The Sun.
London, England, 1844-11-29 00:00:00

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. 1 dered that our domestic interests in all these arrange-
PROM TXX HYMN° PAPERS OF YESTERDAY. I ments were of primary consideration. I laid down the
STANDARD.—The Chapter of the diocese of ; principle, that it would not be wise in us to punish
Exeter hare addressed to the Lord Primate a memo- I ourselves, because other countries refused to adopt si-
rial, praying his Grace to consult with the Bishops miler arrangements as to their import duties. These
rs to the best means of establishing uniformity in principles I laid down last year, and I adhere to them
the order of public worship. The course pro- I still." The principle on which Mr. Baring cted is here
Pied by the Chapter is no doubt open to some adopted, defended, and justified by Sir R. Peel. More
objections, and objections of considerable weight favourable terms than those of Brazil towards us
have been offered against it ; but, looking to the could not be proposed or expected, whilst Brazil
evil consequences that must flow from the present had a right to expect more favourable terms from
state of affairs if much longer continued, and us. Her tariff was an encouragement to our ma-
unable to discover any better means of correct- nufactures. Our tariff was a discouragement to
ing that unfortunate state, we must express our her produce. Mr. Baring, therefore, did wisely
anxious hope that the proposition of the Exeter Chap- in unconditionally reducing our Sugar duties, as a
ter will be favourably received and firmly acted upon. preliminary to a renewal of a beneficial treaty with
We have besides acomplete confidence that the Bishops Brazil, and which at that time was in our power.
will decide with a full knowledge of what suits the In 1841, however, the members of the present Go-
age in which we live, and decide without pre- vernment refused to relax the prohibitory duties on
justices and wisely. The characteristic of our foreign sugar, because a moral consideration was in-
time is practical common sense, which, with- volved, viz., the question of the slave trade! They
out slighting imagination in that which is its pro- adhered to their refusal even in 1843, upon the mo-
per sphere, the sphere of innocent pleasures, rejects tion of Mr. Hawes to reduce the duty on foreign
it absolutely from all the serious business of sugar to 34s.—the identical amount they subsequently
life. This makes us severe and strict in all our adopted for their duty, on their miscalled free-labour
graves concerns, and there is none so grave as reli- sugar; which, admitting it to be such, if imported,
Fion. It makes also (though not in the bad sense) only opens the markets, to which it previously went,
jealous and sceptical. Whether it has originated in to a corresponding supply of slave-labour sugar.
our political inquiries or elsewhere, we will hardly FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAT.
submit to anything without a reason for it, and a TIMES.—The result of the preliminaries for the elec-
good one. And in truth our best religious teachers tion of the President of the United States is no less in-
are somewhat to blame for this disposition, if the dis- teresting as an exemplification of the general effects of
posAtion (which we are far from thinking) is one to elective and republican government, than as an indica-
be lamented. What are " Butler's Analogy," and tion of the particular policy we may expect to trace for
" Paley's Evidences," but practical commentaries the next four years in the Cabinet of Washington. Is
upon the Apostle's command to " rove all things
?” it, or is it not, a probable, if not an inevitable, conse-
p
Now, this being the temper of the time, as is well queries of universal suffrage, that men will choose a weak
gifted
o wf theiri
th *
wisdomo wnp passions, o nesu, e
rr a t hteor thanmeet known to the Bishops, we have no apprehension thatat h
e strongexi.
instrumentruler
their Lordships will not see the necessity of adapting gencies of Government ? Is it not an ancient and in-
their arrangements to it, and take care that while contestable truth, that in a pure democracy the highest
public wqrship shall be conducted
.." decently and in excellence is more apt to lead to proscription than to
order," xso ceremonies shall be imposed that have power ? The choice of the citizens of America, not
not the sandtion of uninterrupted usage or manifest only on this, but on some former occasions, is calculated
utility ; sternly rejecting whatever is merely sym- to shake the confidence of the most ardent partisan of
bolieal, or otherwise only calculated to work con- their institutions; for the position of a President is not
fusedly upon the imagination. Such things, in this so exalted that his dignity shelters him from the keenest
criticism of public opinion, and throws on others the re-
mature age of the world, are objectionable as
puerilities—injurious to the grave temper proper s3ns
elevated ib
andilit political
yofthe
rank withoutovernmet he
any realemay ieva
tainly not atoned for by their known con-
attain to
for religious worship ; and their puerility is cer-
tion of character, and he may rise to power without
.
