The Sun.
London, England, 1845-08-01 00:00:00

REMOVAL OF THE POOR.

Mr. BODKIN moved for leave to bring in a Bill to
amend the laws for the removal of the poor, and said
that great hardship was frequently endured by poor
persons who fell into misfortune from sickness, in conse-
quence of their little households being obliged to be
broken up, if it were only to obtain reimbursement for
the parish in which they resided for support during their
illness. This he proposed to do away with. He also
proposed to adopt the suggestion thrown out
in his Bill some time ago, of not allowing
a removal to take place unless relief was re-
quired for a certain number of days after recovery.
He also proposed to adopt the other suggestions
which had been so ably brought forward by the Home
Secretary at the period to which he had referred. All
disputes should be settled by a barrister out of court,
instead of being left to the Court of Quarter Sessions,
as hitherto was the case. There were several other
points on which he would not just now dwell; but
he was ready to receive any suggestion for the improve-
ment of the Bill, or to render his assistance in carrying
any Bill for this purpose next session.
Mr. PAKINGTON said that he was exceedingly
glad that the subject had been brought forward, and he
trusted that his Right Hon. Friend the Secretary of
State for the Home Department would not be deterred
by the difficulties which he had formerly experienced
from again devoting his attention to it, and endeavour-
ing to rectify the serious evils of which so mach just
complaint had been made.
Sir J. GRAHAM said he would be happy to give his
most anxious attention to the measure, and should be
glad to receive the assistance of the great legal know •
ledge and experience of his Learned Friend (M
Bodkin). The state of the law at present with regard
to parochial settlements was most defective, and re.
quired full and careful revision. He hoped, in the
interim between this and the next session, due attention
would be given to this important question.
Leave was then given to bring in the Bill, which was
read a first time.
The House immediately afterwards adjourned, at five
minutes past Nine o'clock.

PARLIAMENTARY BUSINESS.
THURSDAY, JULY 31.
The Lords' amendments to the following Bills were
agreed to
Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton Railway.
Oxford and Rugby Railway.
Glasgow Junction Railway.
Erewash Valley Railway (No. 2).

TRADES DELEGATES' CON-
FERENCE.

Tho Delegates met yesterday at the usual hour, and
proceeded to discuss the merits of the plan for the pur-
chase or rental of land on which to employ the surplus
labour of the Association. The objects of the plan
were set forth under the following heads

1. The purchase of lands whereon to locate and em-
ploy the surplus labour of the Association, in such
manner as shall be most conducive to their own welfare
and that of the Association. _ _ _

2. The erection or rental of buildings for doinestie,
industrious, and commercial purposes, in such localities
as may be best suited for these respective obje6ts, and
the promotion of the general interests of the Asso-
ciation

3. The application of these lands and buildings in the
following manner, to meet the corporate and individual
requirements of the members of the Association. ' 1. To
afford to trades in their corporate capacity the power of
leasing in perpetuity, or of purchasing in fee simple,
such lands and buildings belonging to the Association as
they may require for the location and employment of
their surplus members ; and also the power of investing
their funds with the Association, by way of ken or
mortgage on any of the property of the Association.
2. To divide such portions of the estates purchased by
the Association as may be thought expedient into
small farms, to build thereon suitable cottages and out-
houses, and to sell or lease the property thus improved,
to individuals selected in accordance with the laws of
the Association. All leasehold farms may be sold, and
the proceeds re-invested in fresh estates, to be improved
and dealt with in' like manner, in order that the sub-
scribed capital of the Association may, to the largest
possible extent, promote the purchase of, and the draft-
ing
up on the land, the unemployed members of the
Association.
The first clause was agreed to with a trifling amend-
ment, as were also the second and third without dis-
cussion. The meeting adjourned at the usual hour.

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MAGAZINE DAY.

BLAcirwootA MAGAZINE.

Blackthoo4 this month opens With a r2view of
work "Oa Death PuniAiroent," and of
Captain Maconochie's " Book on the Management of
Transperted Criminals." The author, in the very out-
set, admits the difficulty of the subject in the following
terms:— .

