The Sun.
London, England, 1828-04-11 00:00:00

THE ARMY.

The Lords Commissioners of his Majesty's Royal Hos-
pital at Chelsea, will hold a hoard for the purpose of de-
ciding upon the claims of invalid soldiers to pension, on
Wednesday next the 16th inst.
A Detachment of the 7th Regiment of Hussars marched
on the Sth inst. from Brighton for Dublin.
A Detachment of the 61st Regiment has embarked oo
hoard the Countess of Harcourt convict-ship, at Deptford,
about to sail for New South Wales.

The last Division of the 17th Regiment of Lancers em-
barked at Liverpool, on the 7th iust. for Dublin, on board
the Commerce and Lord Roden steam-packets.

VESTRY MEETING.

ST. PAUL'S, COVENT-GARDEN.

Yesterday the election of a Surgeon for this
Parish took place. The poll was carried on through-
out the day very amicably and with great spirit.
There was no demonstration of that unpleasant feel-
ing which lately agitated the Parish in the election
of a Vestry Clerk. At the close of the poll, the
numbers were—
For Mr. Beaman 3OO
Mr. Morris
Mr. Cole
Mr. Best
Majority for Mr. Beaman
_ _ _

Mr. Dow, of York-street, was in the Chair.
Mr. BEAMAN returned thanks. He expressed his
confidence of ultimate success, if supported. by his
friends. He wished entirely to rest his claims upon
his professional qualifications, and pledged himself to
discharge the duties of the office with zeal and as-
siduity.
Mr. Brooks (we understand), who was appointed
by the late Select Vestry, previous to the opening
of the Vestry, considers that be still holds the office
of Surgeon ; and the present proceedings were taken
by the Parishioners, who assert their right to remove
him, and elect a Surgeon of their own choice.

In the present distressing scarcity of now
novels, an author has (after minute search) been found to
write one. It is nearly ready, and is to be called, "Pene-
lope, or Love's Labour Lost;" and in order to make the
work a perfect unique, the author intends to write it all in
English.—Morning Paper.

A IF IDA V I T.—R/C//z/RD JVOOD, acting Pub-
lisher of the Weekly Dispatch, Sunday Newspaper,
inaketh oath that Forty-eiyht Thousand, Three Hundred
and Seventy-two Copies of that Paper have been printed
from March Ist to April 7th inst. inclusive, thus forming
an average of Eiyht Thousand and Sixty-two printed
each week. Ricu Aan Woon,
. -

Sworn before me, this Weekly Dispatch Office,
9th day of April, 1528, 139, Fleet-street.

M. P. LUCAS, Mayor.

We understand that Sir ROBERT PEEL,
Bart. has transmitted to the Committee of Management
for the Manchester Musical Festival, the munificent dona-
tion of 5001.—Manchester Mercury.

