The Sun.
London, England, 1826-09-27 00:00:00

CORN-EXCpANGE.—(Tun DAY).

h The arrivals of English Corn are very small. The W eat
erede remains in the seine dull state as Monday. Barley, Bow.
And Pease, support last quotations, and Oats are languid sale at
Monday's prices. in Flour no alteration.

ARUIVAL/1.
Wheat. Barley.
English le4t9o qrs. We tire,
Irish
Fors ign

()aid. I Item
GO say. 2,110 itkl,

10,100

SPIRIT OF THE MAIM JOUR N A LS.

Again, as we are told by the French Papers, Russia
and Turkey miSunderstand each other upon those
points which had for so many years formed, the sub-
Jeet of active megociatioriat Constantinople. What the.
consequence of this renewed misunderstanding may
he, is pointed out in the, paper:; to which we have al-
luded ; or it is rather, indeed, ostentatiously detailed
and dwelt upon, for the benefit, we suppose, of the
refractory portion of the Divan. Cetteras paribus, it
is in most cases probable that where two. Governments
are. engaged in a rong diplomatic dispute, the ,more:
powerful party will have the worst of the argument;
SO far as it remains a mere question of reasoning ; be-
' cause there can exist no motive under heaven for a
weak man to provoke the hostility of a strong one, to
raise questions : with him which may eventually'
lead 'to trials of pure force, or by setting up
unfounded claims, to disturb in any manner that
tranquillity on which depends the existence of the
feeble. It seems, on the other: hand, as much the'
policy of. a strong man, confident in his strength, anti
forgettbl of his moral:, to make encroachments on a
less powerful neighbour, and to stir provoking con-
troversies on the subject of such encroachments, as it
:would be of the latter to enjoy a tolerated obscurity,
and by a scrupulous observance of the strong man s'
rights, and a cautious adherence to all his own engage-
ments, to disarm, if ppossible., the spirit of the oppres-
sor, and to escape the visitations of his vengeance.—
We have generally had a strange suspicion, that the
Turks, who are famed for a conscientious regard to
treaties, were more sinned against than sinning, on a
balance of accounts with the Empire of All the Rustles.
It was : the interest of the Ottomans to remain at
peace ; because from war they could have nothing to
look for hut disaster. Apart, therefore, from any
knowledge 0 , tl.l!`. laCtS of the case, it was presumable:
that Tnrikey Would not volunteer a cause of dissension
With his Imperial Mti*e 't Of •rea
sonable
person ). Louise no
person can deny that extreme pride and folly may usurp
,the One of superior, power with a barbarous Govern-
ment, and lead to a. sort of change of characters be—
tween the rival Courts; the weaker exhibiting all that'
was wild. ,and Yeekless ambitious pretension ; the
other watchful of every opportunity, putting on the
appearance of temper, sobriety, 'and moderation. The
tendency of extreme ignOrance, and tonsequent blind-
ness, to plunge a people into'hopeless war, is exem-
.plified in the present state of time Persian frontier.
.there is no' denying that a similar infatuation
preside over. the councils of the Sultan of Constantino-
pie a over those' of AbbasNirzas ; and we feel con-
strained to acknowledge that the general semblance of
justice, together with the fruit's of aggression, may tie
yielded to Russia in' the present instance, through the
'obstinate prejudices and errors of a Cabinet which "did
'not know
.when it was well." At the same time the
'Ways of diplomacy must, by straightforward minds, be
Sleernsd in no small degree inscrutable. According to
the last Ultimatum transmitted several months ago by
the Court of St. 'Petershurgh to the Turkish capital,
it was required that certain Commissioners should be
named by the Porte to repair to Ackerman, and settle
the points at issue. Why the " settlement" could not
as well be provided for through negotiations at Con-
stantinople, where stood the fountaiti-head" of Turkish
as at an obscnre and remote village, whence re-
course must be had to the Sultan iknd his Ministeri,
whatsoever difficulty should arise,' we are not expe-
rieiteed enough in such matters to be thoronghly
capable of vomprehending. Be that as it may, the
quarrel is reported in the French Papers to be " a
mighty, pretty quarrel ;" and the result anticipated is
a free and easy occupation of Moldavia and Walachia
by 46,000 Russians—while 100,000 more are in the
neighhOnrhood, ready to back the oecupiera if it be
needful. I,t is said that the Ith Oct. has been named by
the:Rubsiese.Commissioners as the last day, on which
theyshall:feekhemeelves at liberty to receive an answer
front the Turks to a state paper,, in which they have
embodied all the grievances and dementia of Russia
for wseries of years, and that, failing such reply, the
Russian armies will pass the Pruth instanter. The
oppressions:: pradtised' by Turkey on Wallachia and
Moldavia, and on Servian and Greek Christians bear-
letters of safety from Russia, arc alleged among
the foreMoit of Russian complaints; and thus all the
discontented subjects of. the Sultan are taught to look
up to his enemy or rival for protection. If Russia
occupies the provinces on the Danube, gibei
s prepared,
they say, and we 'nothing doubt it, to issue to all the
world aSSUralleehe of. her extreme Moderation, of her
anxiety for peace, and her readiness to renew the nego-
amigos, all of which will be the natural preliminaries
to her indemnifying herself for the past, and shielding:
herself for the future, in a way which shall save her
the tiresome trouble of henceforth negotiating, When
she may think proper to command. A nominal nide-
penance for Moldavia and Walachia issnentioned as.
among the probable terms about to be dictated by the
Cabinet of' St. Pitersburgh, upon occupying or seizing
indefinitely those much-desired
We are much mistaken if the project for reducing
the interest of the National Debt, which hasi found
such favour in the eyes of the higher ranks of this
country, be not openly advocated by several men of
mark in time course of the approaching Session. It
has, always, indeed,, ever since the peace, been a fa-
vourite,with many, though policy required caution with
respect to its avowal. We have been assured by a
frtend of the late Mr: Timer, than whom a more
honourable sod upright man never entered the House
of Commons,4l.tat when be left thiiscountrv, labouring
under the
,disesse to which he fell a victim, he cxs
pressed himself disgusted in the extrema with the want
of principle he had discovered on she subject of the
Debt, amours men of all parties in Parliament. But it
seems to be thought 110 W, that the time for reserve is
past,. A party of. Contary Gentlemen now seldom sit ,
down to timer, without having a touch at the Fund.
holders. Wiwi' a diminution of expeoditure is talked
of, the reduction of the National, Debt is what is really
meant. Mr. Hume and 4 few other disinterested.
men, .really are of opinion that our expenditure may
be greatly diminished by, retrenchment. But the
Country: Gentlemen have no re.trenc.hment yiew,
only look tit
' which does not -begin and end with. the Confiscation of
the property of the Thindholders.
the thing a little. closely. For whom Is the Lxpendi-
ture of this country ?
private eXpenoeS are,
IS it not I.(n' the Aristocracy ?
We have, indeed, a King, whose
we suppose, about equal to the expences of any
one
of.twenty of our Nobility,
or
and for whose sake a palace
and a cottage are occasionally built, pulled down,
rebuilt ; and we have several Princes of the blood, whose
perWeat tPtystiees are a charge to the country. Bo! all
this formsbu(a very small part of the_ expenditure of the
country. Plageshave been multiplied at home and abroad
forthe younger sons dour nobility and gentry. If the
Lord. Charles's and the rest of the regiment do not
obtain proconsuiships, regiments, shipa, &c. &c., a
larger protisiomMu4 be made from the poems' estates,

