The Sun.
London, England, 1844-08-29 00:00:00

THE SUN is Published EVERY MORNING at FIVE O'CLOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY ; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time for the AFTERNOON TRAINS

and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POS7, containing PARLIAMENTARI and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that Boar.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
26, CORNHILL, Lrjri-DoN.
Capital .Z.;‘,0,000.
Empowered b; Act of Parliament.
DIVT:0ION OF PROFITS.
The steady success
enabled the Dir and increasing prosperity of the Society has
second Bonus, -ect.'..es, at the last annual investigation, to declare a
Polic
averaging 60 per cent. on the amounts invested on each
y
effec cea on tke Profit scale.

LACE AND SONNETS.
THE ASSIGNEES of Mr. RUSSELL 166 n,
OXFORD-STREET, Laceman and Haberdasher, have sold
the whole of his ♦aluable stock, in one lot, for cash, to

FRANCE AND MOROCCO.
(From the Times.)
The violence and rapidity with which the succes-
sive operations of the French forces engaged in the
war with Morocco are carried :on, have at least the
advantage that they strengthen our hopes of a speedy
termination of this dangerous and embarrassing state
of hostilities on the confines of Europe. It was a
favourite argument of the organs of the Opposition,
who have attributed to France the formal design of
subjugating the empire of Morocco, that the war was
to be protracted by every imaginable artifice, and
the Moors menaced by the slow and steady progress
of the French armies, tending not only to the defeat
of their troops, but to the conquest of their territory.
It must, however, now be confessed, that if any arti-
fices have been used for the purposes of delay, they
have not been adopted by the French. Marshal
Bugeaud has fought a pitched battle against an army
at least three times as numerous as his own ; and the
Prince de Joinville has proceeded with the utmost
rapidity to destroy the principal mercantile port of the
empire. We trust that an interval may now inter-
vene, during which the effect of these operations on
the Sultan Abderachman may be discovered. The
French Government continue to demand the very
same terms, and no others, which they pro-
posed before the war began, namely, the disso-
lution of the large bodies of troops collected on
the borders of the province of Oran, and the ces-
sation of those supplies and that shelter in the terri-
tory of Morocco which have so long enabled Abd-el-
Kader to carry on a harassing system of warfare
along the confines of the Desert. The strongest as-
surances have been, and are still given, that the conces-
sion of these points by a formal treaty will at once
restore to France that security which is all she
claims, or bas any right to claim, and will terminate
the war.

tations: of John Bull himself ? John
_Bull has
fleets; knows he has; sees he has; but of what
value are fleets if merely to watch in silent awe or
scorn the work of enemies ? It would be exhilarat-
ing to learn what old Commodore Owen is purposing,
now he sees this next step at Mogadore. A wonder
is, how he restrained the blood of his British tars from
rising before this. And a miracle it will be if lieute-
nants, captains, and even cockswains of her Majesty's
naval service, are to be kept idle as they are left, from
some direct act of impeachable impetuosity. It is
high time to demand from M. Guizot the terminus
of his Morocco undertakings. For this country, it
has nothing to inquire about Abd-el-Kader—whether
the war is only to end by chasing him from even
the bare possibility of aggression on Algeria, or whe-
ther it end where it commenced, leaving the Emir
unsubjugated. That is the business of France. But
England has to see that in the martial race after
Abd-el-Kader, her commerce is not affected, her
political alliance not touched—the Morocco realm not
prevented from remaining intact. All that England
is to zee is, that her path over the Mediterranean is
free; that she retains, as she was accustomed to hold,
the command, for the passing to and fro of her ships,
the outlets and outports which connect it with the
ocean. The envy and jealousy of France at the
strong position of Britain in that sea, so far from
exciting surprise, is simply natural and most likely.
But England is not. to relinquish her power in that
quarter because envied in it by France. She won it by
sound, good, solid, British characteristics ; by enter-
prise, industry, courage, dauntless perseverance, a free
and lion spirit ; and she shall keep it, let the naval
armaments of France aspire to what they may—
let pseudo-democracy in France growl till the bull-
dog ire of her five hundred years' rival be fairly up.
Let England's cannon roll from the neighbourhood of
Mogadore till its reverberations be caught up by the
Gibraltar rock, and where the puny thunders of the
Suffren, La Belle Poule, the Jemappes ?—let echo
answer where. But war is not a thing to wish for,
if it can be decently averted. It is not to be denied,
however, that a suspicious indication of the necessity
or inevitability of it is given by this new occupation
on the French part ; and in anxiety it is awaited to
see what events on England's part will arise as a coun-
terbalance, or at least as an admonition to French am-
bition, that thus far shall it go, but not farther.

