The Sun.
London, England, 1845-10-02 00:00:00

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"7". 3

cle
Viunnistere d therg:3lnant Prayed and preached in the German tongue, and
gation under Sacrament to a great number of his congre-
both forms.

.
IRELAND.
D I)EAFR OF THE MARQUIS OF ELY.
Pmjv
of the ' i SEPT. 29 .—Accounts reached town this morn.ing_
Ttmp ,te death of the Marquis of Ely, at Ely Lodge, eotpiq of
hana3h, on Friday evening last, after a very short illness.
-TV‘m Evening Iliad contains the following particulars:
ZP;ar.",,"'ils Lordship 'had but lately returned to Ely Lodge, and
ed to be in the enjoyment of more than his usual health
Lar.l.4;frit• On Thursday he experienced an attack of
of rh.,. cholera, and, notwithstanding the prompt attendance
Armh' e. MOSt eminent medical men in the neighbourhood, ex-
, t , .
the e 0 the inexpressible grief of his family and friends, in
„ ipttrse of the following day.
ireo,' the death of the Marquis of Ely, the Protestants
nof
tistetliit't have lost one of their most' distinguished ardent,
considermeinbers, the district in which he resided a kind and
°t la, ate landlord and country gentleman, and the country
at th gc a magistrate upon whom dependence could be placed
„Tehprsnt eventful crisis.
F•atl )fe Iteased nobleman enjoyed the title of Marquis and
then ~',, ''-iY, Viscount and Baron Loftus, of Loftus Hall, in
Lefti"ntY of Wexford, in the peerage of Ireland, and Baron
of t,', or Long L.ftus, in the county of York, in the peerage
ern Cuited-Kingdoin he was also a baronet. He Is
his',l7,,, the 15th of February, 1770, and was consequently n
kari:ill, Year : married on the 2d of :flay, 1810, to Anna
Ili, lordship
daughter of Sir Henry Watkm Dashwood, Hart.
i 4 irela'.,sh,l) was a Knight of St. Patrick, a Privy Councillor
coiell 11,,, Custos Rotuloriun of
the County of 'Wexford, and
Allis ?1 of the Wexfurd Militia.
0148 the
is succeeded in his title and estates by his
1814.,,'°'1, Lord Viscount Loftus, born the 19th of January,
The pi THE NEW COLLEGES.
:pi.are ani Dr. Healy, Roman Catholic Bishop of Kil-
nst he etglihn, has affixed his name to the declaration
' Ptelat,2 new colleges_, recently published. The signatures
',two "s. attached to that document now amount to nineteen
archbishops and seventeen bishops.
The , : JUDICIAL APPOINTMENTS.
ILENte-"teB`guation of Baron Pennefather was mentioned
ikarsit `rrtnusjudicial changes in contemplation. It :1)-
sit thi at there Was no foundation whatever for the rumours
lowitt:s4hiect. The Learned Baron has addressed the fol-
' e°4ltattnication to the Evening Mail :-
411
" Sept. 28, 1845.
edit,:tr°lll)ennefather begs to draw the attention of the
11)et„I• ' a Paracrraph in the Evening Mail of Friday last, re-
tie • —g. the 11, ° i • • - suggest to the editor
e 'neon . arou 8 resignation, and to . .
Riot venienee that may ensue from the publication ofsuch
$ ents, al
o°4 p_ together without foundation, so far at least a,
itz, linefat is conc-rned.
T° the editor of the _evening Mail."

