The Sun.
London, England, 1845-12-30 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDA Y MORNING, DECEMBER 30, 184

BERLIOZ IN VIENNA.
(From a Correspondent of the Post)
The arrival of this distinguished musician and critic
excited much curiosity among the artists and amateurs
of Vienna, and various were the opinions as to the pro-
bability of his success in satisfying the different tastes of
the great musical republic of the imperial city, the
legitimists and the innovators disputing, inch by
inch, the rights and privileges of art domain ; the
one contending for established forms, after the models
of known masters—the other party repudiating, very
wisely, any attempt to curb the fancy, or limit
the boundary of the imagination in instrumental music.
It is ever fresh in the memory of the present genera-
tion that Beethoven's ainfonia Eroica, was hissed at its
first performance in Vienna, and although criticisms,
stringent and unjust, have freely been circulated
throughout Germany, on the extravagance and innova-
tions of Berlioz's wild fancies, calculated to prejudice the
public mind, before the music was heard, I am happy to
say that posterity will be spared the record of an ill-con-
sidered and hasty judgment of the Viennese on the
merits of Berlioz's compositions, which have thrice been
performed, applauded, and several of them encored.
Goethe has somewhere spoken of the power of genius to
disturb, and by such a test it may safely be affirmed
that Berlioz has certainly claim to be considered a man
of some genius, since the power of his muse has dis-
turbed the musical society of Vienna to a fearful de-
gree. The imagination has no positive limits, and
" who sees not," says an eminent critic, "that this
divine art, so vague in its element, has the power to
move nature to imitate," and yet there are peo-
ple who persist in designating inventions in art
as unnatural ; new combinations as crude ; novel rhythm
in melody as inadmissible, and whatever differs from
those forms with which the ear is become familiar in
the works of other masters are, to these self-satis-
fied propounders of the merits of composers, ag-
gressions unpardonable. History furnishes mankind
with so many instances of the persecution of original
thinkers—front Galileo to Beethoven—in science and art,
that it behoves us, in atonement for the sins of past gene-
rations, to be charitable, and cautiously investi-
gate the merits of new styles in art, before we pass
judgment upon them. The opinion I expressed in a
former communication on the superior musical intel-
ligence of this city is confirmed by further experience,
and I have reason to believe that Berlioz has never wit-
nessed a public more readily detect the best features of
his music at a first performance, or feel more keenly the
beautiful effects of his instrumentation.
At each repetition of the performances I frequently
remarked that several artists who the night previous
were declaring against the descriptive music of Berlioz,
were most punctual in their attendance, and secured the
best seats. This fact speaks volumes, and proves, at
least, that if there is nothing to admire, there is some-
thing to learn by listening to his compositions ; for
artists are too poor in Vienna to pay thrice to gratify
mere idle curiosity. Intolerant persons are always to
be found, and the world seems distracted between
realists and idealists. As an art, music is compara-
tively modern, and the daily discoveries and improve-
ments of instruments lead to further novelties in com-
biration; as a science,
.restricted to dianontic progres-
sions, the resources of counterpoint have been nearly
exhausted by the Church writers of the last three cen-
turies, and very little or no variety can now be pro-
duced to charm the hearers of our time without chro-
matic harmony, frequent modulation, contrast in lights
and shades, and a skilful employment of the elements of
a modern orchestra; so that to a profound knowledge of
ancient counterpoint, a modern classical writer must add
a thorough acquaintance with an art unknown to our
great musical scholars of Fugal celebrity. The addition
of modern instrumentation to the grand work of science
naturally induces young composers, of vivid imagina-
tion, to strike out something new, and Berlioz has ven-
tured beyond all his contemporaries in what is accu-
rately denominated "picture or descriptive music." The
subjects, as well as their illustration, are frequently his
own; although I have yet to become acquainted with
his Romeo and Juliet, I have hitherto preferred those
pieces which are purely descriptive of scenes of his own
suggestion. The overture to Lear did not equal my ex-
pectation; nor have some half-dozen overtures to Mac-
beti, which German composers have published, been
considered a worthy appanage to that grand and fearful
tragedy. Beethoven's Pastorale, Mendelssohn's over-
ture to Midsummer Z%iyht's Dream, and David's Desert,
are perfect pictures, lovely, simple, and intelligible.
Berlioz has attempted still further to push this interest-
ing branch of modern art, and his attempt deserves en-
couragement. In the midst of the excitement which his
music has produced in Vienna, the most accredited jour-
nals have put forth several ably-written articles, from
the pen of practical and known musicians, which have
had a tendency to convert legitimists into a more liberal
way of viewing the licenses in art; and as the intelligent
portion of this musical city have more or less know-
ledge of music, the small fry of the press, that speculate
opinions at random, exercise no influence whatever over
the public mind, so that with the leading press and pro-
fessors in his favour, Berlioz has gained in Vienna a
most signal triumph. The extravagant combinations of
Beethoven's later works are not upheld as models of
purity in harmony and counterpoint for students to imi-
tate, nor were the more fantastic passages of harmonics
and languishing portamento of Paganini's style of play-
ing examples for young violinists servilely to copy; yet
it would be a pity to hear a musician, in these days,
assert that he derived no benefit from listening to the one
or the other, and still further would it be unjust to deny
that both these composers have revealed to us new
charms in art, which only require to be understood to be
duly appreciated. In proportion to the sensibility and
knowledge of the hearer does music affect and gratify,
and without pretending to enjoy advantages denied to
thousands in this city, I freely confess that I have been
moved and gratified by some compositions of Berlioz, and
such was the magic spell of his muse over my feelings,
that I could not resist visiting his third and last concert,
though confined for some days previous to my room,
from it severe cold. There are three of his pieces which
have never escaped an encore, and any one of these
three is enough to impress a musician with respect and
admiration for the learning and genius of its c.imposer.
The most popular is the overture to the Carnival of
Rome; the next is the March of the Pilgrims ; and the
third a ball-scene which occurs in his descriptive sym-
phony of the life of an artist. Here you hare fancy and
depth of imagination, novelty in instrumentation, fresh
and powerful final cadenzas of unhackneyed harmony,
touching melodies, and endless forms of accompaniment.
To enter into a more minute description of these com-
positions, without the aid of notation, would be of little
interest, and as Berlioz intends to produce his works
next season in London, the English dtkilanti will have
an opportunity of affirming the favourable verdict which
has been pronounced by the most enlightened and the
most severe musical ordeal in Europe--the musical tri-
bunal of Vienna.

