The Sun.
London, England, 1828-06-13 00:00:00

under which they might again go out on their
.roving buccaneering cruises against the commerce
of friendly and neutral Powers. li. is observed by
the ingenious Captain Head, in a pamphlet pub-
lished the other chay,on the subject of. Emigration,
" that the moral space which exists between the
state of society in our own country and that of South
America seems almost greater than the actual dis-
tance which separates us ; and the manhood and
complicated arrangements of the one, compared
wit 4 the infancy and simplicity of the other, form
one of the strongest contrasts in nature." The fact
is, that morality, like every thing else, is the creature
of necessity ; and that till population has made
such progress that food and other indispensiblc wants
require the display: of constant industry, morality
and law will always be at the lowest ebb. When the
means of subsistence; can be obtained everywhere
with little or no exertioa,•law can have no sanction,
and there can be little motive for the preservation
of a character for regularity or honest dealing.
Hence the ancestors of every ancient family in Eu-
rope were robbers; hence, honesty or principle, in
the European sense of the word, is not to be found
in any part of South America; and hence in Russia,
a country also still in its infancy, morality has yet to
be introduced. Dr. Lyal says, that with the ex-
ception of one Judge . in Moscow, it was under-
stood that there was not a Judge in all the Em-
pire of Russia who was not grossly corrupt. Bri-
bery in all classes is as notorious as the sun at
noon-day. Von Buch says, that a Norwegian
never purchases the slightest commodity from a
Russian, without taking the greatest precaution
against fraud. - Men is always the creature of cir-
cumstanres; and though he may undoubtedly be mo-
dified by Government, among other circumstances,
yet those who expect that the mere nature of the
• Government, whether Aristocracy or Democracy,
can counteract all the other circumstances in hie si-
tuation, know little of the nature of their species, and
have read history to very little purpose. This puny
Lordling, who seems equal to little more than the
composition of a soft sonnet, and whose mind is ay
unable to understand the mode in which man is in-
fluenced by the Circumstances in his situation, as any
of the Eunuchs of the Seraglio, ventured to deliver
himself of some observations, last night, on the con-
duct pursued by the British Government towards
South America, which deserve some notice :
"He thought it right (he said), to look else-
where fos redress, than to those Republics
which were founded on rebellion, and prop-
ped up by piracy, the vice of their origin still
clinging to them, and stamping on all their proceed-
ings its own characteristics. This creation of ours
was any thing but creditable to us; for if the time
should ever come—though he prayed to God it
might be far distant : but if the time should ever
come, when we were again at war with the United
States of North America, we should find that we
had been recruiting the navies of that Power, and
then we should repent separating them from Spain,
under the responsibility of which State we shall then
wish we had quietly suffered them to remain." If
the Noble Lord had said that revolutions of any
kind, whether civil or religious, must, among their
immediate effects, produce considerable demorali-
zation, we could have understood him. But
this would not satisfy him, but lie mint try
the South Americans and our own Government
by the rules of the Metternich school of legi-
timacy. The Government of Spain, in the
New World, was so nnnatural, that it necessarily
/produced the various Revolutions. The history
of the world is time history of Revolutions, and blame
or praise is equally misplaced in judging of what is
generally a matter of imperious necessity. It is not
mere absurd to quarrel with a stone descending a
hill for obeying the laws of gravitation, than to
quarrel with the South American States for freeing
themselves the first moment that presented itself
&Um the unnatural position in which Spain at-
tempted to retain them. The Government of
Spain had for object to prevent the people from
availing themselves of their resources ; and such a
Government must, sooner or later, have been over-
turned. If this Lerdling imagine that any abstract
principle—call it legitimacy,. or call it by any other
came—can prevent either in the Old or New World
the results which the nature of things prepares, he
is under a very gross delusion. As to the idea of
constraining South America to remain under
Spain for the sake of preventing the contingent
advantage the American Navy may derive from
the change, it is as illiberal as it is ridiculous.
The commerce of this country has benefitted greatly
by the emancipation of South America, and as
its population increases, our commerce will grow in
value. Exaggerated notions, we know, were enter-
tained of the rapidity with which the commerce
would increase, by men who were not aware that
commerce is barter, and that it cannot be increased
more rapidly than the production of commodities to
be exchanged will admit of. We exported to South
America without reference to the capabilities of the
people to produce commodities to pay for the im-
ports, and hence we have to thank our own folly for
our disappointment. We repeat, that we think our
Government has been culpably negligent of its duty
to our merchants, and far too respectful in the treat-
ment of the South Americans. 'Um latter ought to
be chastised without much ceremony. We have
merely said so much to mark our sense of the puerile
observations of Lord Strangford, who ought to be
sent to Constantinople, or 50111 C other place, where
he may be debarred from public speaking, as soon as
possible.—Mw Wing Chronicle.

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