The Sun.
London, England, 1844-10-07 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING OCTOBER 7, 1844.

selves. " For my own part," says he, " I really
believe that had that party and sectarian feeling pro-
ceeded in the same power and virulence it has done
for the last twelve or fourteen years, it must have
exercised a barharising influence upon public senti-
ments and public manners. There are some amongst
us now, I know, who believe that the period has
arrived when a great effort must be made to emanci-
pate the country from the degrading thraldom of fac-
tion ; to terminate, if possible, that extreme, that
sectarian, and limited view in which all human con-
duct is examined, observed, and criticised; to put an
end to exclusiveness, which, in its peculiar sphere, is
equally deleterious as that aristocratical exclusiveness
of manners which has produced so much evil ; and, as
far as I can form an opinion, these views have met with
sympathy from every part of the counntry." These
sentiments were received with loud applause, and they
well deserved it. Coming from any public man, they
must have been gladly and gratefully received ; but
coming from a gentleman who sits in the House of
Commons immediately behind Sir R. Peel, they must
have been received with special wonder and delight:
Among those present who most cordially hailed
the utterance of these liberal and enlightened senti-
ments, was the Member for Stockport. Mr. Cobden's
observations had an immediate reference to the liberal
character of the Institution, whose interests they
were all assembled to promote, but they were meant
to have a universal application. "He could not,"
says the report of Mr. Cobden's speech, "help con-
gratulating himself, while Mr. D'lsraeli was speak-
ing, that with Lord John Manners on the one side,
and Mr. Smythe on the other, the imputation of party
must be an absolute contradiction. He thanked them
for coming among them, and producing so admirable
a result as they had witnessed that night. And now
taking that vantage ground—having the fullest reli-
ance upon the cordial support of every party, sect,
and class, in the community, he would ask what might
not the Athenaeum become under such favourable aus-
pices ?" Lord J. Manners referred, with an exulting
spirit, to the auspicious absence of party feeling which
characterised their assembling together. "In these
days," says that Noble Lord, "of political rancour,
and class and party distinctions, it is gratifying to
any one who remembers that the name of English-
man should be one of prouder import, and bear a
more quickening spell, than that of Whig or Tory,
to find a field whereon politicians of all opinions may
meet without quarrelling, and, better still, with a
good hope that the result of the meeting may be af-
fording increased means of mental amusement and
recreation to the laborious tradesman and toiling
apprentice." We trust we are not over sanguine in
believing that a new and happier era is about to dawn
on this country. We think we can clearly discern
the proximate advent of a period when the greatest
and best of our public men will bury their political
partisanship and personal jealousies in the dust; and
shall strive together as to who shall contribute most
largely to the improvement of the moral and social
condition of their countrymen. That were a noble
rivalry. That were an emulation worthy the dignity
of our nature. Were the feeling but universal, and
we rejoice to say it is rapidly extending, it would, in
a very little time, convert a world which is full of
crime and misery, into one of the purest virtue and
most exalted bliss.

Lord John Manners, on the sports and pastimes of the
people. The publication of that pamphlet drew an
interest to the subject which it had never before
been able to secure. This interest has fortunately
gone on increasing. We have parks proposed and
planned for Manchester—we have the Prime Minis-
ter of England, with that princely munificence by
which his every private act is distinguished, sending
down his 1,0001. subscription towards the expenses
of a work that is practically to increase the innocent
enjoyments of the poor artisan. All this is pleasant
to think on. We pray sincerely it may be only at
its beginning, and that its noble and high-minded
originator may have hereafter to congratulate him-
self on the restoration of some of that manly
sentiment of respectful affection and confidence be-
tween different orders of society, which was always
characteristic of the honest minds of old England.

(From the Morning Herald.)
A meeting took place at Manchester, on Thursday,
graced by the presence of several of the " new
generation," the reporting of which meeting shows
that there is nothing so unimportant as to escape the
vigilant caterers for public information. It was, to
be sure, declared by one of the lions on the occasion
—Mr. h. Smythe, of Canterbury, called by a con-
temporary at the very nadir of bathos, "the chival-
rous Smythe"—that " that meeting will be memora-
ble when civilisation shall be one hour from its
zenith ;" yet we fear the mischievous will add the
ill-natured commentary of Porson—" but not till
then." The meeting was held for a very excellent
purpose, and the founders and supporters of the
Manchester Athenaeum are entitled to all praise.
But of what importance upon earth is it to the rest of
the empire to know that Mr. D'lsraeli went down to
Manchester to tell the people there the history of
what they themselves had done—a history with
which they were, of course, much better acquainted
than Mr. D'lsraeli could possibly be ? " You have
founded a news-room," and " you have founded
a lecture-room," were facts both important and
creditable to the locality in which they were stated ;
and if the facts were not recorded with a parade which
makes them ridiculous, they might serve as examples
to other places. But when the meeting is exhibited
as an important " sign of the times" (that portent
which is always most easily discovered when the
seeker is the least intelligent), or is compared modestly
with the invention of printing, the beneficial effect is
infinitely lessened. Mr. D'lsraeli may have seen
" Ily-ssus' silvery springs," and may have the most
vivid recollection of the sunset on that occasion. He
may be also aware that Mr. Cobden gazed delight-
fully on the land where Penelope wove her web of
yore, yet the relation of these facts, however it may
serve for a sign of character, we scarcely can call " a
sign of the times." But Mr. D'lsraeli enunciated
some rare maxims, and one of these was, that " it is
the duty of every citizen in a free community
to be acquainted with the opinions he has
formed." We hope it is a duty which " Young
England" has not failed to perform ; for if their
" opinions" (as we presume their phantasies
are designated) can be reduced to a compre-
hensible system, the sooner some one of the frater-
nity, remembering the fate of the theories of the late
reverend and ingenious Edward Irving, promulgates
their politics in a known tongue, the more advan-
tageous will it be to their prosperity. The allusions
of the guests of the people of Manchester to that very
ancient desideratum, which " Young England "
chooses to call one of its discoveries; viz., facilities
for the amusement of the working classes, could not
have been made in a more appropiate place. The
games and sports in which " Young England " places
—and to some extent justly—great confidence as a
political medicine, are certainly least known in
manufacturing districts. The anti-experience legis-
lators, however, mistake the concomitants of a certain
state of society for its essence; and because highly-
coloured tradition tells us of a happy peasantry under
the regime of priestcraft, would saddle us again with
the " corporations of bachelors." The amicability
with which " Young England" sighs for an over-
throw of party spirit is highly commendable,
but how are they carrying it out ? Albeit that
to honest party spirit, the pure attachment of up-
right minds to the principles which they admired, we
owe most of all that is valuable in the British Consti-
tution—nay, the preservation of that Constitution
itself ; yet it were indeed lamentable if much neutral
ground did not exist upon which distinctions of party
could be forgotten. This fusion, however, is not
to be accomplished by the system of Messrs. Smythe
and D'lsraeli, viz., flattering on all occasions the dis-
tinctive tenets or characteristics of a party, and as
invariably voting against it. On this conduct we had
some time since the following lamentation from the
League :
It is with grief we add that the name of this
powerful advocate for the extension of commerce (Mr.
Smythe) was found in the list of the monopolist ma-
jority that rejected Mr. Villiers's motion, and that the
same list contains the name of the author of " Co-
ningsby," to whose eloquent denunciations of commer-
cial restriction we recently directed the attention of our
readers. This is a sad anomaly."
Now we think it rather a wholesome anomaly. If
a man perpetually says one thing and perpetually
does another, it requires no great quantity of algebra
to discover the value of his principle or his common
sense ; and with such facts before the world, the
mouthing of " Young England," even at a gala soirée
at Manchester, is as harmless as the pipes of the Stre-
phons, with whom one of its young members would
corer the grass-grown ruins of that important town.
_ _

