The Sun.
London, England, 1844-09-13 00:00:00

LAmEttr ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS; ANI ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &C.
He who in pleasure's downy arms
Ne'er lost his health or youthfu 'charms,
A here lives, and justly can
Exclaim, In me behold a man I"
Just published (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price Ss. 6d.,
or sent by post, free, to any address, 3s. 6d.,
QELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on
V,/ those concealed disorders, originating in youthful excesses,
and terminating In Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, and all those Sinking', Anxieties, and Tremors, which
afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Restoration.
By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon,
9, BEDFORD.STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of
Apothecary's Hall, London,&c.
. -

" The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent privileges of mankind, are frequently marred and prevented
through the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
amang others, this Essay addresses itself; and by its perusal many
questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even
to the most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette.
"The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from its title,
and we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are
suffering from nervous debility and general weakness."—Wakefield
Journal. _ _

Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
52, Paternoster-row; Starie, 23, Tichberne-street, Quadrant, Regent
street; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; Noble, llt, Chancery-
lane; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; and by all Booksellers.
At home every day till Three, and from Five till Eight.

PUiILIC NOTICE.
434, OXFORD-STREET.
TO SHIPPERS, OWNERS, CAPTAINS, AND OTHERS.
Copies of Testimonials, Gratis, by all Agents.
GRTAISTONE'S EYE SNUFF.—Under the
Patronage of his late Majesty, her Royal Highness the
Duchess of Kent, and the Lords of the Treasury, is universally re-
commended by the Faculty for its efficacy in removing disorders
ncident to the Eyes and Head.
SIGHT RESTORED!—NERVOUS HEADACHE AND
DEAFNESS CURED!
By the most simple, delightful, and fragrant Compound!
Its mode of application is fraught with pleasure; many thousand
cures have been accomplished by its use, at a trifling expense, yet
certain in its operation. If testimonies be necessary to induce the
sufferer to snake trial, Kings, Lords, and Commons have used it.
The Lords of the Treasury have sanctioned its use. Their late Ma-
jesties, the Duchess of Kent, the most eminent Oculists, Medical
Practitioners—with that gigantic balance, the Press—have eulogised
Grimstone's celebrated Herbaceous Compound, known as " Grim-
stone's Eye Snuff," fox its efficacy in removing all diseases incident
to the Eves and Head. G. J. Guthrie ,Esq , F.R.S. See .1. B. Each-
field, Esq.'s Letter, Whitehall. Dr. Thomas. Dr. Andrews calls it
a national blessing—see his Reports touching its utility. The late
Mr. Abernethy, with many others, recommend Grimatone's Eye
Snuff, and call it " Man's best Friend," and the "Student's Vale
Mecum."
Dr. Andrews also recommends its use as a preventive. See his
reports in Nov. MI. He states that the tenacious sympathy of the
membrane, within the nostrils, with the nervous system, that Grim-
stome's Eye Snuff, when frequently taken, must he of the greatest
benefit to the consumer; and, further, recommends its universal
adoption as a preventative.
Dr. Thomas, of Hatfield, having witnessed many cases both of
headache and ophthalmia, has kindly given his testimony thereof.
A few of the many the mans! Testimonials of Sight restored and
Deafness cured by GRIMSTONE'S EYE SNU :
4, T. W. GrlMStOne, 1.5 q. April 20th, 1144.
" Dear Sir,-1 feel hound by a sense of justice to inform you of
the miraculous cure effected on myself by taking a few pinches of
the far celeb, ded Gemstone's Ese Snuff, which, i i my case, ought
rather to be called Ear Snuff,' it ha,ing effectually relieved me from
a deafness from which I have been suffering for many years. You are
at liberty to make any use you please of this communication, since I
should much regret if the extraordinary qualities of your Eye Snuff
were not universally known.
" I am, dear Sir, your obedient servan',
" Granton, Scotland. " MARGARET MACGREGOR.
" 1 can vouch for the truth of the foregoing facts and statements.
" May 8, .Bi 4. " JAMES SHUTER, Kentbury, Berks."
G. W. M. Reyno'ds, editor of Chambers' London Journal, Six.. Six.,
relieved c f excruciating pains, and can now write without spectacles
—3B, Stamford-st_ eet, Blacafriar's.road.
Maclaine F. Lespis, facing the church, Park-street, Windsor • cured
of dimncss of sight and headache.-9th September, 1838, and 1843.
J. B. 1 achffel 1, Esq. ; cured of Ophthalmia. Whitehall and
Thatched House Tavern —Sec his letters, 1838 and 1812.
Observe the Caution—W. GRI MS TONE is the sole inventor,
and the only genuine is prepared by bins.
This Odoriferous Herbaceous Compound of Herbs is sold in
canisters, at Si., Is. Pd., s.s. Id. 4s. Id., Bs., and 15s. fid. each, by the
Proprietor, W. RIISISTIJNI% at No. 434, Oxford-street, Totten-
eam-court-road end (late or No. Broad-street, Bloomsbury),
and at the Herbary, Highg de; and can also he Witained in all the
principal Towns and Cities. A liberal allowance to Shippers
Owners, Captains, and all Vendors of Grimstone's Eye Snuff. This
celebrated Snuff is shipped to all quarters of the globe, and retains
its benign qualities in every climate, All Snuffs and Cigers shipped
on the shortest notice.
.A icy quantity can be forwarded throu h the Geleral Post, by
sending mot ey orders. A fls. 4d. asnister, with postage, will cost
3.5, and to on nalike proportion.
hERBA RY. HIGHGATE.

PROGRESS OF THE ROYAL

SQUADRON.