" Reformatory punishment t Alas, there is an incurable
contradiction in the very wrms t Punishment is pain, is de-
privation, despondency, avtion. 13. at, would you reform,
you must apply kindness, and a measure of prosperity, and a
greater mea.ure still of hope. There is no genial influence in
castigation. It may deter from the recommission of the iden-
tical offence it ♦isits, but no conversion, no renewal of the
heart, waits on its hostile presence ; the disposition will remain
the same, with the addition of all those angry sentiments which
pain endured is sure to generate. No philosopher or divine of
these days would invent a purgatory for the purifying of cor-
rupted souls. No—he would say—your purgatory may be a
place of preparation if you will, but not for heaven. You may
make devils there—nothing better ; he must be already
twice a saint whom the smoke of your torments would not
blacken to a demon. _ _ _

We may rest assured of thin, that the actual infliction of
the punishment must always be an evil, as well to mind as
body—as well to society at large as to the culprit. If the
threat alone could be constantly efficacious—if the headlong
obstinacy, the pas:-ion, and the obtuseness of men would not
oblige, from time to time, the execution of the penalty, for the
very purpose of sustaining the efficacy of the threat—all would
be well, and penal laws mieit be in full harmony with the
best educational institutions, and the highest interests of hu-
manity. But the moment the law, frau a threat becomes an
act, and the sentence goes forth, and the torture begins, a
new but unavoidable train of evils encounters us. There is war
implanted in the very bosom of society—hatred, and the giving
and the sufferance of pain. And here, we presume, is to be
found the reason of the proverbially severe laws of Dace,
which, being instituted by a man of virtue and humanity,
were yet said to have been written in blood: he desired that
the threat should be effective, and that thus the evils of pu-
nishment, as well as of crime should be avoided.
" Whatever is to be effected towards the genuine reforma-
tion of the culprit, must be the result, not of the punishment
itself, but of some added ingredient, not of the essence of the
punishment; as when hopes are held out of reward, or part
remission of the penalty, on the practice of industry, and a
continuance of good behaviour."
With regard to the punishment of death, the author of
this article is of opinion that it ought to be continued as
the punishment of murder, not for the effect which the
execution of the murderer produces on the depraved and
drunken mob, who assemble to witnees it as they would
any other spectacle, but because, by the impression which
it produces on the mind of every man throughout the
kingdom that if ho should, through sudden passion, or
the instigation of cupidity, be induced to take the life of
a fellow-creature, he shall, after•having spent days and
nights in agony end fear, be, eventually, hanged up like
a dog amidst the scoffs of the mob, it presents to
the mind an antagonist idea most fit to en-
c,-)unter the temptation to the crime. With re-
gard to secondary punishment, the writer is not
inclined "to favour those inventive g,ntlemen who
would devise new punishments or revive old ones." In
his opinion, " a well-regulated prison, where the severity
of the task-work, the nature of the diet, the duration
and the strictness of the confinement, all admit of ap-
portionna;.,ut to the offence, seems to include all that is
desirable in this matter of punizbrocrit."
He sturdily protests against Captain Maeonnochie's at-
tempts to enlist the sympathies of his readers in behalf
of the transported convicts, but considers one of the sug-
gestions of the Captain as most valuable, viz., that the
tune of imprisonment should be commuted for the quan-
tity of labour done; by this means he considers punish-
ment would be made more elective as a t hreat, and its moral
effect would be much improved, as it would lead the
caiminal to acquire a habit of continuous industry. He
is little disposed to advocate either the silent or the soli-
tary syrtem, but considers it quite sufficient that the la-
bours of a prison should be conducted with stern military
order, so as to make a prisoner feel that obedience
and submission are the only parts he has to act. The
observations in this paper are confessedly fragmentary,
but they are the observations of a writer of strong,
sound, practical, common sense, who has evidently
carefully considered the subject on which he writes.
This article is followed by a third series of specimens
of the Lyrics of Pushkin, the Russian poet. The Lyrics
in the present number are all of them exceedingly
spirited, and some of them elegantly beautiful. They
are exqusitely translated. Russia is happy in having
such a poet, and Pushkin is most happy in having such
a translator. " Marston ; or, the Memoirs of a States-
man," gives us some spirited sketches of Pitt and his
contemporaries, just before the peace of Amiens, at
which period Marston represents himself as having been
a member of Mr. Pitt's cabinet. He is afterwards dis-
patched to St. Petersburgh as British Ambassador at
the Court of the Emperor Paul, and he gives a very vivid
description of the state of feeling of the Russian Court
and . nation, which eventuated in the assassination
of the unfortunate maniac. The contempt and
hatred of Christopher. North fOr Cockneys and
Cockneydom' }bath long been matter of public
notoriety, and in " A Letter from London by a
Railway Witness," the crutch of " the old man eloquent"
is exercised with terrific vigour on Railroad Committee-
men, stock-jobbers, and dramatic burlesques—" Graciosa
and Percinet" and " Cinderella" being the especial vic-
tims of his wrath. " Priests, Women, and Families," is
an admirable review of Michelet's work, which, as the
reviewer justly observes :
" It deserves the anxious consideration of all who are in-
terested in the progress of European civilization, and may
teach a valuable lesson to many who may, at first sight, seem
to be far removed from the mischief which it seeks to remedy."
" My College Friends, No. 2. Horace Leicester," is a
graphic sketeh of the life of a "rowing" man at Oxford,
and " Zumalacarregui," is an account of the career o:
the celebrated Carlist chieftain, founded on his recently
published biography, by his old comrade in arms
Zaraticgui. The history Zumalacarregui furnishes
a most instructive comment on the Scripture
precept, " Put not your trust in princes."
North concludes this number by another of his delightful
specimens of the British critics. "We invite," he say=s,
" the people of these realms to admire with us the
critical genius of Dryden and Pope, dis Played in their
matchless satires; Mac Flecknoe and the Dunciad ;"
an invitation that the people of these realms will most
assuredly accept with gratitude.