REPEAL ASSOCIATION.
• s besieged by
dal).
Pli4e t all earl h the Conciliation-halla
Paitl,llt4of..°, admission, and at the hou
1.41ien., I business not a space rema
.at9on
i of the ladies,e
.8
x h i-
"es appropriated for the accommou ll is present,
entereaA
bite'eller„allY the case when Mr. O'Connell tinep.wpaouianaeteedafplredt.h the Ta -
'ormible array. At one. o'clock..th tthhee
strki ' the hall, and was received
4 ons of applause He then move
~,°4,_1(1 take the chair.
conferred
honour .
iln
loudest d i:n
6.11
apt CetintSM't returned thanks folidthtehatM
0111Fon hi„, _ . -
utkistes",estildtaasrasiieirreda theds-ocaniteeefionrgrePealing the
Ijar than lie was.--(Cheers.) Major (renLtildewnolann-
t tchoantsitdheerreed witasarei4niettoietlrsat
Healy,
tiliel
te
ali,eovNe-xtFi:ltatt loge,
tt ignatiatitueareidof hetl IVght.Retv„.,PwLittli tile
baker' of Eildare, be insrted on the m nu
had declared their
dame of the other eighteensprelaten who ,It was a
enteqN opposition to the Colleges Cheers. Bill.—i
highly venerated
pro!)inent they owed to that respected and
aces of opinion_
nighte' Re trusted that whatever Mere
n have hitherto subsisted, that after declarationthathan
Chettheteleen
the 1`
officially
having declared
that the contrarv, all their bishops o
arn, lurther difference of Opinion with respect
~
tea too, that
he n c"at 1/111 was danierous to faith and morals—there would
thst the public.--(llear, hear.) He trusted,
d contempt--
(erietrw,oald reject the Bill with scorn to thaotnßeiollfr
>b sere') The Learned Gentleman then
patriotic
gentle
lawn to make from that most estimabgreatlyleenhancedwas he had a c.o in-
flt „:,,titents of that letter. It containetl‘g
s to bee nrol the
a ol'e'rriTelnan of rank and fortune, mine
announced
nee
andd wast
klhesi,,,‘ et c'f the Association. —1 The letter ann
reatt",°l. kr Lloyd to the Repeal Association Linsey he
hater
i, cince the adh • Smith 0 &len nicate than
'ad More glesinotelligence to ce
anieetsi°ll of InoueMLloyd. Here they hadmamguaencn,
religi:und fortune, a Protekant, and strongly. art! g
in his con-
vittio spinciples coming forward and deFla
for Ireland,
ateale.mtaanhoisf
ar in that there 'was no hope, no salvation
He (Mr.
",,,, in
o of their native Legislatur •
no°:14e11) considered the accession of' this
acquainted
ttith, `.%. hose family he had the honour of hzin,,
ions
of the
glitter* sufficient answer to the miserable ffas
1 eion, he moved
that th.ekunlssioner of the Times. In conclusion, a.taeble gentle•
Lloyd, giving
hid
evs• secretary be directed to write to Mr.
repeal of the Le-
Nat, eery assurance that, in looking for a
no
ascendancy
Ith.T..v_ union, the Irish people aimed at
§eory.er; that they desired no sectarian or
politicaltheir sole ob-
Jet b,h'ir anY class of their fellow-countrymen,
country.
ttr. i g the regeneration of their common
!dr. Smith
O'llrie,, 9 CoxxEr.r., M.P., read a letter
_far.o.m
advau-
}lit: '‘),ll4..e,,ifteriet,nce taohfheal!)atvhiastToespptiemrtounni. ly
" of
expressing
tote
to he 3 of that
IllelliOarr.tY aPprobaltvio°n of take
a testimonialehrdejesuabtettedr.easAoas
Ma of whom Ireland had su
Perto4te!td, an ton, hom she was so deeplyelle
Ittillere
atieki'
eeev:rire religions deniaminamtimonemanodra
.eg
ti their
tdhias-t
t°,eqeir4ltill,„o-1114tuattetdr3'1::tha:nel,ehliytt'astvdeoepuliFthrtieghiatattotearffoefrdathpamrty
or
in politics
j4r.
,a character.
tht T4°411 O'Covi
hey Ne „,,,
.., rA, read the extraordinary i Neeiv ,:oniraissioner," in reply to
conduct of that
1111,4141:X1 it to be his duty to make theotnh,Sept.nr S 25,1845.
ner.tryrietlaertetearwfrhoioTti
ZhrSire-I have this rcoment"rileadrawthe Times of yesterday
,Naltill:tl,Pd unmanly remarks concerning ou that
' 44 are I‘rl and I do not lose one moment to telly
a liar alld a blackguard.
ant,
" aoh , I am, Sir, your obedient servFosTEß.
kr orL° Connell. Esq , M.P." "JOHN . the in-
rtino '-'°•NEtt clai -d
the privilege of moving
books
if tile of that specimemneof Engli=l politeness on thleadies in
the gasociation. He (Mr• O'Connell) saw soal him for
tenit„,Le.rY who see disposed to quarrel with Itolir"l°4 all for tied tranigression of an individums..,alva;
tphheise.
tali therefore
1,,r4,1r to the nlinerelysay t!!at..the blackg
i Would be well t° at there
Iterellraa aPPreoepriatliteissnt°annieer. They were aware thnt
uardism
fps;lN theTus classes of agents employed during elections,agera..
*Newest grade of these was called "gutter. n
later" b slt4est, then, that this " commissioner '
Times "—(Loud
t„reTtter),....eaarilli the " gutter aent of theeesa
ed sufficient in-t
p,.. ttlititii
ris_o_ %considered that he p
lib • eueet circulated.
.Thao _
should in
4 1:1
.hect sa"i'ciPrrh sto mve. this so rl9'
ugly.—(Cries f
wi., lied.,,N
~, at the Irish women were
!—(Laughter.) He
)11;1'11;14 4
reulill, how ugly they were
wish it ;
it he did nott
kt tbate,h°,lleld eveerre— l't
havneo'thee hdiapdplitnoetsslvof seeing such a sigh
thkr. Vmling to the ladies' gallerY).
1, Nan ""Ixtti, h
id
Monday he would
ts'tlrLrt,tl., d:einla,it'r.)eed.
rrtehtta tannoitin: dtich
neersryeeav,eeereaeldlaiargge sums of money, ant
tiit;ll pn tiefit'nd stag hunt a C
and
lothatrahee;ui
a t is
to attend a monster
ac c ehd ie
an
aga
rd aeyf
telatilliCastlebar°,4l lSeilldady hecommunication from Sligo
4,At:,rietenatlaintibio• a deemnonsterationathe.re uhnedeearraansdiedder.lant.ion.
th. . 0,e,,,._ r.of remittances having
.shed to dray.
4f4itttentro'n'iltL. again rose, and said
(ittnt3l; bUt hefOrtll.
the late repeal,
ssociation to the presletenttewpiosture of Irish
De,
~att,„ :._
by
so he would allude
noble exhibition of
clki.;tll, qui4,T_l:lpperary.
dlt wasana
tpt,i4tif.ail
titi)outaideenteetrernritaneeetzegne,
videhe would solemnly
hi ti load takentpwleictel:
th'ellsPs thouslashel on Thursday:last was the greattesn,.
Aea,-i Nita I)ngle exception of the Tara demens!ra to
c_
i, ise ro, e More delightful than the manner in whi hNthoe-
kh!l464ll gln;4,4ertred themselves, and. he
.did not believeeemtpheastean
aio into, as drunk by any individual who . .
trati °se multitude. (Cheers.) It was a political de
t,itsNl
)r°llr,heliasalanff)adetreFrni.natiiih.foert:t guidance and the
J 18(
lear hear, and
ikt4 tiot The
ringlish ptrressithadotaeunt—ed the Irish people
tq.te!at for °'
'taving wisdom or caution enough to legile
It 414 ,ti eniselves, but he would asked who governed
countytl.
1414 s thl'ellerarY in the late demonstration in that
.ne
in .tono, r own reason, their own judgment, their ont..
%rap'lip•Lild; and he, therefore, contended that the me...
of sufficient evidence of the caPtbl,
IF ietl ti Ile" PeePle to du t their own affairs. Ile le"
ti 14,1, 1,4 lat there vas con
•e Europe a people, save the
Ileloet?resa resat'" assethie ic4.3111h masses and at the same
!et,4kettiethator 'ei u'anquillity. n(llueae r, hear.) The Honourable.
;I:44t'ise- '4l thelen Proceeded at considerable length. toesois a..
,hroa4 vapius . contingencies which nilnlf,hetv!) EoiY..
41 tr W'a'r,llaaviiincig
aargutzleny
fro °them that the
z. Itlr_ oierraany one of his propositions,
.wouldadienpeevaidtaehb
.:,1:1,1. hays resrto.rieng the legis.l.ansievt:Hail
IA icy to..
,11 o3'll4it
(ii eolllii4,gandeNeiewed tthe. •31111 i
a its various altera-
that IllqifiCations--wnlitincllein:t one inement declared
aNth eekessi lea '', th- °° to Ireland had reached its limits," ancleagt
klitlv,ts,eol,
eo`tecceioncession should be acted upon in its broadest
ll regist u.ded by calling upon the
ehttien to 'rernig their votes--to place themselves in
la t.en...to etnra seventy repeal members at the next
people to p. a
hit0t.43:1,,r/iish iiPih,reser.ye tanqu'illity•—to put down ribbonism, and
to, -, is•ith t millions of signatures to petal()
Irkft q the repeal threethe union , signatures
the commence-
Niko! 11 11:1,1,eXt session. 11e00had himself preredthae
,•tiieli n:t. Ala"
z.which he entitled " An Act he better
.t„
, 'lli h, 1 ft tqe tY t° assemble a Parliament in Ireland
o'4 at th Prerogative of the Sovereign untouched, butto
torn ) at
esame tim
Pete e the i•-• e, preservthe Principle that I
At nt ,„ Vutg, Lords d CoCf Ireland, were
ta tne '''' Make ,an ommons
t 0114114 ttrii nationa to bind that kingdom.
44 the of the proceedings Mr. 0 CONNELL
~,.(445 , . rentlT____. the week to be 6001. 3s. Mi.
„ riAl NI i:),,
C 0,11,. °Wi • `-'iERs rg TIPPFRAILY —We have heard
Nti e tetgc.ircunitance from ahi lily .relpectable source,
teNilhcite•ll to rl eit our duty to la itgbefore the public as a
14 4 tatet.esta.Mled proprietors orYthose who may represent
heertioo •-"-A short time since some land became vacant
ZtjeWaseN!erty.hiscialutnitl), and, of course, a bidder fur its
Were
1,4 aocii 4, "Hamel ,3r in the market. The terms
3,6, ora naturals a fine of 500/ and 9/. 10s. er acre.
the IN fine y
co 1 • 9 -
could
11,,iti eitae
te: wouldbe
It ne li,dinng that th(.i man who
iatelyhad
l'itt lei 111.01411)1.jiV,and ultri)n% teelty tteltiteanttin,'lninaled-er got P°s-
.lte ''t
el• \e' --.'
gi(l he do a hi brought i not Only his own
Iste,e4)lo4, . 13' Man-jack of the net()hbou and a coin-
tom"it 414 ,
ewes forthse ith squat' re'
land! lt ap -
Dot, 4e bhitol fitie'vA sera e ' the
nen
),ii,cl to r rider heior. .
..1) up among all the squa
deed
I,i ° tno , ePreseot their
."
.1' oolesale man of business, was
1%, % tact .
~ieir interests and his own This he did
sati.eprto. OM once in possession h .e
the eck to
' 411 07Coattrideritindsp are
w i ' e possession•
of an
N1111,44.iti
,cirvo_e_
ttiti.
.psperc.y
eanasttihtvenlian.
---_ i
tt,s. Attlt,.,.
I4sthe,'" c„ clergyin nu, ,PEcuLA:roas —As not a
13q th4ClParlies, it en aPPear as directors in the lists of
4q, er,(i'lth ft posit . 1113' not be unimportant to inform
0 , it
,t,
is sot incurs great risk and responsibilit.
~talil3'otitheur`ati . 100, sec. 29, "Xo spiritual person
sad NyiltNage in tlcrfernlent,benetice, curacy, or lecturtrioe,444 tali illegally
r,,.1(:! or buy and sell again for profits"
Grit
iishel4l447:fence, 141 Ving maY be sus.pended for the first
e ellte deernea (eiepr!ved for the third. But no c0n-
't1at,,....4/ed iilt(,. Jl._ by
,reas.on on l person" R krjayin:. ' spiritual tradingor