CROMER, MONDAY, MIDNIGIEL—The royal squa-
dron passed Cromer coast-guard station precisely at
forty five minutes past twelve. Her Majesty's yacht
was well guarded to prevent accident from collision;
the weather fine, the atmosphere rather hazy, with a
light wind from the north, and her course was
N.N.W. for the Dudgeon Light (twenty-eight miles
distant), and outside of the Hasborough Sands.
At daybreak, on Tuesday morning, the royal yacht
was abreast of the new Sand Light, near the entrance
of the Humber ; and at precisely nine o'clock the
royal cortege passed Flamborough-head, the extreme
east point of the coast of Yorkshire. A letter states
that her Majesty's yacht passed within a mile and a
half of the land, two steamers following close in the
rear. The weather was very hazy at the time, and
very few persons assembled to witness the sight, as
the squadron was not expected to pass until two or
three hours after. There was a fine breeze blowing
from the westward, but none of the steamers availed
themselves of it by setting canvas.
At Scarborough considerable preparations had been
made to welcome her Majesty, and a number of vessels
had left the harbour at an early hour to meet the
royal yacht. At ten o'clock the squadron was ahead
of the Castle, within two miles of the land, headed by
her Majesty's yacht, when a royal salute was fired
from the fort.

After leaving Scarborough, the royal yacht con-
tinued the north- west track close in along the coast,
passing before twelve o'clock the Great Yorkshire
Cliff, Rohinhood Bay, and Whitby, where similar
demonstrations of loyalty were exhibited. The
squadron bore away in the direction of Sunderland.
TYNEMOUTI_,I NEAR NORTH SHIELDS, TUESDAY
AFTERNOON, FIVE o'CLocK.—(Extract of a letter.)
—lt being well known at Newcastle that her Ma-
jesty and the royal squadron would be off Tynetnouth
Bar in the course of this afternoon, caused thousands
of persons to come down the North Shields Railway,
and by noon the entire. beech, fortress, cliffs, and
ruins of the venerable abbey, were crowded with
spectators. The day was truly beautiful—a brilliant
sun, with a gentle westerly wind, and the sea, as
smooth even as the Thames at London-bridge,
covered with a large number of boats, and several
steamers, crowded with people who had gone out to
greet her Majesty and her illustrious husband. At
about half-past two o'clock two steamers were seen
beating up the inner channel, and on their nearing
the most intense interest was manifested, as they
proved to be the royal yacht, and the standard of
England flying at the mainmast, and another large
Government steamer. The latter was apparently
picking out the track, and the steam yacht was
following about a mile astern. A company of
the 26th Regiment, under the command of Colonel
Moltram, stationed at Tynemouth garrison, were
drawn out on the esplanade, and presented arms as
the Royal yacht passed, but, to the astonishment of
all, no salute was fired from the fortress. The fisher-
men of South Shields did exhibit all the loyalty they
cot 14. muster,; and fif,ed .severat gun s from th eie,
crafts, :at the same time lowering the -C'clotirs ?they'
had hoisted. The Tyne steamer went close alongside
of the royal yacht (which was abreast of Tynemouth
Bar precisely at half-past three), and loudly cheered
the Royal party. To the great disappointment of the
visitors neither her Majesty nor Prince Albert were
on deck, nor could they be observed through the
cabin windows. Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence, how-
ever, acknowledged their loyalty on the part of her
Majesty. The two steamers came close in shore
within about a mile, and it was a most beautiful
sight. They were apparently passing through the
water at the rate of twelve miles an hour ; and the
general opinion amongst the pilots was, on account of
the fineness of the weather, the steamers would go
inside the Fern Islands, and reach Bamborough at
about nine o'clock at night. The passage from London
to Tynemouth effected by the Royal yacht •is the
quickest on record; the distance, 320 miles, was ac•
complished in about twenty-nine hours.

DREADFUL OCCURRENCE.—Yesterday afternoon,
the following shocking occurrence took place in the
New-cut, Blackfriars-road, by which a fine little boy,
named Thomas Smith, three years of age, lost his life
under distressing circumstances. It appears that
about a quarter to six o'clock in the afternoon, the
father of the deceased, who is a carmaq in the
employ of Mr. Burgess, a cow keeper in the Corn-
wall-road, was driving his own cart, which was
heavily laden, homeward. The father of the de-
ceased had, a few moments previous, had twopence
given to him for the purpose of procuring a pint of
porter, he accordingly stopped for a minute at the door
of a public house, from whence he had half a pint of
beer, he drank a portion, and leaving the child to finish
the remainder, proceeded onwards. The boy, when in
the New-cut, ran after, and had just overtaken his
parent, when he either accidentally fell or was knocked
down beneath the wheels of the cart his father was
driving. He stopped the horse as quick as possible,
when it was found that one of the wheels was resting
upon the unfortunate child's neck. The horse they at-
tempted to back, but the animal refused, and they were
compelled to urge him onwards, before the deceased
could be picked up. He was conveyed to the surgery of
Mr. Marshall, who, on examination, fo-and that life was
quite extinct. That gentleman said death must have
been instantaneous. The father, who was in an almost
frantic state, bears a most excellent character for steadi-
ness and sobriety.
A CURE FOR THE DISTEMPER IN CATTLE, BY THE
EARL OF ESSEX.—I cannot resist giving a receipt for
the treatment of beasts that may take the prevalent dis-
temper. It showed itself last winter in one of my yard
stock, by its discharging abundant saliva from the
mouth, with sore and inflamed tongue and gums, very
dull, no appetite, confined bowels, and very hot horns.
I desired die bailiff to give him one half-pint of the
spirit of turpentine, with one pint linseed oil, repeating
the oil in twenty-four hours, and again repeating it ac-
cording to the state of the evacuations. At the end of
twenty-four hours more, the bowels riot having been
well moved, I repeated both turpentine and oil. In two
days the beast showed symptoms of amendment, and in
three or four took to his food again, and did perfectly
well. All the yard beasts and two of the fattening
beasts have had it (five others I had sent to London be-
fore the disease appeared), and all have been treated in
the same manner with perfect success. Half a pint of
turpentine is the smallest, and one pint the largest close
during three or four days. Little food beside oatmeal
gruel was given.—Qitatterly Journal of Agriculture.
rThe remedy above prescribed has been found effectual
in this neighbourhood in several cases, even where the
disease had attained a considerable height. It seas tried
with success by a farmer near Donnemana, and many of
his neighbours Is hose cattle had taken the distemper.—
Londonderry ,Sentinel.]