(From the Morning Post-.)
With feelings of rare and unqualified delight we
bespeak the attention of all our readers to the report
we this day publish of the magnificent meeting held
on Thursday, at the Manchester Athenmum. We
publish an elaborate report of the proceedings ; for
we conceive them to be interesting in the most ele-
vated sense of the term. They present a grand and
consoling indication of that better feeling, with re-
gard to the social and domestic condition of the work-
ing people, which, within a comparatively recent
period, has made its influences felt in quarters the
most widely separated on most points of taste and
opinion. And amid the many uncheering charac-
teristics of the times, it is no light comfort to find at
least one symptom giving ground for hope that all may
yet be well with England. Truly it was a noble spec-
tacle to see Lord J. Manners—the young and generous
representative of England's most exalted aristocracy
—standing amongst the honest workpeople and their
wealthy employers, in consultation upon the mode of
making all classes better pleased with each other—
better qualified to be virtuous, useful, happy, and
loyal subjects of the mighty empire whereof their
little island home is the mistress and arbitress. When
we further mention the name of the chivalrous
Smythe—of D'lsraeli, the champion of the essential
principle of monarchic rule—of Cobden, and Gibson,
and Brotherton, advocates of the violent doctrines of
political Liberalism, we sufficiently intimate how en-
tirely absent was everything partaking of vulgar
party combination. Rejoicing, as we do, that the
rich manufacturer in our large towns is at length ac-
knowledging the claims of the poor to some portion
o f!c are for their health and comfort--heartily re-
joicing that the amusements and relaxations of the
people are attracting some share of attention, as an
important element in the constitution of a happy
and healthy body politic—we cannot help re-
verting, with gratitude and satisfaction, to that
which has been the main promoter of this move-
ment for amelioration, in what may be called the
domestic politics of the nation. No very long time
has elapsed since we gave our cordial support to
the recommendations contained in a pamphlet by

are ordered to assemble at nine o'clock. The Mayor
and Corporation will also present an address to his
Majesty, suitable to the occasion.---Hampshire Te-
legraph.
FoßTamourll, Oct 6.—The Caiman, French war-
steamer, arrived here this morning with dispatches from
his Majesty to the Queen, and to his Excellency Count
St. Aulaire, the French Ambassador. The Caiman also
brought a portion of his Majesty's equipage, and was
hauled alongside the dockyard to land it. Seven of the
King's horses formed part of the freight ; they were
landed at the dockyard, and will be conveyed, with their
attendant grooms, to-morrow morning by railway to
Farnborough, and thence to proceed to Windsor.
In the afternoon the steamer left the harbour on her
return to France, where she is to join the squadron
which is to accompany his Majesty to England. As
soon as she had passed the Parade-battery she fired a
salute, which was returned by her Majesty's ship the
St. Vincent, at Spithead.
His Excellency Count St. Aulaire sent down a special
messenger on Friday to engage apartments fur himself
and suite, as it is his intention to be here to await the
arrival of his Sovereign. Apartments have been selected
at the Railway Hotel, which are ordered to be in readi-
ness this evening ; it is therefore expected that his Ex-
cellency or a portion of his suite will arrive to-night.
It is now generally understood that his Majesty will
I embark on board the Comer, at Treport, on Monday,
and arrive here on Tuesday morning, accompanied by a
squadron of steamers, which, as well as the Comer, will
take up their moorings in the harbour. His Majesty
will land at the Royal Clarence Victualling-yard, where
he will be received by his Grace the Duke of 'Welling-
ton, the Lord Lieutenant of the county ; his Excellency
Count St. Aulaire, the French Ambassador, the Lords
Commissioners of the Admiralty, Admiral Sir Charles
Rowley, the Naval Commander-in-Chief at this port ;
Major-General Sir Hercules Pakenham, the Lieutcnant-
Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the district ;
Rear-Admiral Parker, the Admiral Superintendent,
with their respective staffs, naval and military ; and by
the Mayor of Portsmouth, and other municipal authori-
ties. It is also anticipated that his Royal Highness
Prince Albert will meet his Majesty upon lauding.
From the Clarence-yard his Majesty will proceed at
once to the railway terminus, where a special train will
be in readiness to convey him and his suite to the Farn-
borough station, whence they will be conveyed to Wind-
sor in the royal carriages.
Every preparation is being made to receive the King
with becoming eclat. The squadron already assembled
at Spithead to salute him consists of two line-of-battle
ships, and eight sloops of war, namely, the St. Vincent,
120, with the flag of the Commander-in-Chief ; Queen,
110 ; Cruiser, 16 ; Flying Fish, 15 ; Osprey, 12 ;
Daring, 12 ; Mutine, 12 ; Espeigle, 12 ; Pantaloon, ;
and Water iritch, 8. Several of the vessels belonging
to the Royal Yacht Squadron, among which is that of
the Commodore (the Earl of Yarborough), the Kestrel,
have also assembled at this port, to wait the arrival of
his Majesty.
The troops of the garrison are ordered to be under
arms at nine o'clock, and are to line the road from the
Clarence-yard to the railway terminus in the following
order :—The 47th Regiment, the Royal Marines, the
59th Regiment, the 76th Regiment. The guard of honour
which is to receive his Majesty the King of the French,
upon his landing at the Royal Clarence-yard, will con-
sist of the Grenadier Companies of the 47th, 59th, and
76th Regiments, under the command of Major Gordon.
A guard of honour will also be stationed at the railway
terminus, to receive his Majesty on his arrival there.
The Mayor and Corporation of Portsmouth aro pre-
paring a suitable address, to be presented to his Majesty
on his reaching this country, in the event of the applica-
tion which has been forwarded to the King through the
French Ambassador, to know if his Majesty will be
disposed to receive the same, being answered in the
affirmative.

Whilst his Majesty is paying his visit to the Queen at
Windsor Castle, the officers of his squadren will not be
neglected here, but will be invited to a series of enter-
tainments to be given by the naval and military officers
at the port and by the inhabitants of the borough. On
Tuesday, the day of their arrival, they will be invited to
dine with the Commander-in-Chief, Admiral Sir Charles
Rowley. On subsequent days they will be entertained
at dinner by the Lieutenant-Governor, Major-General
Sir Hercules Pakenham. A ball and supper, to be given
by the naval officers in commission, and for which pre-
parations on a magnificent scale are being made, is to
take place at the Royal Naval College, iu the dock-yard.
Intelligence has been received here this afternoon,
which places it beyond a doubt that his Royal Highness
Prince Albert will come to receive the King of the
French on his arrival.