MUSICIANS lie VIENNA.—The city that has been the
favourite residence of a Gluck, Haydon, Mozart, and
Beethoven, is yet the resort of men of genius, and here,
within these few days, have I seen assembled a rare
amount of musical celebrities, comprising Berlioz, Feli-
hien David, Czerny, Sechter, Gyrowytz, Molique, Alvars,
Thalberg, Ernest, Dreyschoek, Mayseder, and several
others whose fame is less known in England, but who
hold a very honourable rank in the profession at Vienna.
Of the quantity, quality, and cheapness of music to be
heard in Vienna, I have only to give you an extract of
last Sunday's diary :—Eleven, A.M., High Mass—Haydn:
half-past twelve, P.M., first act of a grand concert, with
Alrar s new symphony ; half-past one, heard F. David's
Desert ; four, P.m., Vespers in St. Stephen's ;
five, Quartets ----Haydn, Onslow, and Beethov,T.
at seven, Mozart's Figaro ; at ten, miscellaneous music
by Strauss. No dancing permitted dining Advent. The
cost of this day's splendid bill of fare was the price of a
ticket to David's Desert—two shillings. The perform
ance of this last work was so much better in London.
that I regretted having lost the second act of a sp?endid
concert to hear an interior performance o music with
which I was already so well acquainted. Although
David's music does not satisfy the exigencies of very fas-
tidious critics, yet it finds admirers in every city. The
originality of the theme, the poetical sentiment of the
national melodies, and the novel effect of the "sunrise,"
are fully appreciated. I hear that the second perform-
ance was crowded, and more successful than the first. A
third repetition is also announced. Berlioz has announced
a fourth concert, to consist of his musical illustrations of
Borneo and Giulietta. A grand entertainment is to be
given to Berlioz by the artists of Vienna, at which he
will be presented with a gold baton. Of this very in-
teresting festival you shall have a notice in a few days
hence. I would not omit, on any account, to bear wit-
❑ess to such a gratifying testimonial of noble sentiments
as is promised on this occasion. Let me hope that the
English profession will, for once, give a hearty welcome
to the recipient of honours from their musical brethren
in Vienna, and if he fail to please the million by the ex-
travagances of his muse, let it not be said in after years
that Englishmen alone were too obtuse to comprehend,
and too illiberal to encourage the daring efforts of an
artist that has had the courage to venture out of the
beaten tract of his predecessors.