C lIIN A.
We received on Monday, via Calcutta, advices front
China to the 6th of June. Trade was then very dull.
The English community were living in terror of an out-
break amongst the populace, both at Canton and Hong-
Kong; at the latter place the guard of Marines sta-
tioned at the British Consul's establishment had been
considered insufficient for security; and although the
Marine establishment had been increased, so great were
the apprehensions entertained by the authorities of their
danger, that a guard ship had been sent for to Whampoa
to lie off the city. Admiral Sir Thomas Cochrane ar-
rived at Hong-Kong on the 4th ultimo. His Excellency
Keying, the Imperial Commissioner, reached Canton on
the 3d of May, on his way to Macao,.o bid adieu to Sir
H. Pottinger. It was understood, however, that Keying
had another object in view, namely, to make arrange-
ments for the visit of the American Ambassador, Mr.
Cushing, to Pekin, whither he was about to proceed,
with a view of negotiating a treaty of commerce with
the Imperial- aovernmenr. A letter, dated Macao the
6th ultimo, says—" Keying, it is supposed, will be able
to satisfy the wishes of the American and French Com-
missioners here, and prevent their proceeding further
north; which is very desirable, as the people at Chusan,
Ningpo, and Shanghae, have got it into their heads,
that the French and the Americans have combined to
drive the English out of China, and by last accounts,
were busy removing their valuables into the country and
placing their money in secure places." The Mandarins
were doing what they could to allay their apprehensions,
but to little purpose. The French frigate Alemene had
visited Chusan, and left again for the Yang-tze-Keang;
and Admiral Cochrane having at the sometime withdrawn
the English vessels of war from Shanghae and Ningpo,
had confirmed them in the belief that their fears were well
founded; business was consequently at a stand at the
three northern ports. The French, having little or no
trade with China, of course have nothing to lose by keep
ing the country in a ferment with their pompous em-
bassies. With the Americans it is different, and it is to
be hoped that Mr. Cushing will finish his negotiations
there with the Chinese Commissioners. His doing so
may induce the French to do the same ; but if they go
north to show oft their formidable fleet at every foreign
port, little trade, it is to be feared, will be done any-
where except Canton, until they return and leave these
waters. The French Ambassador had not arrived. Sir
Henry Pottinger, it was expected, would leave China
about the 15th of July, in the steamer Spiteful for this
port.—Bombay Times of July 24.
TRADE OF AMOL—The Friend of China says:—
" That though the nearest of all the new ports, Amoy is
the one of a hich we hear least. There is a constant
communication kept up between this colony and that
port, by Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co.'s opium
vessels, but there is a mystery thrown over all the move-
ments of their ships engaged in the illicit trade, which is
not to be penetrated ; they come and go without mail,
passenger, or even the ceremony of intimating their
arrival or intended departure to the harbour-master.
Like the phantom ship of the Cape, they pass to and fro,
and nothing more is known. The great proportion of
the legitimate trade with Amoy has consisted of cotton
wool and Straits' produce. In cotton piece goods, for
the first five months after opening the port, the gross
amount of sales did not exceed 35,000 dollars ; of cotton
twist, 52,000 dollars; woolens, 14,000 dollars. In all
article of import, with the exception of opium, for the
first year the amount will not exceed 1,000,000 dollars.
The exports, so] far, are trifling, being rather under
30,000 dollars."

LORD ELLENBOROUGH'S RECAL.
The following comments upon, and explanation of,
Lord Ellenborough's recal, are from the Englishman,
his Lordship's own organ in Calcutta. The self-defence
of the Governor-General against the Directors is at least
curious : _

" We are inclined to believe that no papers, which are
likely to be published, either by the Government or the
Court of Directors, will throw any more light upon the
real motives of this measure than is visible at present.
Of course, the papers will contain the alleged,. the os-
tensible reasons. It is not unlikely that the general
policy of Lord Ellenborough's government may have
afforded occasion for objection and remonstrance. It is
not difficult to point out measures which admit of rea-
sons for disapprobation ; and it is not improbable that
such disapprobation has been expressed in very strong
terms, if, for no other reason, for the sake of affording
a handle for the removal of the Governor-General, which
it seems was contemplated and proposed eight months
before it took place. But we do not think that any one,
who has been an attentive observer of Lord Ellenbo-
rough's career, will be misled by any such pretext on
the part of the Court of Directors. Lamentations over
the fallen Princes of Sinde ; cries of affected philanthropy
on receipt of the Gwalior dispatches, come with an ill
grace from those who bore without a murmur Lord
Auckland's invasion of Affghanistan, of which they had
declared their disapproval, and who even urged upon him
to retain a little longer the high office which he had
filled so much to their satisfaction. The difference is not
in the measures, but in the men. The Company ex-
ists only for and by patronage ; in it they live, and
move, and have their being. This object next their
heart has been cruelly outraged by the present Governor-
General. His very first step on his arrival caused dismay
in Leadenhall-street. It was well known that the private
secretary of the late Governor General held the patron-
age of India in his hands, and rumours were not unfre-
quent that a sort of family compact existed, by which
the influence of the Court would continue to bear directly
on all Indian appointments, from the resident at a fo-
reign Court down to a lighthouse-keeper. Rumour
also stated that the late secretary had been strongly
persuaded to remain, to hold under the new Governor
the same situation, with the same authority. Great,
then, was the disappointment in certain quarters, when
another name was publicly announced, and greater still,
when applicants for office, holding letters from highly
influential quarters, were told by the great man himself
that he looked upon such recommendations as so many
pieces of waste paper. But loud was the murmur of
disappointment, when it was publicly announced that
the rule of the new Government was to appoint the
fittest person who could be found to fill a vacancy, with-
out regard to connections or solicitatiops. When, in
additiott to ...th is, it was seen that. no. .near relatiattship.
with Leadenhall-street would be allowed to screen men
from the consequences of official misconduct, and that
the day was over when proved unfitness for one public
situation was likely to be rewarded by appointment to a
better, great was the cry of despair, and every mail
went loaded with complaints of the neglect of just claims
(i. e. of connection), and of the appointment of men to
coveted situations, merely because they had done their
duty. Such a state of affairs cou'd not last. Leadenhall-
street was agitated as it had not been since 1832. The
Tories, whom it had' so steadily supported, even in their
adiersity, were reproached with ingratitude ; and at last
the coup d'etat was resolved on, when remonstrance was
found unavailing.
" The Indian civil service is notoriously the apple of
the Company's eye. It has been lamentably shorn of its
advantages ; it is no longer the life of undisturbed ease
and great emolument, which it once was. Still it has its
prizes, and is that branch of the public service which the
Directors have ever reserved for their own family con-
nections and immediate friends. What then could be
more offensive to them, than a public declaration that the
Governor-General would always look upon service in
the field as the highest claim to reward ? What more
alarming than to find, in conformity with this declara-
tion, lucrative civil appointments bestowed upon the
military men ? Besides, it is well known that plans
have often been in agitation for making military service
a necessary step to all public employment, except judi-
cial, in India. Might not the present Governor-General
be just the man to carry such a plan into effect ? What
then would be the consequence if the India Board were
to find out that judicial appointment might be very well
filled by English barristers, and that the patronage of
the army ought to be vested in the Queen ? Some fine
morning the Directors would wake, and find themselves
with no appointment to give away, except those of
chaplains and pilots.. Now, we do not say that any plan
of this kind was matured, or even contemplated by
Government ; but there were abundant indications of
a tendency hostile to the patronage of the Directors,
and they have taken the alarm accordingly. We do not
think that they have mended their position by their
move. They have, as the Ministers say, incurred a
heavy responsibility. But they have done worse ; they
have agitated ; they have set people to work, to think about
the East India Company ; and their defenders already
admit that it is an anomalous institution, meaning, we
suppose, an unprecedented one. The members of a close
corporation should have remembered the maxim—
Quieta ne fovea:, which is peculiarly applicable to mono-
polists. Do they think that they will not provoke in-
quiry by such an extraordinary and unprecedented step?.
Nay, do they expect to escape the hostility of the very
clever, very active, and somewhat vindictive statesman
whom they have offended? Have they forgotten that he
would go home armed with information collected on the
spot, and likely to be used with a perseverance and an
eloquence, that will give no small weight to any measure
he may propose for their discomfiture? We repeat,
then, that the Duke's term ' gross indiscretion,' appears
to us to apply admirably to the Company's measure. It
was just
one of those cases, when it is better to bear the
ills you have, than to fly to others. that you know not of.
A fit of temper or of sickness, might have done for them
what they have taken upon themselves to do ; and be-
sides, they might have calculated upon the chapter of
accidents at home. At the worst, it would only have
been necessary to bear a short period of suffbring, with
the chances of naming a successor suited to their pur-
poses. Now they have caused an appointment which
shows clearly which way the wind blows. The policy
approved by the Duke will assuredly be carried out by
his nominee. The ascendancy of the military is inoro
marked by this appointment than by Lord Ellenbo-
rough's declarations ; and we greatly mistake if the
, Company will not very soon make the discovery, that
though the blows at their authority may henceforth be
made with a polished sword, instead of a rough file, yet
Ithat the steel will pierce deeper, though the wound in-
Meted may not be so painful."