rexion with Popish errors, both in those who respect. The principle of monarchy suffers nothing
in a constitutional country from the occasional
first introduced them, and in those who would now presence on the throne of Princes incapable of a full or
revive them. We repeat our conviction that the proper discharge of the duties of government ; when-
Bishops will see the necessity of restoring the order ever such a misfortune occurs it is justly attributed to
of public worship universally to what it has been the accident of descent, and the Constitution provides a
during the last two or three generations, without the remedy. But the Constitution of the United States ac-
knowledges the possibility of no such accident, and pro-
least regard to time-repealed rubrics, and obsolete
vides no such remedy. There is nothing of theory in
customs. The worst of revolutions, it was said
by Lord Somers, and afterwards by Mr. Fox, the qualifications and dignity of the Chief Magistrate
i 3 a counter-revolution ; and the most offensive boefatrheer Ire
fn itohe n;S
Mate they
makessrn them to e . and instead whatever the de factoe ffi
of
office-
of innovations is the renovation of what has
Mr. Polk being raised to the Presidency, the Presidency
been long and deliberately discarded ; the is lowered to the standard of Mr. Polk. Nay, more,
reason is the same in both. The counter-revo• whilst the President continues to exercise powers which,
lutions and renovations are victories gained ever though temporary, do in some respects exceed the
their former superiors by a lately depressed party, powers of a King of England, his personal importance
and the history of the world tells how such victories may sink very low in comparison with that of members
are always used. The Bishops will be cautious how of his own Cabinet, although he, and not they, is the
they draw upon themselves, or, if they are careless practical and responsible head of the Government.
about themselves, as we truly believe they are, how Such was the contrast between Mr. Webster and
they draw upon the sacred Establishment of which Mr. Tyler ; such will probably be the contrast be-
they are the guardians, the odium of giving a triumph towneeen
fMrh. Calhoun l andditatehle. nowt. Phreesidaeuntthorelectf.
to the Tractarian party, by setting up innovations or the
Aometrteeaupriac C pui
nastitution tal'eass oto the authors of
to the Tractarian partlv, by setting up innovations or the American Constitution was to steer a middle
renovations renovations abstractedly dista4eful to the people, and course between the danger of investing the President
rendered more intolerable by their apparent connexion with so much power as to endanger the liberties of the
with Popish errors. country, and that of leaving him so little that he would
GLOBE.—Since we roused the attention of the ceaseh to be the tlfcctive head
fell
the Statee.
efAtshlong as
public to the state of our relations with Brazil there tabelecchiotiizceenosf tahnedc community upnuae
dt upongni
ty
ofon the officeemwoas
has been nathing but restlessness in Downing-street backed and reinforced by the private consideration of
and Whitehall. The organ of the Board of Trade is him who filled it, bosh these dangers were well avoided.