R. WILLIAMS, 57, MORTIMER-STREET,
Where it will be sold off at less than half the original prices.
Amongst other goods, there Is a large stock of the following :
Bonnets of the best quality and newest shape, In Leghorns, Tuscans,
Dunstables, and fancy straws ; gimps, fringes, haberdashery, hosiery,
gloves, worked muslin collars, cuffs, capes, chemisettes, stomachers,
habit-shirts, and Elizabethans ; French cambric handkerchiefs (plain
and trimmed); mourning millinery and collars ; silk, muslin, and
alpaeca aprons ; corded skirts, long-cloths, diapers, hollands, Irish
linens, table linens, and sheetings ; napkins, toweling, flannels ;
baby-linen, ladies' and children's under clothing, and stays ; trim-
mings in scollops, insertion, and flouncings worked en mall, jacconet,
cambric, book and French cambric (some soiled, very cheap) ; plain
and fancy muslins • French coloured and white tarlatans, and drawn
muslins ; Swiss ditto (two and a half yards wide) ; ladies' robes,
ribbons, lace, capes, collars, veils, falls, sleeves, cuffs, berthas, and a
quantity of very wide lace for flouncings (white and black); parasols,
umbrellas, flowers, can do Cologne, &c., &c.
*s. The whole of the above must be sold without reserve.

The division of profits is anneal, and the next will be made in De-
cember of the present year.
This Institution offers many Important and substantial advan-
tages with respect botk to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
The assured kas, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without ex-
pense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of tke premium paid,
(see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances
for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Sec.

TRADESAIAN'S and GENERAL MUTUAL
LIFE ASSURANCE and NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY.

There are peculiar advantages attendant on this Office. The
PROFITS are all DIVIDED AMONG the ASSURED. TWO-TIIIRDS
of the PREMIUMS paid may, after a certain period, BE BORROWED
by the Insurer on the security of his policy alone. HALF the
PREMIUMS MAY REMAIN UNPAID for the first five years.
The application of the principle of the BENEFIT CLUB, so as to
embrace the MIDDLE CLASSES, is an original feature in this
Society. Weekly payments of from 11. to 5/. per week during sick-
ness, combined with life assurance and deferred annuity, may be
secured on terms the most beneficial and liberal, and the premiums
may be paid monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, or yearly. Insurances
effected on INVALID and SICK LIVES, or on those below the ordi-
nary standard of health. WHOLE WORLD POLICIES granted on
the most liberal terms, Officers in the Army and Navy, Merchant
Captains, and Seamen and persons about to undertake long voyages,
or to reside in unhealthy climates, will find this Office most eligible
for Insurances, Annuities, and the ordinar:• business of a Life-office.
Prospectuses, and other information, may be had on application to
the Office. .

Parties of respectability, influence, and energy, living in any part
of the metropolis or the suburbs, or in the maritime or inland towns
of the empire, are required as Agents, and will, on application,
meet with every consideration.
THOMAS MH4GRA.ITE, Secretary.

n URGESS'S NEW SAUCE, for general pur-
poseA, having gained such great approbation, and the demand
for it continuing to increase, JOHN BURGESS and SON beg most
respec.ftilly to eller thus their best acknowledgments to the Publis
for their liberal patronage of the same ; its utility and great conveni-
ence in all climates have recommended V.. to the most distinguished
oreign connections, who have all spoken highly in its recommenda-
tion. It Ic prepared by them only ; and for preventing disappoint-
ment to families, all possible care has been resorted to, by each
bottle being sealed on the cork with their firm and address, as well
as each label having their signature, without which it cannot be
genuine.
JOHN EURGESS and SON'S long-established and mach-esteemed
ESSENCE of ANCHOTIES continues to be prepared by them after
the saute manner that has given the greatest satisfaction for many
yearn.
Warelsonse, 197, Strand, corner of Savoy Steps, London.

