The Sun.
London, England, 1826-08-30 00:00:00

Rhine :

MAYENCE, AVG. 15%
His Highness Prince Metternich arrived at inhan"l4:,
ber on the firth instant. Since the arrival of the Prin.` 1
then plendid equipages and the many persons of distireticri
who arrive from all quarters, have given to this enott!,
a resolution may probably
seat the appearance of a Royal residence. .Wong lie
reports relative to the subjects that tray perbaio Ye, dist
cussed there, none appears to deserve credit, eaeeP* ',et,
navigation of the Rhine. The.Merabers of the Coonmor
Ilion of the Navigation of the Rhine have had the honour
of paying their respects to his Highness.
be taken concerning the ":4.

Atetallitptet
via:4NA, AVO p 4.
Bank Shave
1070

al U
Frankfort Papers to the 24th instant, have
come to hand. tinder the head of Smyrna, it is sal"
that proviNions clan was have fallen in prices in cow

sequence of the salutary reforms intoduced by the
SULTAN. A trait of British' generosity, highly
honourable to Vice-Admiral Sir H. NEALE and the
brale tars of the Revenge, is recorded in the same
article :--- •

111UNICII,„ AUG.. 19.
• -
One of the greatest difficulties in mechanics, and which
Will but imperfectly overcome, though great rewards were
offered both by England and France, was to contrive a
means of spinning flax like cotton. , This problem has
now been happily solved by M. Hofer, of Meron, in the
Tyrol, who having matured his ideas, came to Munich and
employed an able mechanician, Mr. Ertl, to make a ma-
chine according to his .directions. In this he has fully
succeeded, and Mr. Hofer. has obtained a patent from Ins
Maiewery the King of Bavaria, and will sohcit patents also
from Austria and Prussia.

SMYRNA, AUG. 14.

The greater part of the measures adopted in Con-
stantinople, for the free sale of the necessaries
of life, has already been put in force at Smyrna.—
Meat is reduced from 36 parse to 28; Bread from 26 to
18; Oil from 65 to 40 ; Soap from 60 to 40. The
nipleions dealers are the only persons • who have a
mild to. complain if they dared ; the remainder of the
inhabitants bless the paternal care of the Sultan, as
well as the attention to public tranquillity shown by the
Pacha of Smyrna, who is daily seen in a disguise going
through the streets of the city, to observe with his own
eyes whether his orders are 'obeyed, and whether new
plots are contriving in the dark.
Commodore Hamilton had brought a letter of recom-
mendation from Canaris for an unfortunate woman, whose
%on was a slave at Smyrna. Being obliged to go to Athens
with Lady Neale, he recommended this business to Vice-
Admiral Sir Harry Neale, who immediately opened a
subscription 011 board the Revenge. In less than an hour
he had the pleasure of handing to the mother the sum
asked by the muster- of the slave for his ransom.—The
plague rages on the coast of Syria.

The Gazette of last night, contains a notice for
Mine off on the 26th of September, the Exchequer
}lilts dated in the months of July, August, and
September 1825, viz
58 Geo. 111, cap. 45, for building additional
Churefies ; 8 'Geo. IV. cap. 86, for carrying on
Public works and fisheries ; 6 Geo. IV. cap. 2,
20,000,060/.1825 ; 6 Geo. IV. cap. 70, 10,500,0001.
1825;with the interest due thereon ; New Bills at two.
Pence per diem to be issued instead.

if it were now for the first time a question, whether
16 system of Pilotage in force by authority of Par-
liament in this country, *as in. its origin legal we
qiuuld say (as we believe every one would say, setting
''Vide the long continued usage),. that it was not. We
'hould say, that the granting of the privilege to navi-
gate and steer another's ship, by the former kings of
England, was in point of fact a usurpation and an in-
flingSolent upon the rights and prerogatives of Eng-
ti erchants.How far tho introduction of this sys-
-71/4as.for the benefit of the country, and for the
14:ett of the lives of sailors of all descriptions, is another
lquesiion ; (a question too, we can hardly in these later
tiloei discuss) but which we still may venture to say,
would be answered 'in the affirmative, if enquiry was
.."114$ into the exlmt)t,,An4 clept4, and generality of
Ills knowledge our mariners in those times had ae-
tluited, not only of the principles of Navigation,
1)4 also of the exact state of the channels of the
trtglish seas and the rivers running into them, as
to shoals, quicksands, and sunken rocks. It is, how-
tiger, indisputably clear, that the knowledge of the art