THE CLUBS OF LONDON.
(From the Patrician.)
The aristocratic combination of our days is a club in
name only, if the word is to be interpreted by what it
was used to signify in its origin, and through a long
course of years up to a very recent period. Formerly
it meant a social meeting of a select few, held at stated
intervals, and at some public tavern, whereas now it has
lost every one of these attributes. Some of these mo-
dern assemblages are exclusively confined to members of
the army and navy, others to university men, others
again to travellers, this to conservatives, and that to
reformers; but in all a certain degree of wealth, and a
certain status in society, seem to be the indispensable
conditions of admission. Then, too, each club has its
own proper mansion built at its own cost, with every
accommodation that luxury can demand, and invention,
bribed to the utmost, can supply. Without, they pre-
sent some of the best specimens of modern architecture;
within, they are palaces for velvet-shod Sybarites. It
would be too great a tax upon the time and patience of
our readers to examine each of these club-houses in de-
tail, and this is the less necessary, as a description of
the features common to all will suffice to give a toler-
ably correct notion of any one of them.
Upon entering the hall or lobby of the club-house,
you find it tenanted by the hall-porter, who is seated at
a desk, and an assistant servant, their business being to
receive messages, answer inquiries, and take care that
no unauthorised persons gain admission. It is their
duty also to take in letters, and keep an account of the
postage; and, for the farther dispatch of this part of the
business, there is a letter-box, into which the various
missives are dropped, and which is only opened upon the
arrival of the carrier from the regular receiving houses.
In many of the clubs two or three liveried lads are kept
in waiting, chiefly for the purpose of conveying messages
from visitors to any of the members. Should the stranger
wish to see his friend, there is a reception-room close to
the hall, where he may wait, provided his appearance
should seem in the eyes of the attendants to justify so
much respect; but the old Roman proverb holds good
here as well as elsewhere,--" Non cuivia contingit adiro
Corinthum," or, according to the fashion of your gar-
ments are the chances of your gaining admission into the
reception-room of a club house. Stulz, Nugee, and
Buckmaster, with their satellites, are the chief granters
of passports into English society; their certificate being
as indispensable in London as the ministerial passport is
to the traveller upon the Continent.
Various doors, opening from the vestibule, lead to the
several apartments upon the ground-floor, each of which
has its pecular object and designation. The first to be
noticed is the morning room, where the members meet
to write letters and read the journals, which in most of
the clubs are taken in with very little choice or restric-
tion, except where a strong party feeling may operate
'to the exclusion of any journal. The Dispakli, fur
instance, would hardly find its way into the morning
room of the Conservative ; but such exceptions are very
rare, and, in general, this matter is conducted with the
utmost liberality. Even stationery is supplied to the
members without stint or limit; and we remember to have
heard of a certain popular author, now deceased, that he
was iu the habit of writing his novels at his club.
The coffee•roorn differs in nothing but its superior
elegance, from the same apartment in any fashionable
tavern. Rows of small tables project from each side,
leaving a wide open space up the middle, for the con-
venience of passing to and fro. These are laid for break-
fasts and luncheons, from a rather late hour in the morn-
ing till four o'clock, when, in stage phrase, the scene is
struck, and the usual arrangements are made for dinner.
Here the member, who may wish to dine, is duly sup-
plied with a carte de four, or, in plain English, with the
daily bill of fare, from which he has the same privilege
of selection that he would have at any tavern, and with
the certainty that whatever he orders will be the best of
its kind, and cooked in the first style of cookery. The
attendants upon him are numerous and well chosen.
First, there is the butler, whose duty it is to provide him
with wine ; next there is the head waiter, whose principal
business is to take care that his assistants promptly
attend to the wants of the feasters, and duly supply
the required dishes, which are vsound up from below by
a sort of side-board called " a lift," very much after the
fashion of that described by Sir Walter Scott in hie
" Peveril of the Peak," where Chiffinch gives the exqui •
site supper to Julian and his companion. Whether the
romance suggested the contrivance to the clubbists, or
the clubbists taught it to the romancer, verily this de-
ponent Faith not, nor is it of much consequence. Lastly,
there is a clerk to make out the bills and keep the
various accounts, who upon some occasions had need to
be quick, both of hand and eye.
Such being the appliances, the member, who intends
dining there, fills up a form of dinner-bill with the dishes
that he has selected from the carte de jour. This is imme-
diately forwarded by the head-waiter in attendance to the
clerk of the kitchen, when the latter marks the established
• price to each dish, adding a charge of sixpence, or in some
clubs, of a shilling, for table-money, the object of
which is to defray the expenses contingent upon bread,
butter, cheese, potatoes, table-ale, and other minor ne-
cessaries of the table. When the bill has been thus
filled up, it is sent back to the coffee-room, and the
butler adds to it his charge for whatever wine may have
been drunk, after which it is handed over to the coffee-
room clerk, who sums it up, and receives the amount
from the member. In this way an excellent dinner, ex-
clusive of the wine, may be had for little more than
half-a-crown, a very moderate outlay, if we consider
taddition
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rtvheedmuepalwiisthn ol
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to this, the member dining at his club is infinitely more
independent than he could be at any tavern ; he has
not to buy the civility of greedy waiters, nor has he to
drink more than is agreeable to himself for the benefit of
the house, as is for the most part expected by superior
tavern 'keepers. Then, too, he may have company, or
be alone, at his option, an advantage beyond all price,
and which he cannot command in any public coffee-
room. To carry out this arrangement, a dining-room is
provided on the ground-floor, wherein from six to a
dozen members may dine together, precisely as they
would do at the private house of any one of them, and
with every chance of having a much better dinner with-
out the trouble or expense. The affair is thus managed
—printed forms are left in the coffee-room, to which
those who choose to join the house-dinner, as it is
called, subscribe their names, but in this case no allow-
ance is made for the Aberdeen man's privilege of
" taking his word again ;" whoever once puts his name
to this prandatory requisition, may indeed choose whe-
ther he will, after all, dine there or not, but in any case
he must pay his share of the reckoning, which in
general amounts to about seven and sixpence a head.
These dinners, however, do not take place unless at least
six, and in some clubs eight, members have announced
their purpose of joining in them.
We now ascend the stairs, and come into the drawing-
room. This is for the most part elegantly, nay, superbly
furnished, but it is thinly tenanted, for what is a drawing-
room without ladies? It is their peculiar domain, and
the few congregated in their lonely palace seem like so
many mourning widowers. Things look much better in
the library that is next to it. There coat and waistcoat
seem to he in their proper element again, and the expen-
slitare, which is so lavish, is no more than what is right
and proper. A resident librarian is in attendance, every
accommodation being afforded to the reader, and we may
form a pretty correct average of the resources at his
command, when we hear that in 1844 the books in the
Athenaeum amounted to twenty thousand three hun-
lred, the accumulated result of donations, and of a fund
let apart for that purpose. In the club just named this
sum is said to be five hundred pounds annually, exclu-
give of the money devoted to periodicals.
A card-room stands in some houses next to the
library, but games of pure chance are forbidden under
Fain of expulsion, and even at whist no stake is allowed
oeyond half-guinea points.
We must now ascend to the third story, where we
"hall find one billiard-room, if not more, attended by a
marker. For this, as well as for cards, a separate charge
is made, upon the very obvious and rational ground that
it would be unfair to make the non-player pay for the
extra expenses entailed by this part of the establish-
ment. Twelve of the clubs allow smoking-rooms, which
are, as they ought to be, tke worst-looking part of the
whole building.
So complicated a machine as a club of this kind, it
will be easily supposed, must require some management
to keep it in order and motion. For this purpose it
is usual to confide the direction of affairs to a com-
mittee of thirty or forty, as the case may be, selected
from the general body. Of these from three to eight
form a quorum, which meets once a week to regulate
matters of finance, to appoint tradespeople, to engage or
dismiss servants, to inquire into and redress any com-
plaints that may be made by members, and to superintend
all new elections. The general committee has duties
scarcely less onerous ; it has to prepare the annual re-
ports and statements of account, which are afterwards
printed for the satisfaction of those belonging to the
club, who may like to look into affairs. But these duties
have been found too numerous and too heavy for any
one set of men, acting in a body, to discharge them.
The general committee therefore divides itself into
various sub-committees, each having its own especial
business to attend to. Thus the " house-
committee " takes upon itself the charge of
household affairs ; the " book committee " manages
the library, all works being approved by it before
they can be admitted, and from the same source must
emanate the orders for their purchase ; the " wine
committee" choose the wines, superintends the cellarage,
end directs the distribution at table ; it is composed of
sage and experienced bibbers, men well versed in all
vinous mysteries, and as little liable to be imposed upon
in these grave matters, as any one of the tasters at the
London Docks. In these clubs which have billiard-
ro .ms—and this is universally the case—there is also a
billiard committee, consisting of those who are most
skilful in the mysteries of the game. A secretary is
appointed to assist these various boards, one of his
duties being to conduct the official correspondence of
the club. The minor details are carried on by
servants, the chief of whom is the " house steward,"
and he regulates the rest of the domestics ; in some
clubs he is helped by a " superintendent," who in
that case has the care of the drawing-room floor, it being
his business to see that the writing and reading-rooms are
properly supplied with stationery. The chief cook is
generally a foreigner, of eminence in the culinary art,
and he has for helps one melts assistant and a troop of
kitchen-maids. Next to him must be ranked the house-
keeper, who has under her superintendence all the in-
visible fetnales of the establishment, respectively offici-
ating as housemaids, a needle-woman, and a still- room
maid, whose duty it is to make the tea and coffee. Taking
the Reform Club and the Garrick, with the Naval Club,
two extremes, we shall find that the number of domestics
varies from fifty-six to eleven, but most of these
establishments subscribe to some hospital, either in
money or in kind—such as old linen, Sec.—that their
servants may by received into them in cases of chronic
or prolonged diseases. Where the ailment is of a tem-
porary nature, a medical man, in the pay of the club,
attends, and also supplies medicines. The broken victuals
are distributed to the poor, under the direutiou of the

parish authorities, and this may be reckoned amongst
the greatest of the benefits conferred by such institutions
on society at large.
Such is the modern club, a sort of private restaura-
teur's, with the advantages of good wine, good food,
respectful 'Attendance, and moderate prices. Much has
been said of the disadvantawa attendant upon them ;
but as all of them, being twenty-two in number, are
quite full, and in some instances with theusands of ex-
pectant candidates on the list, it seems quite plain that
their utility or their agreeableness must fully counter-
balance anything that can be said against them. Their
names are as follows :
White's. These are the oldest of the modern clubs
Brook's. of London. White's is referred to by
Boodle's. Addison.
The Union.
Alfred.