Yesterday a Court of Directors was held at
the East India House, when the new Directors, elected on
Wednesday last, viz., HENRY ALEXANDER, Esq. ; WIL-
LIAM STANLEY CLA Rae, Esq. ; llicarAito CHICHELEY
PLOWDEN, Esq. ; GEORGE RAINES, Esq. ; Sir GEORGE
ABF.RCROMBIE ROBINSON, Bart. ; and JOHN THORNILL,
Esq., took the oath and their seats. WILLIAM ASTELL,
Esq., and Jouu Loci', Esq., were chosen Chairman and
Deputy Chairman, for the year ensuing.
ENTERTAINMENTS AT DEVONSHIRE-
House.—On Wednesday last, his Grace gave a magnifi-
cent Dinner to the Duke and Duchess of GLOUCESTER.
To meet their Royal Highnesses, were present—The Duke
and Duchess of NORTHUMBERLAND; Prince FELIX
SCHWARTEENBERG ; Earl and Countess GOWER ; Earl
and Countess of Gummi ; Viscount Motterru ; Lord
and Lady STUART of Rothesay ; Earl and Countess
CAwnos.; Count and Countess MUNSTER; Lord and
Lady HEyxrsnusx ; Sir ANDREW BAYLEY ; Mr. anal
Mrs. AU DLEY STANnOrE; Mr. and Mrs. CAVENnISR ;
Count MOLTEE, Viscount VALLETORT, the Earl of Essex,
Madame and Mademoiselle FALCK, aid the Minister from
the Netherlands. The Dinner took place soon after seven
o'clock. At half-past ten, arrived Mademoiselle SONTAG.
This celebrated Lady was introduced to the gay circle in
the Grand Saloon by the Prince POLIGNAC, with his
usual grace, gallintry and spirit. The exclamation,
" What a pretty, intelligent face !" was more than once
exclaimed ; and the fascinating simplicity of her manners
added to the gratification experienced on the occasion.
Her's is really a very handsome English face, with a nose
a-la- Grec, and a clear complexion. Iler figure, about
the middle size; and em-bon-point. Mademoiselle SoNTAG
executed some very difficult airs with a high degree of
excellence. Her voice is naturally sweet, silvery, light,
and brilliant.
FASHIONABLE CHANGES.—The Marquis
and Marchioness Wellesley, from their house ill St. James's
square, for the Duke of Wellington's seat, Strathfieldsaye ;
Countess de Grey, from her house in St. James's-square,
;
for her seat, Putney Heath ; the Earl and Countess of
Belfast, and the Countess of Glengall, for Brighton ; Mar-
quis and Marchioness of Bristol, and family, front theb
house in St. James's-square, for their seat, Putney Heath,
Surrey; the Marquis of Carmarthen, in Bruton-street ;
the Dowager
Captain and Mrs. fiardinge, in St. James s-street, from
Clifton; Baron de Mareril and suite, at the Pnitenel
lage Marchionessin a f,,, Salisbury,
n fori e, lle rts Captain
and Mrs. Maitland, from Paris ;
,
Hotel, Albemarle-street, from Paris, on their way to the
Court of Portugal ; Mr. and Mrs. Herbert, from the
British Hotel, Jernryn-street, for Bath ; Captain Knight,
from ditto, for Paris,

SPIRIT OF THE rurtlC JouRNALx:

The acceptance by the Greeks of the armistice
offered by the Turks, can hardly be considered •
as an act bearing all the formalities which uitially
attend the temporary suspension of arms by bel-
ligerent states. It will probably be partly oh-
serVed and partly violated. If it allow the dif-
ferent corps and detachments, which are now
intermingled. with each other, to separate them-
selves, and retire towards their respective seats
of government, it may facilitate the work of
pacification : but then the pacification 'must be
one of which Grecian independence will' form
the basis. For our own parts, grievous as the
conduct of the Egyptian
.troops has been, we
should not be sorry tot. see them retire Ull/430-
lestal. Not vengeance, nor even the power at
inflicting rigid justice, is what should be sought
for'as the end of every civil war, but the simple
attainment of the object proposed at first : and
this war, though not raging among men of the
same race and language, has all the other cha-
racteristics of a civil war. Care, however, must
be taken, 'both for the Greeks, and by the
Greeks, that their cause be not worse at the end
of the armistice than at its commencement.--
The one thing necessary, and never to be lost
sight of, is the establishment of Grecian inde-
-1 p e n\tiveen chea.v—e
reTcheni
evse'd an instructive little volume
fi om Edinburgh (printed for Peter Brown and
James Duncan, London.), under the title of
" An Account of the Poor Colonies and Agri-
cultural Workhouses of the Benevolent Society
of Holland, by a Member of the Highland
Society of Scotland." The volume is illus-
trated by several plates, showing the manner in
which the settlement is laid out, and affording;
plansnist: and
It
ielestth,ao
etifis of
fruit
tothe
flo
personaliuses of the
Coloinvestigation,
'
and perusal of various publications on the sub-
ject in the Dtitch and German languages. It
is generally- believed in England, that in no
country is the number of poor so great as here.
The population of England and Wales, in 1821,
was 12,218,500; and the number of persons re-
lieved permanently and occasionally out of the
rates, in 1814-15 (the last return), without in-
cluding the children of individuals relieved per-
tnanently out of workhouses, was 895,336. The
sum expended in 1814 on the poor, without in-
cluding law 'expenses, was 6,294,5831. The
Sum expended in the year ending 25th March,
1827, was 6,441,0881.—n0 material increase in
the money expended. The population of the
kingdom of the Netherlands amounted, in
1820, to five millions and a half, and had
beau increasing at the rate of 60,000 per an-
num The•number of poor receiviner assistance
at their own homes, in 1825, accordingt to a
Report by the Minister of the Home Depart-
ment, was 703,000, amounting to 11ri and a
fraction in every 1,000. The English Retu."l6
are inaccurate, as we have stated ; but makin',.;
every allowance for the children not includes;-
the proportion of poor to the rest of the popula-
tion must be much lower than the proportion in
the Netherlands. Nearly one half of the poor
'of the Netherlands are stated to be indigent
from superabundance of children. This cause
beresr
sonfdtbserticzosunns,tiehs,oNtvlelev
erfammuilmicesrouosi,
la-
of pauperism in England is local ; for in a great
are
bsit:luoulailm:tpr(Fnrtaeldwewleloolnityaifomirisalswoagaesiargletr wouldpcar
can't)
po-
pulation than England. In Mr. Sadler's late
publication some facts are brought together on
this subject, from which this may be inferred.
For instance, in the twelve arrondissements of
Paris, containing in 1823 a population of
713,966 souls, the Report of the Bureaux de
Charia states, the total of the indigent assisted
at their dwellings or-otherwise 1 5,500
Population of Hospitals and Alms-houses
(Hospices) • 61,500