°I• navigation and the peculiarities of our own seas are
cow fro widely extended, as to leave the public but
little to apprehend on the score of loss of property or
hvas; if masters of vessels were permitted to navigate
their own ships, or had left them an option as to the
tlilltioyment of pilots or not, according as their own
4iocretion might point out. Such option, however, is
NA left them, but Ship-owners are compellable to take
plots on board without any reference to the skill of
the commander, which most commonly exceeds that of
the pilot.
.Favours, even when beneficial, are most
ungraciously received, if forced upon us, and they
altogether cease to be favours if their advantages are
questioned or denied. This seems to us to be the exact
state of the question between the pilots and the Ship-
°, "nera, who now regard the compulsion to take pilots on
'ward as an
additional and useless impost upon trade ;
enhancing greatly the cost of equipment, '(if pilotage
leaJ . be termed a portion of it),' and unattended with
4 Sillgle advantage either to them, or the Merchant, ore Public. th
~.. c. We do not mean to say that the Parlia-
mentary pilotage fees are extravagantly high ; we do
hot mean to quarrel with . the Act in this respect or
with the system; we are only desirous that it be left to
• tile discretion of the husband of the ship's, aided by
the judgment of the master, to determine
whether the
assistance of a Pilot is necessary ; and it' not that they
- , be permitted to sad without one.
rln short, that
the . compulsion to take. Pilots on . board be
:40Re away with, retaining, however, the rights
'heady vested by the Legislature in the pilots, that
1'
. It licensed pilot be employed on every occasion
!here the owner and master think it expedient to call
1 "' the assistance of any pilot at all. It is not by any
illeatts, here intended to insinuate that the pilot sys.
IN in force in England, is altogether useless ; Far
irolo it, we know that 'in many eases, it is eminently
4rriceable, and that much property, and many valu-
nle, lives, have been saved from
..destruction by its
eitus; but we still think, that in .the majority of-
p?itish ships, that trade with the ports, subject to the
lot Act, the respective masters would. be found fully
11! competent to steer their own vessels up and down
n
_.,,e river, Thames: and Medway,- .and in_ the. English
iittonel, as any licence& pilot, .either of-.the Trinity'
tn'use or the Cinque ports.: -The Compulsion' too,
h tilke on board a pilotovai certainly intended as a
411efit to the ship owner, and it . is, therefore, some-
, kgvat anomalotis, when we see a man obliged to receive a
th 9or. vvliether
e re • he will or not ; and; what is worse, that
c pawn. of it is followed, by theinflicti9n of It heavy
mut.
The
first
, .
afth Crow
stattit• that at all legalized the usurpations
~, e k.rovn in -
respect of Pilots, was the 3d Geo. I.
I-1) 13, and, this '•
tory c
_, related solely to that body which. are
1 tila,, 41,;ted Cinque Port mtg. Since that time,
but (L'ertreter statutes have been. passed on this sullect,
there clues
itut appear any pudic general Act which

effects every Port of- the United Kingdom. The
6th Geo. IV. cap. 125, is a consolidation' of the sta-
tutory provisions relating to the Pilots belonging to the
respective establishments of the Trinity House of
Deptford andlthe Cinque Ports, whilst the Pilots of
the Trinity House- of Hull are subject to the provi-
sions of the 39th and 40th Geo. HI. cap. 10, and
those of Liverpool to the 37th Geo. 111. cap. 78.
All these Acts are, strictly speaking, Local Acts, and
the two latter are accordingly ranged in this class, but
the first has the force and effect of a pnblic general Act.
Besides these Acts, it is possible that others exist for
regulating Pilots attached to other British Ports,
as those of Bristol, Plymouth, Falmouth, &c.
The Act of the 6th Geo. IV., c. 125, recites in its
preamble, that " whereas the master wardens and as-
sistants of the guild fraternity or brotherhood of the
most glorious and undivided Trinity, have, as well by
usage for more than three centuries, as by grants of
the Crown, been empowered to appoint pilots, &c. to
conduct ships and vessels into, and' out of, and upon
the river of Thames, through the Mith Channel, to
or by Orfordness, and round the long. Sand-head ; or
through the Queen's Channel, the South channel
or other channels, into the Downs ; and from or by
afordness, and up the North Channel, and up the
rivers Thames and Medtvay ;" which shows the ex-
tent of the authority of the Trinity House of Deptford
and Warden of the Cinque Ports, and that the same,

