The Sun.
London, England, 1821-01-12 00:00:00

COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL.

A Court of Common Council was held yester-
day, at Guildhall, for the dispatch of public
and private business.

LATE PROSECUTION OF CERTAIN LIVERYMEN.

Mr. OLDHAM called the attention of the Court
to the Report made by a Committee of the Court
of Aldermen on the subject of the late proceed-
ings in the Court of King's Bench. Be was of
opinion that the expenses of those proceedings
ought to be paid not out of the City- ,Purse} but
out of the pockets of those gentlemen with whom
they originated, and then they would have
twelve or thirteen hundred pognds to pay for
that which was not worth an old pen. He com-
plained of the manner in which the Report
presses on the individuals who had been prosecut-
ed, and finally moved that the Report should be
referred to the Committee of Privileges.

Mr: T. N. WILLIAMS spoke against the Report, and was
of opinion that tile Court ought to interpose to save those
twin being crushed or materially injured, who had been_the
subjects of the late proceedings.
Nlr. Sheriff WAITHMAN commented on the proceedings of
the Court of Aldermen, and contrasted. the lax attendance of
the Members of that Court generally, with their bill attend-
ance-on a late occasion. He complained of the suppression
of a part of the proceedings, and weds on to contend, that it
was not even now clear that the Livery had not a right to act
as they did at that Common Hall, which bad given rise to
the recent appeal to the Court of King's Bench.. Its chewed.
that there were precedents for what they had done, and in-
sisted that, if they had not the right which then claimed, if it
were shewn that the individuals referred to believed thatthey
had the right for which they contended, that belief would
be a sufficient justification of their conduct. lie was then
proceeding to make some remarks on the concern which Sir
W. Curtis had manifested to save the City Purse, and to com-
pare with this his conduct in other instances where he had
riot spared it ; when-. _ . _

Mr. A. Bttows spoke to oreer, and complained of the per-
sonal charge preferred against a Member of the Court in his
absence.

Mr. WAITHMAN resumed.—He thought Sir Wm. Curtis
ought to conic forward to explain tire circumstances to which
he had referred, and he wished the Lord Mayor to make a
note of it on his paper, that the Hon. Bart. might know that
that subject was likely to be brought into discussion.
Mr. A.. BROWN believed in his conscience, that those by
whom the Report had been drawn. up were animated by nu
feelings of personal hostility, but had- thought it right to
adopt it on general principles.
Mr. Alderman Woo° spoke against the Report, at Which
he had been exceedingly surprised.

. .
The motion was then agreed 1 o.
BIBLE SOCIETY.

Mr. Sheriff WI LLIAms presented u :Armorial from the City
of London Auxiliary Bible Society, •praying the Court for pe-
cuniary aid. He moved that the Secretary should attend at
the Bar.

The Secretaryappeared at the Bar, and briefly addressed the
Court in support of the Memorial.
A Member wished to know why the advertisement of the
Society was anonyluims in one Paper, and signed-by the Se-
cretary in another? •
The SECRETARY said he appeared there as the reiiresenta.•
tire of a public body, but bad no .discretionary power to offer
arguments of his own, ur to give explanations which had not
been authorised by that body. He however disclaimed all
political feeling on the part of the Society, and this be could
not better illustrate than by referring-to the proceedings at a
late'utteting, when the Chancellor of the Exchequer moved
one of, the resolutions, and the Worthy Sher& (Mr. Wil-
liams)' the other.
Mr. FAv eLL withdrew all opposition on his part to the Me-
morial, and atter a conversation, in which Mr. S. Dixon, Mr.
Waithman, Mr. T. N. Williams, Mr. A. Brown, and other
Members, took part, the Memorial was ordered to be referred
to the Committee of General Purposes.
Mr. Diattiti moved that there should be an instruction to
the ComMittee, to inquire into the reason why the advertise-.
ment which appeared us one Morning Paper was.sigffed by the
Secretary, while no name appeared to the advertisement that
had been inserted in another.

A new conversation arose on this 'notion, which was finally
negatived.
THE QUEEN.