THE MAGAZINES.
BLACK WOOD'S MAGAZINE.
We have in this number an impartial, able, and, we
way add, fascinating account of Montesquieu, one of the
must remarkable political and constitutional writers that
had done honour to France. Frenchmen are not esti-
mated in this country according to their merits. The
vulgar prejudice is against them. They are considered
by certain classes as superficial, vain, arrogant, and ad-
dicted to display rather than to the productions of works
useful to society. Never did national prejudice commit
such a grievous error. It would be difficult to point out
any other country in which men appeared so justly ce-
lebrated for great talent and original conceptions, whe-
ther as regards philosophy, history, mathematics, the
arts of war, or the arts of peace. If we except poetry,
Frenchmen have distinguished themselves in every path
frequented by civilised nations. Till Hume arose we
had no good history of England but that written by a
Frenchman. Descartes was long and justly the idol of
moral philosophers in every part of Europe, Montesquieu
has nu equal in his line. Ia chemical discoveries they
took the lead, and in the arts of war, the most difficult
perhaps that can occupy the human mind, the French
Marshals became models fur the study of men destined
to command armies. It is needless to recount their
names, In modern times they have still retained their
superiority. Laplace and others of the same school
have, it is true, followed in the path of Newton, but they
have made discoveries only eclipsed by his dirine genius.
Voltaire furnished the first idea of writing history so
as to make it useful, their preachers have furnished the
most perfect specimens of pulpit eloquence, their kings,
too, excelled in their peculiar art, and the Court of Louis
the XIV., was looked up to by European Sovereigns as
the best model for imitation. Eien during the awful
convtrisions of the Revolution, men of more than ordi-
nary ability were constantly appearing in the scene, till
by their combined energy, ability, andoriginality of plans
they had compelled every neighbouring State to admit
their superiority. We are, therefore, glad to find one
of the bright lights of that country made the subject of
an essay by a Tory periodical, and still more glad that
full justice is done to his merit. Indeed, the liberal and
sound views of that distinguished writer, seem to have
made a deep impression upon the hitherto bigoted fol-
lower of the old Tory leaders, who would give the people
no power whatever, but concentrate the whole govern-
ment of the country in the hands of the nobles and the
wealthy classes. In commenting on the remarks of
Montesquieu, respecting the division of the Roman
people into centuries by Servius Tullius to carry out the
representative system, the writer throws his old friends
entirely overboard, and proposes a scheme, which
neither Grey nor 13r )ughain had the courage to ad-
vance.
"In truth," says he, "it deserves consideration
by those who think on human affairs, and the probable
form of government which may be expected to prevail
in future among men, whether universal suffrage is the
real evil to be dreaded; and whether equality of suffrage
is not the real poison which destroys society. Abstractly
considered, there is much justice in the plea so con-
stantly advanced by the working-classes, that being
members of the community, and contributing to its sup-
port or opulence by their labour, they are entitled to a
certain voice in the direction of its affairs. If no one has '
a voice at all but the sovereign, as in a despotism, or
no one except a few magnates, as in an aristocracy, the
humbler classes cannot complain at least of inconsist-
ency, whatever they may of injustice, if they are ex-
cluded. But if a vast body of electors. as in Great
Britain, are admitted, and still the great bulk of the
working-classes are excluded, it is not easy to see on
what principle the exclusion of some can be rendered
consistent with the admission of others. It deserves
consideration whether the true principle would not be to
give every able-bodied working man, major and not re-
ceiving parochial relief, a vote, but a vote of much less
weight than his superiors in intelligence, property, or
station. This might be done either as the Romans did,
by making the votes be taken by centuries, and classing
all the votes of the poorer electors in a limited number
of centuries, or giving each man a personal vote, and
giving the holders of property, in addition, more !cites
for their property ; as one for every pound of direct
taxes paid."
This is a new feature in Maga, and leads us to be-
lieve that in a very short time it will become one of the
most liberal magazines of the day, and beat Regina in
political revolutions. North has left off for a time his
dissertations on English poets, and is better employed
possibly in rural amusements and exercises. These
specimens were not in his best style even at first, and
latterly became rather dull and uninteresting. We there-
fore do not regret the vacation. In the present number
there is the conclusion of another long subject " Mars-
ton, or the Memoirs of a Statesman," for which we look
forward to a good substitute. The biographical sketch
of Frank Abney Hastings is fall of interest, and we will
not spoil it by an abridgment. It furnishes a sad proof
of the tyrannical and rude conduct which unfortunately
distinguishes many of our naval commanders, and of the
fate of those whose spirit rebels against it. There are
some tolerable pieces of poetry in the number, from
which we select the following for its peculiar character.
The " Opium Eater," when tormented with the blue
devils, could not have written anything more gloomy:—

A MEDITATION.
Some hidden disappointment clings
To all of man—to all his • schemes,
And life has little fair it brings,
Save idle dreams.

The peace that may be ours to-day,
Scarce heed we, looking for the morrow;
The slighted moments steal away,
And then comes sorrow.

The light of promise that may glow
Where life shines fair in bud or bloom,
Ere fruit 'lath ripen'd forth to show,
Is quench'd iu gloom.
The rapture softest blush imparts,
Dies with the bloom that fades away,
And glory from the wave departs
At close of day.
Where we have garner'd up our hearts,
And fixed our earnest love and trust,
The very life-blood thence departs,
And all is dust.
Then, Nature, let us turn to thee;
For in thy countless changes thou
Still bearest immortality
Upon thy brow.
Thy seasons, in their endless round
Of sunshine, tempest, calm, or blight,
Yet leave thee like an empress crown'd
With jewels bright.
Thy very storms are life to thee,
'Tis but a sleep thy seeming death ;
We see thee wake in flower and tree
At spring's soft breath.
We view the ruin of our youth,
Decay's wan trace op all we cherish ;
But thou, in thine unfailing truth,
Canst never perish.

BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY.