TAIT'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE (FOR
AUGUST). No. CXL.
An excellent " Oue Shilling's" worth. " Priests,
Women, and Children" is a sprightly notice of M.
Michelet's work of that title. It contains some sound
philosophy, too, together with some fun. They who
imagine the influence of the Jesuits, in the direction
of the education of youth, and the consciences of the
female laity of their ,congregations, had better read M.
Michelet's observations on the subject, and the Piquant
commentary of Tait. "Memoirs of Lady Hester
Stanhope"—a notice extending through fourteen double
columned pages of the Magazine, in addition to the
four consecutive reviews of the same work, which have
appeared in the Atheneum, one would almost think
would leave little for the general reader to collect from
the three volumes in which Mr. Colburn has published
to the world the memoirs, personal and political, of this
very singular lady. For our own parts we must confess
that, notwithstanding all her Ladyship's egregious
vanity, her ridiculously exaggerated estimate of her
own mental powers—of her influence over the imprae-
tumble Emir of the Druses of Mount Lebanon, and the
far more masculine intellect and dispositions of her
kinsman, Mr. Pitt—we are still amused, at each fresh
perusal of these 'reminiscences, by some new touches of
original character and original opinions. But among
all the strange and unsparing revelations of private and
family history which the book contains, we are most
struck with the following annofineetnent of Str. Pitt, the
gigantic champion of royalty and legitimacy, in a new
character :--

"To be enabled to act as the guardian angel of the
rest of the family, Lady-Hester had established herself
with her uncle, Mr. Pitt, who, it appears, was a repub-
lican or Tom Paineite in theory, or in the abstract.' It
was a perilous crisis ; and Lord Stanhope was not out of
danger of arrest as his daughter believed. Were not
Lord Thanet, Ferguson, and some more of them thrown
into gaol ? and I said, 'lf my father has not a prop
somewhere, he will share the sane fate ;' and this was
one of the reasons why I went to live with Mr. Pitt. Mr.
Pitt used to say, that Torn Paiue was quite in the right ;
hut then he would add, What am Itodo ? if the
country is overrun with all these men, full of vice and
folly, I cannot exterminate them. It would be very well,
to be sure, if every body had sense enough to act as they
ought ; but, as things are, if I were to encourage To►n
Paine's opinions, we should have a bloody revolution ;
and, after-all, matters would return pretty much as they
were.' But I always asked, What do these men want?
They will destroy what we have got, without giving us
anything else in its place. Let them give us something
good, before they rob us of what they [we ?] have. As
for systems of equality,' every body is not a Tom Paine.
Tom Paine was a clever man, and not one of your
hugger-muggsr people, who have one day one set of
ideas, and another set the next, and never know what
they mean.' lam an aristocrat, and I make a boast of
it. We shall see what shall come of people's conun-
druins about equality."
Chapters of " Passages in the History of Knockarow"
continue to evince considerable powers of description,
and a fund of Irish humour. "Servia, the Youugcst
Member of the European Family"—the very pleasant
review of Mr. Paton's very agreeable book of that de-
signation ; and the papers on the " Life of Jean Paul
Richter," and on " The Works of De La Mottee
Fouque," are all calculated to sustain the reputation of
this agreeable miscellany. As to the latter, we do not
think the selection of " Theodolf the Icelander," as a
specimen of the great powers of a most inventive no-
velist, as particularly happy. The story is full of fine
passages, but it has really much of the weariness and
length of the Icelandic winter it so picturesquely
describes.