The Requisition to' the Lost; Misvost, praying him to call a
Court of Coinmost- Council fur the'P'urpose of petitioning Par-
liament for the restoration of the name of the Queen to, the
Liturgy, and the restitution of. all her rights as Queen Con-
sort, having beets read,
Mr. FAVELL, in rising to submit to the-Conrt a:Resolutioti
of which the object was a Petition to therHouse of Cominil
fur the restoration of her Majesty's name in the Littirgy,- an
the restitution of all her rights and dignities ai,-Qnen Con-
sort, felt the difficulty of saying any4ding new .upon topics
which had been so amply.anitahly discussed. He deeply la-
niented the necessity of recurring so •oaten • tfi-'the,:subject •of
her Majesty's grievances ;. -but who were to be'blamed -for this
but the Ministers of the Crown, who, alter abandoning the
unjust and impolitic proceedings against her Majesty, had nut
the honour to do her justice, but kept every thing suspended,
With a view of throwing the apple of discord among the people,
and screening themselves from that inquiry into their -con,
duct Which, he trusted,wauld still be instituted? He-could nut
but reflect with satisfaction upOn the part which the Corpora-
tion of London had taken- throughout.% he whole of ,these pro-.
eeedings. In the course ut last-year, they had at once shown
their respect to the Family on the Throne, and their attach=
went to the principles of the-Crititiitiosi. Within-that short
-space of time, they had hail otcasian to express their sorrow
for-the death of the late venerable Sovereign, and of anothei
Member of his Family, who Was at once a Prince among Phi=
losophers, and a•-Philosopher .amorie •Princes, hey had
shown their •zeal' for" Itsfyalty. and they had
.shewn lihewiss
their rvgard for the Constitution; in exrpressing, their abhor-
rence ut that unjust anti tineunstitutOnsti nreaatirs, :the i3il;

of Pains and Penalties, by which her Majesty's enemies
had sought to ruin her honour, and deprive her of her
just rights and privileges. Though that illustrious Per-
son had been completely acquitted, yet every thing was
kept suspended, and Parliament had been prorogued in order
to holster rip a tottering Administration, by raising a'spirit of
Royal, or rather Ministerial Radicalism, and screen them from
that inquiry which tii• justice of the country demanded. An
attempt had been shade to identify Administration with the
king, as if attachment to the King's Ministers and to the
Person of the Sovereign were one and the same thing. • Fie
should be glad to know who of Isis Majesty's subjects bail
sworn allegiance to his Ministers. The short way would be
to pass an Act of Parliament at once, making it high treason
to speak disrespectfully of his Majesty's Ministers. The ob-
ject of the Resolution which he was about to move, was to re-
store her Majesty's'name to the solemn service of the Church,
that the People of England tnightpray publicly for that Illus.
trions Persou, whom they already prayed for in their hearts.
It was extremely doubtful whether there was any legal au-
thority for omitting her Majesty'S name ; and it appeared,
from a learned ,and elaborate investigation of the subject
which he had latelyseen,, that every Clergyman who omitted
it was liable to a civil prosecution. He conk! 'not pretend tit
decide upon that question, but be trusted, at all events,:that
the Housebf Commoris would entertain the subject of their.
Petition, and that they would take such measures as 'would
not only restore,her Majesty to her rights and dignities, hut
lead to the punishment of his Majesty's Ministers. He can-
chided by moving tyre-several Resolutions.
Mr. SournoaTe seconded the motion, and in a speech of
some length, supported the argomeots of the preceding
speaker.--(Soma applause. below the bar was heard at the
close of his-speech.)
Mr. S. DixoN . said, if any symptom of applause or disap-
probation were manifested below the liar, lie should move
that the Court should he closed. He hopes! that which had
just been heard would nut be repeated.
. •
Mr. CLARK was satisfied from the very arguments aged in
support of them, that it was•his duty to oppose the Resolu-
tions. Ile had expected that some argument would have
been used to shew that the Queen possessed rights defined
by law, which had been violated in her vise. He was aware •
that it was the custom to allow the Queen a Palace and a
Court ; but it was no right ; and the Public had no right to
intertereiwith the private arrangements between the King
arid' his' Consort. If she was deprived of 'these things he
• would say it was mean, pitiful. and contemptible ;•but he was
discussing the. question of right. The erasing of her name
from the Liturgy was equally contemptible as Unchristian-
; but who will say that she had a right to have it restored
when the point was disputed,. and was full of subtleties ?
They had no right to suppose that the House of Commons
would not take her Majesty's case into considerationin the
Sartre way as was now proposed to be recommended to,it.
Her Majesty was now in perfect safety, and therefore the pre-
sent motion was uncalled for. It would only arouse again
the just indignation of the People, and he, therefore, moved
the previous question. as an amendment..
Mr. S. DixoN seconded the amendment. This question of
the Liturgy had done more injury to her Majesty's cause than
any thing else. Many respectable men had been accuses! of
creeping into holes and earners.—(Hear, hear !)-1-le would
tell them bow that was: if they were to express a public opi-
nion, they would have had a taste (the Worthy Gentleman
opposite had had but a very small taste) of what public opi-
nion was. They would be injured in their persons, or drowned
with Llamour. The object was, to bring to condign punish-
ment all those who had the conduct of• affairs ; and who were
quite as,clear in their characters as those that accused them.
he sooner this matter was dropped and forgotten, the better
for the peace and safety of the country. He did not wish to.
touch on the conduct of the Queen ; but he wished she had
adhered to the first Answer to the Norwich Address, that she
did not come to interfere with political matters. She had
been ill advised but her statue had never been in the Liturgy,
and therefore could never have been erased from it.

