The Sun.
London, England, 1844-06-21 00:00:00

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

NAVAL ,REVIEW.—We understand that, upon the
occasion of his Majesty the King of the French's visit to
this country, which is now finally arranged for the first
week in September, a grand naval review will take place
in the presence of her Majesty the Queen and her august
visitor. As the flag ships of the Port-Admirals, and
the experimental squadron, forming altogether 16 or 17
sail, will be cruising in the channel at this period, there
will not be the least difficulty in accomplishing it. The
ships which will then be at sea, will be the St. Vincent,
120, flag-ship, Admiral Sir Charles Rowley, Capt. R.
RRowley ; Caledonia, 120, flag-ship, Admiral Sir David
Milne, Capt. A. Milne Camperdown, 104, flag-ship,
Tice-Admiral Sir J. C. White, Capt. F. Martin ; Albion,
flag-ship, Rear-Admiral Sir H. Pigot, Capt. Nicholas
9e, .
Lock:ver; Collingwbod, 80 flag•ship7Rear-Admiral Sir
Geor e Seymour, c
apt. H. Eden ; Queen, 110, Capt.
Fox, 42, Capt.
to
R. Black-
wooded cor-
vettes Sir Chg; Ama won Sullivan;and *Dazdt2,
frigates ra
Daedalus,
• no Fish, Mutine, Daring. Osprey, and
Espiegle, new
guns ; Cruiser, 16, Pan-
taloon, 10, Water ,
CL:tsSrtreilgi: of
1 12
10, and a number of steam-
vessels.
The Queen, 120, Captain Sir Charles Sullivan, will be
paid off at Portsmouth, and
.not at Sheerness, as reported.
She will be refitted immediately for comniissioney, and
will form one of the experimental squadron. We be-
lieve she is to be the flag-ship at the Nore, instead of
;the Camperdown, which will be paid off. She has not
yet arrived, but is hourly expected.
The Apollo troop. ship, Commander W. Maclean, has
arrived at Devonport from Quebec, with the service c_ to
panies of the 68th Regiment. She is since reported
have arrived at Portsmouth.
The six iron steam-boats, building by contract for the
use of the Government as dispatch boats, are getting on
\very rapidly towards completion, and will be ready for
(launching in a few weeks.
The Cygnet, 10, Commander H. Layton, sailed from
Avortsmotith on Monday, for the African coast.
Two line-of-battle ships will be commissioned in a few
days, and, if completed in sufficient time, will join the el-
perim ental squadron. One of them is intended to relieve
the Ilk 'ttrious, 72, flag-ship, Vice-Admiral Sir Charles
Adam, L'sptain J. E. Erskine, which is to return to Eng-
land, as te....period of the Gallant Admiral's command
pxpire a few weeks. We hear that the Vanguard
I'll be one of:, Olt vessels commissioned.
The Formid;.'b4, 84, Captain G. F. Rich, with the
Hag of Vice-Adra trAl Sir Edward Owen, is the only line
of battle ship now in the Mediterranean.
a 'he Firefly, surveying' steamer, Captain Beachy, sailed
yeste vday for the Irish Channel, to resume her survey-
Jag du ties. There is no truth in the report that she was
destine, for Tangiers with dispatches.
The Waterwitell was brought to Portsmouth, on

;SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
GLOBE.---Sir Robert Peel has the same sort of mas-
tery over his party as Napoleon had over Spain. He
has, with the aid of the veteran Commander in-Chief of
Toryism, the military possession of the country ; and as
he holds it with certain Napoleonite pretensions of
removing antiquated abuses, and introducing the spirit
of the age, he contrives to win over, or to neutralise,
auxiliaries from the ranks of his natural opponents.
With these appliances and aids to boot, we have seen
the Minister barely maintain the field on days of pitched
battle ; but his moral position in his seemingly con-
quered territory exposes him to a more exhausting and
harassing warfare. The intervals between those en-
gagements, where the whole nominal dominion is at
stake, are filled up with guerilla encounters, cutting
off stragglers, endangering supplies, &c. Thus the
forces of the Napoleon of Downing-street are frit-
tered away in detail ; and day by day he loses
the ground hardly achieved by the right of conquest.
Sir Robert Peel has to learn, like Napoleon, that
moral forces are three parts in four of victory. We
believe, indeed, he has by this time learned it; and that
none despair of his ministry more than he does.
But without under-rating the obstacles any ministry
bas to contend with, it appears to us that the Prime Mi-
nister himself has been the great author of his own
instability. He may talk of combinations against him;
but there is a single uncombined letter in the alpha-
bet which has been more fatal to him than all the
combinations we hare seen against or for him.
What is the moral position of a Minister, whose
nominal dominion of his party is not only broken up
by the hostile guerilla bands we see it split into (and of
which the " Vestries" debate of last night afforded
another specimen), but whose position is one of aloofness
and separation even from his own colleagues ? If Sir
R. Peel were Lord Chatham, this position might be
maintainable. Under a popular Constitution, a Minister
may stand separate from all parties, and even from his
own nominal associates in power, provided he strikes
strongly some new or revived chord of national feeling,
and appeals, clearly and intelligibly, to some recognised
symbol of patriotic faith. Undoubtedly there are crises
at which the public will support a Minister who
throws himself on its support—and support him none
the less willingly because he seems to discard mere party
symbols. But then he must do this in the full and fer-
vent pursuit of nobler than party objects. Party attach-
ments may be fused its the heat of a more ardent patriot-
ism ; but party attachments have themselves a heat
more generous than mere personal circumspection. The
public may support a Minister—granted—who ceases to
be a party man, because his party feelings are absorbed
in aspirations at grand national objects. But what can
the public make of a Minister, who does not melt all
parties in his nobler heat, but chills and splits to pieces
his own party by his benumbing coldness ? A Minister
should be more than a party man—granted—but Sir
Robert Peel appears less—less by all the inferiority of
circumspect and circumscribed self-regard to the more
expansive and generous, if not unalloyed, sympathies of
party connection.
STANDARD.—The rumours of a resignation of
Ministers, poured forth in such unsparing profusion from
Brooks' and the Reform Club, on the last Sabbath, have
produced an effect, we imagine, little gratifying to their
authors. Everywhere that the story obtained a mo-
ment's credit, the resignation was heard of as a national
calamity by the majority of the people, the few who seemed
to hear the news with satisfaction or indifference were the
old and avowed enemies of order. Among the Conser-
vatives the feeling was uniform ; even the most spiteful,
vindictive, and sordid of the disappointed who profess
to hold Conservative principles, were obliged to con.
fess, in the words of their proper organ, the Dublin
Evening Mail, that " the result must be disastrous."
The Whigs who set the fiction going have had a
useful lesson from their experiment. In all the
speculations to which the supposed retirement of Sir
Robert Peel gave birth, no one dreamed of resorting
to them for a Ministry. The Duke of Buckingham and
Chandos, Lord Ashley, the Duke of Richmond, were in
succession spoken of as called, or likely to be called, to
form a Government; but no human being ever suggested
a Whig. In the grave procession of public men,
