The Sun.
London, England, 1845-08-30 00:00:00

la ' tram., ‘,. Ant

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 30, 1845.

The arrival of the Cambria mail steam-ship on Thurs-
day morning at Liverpool, from Boston (which passage,
including the time occupied by her usual detention at
Halifax, she effected in eleven days and less than half
of another), brings advices of considerable interest from
New York and from Mexico. From Mexico we have a
proclamation, or circular, dated July 16, 1845, by the
Mexican Ministers of War and Marine, and addressed
to the Generals-in-Chiefs of divisions, announcing the
intention of the Supreme Government to communicate
on the ensuing day to Congress its declaration of war
against the Ur ited States, for their perfidious conduct in
the affair of Texas. The " Circular" is couched in
terms of great moderation and dignity, but they do not
the less on that account bespeak a settled purpose, on
the part of the Mexican authorities, to resist with a high
hand the outrageous insult which the annexation of
the Texas territory to that of the Federal Union has
put upon a sister Republic. From the stern promptitude
with which the Mexican nation resented and revenged, in
July, 1824, the attempt of ITURBIDE to superinduce an
imperial domination on her more popularised institutions,
we are fully prepared to expect that she would still more
deeply resent a flagrant and outrageous violation of the
integrity of her National Republic. We are far from
regarding, therefore, her first step towards war with the
United States as a mere " brutumfulmen."
Letters from New York allude to further proceedings
on the part of officers of the United States, which seem
to imply an equally tenacious spirit of aggression, in
that Government, as to other territories still more remote
than Texas. In addition to the march of Colonel
KEARNEY'S detachment of 300 Dragoons of the United
States' army, from their cantonments at Leavenworth, in
order to cover, as it was said, the advance of American
emigrants to the Oregon territory, whither they were to
be escorted as far as the southern passes of the rocky
mountains ; it now appears that a Captain FREEISIONT
has sailed "in the same interest," on an exploring
expedition, in the first instance to Drake's River, and
subsequently to the Bay of San Francisco. This fact
would have been sufficiently significant of itself, even
had it been unaccompanied by the circumstance that this
forms the third expedition of a similar character which
the same individual has conducted to the same quarters.
But this intelligence, in the cases both of Mexico and
New York, carries with it a moral, on which we cannot
refrain from again touching, although we have so often
adverted to it already. In the case of Mexico, our
ally, the favourite principle of our modern foreign policy,
non-intervention, has been carried out to a most ques-
tionable extent. A war which may involve the noblest
States that civilisation can boast, may yet be the result
of a carelessness or timidity of tone in the representations
which our Government has made to the aggressive party,
in the incipient stages of her spoliation-schemes since
accomplished upon its victim. In the case of the Oregon,
a calamity not less grave or deplorable may yet ulti-
mately attest the folly and imbecility of our diplomatic
credulity—in past years—with regard to the postpone-
ment of formal details, on the faith of the United States'
Government being ready at any future time to execute
the letter of compacts, the principle of which it had
already pledged itself to. But we are fain to believe
that her MAJESTY'S Ministers have really come to a
well-considered determination to throw to the winds, in
all future dealings with the Oregon question, all idea of
resorting to those expedients for tiding over, and leaving
it to time to accommodate, those great disputed points
with which the main principle of our rights in that
quarter is inseparably bound up. The United States
have put such a:case upon the record against themselves,
in the affair of the Boundary question, by dishonestly
evading and refusing to be bound by the award of the
arbiter (the late King of HOLLAND), whose judgment
they had concurred with this country in invoking ; that
it is very doubtful whether we could, in prudence, on
any future proposition for the " arrangement," as it is
called, of the Oregon difficulty, consent again to go with
them to any arbitration. Besides, the lines within
which our rights are included happen to be so broad
and straight, so well defined, so clearly recognised by
the law of nations, that to consent to their arbitrament
by a third party would be to lower their character, and
prejudice their security. When, too, we look at a mili

tary escort already far advanced in its march upon the
" trail," as it is called, of the United States' emigrants
by land, and a naval exploring expedition by sea, we
are prone to believe that we are being invited to assist in
" arrangements," and to go into new bases of negotia-
tions, of which, unless we are very brisk, brief, and de-
cided in disposing of them, we may find the " foregone
conclusion: " already provided, located, and installed
upon the soil which forms the subject of the conflicting
claim. In saying this, we by no means conceal from
ourselves the all but hopeless character of the natural
obstacles—the difficulties, privations and dangers which
beset the passage of the emigrants through the dreary
wilderness, the barren plains and dreary mountains they
have to traverse. But the arrival of a small body of
them, even, could scarcely fail to produce the most se-

rious and permanent hostilities between the subjects of
the two States, which a more intelligible and decided

policy on our part, long since adopted, instead
of the imbecile temporising of the LONDON-

DERRY school, would .
have by this time set at

rest for ever. The first tamperings of ANDREW
JACKSON, as President, with the treacherous or disaf-

fected servants of the State of Mexico, ought to have
been remonstrated against ; and those remonstrances en-

forced, if needful, by the aid of our arms, and protection
to the Mexican Government, in the most direct and un-
compromising spirit. But the expansion of the Ame-
rican soldier's unprincipled but petty projects into the
full-blown enormity of JonN TYLE a's conspiracy against,
and frauds upon, the same Government, should have
been considered not only by us as a sufficient casus

fcedel is to justify our intervention on behalf of Mexico;

by a categorical demand for the disavowal by Congress
of the most unprincipled dealings that can disgrace the
Ministers or agents of one independent Power in
their deportment towards another ; but by every other
nation also in relations of amity with the United States,
as sufficient cause for formally withdrawing from those
relations. The dignity of free States—the faith of trea-
ties—the morality of national character—the interests of
civilization—the advance of civilization—ell these ap-
pear to us to have been already sacritied in the accom-
plished appropriation of Texas by the United States ;
and the extension of that sacrifice seems inevi'able, if
they be longer permitted to retain their present attitude
of meditated encroachment on the Oregon territory.

It is reported at Vienna, says the Rhine Observer,
that the Sovereigns of Europe have given their opinion
in favour of a marriage between the young Queen of
SPAIN and Prince LEOPOLD, the youngest son of Duke
FERDINAND of Saxe Coburg.

The Emperor and Empress of RUSSIA. are expected