IMPORTANT to FAMILIES FURNISHING.
—A considerable saving can be effected in the purchase of
Furnishing Ironmongery, by visiting the PANKLIBANON IRON
WORKS, 58, Baker-street, Portman-square, where may be in-
spected the most extensive STOCK of IRONMONGERY GOODS In
the Kingdom, consisting of kitchen cooking utensils, German silver
wares, drawing-room stoves, shower and vapour baths, ornamental
iron work, garden Implements, japanned water cans and toilette pails,
best Sheffield plate, kitchen ranges, fenders and fire-irons, tea trays,
ornamental wirework, flower stands, table cutlery, &c. Every article
being marked in plain figures, at the lowest possible price, will fully
convince purchas; is at tills establishment of the great advantage re-
sulting from Cash payn:znts, as the proprietors warrant every article
of the very best manufacture, at a saving of at least 30 per cent.—
TIIORPE, FALLOWS, and Co., 58, Baker-street, Portman-square.
—A liberal allowance to merchants and captains.

Medium octavo, in arabesque binding, price 10s. 6d.
WALKS ABOUT THE CITY AND ENVI-
RONS OF JERUSALEM. By W. 11. BARTLETT. Il-
lustrated by Nine Engravings on Steel, by Conseil, Bentley, and
Brandard ; a Map ; and nearly Forty superior Woodcuts.
The object of this Work is to give a correct idea of the Present
State of this memorable city, from personal observation. The
" Walks " embrace the principal objects of interest, many of which
have not been drawn or described in any previous publication.
EXTRACTS TAKEN FROM A FEW OP THE PERIODICALS :
" Our impression is that Jerusalem was never before so success-
fully delineated."—Evangelical Magazine.
" The views are well chosen, are not made up, and are most feel-
ingly executed."—Church of England Quarterly Review.
" Mr. Bartlett's descriptions are distinct and lively, every sentence
Is a picture."—The Spectator.
" We can assert that his descriptions are clear ani his illustrations
flne.—Tait's Magazine.
" We can accord to the labours of the author and artist the highest
praise."—Literary Gazette.
" We have at length in this attractive volume what approaches to
the desideratiin of a complete picturesque guide to the topography of
Jerusalem."—Patriot.
London : George Virtue, 26, Ivy-lane, and sold by all Booksellers.

Just published, 12m0., price Is.,
fIONSTIPATION DESTROYED,
k or Exposition of a NATURAL, simple, agreeable, end infal-
lible MEANS, not only of OVERCOMING, but also of completely
DESTROYING habitual CONSTIPATION, without using either
purgatives, or any artificial means whatever (discovery recently made
in France by M. Warton), followed by numerous certificates from
eminent physicians and other persons of distinction. Free by the
post, Is. Gel.
Sold by James Youens and Co., Tea-dealers, 45, Ludgate-hill,
London ; and by all Booksellers in the United Kingdom.

LAMERT ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, AND ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c.
" He who it, pleasure's downy arms
Ne'er lost his health or youthfulcharms,
A hero lives, and justly can
Exclaim, in me behold a man I"
Just published (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price 2s. 6d.,
or sent by post, free, to any address, as. 6d.,
QELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on
k. 3 those concealed disorders originating in youthful excesses,
and terminating in Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, and all those Sinkings, Anxieties, and Tremors, which
afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Restoration.
By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon
9, BEDFORD-STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of
Apothecary's Hall, London,&c.

_ .
. The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent privileges of mankind, are frequently marred and prevented
through the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
among others, this Essay addresses itself; and by its perusal many
questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even
to the most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette.
_ .. .