paraded in i:nagination for the selection of a Govern-
yaent—they were not found, or found only as objects of
contempt. The Conservative leaders were summoned
in succession by popular surmise; but as for the tiV hiss,
their position was such as the great poet has described :-
6' Even so, with much more contempt, men's eyes
Did wow' upon them. None cried, 4 Heaven save you!'
No joyful tongue gave them a welcome home;
But dust was thrown upon their luckless heads,
Which with such gentle sorrow they shook off.
Tunir faces combating with tears and smiles—
The badges of their grief and patience—
That had not Heaven for some strong purpose steeled
The hearts of men, they must perforce have melted,
And Latharism itself have pitied them.
.But Heaven bath a hand in these events."
We ourselves felt some tender emotions towards the
Whigs, but then came the rude reflections, so fatal to
compassion—they brought it all upon themselves ; and
it is necessary w the public good that they for ever wither
and waste upon the ginixt they- have raised for themsel% es
—poor fellows ! Another etit,gt that has been produced
by the experiment, is a demonstration of the manifest
"s.lsehood of all that the whole Whig-Radical press, and
too .large a portion of the professing Conservative press,
have bee-1 saying for the last two years, of delusions, ne-
cessarily by
_the present, Government, in order
cessarily rest):
delusion can now exist. as to the
to obtain office. 0,
Sir let... eel and his friends propose
principles upon whici;
this cootry. Farmers, West
to administer the affairs ot
Indians, the people generally,nort know pezfectly what they
are to expect from the Right Hon. f.'ironet fitthe head
of the Government ; and with this fulness of 1"1"Tledge;
they all regard his possib!e removal as the giTatest of
public calamities, as an event fraught with "the n;.2't
disastrous" consequences. Can there then be a doubt
that if, with the knowledge of 1844, they had to
make the choice of 1841, they would repeat that
choice ? What necessity, then, existed three
years ago for practising a delusion ? We have
twenty times shown that no delusion was, in fact,
practised by the Conservative leaders, though we are
far from saying that vain and greedy men did not delude
themselves in their expectations from the change of 1841,
as such men are always deluding themselves ; but here
is one proof worth a thousand, that no delusion was
practised, fur here is evidence that no delusion was
necessary, and a public man must be much more raw
Shan Sir Robert Peel, who will unnecessarily multi-
ply the expectations of his party, to be afterwards
charged upon him as debts of peremptory obligation.
Whoever will read the speeches of Sir Robert Peel,
from 1835 to 1641—indeed, during the whole Whig-
Radical administration—with candour and with care,
will see that there is nothing against which he through-
out so carefully guards himself as the being thought
committed to all the objects of all his supporters, in their
full extent. This, we know, has been imputed to him
as unworthy craft, but it is nothing of the kind—it
is plain dealing, prudent honesty—precisely the same
simple honesty which prevents men incurring pecuniary
debts, without a prospect of being able to discharge
them, or otherwise raising what are called false hopes.
Sir Robert Peel could not prevent vain and greedy
and foolish men cheating themselves, but he was
careful to undeceive them as far as he could
do so, and he took care that they should have
no excuse for accusing him as an accessory
in the fraud practised by themselves upon them-
selves. But again, says our Contemporary, Sir Robert
Feel cheated the agriculturists by placing Sir Edward
Knatchbull in his Cabinet. This fraud at least did not
help the Premier to office—for he must have held office
before he could practise it ; but this way of talking is
extremely silly. Why should not Sir Robert Peel
place a friend of the agricultural interest in his Cabi-
net, when he has, in effect, proved himself the best
friend of the agriculturist? Was the Minister who has
for ever excluded the spoliation scheme of a " fixed
duty," to declare war upon the agriculturists, and excite
their distrust by excluding every agriculturist from his
Cabinet? We need not, we believe, say more of the
effect of last Sunday's experiment in extinguishing for
ever the story of a delusion practised on Conservatives.
the Conservatives have given abundant proof that no
deNsion was practised, or was necessary.