Arthur's.
Senior United Service.

Junior United Service.

The Army and Navy.
Travellers.
Oriental.
Carlton.

rThese two club- houses, in magnificence
Reform, of architecture, splendour of deeora-
tions, and sumptuous style of furni-
ture surpass all the public buildings
Conservative.
of
London.:
- -

Athenaeum.
Senior University.
Oxford and Cambridge.
Wyndham.
Parthenon.
Ereethmum.
Garrick.
The Law.
Of those that have had their dny of fashion and popu-
larity, but exist no longer, we may mention the Cocoa
Tree, Graham's, Wateirs' (the favourite resort of the
Prince of Wales), the Albion (dissolved in 1841), and
the Clarence.

The mode of admission is by ballot. In some, one
negative in ten excludes the candidate; in others, a
single black ball is sufficient—the most absurd of all
regulations. The admission fee varies from its highest
point of 32/. Ils. to five meetings, while the annual sub-
scription is in most clubs six guineas, in the lowest
five; and in none does it go beyond ten.

IRELAND.
COUNTY TIPPERARY.
ATTACK ON MR. PRENDERGAST'S GATE-1311E1'ER,—
Dn the night of the 16th inst., about the hour of seven
o'clock, a party of armed men, six in number, went to
the gate-house of Johnstown Park, the residence of
Thomas Guy Prendergast, Esq., and having entered the
gate-house, they attacked his sportsman, Thomas Con-
sedine, and his wife, demanding arms. Consedine
immediately rushed towards the room where the gun
was, upon which, one of the party trade a blow at him;
on putting up his hand to defend himself, the fellow
smashed his arm iu two. The wife took up a chair and
struck the fellow who kuocked her husband down.
Consedine, notwithstanding his being disabled, made for
the'room where the gun was, when the fellows decamped,
and, with it resting on the shattered arm, he contrived to
fire after them in the direction they took.
CAPTURE OW A ROCKITE PATROLE.—On Sunday
night last, about the hour of eleven o'clock, as constable
Raymond and a party of five police were on patrol in the
neighbourhood of Lisbunny, they lay concealed in am-
bush in the fields ; they heard a trampling on the road,
as if by a military or police force, and, having stealthily
come upon the party, which consisted of five men, they
captured the fellows, and brouy;ht them into Nenagh
gaol. On the person of one of them was found a loaded
butt, on another a bayonet. One of the fellows had the
mark of a recent bayonet wound in his breast, which was
still bleeding.
CAPTURE OF THE THREATENING NOTICE SERVER.—
A fellow of the name of Mackey has been arrested and
committed to gaol, charged with having twice gone to
the house of a farmer named Bryan Touhy, in Carriga-
toher, near'Nenagh, and cautioned him not to plough his
land, which he was in the act of sending horses into for
the purpose,on pain of death.Touhy has been in possession
of the land for many years, and had actuallyrurchaseci
the interest of Mackey's in the land before he entered
into possession.
On the 17th instant head-constable Charles Browne
received information that some bad characters were at
work at Tooniavara•' he went into a public-house and
found a fellow.named Kennelly in the act of writing a
threatening notice, and on searching him found in his
pocket a quantity of gun caps.
During the past week several shots were fired on the
lands of Carrigatoher, near this town.—Nenagh Guar-
dian.

Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence has left town on a
visit to the Marquis of Anglesea, at Beaudesert.
The infirmary at Salisbury was threatened with
destruction by fire, on Thursday. The flames were first ob-
served in the laundry, but by prompt attention they were
extinguished before much injury was done.
At Alarylebone Police- court, on Saturday, Mr.
John Watson, a retired tradesman, possessing large property,
and who for some time past has resided in New Church-
street, Portman-market, was committed for trial, charged
with having committed an assault of a grossly indecent
nature upon Lydia Crickmore, only twelve and a half years
old, in Paddington churchyard. The accused is upwards of
sixty years of age.
ARRIVAL OF TIER OVERLAND MAIL.—We are en-
abled to-day, by means of an extraordinary express, of un-
exampled
,rapidity, to lay before our readers the information
brought by ,the:Overland•Mail, from Bombay, to the Ist De-
cember, which reached us at an early hour last evening, and
which but for the extremely boisterous state of the weather
would have arrived in London on the evening of the 24th.
Great efforts having lately been made to prove that the route
through Germany via Trieste, or Venice, was more expeditious
than the route through France via Marseilles, and the expe-
rience we had gained in expressing our Indian dispatches
having fully convinced us that if the same exertions were
made to expedite our courier through France as Mr. Waghorn
made in his late attempt, the result would incontestibly prove
that the route via Marseilles was much the shortest, not to
speak of the great advantages it possesses over the Trieste
route in other respects (the latter route being impracticable
when snow is on the ground), we determined, notwithstand-
ing the unfavourable period of the year fur its performance,
upon undertaking the present experiment ; and, in despite of
the very severe weather that has lately prevailed, we have
succeeded in our endeavours to lay before the British public
information from India,' conveyed overland, in a shorter time
than was ever befo're accomplished. For the success we have
achieved we are in a great measure indebted to the assistance
we have received from the French Government, who, upon
learning our intentions, at once sent instructions to the
proper French authorities to expedite our couriers as much as
possible, and offered to help us in any way we could suggest.
For the assistance we have thus derived, we beg publicly to
thank the French authorities; and we cannot help adding,
that the French Government, so far from wishing to place
obstructions in the way of expediting the English
mails through France have evinced the greatest possible
anxiety to assist us in this important undertaking. Having
said thus much in acknowledgment of the great aid we have
received from the French authorities, we are bound to add,
that we are much indebted to the Egyptian Government,
ned thanks. The dates
possible manner, and to
whomwhoas swi set cad,
so tre
na(gi
eern t
our
uirn
ueivi
feeriyg
brought by this conveyance are :—Bombay, Dec. 1; Cal-
s utia later ina
,Noy.ter
than reached2l;Marl Madras, tier.
us by
22. There is nothing from
L hthe
last
mail.
The news
from India is highly important. The prospect of a
collision between the British and Sikh troops was
becoming every day more imminent. The latter had
already commenced their march towards the Sutlej, with
the view of repelling the anticipated aggression. Meantime,
strong measures of defence had been adopted at Ferozepore,
and as Sir Henry Hardit.ge has upwards of 50,000 troops at
his disposal, any attempt on the part of the enemy to pre-
cipitate hostilities can hardly fail to be attended by their
overwhelming defeat. The Sikh army had been arranged in
three divisions; one commanded by Sirdar Tej Singh (the
late Governor of Peshawur), another by Raja Lall Singh,
and s third by Sirdar Jewun Singh. The affairs of the
Gove:nment continued to be administered by the Ranee.
Ghoolab Singh was still at Jamoo. Shide was perfectly:quiet,
and the troops generally healthy. For the rest we must be
content to refer our readers to the copious extracts from the
Indian papers which will be found elsewhere.—Herald.
SERIOUS FIRE NEAR KENNINGTON-COMMON— On
Sunday evening between ten and eleven o'clock, a fire, which
was distinctly seen from the metropolitan bridge; was dis-
covered by the policeman on the beat, burning in the lower
part oft kiLliabling and store-houses belonging to Mr.
Carter, chandler, of Clayton-place, Kennington-lane.
The premises, whick, happily, were detached, were situate in
South-place, Kennington Common, not many yards from the
extensive vitrol manufactory of Messrs. Farmer and Co.
Immediately upon the discovery of the outbreak information
of the occurrence was forwarded by the police to the several
stations of the fire brigade, and in a very short time engines
from Southwark-bridge-road, Tooley-street, Watling-street,
and other stations of the London Fire Engine Establisinent„
arrived, under the superintendence of Mr. Braidwood and
the immediate direction of Mr. Henderson, the foreman of
the Borough branch of the brigade. The West of England
engine, with Mr. Connorton and the Company's firemen, was
also promptly at the scene. Water being readily obtained,
the engines were set to work; but from the quantity of hay,
straw, Sic., in the building, the fire became so intense that it
was not possible to save either the stabling or the contents of
the lofts above it. Two valuable horses were also burnt; for,
notwithstanding ever) device which humanity could suggest
was put into requisition, to drag the unfortunate animals
from their perilous position, they clung to their stalls, and
thus perished in the flames. Fortunately, from the prompt
arrival of the engines, and the ready flow of water front the
Lambeth and Vauxhall mains, the 'fire was prevented from
extending beyond the building in which it originated.
DEATH fROSt DELIRIUM TREMENS.—Mr. Wakley,
M.P., held an inquest at the Windsor Castle, Abbey-street,
Regent's Park, on the body of Joseph hardy, aged thirty-
five, a butler, lately in the service of J. Romer, Esq., of 10,
Cambridge-terrace, Regent's Park. Mrs. Ann M`Stay, of
No. 1, Ernest-street, said deceased had lodged but for a
short time in that house, the landlady of which
(Mrs Nichols)
asked her to sit up with him on Tuesday night last. Wit-
.
ness did so, and at first found him stupified and delirious.
At times he was sensible, and told her he had taken nearly a
wine glass full of laudanum. She asked him why ? and he
replied, " I was out of my mind, and I hope the Lord will for-
give me for it.* He freely took the medicines prescribed for
him, and said," I wish to live, in order to repent." He died
on Christmas-day, between two and three o'clock. Mr.
John Wilson, surgeon, of Albany-street, said he had attended
him from the Tuesday evening till his death. He had ejected
from his stomach the laudanum, and he laboured under de-
lirium tremens, produced by excessive drinking. He con-
fessed to have taken the laudanum, but said he was not
aware of what he was doing at the time. He died of the
disease of the brain called delirium tremens, combined with '
the effects oflaudanum. The Coroner said, that since he had
been in office the large number of gentlemen's butlers whose
deaths resulted from suicidal acts was astonishing. Verdict,
" That deceased died of delirium tremens, after an attempt at
suicide."

YORE" SATURDAY, DECEMBER, 27.—Considerable
business has been transacted again to-day, notwithstanding
our Exchange remains closed. There were more buyers
than sellers in the market, and the business done was at a
further ad-ranee in prices. The principal transactions were
in York Exteujions, at 3014; Berwicks, 15; North British,
Carlisle Brandb, 2% to 4; Grand Union, 134 ; Manchester,
Buxton, and Matlock, -43 i ; Welsh Midland, 2. Newcastle
and Darlingtons were in demanclybut no sellers. Brandliogs
were of erect at 5514, but afterwards withdrawn,