"The design of this work will be tolerably 'obvious from its title,
and we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are
coffering from nervous debility and general weakness."—Wakefleld
Journal.
Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
52, Paternoster-row; Starie, 23, Tichberne-street, Quadrant, Regent
street; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; Noble, Ili, Chancery-
lane; Gordon, 116, Learlenhall-street ; and by all Booksellers.
.At home every day till Three, and from Five till Eight.

INVENTORS and other GENTLEMEN in the
possession of INTERESTING MODELS or WORKS of ART,
who intend to deposit them at the ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTI-
TUTION, are respectfully requested to forward them on or before
the 31st inst., in order that they may- be inserted in the REVISED
CATALOGUE. All such works are received gratuitously, and the
depositor has free admission to the Institution. Working Models are
Daily Explained, and, where the subject admits, are described in a
Lecture. R. J. LONGBOTTOM, Secretary.

N.B. The Institution is open Daily, as usual.

ROSHERVILLE GARDENS.—These novel
and interesting Grounds (which now present all their attrac-
tions) far surpass in brilliancy of effect any other in the United King-
dom. Their beauties are daily appreciated by hosts of fashionable
visitors, who here enjoy all the delights of retirement with the com-
bined advantage of the amusements of Archery, Ride Shooting', and
the Maze, which of itself forms a fund of great amusement. As usual,
a grand Filo and Gala, Mondays and Wednesdays, accompanied by a
splendid display of Fireworks. Baron Nathan, M.C. The steam-
boats are both cheap and expeditious, calling at the Rosherville Pier
every half hour. Admission to the Gardens, 6d. each.

-
REMOVED FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LONDON.
Just published, price 2s. 64., and free by post (in a sealed envelope)
Price 3s, 6d.,
THE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical Work on
Human Frailty and Physical Decay, its causes, and the
baneful effects of excessive indulgence and infection, illustrated
by engravings, with observations on Marriage, and directions for
the removal of certain disqualifkations.
By R. and L PERRY and CO.
Published by the Authors, and sold at their Residence, 19, Demers.
street, Oxford-street • also by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row; Purkis,
Compton-street, Soho; Noble, 109, Chancery-lane, Crocker, I,
Milford-lane, Strand; Ward, Strand (opposite Exeter-hall) ; WiL
son, 359, Oxford street (two doors from Argyle-street); Phillips,
264, Oxford-street; J. Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street, London;
Guest, 51, Bull-street, Birmingham; and by all Booksellers in
Town and Country.
The CORDIAL BALM of SYRI ACUM is exclusively directed
for the cure of nervous ant muscular debility, impuissance, five.
Price Ils. and 235. per bottle. Sold by all Medicine Vendors, of
whom may be had the " Silent Friend." The Five Pound Cases
may be had as usual.
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS are the most effbctua
cure for syphilis and secondary symptoms in both sexer, price 2s. 9d.
4s. 6d., and Its, per box.
Consultation fee, if by let, er, 1/. A minute detail of cases is ne-
cessary. Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance, for Consultation, at
their residence, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, Londcn, from
Eleven till Two, and Five till Eight, and on Sundsys from Ten till
Twelve. One personal visit only is necessary to effect apermancnt cure

EMPLOYMENT.—Persons having a little time
to spare are apprised that Agents continue to he appointed in
London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA. TEA COMPANY,
or the sale of their celebrated teas.

Offices, No. 9, Groat St. Helen's-churchyard, Eighopsgate-street.
They are packed in showy leaden canisters, from one ounce to a
pound, with the price and weight marked on each packet, and but
ittle trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only I Is. per
annum, and many during tke last nineteen years have realised con-
siderable incomes by the agency without one shilling let or loss.
Applications to be mode (if by letter post-paid) as above.