This is an excellent Number of Bentley. There is not
a paper in it but what is considerably above the average
standard of usual magazine literature. Albert Smith
opens the number with the "Marchioness of Brinvilliers."
The present chapters describe most graphically the cir-
cumstances attending her flight from Paris after the
discovery of the caset of poison at the house of St.
Croix, and the pursuit after her by the officers of jus-
tice. The gaol chaplain continues his reminiscences,
and D. Canter gives us the seventh of his amusing" Out-
pourings." The present, from which we extract the fol-
lowing anecdote, relates almost solely to poor Power:—
" On entering the drawing-room in King-street one
morning, I found Power fighting the air furiously with the
poker. Dubious of his sanity, I paused on the threshold.
" Oh! come in,' cried he, laughing. ' Don't be afraid.
Pm only rehearsing.'
" Rehearsing?'
" ' Yes; a little part I expect to be called on to play in the
course of the morning. There's a fellow going about—some
reptile, belonging to a periodical just started, who's engaged
to write our biographies. He called on C— yesterday for
hush-money, and I have no doubt he'll be at me. If I find
he means to attempt my life, I mean to return the compli-
ment; so I'm just getting my hand in a little—ha! ha! ha!
That's alL'

"It appeared that C- was at breakfast when a stranger
was announced.

" Mr. C—,' said the latter, 'l'm engaged to write
your life in the forthcoming number of The —. Now,
there are two ways of doing this. I can either write you up,
or—'

" Or write me down, I suppose,' said C—.
"The stranger smiled, drew his chair closer, and whispered
something into C—'s ear.

" Good Heavens I' exclaimed C—, turning pale, ' you
wouldn't tell that ! If it got into print just now, I should be
ruined—l should never be allowed to appear on the London
boards again !'
" Now, C— was, is, and has always been, a highly re-
spectable man. But—.

"'Remo mortallurn omnibus horis sapit.'
There are passages in every man's life which, on the prin-
ciple of the three crows, may be represented to Lis prejudice.
The stranger's whisper referred to some youthful peccadillo,
venial enough is itself, but which C— saw, properly
vamped up and peppered, might ruin him in the present
state of public feeling, which, owing to circnmstances, hap-
pened, just at that precise period, to run strongly against the
stage and its professors.
" ' I've no wish to injure you, or hurt your feelings,' re-
sumed the stranger; but my duty to the public—'
" ' What's your price?' interrupted C—, who saw the
necessity of propitiating him. ' How much am Ito give you
to suppress it?'
" ' Two hundred pounds!' returned the other, encourAged
by C—'s fears.

" The amount startled It recalled him to his
better sc!f. He did now what he ought to have done
the moment he comprehended the motive of the man's visit
—ordered hint out of the house, and refused to give hint one
farthing.
mentioned the mat ter next morning to Sir Richard
Biniie, adding, I'd a great mind, Sir Richard, to have
kicked the rascal out.'
" Why didn't you?' exclaimed the indignant magistrate;
he'd have got no redress if he'd come to me.' "
It is to be hoped that, for the future, all those who may
be pestered by any of the money-extorting vermin, who
swarm like unclean things about the literary lower em-
pire, will follow the example of Power, and provide
themselves with a stout cudgel, and they may rely upon
it that there is not a magistrate on the bench who would
not, under similar circumstances, be ready to follow the
example of Sir Richard Birnie. The subject of gaming
is treated of historically in a papet entitled " Gaming,.
Gaming-houses, and Gamesters," which is replete with
anecdotes of celebrated gamesters and gaming-places.
The " Unfinished Picture" is a delightful reverie, by.
Charles Kenney, so delightful, that we hope Mr. Kenney

will soon dream again, and communicate the result to
Bentley. The remaining articles are all very amusing,
and as we commenced we conclude. This is an excellent
Number of Bentley.

THE NEW MONTHLY.
The present Number opens with a piquant sketch of
fashionable life, by Mrs. Gore, entitled " The Viscoun-
tess's Vision of the Royal Ball," and to this succeeds
" Lazy Corner," a translation from the Italian of Berni,
by Leigh Hunt. We are rejoiced to meet Leigh Hunt
once again, and to wander with him through the plea-
sant filds of Italian poesy. His introduction to the
poem, which is from the 67th canto of Berni's " Orlando
Inamarato," is an amusing piece of gossiping criticism,
and the translation itself is delightfully executed, pre-
serving and transferring all the delicacy and wit of the
original ‘‘ Mr. Jolly Green," who promises to be
a glorious specimen of verdancy, gives us the
commencement of his travels and opinions. It is
an excellent beginning, and Mr. Jolly Green is the
man of all others to support the second title of this
periodical, " The Humorist." " The Robertses on their
Travels," " The Privateer's Man," " The Lights and
Shades of a Gentleman on Half-pay," the " Sketch of
Lords Stowell and Eldon," and James's novel of
" Beauchamp," are all continued. Oxenford contributes
an admirable translation from Jean Paul, and Thomas
Roscoe and Andrew Winter give us some very fair
samples of Magazine poetry. From a most amusing
paper on " Oracles," by Angus B. Reach, we extract the
following description of the modern substitutes for the
ancient Pythoness of Delphi, and the old oak of
Dodonia :
" Oracles are generally plump, respectable-looking men—
rosy in the gills and glossy in the coat. They come into a
room as though they bad just purchased the street, and ad-
dress you as though they really condescended to take some
little interest in 3 our welfare, considering you, on the whole,
as rather an intelligent kind of animal. You may always
know when you an:, in the company of an oracle, by having
all your facts controverted, and all your theories either
sneered at or anticipated. The oracle allows uo knowledge
but in himself—and after having with portly air and awful
sternness, as though all this world's philosophy and
than the mere vulgar world's, lodged within him—assm"e,,
his claims to the veneration of the company, he smiles er',e"
placently, as though his mission in this world had been cm"
so far
accomplished."