-187,000
And to this number must oe added foundlings, &c.
But England has not only fewer necessitoug
people than several of the neignouring coun-
tries, but she has actually fewer, compared with
the population, than she had in former times.
Great praise has been bestowed on Mr. Gregory
King, for the accuracy of his calculations, by
Mr. Charles Davenant, who adopted his state-
ments, and by other contemporary lvriters. He
makes the population of England, in 1688, to
amount to 5,500,520, and the number of cot-
tla,g3eoros,olclo.pauffertsherec:uilninogii7layidictlointßoll,9oo,norizat‘nt tve(e:
at that time amounted
must bear in mind that this sum is greater, com-
pared with the then funds of society, than the
sum now paid to the poor is to the present funds
of society. The indigence is not greater now
than it was formerly, but it is better attended to,
England is the country of exaggeration and alarm ;
and on no subject has there been more exaggeration
resortea to than in the case of the poor. It is of some
importance, however, that correct notions should
be entertained on this subject, because the ex-
aggerations are laid hold of by the Irish Gently
as a reason for not consenting to an act of
justice to their own poor. Their way of rea-
soning is, no doubt, curious enough, even ad-
mitting that the Poor Laws had been productive
of evils in England. See what a burden you
have subjected yourselves to, say the Irish
'Squires to the English, by your Poor Laws ;
and therefore, as you are so heavily burdened,osllni(i)ollr
we will throw upon you the additional burden
of supporting our poor as well as your own.
In the little work on the Poor Colonies of Hol-
land, to which we have alluded, the writer, in
his Preface," very justly observes—" Far be it
thela rimendicantisamengc
bearfrdn theus tosaute maintainrank,
ot that aeti,itohye
with those who subsist by their own honest
efforts. This. would, indeed, be to rob inde-
pendencemost valuable distinction, and
wouh its
o spiritf i t s
injustice.
But akin to this error is the opinion, that the
by the most
receivers of alms may be ffectually reclaimed
or economically managed without
either with-
drawing them
.from the guidance of their, own.
perverted desires, or c ,on I
rouling them by any
rules ef d. • V
ls„ciP ine and restraint unpleasant to
themselves. T 1 ,
li, expence of settling' a family
consisting of seven
or eight individuals, in a
Dutch Pauper
Colony, amounts to 1,700 florin:.
Experience,,'
says the writer, " h - shown,
that the tl tree-and-a-half morgen, ujion which
seven or eight individuals arc thus established,
is
not merely sufficient for their support, but
enables them to accumulate considerable wealth.
Three families, consisting of about twenty per-
sons, are thus settled at an outlay, on the part.
of the Society, of only 3,100 florins; and the
whole of that sum, and a great deal more, as will
be hereafter shewn, is repaid in the course of six-
teen years. The cultivated land, houses, &c.
then remain a clear and unincumbered property
for the relief of the poor of future ages.' We
are told, too, that " the too rapid increase of
the population within the Colonies is rendered al-
moat impossible, by the great mortality, arising lio