The bombardment of Mogadore is one of the
leading operations of the maritime campaign, which
was foreseen and projected from the moment that
hostilities became inevitable; and in this respect it is
less calculated to call forth our animadversion than
the attack on Tangiers. Indeed, although no very
detailed account can yet have reached us of the pre-
cise mode of operations adopted against this place by
the French squadron, we are enabled to form a toler-
able conjecture as to the nature of the attack, by our
knowledge of the preparations made by the order of
the French Government for this very purpose. The
port of Mogadore is known to be too shallow to admit
of the close approach of ships of the line within such a
distance as to effect the destruction of the fortifica-
tions. With a view to this circumstance some light
vessels, called bric canonieres, carrying four guns, were
prepared some time ago in one of the principal French
arsenals, and ordered to join the squadron. These gun-
boats were to be placed under the command of an officer
well known for his services on the coast of Africa, the
late Governor of Senegal, who probably supplied the
French Government with the requisite information as
to the state of the harbour of Mogadore. If these
facts are accurate, as we believe they will turn out to
be, it is probable that the bombardment was com-
menced by the gunboats, and that under the shelter
of their fire a landing was effected on an island
situated at the mouth of the harbour, from which it
became practicable to bring a heavier battering train
to hear upon the city. The nature of this mode of
attack will also explain the very considerable loss of
men which appears to have attended the action. We
must, however, wait for further particulars before the
accuracy of this supposition can be ascertained.
Several circumstances connected with Mogadore
and our own relations with the Empire of Morocco
tend to heighten the anxiety with which we await the
arrival of further intelligence. That port is by far
the most important place of trade in the empire, and
we might almost add on the whole coast of Africa,
for since the French occupation of Algeria the cara-
vans from the interior of the country, as well as the
merchants of Morocco, are principally supplied with
British commodities through Mogadore. The total
and fierce devastation of such a city—not only of the
fortifications, but of the city ; the occupation of an
island in the harbour, in which a French garrison
has been placed; the establishment of a blockade;
and the possible, if not probable, destruction of
British property by the bombardment, are events
which can hardly fail to increase the danger which
already beset, to no small amount, the maintenance
of our pacific relations with France ; and, although
we refrain from expressing a peremptory opinion on
a case which is only certainly known to us at present
through the imperfect medium of a telegraphic dis-
patch, there is certainly enough known already to call
forth the utmost vigilance on the part of the Queen
of England's Government.
As it is, however, most important not to allow this
reasonable anxiety to degenerate into excessive
apprehension, it is well to bear in mind the analogy
which certainly exists between these operations of
the French and our own recent proceedings in the
war with China. We assume that the object of the
two Governments in both wars was the same, namely,
not the acquisition of territory, but to compel a bar-
barous Court, ill-acquainted with the real strength of
the enemy it affected to defy, to accede to certain
conditions calculated to give peace and security to the
future relations of the two countries • to this we
added, which the French do not on this occasion, a
specific claim of indemnity, and the occupation of an
island. The mode of enforcing compliance with these
demands of ours was by attacks or contributions
levied on the maritime towns, and eventually by the
invasion of the principal river of the empire. With
some allowances for circumstances peculiar to China,
and for the interest other European States have in
Morocco, the cases are not so dissimilar as to allow
us to express any very lively surprise or irritation at
a conduct on the part of France so like that which we
should probably have held under similar circum-
stances. Most earnestly
do we hope that this parallel
will not end in the work of violence and the opera-
tions of war ; that the same liberal and temperate
spirit which dictated the conditions of the British
treaty with China will prevail in the future adjust-
ment of the quarrel between France and ;
and that the Sovereign
meantime,t neg
facts, this
a dnt ibds the sdnt
ere
toxeutr smfewe dt days ofc
yt heart
otherrane country may not b e
driven by his own obstina
and unequal contest. In the
r eo
fb a
pb
el cyl
,e a
hr
out
hp
course
with regard to Morocco and Ot h erte on which the
peace of the world 'depends a
; and we have reason to
believe that, if the balance drops to the side of war,
the present French Ministry will retire from the
direction of the Government, overpowered not by the
Opposition, but by a crisis in affairs they have
anxiously laboured to avert.
(From the Morning Advertiser.)
The battle of Islet and the bombardment of Moga-
dore have now to be added to the record of French
progress in Mauritania. Neither has the Admiral of
the Gallic fleet been restrained,
as he was at Tan-
giers, from the fact of occupation, but has literally
proceeded to the point of taking possessien of the
port of Mogadore, as well as of an island opposite,
and of establishing on the latter a garrison, suited of
course to the demands of strength made •
upon it. On
the receipt of this intelligence the French funds fell. 1
No wonder they did. This is the matter which makes
a call—a fresh and imperative one—upon the attention
of this country. The Morocco question may now be
said to have assumed an aspect in which everything
like the solid interests of Great Britain in the Medi-
terranean must take alarm. It will be inadmissible
to argue that by the formal occupation of a certain
portion of Morocco territory, France has only done
that which, under the circumstances, was natural and
do. It will be
proper for her to senseless to assume
that occupy where she conquers she must, if it were
only for the sake of bringing the differences between
herself and Abderrahman to a termination. When a
post is occupied by an enemy, when h it to be relin-
quished . • hed The end of war may not be the
surrender of parts of soil taken in war. A
reason may be, found for retention, precisely as
well as for a first annexation. France may de-
mand the securities of an undisturbed peace • and
' just as easily as she has taken the island off' Moga-
dore, may insist upon the necessity of its remaining
hers. Under these facts, what is England to do ? It
has been said, touch Morocco, the merest point of it,
to the effect of occupation, and the amicable relations
between France arid England are at an end. Now
France has touched the Morocco territory, She has
raised her banner on a portion of it. She has taken
possession of a port on the coast most important—
most imminent to British interests. This is the limit
the question has reached to-day. Now, what step is
England to take in it ? What course does Lord
Aberdeen propose for himself? Remain passive ;
wait, still ; we suppose. But remain passive—wait
on still idle spectators, for what? Does Lord Aber-
deen know ? Can he tell this country, for what pur-
pose ? That France may extend the line of her
occupation. That M.
Marshal Bugeaud on land, and
Admiral M. de Joinville afloat, may let the world
see what she can do, only if Great Britain will
remain quiet. But will this meet the expec•