DEATH OF THE REV. ROBERT

TAYLOR.
This eccentric and extraordinary man died about a
month since at Tours, to which place he retired some
years since, and where he practised as a surgeon, to
which profession he was originally bred.
Robert Taylor was the son of a respectable ironmon-
ger of that name, who resided many years in Fenchurch-
street, amassed a fortune, and retired upon it to Enfield.
To his favourite son, Robert, he gave a first-rate educa-
tion. He (Robert) was sent to St. John's, Cambridge,
where he took his dec,rees, and was esteemed au admir-
able scholar. He took holy orders, and became Curate
of llidhurst, Kent (qy. Sussex). It was at a christening
that he first expressed his dissent to the doctrines of the
Established Church, and subsequently, literally breaking
into infidelism in the pulpit, ho was stripped of his
gown.
He came to London and associated with Carlile, a
man far beneath Taylor in intellect, and not to be named
with him in attainment. Mr. Taylor took the Roll's-
rooms, in Chancery-lane ; from thence he proceeded to
the aul's Head, Cateaton-street, then to Founder's-
hall, Lothbury ; at all which places he lectured (or
preached, as Carlile termed it) his favourite doctrine.
He also visited several provincial towns. At Leeds he
was confronted by Mr. Calvert, a clever actor, then in
Mr. Cummins's company. Calvert, who was a ripe
scholar, detected Taylor's false quotations from the
Latin ecclesiastical writers. This induced the Doctor to
beat a retreat.

Taylor returned to town, was a constant visitor at
Lunt 's Coffee-house, Clerkenvvell-green, where he asso-
ciated with Gale Jones, Wenman, and other well-known
characters of the day. He was also seen at Smith's,
High Ilolborn, near Great Turnstile; and at the Globe,
Fleet-street. In the summer his favourite resort was
Temple-gardens, where he distributed his tracts, and
sought disciples.
The Doctor's followers at length purchased for him
Dr. Bengo Collier's Chapel, in Cannon-street, City.
This place Taylor christened the Areopagus. Here he
ran riot, and at the instigation of Alderman Brown, now
Chamberlain, then Lord Mayor, was prosecuted, and
committed to the Compter. There Carhie brought Miss
Richards (better known as Mrs. Dorey, of Barber and
Fletcher3celebrity) to him as a visitor. The Doctor
fell, or feigned to fall, desperately in love with the lady,
and gave her a promise of marriage; but they were
doomed to part, for Taylor having been tried and con-
victed of blasphemy, was sentenced to two years' impri-
sonment.
On the expiration of his sentence, he returned to his
old lodgings at Mr. Russell's (a law-stationer, in Carey-
street, Chancery-lane), and there, we believe, he met a
lady somewhat stricken in years, who subsequently be-
came Mrs. Taylor. This wedding, of course, roused the
ire of Miss Richards, who commenced an action for a
breach of promise of marriage, and recovered 2502
damages, to avoid the payment of which Mr. Taylor
and his bride departed for Tours. Though some dis-
parity of years existed between Mr. and Mrs. Taylor,
they lived very happily. He renounced his errors, and
returned to the doctrines of the Established Church.
Robert Taylor was born in 1792 ; he was, consequently,
either near his 52d or in his 53d year. About eighteen
years since a bitter article against him, written by a
well-known dramatist, appeared in a popular weekly
newspaper. Taylor threatened an action for libel, but
wisely abstained from carrying his throat into execution.
Mr. Taylor was a man of great acquirements, but
erratic. He was generous, nay, profuse, in his nature.

irought J9s; dr. Hughes's ewes, three-years
30s. ; and Dr. Colahan's two-years-old eves 435.
" There is a large supply of hogget rams of a very
beautiful quality, and almost monster dimensions, but
as yet no sales of any consequence have been effected,
gentlemen anxious to become possessed of first-rate
tups being busily engaged in the selection of other
descriptions of stock. Mr. Rait has a prime ram,
which he expects will bring close on 30 guineas. It
is a cross of the Leicester and the old Irish, crossed
again by the Cotswold.
Already several horses, some of them thorough-
bred weight-carrying hunters, and animals well
adapted for military chargers, have been exhibited
through town, and, as a demand is expected, the prices
will, in all probability, rate high. It is said that an
agent of the King of the French is in Ballinasloe, and
has been located in the neighbourhood since Monday,
intending to pick up any good young horses sub-
mitted for sale, and the contractors for supplying the
cavalry stationed in Ireland with chargers have also
arrived. Well-matched carriage horses will be looked ,
after largely, an English jobber being here to make
purchases of that nature.
" The nobility, gentry, and landholders of Con-
naught, assembled at the Ballinasloe fair, and all in-
terested in the prosperity of this province, are to
hold a meeting on Monday, at Gills Hotel, on the
subject of railway communication being extended to
the remote districts of Galway and Mayo, the advan-
tages of which are now so self-apparent. Lord Cle-
ments has expressed his intention of presiding on the
occasion."
QUEEN'S BENCH.—REVOLTING CASE.
On Thursday a case of a singular character was
brought before Judge Burton, at his private residence
in Stephen's•green. Mr. J. A. Curran appeared as
counsel, Mr. Fitzgerald as attorney, for a respectable
man named Esmonde. Mr. Martyn and Mr. Lodge
attended as counsel and attorney for a person named
Joseph Millikin, an electrotype gilder, who it appears
lived in Mary-street.
The facts of the case, according to the statement
of the counsel for Mr. Esmonde, were these :—To-
wards the close of the year 1843, Bridget Anne
Esmonde, the daughter of Mr. Currant's client, was
seduced by Joseph Millikin, and induced to leave her
family ; an altercation is alleged to have taken phtce
between Bridget Esmonde and her family, in conse-
quence of their desire to prevail upon her to return to
her home. She summoned them before Mr. Duffy,
of Henry-street Police-office, on Friday last; and her
father and sisters, finding that a good opportunity to
recover possession of her, endeavoured to force her
home. A scene then ensued which baffles all descrip-
tion. Mr. Duffy was interrupted in the progress of
his magisterial duties by the most terrific screams
emanating from Miss Esmonde's sisters, father, and
brother, all of whom were engaged in the attempt to
compel her to accompany them home, in which they
were strenuously resisted by Joseph Millikin. Mr.
Duffy said he would afford every facility to Mr. Es-
monde to recover his long lost daughter, and the re-
sult was, that she was prevailed upon to go home.
Since that occasion Joseph Millikin made an appli-
cation to Judge Burton for a habeas corpus, to be
served on Mr. Esmonde, requiring him to produce his
daughter, alleging as his reason for seeking the writ
that she was treated cruelly by him ; and on Thurs-
day Mr. Curran, with Mr. Fitzgerald, attended
before his Lordship, as already stated, to make a
return to the writ. His Lordship desired Mr. Fitz-
gerald to make a return, which he accordingly did,
declaring that Miss Esmonde was not in the posses-
sion of her father at the time when the writ was
served upon him, nor had she since been so. Mr.
Martyn produced an affidavit sworn by his client, set-
ting forth that Miss Esmonde was confined in a peni-
tentiary in Marlborough-street—that she was starved,
and otherwise badly treated. Mr. Curran, in reply,
said that the institution to which Mr. Martyn referred
was under the control and guidance of the Roman
Catholic clergy of Marlborough-street Chapel, and
that the treatment received by females who sought
refuge within its walls was kind and benevolent in
the extreme. Mr. Esmonde said that his daughter had
been detained by force from him, in order that he
might not be able to procure the facts from her ne-
cessary to sustain an action for seduction again -t
Millikin. Judge Burton said that Mr. Curran should
produce an affidavit verifying the truth of the return
made to the writ of habaes corpus, and he would ad-
journ the case to Saturday next in chamber), when
he expected Miss Esmonde would appear, and enable
him fully to investigate the facts. It would seem
that Miss Esmonde was of full age, and it might turn
out to be a case in which he could not interfere, but
for which the law in another way provided a remedy.
The application for a habeas corpus on the part of an
alleged seducer to get back from her father the person
who he had led from virtue, and induced to abscond
from his house, was very novel, and one in acting
upon which required from him the exercise of great
caution ; on the other hand, if the institution adverted
to was one in which the girl enjoyed her freedom and
was her own mistress, he could not see what impedi-
ment was in her way to enable her to appear before
him and state her own case. His Lordship then an
nounced that he would sit in chamber on Saturday
to hear the case, and the parties withdrew.
On Saturday Mr. Justice Burton sat in chamber.
At four o'clock the case of Millikin and Esmonde
was called, and Miss Esmonde was produced. After
hearing counsel on both sides,

