The Sun.
London, England, 1845-09-02 00:00:00

TUE WAR IN THE CAUCASUS.

The following is a summary of the recent operations
of he Buesiane in the mountains of Circassia. We have
drawn it up fro:n tine article in the Journal des Delp.V,
whic•h contains, be ide-, the efficiel news last received at
St. Pt ter-shut-re, certain inortant details extracted from
some private 'letters :
The expedition of the General-in-Chief; Count Wo-
ronzoff, se( ins to amount to this, that, starting from
a point of the line of the advanced Russian ports north
of the Caucasus, he has described in his march an arc
of a circle across the meuntains,ultimately falling back on
anotherpeint of the slid line. The campaign lasted altoge-
thersix weeks. The southernmost point of the curved line
described seems to have been Dargo,the residence of the
lteaum Schamil (who may be considered as the Abd-el-
Kader of the Caucasus). Between Andy (the p..int at
which the previous intelligence last left the Count and
his expeditionary force) and Dargo, the Russians had to
enceunter the greatest ddliculties. After crossing the
great chain of mountain; called Retchel, they descended
by abrupt anti deep ravines into the thick forests of
Itschkrey, which they traversed by pails scarcely pew-
ticable, the expeditionary force occupying a breedth of
twenty vests. The Cecassians had raised barricedee,
constructed of felled trees, the r) where across the valley
occupied by the Awes'.
The Russians had to dislodge the mountaireers at ill°
poise of the he) onet from toe ry one of these bar lee,
which were 2i; in number. disposed, one after the ether,
over a length of a fight leagues (something more than 20
miles). The hisses of the Russians are described as
enormous, whilst their enemy, filing from behind cover,
left behind them scarcely- any dead. At length the Rus-
sians reached Datge, which they destroyed, the lemon
himself having previously set fire to it. The pleke is de-
scribed in the Russian account as the greet rampart et
Schamil's power, but other accounts represent it as a vil-
lage composed merely of a collection of mud edifices, and
situated on a height overhat:nig a deep gorge. It is 20
leagues south of the line of the 'Trek, and about r
clui-
distant from the Caspian and Black Seas. At Dergo the
Russians halted, but the mountaineers were not idle. A
convoy of provisions (of whieh the invaders were much
in want) and munitions of w r, had been dispatched front
Andy. Count Wiletenzolf eet ached. from his main force
at Dargo, Lieutenant-Gem ral Kluelte of Klunegan, with
a orluinn of six battalions, fo r pieces of mountain artil-
lery, and some cavalry, to go and meet this cony. ty already
escorted by a strong column. The troops, both in going
to meet the convey and in coming back with it, had to
encounter the most obstinate resistance in the forest. It
was the very line just tray( rsed by the Russian army. but
already the Circassians had returned in nutoders, and con-
structed fresh barricades. On the 23d of Jul', especial:y,
on their return to Dargo, the Russians had to sustain a
most long, obstinate, and furious encounter. More than
400 Circassixos were left dead on the field. But the loss of
the Russians was very great. Two of their Major-Generals
(Pussok and Viktoroff) were killed. The mountaineers.
succeeded Ia capturing 900 mules loaded with provisions.
Their ammunition fitting them, they drew their poniards
and rushed upon the Russians, endeavouring to pierce
their ranks and to convert the fiAitteg into so many
single combats. It was chiefly the officers that they
singled out for their fury. Ultimately the scanty rem-
nants of the convoy re/lolled IVoronzuff. But, mean-
while, he had himself been most unexpectedly attacked
on all sides by an enemy, which he imagined to be
dispersed. It was at the very moment that Te Derain
was being sung, by I.is orders, in honour of the fete
of the Empress. The object of the Circassiacs
was to divert him, whilst the convoy was being
attacked. When Woronzoff at length left Dsrgo,
it was to return to the line of the advanced
forts. This return would seem to be voluntary
according to the Russian accounts, as if the great object
of the expedition had been secured by the capture and
destruction of Dargo. But the private letters describe
Woronzoff as in fact interrupting the course of his ope-
rations, when he thus turned round on his return north-
ward to the line of observation. They represent him as
yielding to necessity, because his troops were so deci-
mated and harassed, and in such want of provisions, that
he could undertake nothing more with them. On his
new route Voronzoff had to carry the f trtified heights
of Tserihery, which were occupied by the troops of
Schamil, and, descending along the left b tnk of the river
Aksai, he reached Chougal-Berdy, where he halted
having traversed a road that was all along bristling
with intrenchmeets, from each and every one of which
he had to dislodge the mountaineers. The fighting
seems to have been incessant Meantime Mejer Gene-
ral Freitag having assembled in alt haste seven battalions
and a half, together with 300 Cossacks and 13 ph cos of
artillery, advanced from the line of forts. to meet the
General-in-Chief. When Woronzoff and that Freitag
had reached Miskit, he left Chougaleßerdy, and, after
some further fighting with the enemy, succeeded in ef-
fecting a junction with the clivisien that had thus come
to his assistance. Finally, on the Ist of August, the two
united bodies of Russians arrived at Guerzel-Aoul, on
the line of advanced torts.
A studied obscurity prevails throughout the official
report in the Journal of St. l'aersburg, and without the
assistance of the news in the private letters it would ho
difficult to understand the operations. The St. Peters-
burg Jc,u,nal 'effects to consider that great things have
been accomplished by the expedition, but the Debuts
asserts that IVoronzoff, with his military tatents and the
large force at his disposal, has c empl, rely fail. d in his
efforts to subjugare the mountaineers, nod that it is
proved by his falling back, after his secceas at
Dargo, on his line of operations, which be was
nut even able to reach without the assistance
of General Freitag. It was considered (says the Debut.)
that a great disaster would have befallen him, but for
the advance of Freitag, ;or he was blockaded by the
mountaineers, and without provisions. Altogether the
campaign is held to be one without any result, so far as
the progress of Rus-.ian domination in the interior of
Circassia is concerned. Prince Alexander of Hesse,
who was serving in the army of the Caucasus, has given
it up, and is on his return to St. Petersburg. Finally,
IVoionzeff has dispersed his troops throughout the gar-
risons and cantonments on his line of observation.