- -
from inisin'aiia'getndiit in the Colonies, ut from
the debilitated ',:ondition of the Colonists them-

selves, and lay the catre taken to prevent marriages,
or other connubial connections of a shorter Jura-

Lion. No marriage of one colonist with
an:Jfner is allowed, unless either one of the con-
tracting parties, or their parents, be a widow or
a widower, and in possession of a farm. A con-
siderable number of young colonists are also(
annually returned to society, with competent
powers and capacities for earning their own sub-
sistence." The great benefit of this system would
seem to be, that it places those who, from a
variety of circumstances, are unable to take care
of themselves, in situations in which they can be
subjected to a wholesome restraint, by which
means not only are they themselves exempted
from much suffering, but the burden of tbtii-
maintenance to society is less than t'.l. would
amount to were they suffered to be at large.
.4 People (says the writer) tong accustomed to
poverty, however virtuous.in other respects, with
difficulty refrain frem extravagance, when .sod-
tlenly placed over a value of 200 florins) or 300
florins in crops ; they have been found incapable
f)i regulating their resources in such a manner,
their maintenance during a whole year requi,..
For these reasons it has been necessary rentOrce
;tich precautions as may durin t'ne whole year
secure the indispensible necessaries of life. The

chief objectors to these eestraints arc those eel-
..lictedd_ to drinkk. Their income is paid in
cards ; and when they wish to purchase any
thing out of the Colony, they must be accom-
panied on certain hours, by an inferior officer
to the town or village shop. The Dfrec-
iion in every Colony must take care that
this rule be strictly enforced. It is incredible
how gin has been, abused by the lower classes
in Holland, and how much care is necessary
to destroy the pernicious practice of tippling.''
The Colonies veceive allowances f tne re-
espective parishes for the poor they ell c,so that
the poor may be said to be farmed ( vtto them.
The difference between this sort o farming and
that which is known here, is, that our poor so
t:arined out are merely fed in idleness: No
mendicants ace now allowed in the Netherlands.
"No person, we are told, avcustomed to en-
counter the mendicity of Holland in 1815 and
eticeeeding years, can return now to that count
without being struck with the total disappear.
wince of the hosts of beggars, or oral visit the
Colonies in which these mendicants are now so
profitably employed, without feeling convinced of
the actual efficacy of the cure." We know of
no greater evil than mendicancy, and it is int,
possible to put it down by any other means than
maintaining, arel subjecting to such restraints as
are necesetny, those who are tither unable to
';ilPl)(2.rt themselves, or unfit, from bad habits, to
be, trusted with self-government, They who
complain of abuses under the Poor Laws in the
present day in England, would do well to con-
y;ult the writers who described the evils produced
by a different state of things. In a valuable
Treatise on Agriculture, by Hartlib, the friend 1
of Milton, in 1651, he again and again speaks
of the difficulty the cultivator hs.s to contend with
iii the eagrant population and bad habits of the
people living about the commons, then numerous
41 England. "It were convenient (he says) that
every parish through the nation should have a
stock for to set their poor to Work, that the
:young children and women might not run up
and down idle, and begging or stealing (as they
do in the country) l'apples, pease, wood, hedges,
and so by little and little are trained to the gal-
lows. That a severe law should be enacted
against those who run up and down and will not
work ; foe if all know that they may have work
at hnrne, and cam more within doors honestly,
tlaan he running rogueing up and down, why
should they not compel them to it ? And though
some may think the parishes will lose by this
way, because that the stock wrought will not be
'nut off but with loss, as perhaps 10/. will be
brought to Si., yet let them coneider how much
they shall save at ineir doors, how many incon-
veniences the arc freed from ; their hedges in
the country Shy
not be pulled, their fruits stolen,
uor their corn purloined ; and further, that the
poor will be trained up to work, and therefore
fit for any service ; yea, and in their youth learn
a calling by the which they may get an honest
livelihood ; and I dare say their assessments for
the poor would not be so frequent, nor the poor
so numerous; and the benefit which redounds
to the nation would be very great." It would
appear, too, that Captain Rock was not un-
known then in England, for he says, " I dare
not advise to take in commons, fens, ice. and
to improve them for this use (the good of the
poor), lest I should too much provoke the
rude merciless multitude." We cannot afford
pace at present for an account of the machinery
of Colonies, which we are told have sur-
mounted all tha difficulties with which they had
to contend in their outset. " General Van den
Bosch, under whose patriarchal and disinterested
care, as Director of the Colony of Frederiks Ord,
the Colonial system had been commenced and
matured, and of whose services it is impossible to
speak in terms of sufficient praise, was not long
in perceiving the dangers to which his beloved
enterprise was exposed, and in applying a remedy
adequate to the impending evil." In the present
state of Ireland, some mode of disposing of the
redundant population is absolutely necessary.
The Colonies of Holland are not, like Mr.
Oven's parallelograms, hives for swarming the
country with paupers. They place the people
under restraint, thereby guarding against an in-
The difficulty would be to
crease of people.
find in a country like I re land, in which the rich
are so worthless, and the middle classes not over
• and above good, honest, and conscientious peo-
ple like the Dutch, to manage works of the
kind without jobbing. We shall return to this
subject.—Morning Cltrontc:l6
N'hile the combatants fur and against Oe
Marylebone Vestry are following up ti,acli
other's arguments with so much zeal, we beg
leave to supply them with one fact, which on
this, as on most other occasions, is worth a hun-
dred opinions. It is this—that the Select have,
,Nithin these few days, reduced the rates for the
rcesent year fourpence in the pound. Whether
thi4be.dcwing to the good management of the
the scrutinizing vigilance of their op-
pon '‘r, to these and other causes conjointly,
matte, but little. The parties most interested
will draw their own conclusions upon the sub-
ject ; and they will probably he the correct ones.
We are quite convinced that this is far from
being the worst-managed parish in the metro-
polis : on the contrary', every day shows how ex-
tensive and how gross
the system of parochial
abuse has become. We have frequently urged
upon the Legislature the propriety of calling for
Returns of the total amount and particulars of
all parochial rates levied in the different parishes
within the Bills of Mortality, under the various
heads of Poor—Church— arch ng—
Lighting, &c., not omitting the enormous sums
levied upon the inhabitants of the metropolo

