The Sun.
London, England, 1845-02-22 00:00:00

I ONPON, SAW2DAY, FEI3III.7ARY 22, 1845.

he House of LOUIS we:, et Five. Returns were or-
der d on the subjist of Cr, srwr s, on the motion
al ord MONTEAGLE ; of t!:c nye.. -t. 5f Roman Catholic
ituients in Tlltity College, Dab il, on that of Vis-
vow t STRANGFORD ; and of the ntra3Ler of complaints
made at the Pott..office of the non-transmission of news-
tapers, on that Lord 011283,14. An addition Was I

made to this latter motion, for a return of the number
of newspapers sent to the Dead Letter-office, in conse-
quence of being without directions, on the motion of the
Earl of LONSDALE. Some petitions were presented, and
their Lordships adjourned.
The House of Commons met at Twelve o'Clock, and
resolved itself into a Committee of the whole House
on the Railway Consolidation Bill. The whole of the
clauses were •Igreed to with some verbal amendments,
and the House resumed.

I On the motion of Lord G. SOMERSET, the Orders of
the Day for the Committees on the other Railway Con-
solidation Bilis were postponed to Tuesday, when the
House will again sit at Twelve o'Clock. The House
adjourned from Half-past Three to Five o'Clock.
On the re-assembling of the House several Railway
Bills were brought in and read a first time, and various
petitions were presented and notices of motion given.
JI answer to Sir W. CLAY, the CHANCELLOR of the
EXCHEQUER stated that it was intended the reduction in
the sugar duties should take place immediately after
the day on which the resolutions should have been
agreed to. The Right Hon. Gentleman made a similar
statement with regard to the export duty on coals, and
that in every case the same rule would apply, unless
when specially ordered otherwise.
The order of the day for renewing the adjourned de-
bate on Lord Howrex's amendment to Mr. T. Dux-
COMBE'S motion, on the subject of Post-office espionage,
was then read, and the debate was resumed by Mr.
COLLETT, who considered the report of the Secret Com-
mittee most unsatisfactory ; he, there ore, should vote
for further inquiry.

Sir IL COLBORNE opposed the motion, as calculated to
cast a stigma on the character of his noble relative, who
had been Chairman of the Committee of the other House.
Mr. FERRAND asked if the letters of the members cf
the Anti-Coin-law League had been opened ? If they
had not, Mr. DuscomnE had been treated unfairly by
Sir J. GRAHAM, who only could have opened the letters
of the Hon. Member for Finsbury in order to gratify a
" pi orient eui iosity."
STnurr, as a member of the Committee of last
year, vindicated their proceedings. He thought, how-
ever, that the power of opening letters should only be
granted on information on oath, and that parties should
have warning of warrants having been issued to read
their correspondence, and should have the same redress
as they had at present with regard to search •warrants
in case of illegality or irregularity.
Mr. COLQIIHOIJN opposed both the amendment and the
original motion.
e" Mr. W. WILLIAMS and Mr. BLEWITT supported the
original motion.

Mr. B. COCHRANE did not think that the fact of
having Fad his letters opened cast any reflection on the
character of the Hon. Member for Finsbury, and should
therefore oppose the motion.
Lord n. HAMILTON said that so far from the Hon.
Member for Finsbury having been injured by these pro-
ceedings, he believed it was the greatest hit he had ever
male in his life.

Mr. WATSON denied that the law gave the Secretary
of State the power to open letters, which it appears he
had exercised. He might detain, but not open; and
if the Government were desirous of trying the legality,
let them acknowledge the fact, produce the warrant,
and bring the whole question to trial.
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL having attacked Mr. D'ls-
RA 'MI for his support of Lord Howtcres amendment,
proceeded bri •Ely to reply to the legal objections of Mr.
WATSON, and concluded by calling on the House to resist
the motion and the amendment.
Lord JOHN RUSSELL contended for the existence and
exercise of the power of opening letters by the Govern-
ment, as necessary for securing the public peace, but de-
clared that it would be unwise to resist inquiry into the
case of the Hon. Member for Finsbury.

Sir R. PEEL followed the Noble Lord, and deprecated
all further inquiry.
Sir J. HANDIER, Sir G. GREY, and other Hon. Mem-
bers then addressed the House.

After a lengthened discussion, Mr. T. DUNCOMBE re-
plied, and withdrew the original motion ; when the
House divided, and Lord Howicx's amendment was re
jetted by a majority of 95. The numbers being for the
amendment 145 against 240.
Mr. T. DUNCOMBE then gave notice that on Tuesday
he should move that the officials of the Post-office be
summoned to the bar of the House, for the purpose of
informing the House under what authority they had
beer. parties in detaining, delaying, or opening his post
letters.
The House adjourned at One o'clock.

