The Sun.
London, England, 1817-09-26 00:00:00

PROVINCIAL JOURNALS.

• Tbi follovring judicious observations ap'neari-d
on, the first'ofthe present Month in The Libnimro
Evening Courant, but an influx of matter pre-
vented out insertion of. it before this day. It is
• . . •
highly gratifying reflect on the advan-
. 'ages hat. the people at- large must derive from
those PnbllcjoUrnais %;liich inculcate sonar!
pritt-
,eiples, facts without adulteration,
and :,firuily. support the,interests and Cons: tltion
.••. ' . , '
of the Confitry. The Edinburgh Ereilinft- Courant
has lon;, been' Conspicnous among. thes-e5
cintslittuional, and truly patriotic Journals, and
it:11'111st give pleasure to all good subjects to know
that tlic.re is so excelkot a Journal in the second
#etroptilis of this great Empire. The imtnediate
PretjecessOr of the' present Proprietor was a' man
of exemplary good sense, 'knowledge, and probity.
k • ,• . • 1 •
He wail ,not a passive slave of Government, but
acted from his own long experience- and. sense of
right, and his liberal feelingi and enlightened judg.
• ; I In•
meta
.always directed him to .cite proper
,Course.
We feel no slight pleasure .sin observing, that his
Successor follows' the same 'laudable career of
public spirit., and., genuine patriotism, and there-
fore the high Chtiracter -and extensive circulation
of his Journal nius' t be considered as the natural
and rtneritra result 'of the Soundness of his prin-
ciples, and the ability, knowledge, and persever-
ance which be displays in supporting the true
in-
terests of his country

GENERAL VIEW OF THE CREDIT AND COMMERCE
---- OF THE COUNTRY.
'There can be no doubt that the commerce of
this country, -along with that of the world at
large, has for some years past been exposed to
serious derangethent ; and the consequences aris-
ing from this state of things 'have. been severely
felt by all those whose livelihood depended in any
degree on the 'ancient state of Commertial rela-
tions existing in Europe. The merchant-has beers
ruined by the want of a market for his gititelik, and
the mechanic has been exposed to suffer Worn the
want of a market for his industry,' while;:- in the
course of this disastrous period, the price of pro-
visions has fluctuated between the oppOSite ex-
tremes of extraordinary cheapness and extraordi-
nary dearth. - •

All the et its to which the ittbourer wavformer-

ly exposed wt re necessarily aggravated 41 the
'scarcity of subsistence, while rem:dog plenty
brought not with it tall the aII
eV,Jt.tril of his
un-
happy condition which might base been expected,
for the cheapness of provisions was of little avail
to him while he was without employment, and
without the meahs, therefore, of purchasing a suf-
ficient quantify- of subsistence, at however re-
duced a rate. For some time past, however, the
country has been recovering from this extraordi-
nary depression ; some Civourable symptoms in
its condition are now perceptible. Its commerce
now finds a reviving demand for its products, anti
the increasing plelity-of.money has began to re-
animate its languishing industry.. Armid.all these
,various and unloOked-lor changes.; amid all the
*complicated principles of action which, set in mo-
tion-the-vast and nicely regulated machine, of mo-
dern society, it is, a utmost curious, as well as an
instructive task, more especially where such pre-
cious interests are involved, to trace effects to
their couses,, and tp endeavour precisely to ascer.
tain the source of all those fatal disorders under
which our commerce has been suffering, that eve
may, if possible, prevent their recurrence, and
that we way thus derive instinction for the future

from the unerring► experience of the pa,r. Politi-
.cal economy differs from some other sciences in
this, that we can make no experiments .on the
objects in which it is conversant. But the great
map .of society lies open to our inspection, and it
is only by a diligent and doss examination that
we can disci etiy trace out all its intricate rela-
tions,,and that we eau, in this manner, reconcile

II
arliarent aflonlitlies, by referring each par-
etiiar fact to the operation of some general

a w.

In any, logniry of the nature proposed, there
are three points whiCh present themselves to our
consideration ; Ist, What were. the immediate
causes which produced the stagnation of our com—
merce ? 2dly, Is it likely that it will revive, and
to what extent ? end, 3dly, What is the cause of
the present increasing pleaty of money, and what
are likely to be its effects ?