in its origin, was a meriusturtion, founded on con-
venience and the humane notion of preventing loss of life
and property, by unskilful hands conducting vessels
through the intricate channels of the English seas. This
preamble, Moreover, is a copy from that of the first Act
which passed on the subject, and thus demonstrates, that
before. and
~up to that time the rights of the pilots
existed by prescription only. The absence of' any
statute regulating pilots in general, and the circum-
stance that even their prescriptive rights attach only to
particular ports, would almost lead us to conclude, that
little public advantage is to be gained by this institu-
tion ; for, if the employment of pilots is necessary to
conduct ships and vessels into, and out of, the rivers
Thames And Medway, and along the English chan-
nels, it should seem equally necessary that all the ports
of Devonshire' and Cornwall, as also those of Hamp-
shire, and those of the more eastern and northern parts
of the Island of Great Britain, should have pilots at-
tached to them; for the access to them is no less intri-
cate and dangerous than that to the mouths of the
Thames and Medway, to which, and the ports coif-
nected with or near adjoining them, it should seem
that the rights of the pilots of the Trinity House
of Deptford and the Cinque Ports are confined.
Independently too of the limited extent of the rights
of the pilots, there are many vessels which tore not
liable to take pilots onboard. Such as all colliers,
also ships trading to Nortvay, the Cattegat, or the
Baltic, or' round the North Cape into the White
Sea ; also all constant traders Inwards* from the
ports between Boulogne and the Baltic, on condition
that they be registered, and come up by the North
Channel ,• also Irish vessels navigating the Thames and
Medway, all coasters and also stone-laden vessels from
Guernsey, Jersey, &c.; and generally all British vessels
tinder 60 tons burden, and all vessels within the limits
of their port, not under special regulations by private
Act or Charter ; and the master or mate of any ship
of which lie is owner or part owner, who resides at
Dover, Deal, or the Isle of Thanet, may also pilot
his own ship up or down the Thames and Medway,
or into or out of any port or place within the jurisdic-
diction of trio—Cinque'Ports.
'Pie pilots belonging to the Trinity House. of
Deptford, act under a licence granted by the Corpo-
ration of that Trinity House, and those of the Cinque
Ports under a licence granted by the Lord Warden of
the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover Castle, and
after examination into the ability and knowledge of the
candidate to perform the office to which lie aspires.
Without meaning to impute any charge of negligence
or ignorance to either of these bodies, we stiti must
express a wish that the examination was somewhat
severer, and the necessary portion of nautical skill a
little higher rated than at present ; for it not only
very frequently happens that the commanders of ships,
(and especially those in the service of the East India
Company) resign the conduct of their vessels into '
hands who are not half as well qualified to steer
them through the mazes of the river, or the
intricacies of the channel as themselves; but
also, that ships have been, by the ignorance of the li-
censed pilot, placed in such critical situations, that no-
thing but the instant application of the commander's
nautical skill has saved them from wreck or being
stranded. As things now stand, commanders can
place no confidence in the pilot ; and so farfroin being
assistants, they become only the means by which many
dangers are risked, which, had the pilots been 'absent,
would not have been incurred. The establishment of
a' system of pilotage is undoubtedly useful, if the pilot
could be wholly and entirely depended upon ; but we
appeal to the commanders of any vessels (and espe-
cially those of the East India Company), whether they
do place that implicit confidence in the skill and know-
ledge of the pilot which leaves them without apprehen-
haif left to the pilot alone, the vessel would reach
testiti;ation without some accident.' We should
therefore desire a greater degree of vigilance on the
part of those whose duty it is to licence the Trinity
House and Cinque Port Pilots, and moreover think
it not 'unreasonable to beg them to require a greater
'knowledge in the art of navigation, and generally a
larger portion of nautical skill, than is now commonly
found 'Wan average Pilot of the above establishments.
• A question has arisen at one of the police-offices, whether
this word is used in the Act as a word of limitation, or a word
of description. In the first sense the exception is only operative
when the vessel is proceeding inwards ; in the second and con:t-
mon sense acceptation it would cover both inward and outward
voyages. The first, however, is held by the ATTORNEY-GINNIE-
-I.AL and the Police-office in question.