GLOBE.—From assailing the majority of the law
Lords, by whose decision the writ of error was
affirmed, the impugners of that decision turn to. level-
ling objections to the House of Lords as a court of
appeal in such cases. The court, it is alleged, was
inadequate for what it performed. What ! the so-
lemn judgment of the Irish Court of Queen's Bench,
with all its long train of previous, concomitant, and
subsequent circumstances, reversed in a- moment
by a triumvirate of Peers, acting for the nonce,
in the capacity of judges; and the four folio
volumes of evidence, so carefully prepared, and
so beautifully arranged, reduced in an instant to so
much waste paper ? True : this has been the case.
But, then, if the Court be inadequete for the perform-
ance of its functions, blame not the Court, but the
law, which constituted the Conrt. Let the law be
changed, if it require alteration. In the meantime,
it is the Court which has been appointed, and has
been accustomed, to decide such questions. It has
violated no rules. It has observed its prescribed
forms. And, if the lay Lords thought fit to waive
as they have been wont to do, their undoubted right of
voting on a question respecting which they could have
no knowledge, it is only what they have done on for-
mer occasions. It would be very hard if a rule which
they have laid down to themselves, and long acted
upon, as most consonant with justice and decency,
should then only be departed from when the punish-
ment of a political antagonist was to be secured by,
its violation. It is only those who would trans-
form the lay Lords into fit associates for Jeffries ;
caring not for justice, but thirsting for revenge ; who
have ventured to blame the lay Lords fur not esta
blishing a precedent which, however it might gratify
the evil passions of a particular party, would have
covered the House of Lords with disgrace, and for ever
I ruined its character and influence with the country
Another objection is, that the writ of error was al-
lowed, and the judgment passed on the defendants re-
versed, contrary to the opinions expressed by a ma-
jority of the judges, whose advice had been sought.
But to this may be replied, what is the end and de-
sign of a court of appeal, if it is not to possess this
liberty of thought and act ? Why was the House of
Lords constituted a court of appeal by our ancestors,
if it is to be restricted in the way assumed by those
who urge this objection ? If it is merely to have the
privilege of confirming, and not reversing the judg-
ment of the inferior courts, it might as well not exist.
Surely, it is not intended to be affirmed of the
judges that infallibility pertains to their deci-
sions. The records of their judgments attest the
contrary. The celebrated privilege case of Ashby
v. White is a proof to the contrary. In that case
Lord Chief Justice Holt stood alone against the other
eleven judges, with the Lord Chancellor into the bar-
gain. But, in the emd, his judgment proved to he
right, and was eventually affirmed. On the great
Regency question the judges were also notoriously in
the wrong. Besides, what has our legal constitution
established ? From a judgment in the Queen's
Bench, confirmed by the justices of the Common
Pleas, and the Barons of the Exchequer, an ap-
psoe,atl,
as
ses
Bra
ekths
teonieioucasells oift,Lfoorrds
t;hteheul dtiemrnateier
dree:
cision of every civil action. Does not this show
that on the very nicest points of law the
House of Lords—constituted, as we know it to
be, and imperfect as we may think it for the office—
may reverse the decision of every judge in the land ?
And are we to suppose that this has never been done ?
There was a time when the privilege, strange as it
may seem, was of infinite value. Such times may
come again. That it admits of abuse, is true. In
the meantime the principal inconvenience attaching
to it the House of Lords wisely gets over, by leav-
ing the decisions on points of law to the law Lords
who may be Members of the House. This is
merely what was done on the late occasion. And
this is what the Tory journals, and the Tory party
generally, have the modesty to complain of.
"To do a great good"—for such, in their eyes,
would the further imprisonment of O'Connell have
been—" do a little wrong," is the advice they would
have given. Jost fortunately, it now appears, that if
given it would not have been followed. The lay
Lords have not been the rogues their friends wished
them to be. They have acted, in this instance, as
honest men ; and honesty, in this instance, as in all
others, will prove to be the best policy. In the event-
ful times which are approaching, it is everything
to have justice clearly on our side. This the Tories
themselves will be brought to know and to confess.
In the meantime let them rail. Perhaps railing
may abate their rancour ; which, bottled up, might
explode, and damage if not destroy them, and those
around them. Let them exhaust their vocabulary of
abuse upon the men who by fair and honest means, in
the exercise of their legal right, and in conformity with
established custom, have rescued the victims from their
hands ; and restored them to that liberty which, it is
now proved, they ought never to have been deprived of.
It is to be hoped that their restored liberty will not be
abused, either by the principal of the unjustly-convicted
parties, or by any of the subordinate leaders of the repeal
movement. The irate Tories by all the railing and
ribaldry they employ cannot reverse the decision.
From the decision of the House of Lords there is no
appeal—except to posterity. The names, and the
slanders of those who seek to invalidate that decision,
will pass into oblivion. But on the principles they
have sought to establish—on the monstrous proceed-
ings to which they have lent the aid of their advocacy
—and on the political leaders and their tools on whom
they fawn—the sentence of future generations will be
,pfon'otinced in -terms of unequivocal condemnation.