1. The immediate causes which produced the
decline of our comnierce appear to. be stifficientiv
obvioos. During, the whole, course of the last
and former wars, thecommerce. and manufactures
of Britain were iththe moat flonrishingeomlition,
and many Causes'concurred to
,give to.this mot-
, try, a very Jarge proportion of the. trsde of the
The distractions of trance, in conse-
quence of the Revolution, and the wars which
desolated the Continent, the effect of Which was
to diSs'ipate anddestroy the funds of productive
indiistry, were_ both adverse to the prograss of
commerce. In the meantime, Great Britain, eau.
joying domestic prosperity and peace, was rapidly'
accumulating cHpiial, and it4iproving in mann-.
(Rehiring skill. "f be greet and increasing demands,
both of Europe and Anterica,g,avii a new and ex-
traordinary stiniiihs to every s;,ecies of induatry.
To supply this grownig nvirkct, rnanufae!nring-
cstaiaistonews were exl ended, labour was wore
and mote subdi,ided, new and ingenious
nrr,
y "as ererled, and, wider this system, the in..
thisry of Britain, in place of directly ponkcing;
a supply of gonimoilit es, Suited tr, her,ovvn par-
ticular wants, came at length to be geathiany
ailapted to the general sor.IV of the world. All
h r great man.tfactitring ahlishments produced
a ssirplus of their !rticular commodity above what
Was required tin home consuminion. This stir-
exPorred, and m foreign cu-
rop 10'71 e() ct.'
r%ss• there was a (Imam! at home,
Were iropprted in return. in these circumstances,
our mannfacturers evihntly depending on the fn-
reign market for an ,outlet to 'their produce, they

r
*re suddenly iott-ittlicted from the markt.l
Err-
rope, by the hostile decrees cif Fi•anee, with a vast
ex,ecute them, mind from that 'of America;
by the war which unhappily broke out between
the,two-countries. in the loss, therefore, "of all
our aceristomed markets, we fiud a perfectly.aik-•
no: ire cause for the decline of our commerce and
to muutact lures, and for rite general diStre's-S of all
that otonerou class who depended, tin trade for
employment and sobsistenee.
2. lime more important question, however, re,
nolios to be considered, namely, ‘vhether com-
melee,_ will speedily revive front its present depres-
s;o;; That it will ultimately revive we have no
Butemisidrrinn.; the long cOn
u
tinued an-
voya re to which it was exposed, sonic time mast
necessarily elapse before it can he restored- to its
for trier flaurishing condition. I:s progress during
the late trans has already !nen pointed oUt, toge-
ther o ith the-various cause's which, by in erc.4 t,ing
thetdemaud.aod extending the market for British
g•tods, contributed to enlarge the different
br4ochts of our no:inufactures far beyond tire.
scale of our own particular \yams. Under this
great extenion of our commerce; the industry of
the country was most skilfully managed, and its
productive pOwers were greatly increased. But
the mantifactoreS produccdwere ttow in a great
measure adapted. to the foreign market. There
was a large surplus Above what was wanted at
bonne, and when the demand, therefore, ceased
abroad, or when the intercourse %vas obstructed,
-the supply, in order to avoid the difficulties which
followed, ought.to hare been proportionally re=
trenched. But variOus circumstances prevented
this. An iminense capital was now invested in
the new and somewhat artificial state of timings,
Bich had grown up in. consequence of the vlis-
ordens which had prevailed throoghout Europe,
and it could not be suddenly diverted into ano-
ther Channel -Without the most prodigious loss.
The habits of time mechanic also were thoroughly
adapted t 0 certain bran Ches of industry, and,theSe
Being abandoned, it was e‘ident that he would
be exposed to idleness and misery. The manu-
facturers, besides, -hoped for better times, and
various causes concurred to induce them to ex-
haa,t their capitals in continuing their respective
employments, and thus the supply of British ma-
nufactores Was prevented front being •reduced
to the level of the demand.. The intercourse both
with America and Europe was obstructed, the de--
mandato) the consumption had ceased ; but it was
luny; before the supply fell oft in proportion, and
the consequence was a continued accumulation of
unsaleable produce.. The market was completely
Overstocked, and when peace re-opened all the
former channels of British commerce, an inunda-_
lion of goods from the glutted warehouses of Bri-
tain) were forced into the markets both of Europe
an lof America. Prices fell ruinously low, and
little relief was affOrded, because, although goods
to a great amount were exported, they were sold
to no profit:, and they bore no proportion to the
supply which was still left at home, anti which bad
been•acconndated during those years when there
was little demand and little consumption. The
evil then by which the manufacturer is oppressed,
the weight which still clogs the movements .of.
commerce, is.a load of unsaleable produce, and
until the market be cleared by the increase of con-
sumption of what is superfluous, the industry of
the eoOntry will not be restored to a state of sound-
ness and vigour. But the supply and tire demand
itatarally tend to suit themselves to each other,
and a little time, therefore, will necessarily bring
-them to a level. When this takes plaCe, the de-
mand for British produeei will revive,—prices will
‘sill be inereased,--and all classes of,
manufacturers will be enabled, as before, to draw
cnitutortable subsistence from their capital and
-froin,their industry. The commerce of the coon-
'try, indeed, may not•be enlarged to the same ex-
'tent its before. Other Nations will no doubt em-
-plost-their capital in the prosecution of nranufac-
Intring -indostry, and the restrictions and duties
-which have been itnoosed upon the importation of
-British goods into Europe by those who, from al-
lies in war, have becomerivals in trade, will tin-
donlitedly be unfavourable to the extension of
commerce. • But to overcome these ob-
stacles, we must trost, in some degree, to the
greater capital, and to the improved machinery
with which the-industry of Britain is aided, and,
to the superior skill amid ing,nuity also of the Bri-
tiSb mechanic. Iliti:erto, certainly, neither tire-
newly established nutuufactores of Europe nor of
'America, have been aisle to stand before the corn