found an article from----'''----f
In a preceding column will be
the Morning Herald, respecting the
exclusion of its
Reporter from Marlborough-street Police-office, with-
out any reason having been assigned by Mr. It"'
the excluding Magistrate, for such
arbitrary
Without knowing the merits of the case, we can only 1
argue upon general principles, anti ask whether the
Magistrate has the right of excluding oae conduct.
Reporter
and admitting another
.? If he has this privilege, the
sooner he is deprived of
it the better, both for the
ease of ,his own conscience and, the interests of the
Public. But we deny that any Magistrate in a Police
office has the power of excluding Reporters. What
are Police offices instituted for but the public benefit,
and if for the public benefit, what right has any Ma-
gistrate to pervert them to his own use ? That the
I public derive the greatest bene fits frornthe publication

of proceedings at the Police offices no wise man can
doubt, but if those who report these proceedings are
subject to exclusion at the frivolous caprice of a Magis-
trate, the Public are seriously injured and even insulted
by their own servant. Whatever concerns the Public
should be established on the broad basis of utility and
clearly defined pririCiples, and not left to the variable
discretion of every Justice, some of whom will not fail
to interpret matters relating to self in a very singular
manner. The Reporter in question may have done
Mr. ROE a private injury—and if so, the Magistrate
has his remedy like any other individual; but the laws
were not made for Mr. Roes applying them in his
own case, without the intervention of less disinterested
parties. If the reporter has misconducted himself let
the charge be fairly and openly stated, but let not the
Magistrate, taking advantage of his judicial situation,
overstep the bounds of his duty by unconstitutional
acts. We much regret having had of late so fre-
quent cause of animadverting upon the crazy conduct
of those who from their public situations, ought to set
a sober and discreet example to others. But power
is an intoxicating draught for light heads—more po-
tent in proportion to thew weakness--and more danger-
ous in its effects to the public, the oftener they unfor-
tunately come in contact with its possessor. It ap-
pears that in the present instance two of the Magis-
trates at Marlborough-street expressed their ignorance
of the order for exclusion, and saw no objection to a
re-admission, but would not interfere, merely in compli-
ment to the other Magistrate. Why, could they not
take cognizance of the matter, if it deserved investiga-
tion ? Surely Mr. Rote is not above the laws,
and can have no proper objection to a discussion
of the merits of the case. Magistrates ought to let
well enough alone," lest by over-jockeyslu, exer-
eisiii the power reposed in them, the Legislature,
in being called upon to limit their excess, restrict
them in much of what they at present enjoy.

THE FUNDS.

CITY, Twelee o'

This being pay-Jay at the English Stock Exchange, several
failures have taken place, and- Consols have been in a ticklish
state, although no very great fluctuation has taken place; they
opened at 794 j, and have varied between '79i and 794 to # all
the morning ; the nearest price is now 794 for Money and Account.
India Stock has risen within these few days from 232 to 283-5,
and a further advance has taken place to 235 to 238, the effect
of the favorable intelligence received yesterday, of the ratification
of the Peace with the Burmese : India Bonds are 26 to 28 prem.
The speculations in the Foreign Minds have been nearly
confined to Mexican Bonds, which were 491 at the close
of yesterday, and opened at 51 4 this morning ; they advanced
to 524, and fell to 501 ; they are now 51. It appears no reason-
able calculation can be made relative to this stock from one hour
to another, nor is there any particular cause for the great fluctua-
tions which have taken place in it. The'Share Market continues
in a most helpless 'state ; United Mexican are 13 to 12 die. ;
Anglo-Mexican, 55, 521
Three per Cent. C0n5015,794, nearest price; Ditto for Account,
794 ; India Stock, 235 8 ; India 4 per Cent. Bonds, 26 8 pm. ;
Exchequer Bills, 17 19 pm.
Foartax FUNDS..Brazilian, 62 3; Buenos Ayres, 53 5;
Chilian, 39 41 ; Colombian, 1824, 331 4; Mexican b per Cent.,
43 5 ; Ditto 6 per Cent., 51 1 ; Greek, 131 14 ; Russian,
84 1; Danish, 56i 74; Portuguese, 711 21; Spanish, 91 104.
Mmes.—Anglo Mexican, 55 dis. ; United Mexican, 13 12
die. ; Pasco Peruvian, 11 10 dis. ; Brazilian, 91 104 pin. ; Tint-
pox:lima, 10 20 pm. ; Bolivar, par, 2 pm. ; Colombian, 2 3 per
Share.