Mr. Baosyse had, upon former occasions, fully explained.
his sentiments oil the affair of the Queen. The right of pe-
titioning was the• Most valuable-that could•he enjoyed, but it
should not be exercised oftener than was absolutely 'necessary.
If this bad !wet) a motion for the restoration or insertion of
her Majesty's namein the Liturgy, or putting her in posses-
sion of her rights tite. privileges, he would have given a silent
vote in her favour; but; mixed up as these things were with
other matters, he must protest against these Resolutions
He felt still that no Grand Jury in England would have found
a Bill against her Majesty, hot he would say that she had nut
been acquitted of all blame in the opinion.of the people of
this country. Though.there was no sufficient proof of, guilt,
still there was but too much ground for suspicion.
TavLoit and Mr. Ett'ttie also supported' the motion.
Alderman WarrnstaN would not enter• at large on this
subject. One Gentleman; who dealt in general terms, la-
mented the frequency of petitioning. This might be answered
veil easily. The worthy Gentleman agreed in , the miscon-
duct of thosewho had brought forward all the charges against
the Queen; but he could not agree to the Motion, because •
no one had proved a right in tbe'Queen to the privileges
usually attached to her rank. Every private Gentlewoman
would have a remedy at law, if she was so treated by her
husband. This had become a State question, whether the
King's Ministers had a right to degrade the Queen ? The
worthy Gentleman agreed. in all that had been urged ; hut
be would not do any thing for her Majesty, ,though she was
still degraded and: persecuted.. Had he. forgotten that 111 i•
sisters were dealing out the public money'without the con-
sent of Parliament; and that they were employing
secret tmissaries to degrade and vilify the Corporation,
and the great bulk of the community? It was their duty
-to be .constantly. at their pest, addressing the Crown,
and petitioning Parliament; for that was the only.. Way in
which they could sbew the fallacy of those Loyal Addresses •
which his Majesty was told'were so generally expressive of
the sentiments of the- People. .The Loyal Addressers were
following the steps of the Abhorrers of petitioning. in the
reign of Charles II.: The plain English of the casi., there
fore, was, that • the tight of petitioning was invaluable; but
it should never be need but in support of..the present Minis=
tors Butin the reign of Charles 11. the House of Como mops
itself expelled several of its -Members for supporting the Ab-
horrers, and .obstructing the. right of. petitioning. ,There
were many instances in which the Corporation of . Loudon
saved the State. The &it Noblemen and Land•owners in
the latid beganaa'he alarmed for their property, but.not from
. the People. -.Nothing, he believed, would base. pleased Mi-
nisters better than some tumult or disorder in. the country.
This was the gatut Ministers were endeavouring' to play.
• Were such nien aa the Russells and Whits, Whose ancestors
diad.•sealed their coon' ry's,liberty with.,th.eir, blood, to be
liranded :14 disaffe.cted by a parcel of. place-bunters. Thee
Court should- never cease petitioning until a full and fair
redress bad titecwohlained fur all abuaes.and gr ievanees.
Mr. GRif 6m-toms-Led the• Resolution.
Mr. Shafig referred. to au Act ot EdWard VI; respecting
the ordination of the Litany,,frem which he contended, that it,
was an usteonstitotional act to-leave the Queen's tiame out
of the Liturgy.
Mr. 'V. Niv ILLTANis contended, tbat•the true donstroctioin pt
tbe•Aet to which •t he -last speaker had refeited wou4dairove
. that the -Queen'S name, had been legally excluded 'from the
Litany. , The,
,wort by Sheriff had spohot of the importahee
of the right 'of petition,. and of its early existence. • He had
by aedident taken up a •certain tioult on, that, day, which
.treatrd oh pie state of society at :that remote period; and
there, he had found it represented, that certain noisy and
boisterous individuals wrist about travelling • . from place
to: place--(1-ao4hing, and hear, hear!)—toreitig- them-
' selves into Corporations tool Societies—(Limd
and by their tmisterous conduct destroying all deliberation
and debate,--(Much •cheering.)—.tie wondered' ithe worthy
Alderman Jrati not- stated .Ahis. Undoubtedly. -he had
grad it-(Continued laughing) for sntely he 'had looked at
troth Sides of the question. With respect to. the individuals
•who were represented as creePing„into holes and corners, any
ten of Ibeas had inure weight in the country than the whole
cavalcade who attended the Queen to St. Pistil's: He opposed
the Resolistion, and declared its real Object to be,to effee,t the
removal of his Majesty's Miniaers tattier thau todoany SCr-
. virus to the Queen. .
. Mr. Sheriff WILLIAYIK considered that there was much im•!.
propriety-in- coimecting any other subjects. with she original
.object -of the Resolution. lie • condemner} the .M.e4st4re of
'. leaving outlier Maj,:sty's naiee from the Litany.
Mr. OLussam aripperttil the Resolution.
Mr. FAVELL replied, and the previous question having been
ncsittireJ, the of 404 Ij-imolai ion., W 14 Mat carried.