told to browbeat the Ministers of Brazil ; and forth- The period of four years is too short for dangerous am-
a' ith " insolent Brazil" is held up to scorn and bition to work in ; and the power of the President in
indignation for attempting to profit by the foolish the hands of a competent Statesman commands a due
and. selfsought perplexities of its surer-subtle pre- respect. Bet if the case be otherwise, the office gives
silent. But this course being found inexpedient, little real power to him who is not supported in it by a
large amount of personal influence and public esteem :
the apologist of the Foreign-office is instructed to
fold the language of conciliation, and to justify even and if this influence and this esteem be enjoyed by
others, who may be subordinates in authority or oppo-
the Brazilian tariff! Accordingly, we learn that newts of the whole Government, such a state of things
" the sole object of it is revenue,"—that Brazil has ts m estly to bring the institution itself into eon-
no " hostile intentions towards ns,"—that she is ac- tempt. We sincerely hope that Mr. Polk of whom
tuated only by one motive, " which Brazilian we know at present too little to have any ' . osscs Ministers are bound to make the law of their conduct sions against him, except those we derive -
-- we mean the interest of the state whichtheygovern." extravagant language of his supporters, will show
Now, this is all beside the question. The intentions in progress of time that he knows, not only how to
of Brazil towards us may readily be supposed to be win a victory, but to use it well. He will have the
d:cfated by her own views of her own interests, and advantage of coming into office at a time when the pros-
by a very natural desire to increase her trade, and, of perity of the country is reviving ; and he may be con-
course, her reeenne. About her intentions towards sidered safe from any political tempests of great violence,
us, we may concern ourselves but little. The ques- unless he has the ill judgment to rouse them in the wilds
fof Oregon or on the borders of Texas. In the presenton the public is interested in is, as to the intentions
`fate oth. thea Texan qrestion, when a new President, Mr.
of our own Government towards Brazil, which, as ,
fsr as they can be gathered from existing in- i
sosnaeisj
to sh
je. n fis tr
n i beeny• a elected
(. e d ino tthhaet
independencecommonwealth,
o f whoi
f!,ernation, have reference neither to the exten- country, it is exceedingly to be regretted that Mexico
s:oa of our trade nor to the increase of our -rove. should entertain the project of re-invading her former
nue ; but appear, on the contrary, calculated at once province. Whatever may be the immediate result of
to narrow the one and restrict the other. The attempt such an operation, it can scarcely fail to kindle the
now made to clothe the wretched policy of our utmost excitement in the United States, and in all pro-
C,binet with a sentimental regard for the into- bability to extend the war beyond its original limits.
rhe influence of England, France, and the other Powers
rests of our merchants, we discard as altogether
have recognied has already been exerted
childish; as the last resource of inert who, struggling
nit he shape of the liveliest remonstrences against these
both against events they either did not or would not designs of the Mexican Government.T
he success of a
foresee, and principles they can no longer oppose,
atgn against Texas would probably be more in ju-
an 1 left s
destitute of any intelligible defence of-their ir em
iusP to Mexico than actual defeat; for although it is
policy, seek to disguise their failure under the possible that Santa Anna may penetrate into the
chimerical pretence of peotecting our merchants frein country, he can neith T subdue it nor expel the Anelo-
the evils of over-trading anti over-credits. Their American settlers ; and lie must, in reality, pre-
course in opposition left them no alternative bit Pare for a contest wiili a far more considerable Power.
to allow the Brazilian Treaty to expire without It is possible that the intell;genee of Mr. Polk's election
waking any attempt to renew it, and to rig's the in- may suggest a more guarded course to the Mexican Ge-
neral; but, on the other hand, the vehement threats of' an-
jurious consequences to our trade ; and it precluded
vexation with which the democratic party have brought.