FRASER'S MAGAZINE.
The political editor of Fraser is a most amusing per-
sonage. He varies his shape and character every month.
At one time he is a good old-fashioned Tory, as stern
and unalterable as Eldon and Wetherell—both defunct
as regards political affairs. He even surpasses New-
castle and Winchilsea, and can see nothing but ruin and
loss of character in every step taken by the Peel
Ministry. The poor old Tories then worship him as
one of the last of their idols ; but, unfortunately, on his
next appearance on the stage, he has assumed a totally
different character. He thinks there is some truth in
what is advanced by Russell, and Palmerston, and Ma..
' caulay, and speaks in loud strains on the beauties of
free trade, conciliation to Ireland, and the proper ma-
nagement of the affairs of the Church. Suddenly he
assumes a new shape, and seems to station himself on the
side of some highway in days when stage-coaches
existed, describes Peel as the driver, rages with bound-
less fury at his reckless driving, and tells every man he
meets that at the next turn the mad coachman will over-
set the vehicle, kill every man inside and outside, and
entirely ruin the concern. The coach, however, goes on
very steadily. No one is thrown out—the driver keeps
his seat comfortably, and drives away without any acci-
dent. A pause takes place—perhaps for a month; then
a new trick is played off, and the luckless, confiding
race, whose watchword is " Church and State," find
that they are the only parties who have been thrown
out. Peel and Fraser have alike done them. In the pre-
sent number the fact is placed beyond doubt. We have
heard of many apologies, but we never read one which
could be so very offensive to any class as the very last in
favour of Sir Robert Peel's measures must be to the
"remnants of the broken faction." In fact, it admits
that Peel has done everything that mortal man can do
for the safety of the country, and the old Tories are
earnestly entreated, therefore, to cling to him as their
only protector. Fraser, we believe, is right at last, for
they cannot help themselves. The result of his political
disquisitions is thus related:—
" Meanwhile our advice to all with whom an opinion ex-
pressed by us promises to have weight is this, not to suffer
passion or impulse to gain the mastery over them, but to be-
lieve that these is greater difficulty in managing the affairs
of this empire than fireside politicians are apt to imagine.
The Government which goes here and there, contrary to our
preconceived notions of that which is best, does not, there-
fore; deserve to be denounced as either treacherous or im-
becile. We may regret the errors which we fancy that we
detect, but we shall act both unwisey and uncharitably if
we attribute them to base intentions. What possible motive,
for example, except the desire to act for the best, can have
influence with such men as Sir Robert Peel, the Duke of
Wellington, Lord Aberdeen, and Mr. Goulburn ? They may
be deceived, for they are only human. They may mistake
the right line, and persist, as we think that they are now
doing in Ireland, to keep it too long after its results have be-
come manifest. But let us not forget, that to pass from one
line to another in politics is as difficult as it is to alter the
whole arrangement of a line of battle after the action has be-
gun. And seeing that the very first step aside from that on
which they are now moving must inevitably lead Ministers
into a course of stern coercion, no right-minded man will
blame them for exercis;ng great caution and forbearance ere
they take it.
" And now hoping that we have set ourselves right with
such of our friends as may have been inclined to charge us
with wavering in our opinions, we cannot conclude without
once more congratulating them on the flourishing state of
the country, both as regards the public treasury and the
general condition of individuals. Not for many years past
has the revenue been so productive, trade so brisk, and com-
forts so generally diffused throughout society. Surely we
may all rejoice in this; and surely such portion of the praise
as is due to man at all we may, without, sycophancy, award
to the statesmen who found us, in 1841, verging on national
bankrupcy, and by their excellent management have made
us what we are. And if, here and there, points be forced
upon us which we could wish to be different, let us bear with
them as well as we can, so long as forbearance shall be pos-
sible. No living man may hope in 1845 or 1847 to conduct
the Government as he might have done in 1815 or 1817.
What 1857 may bring to pass remains to be seen: but, for
the present, as Sir Robert Peel and his colleagues have with
some evil, effected much good for the country, we do not feel
disposed, in subserviency to any pressure from. without to
withdraw our confidence from them." ,

In the literary parts of the journal there is, as usual,
much to interest the reader. "Private Life of the
Romans," in continuation of a similar article in reference
to the Greeks, displays much research, and is enriched
with useful observations. Amidst all the high enco-
miums on Roman magnificence and patrician display,
however, it cannot fail to be observed that they knew
little of what we call comfort ; they were, as compared
with the men of the present day, only a superior race of
savages, and probably not surpassing the ancient Mexi-
cans or Peruvians either in their taste or in the manner
in which they gratified themselves with festive luxuries.
They had no carpets, no tablecloths—we doubt much if
they knew the use of linen shirts. The following de-
scription, which is given on the authority of Becker,
will justify these remarks:—

" The fitting up of the table scarcely corresponded with
the luxuries piled upon it. The Romans had no word for
table-cloth in the language. Even Augustus could not please
the eye of Virgil with a beautiful pattern in damask. The
interposition of a purple duster between the various pauses
of the repast, afforded a very poor substitute. In fact, the
linen department seem to have been supplied on the same
principle that regulates an establishment at Stockwell or
Chelsea—every guest brought his own napkin ; and why not
his fork and silver spoon ? The absence of knives was simply
owing to taste—they bad them ; but only the carver thought
it worth while to employ them. In the mode of serving a
dinner we notice one peculiarity that might be imitated with
advantage; the dishes were not brought in singly, but a
complete course was placed on the table in trays, which were
frequently remarkable for the splendour and costliness of the
workmanship and materials.
The sweet-smelling saw-dust, swept by a palm-twig
bosom, is nevertheless :very pleasantly replaced among our-
selves by the soft and yielding Turkey carpet. The rush-
floor of our magnificent nobles in the sixteenth century will
be recollected. The same mixture of squalor and luxury may
be traced in the Roman manner of lighting. The use of the
oil lamp was universal, and every grace of invention was ex-
hausted to shape and decorate the lamp, at the same moment
that the" ascending vapour was defacing the beauty of the
ceinng. The simnle and obvious precaution of "glass
cylinders to consume the smoke," seems never to have oc-•
curred to a Roman upholder. They were made of bronze,
marble, gold, silver, and terracotta. "As the orifice for
pouring in the oil was small, special, boat-like vessels infundi-
bulo, having in front a small hole only, were used. Instru-
ments were also used for snuffing the wicks, and were
fastened by a chain to the lamp; small pincers for raising
the wick have also been found at Pompeii in great numbers.
When a figure stood upon the lamp, it sometimes held this
nstrument by a chain in its hand.'

DOLMAN'S MAGAZINE.
There are certain parties who imagine that they have
been readers of history in their youth, but discover, in
mature age, that it.hey have not only been egregiously
deceived in assuming that to be authentic which they
have read, but that its most important passages are pre-
cisely those which they have since fbrgotten. They
then endeavour to console themselves, under the un-
pleasant conviction to which they are reluctantly brcught,
by finding mares' nests, in the shape of events which
they suppose the most eminent historians to have over-
looked, or the most intelligent readers to have put some
false construction upon, if they have been recorded. It
is always amusing to observe the high value they put
upon their " waifs and estrays" of history, where they
consider them to be discoveries ; or the grave com-
placency with which they dwell upon the erroneous im-
pressions they pronounce all the rest of the world to
have entertained of the bearing of facts that are- on all
hands admitted. The writer of a paper called the
" Stuarts in Exile," with which the present number of
Dolman opens, comes within this class of readers of
history. There is as much oblivion of some facts as
there is misconstruction of others, in the following so-
phisticated attempt to palliate the treason committed by
the most imbecile of the Stuarts to the constitution he
had sworn to respect:—
" With the name of James the Second, Catholicism and
arbitrary power are, in the minds of a great majority of per-
sons, superficially acquainted with the facts of English
history, inseparably connected: and nevertheless, the worst
crime which can be laid to his charge is, that in the exer-
cise of a prerogative which he believed himself to possess, and
of which the legal limits ha I in fact never been authoritatively
defined, he attempted to carry out certain great principles of
civil and religious liberty, whereof in our own more en-
lightened times all parties have recognised the justice and
wisdom. The alleged designs of James to subvert the Es-
tablished Church, and reinstate Catholicism in its stead, were
simply ttintamatint to the enactments of the Catholic Relief

Bill, which, a century and a half later, conferred equality of
social rights upon a long proscribed and persecuted portion of
the general community.'
This special pleading has not even the defence of
novelty. It has been urged and argued by the personal
friends and servants of the last of the Stuarts, from
Pepys and Evelyn to the Jesuit pamphleteers of our own
times. It is only necessary to supply one omission in
this plea to rebut and extinguish it. The vindictive dis-
position exercised by James, in 1687, in dismissing the
judges for refusing to recognise the " dispensing power"
he had assumed in 1686, cannot, at any rate, be softened
down to " an attempt to carry out certain great principles
of civil and religious liberty." The royal mandate, too,
for the induction of a Popish priest into the mastership
of a Protestant college in a Protestant university, was
something very like an overt act to justify and corrobo-
rate the " alleged designs" of the same infatuated King
" to subvert the Established Church and reinstate Roman
Catholicism in its stead." The narrative portion of this
paper has singular merits. It is highly wrought, well
sustained, and gives us graphic portraits of the im-
moveable insensibility of George 1., and the sanguinary
brutality of the " butcher of Culloden," the Duke of
Cumberland, as of the unhappy James 11., and the Old
and the Young Pretenders... Darby Duff, the Madman,"
is continued and concluded—a tale full of horrors, but of
thrilling interest The three stanzas, entitled " Ave
Maria," have certainly never been equalled for their un-
mitigated " namby-pamby" and no meaning since the
" verses" ascribed by Pope's waggery to "A person of
quality." An "Analysis of Wit from /Esop to Punch"
is drawn in this number to a close ;—a spirited and smart
affair, worthy of the subject. Here is a fine, fresh, gush-
ing pastoral by the Rev. J. Fitzgerald, quite an accept-
able supplement to the very late instalments of fine
weather, which, with all thankfulness, we have to ac-
knowledge at the commencement of October :
THE SONG OF THE SEASONS.