so that the relief from a diminished expenditure must
be like taking from one pocket to put into another.
Reduction has already been carried as far as it can go
with the working part of the servants of Government.
Clerks innumerable have been dismissed. The only
reduction, therefore, that is now practicable, is in the
higher departments. It seems to us that the Law of
Primogeniture necessarily entails on the nation a heavy
public expenditure for the younger branches. There
is no alternative ;—the younger sons must either receive
a portion of the paternal estates (for Landholders never
save money), or they must be quartered on the public..
I.t would be considered derogatory from the dignity of
a great family, were a Lord. John or Thomas to be-
come manufacturer or shopkeeper ; and to succeed at
the Bar is given but to few. We cannot have at the same
time the advantage of the most splendid. aristocracy
in the world, and a low expenditure. Indeed, so well
is the matter understood by the Nobility and higher
gentry, that wills have been made assigning to younger
sons annuities of a certain amount, payable only till
they received places under Government of a higher
yearly value. We can state of our own personal
knowledge, that, a Nobleman who died some year:,
ago left 590/. a year to his younger sons in that way.
For the country it would, we have no doubt, be much
better if property were to descend equally to children,
for then, a number of individuals, who now prey on
the industry of the nation, would employ their stocks
in the various pursuits of commerce and agriculture.
Almost all the agricultural improvements in the
country, for instance, have taken place in counties in
which properties were much divided. In England, it
was on the small estates in East Norfolk, Stifiblk,