EXPERIMENTS IN THE MARSHES.—WOOLWICH,
OCT. s.—Colonel Paterson, Lieutenant-Colonel Dansey.
C. 8., and Lieutenant-Colonel Chalmer, Assistant
Director-General of the Royal Artillery, attended in the
marshes yesterday afternoon to witness various experi-
ments. The first were carried on by firing at a shield
placed in a butt at a range of 200 yards, the intention of
the inventor of the shield, which was composed of alter-
nate bars of iron and wood, was to ascertain if it would
prove a defence if applied on the same principle to pro-
tect steam-vessels when fired at. The shield was only
three feet long, by two feet ten inches broad, and ten
inches :deep, according to its curved form. The bars
of iron were three inches broad, and three-quarters of
inch thick. Five out of the ten rounds fired at the
shield struck, and went through, breaking the lower part
into minute fragments. The same inventor, Captain
Addison, then submitted a plan for heating shot to a red
heat, by placing sixty 12-pounders into a square cast
metal furnace, nearly similar in appearance to a stove.
The shots were admitted six each, at ten different entries,
five above each other, and, after the furnace was heated,
which occupied an hour and three-quarters in the first
instance, the heat became so great that the shot were
heated red hot in twenty minutes, and afterwards in less
than a quarter of an hour. The invention appears far
superior to the rough grating hitherto used, and it does
not consume much fuel. It appears to be formed in
such a manner:that in the time of peace it would answer
the purpose admirably:of heating store or barrack-rooms,
and only requires some modification to regulate the
draught according to the state of the wind, to render it
highly useful for many purposes. Experiments were
also carried on by firing two 24-pounder guns on heavy
carriages, and two 24-pounders on ship carriages, to test
the .strength of Alderton's platform. Seventy rounds
have now been fired out of the 100 intended for each gun,
and the platform still remains in good condition.
HER MAJESTY'S VISIT TO THE CITY.—It iS gene-
rally supposed that the 23d instant will be the day on
which her Majesty will visit the City, on the occasion of
opening the Royal Exchange. The number of persona
to be invited to dinner will not exceed 1,300. The viandr,,
wines, plate, seats, &c., are to be done by contract,. and
t
tenders have been sent out to six of theasmccorstatinernginei
the
houses in the City for the prposo of
is to be cold. Accord-
amount per head. The collation
arrangements, it is intended that her
Accord-
ing the present
t
the works ; the por• is impossible
lions left unfinished wi ,
11 therefore, be covered with
shoutldo
fiennisehr aetvethrye
pwaerstt-oefnd of the building. It
erliainjessotnycloth. As the time is too short for the statue of
her M;jesty to be finished, it is arranged that the model
shall be fixed up for the occasion, and it is now undergoing
a process of enamelling, to make it appear like marble.
The large commemoration medal, to be presented to her
Majesty, the Royal Family, and others, will not be ready,
but the smaller silver medal, of the size of half-a-crown,
is already finished, and will be given to the company who

Mr. Justice Burton decided that as Miss Estnonde
was of age, she was free to go whore the pleased, and
could not be controlled.

After a most affecting advice from Judge Burton,
who shed tears, Miss Esmonde consented to go back
to the house of her father.

Mr. Martyn and Mr. Lodge emphatically denied
that they were counsel and agent for Millikin, having,
been retained by Miss Esmonde.
LANDLORD AND TENANT COMMISSION.
The inquiry was held in Kilkenny yesterday. The
Commissioners in attendance were Sir R. Fergusson,
Messrs. John Wynn, Redington, and Hamilton.
MR. O'CONNELL IN DERRYNANE.

The Kerry Examiner contains the following:—
" The Liberator, though received with enthusiasm
everywhere on his route from Dublin, could not have
been more warmly or cordially welcomed than on
his entrance, and all through his native mountains,
to Derrynane Abbey. The roads were thronged
with joyous human beings. He sojourned for two
days at Hillgrove, the hospitable mansion of his
relative and agent, John Primrose, Esq., with his se:el
John and lady, and the two sons of his friend,u
a
m of I
Right Hon. David Pigot, where a large number
ned. On
the neighbouring gentry were also e
Monday morning he left, with
to
the e
Abbey. Within his splendid loack of
beagles, and hunted on his way
several miles of this lovely spot ho was met by tens of
thousands of the people, shouting their joyous wel-
come
to their liberator and martyr. Here the moun-
tains were literally alive with human beings : the
people from the shores of Berehaven and Bantry Bay I
came in yachts and boats, accompanied by lands, to
hail their liberator at his own door, returned from' an
unjust imprisonment, but, blessed be God, in the best
health and spirits."
THE LATE ILLUMINATIONS.
Sergeant Maher, of the 62d Regiment, attached to
the recruiting party stationed here, and who, our
readers will recollect, was charged with having his
lodgings illuminated on the occasion of Mr. O'Con-
nell's liberation, has received orders to join the regi-
mental depot at Chatham.—Carlow Sentinel (Tory
paper).

- An investigation has been ordered by the magis-
trates of Philipstown district, into the conduct of