d

petition of• British goods, and one effect favour-
able to our commerce has thus resulted. from the
great accumulation of British manufactures,
namely, that the infant establishments both of
America and Europe have, in many cases, been
entirely ruined, and have, in all crises, received a
serious check -from the immense import a tion of
goods which has taken place from this country 'at
such low prices, that., they have made their way
through• every opposing barrier, either of unfa-
vourable laws, or of protecting ditties.
3. since. the restoration of peace, capital has
been accumulating in the country ;—money has
become more plentiful, and mercantile confidence
has begun to revive. The obvious- cause of thiS
appears to be, the cessation of the immense loans
required by the public service during thewar.--
- 1 tie contribittions of capital which the war itn-
. posed on productive imhostry were employed iii
sopportiog soldiers or sailors ; by whom capital
is destroyed without any commercial,equivalent
prodoced in return. This animal waste,
therefore,. -neccss!arily retarded the accumulation
of capital. It created- a void in the money market,
which productive industry was called upon to fill
tip. An the capital which was taken out of the
tumdtet in this way, never more to appear, is now
Irft in. the hands of the merchant and manufac-
turerto accumulate; anti this includes not only
the lthmenSe SIIIII3 which were raised in the way
of loan, but all •the taxes which have•been re-
rn:trci to the country in consequence of -the.
restoration of peace,. namely,' :he property
tax, the war malt-tax, and several others of less
ilitportance. During the latter part of theNvar,
the country
,was distracted by mercantile
embarrassments, and by the decline of its agri-
culture. There Was. a great loss both of commer-
cial and agricultural capital, from the deprecia-
tion of stock, as well as from the convulsions

and baukruptcies which shook every order of the

mereantile eeinmunity, and -diffuse4l a spirit of
universal distrust. All these causes, therefore,
concurred, with the. waste occasioned by the war,
in preventing.the accumulation of capital, and in
rendering money scarce. So many unpropitious
circirmstances.were at work to counteract the ef-
forts of produttive industry, that, tor some time,
the capital of the country was rather diminishing
and increasing. Bat these evils- appear now to
have spent their. force. According to the ohm-
ration of flume, there is- a point of depression
below which huina:, affairs cannot remain for any
length of time ; and our affairs, from a combina-
lion of untoward circuinstances, having ebbed to
this point, the-chirent now begins to flow in an
opposite direction. The cff.,rts of individual in-
dustry, in accurnidatin4. capital, being no longer
counteracted, 'be'gin to be-felt, and the genertil
result is marked by the increasing plenty of
money, and, the testoration:of commetcial confi-
dence.

To this cause, and not to any speculations of
adventurers; is to lie intpnted the sudden rise in
the value of funded property. It is scarcely tie.-
cessary to remark, that ,govelutnetit securities,
differing in. no respect from any other species of
annuity, their price necessarily rises as the supply
of capital increases, and the interest- of ,money
declines. The increase of capital, ..therefore,
which has lately taken plaCe,.is the great and ge-

neral cause of the late. . iise iii- the value /of the
public -Securities ; and those who ascribe it to ay-
tificia) combinations among the monied men, tuffs='
take the effect for the cause. The speculations•in
the money market are produced. by the supply .of