HOLYHEAD ROADS AND fiAlt-

BOUlt. &c.

There has just been issued, by order of the House of
Common', the Twenty-second R-port of the Commis-
sioners for the Improvement of the ll,dyhead Read.,
&c. The following are the more material portions
thereof :

In pursuance of the directions con'aincd in the 124th
section of the Act of 4th George IV.. c. 74, we lay
before your Honourable Howe two reports of our engi-
neer, Mr. John Provis, dated respectively the 31st and
sth of May, 1845, the former of the state, condition,
and repairs of the road from London to Shrewsbury,
and the latter from Shrewsbury to Holyhead Harbour,
and tl o Menai and Conway- bridges.
We also lay I • ore your Honourable House an account
of the sums received and expended by us during the
year ended sth January last ; and we have further in-
serted accounts, the first of which contains the particulars
of loans to the amount of 83,7001. advanced on the secu-
rity of additional tolls, out of the Consolidated Fund,
and expended by us in various improvements on the line
of road betwcen London and Shrewsbury ; towards the
repayment of which there has been paid into the Ex•
chequer, on account of the principal sum ativanc, d,
43,372/. Bs. lid., and 25.727/. 2s. 104 d. on account
of interest to the sth of January last ; at which
period there r, mained due in respect of the said
loans, for principal, the sum of 40.3271. I Is. Id.. and for
interest, 16,8171. 108. 9441., making together 67,145/. Is.
10141. which is in course of payment.
The second account contains the particulars of loans
to the amount of 54,1001. advanced, on the security of
additional tolls, by the Commissioners for the loan of
the Exchequer•bills for public works, to several trusts of
the road between London and Holyhead, and xpended
in various improvements within those trusts ; of
which sum of 54,100/. there has been repaid
2,106/. ss. 5d., and 12 4661. 15s. 2d, paid on account
of interest to the sth of January last ;. at which
period there remained due in res Feet of principal,
the sum of 51,993/. 14s. 7d., and 2,1411. 9s. 6411. on ac-
count of interest, making together the sum of 54,135 i
4s. 14d., and which is also in course of payment,
LINCOLN,
A. MILNE,
Whitehall-place, Aug. 5, 1845. CHARLES GORE.
The following are extracts from one of the documents
inserted in the appendix.

THE MENAI BRIDGE.
The whole of the iron work was painted, and a coat-
ing of pitch and tar was given to the timber platform,
wheel guides, &c., during the last summer ; every part
of this bridge and its approaches is in a proper state of
rep9ir, with the exception of a trifling portion of the
paved roadway, which will require to be taken up and
relaid

HOLYHEAD HARBOUR.
The dredging of the packet berths which was in hand
when I made my
last year's report, has since been com-
pleted to the required depth, and the skirts of the rock
near the west end of the north pier have been cut away
that the saw-pit at the
large
fromr dimensions,
the weather,
witha
without sufficient pro-
GtorctahoveminglpelvDaeionl
ctokfh
having
was
sgtuorboreoesunmn
adml i
ln,agad
nes ud
tr
a proper new one
roofh a has
to cover it,
hteecetni ocno otos ttrhuec twedorokfmlae

A now building, consisting of a store- room, with s
sail-room above, has been erected in the dockyard for
the use of the Admiralty establishment, and others hay-
ing vessels under repair.
The lighthouse, gashouse, and other buildings con-
nected with the harbour works, are in good order, with
the exception of the harbour offices, which are now being
repaired. The pier, quay walls, road, &c., are also in
good order.

The number of vessels that entered this harbour in the
year 1844, exclusive of Queen's ships, mail-packets, and
pleasure yachts, was 942, the registered burdot of whiek
was M,931 tons.

COTTON SPINNERS' RISE Or WAGES.—We
RTC in-
formed on good authority that at a meeting of the master cotton
spinners of Glasgow and neighbourhood, held here daring the
present week, it was resolved, after some discussion, to advance
the wages of the workers from 5 to 10 per cent. on their present
rates.— G:asgow Saturday Post.
FRESH FlSH.—Salmon is very nearly done for
season. The supply has fallen off earlier this year than last
although the season upon the whole has been better.
The price at present is 10d. to Is. per lb., grilse 7d. to Si.
The liming fishing is nearly over on this coast, and number.
of our fishers have gone not th for the remainder of the sews.
We were informed that a goodly haul of herrings was obtained
in the Crinan on Monday night last, which will be profitable to
the fortunate fishermen. Whitefish have scarcely come in yet.
here, but in a week or two they will be more plentiful and of
better quality. We learn that the oyster fishers in Lochryan
are making great preparations for commencing operations for
the season, and a lot are expected at the Hamilton-street fish-
mart early next week.— Greenock Observer.