them from all frindly negotiation with a Power w;th a
in their candidate, may induce the Mexicans to strike a which we had long enjoyed an advantageous trade in
. in the next few months, before the new Govern-
tied very article which we still import, refine, and blow,merit is installed at Washin 00. Under these critical-
export ; but which we are not allowed—in deference circumstances, it is not unreasonableg to contend that the
to the political casuistry of the Board of Trade—to European Poe ers which have recognised the indepen-
et, ter for home consumption. We import and carry en dence of Texas are bound in good policy as well as in
a 'erect trade in the article to the extent of 13,000 tons good faith to demand of Mexico, as well as of every
se netalkes. We supply both our own colonies with other Power, that this new state be acknowledged and
re:ineil sugar, and foreign countries with still larger unmolested. If we had a sufficient interest in this (pies•
(r entities of raw sugar ; but not a pound may we cat 6"n to recognise Texas at ell—if we, in common with
at. home I We may carry on any amount of trade in, other stetes of Europe, are prepared to resist the an-
“ed consume all or any of, the products of Brazil— "exation of Texas to the United States as an act of rapine,
her coffee, or her hides, or her tobacco—and even her
calculated to deprive us of a useful ally, to perpetuate
slavery, and to create a rival maritime Power in the
su4ar—provided not a particle of the latter find its Gulf of Mexico, it would appear to be no more than
wey into the tea or ceffee of the labouring classes of just to maintain the independence of Texast
tl is country ! And, beyond even this, we may import against Mexico itself, and, above ail, by a declare-
fr-e-lahour sugar as it is—(absurdly as falsele ) tiers of the principal States of Europe, to terminate
c: lied from Jews, which now competes with the slave- this state of uncertainty and menace. Had Texas
tt .de sugar of Brazil in continental markets, and thus consented to abolie'i shivery, all her political difficulties
increase the demand for the sugar of Brazil and Culat would long since have been terminated ; and, instead of
the re; but to consume ourselves that which our policy being an object of mingled contempt and desire to the
forces othsre to consume, is forbidden by the population or' the United States, she would have placed
dictates of humanity ? Hence, as Mr. M'Culloch her whole social condition on a higher and more secure
basis than theirs, and would be prepared to play a eon-
observes, "though we do not sweeten our tea with
sn iar produced by Brazilian or Cuba slaves, we sP. ic
u toou s
steer partainn
eventhe historye,rrc ofther.etwilewoi'ld. It is not f
of slave.._ policy o _
clothe ourselves with wool, manure our lands will thaecyUnited States and ;hue 'free betweenpolicy '
Mexico or of
Bones, and manufacture our paper of rags which are
- England. But if there be in Texas men who look
peid for with this very sugar ! It is obvious, there- honestly to the future welfare of the country they have
fore, that in so far as buying their produce goes, we adopted, and who contemplate something more than the
are ditect encouragers of slavery in Brazil. Arid base transfer of their national rights to others, they
thus it is, that while our present system lays our deserve to find support in Europe : and there is too
trade with Brazil and Cuba under a disadvantage, much reason to fear, that unless the intervention of the
angi obliges our people to pay double its natural European Powers settles this question now, it will at no
Price for an important necessary of life, it pro- distant period embr,,il the western hemisphere in war.
nr,tos ,that very slavery we affect to deprecate I" If, however, the independence of Texas be recognised by
Such sophistry as that to which we have ad- Mexico,undersuitabl!conclitions, and with the gtiaran-
vested has indeed only to be stated, in order to be tee of
from Europe,everytl the
ing but the national
treachery existence
ef of
herthatw
stateencitizens
intzse safes
scouted by every intelligent and honest mind. And
and the growth of her independent interests would soon
what is the plea put forward-by the Government for place them beyond the reach of temptation.
these absurd inconsistencies—put forward, too, by a CHRONICLE.—From all points of the compass, and
paper peculiarly affecting a knowledge of mercantile by every post, arrive fresh proofs and instances of the
affairs—that "it was indispensable that a salutary and ability with which our foreign diplomacy is conducted.
foreseen check should be given to the export trade now The Levant mail of the other day brought news of the
and for' the next few months"---and "to change the dismissal of Rifest Pacha, the Turkish Reis Effendi, the
!dove*, and in many instances desperate s stem of only member of the Divan at all courteous, conciliatory,
doing ;business now practised in Brazil ?" y
or favourable to England. He was, in fact, the only
Corn- went upon such puerility as this were wasted. It member of the Turkish Cabinet whom it was our interest
is further stated, that "if the Budget of 1841 had to preserve in office. Why was he dismissed ? the
Frkankfort Journal, well informed on Turkish affairs,
been adopted at the moment it was brought forward,
wtehsettouble to inform us :—" Sir Stratford Can-
n would not have changed in any one particular the flingth.ea
subsequent policy of the Brazilian Government. Mr. vehaving had mnoocnenthteea3uosteh.