It has fallen to the lot of few British statesmen to give
utterance to a more profound truth than that which was
enunciated by Sir ROBERT PEEL, when he made this
avowal, whilst contemplating the career of office upon
which he was entering:—" Ireland is my greatest diffi-
culty." The truth of the averment is, on every account
indeeJ, so self-evident, that its triteness is apt to detract,
we fear, from the salutary influence which it ought to
exercise on the minds of public men. And yet it cannot,
in justice, be denied, that our Governments of all shades
of political opinions have been sensitive to the immense
responsibility which has devolved upon them, with the
succession to power, of finding remedies for the evils, social
and political, that all of them have successively admit-
ted as pervading the condition of Ireland. But if this
have been the fact, their convictions would appear to
have paralyzed their remedial efforts to extinguish the
acknowledged mischiefs. They saw, they confessed,
they deplored ; but, one after another, these Govern-
ments passed out of the portals of office as they had
entered them—alive to the fearful aspects presented
by that condition, but unable to announce that
they had succeeded in removing them. The public
have long since come to the conclusion that those ,
Governments did not adopt any well-considered or com-
prehensive scheme of observation and inquiry, upon the
results of which they might have devised and founded
an eligible plan of treatment for the very peculiar case
with which they had to deal. That treatment was never
sufficiently comprehensive. It contemplated some iso-
lated symptom, and administered only some topical
remedy. The great social disease that affected almost
the entire system of Ireland was lost sight of. It
was permitted to extend itself with impunity over the
lower extreroLies, as it were; nor was it till the dis-
temper began to develop itself in other regions of that
system, whose positions it was fast disorganising, that
the business of seriously attempting to get at the root
and seat of a malady, displaying itself under so many
types of morbid action, was entered upon with honesty
and determination of purpose. In this view of the
matter no more than their due meed of praise has been
awarded to the parties who suggested the appointment
of " her Majesty's Commissioners of Inquiry into the
state of the law and practice in respect of the occupation
of land in Ireland," of which the Earl of DEVON has
acted as the able, upright, and most diligent Chairman.
The long-looked-for "Report " of this Commission
has just been issued in a printed form ; and we may con-
gratulate the country at large on the encouraging hopes
to be entertained of most beneficial and permanent re-
sults from the adoption of the various measures it sub-
mits for the sanction of her MAJESTY'S approval. We
subjoin a concise abstract from the columns of a Con-
temporary, which embodies a recital of the points to
which the Commissioners have directed their la-
bours and framed their Report ; and of the opinions
recorded at its conclusion by them. Wo should
but weaken, at present, the force of the considerations
which these opinions embody, by any remarks of our
own that we may be prepared to offer. But, after having
repeated from the " Blue-book" such passages as we may
think best entitled to the attention of our readers, we
shall return again to the recommendations (to most of
which we shall desire to offer our humble support), com-
prised in this interesting document :

The following is a list of the heads of the Report :
" Course of Proceeding by Commissioners—Historical
Sketch of Landed Property PI r,eland—Review of former
Reports—Tenote : of Landlord, of Tenant—Permanent Im-
provements : how generally effected, Bill tb provide Com-
pensation fo-, power to Land'ord to charge estates for—Con-
solidation of Farms: different modes of effecting, and obser-
vations upon them—Recovery of Rent: by Distress, by
Ejectment, amendments of the law as to both these pro-
cesses, Tenants from year to year—Proposed Form of Lease
in certain Cases: Stamp Dales, Registration of Leases—
Agents, including Receivers under the Courts—Sale of
Estates : for making out Title—Agricultural In-
struction Emigration Waste Lands—Public Works—
Amendment of Public Works Act—Labourers: their condi-
tion, con-acre—County Cess : observations
.upon, and sug-
gestions for alteration—Suggestions for amendment of Law
upon several miscellaneous matters—Agrarian Outrages—
Conclusion."