RING
I breathe of the zepSPhyr, so.
fresh and so cold,'
And the crocus and primrose are shining in gold,
My skies full of sunshine, with bl.ie-coloured wing,
With dew-drops are sprinkled, my rivulets sing,
All hail to thy glories, beautiful Spring!
This is my lay,
Huzza! Huzza!

SI73IIIIER.
My glory is felt when the daylight awakes,
O'er valleys, hills, rivers, and beautiful lakes ;
Then my zone flower-woven is gemmed with dew,
While the roof of my temple is Heaven's own blue,
With the diamonds of midnight shining tbro'.
This is my ay,
Huzza! Huzza!

-- -
AUTUMN.
Hark ! hither I come, thro' wave, thro' air,
O'er drooping boughs, with their
golden hair,
To the song of the vintage and lay of the lute,
Now dances the corn, now blushes the fruit,
While valleys are vocal and cataracts shoot.
This is my lay,
Huzza !

WINTER.
I come with a spirit untouched by care,
Tho' Time and his breezes have thinned my hair;
Hearty, tho' cold, my vigour unbroke,
Like the time-honour'd boughs of my own old oak !
Thus Winter exclaitn'd, and he sigh'd as he spoke.
This is my lay,
Huzza! Huzza!
"The Countess Clemence" (by the e litor of Dolman's
Magazine) is continued through several chapter& " Re-
vival of Christian Art in Germany" is a renewed at-
tempt (on the folly of which we have already expressed
a strong opinion) to exalt the school and the- produc-
tions of the Van Eycks and the Durers—the Giottos
and the Peruginos— above the school of Raffaelle espe-
cially, on the notable principle that the sublime artist of
Urbino has imparted too much of the material beauty
of form and refined elegance of sentiment of the best
ages of classical antiquity to his representations, not
alone of the Apostles and Martyrs, but of the Divine
Founder of the Christian faith and His sainted mother.
Tho hard Umbrian school of the Middle Ages, and the
fresco revivers of modern Germany, are to supplant in
our veneration and respect as Christian men it seems,
the glorious "Materialism"—say, rather, the intellectual
inspiration of the Bolognese, or the Florentine and the
Venetian schools, since the Pontificates of Alexander
VI. and Pius 111., Julius IL and Leo X. We are to
look coldly on the Titians, and the Guidos, and the
Guercenos;—but we are to sing Te Deem for the
triumphs of a hundred "unkempt" Germans, who, since
Frederic Overbeck " first crossed the mountains" (like
another Hannibal) in 1809, and has since been followed
by Cornelius and Schadr,w, Schnorr, Vogel, Eggers,
and all the rest of the " Teutonic school" (God help
us!), whose disciples are to displace from their thrones
those incomparable masters of the art to whom the
civilised portion of the human family has rendered, and
continues to pay, the willing homage of its respect, and
admiration, and gratitude!--" Risum teneatis?"

TAIT'S MAGAZINE.
The English Opium-Eater has an article on the
" Temperance 'Movement of Modern Times," and no
man could treat the subject better. He writes from
experience. Ile suffered grievously from the excessive
use of opium, and finally conquered a habit which he
feared had become inveterate and uncontrollable ;—his
advice therefore to those threatened with backsliding
in the temperance movement. The instructions are
classed under nine different heads. In one of them he
says: —" I counsel the patient not to make the mistake
of supposing that his amendment will necessarily pro-
ceed continuously, or by equal increments ; because
this, which is a common notion, will certainly lead to
dangerous disappointments. How frequently I have
heard people encouraging a self-reformer by such lan-
language as this When you have got over the
fourth day of abstinence, which suppose to be Sunday,
then Monday will find you a trifle better ; Tuesday
better still,—though still it should be only by a
trifle; and so on. You may, at least, rely on never
going back ; you may assure yourself of having seen
the worst ; and the positive improvements, if trifles
separately, must soon gather into a sensible magni-
tude.' This may be true in a case of short standing ;
but. as a general rule, it. is perilously delu•ive. On the
contrary, the line of progress, if exhibited in a geome-
trical construction, would describe an ascending path
upon the whole, but with frequent retrocession into
descending curves, which, compared with the point
of ascent that had been previously gained and
so vexatiously. interrupted, would sometimes seem
deeper than the original point of starting. This
mortifying tendency I can report from experi-
ences many times repeated with regard to opium."
We recommend the entire treatise, however, to the
wavering disciples of Father Mathew. The critique on
Nelson's Dispatches is well written, and possesses in-
terest. We may make the same remark on "Monastic
Studies, Jests, and Eccentricities ;" but the best article
in the number is on the " Present State of Politics," from
which we give the subjoined extract. Speaking of Sir
Robert Peel, the writer says :
"His strength, now, is derived from two sources;
—the
one is the opinion, in his favour, of a large and enlightened
section of the public. This favour has been won by the evi-
dence which his conduct has afforded, as well of skill, as of a
regard to the governing spirit and increasing enlightenment
of the times in which we live. The other source of his
strength is the weakness of all other parties, and all other
partymen. Many have been the occasions during the two
last years, when, if the Whigs had not been utterly destroyed
in popular estimation, Sir Robert Peel would have been ex-
eluded from his office. had the Whigs, in the year 1837,
magnanimously resigned, because unable to carry
.out their
views of what the necessities of the nation required, they
would have regained much of the reputation they had for-
feited, and would now have been able to appeal to a favours-
ble people for their suffrages. But, as they chose to cling to
power while a shred of it remained, each day saw their wan-
ing consideration grow less, till the bright luminary of 1832
became extinct in 1841; and many are the revolutions and
changes, and long the time that must pass, before any section
of the Liberal party have acquired power and consideration
sufficient to enable them to seize upon the government of the
country. The Tory party, in the meanwhile, are divided,
weakened, and without any leader of ability to head them.
Were Sir Robert ("eel to resign or be ousted to-morrow, one
month's Parliamentary campaign would utterly embroil all
parties, and every attempt to organise a stable administration
would prove 'abortive. The affairs of the country would in-
deed go on, by means of their inherent force and energy; but
all real advance would be seriously delayed, and the utmost
good that we could expect or hope would be, that no positive
calamity would occur ;—a fearful risk, when we consider wheat
is the condition of the world abroad, and that the peace of
Europe and the world may at any moment be seriously en-
dangered by the death of the King of the French, an old
though a 'Vigorous man. These considerations contribute
largely to the maintenance of Sir Robert Peel's influence.
We do not believe, indeed, that he can be ousted by any com-
bination of Tory forces ; and, as we have already said, no
Whig administration is at this moment possible. Yet we can
well understand that many circumstances might occur to
place him in a minority; and thus, perhaps, induce him to
resign. A scramble would follow, honourable to no
party,
and by- no means beneficial to the public. Any retrograde
course cannot safely beadopted.lf Sir Robert Peel, in the vei7
flush of victory, and with a large and obedient majority at his
command, found Tory rule impossible, we need not fear any
permanent establishment of such a dominion. Rash men
anyfoolklye onan
ctihleearpnechpolew wise and pru-
dent but they will
theirqmnalynkalyttedmispnotvteorfi
dent was the course of their wary predecessor. But this
mischief may be preventecny a steady adherence on thepart
of Sir Robert. Peel to one set of principles and one line of
conduct. If his faith in the support of the enlightened public,
and reliance on their strength, should increase, it may be
x sticoh own
hoped and expected that his course will become more uniform
and steady; that a wavering and somewhat tortuous direc-
tion will no longer detract from its merit, and render his
tenure of office precarious.At the present moment be is, in fact,
without a party; he is Minister solely by necessity; and
this necessity be may strengthen by separating himself from
all mere party ties, and by guiding himself entirely by those
great principles of civil, religious, and commercial liberty,
which from time to time he broadly enunciates, but which,
unfortunately, he seldom consistently follows. He cannot,
indeed, nor can any man, rule this country,
without con-
stantly and sedulously watching the conflicting opinions and
interests which pervade every part of our system. Something,
doubtless, must in most ca.ies be yielded to compromise; but
such compromise ought ndt to assume the character of con-
tradictory principles. No man who really desires to govern
this country, for its good, and with its own enlightened con-
sent, can safely hazard the contradiction involved in the pass-
ing of the Irish Colleges Bill, and the rejection of Mr. Ruther-
furd's proposed measure. The repetition of such a proceeding
would gravely compromise the power of any minister, no
matter how firmly established, and must shake to its centre a
power resting on foundations so unstable as those of the pre-
sent Administration. What is really needed by Sir Robert
Peel is a generous confidence in popular enlightenment. We
sincerely hope experience is giving him this absolutely ne-
cessary quality fora really great statesman."