Sullivan,

clerk of vettv imions in Plailinstown,

gluing his windows on the September,
...-......
9th
ofa
IRELAND.
ii
aiutioil.ten.of rejoicing for Mr. O'Connell's release f'
ILLNESS OF LADY HEYTESBU U.
DUBLIN, OM 5.-Lady Heytesbury, w r reg 4,et i prison. Mr. Sullivan is a Protestant, and' was one of
to say, is in a most dangerous state. Theo med ical 1 several Protestants who illuminated of) the occasios•
)
attendants have scarcely a hope that she can , sur vive -Lei aster L,s (Tory paper .
the attack, symptoms of dropsy having appe: %red. [At PORTOBELLO
.--
GARDENS BALLOON'
_
two o'clock on Saturday the answer to int) (nixie& at ASCENT.
the Vice-regal lodge was, "Her Excellency i a worse." , The ascent of Mr. Hampton, the mronaut, in his
Lord Heytesbury, Lord Eliot, and the of her rela- , monster balloon," which is little inferior in size t'
fives of her Excellency are in the deepest aftli effon. the " great Nassau " itself, took place on F'day,
from the Portobello Gardens. took_
Ham tonl.l di:-
BALLINASLOE FAIR.
•
The great annual sheep and cattle fair comma enced scended en the grounds of M. Callaghan, L A
yesterday. On Friday there vvas an advance in sheep tare House, a few minutes before five o'clock and'
of from 3s. to 4s. on the prices of last year. Ai other( arrived, with his balloon, at the Portobello Gardens,.
account represents the advance as ,19. or 6s. per head. at half-past six o'clock, accompanied by some friendft,
adVan: e was who followed him in vehicles.
Wool was much inquired for, but .1.11
demanded !-- ____ _ . . .
"At an early hour considerable quanCties of sheep THE WEST INDIES. • .
were driven into Oarbally-park, but not, h•owes vr, to (From the Jamaica Morning Journal, Sept. 9.)
the extent of the number exhibited for sate a.: the i The present mail will convey to our distant reacler
tic i a ttlligence that the Jamaica House of Assembly has
fair of last di-solved. -tha, new
.writs have been issued for it
year, Ewes seeme to be more in ,ieriland
than others, and buyers, especiaDv from hainster b •
,from general election. The dissolution took
of place on A*
and Ulster, were readily found at an advance9tith of August.
3s. to ss. per head over the prices of last year. _ , The NA esther throughout the island is repr Vali as
" Mr. Pat. Taaffe's top lot of evres,,,Prought„ • 218 1
, A fitvourable, and the prospects of large crops general.
have been informed, very advanced pricea. His 'A '"" •' The parishes to leeward are said to be I lc' oo Log remark-
.
ders were sold as high as 9/. 12s. 6d. The pric ss 4 abl3_.
well.
given for ewes varied from 1/. 7s. to 21. 4-s•-"'btu' l Coolie immigration, it is thought, will not be favour-
latter sum was for very heavy stock. Two yea,"oi 1
.i ably regarded by the new House of Assembly, nor en-
wedders fetched, according to the condition aiNi 1 couraged to the extent which parties in the mother
quality, from 30s. to 50s. country seem to desire. The proposition for a loan wilt
of course not be ne . • - • '
cessary, it the views of members
" Mr. John Fahey, of Loughrea, sold four" mixed , , 61,ore,as they . are expected to do, adverse to the new
lots of maiden ewes and wedders for 31s. 6d. 4.. .`t". l' ; •ation scheme.. To African immigration there
Walter Bourke, of Dumacreena, for mixed ewes and "‘"th" .1,, •
ix exist an 3 strong objections It is likely there.
wedders, and Mr. O'Flaherty, of Lisadowna, obtained "foes • 'Untie. - - '
ov,e, to
..cei..
345. for ewes, which was an increase of from 4s. to the le an‘-1 remains healthy and perfectly quiet. and
ss. over last year for the same description of stock. peaceful.
Mr. Charles Blake, of Tuam, sold a lot of ewes for KiaccsTow, SElvi% 3. - The Royal Mail Company's
305., such as were with no inconsiderable share of steam-packet Trent, with the mail of the Ist of August.
difficulty disposed of last October for 255.; and he appeared in the offing on Saturday evening, but could
obtained for a better quality 325. Mr. Burke's, of not reach Port Royal, on account of the dangerous :situ-
Clegg, ewes fetched 325. 6d. Mr. Dennis got 435. ation of the keys. She therefore anchored outside, o.nd
for some fine wedders, and 30s. for two and three- passing round that place, reached her moorings off its
years-old ewes. Mr. Kelly, of Kelly's-uroee sold to •wharfearly
company's
0 , EXECUTION OF THOMAS BROWN FOR
Mr. Hopkins 200 two and three-years-old ewes for 31s. MURDER.
Gd., and far a beautiful lot of ewe hoggets 463. Mr. (From the Cornwall Chronicle.)
Robert Fair ' disposed
of 240 three-years-old ewes at The above-named criminal, who, it will be recollected.
335. Gd.; 200 three-years-old wedders at 485.; and was convicted at the last July Cornwall Assizes for the
100 of an inferior quality, fed on light land, at 455• murder of James Miller, of St. Elizabeth, was executed
Mr. Thomas Fair's good- lot of three-years-old ewes on Tuesday last, the 27th instant (August). The gal-
br lit 2r 'M: F - - - v.‘4l ' .he gaol- ,rd. Th

lows was erects. , in the gaol-ya. .e necessary ar-
rangements having been completed, the prisoner was led
from his cell at seventeen minutes past eleven o'clock.
On cirriving at the scaffold, the Rev. Mr. Macintyre and
the prisoner knelt at the foot of the ladder. At the
conclusion the prisoner stood firmly up and locked
around him for a moment, putting one foot on tire lad-
der to ascend ; but seeing Mr. Delisser on his riglri, he
said, +4 Ale Massa Delisser, shake me han' now.' lir.
Delisser cordially shook hands. He next turned to the
Rev. Docfoi; who also warmly shook the prisoner's
hands. Other persons attached/ to the gaol, who bad
ministered to the prisoner's wants while there, weaned
also to attract his Attention. The ceremonies ended, he
ascended the ladder, Sting which he said, " I don't de-
serve what lis to suffer—l don't deserve it—l will die
like a man—l hope God will give me the spirit." The.
assistant of the executioner, after the prisoner had gainecP
the platform, ascended to pinion his arms, on which he'.
said, " Massa, me don't want die m.'sn here." The
man descended ; and this arrangement!! having been:
accomplished by the executioner himself, he said, "
want to speak one word before lam done. irearry me,.
massa," addressing himself to the rector, who fold him
;
that that gentleman (pointing to Mr. Delisser) would
tell him when to speak ; and Mr. Delisser shortly after
said, " Now, Thomas Brown, say what you have to
say." He replied, " Tel dem witness dat prove against
me dat I forgive dem freely from my heart ; I hope list
massa (meaning God) will forgive dem." Ile pausee,
and then added, "I hope my Lord Jesus will forgirie
dem too. And now me bredderin, onoo all good bye?
The rector, fearing lest he should become excited, then
said to him in a soothing tone, " Remember what I said'
to you." He replied, " Yes, massa, I have nothing
more to say," and became calm and collected. The cap
and rope having been completely adjusted, the rector
commenced to read the funeral servizte, daring which, at
the words, " Suffer us not, at our last; moment,, for any
pains of death to fall from thee," &c., the yope by which
the drop was fastened was cut ; it fell down with a loud
clap, and the wretched man, after a few brief' shudders
and weak struggles, seemed to enter into eternity with
little visible suffering. It was one of the most impr.lSSiv•
and orderly conducted executions we have ever wit-
aessed in this country.

FEARTUL COLLISION ON THE CROYDON RAILWAY,
-(li Tlikat PARTICULARS.)—Saturday morning, at
half-past twelve o'clock, a monster train, divided into two
Nits for the convenience of conveying passengers to the
ilricklayers' Arms and the London terminus, left Croy-
don with about seven hundred persons. The London
passengers took their places first, and the train started
off, followed in a few minutes by those for the Brick-
layers' Arms terminus. The train for London reached
the Annerly station about twenty minutes before one,
where, unfortunately, the lamp at the tail of the train
went out fin: want of oil. This circumstance not being
observed by the conductor, the train went on, followed
immediately by the second one, when, in less than a
minute after, the collision took place, attended with an
awful crash. The greater part of the passengers were
asleep in both trains, having been spending the day at
Croydon fair, and were returning at a late hour much
fatigued. They were awoke out of their slumbers in the
greatest consternation. On the stopping of the trains lamps
were procured, when it was discovered that one of the car-
riages had been forced oft" the line and much damaged. A
tirst-class carriage in the London train was much broken-
the panels being smashed, together with the windows-
:Die last carriage was broken into splinters. The in-
jured persons, between thirty-tive and forty in number,
were speedily released from their painful and embarrass-
mg situation, and proceeded to the Annerly Arms'
public-house, where they remained:upwards of an hour,
during which the trains were put in order. Many of the
sufferers, both male and female, presented severe contu-
sions of the head, arms, and body, and two females
were severely cut on the temple and eye, another bad
her skull fractured, and was put to bed and attended ist
a surgeon. Many of the sufferers presented black eyee
and bleeding faces. Some lost their hats, and others
their bonnets, shawls, and reticules, during the darkness
and confusion. Tho trains ultimately reached this
Bricklayers' Arms and London-bridge stations at three
&clock, with those who had received slight injuries, and
thus ended their trip to Croydon fair. The directors:
have expressed their readiness to make good the loss and
damage of property, and surgeons' bills, created by this
unfortunate event.