. -
money increasing in proportion to the demand;
in consequence of which, it becomes difficult to
find out any pi ofitable mode of 'investing it.. All
the ordinary channels of commerce being amply
supplied, the surplus naturally flows to the capi-
tal, which is the centre of all the money transac-
tions of the kingdom, and where the immens::

mass of government securities affords. continual
scope for every species of pecuniary adventure.—
'rime accumulation ,pf this. superfluous Capital, In
the metropolis, creates-a demand for the public
annuities ; the price rises, and time money 'Markel
becomes aiotte'ry in which adventurers ate smger.
to speculate; But those speculations do not oc-
casion time rise of •the Funds. They ate them-
selves the effects of the same cause, namely,the
increasing plenty of money which raises the. vialue
of the funds as well as every wher species of an-
nuity. •

The necessary tendency of this incie,asing plenty
of
,money, is to infuse new life and vigour intos
the hugoishing industry of the country. As the
additional capital comes gradually to be distributed
throughout the different 6-ranches, of corotityree
and agriculture, it Will create an increased dem-axid.•
for labour, of which the wages will of course rise,
and it will thus Contribute essentially to the m].
fort of, the great mass of "the community. It will
also raise the value of land. The smaller the re-
venue yielded by money lent, the great,l. will be

the inducement to invest it in • Jana, the value of
which will rise in proportion to the increased
tic-
Mand. Pisirt cif the additional capital accumulated
dill 0.69 be laid out in agriculture, and will ope-
rate as a stimulus to improvement in this important
branch of industry. Hence, will arise- a new iie

:nand for labour while, by an • increase of pro.'
duction, in consequence of extended of improved'
cultivation, the funds necessary for its support
%yin be provided. That such will be the result
of the accumulating capital of the country, cannot
well be questioned. But time will be necessary
to develope all those beneficial consequences.- It
is vain to suppose that the commerce or agricul-'
ture of the country can be initantaneously reno
vated into its former suite-of vigour. The geeat
arrangements of society are slow and gradual, nor
can they .be accelerated, though they may, be
thwarted or retarded by the contrivances of 'pali-
ticians. But though lintnan affairs may not .ad-
vance with so rapid a progress us .we may think
desirable, ‘Ve may rest assured of Ibis, that:so-
ciety contains, ‘vithinitself, the true principles
of perpetual improvement. That powerful motive
which is continually impelling every-man to exert
himself for the bettering of, his condition, ti~ ill
`never allow human affairs-to stand still; and
trusting, therefore, to this principle, of sure an 4
everlasting operation, we may, in the course cf.
no very long period, rationally look forward to a
state of progressiveimprovement in the condition .
of the country.

GLASGOW, SEPT.2O.—Last night, between eight
and nine o'clock, a most beautiful aurora borealis
was visible from this city, and continued for more
than an hour extremely brilliant. The evening.
was unusually serene And the sky very clear;` the
moon was at the same time shining with great
beauty. It first began in a beautiful arch of white
light, apparently issuing. front the east, and dart-
ing to the west, at an elevation of about 50 de-
grecs. After remaining for some time in this
position, it suddenly broke asunder into detached
bodies, its pointed and brilliant rays directed from
the magnetic north, while a very rapid motion
front west to cast was obseCved to move from po-
sition to position of the luminous bodies. The
whole had a very grand and pleasing effect. Be.
twist nine and ten o'clock. it began to decay, and
at last terminated in a brilliant luminous body to-
wards.the magnetic north. It was remarkable,
that, after the corruscations, the heavens towards
the zenith appeared covered with Ivlsite thin
clouds, apparently of electric matter.

SUDDEN DEATH.—Late CM 'Monday night, 4
Coroner's Inquest was held at the New Golden
Lion, in Silver-street. on the body of Mr. YVNi.
.Coorza,,of this city, .brolter,..who went to the
above house about, eight o'clock on the same
evening in perfect health and good spirits; hp
had not been in the room more than ten minutes,
and while in the act of pouring out a "glass of
beer, he was seized with a sudden trembling, the
cop fell froM his hand, his head kopt .on the.
arm of a friend sitting next him, ifhd -he instantly
expired-without. a groan or strugßle,—Verdiet',
" Died by the Visitation Of Goa:''—'fire—drafis
ed was about 32 years of age, and has left a wi-
dow and four young children to lameht their.se-
cre lost.-:—Cxeter Flying Post)

TRIALS FOR. TREASON,

DFRBY, TUESDAY, SEPT'. 13:

ThtSpecial-•ComMission, for the trial of the
prisoners against whom true hills for high treason
had been found t►t.the..iast Assize, is to be opened
here on, Thursday next... The greater part of the
prisoners are in the county gaol in this town. The
rest who could not be accommodated here are in
the gaol at Nottingham. They arc to be marched
to this town_ to be arraigned with the other pri-
soners, and then lo be sent back again' till their
day of trial come. The prisoner:sla.this'town
are :

Thomas Battison, Josiah Gadbcr, Samuel Hunt, John Hi
Alexander Johnson, Samuel Ludlam, 'William Ludlam, John
Moor, John Mac Ressick, Joseph Turner, Edward: Turner,
Josiah 'yhorp, William Turner, Robert , Turner, Joseph
Wightman, William Wightman, Thomas Wightman, James
Wightmhtit.Gentge Wightman, Jeremiah Brundreth (charged
with having fired the fatal shot), Isaac LMlliim; Thomas
John Mica:), and the three following rho have been
admitted King's evidence, Geore BurrO
ws,John Fletcher,
and Thomas Turner ;—hf all, 2G personS, are in the county
gaol upon tlis Charge.—ln NottingliaM Gaol'are 15 prisoners
upon the same charge : Edward Moore, William Adams,
William Hardwiche, Jerman Buxton, Joseph Topham, Joseph
Hall, Thomas Ensor, Nathaniel Jennings, Joseph Savage,
John Wright, John Onion, George Brassington, Isaac Lud-
lam, Charles Swain, and Daniel Hunt.

The County Hall .is fitted up with a temporary
bench and seats for the trial. The hall is a large
building fronting towards the south. Its ordinary
interior arrangement is thus :—lf you suppose the
flodr divided into two equal pafallebagrams', the
front one is an empty paveMent, occupied during
'the Assizes by the crowd; the back parallelo-'
gram is laid out in three equal parts for the CroWn
Court, to your. right, as .you enter the hall ;
,the
Nisi Prins to your left ; and an enclosed place for
the Grand Jury and- their witnesses in the'middle,
to whiep is attached a narrow gallery towards
each court: The unoccupied parallelogram and
the Crolvn Court are now formed into one extensive
and commodious'eourtfor the ensuing trials in this
manner :—The Bench' is at the extremity. of thc
pavetnent. to the right. Immediately in frodt_is a
very large table for the accommodation of,Counsel
and Attornics: A number id -seats are next-placed
for the reception of the numerous prisoners. Two-
thirds are thus occupied ; the. remaining- Third is
oe,Oipied with seats rising in regular gradation for
tire convenience 'of spectators. , To the right of
the bench is the jury-box, and occupies the•seats
assigned for prisoners in the Crown Court ; the
remaining part, comprehending the former bench,
bar, and jury-box, fitted up for ppeetators.' The
grand jury; gallery, too-, colt:mantis a full view of
the new bench and bar. • .

Mr. DENMAN is engaged as Counsel for the pri.
oners ; who -else I have not yet learned. .

OLD BAILEY,-Srrf. 25,

CHILD STEALING.

Eliza Cobb was indicted for Stealing and carry-
ink; away the infant child of Jo4eph Canning,-on
the 16th of August last.

Sophia Canning deposed, that she was carrying
her brother, the child in question, at Kensington,'
on the 16th of August, and was engaged in talk-
ing to ,a little girl, who, as well as her other
school-fellows, called her Cann, when, 'as -"she
believed, the person at the bar accosted her, and
asked her if her name was Caitn. She went on
to tell her that her mother desired to speak with
her, and that she, the prisoner,-would in the mean.
time hold and take care oft the infant. On her.re-.
turn she found that ,the prisoner and her brother
were gone. The woman who thus acted told
her that her name was Miss Howes', she was,.
marked. by the smallpox, and had a
,defect in one
of-her eyes. The prisoner's, person corresponded
with this description.
\Vin. Jones, shopman to Mr. Rogers, stated,
that be saw the prisoner on the 16th of August in"
the Street with the child;, feeding it with a
moistened bun, and in about a quarter of an hour
afterwards heard that the child was lost.

Sarah Canning, the mother of the child, describ-.
ed it to have been about three months. old : the
child in her arms was that which was talien away.
Joseph Canning, the father, stated, that haying
heard that his child had been• carried away, he
went in company with Ruthven, a liow-street
Officer, in purguit of the prisoner.
.They found
her at Akesford in possession of the.clrild,•which
was in an almost famished state, and appeared
as if it could not long survive. This witness's
eviicnce seas fully corriihorated'hy Ruthven, the
Officer, who said the prisoner was inimediately
recognizcd by ,Sophia Conning, on their being
brought together: Verdict--. Guilty..

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.