The Cruiser 16, Commander Fanshawe, sailed from singa-
Fore on the lith of July, for g cm*.

BELGIUM.
BRUSSELS, SEPT. 28.—The most interesting event in
the celebration of the anniversary of the Belgian revo-
lution was the public distribution of prizes to those
pupils who had distinguished themselves in the univer-
sity and general concursus. The ceremony, which took
place in the so-called Temple of the A ugustinians, was at-
tended by the King, the Queen, the Duke of Brabant, se-
veral Ministers of State and other high functionaries, and
by a great number of the most respectable residents
in this city. The introductory discourse was delivered
by M Van de Weyer, the Minister of the Interior, who
set forth the advantages of the concursus, eulogised the
strict impartiality of the distinguish d persons who had
to decide on the relative merits of each student, and
indirectly but locibly condemned all attempts to excite
suspicions of the purity of motive and unbiassed judg-
ment of the jury of examiners. " Rest well con-
vinced, my young friends," said his Excellency, ad-
dressing the pupils, " that in order to attain a high de-
gree of morality yourselves, it is strictly necessary to
have faith in the morality of others. Consult history,
and you will discover that nothing great has ever been
produced by mistrust, which only discloses an im-
poverishment and decay of mind." The part of M. Van
de Weyer's speech referred to a portion of the Catholic
party, which persists in throwing suspicion on the insti-
tution, as well as on the acts of the jury of examiners,
who are appointed by the Legislature. The conclu-
sion of his speech was as follows:—" It was a happy
idea, on the part of the patriotic Minister who first
conceived the project of this concursus, to fix the
day on which the laureates should receive the reward
of their labours amongst the anniversary days of our
national independence. His impression, no doubt,
was that the enthusiam inspired into the hearts of the
young by the conquest of our free institutions should
be accompanied by the solemn conviction that know-
ledge can alone secure their maintenance, that there is
no true liberty save an enlightened one, and that the
greater the number of our acquired rights the more
numerous aso are our duties towards our beloved
country. For our parts, gentlemen, we shall endeavour
to accomplish our task. Already has his Majesty, in
his lively anxiety to forward the interests of studious
youth, opened a new career for the active intelligence
of the laureates, for the disinterested cultivation of
science, for the sake of science, and for the national
formation of the university corps, by the organisa-
tion of the institution of aggregate professors. The Go-
vernment, moreover, by the re- establishment of the per.
manent inspection of scholastic institutions, will be en-
abled to unite all the elements of a good law on secon-
dary education. May I be allowed to express my sin-
cere satisfaction at being called upon as a Minister to
carry out measures which as a professor I should have
gratefully applauded, at a time when the approaches
to the higher branches of instruction presented al-
most insuperable difficulties ? These reminiscences of
past days press the more vividly now before me,
standing as I am in the presence of the learned per-
sons here assembled, amongst whom I have the happi-
ness to meet again with professors who were once, and
who are still my colleagues."
M. Van de Weyer's speech was received in a manner
which, for a select Belgian assembly, may be termed
enthusiastic.

After an annual report had been read, the laureates
received their prizes from the hands of the Minister of
the Interior, and were presented by him to their Majes-
ties, who graciously complimented them on their success.
An affecting episode (so to write) in the regular
proceedings of the day .must not be suffered to
pass unnoticed. The pupil who obtained the first
prize in rhetoric (written and oral) was Charles
Petit, of the College of Mons. His composi-
tions, which set forth the natural glory of Bel-
gium in the persons of its warriors, poets, piose
writers, and artists, was read to the assembly, and
greeted with considerable applause. The general secre-
tary of the Minister of the Interior then arose and read
a Ministerial report to the King, in which the long ser-
vices of the professor of rhetoric at the College of Mons
were referred to in warm terms of praise, and in which
also his Majesty was respectfully recommended by the
Minister of the Interior to nominate the professor in
question a Chevalier of the Order of Leopold. The
reading of this document was followed by that
of a royal decree, conferring the order alluded
to. It is time now to state that this re-
spected professor was M. Petit, the father of the
young laureate above-named. Thus did one day and
one public ceremony witness the well-deserved triumph
of father and son, of professor and pupil. It must be
mentioned also that M. Petit, sen., through an honourable
and nice (perhaps over nice) feeling of delicacy would
not allow his son to compete with his fellow-students for
the special prizes of the college of Mons. The recent
opportunity, however, of gaining distinction was a na-
tional one, from which no pupil could be excluded, and
at which only real merit could hope to be recognised.
The Honourable Professor was presented to their Ma-
jesties by M. Van de Weyer, amidst general applause.

THE MINES of LAKE SUPERIOR.