[PRIG_ SEvNPN,pg!

FOREIGN tATKRA

~ EGYPT.—We have. been furnished by some tra-
vellers who recently arrived from the Banks of the
Nile, with the following information, respecting
the new Canal of Alexandria., and two Expedi-
tions undertakes by the Pasla of Egypt

The Canal of Alexandria begins at a short distance front

Pompey's Pillar, and is terminated by the Nile, a little be-
low the tower of Saone ; its length is (44,70 r; toises). about 150
miles, its breadth about 100 feet, and depth 20 feet. 01. e
hundred thousand men began it on the sth of Jarroary 1819 ;
the number of workmen was increased to 260,000 at the end
of February, each of whom was paid a Torliish piastre (ten-
pence) a day; in the month of May, 30,000 more labourers
arrived from Upper Egypt, and this great cans) was finished
on the lath of September, and received the name of t h..
tllo7ldie.

The little canal, which carries off the excess of water from
the A ahmondie, and empties itself into the sea, was com-
pleted on the 10th of the following October ; it rims about
eight miles, is' nearly 70 feet wide, and 17 deep. These
canals, so beneficial to commerce, having been dog in low
marshy grounds, between Lake Mandi 6, and Lake Marentis,
the workmen were attacked by an epidemic which swept off
nearly 4,600, and the wet weather in the months of Feb"
roar), and March, was fatal to about 2,300 more. Pensions
and 'gratuities have been granted to the widows and orphans.
Six foreign engineers superintended these works. •

A second enterprize, less advantageous indeed but much
more perilous, occupied in the winter a part of the army. A
force of 6,000 cavalry, with a few pieces of artillery, was de-
cached to effect the conquest of Little Oasis, in which country
the Temple of Jupiter Ammon is sitaated; the army ad-
vanced into the Desert, but they had scarcely paSsed. the
Lybian mountains, when they had to contend against- the
most terrible of enemies, the South Wind, or Kamsin.. This
scourge was very destructive to the troops, but (he greatest
mortality prevailed among the horses; provisions also failed,
and the soldiers were obliged to live on dates. At length
they arrived at Sevonah, the capital of Oasis, whose -inhabi-
tants had taken the precaution of seuding their must valu-

able articles to a friendly tribe, about-nine days journey itt
the Desert; the siege was immediately commenced, and the
Ammonites were quickly compelled to submit to the terms
imposed on them by their invaders.- After, a campaign of
less than three months the. army returned to the banks of
the Nile.