Tuesday, from Cowes, by the Echo steamer, to be masted
and fitted for sea.

The Prometheus, 5, steam sloop, Commander Hay,
sailed from Portsmouth, on Monday, for the coast of
Africa. She is to touch at Tangiers with dispatches for
the British Consul.

The Dee, steam troop ship, Master Commander T.
Driver, has left Chatham, for Cork, with the depot of
the 77th Regiment, under the command of Major Kelly.
The Pantaloon, 10, has been taken out of dock at
Portsmouth, and has received her masts.

The Sydenham, steam-vessel, Lieutenant D. Mapleton,
has been taken into dock. She is to have only two masts,
instead of three. Her mizen mast is to be taken out, and
her mainmast shifted further aft, in consequence of its
being placed too near the funnel.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL
ENGINEERS.
RINE 18.—The President in the chair.
A paper by Mr. Braidwood, superintendent of the fire
brigade, gave the results of his experience as to the best
means of rendering large supplies of water available in
cases of fire, and on the application of manual power to
the working of fire-engines. The author stated that if
water could be obtained at an elevation, pipes with plugs,
or fire-cocks on them, would be preferable to any mode
at present in use ; and when this could not be obtained,
and the premises were of value, it would be advisable to
erect elevated tanks, to be kept constantly charged. When
water could be obtained, however, at not less than twelve
feet below the level of the premises, if it was not thought
prudent to erect elevated tanks, it might be conducted
beneath the surface by cast-iron pipes, with openings for
introducing the suction pipes. The system of covered
tanks the author believed to be the least advantageous
mode of supplying water ; and in many cases, where
the supply proceeded from large reservoirs, he thought
it would be better to place plugs or firecocks on the
water-pipe. The results of a series .of experiments were
given, showing that the idea of extinguishing fires by jets
from water-mains, without the use of fire-engines, would
not succeed. They also proved the necessity of placing the
plugs on the mains, and not on the service-pipes, where
that could be done. The details were then given of the
mode of obtaining water from pipes or mains, and the ad-
vantages or disadvantages both of the plug and firecock
were fully entered into. The author then stated that
the best mode of using manual power was by applying
the greatest aggregate amount of power to the lightest
and smallest machine ; that the reciprocating motion
was to be preferred to the rotary ; and that a fire-
engine with two 7-inch cylinders and 8-inch stroke,
weighing 17i cwt., was the most advantageous size that
could be adopted.
In the discussion which ensued, Mr. James Simpson
approved Mr. Braidwood's general views, but combated
his ideas as to the disadvantages of sunk tanks, which he
contended had been proved in certain situations to be es-
sentially useful, and that they were provided in many
public establishments. He stated that to the Dutch,
who arrived with King William in 1688, we were indebted
for the first organised system for extinguishing fires ;
many parts of their system still remained, and in Cape
Town in 1817, he had been much struck with the com-
pleteness of their plans. He examined into the supplies
of water for fires, and the modes of obtaining them, and
thought that more water was wasted through the gene-
ral excitement and want of presence of mind than was
generally imagined. He recommended the use of screw
cocks, rather than plug cocks, as the latter were apt to
become set and to be injured, as well as having in gene-
ral too contracted a waterway. He also disapproved
of the use of jets directs from the mains, stating them
to be wasteful, and not efficient, and that in almost every
case they had failed, except under very peculiar circum-
stances.
In the paper by Mr. Andrew Murray, Assoc. Inst.
C. E. (Royal Dockyard, Woolwich), the author con-
sidered in the first portion, the quantity of atmospheric
air chemically necessary for the complete combustion
of a given quantity of coal, examining the proportion
necessary for the inflammable gases, and for the solid
carbon ; showing the large excess of air that would 139
required if the gases were not ignited until they had
passed into the flues of the boiler, on account of their
admixture with the carbonic acid gas generated in the
furnace. The question of the velocity with which the
produc!s of combustion pass off was next considered.
The practical recommendations given in the paper
were, that the supply of air should be as free as possible
the entrance into the ash pit should not be less than one
fourth part of the area of the fire grate ; the depth o
the ash pit should be about t ,vo-and-a-half feet, no advan.
tage being found to result for the combustion of the coa

from its -being deeper ; the space betwee❑ the fire bars
should be seven-sixteenth inch, but that depth should be
regulated by the kind of coal used ; for any kind of
coal it should not be less than -I inch, nor
more than inch ; the fire-bars . were re.
commended to be made as thin as was consistent with
their required strength, an inch in width had been
found to be a good proportion. The space in the furnace
above the fire-bars was reccmmended to be made large,
about three cubic feet to each superficial foot of fire-
grate, when such an amount could be obtained. The
proper area of the flue was next considered, with refer-
ence to the bulk of the products of combustion and their
velocity, showing that the area requisite for the quan-
tity chemically required was found to be much too small,
and that in practice it should not be less than two square
inches for the products of combustion from each pound
of coal consumed in the grate per hour. Taking a fur-
nace in which 13Ibs. of coal were burned on each square
foot of firegrate per hour (which was stated to be a very
usual rate of combustion in steam-boilers), the area of
the flue to every superficial foot of the grate would be 26
square inches.

The area of the chimney was recommended to be three.
fourths of that of the flue.

The mode of conducting the flue to the chimney and
the angles formed in its passage, were also carefully
considered. The time occupied by the gases in passing
through th• flues of a boiler, from the instant of their
generation to that of their reaching the chimney, was
shown not to be of importance, provided that the incan-
descent gases were so subdivided that all the particles
were brought into contact with the boiler, and were
made to part with their caloric, as was the object in the
construction of locomotives and other tubular bodies.
The amount of heating surface recommended was in
the proportion of 18 square feet to each foot of fire-grate,
where the combustion was carried on at the rate of 131bs.
per square foot per hour, though a larger amount might
be employed in land boilers, where there was no objec-
tion against cooling down the products of combustion
in a greater degree. The principles were stated to be
applicable to all kinds of boilers used either for land or
for marine purposes.
The following papers were announced to be read at
the meeting of Tuesday, June 25, when the monthly
ballot for members will take place :
No. 689. " Suggestions for the introduction of con-
structions to retain the sides of deep cuttings in clays or
other uncertain soils." By Professor Hosking.
No. 690. "Description of the harbour of Scarlet
(Caithness), and of the machinery used in 1834 for re-
building the harbour works." By J. Bremner, M. Inst.
C. E.