CONDITION OF THE METRO-
POLITAN PRISONS.
The governors of the metropolitan prisons have just
made their annual report, the details of which will be
found to off-r many matters of great importance and
interest, inasmuch as they show the capacity of the
several prisons, the number of prisoners who have been
committed to their walls, their diet, the mode of their
treatment, and a variety of other particulars, which can-
not fail to attract the attention of the public.
THE HOUSE OF CORRECTION.
This prison is capable of containing, in separate cells,
as many as 529, whilst the whole accommodation it
affords is to the extent of 1.150 beyond that number.
These latter are compelled, however, to sleep more than
one in a cell. (The report is accompanied by a note to
the effect that 1,150 are returned, in order to show the
number for which proper accommodation can be found,
but as the numbers fluctuate, frequently exceeding 1,200,
and once having reached 1,350, the utmost capability of
the prison can hardly be defined, as room must, by some
arrangement, be found fur that or even a greater number
if committed).
The number of prisoners who were in confinement in
this prison at the date of the report was 947, whilst at
the corresponding period in the last year the number
amounted to 1,068. Out of the present number of 947,
there were 364 males and 163 females, all of whom
had been committed for felony. There were then 304
male and 116 female misdemeanants. The number of
prisoners who were committed for trial during the
twelve months was 7,293. The number of prisoners
who had been tried was—males 48, females
188. The number of those who had not undergone
any trial, but who had been summarily convicted, was
250 males and 91 females. The number of prisoners
who were above sixteen years of age, was 632 males and
272 females, and the number who had not attained that
age was 36 males and 7 females. Out of the whole
number who had been sent to the House of Correction
during the last year, 1,336 had been committed to that
prison once previously, 636 twice, 226 three times, and
580 had been committed feur times and upwards. With
regard to the nature of the employment the prisoners
were submitted to, it appears that 806 had been kept to
bard labour, 122 to occupations not falling within the
denomination of hard labour, and 19 had not been put
to any kind of employment. In the course of the
year there had been as many as 907 cases of sick-
ness, the greatest number who were ill at one and
the same time being 54. The deaths amounted to
3 during the year. The officers of the establishment
amounted to 96 men and 39 women. With respect to
the dietary, the report says,' All the prisoners who are
above 16 years of age, whose term of imprisonment ex-
ceed three months, have twenty ounces of bread daily,
one pint of gruel daily for breakfast, six ounces of meat
and one pint of soup, alternately, excepting Monday,
when they have, in addition to the six ounces of meat,
half a pound of potatoes for dinner. Prisoners above
16 years of age, whose period does not exceed three
months, have twenty ounces of bread daily, one pint of
gruel for breakfast, six ounces of meat, and one pint of
soup each, twice a week, and one pint of gruel three
times a week for dinner. Prisoners under 16 years of age,
whose period exceed three months, have twenty ounces of
bread daily ; if less than three months, sixteen ounces of
bread daily, one pint ofgruel daily for breakfast, six ounces
of meat on Thursdays, one pint of soup on Sundays,
one pint of gruel five times a week for dinner. Fe-
male prisoners of all ages, whose perioe does not ex-
ceed three months, have sixteen ounces of bread daily.
All prisoners have half-a-pint of gruel as an extra
evening meal, and those who have been confined up-
wards of three months have six ounces of meat and
half a pound of potatoes on Monday for dinner. The
average coat per head is two shillings and a penny three
farthings. The employment and hard labour to which
the prisoners are subjected is the treadwheel, picking
oakum, painting, or whitewashing the prison, labour
in the grounds, mat, rug, and shoemaking, also such
other handicrafts as are necessary for the service of
the place ; needlework, knitting, and washing in the
female wards. The average hours of labour do not ex-
ceed eight hours daily. The chaplain reads prayers daily
in two chapels, accompanied by Scripture expositions :
and on the Sunday he performs two full services, and
delivers a sermon to the males and to the females, and
catechises the youthful prisoners ( very week in the
chapels. He also visits the prisoners in their cells. Books
and tracts are supplied to the prisoners at the expense
of the county, or of their respective friends, and are dis-
tributed under the superintendence of the chaplain, or in
some cases by the goverisor, or by the direction of the
visiting Justices. Bibles and prayer-books are likewise
distributed. Schools are also maintained fur the juvenile
inmates of the prison : whilst in every case, where an
adult prisoner, who cannot read, intimates a desire to
learn, he or she is placed in the school, provided the
term of imprisonment be such as to render such instruc-
tion effectually beneficial." In concluding his report,
the Governor thus expresses himself, " Silence, day and
night, is itself ordered to be enforced, and all unautho
rised communications between the prisoners, on being
reported, is visited with certain punishment. The total
number of commitments falls short of those of last year
by 1,453; and the total proportionate number of punish-
ments is less by 69. The same determination is still ob-
servable amongst low criminals wilfully to infringe the
rules, apparently by mutual compact out of doors, but
all are ultimately compelled to submit. The following
is a description of the punishments and their number
during the last year:—For neglect of work, 598; for
noise, talking, insolence, and bad language, 5,015 ;
various acts of disobedience or disorder, 3,880 ; total,
involving stoppage of food, 9,493 ; three-fourths of
which mainly consisted of the stoppage of a meal or part
thereof. During the past year 763 prisoners have been
put into cells without work ; 10,256, besides 33 whip-
pings (23 of which were with the birch rod, and are
found effectual in repressing audacious and refractory
behaviour which other modes of punishment have failed
to correct), is the total punishments within the like
period. The daily average number of prisoners was
893, and the daily average of punishments was three and
one-eight per cent."
THE WESTMINSTER BRIDEWELL.
The governor of this prison, in his report, states that
the number of prisoners which were in the Westminster
Bridewell, was 564; whilst the number at the corre-
sponding period last year was 440. Of this number,
167 were males, and 32 female felons. The number of
misdemeanants was 236 males, and 129 females. The
number of prisoners who had been committed to that
gaol during the last twelve months was 7,374. The
number who had been tried was 189 males and 34 fe-
males; whilst the number that had not been tried was 214
males and 127 females. The number of prisoners who
were above sixteen years of age was 486, of whom 34.2
were males and 144 were females. The number of pri-
soners who had not arrived at that age was 78; namely,
61 males and 17 females. The greatest number of pri-
swoanse6r s2lw. h oThhaedn
nbnie ehne r i
of tphr s
oprison w
haot
haandy
hoeneen period
com-
mitted before was-1,159 once, 520 twice, 210 three
times, and 12,841 four times and upwards. Under the
head of employment and hard labour, it is stated that
359 had been kept at hard labour, 106 were not
put to hard labour, whilst there were as many
as 99 who had not been placed to any kind of
tnip!oyment. In the course of the year there had
been as many as 3,829 cases of casual sickness, and
104 cases fur the infirmary, making a total of 5,933 cases
during the )(air. The greatest number of sick at any
one time had been 12, whilst the total number of
deaths in the year was 7. The punishments for this
period Lad been—whippings, 4; in irons and handcuffs,
18; in solitary confinement 560 ; and other
punishments 11,322. The report then went
on to say that this prison is now a house of cor-
rection, but that a portion of it is appropriated to the
purposes of a common gaol for the county, pending the
demolition and rebuilding of the New Prison at Clerken-
well. With respect to the diet in this prison, the report
contains three tables, each respectively applicable to the
three different classes of prisoners. The prisoners in
this as in the House of Correction, Cold Bathfields, are
subjected to useful, as well as furnishing, employment.
The males are put on the treadwheel, to picking
oakum and coir, and to repairing what are termed county
shoes and clothing, to gardening, and various other
works in the prison. The females are made to pick
oakum and coir, to knit, to wash, and to repair and
make the county clothing. The hours of labour are in
the summer from half-past six in the morning until half-
past five in the afternoon, which period is diminished as
the winter approaches and advances. The maximum
of labour, including the time allowed for attend-
ance in chapel, at meals, and for exercise, is about
eight-and-a-half hours per diem. The duties of the
chaplain are nearly the same in this as in the House
of Correction, of which a description has been given
above. The punishments in this prison are separate
confinement, with bread and water diet, for several
sfliluegngceinga.nd th
periods not exceeding three days. Occasionally hand-
cuffing and placing in a dark cell; extra work, and in
the
Punishmentprisprison
rules,
e s ,
neglect administered
of
work, dirty conduct, damaging the clothing or other
county property, theft, profane and indecent language,
and general refractory and violent conduct. The re-
portoHnl
yedoseendnos
ofntooor
ctfooebdcss.
observe the
ee`
t't
chi tooehnnasyttiirset;hct
strictest
disciplinesstfsai
prisonerser an see:
ares
and
onpafdtr
st
athekl)ei
be obedient and respectful to the officers over them.
The punishment fur any breach of these rules is con-
formable to the Act of Parliament. The boys under
examination and bail have occasionally a small portion
of oakum to pick, rather than they should be continued
in idleness."—N.B. This prison affords ample accom-
modation, with alterations, for a much larger number
than is shown by the first.
ttpji forrmcias obs extremel
nreteeh,
oaseamirhmi
aecgast cases,
o