Another Expedition was preparing and destined for the in-
vasion of that part of Abyssinia which has maintaine;lits in-
dependence, with a view of transplanting colonies of. hhs '
bantimen front thence to Lower Egypt whose population is
insufficient for the cultivation of the soil. -An 'advanced
guard, Consisting of 500 soldiers, had already taken its depar-
ture in the month of July, and it will be followed by 10,000
cavalry (now encamped round. Cairo.) under the cornmaod
of Pactia,"the eldest sort of-the Viceroy.
Mehetued Ali receives strangers with kindness and atten--

tion, which are very uncommon in the East. His eager queii,
lions evince his; earnest desire to become acquaidted -with
Europe and its institutions; and he has actually ordered the
best works on mechanics, tactics, political economy, and agri-
culture to be trinslated,inio Arabic. He perseveres with a
constancy which nothing can shake in the system of regene-
ration, which, he has introduced; and his warlike genius and
love of improvement is ably 'seconded by the talents and vi-
gilance of yussuff-Bugoz,' his ordinary Secretary,..and Mi-
nister for Ftsreivs Affairs. The greatest security pr:eVaits in
these Province?, and the traveller, may visit without any
escort the Pyramids, the Desert; and the wonders, Upper
Egypt.—(Mostifettr, Dec.. )
SOUTH AmetucA.--M. M. Martini and Spix, Mett!sers of
the.Acaderny,of Sciences at Munich, are just returned from
.ajournty through South America, which was utiderOjtihy
direction of the Bing of
_Bavaria. The followingyarticulars
of their expedition and researches havebeen in gasscralcircu-
lation among the Literati on toe Continent
The ttavellers explored the whole of the :Western part of
South America. Brazil was. more particularly the olOect of
'their ohkervations; •but they penetrated far into the•interior
of the Country, and ascended mountains and tilers, which.
have hitherto- only been visited:: by Europeans .engaged iii
Conithercial .Enserprizes; who • bad neither leisnit:mur
io-
clnation to devote any portion of their time to .Seintilicite-
searches. •

The, two Bavarians have brought home a great. variety of
speOmeris of Natural: History, e!cotie of , which are extremely
rare; they mean tee deposit the whole Collection lit the Mu-
sctivii at Munich, andlo present it to their Suvereign."
One of them, in his quality. of Physician, has .made many
yeti. interesting eperinterits ons several diseasei,s:either en-
tirety unknown in. Foirope, or, at least, badly desctibiid, and
not characterised by the same degree of violence as in the
:few World.
The suiall-po4 has made great havook its the countries
vi-
sited by pi. M. mAr.Ous and Spix. They !ived several months
'its the midst; of various tritici of savages. The skioof the in-
habitants is so hard that the eruptipu cannot penetrate, and
,the,yariplous poison consequently lodges in the internal or-
sans, and carries off its unfortunate victims by thousands.—
The Government of Brazil is neirtrivitting in its exertions to
encourage the genera) practice of vaccination; but its efforts
have riot yet beers', crowned with success, owing -to the dis-
tance of the villages from the principal towns, as well as to
the difficulty of procuriug and preseiving.the vaccine
'On their return ..frouyAinerica, the trayellers littirled at
Lisbon, and proceerlyA to Bavaiia Airough Portugal,' Spain,
and 'Fiance. They were accompanied, by two youngsavages,
of different sexes, anti about 14 years sill. ;;dine had em-
barked with M. M. Martins and Spix, but seven,;lieri on the
Iti,s.s.affes and the. two who surrii.eii belonged to.teiinAlifferent
tribes quite unknOWn to each other. The trihelit W.Web the
.young girl belonged resideel several hundeed leaglikii from the
sea, are
.Auttiropopliagi, and auiount to ribont 4b1.1b0
duals;
.the buy is related to tbe of a tribe Whose num-
bers are estimated at about to,o4oi.and who' are settled at a
shutter distance. fronohe ur.opeats possessions'. The lan-
guages speik en. by, ttle en bear no sort' of. affinity ; yet you cart
limier yourself untirstood by conv=ersing with thethin a Por-
tUguese di:dia.:whit:his gammon to ail the natives,sylio, not-
withstanding, aro epgaged ill cotitinual hostilities against
each other.
• • two young Indians are ill-shaped, stout, and
short; their complelloois copper coloured; and thrit coon..
tenancp is without the least expression.:lndifferent to every
thing they Fei, ill tutope, how unlite the hero and heroine
Of the Letters' of Madame de Graffigni!,, The °ply. thing of
which they ate 'se:risible is tbe,cold.
• huy's fi4.e is tattooed in black tour 4 the tips, and the
'girl's noel rill are tided on eadtt.ihdo tor the rese,ptian of rings.
Jaf'. i.) •