SINGULAR OCCURRENCE.-01)0 night during the
present week a barrel containing yeast was deposited at
the Hertford station of the Eastern Counties Railway.
Being in a high state of fermentation, the cask burst,
and it was forced against the roof with so much violence,
all to occasion considerable darnage.—liertford County
Press.

THE MERSEY YACHT CLUB.—This highly promis-
ing club has obtained leave to prefix the word " Royal"
to the club, and its title will henceforth be " The Royal
Mersey Yacht Club." The Honorary Secretary of the
Club has received letters from Sir Robert Peel, the Earl
of Wilton, the Marquis of Anglesea, and other noble-
men, consenting to become honorary members of the
club ; and also a notification from Sir J. Barrow, Secre-
tary to the Admiralty, granting permisalon for the ves-
sels to carry the blue ensign of her Majesty's fleet, with
the distinguishing marks of the club, which it is believed
will be a Liver and Crown in the fly of the ensign.
AWFUL OCCURRENCE.-011 Monday evening last a
joiner, of the name of Thomas Jamieson, a native of
Ayr, was married at Stirling, and on Tuesday the .
couple, accompanied by Elizabeth Jamieson, a sister of
the bridegroom,: drove to Callender in a drosky, where
they met with another joiner, James Taylor, a native of
Stirling, but who has resided for some time at Cause-
way-head, and was working at Callender. While there,
they bad a desire to visit Bracklinn. The party set-
a' unknown to Taylor, but he suspecting where the!'
had gone, followed briskly, and unfortunately came up
to them just as they were about to enter upon the
bridge, which the young woman, Elizabeth Jamieson,
was objecting to do, when he seized her in mere wanton-
ness to place her on the giddy pathway, which is
wooden structure scarcely two feet broad, with a railitw
upon it, and stretching over a yawning chasm of most
~eloomy and forbidding appearance, upon which but to
look thrills the nerves of the hardiest not accustomed to
such scenes. Site, in her endeavours to avoid the
agreeable object, fixed her hold upon the railing, which
gave wsy, when both were precipitated into the abyss
below. Every one who knows the place can easily form
ofornl
an idea what the consequence must be. Theenb:
f
Taylor could not be got at the time, having be
xried
away by the stream, and must have
been dreadfully
the life still in
mangled ; while the girl was found syat
b
her, but with little prospect of
nrronsurviving.a At four o'clock
left,the woman
yesterday afternoon, when our informant
of Taylor had not hem
t‘'‘o. ausn d still
alive,tir.ilNcosir-Tax.—We learn from
..the Warwick Ad-
St nodbse the ~,,,, b..
ody
terteser, that on Monday last, in pusuance of a requiai-'
lion presented to the Mayor, and his Worship's const
u le meeting, to e
of
hi' • b held
the Court-house, many •or the professional and tradinl
quent appointment
inhabitants of the borough of Warwick assembled, " fir'
the purpose of taking into consideration the mode of
sessing the income-tax, and the place of appeal again..
all taxes; end also the propriety of petitioning the Legi; t
lature against the continuance of the tax upon income:,
Resolutions in furtherance of the object of the meetit
were agreed to, and the Mayor has forwarded to S.
John INfordaunt, Bart. (Chairman of the Local Board ►
Commissioners of Taxes for the district), a copy of then._ 1,
The Earl of Clare and, the lion. Col. itzgibba4
have been placed in mourningi by the death of Mr. Thor
G. Fitzgibbon, who died at his seat in the county Lime
rick last week.
It is calculated that the thirty-one railways f,
which Acts of Parliament were obtained last session up
require a capital of 11,741,717 E sterling.
It is reported that Lieutenant Puddicombe intenor,
to prefer an action for damages against Colonel Burto f
R.M., whose letter respecting the Lieutenant's erica,
nality has been the subject of animadversion.
We are informed that the preliminaries have bet s.
arranged for a matrimonial alliance between the He. e,
Captain Boyle, second son of the Earl of Cork, and Mi. I
Georgiana Roberts, daughter of the well-known bank
of that name. The ceremony will take place during ti
.present month.
The marriage of Lord Loftus with the accotr •'
plished daughter of Lady Elizabeth Hop? Vera, whit
was to have been solemnised to-morrow, is unaroidali
postponed for a few days.