STANDARD.—Our attention has been directed
by the Morning Herald to an announcement in a
provincial journal, evidently possessing some peculiar
means of information in regard to Whig tactics, which
derives additional confirmation from sundry signifi-
cant hints in the speech delivered by Mr. O'Connell
at the Conciliation Hall on Monday. It is as follows :
—" It will be recollected that we announced, some
time back, on high authority, the difference of opi-
nion among the judges, and also that the majority of
the tribunal of final appeal held an opinion favourable
to the traversers. We revert to this, not for the
purpose of vain boasting, but to obtain confidence for
the announcement, which, upon the same autho-
rity, we are now enabled to make. It has
been resolved to form a union of Liberal parties, for
the purpose of driving the present Ministers from
power, and it is intended to propose that one of the
bases of agreement shall be a federal Parliament for
Ireland. 'We have every reason to rely on the source
from which we derive our information ; and we re-
commend the constituencies of the kingdom to be
prepared soon to declare what policy is to be adopted
in the present critical circumstances of the State."
Such a rumour has been current for some months
past, and experience has satisfied us there is no
imaginable baseness to which the Whigs will not
descend, that may offer them the remotest chance
of a return to office. That some such scheme as
the one above described has been gravely con-
sidered, even if no very active steps shall have
been taken to carry it into effect, is extremely pro-
bable. After the Lichfield House compact, a con-
spiracy against the best interests of the country more
disgraceful than any previous coalition in the
history of political parties, we can have no reason
to question the readiness of the Whigs to enter
once more into a similar undertaking. In the
present desperate condition of their affairs, in-
deed, the temptation is greater than ever ; and
notwithstanding the five hours' speech by which
Lord Monteagle established the fact that the union
was the greatest blessing ever conferred on Ireland ;
the Royal Speeches, in which Lord Melbourne
denounced the very idea of repeal as the direct
prelude to civil war ; and the elaborate declarations
of Lord John Russell and other Whig notables,
that any evil would be preferable to an attempt to
disturb the Act of Union ; nothing is more probable
than that they are ready and willing to combine with
Mr. O'Connell for that purpose if they can foresee
any prospect of ultimate advantage to themselves
from such a compromise. Their argument for de-
livering the Irish Church into Mr. O'Connell's hands,
will, we doubt not, be repeated on the present occa-
sion; a pretext which has invariably afforded the ex-
cuse for violent and unconstitutional changes.
,The howl for repeal is, we are told, about to
subside into a canting whine for a federal Par-
liament, and the llforning Chronicle attempts to
i delude its readers into the belief that a federal
Parliament would not necessarily involve a step " so
desperate as the repeal of the legislative union." The
chief object of our Contemporary, indeed, in its article
of this morning, would seem to be prepare the ova
for the' open adhesion of its party to Aft.. O'Connell
on this question. Nor are certain passages in his
speech on Monday last by any means less significant.
There is a coincidence between the sentiments of the
Whig journalist and the Repeal Agitator, which,
at any other time, might excite surprise. Mr.
O'Connell recommends his proposed Council of
Three Hundred as " a steady drag on the wheel
of the movement." The Morning Chronicle deplores

the position of Mr. O'Connell as the " creature of
circumstances," adding that, " like all popular
leaders, he must follow as well as lead ;" and ex-
presses its belief that Ireland " might be conciliated
by a Liberal Government." Mr. O'Connell de-
clares that, though " the Whigs deserved in some
instances to be assailed, the Irish owe a debt of
gratitude to them," (base, brutal, and bloody, as
he was wont to consider them), and he adds
that " it would be hard to get him to abuse them
again." Then follows a compliment to our Con-
temporary, which is reciprocated by another
compliment to Mr. O'Connell for the mode-
ration of the language of his late speech !
To this succeeds, in Mr. O'Connell's harangue,
an appeal to " the English people to join him in
hurling Peel from office." By the English people
Mr. O'Connell elsewhere informs us that he means
the English Whigs; and ("there is nothing like
leather") the Morning Chronicle is of opinion that
Ireland can only be tranquillised by a Whig Go-
vernment ! It is to the Whigs that Mr. O'Connell
has been indebted for the late extraordinary re-
versal of h!s sentence ; and it would be hard,
indeed, if he dii not express some gratitude
for their services. Gratitude is often the pre-
cursor of even more tender feelings, and ac-
cordingly we should not be in the least
surprised to find that Mr. O'Connell and the Whigs
had become as loving and intimate as of yore ;
and had entered into the rumoured compact
with him. The only safeguard of the country
against the consequences of so mischievous an ar
rangement, is the difficulty of rendering any contract
between two -parties so much better known than
trusted, binding ; and w:iilst the Whigs will
not commit themselves again without a direct pros-
pect of advantage, their evil genius will not en-
cumber himself with their support unless they
seem likely to attain a position very much more
commanding than the one they occupy at present.
Repeal agents are, we are told, about to be dispatched
to this country to feel the pulse of the public on the
subject, and if it should turn out that the Whigs are
as destitute of influence as they are of character, the
visits of these missionaries of sedition, as well as the
subscription of Mr. O'Connell to the Duncombe fund,
will have been hazarded in vain, and the contemplated
coalition will fall to the ground.