SHattis.--British Iron Company, 27 6 die. ; Australian, 3 4
pm. ; Provincial Irish Bank, 6 5 die.

Two o'clock.

Little alteration has taken place in Console, and they have con-
tinued at 79i j ; New 4 per Cent., 841 ; 4 per Cent, 1826,
; Exchequer Dille, 17 19; India Bonds, 26 29 pm.—
'Mexican Bond* have Lett; as tow'uor 461, ilwad ss"4o4'to b();
Colombian, Sai ; Rumian, 831; thin is nothing worth noticing
it! Share*.

3 per Cont. Consols, 79,
FOUR o'CLOCK—(
Consols 79
Do. for Op. 79
Brazilian Bonds ---
Buenos Ayres Do. 55
Chilian Do.—
Columbian, 1824, 83i

THREE O'CLOCK.
, rather buyers.
LOSING PRICES.
Danish Bonds 57
Greek Do. 1825 14
Mexican Do. 1825, 50it
Peruvian Do. 25
Russian Do. 84 83
Spanish Do. 10 9f

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

The Navy Board has issued a series of new regulations, to he
observed for the messing of officers and soldiers on board trans-
port*, which must add considerably to the comfort of such a valu-
able branch of his Majesty's service. The master oft transport is
to keep a sufficient and respectable table, including breakfast, din-
ner, tea, and supper, and a pint of good, wine per day for each
officer. The entire charge for the mess is not to be paid until the
termination of the voyage, when the master must produce a certifi-
cate from the commanding officer, stating that he treated the gen-
tlemen of the mess well, and the transports must not sail for their
destination until both the agent of transports and commanding
officers of troops embarked are satisfied that the stock laid in is
good and sufficient. The mese of an officer to the following sta-
tions is rated as follows, three-fourth, of which the Commissioners
of the Navy will discharge :—New South Wales, 781. ; Ceylon,
70/. ; blauritius, 661. ; Cape of Good Hope, 40/. ; St. Helens,
40/. ; Rio de Janeiro, SO/. ; Jamaica, 32/. ; Leeward Islands, 28/. ;
Bermudas and North America, 251 ; Gibraltar, 151. ; Malta and
lonian Islands, 25/. ; Coast of Aides, SOL Amount to be paid
by the officer on embarkation, the remainder to be paid by the
Commissioners of the Navy :..—New South 'Wales, 201. ; Ceylon,
20/. ; Mauritius, 15/. ; Cape of Good Hope and St. Helena, 10/. ;
Rio de Janeiro, 8/. ; Jamaica, ; Leeward blends, 8/. ; Bee.
muda and North America, 6/. ; Gibraltar, 4/. ; Malta and the
lonian Islands, 6/. ; Coast of Africa, Si. In addition to the above
the master is to receive Is. a-day.

LLOYDS'...(Ttsts DAT.)
DuaL Afro. 29... Wind S.W.—Passed thf Nelson, Daw, front
Jamaica ; Egyptian, Fenwick, from hlo of France ; and Jane,
Hawkins, from Jamaica, all for London. George IV., steam
ship, from London for Oporto, Lisbon, and Gibkaltar. A home-
ward bound South Seaman passed this afternoon; reported by a
boatman, the Vansittart ; the Cyrus, Manchester, from Loudon
to the Mediterranean remain ; the rest of the outward bound
have sailed.

The Grecian, from Liverpool, which arrived at Bombay the
12th of April,
experienced a heavy gale for four dap off the
Illauritios, and lost all her sails, sprang both masts, Bre., and made

some water.

The Premix°, Gibbs, had sailed for Tellicherry ; the Exmouth,
and Pyramus, Brodie, were on the coast. The Catherine,
APlntosh, is arrived from London at Bengal. The Dew Drop,
from Quebec, is supposed to have arrived off Rye.

We are sorry to announce the death of Dr.HRBER,
Bishop of Calcutta, which took place on the 3d
Mr. Leigh, a veterinary surgeon of Bristol, in his
evidence on the trial of a horse cause, gave it as his
opinion, that Macadamized roads had rendered horses
more unsound in their feet than they used to be,