the shape e pew-rents, which, including those
paid in chapels and churches, amount to a sum
which, we are assured, would he inilyasiounding, if
accurately known and ascertained; for, strange to
says notedly is the country at large, and the parishes
individually, taxed for the repair and building of
places of worship, hitt these who are to occupy
them pay a rents for sittings, equal, in so►ne

instance ~ to the rent of a good house in many
rills of the kingdom. What v'e would press
upon the public and ...,r6h Parliament is the
truth, upon this 'occasion, of the well-knovoi
maxis::, that " knowledge is pOvver." Withettt
A full knowledge of the 'ext'ent 'of The evil, we
defy the Legislature t% grapple with it wisely or
justly. It ts in vain to nibble at this or that
parttillar Vestry, or this or that parish dinner or
particular abuse ; but it is by looking, at the 'Mink
subject—by being able to see dt one view the
extent to which the system of local taxation is
carrieit—ghttt Parliament is likely to cure the
iy exercising a greater jealousy in thus
delegating its own powers tt Self-elected, self-
auditing, and irrespeAaible bodies. We have no
doubt bktt That the spirit which is now so
Himierally afloat upon the subject,, will 3 at all
events, effect much good; but, if rightly directed,
and, above all, calmly aid discreetly exercised, it
must, in tt,t end, produce a thorough reform in
.11-.2:e--n which was fast generating into—if it
had not already become—one of entire, tm-
compromising, abuse.—Aff)ht6ig
Among the pro ts talked of for the better
protectivii bf the environs of London from the
-extensive depredations to which they have, of '
late, become subject, is the establishment of P 0,,,
lice Offices in various parts of tlif Oiltsidrts
the town—such as Hackney, Greenwich, Lam-
beth, and Ihtninersmith. This may be the
wzky, tAitainly, of furnishing a very snug provi-
sion for a certain number of very learned, but