MONEY MARKETand CITY NEWS.
CITY, WEDNESDAY EVENING.
TlMES.—There has been a rumour of a fraudulent
transfer of stock at the Bank of England to the extent
of 30,0001., but it is totally without foundation, and pro-
bably originated in an exaggerated statement of the
other forgery which we have noticed for the last
two days.

The Indian papers mention a large increase in the
trade of Bengal. In the year ending the Ist of May last
imports hare increased to the extent of 76,21,283
rupees, and exports to the extent of 2,46,50,105 rupees.
The increase in imports is chiefly attributed to British
cotton goods. The shipments of indigo have increased
to the extent of 63,160} maunds. The large steamers
indigo,
t hseeme a
mto
or
au hnwta vs
silk,
fk 713,ei7ink6e, d2p6i ael newerrupees,
e derso: thaena
dyf
eopr
rbececoei
omn
umss
hesi rpt copene,
stones,
bnt
yod
way of Suez. The number of British ships had increased
from 823 (in the preceding year) to 990, while foreign
vessels had diminished from 96 to 94. The total im-
ports to Bengal, including treasure, are set down at
6,47,66,562 rupees, and the total exports at 10,11,71,270
rupees.
As some misunderstanding seems to have arisen
with respect to the recent Act of Parliament (7th
and Bth Victoria, cap. 39) exempting from the pay-
ment of income-tax a portion of the dividends on
the New Three-and-a-Half per Cents., it may be
stated that this Act applies to the New Three-and-a-
Half per Cents. only, and not to the Reduced. The in-
come-tax first came into operation on the sth of April,
1842, and the dividends on the New Three-and-a-Half
per Cents., due on the sth of July, were charged with
six months' tax, although no more than three months
had elapsed. This overcharge would have been rectified
on the cessation of the income-tax had no financial alter-
ations taken place, for the portion of dividend accruing
between January and April would have been exempt
from duty altogether. Since the conversion of the
Three-and-a-Half per Cents generally, the Government
liberally enough have at once given back the holders of
the New Tree-and-a-Half per Cents. the overpaid tax,
by exempting from taxation the quarter's dividend that
will be payable on the 10th of October next. As the
dividends on Reduced Three-and-a-Half per Cents. have
always been payable in April and October, they did not
pay any extra tax, and consequently there is nothing to
return to the holders of the stock. It is certainly incor-
rect to call the concession made by the act a " bonus,"
as in fact it is only an allowance fur an over-payment
made ataprevious period.
_ _

The following letter has been addressed by a " Lon-
don Merchant,' on the distinction made by the Bank of
England between " bills" and " notes" :
" The real distinction intended by the Bank of Eng-
land between ' bills' and ' notes' is, I believe, this—that
London bills are termed notes ;' others are termed
bills.'

" Promissory notes, which is the plain meaning of the
term notes, are all but out of use. The coal trade is, I
believe, almost the only branch of regular business
where they remain in use.
" The practical effect of the distinction made by the
Bank seems to be this :—lf I sell 100 tons of tallow to
a soap-boiler in London, and draw on him fur the
amount, the bill is called a note,' and the Bank charge
thereon 3 per cent. ; but if I happen to live in Leeds,
and draw on a London merchant for the cost of 1,000
pieces of cloth, the bill is then a bill,' and not a note,
and the discount thereon is 21 per cent.
" The substantial ground of this distinction is not
very obvious, the sole question being the difference be-
tween one class of security and another.
" Again, supposing I sell my 100 tons of tallow to a
soap-boiler in Leeds, and not in London. The bill is
then drawn in London on Leeds. I presume this makes
it a bill, and not a note, and therefore discountable at
21 per cent.
" A little light as to the rationale of all this would not
be unacceptable."
The first case which is put by our correspondent is
correct ; the second, we think, is incorrect. Provided
the bill is drawn in London (that is to say, within 20
miles of it), it seems to be a " note," according to Bank
phraseology, whether it be drawn upon a London or a
country firm. Whether the " London Merchant" draws
upon the London soap-boiler, or the Leeds soap-boiler,
the document that represents the transaction is a
note," and no more, and therefore, according to the
late resolution, discountable at 3 per cent. The mer-
chant at Leeds who draws upon the London merchant,
has, as our Correspondent rightly observes, originated a
" bill," and not a " note."

The reason of a difference of per cent., which is
made in discounting these securities; arises from the
great probability that the country bills will have a larger
number of names upon them than the town bills or
" notes." If the bill be drawn in the country, it will
most likely be taken to the Bank for discount, not by the
drawer himself, but by an endorsee, and thus there are three
parties liable. If the bill he drawn in town, the drawer
himself will probably take it to be discounted, and thus
there will be only two parties liable. There are, no
doubt, cases in which the town bills hare just as many
names as country bills, but the grouni of distinction
seems to rest on the presumption that this is the excep-
tion, and not the rule. It is, perhaps, to be regretted
that some clearer words had not been adopted to mark
this artificial distinction than " bills " and " notes,"
which hare an accepted meaning totally different from
that in which they are used in Bank parlance. Every-
where but at the Bank of England "bill," we believe,
means " bill of exchange," and " note" means " promis-
sory note." had the expressions " town bills " and
"country bills" been used, the resolution would have
been more generally intelligible.