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

STATE PAPER.

MANIFESTO OF THE PORTUGUESE NvrtoN TO THE
SOVEREIGNS AND PEOPLE OF EUROPE.

The PoytugneseNation, animated with the most
sincere and ardent desire to maintain the political
and commercial relations which have hitherto
bound it to all the-governments and people of Eu--.
rope, and having more particularly at heart to con-
tinue to merit in the opinion of illustrious men of
all nations the return and consideration which
have never been refused to the loyal and honour,
able character of the Portuguese, judges it inJis-
pensably necessary to offer to the public a suc-
cinct but frank exposition of the causes which
produced the memorable events that have lately
taken place in
,Portugal, of the true spirit whiCh
directed them, of the sole object to which the
changes tended that have been made, or which it
is intended to make, in the internal form of 'its
government. It is confident that this exposition,
rectifying the false idea which may perhaps have
been conceived of those events, will merit the
kind attentions of the Sovereigns and of the
people.
All Europe knows the extraordinary circum-
stances which in 1807 forced his Majesty John
the Sixth, at that time Prince Regent of Portu-
sal, to remove kith his Royal family to his trans-
Atlantic dominions. It is granted that this reso.'
lotion of his Majesty was judged then of the
rest decided advantage to the general cause of
liberty in Europe. Nobody however failed to
perceive the critical situation in which,Portugal
was placed by the absence of its Prince, and suc-
ceeding events proved that_ this foreboding was
not van or rash.

Portugal, separated from her Sovereign by the
vast expanse of the ocean, deprived of all •--re-
sources from her transmarine possessions, and of
all the benefits of commerce, by the blockades of
her ports, and governed• at home by a hostile
force, which'was then thought invincibV, seem-
ed to have reached the final term of its political
existence, never to be replaced in the rank of
independent nations,.
In such a desperate crisis this heroic people
did not lose its honour, its courage, or its fidelity
to its King, which could not be torn from its
heart by the force of circumstances, nor by the
preponderant power of the enemy. They, in
fact, displayed themselves in the most energetic
manner as soon as a favourable oppor4unity of-
fered. The Portuguese, with the assistance of
their allies, recovered, at the expense of the most
painful sacrifices, their political existence ; re-
stored with generous loyalty to their monarch
the throne and the crown ; and impartial Eu-
rope must confess (though this justice is not al-
ways done) that to them are also in a great mea-
sure owing the triumphs which have since been
joined to the advantages of the liberty and inde-
pendence of thrones and nations. It is more easy
to conceive than to express what was the internal
situation of Portugal, after circumstances so new,
effects so extraordinary,, and a convulsion so
general.
The ruin of its population commenced by the
emigration of the inhabitants who followed the
Prince, or endeavoured to withdraW- fiom the
distrustful suspicion or the systematic persecution
of the enemy ; which was increased by the two
fatal invasions of 1809 and 1810, and by the
inevitable losses of a long obstinate war of seven