THE NEW PRISON, CLERKENWELL.
This prison, as must be well known, has been pulled
down for the purpose of erecting one which shall
be really available, and supply the actual re-
quirements of the county. It has hitherto been
applied to the object of constituting a gaol,
to which untried prisoners are sent for safe custody.
The prison, however, was not razed until the 12th of Sep-
tember last, and therefore it fairly comes within the scope
of this notice. The prison contained 165 separate sleeping
cells, and would accommodate 313 prisoners when more
than one slept in one cell. The number of prisoners
who had beers committed to this prison in the
twelve months, ending the 13." th of September, was
4,646, whilst the greatest number of prisoners that had
been in confinement within its weals at one period had
been 262. Of the number of prisoners who had been
received into this gaol during the time specified,
363 had been previously committed once, 122 twice,
43 three times, and 72 four times. The increase
of 376 in the number committed, and of ninety-
four discharged at the gaol deliveries in the year
(from Michaelmas, 1844), was .accounted for by the
commitment of 1,835 prisoners for trial for larceny,
under the operation of the Act of 7th and Bth Vic.,
c. 71, for the better admiraistration of criminal justice in
the county of Middiese-z, The prison having been duly
presented in •1844 r nsufficiept to; gurpoepes re-
.. ,•

quired, was, by order of the proper authority, closed on
the 12th of September, 1845, for the purpose of being
taken down and rebuilt.