No. 693. "Description of a Piling Engine, proposed
to prepare foundations for harbours and lighthouses on
sand-banks." By J. BrQmner, M. Inst. C. E.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, June 20.

TIIE BARON DE BODE V. THE QUEEN, ON A PETITION OP RIGHT.

(Continued from our Afternoon Edition of yesterday.)
The Learned Counsel having concluded his opening speech,
several witnesses were called to prove the statements made
by him, and a variety of documentary evidence was put in and
read, which occupied the Court until five o'clock, when it
adjourned.
The case for the Baron de Bode will be continued this
day.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, June 20.
(Middlesex Sittings at Nisi Prins before Lord Chief Justice
Tusnat, and a Special Jury.)
THOMAS V. DUNN.
This action was brought by the plaintiff to recover from
the defendant, the proprietor of the Chinese Exhibition, com-
pensation in damages for the breach of an agreement, by
which he agreed to give him six guineas a week for the su-
perintendence of the exhibition so long as the exhibition
should continue in existence.
The defendant pleaded, first, that the alleged agreement
was a forgery ; secondly, that it had been superseded by a
subsequent agreement ; and, thirdly, that it had been ob-
tained from him by fraud and coven.
Mr. Dunn is proprietor of the Chinese Exhibition, at
Knightsbridge ; the plaintiff a gentleman who has for many
years been connected with public exhibitions in this country.
According to the plaintiff's evidence, Mr. Dann, who is an
American, came to England in 1841, and being anxious to
exhibit the Chinese articles which he had purchased during
a residence in China, and had been exhibited for some time
previously at Philadelphia, and being unacquainted with the
mode of carrying out his object, applied to Mr. Catlin, the
proprietor of the American exhibition, at the Egyptian Hall,
with whom he was acquainted, to recommend him some
person who had a knowledge of such, to make the necessary
arrangements, finding a suitable building, and carrying out
the other measures requisite to render the undertaking suc-
cessful. This led to the connection with Mr. Thomas.
The case, on the part of the defendant was, that the agree-
ment was a forgery, and a variety of facts was adduced to
prove it. It was admitted that the plaintiff had been em-
ployed as agent by the defendant in order to make the first
arrangements for the erection of the building, and to super-
intend all the out-door matters connected with the exhibi-
tion, after it was opened; but it was denied that he was to
be the superintendent of it, inasmuch as Mr. Langdon, who
bad been in China with Mr. Dunn, and had been the curator
of it in Philadelphia, had been engaged, and had proceeded
to kngland with Mr. Dunn to superintend it here. And in
order to show the extreme improbability of the agreement
aver having been given, several letters were put in, written
ruhad been
by the plaintiff to the defendant, after he alleged the agree-
ent
I:4e plaintiff gned and delivered over to him.
called several lithographers, in reply, to prove
that the signatures were in a natural hand-writing, and that
it was impossible
any
_tracing could have taken place, as
they did not correspond, o
the one case :than the sootrnheer,ofatUhde slopedletters
re in
The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE summed up, and said that the
sdeicroenicltce l andnO. third pleas of the defendant, which related to the
agreement having been_ set aside by the making of another
agreement, and to it having been obtained by fraud, must
be found for the plaintiff, as no evidence had been offered in
material issue
which ,
that the agreement was a forgery, They must
sUppOr
allegedt of , them,
take the documents into their hands, and consider whether
in their opinion the evidence which had been given by the
witnesses called for the defendant in respect of them, was
borne out by the fact. They would also look to the circum-
stances surrounding the transaction, and determine upon the
probability or improbability of the existence of the alleged,
agreement. If they thought the agreement was, as the de-
fendant imputed, a forgery, then they need not trouble them-
selves to consider the question of damages, as the defendant
would be entitled to their verdict ; but if, on the contrary,
they should be of opinion that it was a genuine document,
they would then give a verdict for the plaintiff, with such
damages as they believed would compensate him for the loss
lie had sustained by being discharged from the defendant's
service.
Tbejury retired at seven o'clock to ccquidq their Verclis4?