of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM TCE EVENING PAPERS OF SATURDAY.
GLOBE.—The Vice-Chancellors of Oxford and
ambridge are taken from the Heads of Colleges in
certain orders of rotation established by common
consent and for convenience. If a new Vice-Chan-
cellor is to be appointed every year, as in Cambridge,
or every fourth year, as is the practice at Oxford,
the advantages of such a system and rotation are
obviously great. The rule, of course, is not ab-
solutely binding, and occasions may arise where
it ought to be departed from. An academical
Alderman Wood or Gibbs would be passed over
without at all impairing the force of the rule. But
there is an end of the rule altogether if politics or
doctrinal controversies are made grounds for depart-
ing from it. Some years since, Dr. Lamb, the
learned and excellent Master of Corpus Christi Col-
lege Cambridge, was passed over, when it came to
he his turn to be nominated for the Vice-Chancellor-
ship, for no other reason than that he was a
zealous Liberal politician. The late Government
marked their sense of Dr. Lamb's merit, and of
the injustice with which the bigot Heads at Cam-
bridge had treated him, by appointing him to the
Deanery of Bristol. Will Sir Robert Peel have the
courage to give any similar slap in the face to the
rampant Oxford faction which is opposing Dr. Symons
because he is an Evangelical (see the Times articles
passim), and will, therefore, probably keep Puseyism
at bay, as Dr. Wynter has done ? Great pains are
taken by the Puseyite agitators to convince the
world that they are not opposing Dr. Symons
because he is no Puseyite. But the difference between
opposing him because he is no Puseyite, and opposing
him because, being no Puseyite, he will pro-
bably do things, as Vice-Chancellor, distasteful to
Puseyites, is a difference which none but a Puseyite
can be expected to appreciate. Dr. Wynter was
an " Evangelical ;" and Dr. Wynter summoned
the Board of Heresy to judge Dr. Pusey's ser-
mon, and vetoed Mr. M`Mullen's Divinity de-
gree. Dr. Symons is another " Evangelical,"
and will probably do similar things in similar
circumstances. This is the logic of innu-
merable correspondents of the Times, honoured
always with large type. Has Dr. Wynter done any-
thing unconstitutional? The aforementioned large-
type gentlemen say that he has. But it does not follow
that another " Evangelical" Vice-Chancellor will be
led by similar views of religion into similar violations
of academical law. Similar religious vie ws will of
course lead him to similar opinions on Dr. Pusey's
sermon and Mr. M‘Mullen's thesis. But then, it is
not on account of his religious opinions simply that
the Pusey faction are moving heaven and earth to de-
feat the nomination of Dr. Symons. on Tuesday next.
Oh no! It is all very well now to disclaim re-
ligious considerations, and rest the opposition to Dr.
Symons on the unconstitutional acts of his brother
Evangelical predecessor. But did any constitu-
tional questions enter into the contest for the
Poetry chair ? Those who made Puseyism the test
for a Professor of Poetry, would not have the
sense to prevent them from making it the test for a
Vice-Chancellor. But they have, it appears, the
cunning to endeavour to conceal their mischievous
motives. What we principally care for in this
and all the other Puseyite demonstrations at Ox-
ford, is the evidence furnished of the theolo-
gical unity and peace which the University secures
by the compulsory subscription to the Thirty-nine
Articles, and the additional notoriety given by each
of these outbreaks to the fact of the existence of a large
and powerful body of Dissenting Conformists in a Uni-
versity which will not abate one jot of the Thirty-
nine Articles, to:allow honest Non-Conformists a par-
ticipation in its advantages. Mr. Newman and Mr.
Ward enjoy fellowships ; but those whom Mr. New-
man's and Mr. Ward's writings send unto the Church
of Rome, have the door of the University closed upon
them. We read, only in last week's Oxford Chronicle,
of a beneficed clergyman who, having been convinced
by Mr. Ward's book, has given up his living,
and gone into the Church of Rome. This
man's son will be required to sign the Thirty-nine
Articles before he can be admitted to receive educa-
tion at Oxford • and if he follow the faith which his
father has learned from Mr. Ward, Fellow of Baliol
College, the test will exclude him from Oxford. Mr.
Ward, meanwhile, continues a Fellow. And how, oh,
good Sir Robert Inglis, does this angrily-prosecuted
quarrel about the Vice-Chancellorship—only one of
many such quarrels—prove the efficacy of the Thirty..
nine Articles to keep Oxford free from religious
discord ?
STANDARD.—One of our morning Contem-
poraries (many of our agricultural readers will be
able to guess which) commences a long leading
article this day with the following paragraph :
" Among the numberless proofs which every day
supplies of the utter prostration of the agricultural
interest may be noticed certain proceedings which
distinguished the recent meeting of the Vale of
Evesham Agricultural Society." Now, so much
do the judgments of men vary upon the same
representations of the very same facts, that we
draw from the proceedings at the Evesham
meeting an inference precisely the opposite of
;hat which would describe the agricultural in
serest as in a state of " prostration." On the
other hand, we see in these proceedings, to our sense.
the clearest proof that the agriculturists are now, al-
most for the first time in our own history, or in the
i.istory of any other country, entering upon the
course by which they will do justice to themselves
Ia saying that this course is an untried one, we et
course, admit that it is subject to serimus diffieLtiti,„
iit first, and opposed by many prejudices; neverthe-
;.,,s, we are confident that in the judgment of reason-
;Vole persons the principle will carry us to our conclu-
s on. When the Economists and Leaguers have been
c!amouring to deprive the agriculturists of that
fa'r protection which is allowed by law to every
other pursuit of industry, our answer has always
ben that agriculture is a trade and a manufacture
es much as the fabrication of cotton, woollen
cloth, earthenware, or hardware ; a trade and
manufacture, however, subject to heavier burdens
and more violent vicissitudes than any other, and
therefore requiring, to maintain its existence.
a higher degree of protection than any other
tra'le or manufacture. We have never found
the Economist or Leaguer who could answer this
pl lin proposition, and therefore we hold it to he
unansserable. Now, if it he true, that agri-
culture is a trade and manufacture in one,
f?i,se, it is true in all senses—as true when w e
demand commercial intelligence, enterprise, and
activity from the agriculturists, as when we slain,
rotection on their behalf. It is a remarkible fact,
however, that while great fortunes have been realised
in other branches of industry, and powerful and dis
tinguished families founded by successful traders in
silk, cotton, earthenware, wood, iron, &c., the
example of such successes on the part of agricultu-
rists are extremely rare, if any such examples are to
he found. The seeming reasons for this are suffi-
ciently numerous and sufficiently obvious to satisfy
„,,,,eurperficial inquirers, but they will not bear a
close examination, because they all rest on two
fallacies; first, the notion that the produce of the
soil is not capable of an infinite augmentation ;
secondly, the opinion that the demand for agricul-
tural produce is, in like manner, limited. Resting
upon these two fallacies, landlords have despaired of
Ci nsidembly augmenting their family estates by any
outlay of capital, and have, therefore, neglected to
save money for the purpose, while farmers
have been but too happy to hold their own,
and labour from morning till night for a
bare subsistence—both have cast anchor in
the existingrstate of things. But ships at anchor
bring home no cargoes; and agriculture has, in
consequence, been left far behind in the race to
wealth. What would have been the fate of other
branches of industry if they, too, had, fifty or
sixty years ago, dropped anchor in the status quo
Wbat would be now the dimensions of Manchester,
Birmingham, and Leeds, if the manufacturers of
1780 had said—We cannot employ more labour, for
we have no more to employ; we cannot hope to
extend our markets, for we already find it sufficiently
difficult to dispose of our goods ? The manufacturers
reasoned differently ; they saw that the demand for
labour would produce labour—that the abundant supply
of markets would augment and multiply markets, and
they have thriven accordingly. Why, then, did not
the agriculturists pursue thu same course? They were
as intelligent and industrious as the manufacturers
of 1780, and could command much more capital.
The reason was the same that operates up to this
moment—they wanted, generally, the encourage-
ment afforded by the example of success in
particular instances, the great stimulus in other
departments of industry; and the want of such
examples is to be ascribed to one important pecu-
liarity in agricultural pursuits. In every other
pursuit the same man commands and applies
the amount of capital necessary for ensuring
success, also owns it, and reaps the profit of its
employment, and thus capital is abundantly applied.
In agriculture the landlord has, or can command.
capital, but has no urgent motive to employ it.
The tenant, on the other hand, has every ima-
ginable motive to employ capital, but, he neither
has it in sufficient quantity, nor can command
it ; capital, accordingly, is not applied to the cul-
tivation of the soil in anything approaching to its
proper amount, and the soil does not produce one-
half of what, by a small additional outlay, it may
be made to produce.. But here it will be objected,
that a great augmentation of produce would ruin the
farmer by exceeding the demand, and by, conse-
quently, reducing prices. This is a remnant of
the old error of Lord Liverpoors day—the
error' of trier-production. It was not, however,
too much production that created the distress
In. the five or six years after the close
of the war, but too little money in the
niarket to pay for it. If the farmer, however, pro-
duce-tbee quarters of wheat where before be pro-

rluced but two, is he a loser, though wheat decline
10 or 20 per cent. upon the quarter? There
is
nothing to be feared from the great increase of ;
production, if made gradually, as in the nature ofi
things it must be made. Nay, agriculture may
be, and probably will be, a more profitable
trade long after this country shall have become
a corn exporting country. And why should
it not become a corn exporting country ? Our
soil and climate are not inferior to the average of the
corn exporting countries of the continent of Europe.
Our constitution and laws are better adapted to the
protection of every branch of industry than the
constitution and laws of any other country. Our
people are the most industrious and skilful in
whatever pursuit they engage in ; and we have
infinitely more capital to give effect to their exer-
tions. If labour is dearer with us, its dearness is
not found to affect other branches of industry ; and
there is no reason why we should not send a quarter
of wheat to the Continent with as fair 'a prospect of
underselling rivals, as we can send a bale of cotton.
To this we firmly believe it will come, if the
Legislature continue to agriculture a fair protection,
and if only agriculturists, more particularly landlords
(for all depends on them), will but follow the advice
given to them at the Evesham meeting. This advice
may be shortly described as incorporating the land-
lord's capital with the tenant's industry and skill
—each receiving a due share of the return.
Let the landlord, in a word, make all important,
expensive, and permanent improvements, and charge
the tenant a moderate interest for the outlay. This
plan has been adopted with complete success by
the Duke of Wellington, by Lord Harrowby,
Mr. Barneby, and many other landlords. The
land is drained or otherwise improved by the
landlord, who charges the tenant, in some of the in-
stances quoted at Evesham, five per cent., and this
five per cent. the tenant most cheerfully pays out of
a profit of 10, 15, or even 20 per cent., which he
derives from the arrangement. The landlord can,
however, obtain money upon his estates, in
the present state of the money market, at three
per cent. or a little more, leaving him a profit
of two per cent., or nearly two per cent., upon
a transaction by which otherwise he greatly
benefits his property. Such are the pros-
pects of a branch of industry, which our dolo-
rous Contemporary describes as in a prostrate state.
Nor are the most important class of all, the
agricultural labourers, unconcerned in the bright
prospect. Whatever gives additional energy to farm-
ing puts bread into the mouth of the labourer and
the labourer's children. It was stated by Lord
Sandon, at Evesham, that on two farms, where the
number of labourers had previously been no more
than nine, forty have been called into employment
by the new plan.