Essex, and Kent, that improvements began ; and it
was in like manner the small landowners in Scotland,
who first vet the example of amelioration. The great
estates have always been the last to exhibit marks of
improvement. The owners are generally ridden by
stewards, and averse to look into the details of ma-
nagement. However, it is idle to speculate on the
advantages of another system of inheritance, for so
long as we possess extensive Colonies and rich Church
Revenues, and have numberless places in every de-
partment of Government, on which the junior branches
can be quartered, the present system will he retained.
But let the landowners beware of touching the inte-
rest of the National Debt. So revolting a piece of
injustice might lead to more serious consequences than
they possibly anticipate. It never can be necessary to
touch the Debt so long as it is covered by the pro-

perty of the countyy 4lf we. must come to a stand,
the only fair principle is that recommended by the late
Mr. 'Ricardo, of throwing together all the property of
the country, the National 'Debt -among the rest, -and
then, deducting from each individual the share of debt
corresponding to his amount of property. On any
other principle the touching the national creditor
would be, a scandalous robbery. , That ,a high public
expenditure is a great evil, is a position which few
will contest. But upon what principle the landowner
can make the high taxation consequent on that expen-
diture a ground for imposing restraints in the trade in
corn, we are at a loss to see. The manufacturer; who
sends , his goods to the markets of the Old and New
World, cannot, en account of the taxation at home,
raise his prices to his cUstoiners. The wo&natt,
therefore, can only receive from him such wages as
the competition.with foreigners will allow linn to pay.
The industrious classes, thereibre, find their comforts
abridged by the taxation. Why, then, should the
landholders, in addition to the burdens they are bound
to pay as their fair share of taxation, be allowed to tax
them still further in the, article of their food, under an
unnatural monopoly ? The plea of the landholders is
the heavy taxes ; but they have no right to indemnify
themselves for these heavy taxes by charging them to
the account of the other classes who already pay their
share. We must all act fairly by one another, and not
endeavour to shift the burden from our own shoulders
to those: of our neighbours.---Monting Chronicle.
Sir John Sinclair, the well-known agricultural Ba-
ronet; lately furnished us with a strong argument in
favour., of 'a free trade in corn, by pointing out the
extensive methods of improvement which remained still
untried by triculturists. We were then well aware of
the 'Baronet a leanings ; but his argument was good on
our side, and we used it accordingly. He has since
grappled with the' Corn Question, and We cannot with-
hold from him that attention to which his patriotic
spirit and practical knowledge of agriculture most
justly entitle him. The' Hon. Baronet very well re-
marks that a few figures and undeniable facts are Worth
volumes of theory and fine-spun declamation ; and, in
conformity with this principle, he gives us the schedules
of the Income Tax for 1814. The incomes liable to
pay under this tax amounted, in all, to 176,734,3111.;
of which 25;000,000/. arose from trade ; and the
whole of the' remainder, including income from the
Funds, income from taxation, &c., lie rather oddly
assigns to the land alone---a singular assertion, on
which we shall not stop to _comment. He winds
.4p
these calculations by stating the yroduee of the odd
and agriculture of Great .Britain at 215,000,0001.,
and, including Ireland and the Colonies, at
317,000,0001. We make no remark on the extra-
ordinary arrangement by which colonial and agricul-
tural produce are confounded ; and the still more ob-
vious incorrectness of his facts, in giving the whole
agricultural produce of our Colonies, including India,
at only 30 millions. The final and the grand mistake
of Sir John
,Sinclair is, that he estimates the present
qusntity of our exports to 'Prussia, Russia, Sweden,
Denmark, and Norway,:as to continue ,the same
after the late system of restrictions as before. He
takes the value of our annual exports at 42,000,0001.,
of which 16,000,000/.,- he says, are such as cannot be
taken from us, and three-fourths of the remainder are
exported to countries which have no grain to give,-7
The remainder, which is exported to the corn coun-
tries, izs too trifling to be taken into the account, Now
to us it really does seem, that this trifling amount of
our present exports to these countries should be the
greatest inducement for us to increase our transactions
with them, by taking their grain in exchange. It does
not' seem very difficult to comprehend that a nation
cannot buy without something to give in exchange,
either to us or to sonic other nation which may furnish
it with gold for its dealings with us. In either case,
whether we are ourselves the exchanging nation, or if
we only,F9Feive gold which has been, brought from
otner ;Latina, the result is precisely the same.
nnerthe corn
.countries must procure substitutes for
ni.antifattur
our commodities which they wouldi consume, or they
are olili iicl' to "
'flaufinbi and thus supersede us in foreign
to
markets,. in brder other commodities to sell
unfair to' able themselves' tourefinse of
L Ver?, deductions are from the rte.!
counts o recent arrivals
.from foreign .nerts. There i 3
at present an exporthr • • • . •
`4)141.1u toreigit countries
much exceeding the natural • .
speculations recently did
salutary, commercial system. Permanent action: of a
isL -obvious that the
same causes could not possibly set,,-10
tio' proportion as our own
quickly upon

foreign countries as upon that in which tile Catites first
took their origin. We may therefore expect' for some
time to see foreign vessels crowd our harbours ; but
over-speculation with them will soon prodUce its usual
consequences, and trade will speedily return into its
natural channels.---British Press.