Cheap excursion trains continue to form an im-
portant feature of railway traffic—a new proof of the
public usefulness of railways—a new element in their
own revenue—a valuable addition to the recreations,
amusements, and moral culture of the English people.rtfwo
weeks, meet with adequate success, but
The Dover excursion trains
,did not, for the
the Directors
persevered, and now their Saturday trains, returning
up till Monday night, are crowded with passengers, who
can thus spend part of Saturday, Sunday,ndon at a single and Monday,
in France, going and returning from
fare. The number of excursion tickets issued for the
six excursions, from the 27th of July to the Ist of Sep-
tember inclusive, was 45,532, being an average of 7,000
each excursion ; the last excursion consisted of 14,000
persons.—Railway Chronicle.
General Nott arrived here
NEATH, SEPT. 10.—
Yesterday, and received_ a most enthusiastic welcome
from his native town. Triumphal arches were erected
across the streets, and the houses were decorated witli
laurels, Scc. The bells rang merry peals—all the shops
were closed, and thousands of people collected together
to have a sight of the "Hero of Ghuznee," by which term
he was loudly greeted. On his arrival at the Rope-walk-
gate, at the entrance to the town from the Bristol road, he
was met by the Mayor, several magistrates, the Town
Council, and a great number of respectable persons, who
escorted him in. The horses were taken out of the
carriage, which was drawn in :by men to the Inn, once
his home, where many of his youthful days were spent.
The Mayor, R. Pheyson, Esq., then presented tho
address from the Town Council, congratulating him on
his arrival, to which he replied, but in such a low tone
of voice that little could be heard of what lie did say.
He has been forty years in India, and appears to labour
under severe indisposition. The gallant General, after
sleeping last night at the Castle Inn, left this morning,
accompanied by his two daughters, for Carmarthen.

PUBLIC PARKS IN MANCHESTER.
(Abridged from the Manchester Guardian.)
On Tuesday evening an aggregate meeting of the
working classes of Manchester and Salford, convened
by advertisement and placards, was held in connection
with the movement now making for this important object,
in the Free-Trade Hall, Peter-street.
The floor of the hall was nearly filled by half-past
seven o'clock, and there was a goodly number of ladies in
the galleries, About a quarter before eight o'clock, a
_number of gentlemen and operatives who had been an-
nounced as speakers, came upon the platform. Amongst
others, we noticed the Rev. William Huntington, Rector
of St. John's ; Mr. Malcolm Ross, Dr. Lyon Playfair,
Mr. P. H. Holland, Mr. Edward Watkin, Mr. J: Falvey,
Mr. Benjamin Fothergill, Mr. Abel Heywood, Mr. Wm.
Shuttleworth, Dr. John Watts, Mr. R. J. Richardson,
Mr. James Leach, Mr. Ralph Smith, &c. 8;c. At ten
minutes before eight o'clock, on the motion of Mr. R. J.
Ilichardeon, seconded by Mr. Morris, the chair was
taken by Mr. Abel Heywood.
The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, having
read a copy of the placard by which the meeting was
convened, adverted to the 14rge and important meeting
held in the Town-hall, at which the wealthy of the town
congregated, and Lord F. Egerton, a gentleman and as
scholar, (rave 1,000/.—(Applause.) Several gentlemen
of Manchester, whose names were enrolled in every sub-
scription to promote the well being of the working clas-
ses, gave subscriptions. Sir B. Heywood, Sir Thomas
Potter, and many others of considerable influence came
forward and advocated this question, not only by their
speeches, lut more practical:y by their money. This
was the beginning of one of those progressive move-
ments now making throughout the kingdom - for a
greater desire now existed in the minds of the higher and
middle classes to promote the welfare of the working
classes, than at any former petiod. He hoped that the
working classes would do all they could (and they could
do much if they chose) to carry out this noble object.
Mr. R. J. RICHARDSON came forward to move the first
resolution. He had been in most large towns in the
United Kingdom, and in some on the continent ; and,
seeing the pleasure and healthy recreation enjoyed by
both sexes and all classes, he had deeply regretted that
the metropolis of manufactures should have no public
park or walks for its industrious community. He dwelt
on the extent of the Glasgow Green, two miles in length;
and on the Nottingham Meadows, where he hid seen
fifty to a hundred games of cricket being played at once,
as early as five o'clock in the morning. Nottingham
Forest, too, which had been attempted to be wrested from
the people, they could again claim as their own, at Lam-
mas. The parks of London were now open to the people;
and a large extent of ground had been set aside for their
use in the east end of London, to he called the Victo-
ria Park. In Bristol the people had beautiful- walks
on the banks of the Avon, and on St. Vincent's
.rocks,
where hundreds of people might be seen walking in the
evening. In Dundee the Government, during the late
distress, contributed a sum of money to be expended in
improving Magdalen-green, where the inhabitants may
enjoy the breezes from the hills of Fife, the calm zephyrs
from the Curse of Gowrie and the bosom of the Tay. In
Montrose, Perth, Arbroath, and Aberdeen, the inhabi-
tants had their spacious inches for healthy recreation.
Lord Francis Egerton had said that he was in arrears to
the inhabitants of this town, and was only paying an in-
stalment—(Applause)—and he was glad to see a kin-
dred feeling animating others to give their thousands
and their ndreds. He was quite sure, from what he
knew of the working classes, that they would indeed be
grateful for this assistance, and would show their grati-
tude by doing their best to contribute. In their benefit
clubs and shop clubs, and private coteries, let them make
joint efforts. Let it not be said, " We'll have a park
here, or there, or yonder ;" let that be left to the parties
who had so well come forward with their funds in pro-'
motion of this object. The parks would doubtless be in
those districts where they would do most good to the
working classes. In a few years they would have the
privilege of walking on their own lands, and saying, in
all the dignity of freemen, " These are for us and our
children for ever." He concluded by moving the first
resolution.
Mr. JAMES LEACH seconded the resolution.