We subjoin " the conclusion," from which our
readers will be able to form a judgment of the general
character of the Report :
" We have thus endeavoured to lay before your Majesty
the conclusion et which we have arrived, after the extensive
inquiry in which we have been engaged. We are well aware
of the difficulties that sutround the whole subject of that
inquiry.
" One class of persors have been accustomed to look ex-
clusively to legislative interference for a removal of the
evils to which Ireland, is exposed; whilst others despair en-
tirely of any beneficial effect upon her social condition tioin
such interference.
" We do not agree with either of these classes. We know
that the best directed measures of Parliament cannot pro-
duce the desired effect, unless aided and enforced by the
steady, as well as active exertions of the people of all ranks
and conditions in their respective spheres; but we are at the
same time satisfied that a very beneficial change may be
effected by the united and vigorous efforts of the Legislature
and of individuals.
" We cannot despair when we find a country enjoying such

natural advantages as Ireland possesses, with a large extent
of uncultivated or unimproved land, and a numerous popula-
tion, able and willing to labour if opportunities are afforded
to them. On the contrary, we confidently believe, that by
an examination of the facts as they actually exist, and by a
close attention to details, means may be found for re-
moving many or most of those partial and particular
obstacles, which have hitherto so greatly impeded the bene-
ficial employment of labour, and obstructed the enjoyment
of those advantages which a country such as Ireland is calcu-
lated to afford. _ _ _ _ _

"But this desirable result cannot be looked for, unless the
united andvigorous efforts of all classes in Ireland are directed
tawards it. _ _

" Instances are to be seen in every part of the country of
estates upon which the liberal conduct and active super-
intendence of a resident landlord, or of a resident and
judicious agent. have established a system of progressive
improvement as to the land, and of increasing comfort to
the people, which are, unfortunately, wanting in many other
districts. _ _

" We trust that one effect, at least, of our labours will be
to rouse the attention of many who have as yet thought little
upon the subject, and to encourage them to follow the
examples thus held out to them.
" Above all, we would call upon all such persona not to
rest satisfied with any vague or general notion of the state
' of the population with which they are connected, but care-
fully to examine all circumstances, iu order that they may
apply those remedies which shall be appropriate to the case,
as well as efficient for the purpose of relief.
" The voluminous evidence collected by us, in all parts of
I-eland, with the numerous returns and other documents
transmitted to us, present a mass of information upon the
social condition of that country which must serve as a useful
guide to all who desire to employ their efforts for improve-
-ment in the right direction, and upon sound principles; and
we feel satisfied that great advantage may be derived from
placing in their true light many facts and circumstances
hitherto little known, or greatly misunderstood.
" Whilst we have, in various parts of this report, made
observations in the nature of advice to some of those who
are landlords in Ireland, we trust, at the same time, to be
permitted to remark shortly upon the conduct too often pur-
sued by some of the class of tenants. There is frequently a
readiness amongst these to attribute their own wretched con-
dition exclusively to the conduct of their landlords, some-
times with an utter disregard of truth, and almost always
without admitting,' perhaps without seeing, how much of it
arises from their own indolence or want of skit.

"The truth is, to use a fam!liar expression, that faults are
in many cases to be found on both sides; and, considering
bow uninformed a large portion of the Irish population is, a
heavy responsibility rests upon all those to whom the poorer
classes have a right to look for information and advice.
" The foundation of almost all the evils by which the social
condition of Ireland is disturbed is to be traced to those feel-
ings of mutual distrust, which too often separate the classes
of landlord and tenant, and prevent all united exertion for
the common benefit.

" It has been truly said, that confidence is a plant of slow
growth. It is, however, a plant which will flourish well in
Irish soil, if cultivated with patience and with care.
" We say particularly with, patience, because we believe
that many excellent persons, having the best intentions
towards improving the cultivation of the soil and the con-
dition of the people in Ireland, have been too easily diverted
from their course by feelings of disappointiaent at the slow
prowess which is made towards the attainment of those ends,
and the little result which is perceived from their most
arn;oas endeavours.

:4 We would earnestly impress upon such persons, and upon
all who have the interest of Ireland at heart, not hastily to
relax from those exertions which circumstances may enable
them to make, in forwarding the march of improvement
amongst their poorer neighbours.
" Without touching upon the political or other causes
which may have contributed to create a feeling of distrust,
we cannot disguise from ourselves that the Irish peasant is
inclined to look with suspicion upon all attempts of his land-
lord to inculcate new habits or to introduce new plans for the
management of his lands.
" Every considerate and benevolent landlord will make
much allowance for this feeling. He will not suffer any
exhibition of it to turn him aside from any scheme of im-
provement upon which, after deliberation, he has determined
to enter. _

"He must be prepared for frequent disappointment. He
will ocasionally meet with ingratitude and injustice ; but
if he perseveres in a spirit of kindness, united with firmness
of purpose, he may confidently look to a well-merited reward,
probably in the advancement of his personal interest,
but certainly in the improvement of the district in which
he lives, and the increasing comfort of the people around him.
" All which we humbly certify to your Majesty.
"DEVON.
" R. A. FERGUSON.
" GEORGE A. HAMILTON.
" THOMAS N. REDINGTON.
" JOHN WYNNE.
" J. P. KENNEDY, Secretary.
" February 14, 1845."