of
fhoe
October
rish
arepresenetaf-
Baring proposed the reduction of the Sugar Duties the Sultan, to notify the birth of Prince
anAlfurdeldenctenok
absolutely and unconditionally; and no stipulation for advantage of the opportunity to hint to the Sultan that
the renewal of the commercial treaty, or for the main- the march of his general policy might be better. How-
tenance of low import duties on British goods, was ever reserved this accusation against his Ministers was
so much as required of the Brazils." Now, if this
o spoken,
te s uthh the utnogigzueltait was,i moved thereby, and spoke
were merely the dictum of the Times, it might be al- n
contradicting the argumentsac Pacha
fwshior adroitly,s instead of
lowed,to pass without much consideration. But if it the blame upon Rifaat, and,
accordingly, all
be derived from any higher source, we hope the day is moderate an best intentioned of the Vinisteers mostw
not far distant when we may find it confirmed in Par- dismissed." If, from Constantinople we turn to Alex"-
liarnent by some one competent to speak, and having a andria, we see marks of the same ability and success.
fall knowledge of all the facts of the case. We shall be The Governor-General of India, in passing through
anxious to hear any one, speaking with the authority of Egypt, had won upon the Pacha, who promised to re-
the Board of Trade, say that the reduction then pro- gulate the transit across Egypt both for letters and light
posed by Mr. Baring; absolute and unconditional as it merchandiserb in a saftiscfoauctosery
bmoatsntniner.
wiOthursdelaerenalleiensti
was, " would not have changed in any one pardon- theenv
,rleesntc
n:ewsheroeuld evenr get our lettg
ers throughp Egypt
far the_ subsequent policy of the Brazilian Govern- envy,
more facility. The Marquis of Lavalette em-
thatment,"-4hat is, if we are to understand by this ployed, of course, all his well-known talents to defeat
the reduction of the sugar duties then pro- and undo what Sir Henry Hardinge had done. It Was
posed would not have enabled us to negotiate and re- a mighty matter to Egypt. To encounter the difficulty,
new a. favourable treaty with Brazil, without that Lord Aberdeen sends out a post-office clerk, from the
interruption to our trade which now immediately usual policy of being humble and matter-of-fact. The
flows from the policy of the present Government. consequence has been, that Mehemet Ali has scarcely
If, however, this, and this only, be meant—that Mr. , deigned to take notice of him, and that the French
Baring's well-timed reduction of the sugar duties, have had influence to cause every obstacle to be thrown
would-not have changed the old policy of Brazil to- in our way. The post-office clerk has done nothing for
wards this country, which was singularly favourable to his office ; the Transit Company is to be broken up, and
our trade; then we agree with the Times, and admit the superintendence of steamers up the Nile, and the
subsequent passage of the desert limited to Turks, to
that suet) would have been the case. We recommend
our Contemporary
to inquire further into this matter the exclusion of Europeans. In Greece and in Spain
before it a• 1 itself
pun ends to making random assertions
France is as triumphant over us as in Alexandria. in
both places, that is; in Athens and Madrid, the French
upon le sulfa Min which it •
But then, Bari
Baring
e
in 1841, made an absolute up his creatures in both places, and the first law of
doubt he did. And whationdiof the sugar duties. No these creatures is to exile and proscribe every one sus-
in 1842, when he was courtind S'i.
Robert Peel say
pected of being friendly to England. The Esparterists
to sustain him in his amendrn
gentsreeofTrade ; were not pursued with more rancour in Spain, than the
"slake every possible effort," said he the Tariff?— ' Mavrocordatists in Greece. Mavrocordato has been
ciprocai advantages from other cotintri
'.es".thb°btain re- elected member for Carysto ; but his old friend Coletti,
fail, you should not refuse to buy in the cheapestutinif you
_late; the inspiration of M. Piseatory, will not even
and sell in the dearast, for the purpose of punishing I the little Crhocamoritartoattokst ; and he. is proceeding to pack
other countries." And again, in
1843, referring to tht 11°1°1 as the little Spanisht
Cortex has
on the same prin. -
8 has been packed, vi et
Uncle pigiOd, he said, " I then declared that I consi- armia. The French Court and Government seem, in-
deed, to have the
sumo
rule of conduct in both Mil.

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