years.. •
dommerce and industry, which can never pros-
per but under the beneficent protection of peace,
security, and public tranquillity, were not only
suppressed and abandoned, but seemed to have
been wholly destroyed by the unlimited liberty
given to foreign vessels in the ports of Brazil ; by
the disastrous treaty of 1810; by the consequent ,
decline of the national manufactures ; by the al-
most total destruction of the mercantile, marine,
and naval force ; by the absolute want of all care
to protect and encourage these two most impor-
tant branches of public prosperity.
Agriculture, the basis of the riches and strength
of rations, deprived of the arms which the army or
death took from it ; destitute of the capitals
which supported it, and which had been some-
times employed on objects of the more urgent
necessity ; deprived of the vital strength which
it used to receive from the national industry, and
from the active circulation of commerce, both
domestic and foreign, lay in a fatal lethargy, and
presented to the astonished spectator only the
melancholy picture of famine and misery.
The sensible diminution of the public revenue,
caused by the ruin of the population, of com-
merce, and of industry ; by the irrevocable loss
of the great sums which the enemy violently ex-
torted from the hands of the Portuguese ; and by
the excessive expellees of the war, obliging the
nation to contract new and enormous debts, for
the payment- of which its resources were engaged,
gave the final blow to public credit, which was
already shaken by the scandalous malversations
of the fiscal aanents as well as by the most erro-
n-ous system ofadministration. • - I
If the Portuguese did not love
,and respect
• their Prince and his august dynasty with a kind
of love ..and adoration almost religious, if they
did not wish to receive from his•justice and kind-
ness alone the reforms and public improvements
which such a state of things imperiously de-
mands, it would be very easy at that time to fix
limits to power, or dictate conditions suitable to
such urgent circumstances. They were not igno-
rant of. their rights ; the general tendency. of
• opinion, guided by the light of the age, and
openly manifested among the most civilized .na-
tions of Europe, invited them to such use of
these rights Which their ancestors had recognized
and, exercised on less pressing occasions the
victorious and triumphant army would have sup-
ported such just . pretensions, and the nation
-would now be•freeor certainly less unfortunate.
But the character of the Portuguese could not
belie itself. They chose rather to hope every
thing from their Prince, than to give to Europe,
already afflicted by the late misfortunes, the

sight of a turbulent and impatient nation, or t
appear to abuse the facility afforded by-circum-
stames to chew a spirit of revolt and want of sub-
mission. The silent and peaceful endurance of
their evils was the basis of their proceedings—
confidence in the acknowledged virtues of the
Prince, the foundation of their hopes. •

. , .
But (it is hard to say it !) these lopes were
wholly deceived, and this suffering ~as carried
to the utmost extent to which it seems possible
for the patience of a .high-spirited nation, full of.
the feeling of its misfortunes, and not ignorant
of the means of remedying them, to endure.
After this introduction, the Manifesto proceeds
to observe, that it is unnecessary to paint in de-
tail the melancholy picture of the decline of Por-
tugal in the last six years, as- being notorious to
all Europe: Referring to the preceding, it states
-as additional causes of ruin, the sending so many
thousand troops to Brazil to carry on a war of
which Portugal
.bore the burden, and which ex-
posed it to the attacks of a powerful neighbour,
always its rival, and now offended and provoked.
Commerce was without encouragement, and
every regulation tended only to the advantage of
foreigners. Manufacturers were equally discou-
raged, and while their own manufactures were
going to decay, and innumerable workmen re-
duced to idleness and want, the most insignifi-
cant articles of furniture or dress were imported
from other countries. Portuguese vessels were
taken by friends and enemies, insulted and cap-
tured by pirates, insight of our own fortresses.
The Portuguese saw-and suffered. But why re-
new these profound sorrows ! Even strangers,
who profited by the dreadful indifference or cold-
ness of the Portuguese Government, Often said
with honourable frankness--=-".This fine country