POLIC E INTELLIGEN CE.
MANSit IV-11 OUS E.
Mr. (lorry, of the Central Criminal Court Bar, ap-
peared, upon the part of the proprietors of a paper called
Bradshaw's Railway Gazette, to represent certain mat-
ters connected with what was designated the Great
European Railroad Company. He did not, he said,
mean to apply for a summons, or for any formal legal
proceeding, as anything of that description could not be
quick enough to overtake the mischief of which he com-
plained, and to which the public are subjected by the
attempt to commit an enormous European imposition.
As notice had been duly served upon the parties to whom
he referred, he should speak, most unreservedly, on the
merits of the question. The proprietors of the com-
pany had been advertised in several newspapers, but the
shares, if ever any appeared, were never quoted any-
where except in the Iron Times. Amongst the papers
in which the advertisement was published was the Times,
and that establishment waai, he had no doubt, paid for the
insertion ; but Bradshaw's Railway Gazette had never
received one farthing, and it was in the vain attempt to
obtain payment that the whole affair was found to have
nothing like a bona fide foundation, although the pro-
jectors professed their object to be to bring out railways
all over the world, especially in that tract which ap-
peared under the head of Europe. The necessity for
inquiry having most unequivocally exhibited itself by
the refusal to liquidate the just demand, application
was made to tne office in St. Helen's-place, where the
messenger was informed that it was necessary to write
to the secretary upon the subject. A letter was ac-
cordingly written to Mr. Edmund Smith, who called at
the office of the Railway Gazette, with the information
that the letter had been laid before the Board.
The LORD MAYOR—Who is Mr. Edward Smith ?
Mr. Adams, who was stated by Mr. Horry to be in the
employment of Mr. Bradshaw, the proprietor of the
Railway Gazette, stated that Mr. Smith was the secre-
tary to the company.
The LORD MAYOR—Where does he come from ?
Mr. Adams—Nobody knows.
Mr. Horry proceeded—lnquiry was made at the Re-
gistrar-office, and it was there stated that the only per-
son registered for this great European Railroad Com-
pany was Mr. Edmund Smith, gentleman, of Great
Queen-street, Lincoln's Inn-fields.
•Mr. Adams—That Mr. Smith constitutes the board
and the officers of the company in his own person.
Mr. Horry said a promise had been for a considerable
time held out that the names of the provisional commi-
tee should be published, but it never appeared that there
ever was such a character in the company as a provi-
sional committeeman, or a solicitor, or a banker ; and
the project a as utterly unknown on the Stock Exchange.
The Loam MAYOR—But how can it be said that any
fraud has been practised ? I cannot see how. Have
they received money for shares ?
Mr. Horry— In all probability they have, but I cannot
stay positively. The Times newspaper, •no doubt, would
not insert the advertisement without the money, so that
the inference is, that shares have been paid for ; but the
project does not appear in any of the authorised lists of
the Stock Exchange. Notwithstanding that, nothing
can be heard of the company. The Iron Times quotes
the shares at a premium, the inference from which is that
an attempt is being made to give them a fictitious value
for the purpose of obtaining purchasers. It is proper to
observe, that Mr. Adams, after having repeatedly called
at the office for payment of the demand, which amounted
to 2.51.. was surprised at his first visit upon seeing posted
upon the door his own name, under the designation of a
bankrupt who failed in 1832.—(A laugh.) Now, he never
in his life had been a bankrupt, so that it was quite evi-
dent that the notice was intended to show to what the
parties were disposed, in order to check the importunity
of claimants.
Mr. Adams—l went to Mr. Groom, the official as-
signee, and asked him whether I was the person meant
in the notice, and he said, "Certainly not ; the person
meant is dead."
The LORD MAYOR—Have you given notice to the
proprietors of the lion Times to attend here ? Mr.
Horry—No, my Lord.
The LORD MAYOR—Perhaps they can give you some
information about this company. You certainly ought
to have sent intimation to them of what you intended
to do. No doubt they will inform you as far as they
are able.
Mr. HOARY—We shall adopt your Lordship's sugges-
tion, by all means. We gave to the company distinct
notice of what we meant to do, and they have not ap-
peared.
Here Mr. Edmund Smith, who had been near the
witness-box all the time, requested to be heard. He
was, he said, the Mr. Smith alluded to by Mr. Horry,
who had,come.forward, charged with a monstrous batch
of falsehoods against the Great European Railway Coen-
pany. He (Mr. Smith) was the private secretary to the
promoters of the company, and his was the only regis-
tered name for the company, which was not likely to
suffer from that circumstance, andalthough he was not a
professional man, he could clearly show into what errors
the Learned Counsel, who was so unworthily engaged
in this case, had fallen. He wished to be cautious in
the language he used before the Chief Magistrate of
the first city in the world, but he must say that a more
thorough-born ruffian than had come forward to sub-
stantiate a complaint against respectable men, from
whom he bad endeavoured to extort money, never be-
fore appeared.—(A laugh.) It was false to insinuate
that the company were without funds, or had raised
funds bye improper means. It was false to say that
there was no provisional committee ; and all the other
assertions made to the prejudice of the gentlemen en-
gaged in thecompany were equally without foundation, and
the offspring of a spirit of intimidation and unjust exac-
tion. The collector of Mr. Bradshaw had called at the
office with an unjust demand. To pay the sum of
20,0001. was with them a matter of no difficulty ; but
they were determined to pay none but just demands.
They had very recently paid 2,0001., and they were ready to
liquidate every farthing for which they were, in fact or
in honour, responsible. But it had been said that there
was no provisional committee. He had the list in his
hand, and he would show it to the Lard Mayor, but
neither Mr. Ilorry nor Mr. Adams should see it, for he
knew that the respectable names in it would be handed
over to unfair applicants for money, and subjected to
litigation by lawyers who derived advantage from harass
in gentlemen. The Lord Mayor would know a great
many in that list, which contained names of great landed
proprietors, esquires, baronets, aldermen—(Laughter)—
lieutenants, and deputy-lieutenants of counties, clergy-
men, magistrates, and officers in the army and navy, and
directors of the East India Company. ik more respec•
table provisional committee could not in fact by any
possibility be formed, but then they would not tolerate
any extortionate demand.
Mr. Horry—Mr. Adams will abandon the account alto-
gether if you prove that you have a re pectable provi-
sional committee. It is not by the production of a private
paper to the Lard Mayor that you can prove a fact of
this description.
The LORD MAYOR (to Mr. Horry)—Why, if Mr.
Bradshaw or Mr. Adams hare this claim, an not law
proceedings commenced ? It appears that there are
funds.
Mr. Adams.—lt is not worth the trouble. There is
no use in going into a court of law. lam the publisher
of Mr. Bradshaw's paper, an we bad the order from
Mr. Smith to insert the advertisement.
Mr. Horry—lf you are satisfied that it is a bona fide
provisional committee, we shall throw up the 25/.
The LORD MAYOR—WeII, it is a mere matter of
doubt, and a remedy is to be feund, if the claim be just,
in the Mayor's Court, in. which I have been told there is
a greater quantity of business since I advised that alterna-
tive than has ever before been known.
Mr. Smith—To show the bona file nature of the com-
pany, the provisional committee of which it is considered
-necessary for obvious reasons to keep private at present,
we are ready to defend any action if the payment of the
costs on the other side be secured. If Mr. Bradshaw
will pay down 1001. into the hands of the Lord Mayor,
or any other gentleman, wo shall do the same, and we
shall defend the action.
The LORD MAYOR—I shall have nothing to do with
it.—(A laugh.)
Mr. 'lorry (to Mr. Smith)—ls your company regis-
tered ?
Mr. Smith—Provisionally it is.
Mr. Horry—Ay, but by you alone?
Mr. Smith—By me alone. There was policy in that.
Mr Horry—No doubt of that at all.
Mr. Smith—There was, for while every fellow of the
profession is running about hunting up actions upon
every complaint, I do not chose to expose those by
whom lam employed to all such annoyance. It is our
intention to submit this demand to one of the protection
societies which have been established, but I am willing
to submit the case to three newspaper proprietors, and
if two of them decide against us, the demand shall be
paid

Mr. Adams had no more faith in the company at the
end then at the commencement of the case, and declined
to hazard any money in an experiment which appeared
to him to be not more substantial than the dream of a
shadow.

The LORD MAYOR repeated that the complainant had
acted injudiciously and uncandidly, in not applying to
the proprietors of the Iron Times before he applied at
the Mansion-house, and he stated, upon looking over
the paper handed to him by Mr. Smith as a list of the
provisional committee of the Great European Railway
Company, that it certainly abounded with highly
respectable names, and that many of the gentlemen
describKl were his intimate friends.
It may not be amiss to observe that the Great
European Railway Company has for a considerable
length of time, and even during the panic, been con-
stantly advertised in a number of newspapers, and that
from the first it excited the greatest surprise and laughter
on account of its glaring impractibility.
The Lord Mayor received the second half of a 5/.
note, c mtributed by Z. A., and 21. from A. 8., and 11.
from C. B. for the poor-box.
r.:.7.7°,11,4111,8 ORO UGII-STREET.
Joseph Pemberton and George Dickenson, young men, were
charged with robbing their employer, Mr. *George William
Jones, of No. 101, Oxford-street, furrier, tinder the following
circumstances. The prosecntor had the prisoners, and other
young men, in his service as porters. On Saturday morn-
ing W. in gold and silver were missed from a desk in the
shop, to which the prisoners and the other porters had access
at an early hour in the morning to set the
place in order. On the discovery of the robbery
the prisoners were taxed with being concerned
in it. They denied it, but in the course of the day the pri-
soner Dickenson made a confession to the prosecutor of his
having seen Pemberton take something from out of the desk,
and that Pemberton had afterwards admitted to him that he
had only taken 30s. The prosecutor accompanied Dickenson
to his lodgings, No. 16, Welbeck-mews, Welbeck-street,
Marylebone, and found in the possession of his wife, a boa of
the value of 305., which answered the description of one
stolen from his stock since July last.
Mr. MALTBY asked the prisoner Pemberton lOW he bad
to say in answer to the charge against him?