briefless Barristers ; but we are by no means
convinced that it is the " One thing needful"
upon the ttitasion. It is quite as easy, we
should think, to carry the thieves to justice, as
to convey justice to the thieves ; nor are we at
all certain that an increase of justice-shops may
not act as an increase, to a certain degree, of the
materiel which sUpplics them with occupation.
Whtil the neighbourhood of London wants is
An improved system of day and night patrol ;
and if it could comprise any part of that system
of self-protection, known by our ancestors under
the denomination of " Watch and Ward," it

would be better than any merely paid set of
peace officert,'. But this idea we fairly confess
that we despair of seeing realized. The last
feature of the self-protecting system—the parish
constable—is fast falling into disuse, mainly
from the little judgment and too frequently the
gross partialitN, with which he has been selected.
However this may be, the lives and property of
people cannot await the discussion of abstract
principles. A great and increasing evil is at
their doors ; and they have a right to look to
the Legislature (and we trust they will not look
in vain) for prompt and effectual protection.—
Rid.

We do not feel disposed to cavil at any public
body for advocating exclusively what may be, or
appear to be, its peculiar interests, because it is
by that process alone that the interests of the
community at large can be known, and a balance
struck between such as are conflicting. The
Report of the Shipowners, which we give in an-
other place, is altogether an exclusive document,
in which the rights, privileges, or conveniences
of any other part of the public do not seem to
have been even remotely considered ; but we do
not like it the worse on that account. There is
something honest and intelligible in the plain
pursuit of their purpose, and, while we
differ on some points from their con-
clusions, we give them every credit for their
straight-forwardness. Of the exclusiveness of
their views, we may cite as an example their
complaint of the duty on marine insurances.
That duty amounts, we believe, at the utmost, to
about 50 per cent. on the premium of insurance,
but in the great number of instances it does not
exceed 10 per cent. During the war it did not,
in many cases, exceed 1 per cent. The duty
on fire insurances is 166/. 13s. 4d. per centum ;
yet the destruction of property, on shore, by
fire is quite as much to be deprecated as
the destruction of property on board by
water. One of the arguments by which a
reduction of duty is sought is very curious
the transmission of goods, by canals and
on roads, is comparatively cheaper, says the re-
port, than the transmission by sea. Why ? we
should ask. Because it is not insured. Insure
goods going by the track-boat or the carrier, and
the duty, in proportion to the premium, would
be infinitely more burdensome than that on ma-
rine risks. The only argument against a duty
on insurance that does not apply to every duty
is, that its imposition has a tendency to keep
men from insuring, and thus, pro tanto, to
repress inventions and appliances for prevent-
ing the destruction of property. So far as
such a duty may lead to the destruction
of property which might have been saved,
it is no doubt decidedly injurious, and that,
on shore, the fire insurance duty does so can-
not be doubted. But this objection has no
reference except to fire insurances on land. The
nature of marine insurance and of land insurance
is decidedly different. Were every ship that
sails the ocean insured, or were not an individual
vessel insured, the loss to the community would
be precisely the same. The only difference
would be in the parties who bore it. Nay, in
the former case, the Shipping Interest, as a
whole, would be gainers, for they would save
the profits of the Underwriter. Since, there-
fore, the tax does not operate to the disadvan-
tage of the community in any other way than
every other direct tax does, it is not more ob-
jectionable than a thousand others. The other
argument, that foreign vessels do not pay any
such duties is better, but still their amount is so
small, that it is extremely difficult for any one to
believe, if British vessels could compete with
foreign vessels without it, they could not com-
pete with it. And there is one consideration
involved in such an argument which the Ship-
owners have overlooked. Their claim to pe-
culiar protection, like that of the landed in-
terest, and every other interest that pre-
fers claims, proceeds on th 6 fact that they
have burdens to hear which are not borne in
other countries. How then can they, at one and
the same time, call for a diminution of the bur-
dens, and an increase of the protection ? Ano-
therinstance, among several, of the exclusive-
ness of spirit IA hid' we are noticing, might
found in a representation to Government, made
in the spring of 1826, setting forth the pro-
priety of stationing an armed force on the island
of New Zealand, for the protection of the parties
who might be employed ashore in refitting ves-
sels that happened to lose masts or other spars
in those seas. The soldiers were to be employed
to check or prevent the fatal quarrels which 'fre-
quently arise out of time wanton outrages of the