The Rev. W. HUNTINGTON, Rector of St. John's, in
supporting the resolution, said he had the most sincere
pleasure in giving whatever support he could, in his
situation in Manchester, to this most important resolu-
tion ; and, if ever there was a measure to unite men of
all sentiments and opinions together, it was this. During
eighteen years' residence here, he asked himself how he
could best promote the welfare of the working classes,
and he believed they required nothing more than whole-
some and healthy amusement ' • and he desired, that,
with this view, there might be longer hours of leisure.—
(Applause.) He hoped that nothing would be said, how-
ever, at all irrelevant to the subject of the meeting. If
the operatives followed it up as they ought, they would
raise an equal or a greater amount than had already been
raised. He was glad to see medical men present. From
his own experience he spoke when he said that many in-
fants died from the impure and smoky atmosphere. In
seven months, he had lost, while living within the town,
three beloved children ' - and, since he had removed to
the outskirts, his family had enjoyed a health which he
sincerely wished every labouring man to enjoy. It was
as natural for men to built and live in towns, as for rabbits
to dwell in burrows ; and the country was as dependent on
the towns as the towns upon the country. Venice had
her quay ; Paris, her boulevards ; and London, her
parks. The same love of the country prevailed here,
as was witnessed by the numbers flocking by the Bridge-
water packet-buts, and by the railway to Alderley Edge.
lie had been told by a noble lord, of George 11. that,
when in St. James's Pelee: he said to his minister,
" Really, this is scarcely worthy of a king's garden; what
would it cost to join St. James's Park and Green Park to
the royal gardens ?" The reply was, " Please your Ma-
jesty, just three crowns"—meaning the crowns of Eng-
land, Ireland, and Scotland. His Majesty took the hint,
and let the parks alone. Lately, in Scotland, on the
borders of the Highlands, he had witnessed the most
kindly and friendly intercourse between landlord and
tenant, and he did not see why there might not be such
intercourse in the public parks and gardens of Manches-
ter, between the master manufacturers and operatives,
with great mutual benefit. He by no means despaired
of seeing this come to pass. He dearly loved the honest
operatives of Manchester; he would rather see them with
less pale, with more bronzed and sun-burnt faces.—
(Hear.) Dean Milner, of Cambridge, said he had never
conversed with an honest operative (of Leeds, of which
town he was a native) without learning something which
he did not know before. Professor Sedgwick, when last
in Manchester, had beautifully said, that there should
not be so high a hedge between rich and poor, that the
words and offices of Christian kindness and sympathy
could not pass over.—(Hear.) In the contemplation of
the works of creation around them, in these public parks
he thought they could hardly fail " to look from nature
up to nature's God." He hoped when thus enjoying re-
creation every evening, the public would less desecrate the
Sabbath, but join is public worship on that day. It had
been said by one gentleman that the people would tear
up the flowers and root up the trees, but he did not be-
lieve anything of the kind. He hoped that in these gar-
dens would be statues, porticoes, and ornaments ; and
that we should have no longer to go abroad fur pattern-
designers, but find the sources of design in these beauti-
ful scenes. He hoped that, ere long, these pleasures of
anticipation would be changed into pleasures of posses-
sion.—( Applause.)
Mr. J. MORRIS moved the second resolution, which
was seconded by Mr. R. SMITH.
Mr. Manconsi Ross, in supporting the resolution, said
it had been asked what use would these parks be applied
to? He had been told that on an evening lately a thou-
sand factory hands had been seen joining in one game of
foot-ball. This was one of the uses of these parks. In
these parks he hoped there would be public fountains of
pure water, seats for the invalid, the sick, and the aged,
and everythiug that could contribute to the rational and
innocent recreation of the people. [Mr. Ross then read
the letter received from Sir R. Peel, which we have pub-
lished in another place. It was received with the most
enthusiastic and repeated cheering throughout the vast
assemblage.]
Mr. I'. H. HOLLAND, surgeon, said he had been_ re-
quested to bring forward a few facts as regarded the
health of the population. In all towns there was a very
large excess of mortality; and a commission had been
inquiring into the causes of this excess, the report of
which he held in his hand, and one of the commissioners
was present, watching the proceedings of the meeting
with great interest. In this town there was a large ex-
cess of mortality over that of rural districts, amounting
in Manchester to 10,259 extra deaths more than in an
equal population of the healthy part of the country.
This was not inevitable ; and therefore to resign
lt.The
poor them-
selvesto it was not patience, but folly,s h
nots.ifon by coloured
classesi in
e
guilt.
poor were the principal sufferers,
a
ityofto differentthe age of forty-
ptarbelsetsonan. d
ncuarlvfetsheofgetlnie mortality
survivedortal
five, whereas half the children of the operative classes
died before the age of five years. Very much of the
extra mortality among children would be removed, if
they could only have fresh air. The remedy was to
make our mode of life in this town that of the country.
By opening and cleansing our streets, and having in-
spectors
# of public health ; remove burial grounds from
amongst us, and have places of public recreation and ex-
ercise, and we will make a large subtraction from that
mortality, and increase the means of health and strength,
happiness and enjoyment. Let every one contribute his
mite, however small ; if he gave all he could it was equal
to the donation of thousands from the wealthy. Let all
give, for all would enjoy the advantages of these public
parks and playgrounds.
The CHAIRMAN put the resolution, which was passed
unanimously.
Mr. THOMAS FALVEY, in moving the third resolution,
adverted to the magnitude of the meeting as exceedingly
gratifying, and a proof of the great interest that the work-
ing class took in this question, which so immediately and
importantly concerned them.
Several resolutions of a practical nature were agreed to,
ant the meeting broke up.

NUMBER. OF 1 R ISII IN 1U ANCIIESTER.---The Leeds
Mercury of Saturday last, in a communication from its
Manchester correspondent, on the reversal of O'Connell's
sentence, says, " What course the Irish part of our
town [Manchester] population, supposed to be fully
one fourth, purpose taking, to express their joy at the
news," &c. Now, it is one of the important uses of the
recently published census returns to expose and put
down those loose and exaggerated statements • of
.num-
bers which are too often put forth by the press. So far
from the statement of the Leeds Mercury s Manchester
correspondent being true, that the Irish are " supposed
to be fully one fourth " of the population of Manchester,
they are known to he not quite one•eightli ! The total
population of the borough of Manchester, in 1841, was
24'),983, of which 30,304 were Irish ; 14,353 males, and
15,951 females. The Irish population of Liverpool is
49,639 ; and the Irish population of the entire county,
105,916. About four-fifths of the Irish people in Lan-
cashire are therefore to be found in Liverpool and Man-
chester. In Salford there were 3,996 Irish in Ml.—.
Manchester Guardian.