_
(From the New York Tribune.)
From the south shore of Lake Superior, about half
way of its great length, stretches some fifty miles north-
ward a broad and rugged promontory, terminating in
Keevvenaw (or Keewenon) Point, near lat. 48 deg., or
almost in the centre of the lake. On the west
shore of this promontory, and not far from the Point,
is Copper Harbour, around which is the most ap-
proved mineral region of Lake Superior, stretching
westward some . thirty or forty miles to the river
Ontonagon, the only considerable or navigable
stream in that quarter. This is not, of course, the full
extent of the mineral region ; for the great Copper
Rock itself was brought from a place much farther in-
land, on a branch of the Ontonagon, and promising veins
of ore are known to exist a hundred miles back from
the lake, on the summits of the Porcupine Mountains.
Silver is said to have been found in good veins near the
banks of the Ontonagon, some 30 to 50 miles inland
(where the stream, having taken its last pitch, begins to
be navigable) ; while even gold is said to have been
found on a location considerably east of Keeweuaw
Point.
All these, however, are matters on whieh our infor-
mation is imperfect, while our faith in some of them is
moderate. That there is silver in this region, is intrin-
sically probable and sustained by much concurrent tes-
timony ; that it has yet been found in such quantities
and positions as to justify and reward the outlay required
to mine it, we do not know. The gold report reaches
us still more vaguely. Another season will probably
solve many doubts.
Rich as are the copper ores of many localities, it is
the safe presumption that all profitable milling for them
must for some time be confined to a narrow section bor-
dering the lake or approached by some of its bays and
inlets. This metal is too bulky in proportion to
its value to warrant a very extensive land trans-
portation in the crude form of the ore, while the
process of smelting it is so costly, tedious and
difficult, that we do not know where it is now
performed in this country. We understand that smelting
works are now in progress of erection near Boston,
at Pittsburgh, Pa., and on the Hudson near this
city, the last with more immediate reference to the
copper product of Cuba. Hitherto most of the copper
ores mined in this country have been smelted
in England. We trust this is now near its end.
The difficulties of milling copper, at any considerable
distance south of Lake Superior, can hardly be appre-
ciated by those not familiar with the country. The sur-
face is remarkably rugged and broken, often rising
steeply into hills from the very waters of the lake, with
higher hills close behind them, and so, interspersed
with swamps and morasses, back to the mountains
which part the tributaries of the Superior from
those of the Mississippi. The aspect is so
bleak (the latitude that of Quebec), and the soil so
sterile, that a settlement of it for any other than
mining purposes is out of the question. The miners of
the interior must make their own roads, where making
them is no holiday matter, and must purchase all their
forage, as well as provisions, in a region where the price
of neither can be low. In due time, if the mineral re-
gion of Superior half justifies the sanguine expectations
it has awakened, there will be good roads and railroads
to all the richest developments. At present, those con-
siderably inland, if merely of copper, must generally
remain undisturbed, though shingled with permits, ex-
plorations, discoveries, leases, scrips, and sundries.
The mines now being worked are within a mile of the
lake, where its coast is thickly dotted with harbours.
The shore is so bold and the harbours so sheltered that
vessels laden with provisions, implements, &c., have
safely run up within a few feet of the lani, put out a
' plank and rolled their barrels and packages on to the
dry ground, while the streams all around (the Ontona-
gon alone excepted) so utterly forbid the idea of navi-
gation that not even a bark canoe can be forced up their
rocky and precipitous beds a hundred yards from the
lake, if at all. The timber on the coast is all pitch-pine,
white cedar, &c., but a mile inland generally commences
the hard-wood, consisting of sugar maple, &c. This
region is not heavily timbered.
We hear that one small propeller steam-boat has
already been launched on the lake, and another (the
Julia Palmer) will soon be. This will bring the mining
region practically a week nearer the world, for the voy-
age from the Sault St. Marie to Copper Harbour (some
200 miles) is generally a tedious one in the small sail
vessels of Superior, against the habitual westerly winds
of that region. Though averaged at four or five days,
it has quite often taken treble five—its uncertainty being
a part of the mischief. Hereafter it will be made in
some twenty-four hours, or two days at farthest.
EXECUTION AT GENOA.

Went to the mole, wishing to see what preparations
had been made for the execution, but was refused ad-
mittance at the gates. I then took a boat and went on
board the Emulous, an English schooner, lying near the
mole, and at a short distance from the gallows. About
noon the two criminals arrived on foot, escorted by a
procession of officers of justice, monks, and others,
with a banner, crucifix, &c. The gallows was very
low, and had no drop nor stage, but a strong wide ladder
was placed against the cross-beam. The execu-
tioner was a tall, powerful man, very well and
neatly dressed, with his hair nicely arranged, appearing
somewhat like a respectable servant in half livery. He
mounted the ladder first, and one of the criminals, ap-
parently without any compulsion, followed behind him,
dressed in shabby, dirty clothes, with no eap or other
covering for his head or face. Ills arms were closely
pinioned to his side. When the executioner had at-
tached the halter, previously placed round the criminal's
neck, to the hook, with a sudden thrust, he pushed him
off the ladder, and supporting himself by the beam, he
stood on the neck and shoulders of his victim, jumping,
stamping, and bending the head sideways as much as
possible, while one or two assistants below pulled forci-
bly at his legs. The wretched man appeared to be quite
dead in less than half a minute.
The execution of the second criminal, who was treated
in the same manner, was a still more horrid spectacle,
for he was dragged up the ladder, step by step, by main
force, by the executioner and his men ; and his terror
must have be:n increased, if possible, by seeing the
ghastly corpse of his companion dangling above him.
In another minute he was himself a corpse hanging by
his side. A handsome well-fed priest then mounted the
ladder, and made a short address to the spectators,
exhorting them (as I was informed, for I was at too
great a distance to hear his words) to take warning by
the fate of the criminals. Not more than 200 or 300
persons were admitted on the mole. The greater part of
the spectators were in boats, or in the vessels in the bar-
baur, and among them all I could not see more than
about twenty as omen, who were chiefly quite of the
lower orders. The assembly behaved quietly, but showed
great indifference, and even levity.
The bodies of the criminals remained on the gallows
till half-past five in the afternoon. and the spot was
visited by thousands, the mole being open to the public
as usual. They were natives of Savona. They had
been notoriously bad characters, and one of them had
been a thief from the age of five years, at which time
he was in the habit of cutting off the leaden weights
from the fishermen's nets when they were spread out to
dry on the shore. The crime for which they suffered
was a murder of the worst description. 'They had gone
to the house of a priest in Genoa, and finding from the
servant that her master was out, and would not return
for some time, they murdered her by strangling her
with their own hands; after which they had brutally
disfigured the body. They had then plundered the
house of some plate and other articles of value. They
both made a confession of their guilt.
This method of executing criminals, though really
quite as humane as that adopted in England, and perhaps
more so, appears very barbarous and uncivilised, and
the spectacle is rendered infinitely more horrid by the
. protruded
face being exposed. The rolling
.eyes, the
tongue, the features, purple and distorted in the death
agony of strangulation, and with that hideous
expression upon them becoming gradually fixed
and rigid, form a spectacle, the horrors of
which can neither be described by those who have wit-
nessed it, nor conceived by those who have not. But
the advocates for capital punishments and public execu-
tions say that the example is useful in deterring others
from committing crime. If so, the Genoese are more
rational than the English, because, viithout increasing
the sufferings of the criminal, they make that example
as effective and horrible as possible. And the. ad•
dress of the priest, standing' on the ladder by the side of
the scarcely lifeless bodies, and spealcing to an assembly,f
every individual of which, however. deprave?,
a short time at least, be in a serious mood, must,miht be
made, if well managed, a very solemn and_ mp.rgessive
part of this dreadful ceremony.—(From an Eye Witness.).