Accounts have been received from Madrid to the 13th
inst. On the following day it was announced that the
new electoral law, and a Bill relative to the restoration
of the unsold property to the clergy, would be intro-
duced by the Government into the Chamber of Deputies.
Bourse.—Three per Cents., cash, 331 ; for account,
33:41. Five per Cents., for account, 241.

The French Chamber of Deputies was to commence
the discussion on the Secret Service Money Bill on
Thursday, and from the manner in which the report on
the Bill has been drawn up, Ministers are evidently re-
solved to stand or fall by the decision of the Chamber.
M. DEBELLEYME, chairman of the Committee, read the
report on the 18th, in which it is stated that they had
heard the President of the Council, the Ministers of
Justice, Foreign Affairs, and the Interior, and their
explanations appeared 'to be satisfactory. The Com-
mittee did not consider it necessary to lead the discus-
sion in the d'reetion of foreign policy, as they were per•
fectly satisfied with all the main points. They also
stated that the internal tranquillity and prosperity of
the country had never been more real, and that the
policy followed both at home and abroad during the four
last years had consolidated peace, and powerfully con-
tributed, by the confidence and security which have been
produced, to the development of the national riches.
The report concludes with the following challenge
" The Ministry having maintained under this double
point of view, and in its totality, the general policy
sanctioned by the votes of the Chamber, the majority of
the Committee has the honour of proposing to you to give
a vote of confidence to the Cabinet by adopting the Bill."
Most of the journals have brief comments on this re-
port, but they are of no interest. Everything depends
on the vote of the Chamber. The Ministerial party ex-
pect a majority of 30, while the Oppositian say 15 or
20 will be the utmost. The division was expected to take
place on Saturday. The domestic affairs of France,
however, are of little importance at present, compared
with the revolution which has taken place in one of the
Swiss cantons on her frontier, and the general commo-
tion throughout the whole federation. Radical reform
has been established in the extensive and powerful can-
ton of Vaud, which joins France on the west, and ex-
tends along the foot of Mount Jura. As we stated yes-
terday, the Grand Council had resigned, but it
appears not voluntarily, for they were in a manner
compelled to take such a step by the armed
citizens, who elected a new Council, and laid
down a basis for a new Constitution which should be
imperative on the Government, and recognised trial by
jury, the re-organisation of the courts of justice, and
the making of the civil and penal laws more democratic.
The following account, which appears in a letter, dated
Geneva, Feb. 16, appears to furnish a correct view of
the state of the Canton :—" The affair of the Jesuits
has produced in the Canton de Vaud a complete and
radical revolution. The resolution upon that question
adopted by the Council of State of the Canton de Vaud,
on the 13th, not being in conformity with the wish ex-
pressed by 32,000 petitioners, popular assemblies have
been held in all parts of the canton. About 15,000 of
the inhabitants of the neighbouring country arrived in
Lausanne on the 14th, and the consequent excitement is
very great. The Council of State immediately called the
inhabitants to arms, but very few attended to the gall.
The soldiers joined the people, and cried out, ' Down with
the Council of State, down with the Jesuits.' Three
hundred soldiers, who bad hitherto remained faithful to
the Council of State, having refused to receive am-
munition or to take part against the people, the Council
found itself deprived of all support, and having no means
of resisting, the members resigned en masse. On the
14th, at half-past two in theafternoon, the people held a
general meeting in the Place de Montbenon, when
several resolutions were adopted, calling upon the Coun-
cil of State to yield to the wishes of the petitioners, and
afterwards to dissolve itself, in order that a constituent
assembly might be elected in its stead. The meeting
afterwards proceeded to the election of a provisional
government, of which HENRY DRUEZ, Councillor of
State, was appointed President. The Provisional
Government immediately published a proclamation an-
nouncing the change which had been made and the re-
solutions of the meeting. In the evening of the 14th an
immense number of people from the country round
Lausanne arrived in the town, and on the morning
of the 15th another meeting of the people was held, which
was attended by more than 15,000 persons, most of whom
were armed. This meeting declared the Grand Council
dissolved, and immediately called on the people of the
canton to meet and elect a new Grand Council ; and it
also passed a resolution to the effect, that all citizens,
without exception, were entitled to vote at the elections.
The meeting also resolved that the new Grand Council
should be entrusted with the reform of the Constitution,
and laid down as a basis of that Constitution,which would
be imperative on the Council of State, the establishment
of trial by jury, the re-organization of the tribunals of
justice, and the making of the civil and penal
laws more democratic. The meeting afterwards
adopted instructions to be given to the De-
puties of the Canton de Vaud to the Diet.
These instructions are the same as those proposed by the
minority of the ex-Council of State. Messrs. DRUEZ
and BRIATTE were elected Deputies to the Diet. The
meeting finished by resolving that those occupying
public employments should be dismissed, but that they
should continue in their functions till their successors
should be appointed, provided they adhered to the prin-
ciples of the revolution. The new Provisional Govern-
ment was afterwards installed at the Castle, amidst the
acclamations of the people. These events have created
immense sen 'Alen in Geneva and the neighbouring can-
tons. The Genovese Government; fearing the cense-
quen.les of the agitation of the people, has Called out the