IIR W. BURNETT'S PATENT
The cheapest and best process for the Preservation of Timber,
Canpas, Cordage, Cotton, Woollen &c.

Licelses granted to Noldemen and Gentlemen to use the Prepara-
tion ; and to others for the purposes of Trade, •u advantageous,
terms.

Hydraulic Apparatus and Tanks, for the expeditious preparation of
the Above materials, at the principal station Millwall, Poplar, nearly
opposite Greenwich.
Numerous Specimens and Testimonials may be seen, and every in-
formation obtained at the Office, No. 53, King William-street, Lon-
don-bridge.

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE,

wool ; this duty has since been increased until the money
duty amounts to 35f. on unwashed, and 55f. on washed
wool, and has become very burdensome to European
commerce. The export of oorn is totally prohibited,
and whole provinces producing enough to load a whole
fleet are reduced to the most abject poverty. The
Sultan finding that, notwithstanding this excessive in.
crease of duty, the produce allowed to be exported was
still purchased, and that the purchasers continued to
gain a profit upon it, he determined to appropriate to
himself a portion even of this gain. The merchants of
Mogadore, in order to meet these heavy charges upon
their exports, were obliged to augment the prices of the
merchandise they imported from Europe. Now the im-
port duties amount to only 10 per cent.—the Sultan
could not take more upon the goods to be consumed by his
own subjects, because their poverty would prevent them
from purchasing if the prices were raised too high. But
there must be added to the 10 per cent. the regalos, or
particular claims of the Pacha and the chief officers of
the customs, and also the perpetual frauds committed in
taking the weights and measures. To prevent the
decay of the commerce of Mogadore, Abderrahman con-
ceived the idea of granting credit for the customs duties
to Moorish and Jewish merchants, and to one or two
.chiropean houses. This gave birth to a crowd of small
dealers without capital, who went keadlong into specu-
lations, and the trade of ➢iogadore lost all its solidity, and
the Sultan runs the risk of losing several millions as
soon as it is stopped by the war."