,s worthy of a better fate." Blessed as Portuga
s with a-most fruitful soil, overflowing with agri

cultural riches, augmented in quantity by the
improvident, permission of excessive impor
tati°ll/.
yet the general-distress was so extreme, that the
poor was perishing with famine in the midst of
plenty, and the bounty of Heaven was blasted by

the folly of man.
The Manifesto then shews how this distress
was still further aggravated by continuing an
immense expenditure, as if the Court were still
at Lisbon, while the revenue was sensibly dimi-
nishing by the above causes, as well as by the
negligence and peculation- of the officers. The
sums sent to Brazil for the war in America, &c.,
increased the distress and caused the salaries of
the public servants in every department, as well
as the interest of "the public debt, to be dread-
fully in arrear; aiid finally, (with shame be it
spoken), it was .not possible to complete a loan
of only four millions of crusadoes.
The Portuguese knowing the heart of tteir
Sovereign, hoped he would prepare the necessary
reforms, hope which his Majesty sothetimes
encouraged ; but the hope vanished, and the
Ministers at Rio Janeiro turned aside the King's
mind from it, and were displeased when any pa-
triot dared to publish his opinions on this impor-
tant subject, and shewed the necessity of restor-
ing the seat of Government to Portugal.
-Hence the Portuguese began to lose their con-
fidence in'the sole remedy which remained. The
idea of being reduced to a colony effected them :
and all saw it was impossible for the affairs of a
Monarchy to go on regularly at such a distance
from the centre of its actions, frequently impeded
by the malignity of men, the violence of passions,
and even the effects of the elements. _ _

What could the Portuguese nation do
such a situation ? Suffer and hope 2 It did
suffer and hope in vain for many years. Sigh,
remonstrate, complain ? It did sigh, but its sighs
were not listened to. Not listened to ? They
were repressed, cruelly stifled. It remonstrated
and complained, but its remonstrances and com-
plaints never reached the throne. The King was
told that his people were contented and faithful;
and the manifesto protests, in the face of Eu-
rope, the unalterable loyalty of the nation, but
observes that content is incompatible with a situa-
tion like theirs ; it shews that the late events
have not their origin, as had been intimated, iu
the false principles of an absurd and disorganiz-
ing philosophy, or by the love of unbridled chi-
merical liberty, but in the conviction of the pub-
lic distress and the desire of remedying it. It shows
that government is essential, to society ; but that
whatever may be the species of Government esta-
blished in'a nation, and by whomsoever exercised,
neither force nor habit, nor the lapse of time, can
deprive a nation of its inalienable right of re-
vising its fundamental laws, and introducing such
improvements as may be necessary. The Por-
tuguese acted upon these principles : they wish.
ed to place the Throne upon the solid bases
of justice and law : they did not desire to in-
troduce an innovation, . but a restoration of the
state of things which -formerly existed in. Por-
tugal, when in 1139 they gave the Grown to their
first Monarch, and made the first fundamental
laws of the Monarchy in the Cortes of Lamigo ;
when in 1385 they gave the Throbe to John I.
on conditions which be accepted ; when in 1640
they gave it toJohn IV. who also respected their
liberties ; when the Portuguese hat their Cortes
through a long period of five - centuries, when
they reached the summit of glory and greatness.
It is, therefore, absurd and unjust to stigmatise
what they have done as rebellious or unlawfitt
Philip IV. in the same manner denounced the
glorious 'rising of the Portuguese, in 1640, as re-
bellion. It is equally absurd to attribute the
late events to a faction. Taking every thing into
consideration, the Portuguese cannot doubt but
that their patriotic proceedings Inust Merit not
only the most favourable consideration, but just
praise, both in the public opinion of enlightened
• nations and in the Cabinets of the European So-
vereigns.

In conclusion, the Manifesto remarks that if:
would be most afflicting•to the Portuguese nation
if the powerful Sovereigns with whoni it has
ways been on the terms of friendship should
abuse their power to impose laws on it, or to re-
press the noble efforts of a nation, incapable, by
its geographical position, of troultling, the peace
of. other people, which has never interfered in the

Internal concerns of othert, and which may de-
pend on the acknowledged justice of the Princes
of Europe ; but which, if its hopes in this re-
spect should be disappointed, it will risk every
thing in the defence of its just rights ; that the
maxim, " No nation ever failed to be free .virhich
desired to be.sO," is their encouragemeni;gand
that if .411,11 u. pity they should fail in attaining
41i is_hay•pinall,k-the nation.- be 0-destifiyed
sooner than conquered', and no good citizen will
survive.. the ruin of the public felicity. They,
however, anticipate a inure fortunate result.