militia ; but that step has only added to the excitement,
and it is difficult to foresee the result."

This demonstration against the Jesuits is spreading
through the Republic. The Grand Council of the Gri-
sens, and also that of Glaris, have declared against
them, and demanded their expulsion. Geneva will
imitate the example; and these pests of society will, in a
short period, have the satisfaction of seeing the whole
country thrown into confusion, which will to a certainty
lead to the interference of France, Austria, and Prussia.
The next intelligence from Paris will probably announce
the movement of troops towards the Swiss frontier.

Some agitation was produced on the Paris Bourse, on
Wednesday, by the introduction of two railway Bills
into the Chamber of Deputies. The one is a Bill for
the construction of the Great Northern Railway, with
branches to Calais and Dunkirk ; and the other for a
line from Criel to St. Quentin, with the following con-
ditions.—that the period for which the first line shall be
conceded is not to exceed forty-five years, nor for the
second more than seventy-five years, and no party to be
entitled to bid for the great line who shall not have pre-
viously lodged in the Caisse des Depots de Consigna-
tions a sum of 30,000,000 f., nor for the St. Quentin line
who shall not have similarly paid in 6,000,000 f. The
successful Company shall not be allowed to issue shares
or negotiable promises of shares until it shall have con-
stituted itself into an " anonymous society," duly
authorised, agreeably to the 37th article of the Code of
Commerce.

The Three per Cents. closed on Wednesday at
85f. 5c.; the New Loan at 86f. 5c.; the Five per Cents.
at 122 f. 75c.; Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,187 f. 50c.;
Rouen, 1,115 f. ; Havre, 903 f. 75c. ; Belgian Two-and-
a-Half per Cents., 61E 75c. ; Spanish Actives, 384 ;
Ditto, Three per Cents., 41i ; Ditto, Passives, 61 ; Ditto,
Domestic Debt, 34.

“THE SUN” EXTRAORDINARY
EXPRESSES.

THE BUDGET.

We have to express our obligation to our new agent,
Messrs. Johnston and Co., Eden quay, Dublin, for forward-
us an extraordinary edition of The Sun of Friday evening,
which reached us on Monday morning, containing the entire
of Sir Robert Peel's financial statement. extending over nine
columns, and published at eight o'clock on the same even-
ing which it was delivered. While we feel grateful to
Messrs. Johnston, we cannot withhold our meed of appro-
bation from our London Contemporary for his extraordi-
nary effort, which reflects so much credit upon the metro-
politan press.—Limerick Reporter.
INEwspArEn DISPATCII.—We have to acknowledge the
courtesy and great exertions made by the proprietor of The
Sun, with respect to Sir Robert Peel's financial statement of
Friday. In his paper of that evening an extraordinary ex•
press edition contained a report of about eight columns'
length, with the whole of the Premier's scheme, which we
received in due course of Tost on Monday morning. Alt
this vast mass of matter must have been spoken, reported
in short-hand, extended in ordinary writing, set up in types,
worked off by the printing
machine, and dispatched by the
railway train, in less than four hours ! It took us as much
time to abridge it for our columns!—Inverness Courier.
Through the active agency of Messrs. Mansell, of Bit
mingham, we received by mail here this morning a copy of
the express edition of last night's Sun, by which means we
are enabled to lay before our readers the heads a Sir Robert
Peel's financial statement.—Hanchester Guardian, Feb. 15

By an extraordinary edition of The Sun, fur which we are
indebted to our indefatigable agent, Mr. Mansell, jun., of Bir-
mingham, we are enabled to give the following summary of
Sir Robert Peel's explanation of the budget.—Worcester
Herald, Feb. 15.