THE COMMERCE of the AMERICAN

LAKES.
(From Simrnonds's Colonial Magazine.)
Since the remission of the duty on Canadian flour,
combined with the known aptitude and fertility of our
Canadian provinces, and their admirable adaptation to
the growth of the finest wheat, the cessation of the
ravages caused by the fly in the extensive fields for-
merly covered with that grain, in the eastern portions
of Canada, and the construction of a ship canal round
the rapids of the St. Lawrence, to facilitate its trans-
port to the ocean, the commerce of the lakes has be-
come an object of transcendent consequence and the
greatest value. When the long chain of water com-
munication, intersecting countries of unbounded fer-
tility through the whole American continent, from the
Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of Labrador, is being
traversed, without interruption, by every description
of vessels—ships, brigs, schooners, steamers, steam-
propellers, barges, and boats—it will be admitted
that this branch f commercial enterprise is highly
interesting and deserving every attention. Chris-
topher Colles was one of the first individuals who
directed his attention to the inland navigation of the
huge waters of the western world, which, at a very
early period of American enterprise, naturally riveted
the attention of the mariner, the merchant, the me-
chanic, and the farmer. Jesse Hawley wrote many
valuable essays, demonstrating the practicability of
connecting the lakes with the Hudson river, and,
thus, with the Atlantic Ocean. De Witt Clinton,
Governor of the State of New York, was the int
who put the plan into execution, amidst every de-
scription of opposition, ridicule, and reproach. The
canal, named after the vast lake which it connected
with the ocean, the Erie canal was termed Clinton's
ditch. The natural valley of the St. Lawrence, like
that of the Mississippi, being the proper outlet and
channel for these worlds of waters, was not long
before it became the object of attraction, and, not-
withstanding the impediments to its successful! explo-
ration, by the numerous waterfalls and rapids in its
course, more especially that hugest and grandest—one
)f the wonders of the world—the mammoth cataract
of Niagara—the vast importance of vanquishing these
obstacles of nature became every day more apparent,
and ultimately eventuated in the construction of the
two canals—the Erie canal from Buffalo, at the
eastern extremity of Lake Erie, with the Hudson
river, and the Welland canal, on the Canadian side of
Lake Erie, commencing at Gravelly Bay on that
lake, and entering Lake Ontario, at its western ex-
rrernity at Port Robinson ; these canals forming, to-
gether with the lakes and the river St. Lawrence,
tri inland water communication of upwards of 2,000
miles. The rapid increase in the value of property
along the whole line of the Erie canal, particularly
through the beautiful valley of the Mohawk, soon
convinced the most sceptical of the forethought,
wisdom, and prudence, of De Witt Clinton. The
timber of the majestic forests skirting its banks, in-
;tead of being burnt, as the preliminary step to culti-
vation, was soon borne on its bosoms to those markets
on the Atlantic coast where it was in great demand,
and of inestimable value. The hydraulic powers, fur-
nished by the various streams falling into the Mohawk
river, were soon required for manufacturing purposes ;
Ind the gloomy wilderness—the haunt of the savage,
mad the lair of the beast of prey—became
the site of cities, towns, hamlets, homesteads, orchards,
fields, gardens, and a large, and happy, and pros-
perous population. From Albany, on the Iludson
river, to Buffalo on Lake Erie, a distance of 330
miles, the whole country is now one continued sue •
cession of farms, with numerous populous towns and
villages intervening; and the Erie canal has been one
,f the most useful and lucrative public undertakings
wer carried into execution. The great value of this
gigantic water communication arises from the hound-
ess fertility of the extensive country it traverses.
')ur present concern is with those portions pertaining
the British Crown, and in immediate connexion
with the river St. Lawrence. The lakes bounding
that territory are lakes Superior, Huron, St. Clair,
Erie, and Ontario. These majestic lakes were first
navigated by the French ; and the earliest description
riven of these vast waters was by one of the enter-
prising and pious missionaries who accompanied the
4pirited La Salle in his first interesting and perilous
voyage. During the summer of 1679, a vessel was
constructed on the shores of Lake Erie, called the
Griffin, commanded by La Salle, having a crew of
Frenchmen, and a humble Flemish recollect, La Pere
Hennepin, the spiritual director of these navigators,
and the faithful chronicler of their toils. These lakes
never having been traversed before but by the frail
barque of the red men of the immense forests that
skirted their shores, they sounded as they went.
Their first anchorage was contiguous to those beauti-
ful islands at the western end of Lake Erie, near the
entrance of the river Detroit, the scene of warfare
between the British troops and the American brigands
in 1837 and 1838. Many portions of Canada still
bear the names of these early pioneers, Tonti, Charle-
voix, Marguette, and others. The great Cardinal de
Richelieu, whose chalice, vestments, and other per-
sonal effects, are still treasured up with great care in
Lower Canada, was the first statesman whose powerful
mind was directed to the commercial importance of
the lakes. He devised a system for the collection and
shipment of the furs obtained in the north-west
regions for France, and established a line of forts
from Quebec, through the lakes, to the remotest
regions of the west. At the Sault de Saint Marie,
Green Bay, Michilimackinac, Detroit, Niagara, Fort
Stan ivix, and other places on the lakes, trading ports
7were established by the early French merchants, who
acted as agents for the French Government. Within
the memory of the present generation, the annual
collection of voyageurs assembled at Montreal, in the
early summer months, and departed amidst great
ceremony and pomp, in their numerous canoes,
on the Ottawa, to carry on the North
American fur trade. In 1668, the Hudson's Bay
Company obtained a charter, and afterwards the
north-west Company monopolised the trade in furs.
After many conflicts with the Indians and the French,
the English became possessed of the north-west re-
gions, and during the whole progress of the American
Revolution, until the declaration of peace in 1795,
warfare continually interrupted the settlement of the
borders, and arrested the commerce of the lakes. The
western posts on the lakes were surrendered in 1796,
but it was not until after the contest on the lakes,
during the war of 1812, that this important naviga-
tion may be said to have occupied any real attention.
In reality it was not until the introduction of steam
into these waters that their trade and commerce may
he fairly said to have made much progress. Lake Su-
perior, the vastest and largest of these inland seas,
1,116 miles in circumference, has yet but one steam-
boat on it ; but the boundless mineral wealth on its
shores will, doubtless, soon give an impetus to the
navigation to this great inland sea. From the rapid
settlements on the borders of Lake Michigan, and the
country beyond it, that lake has many steamers and
schooners constantly plying on it. With the excep-
tion of the steamers that are constantly passing
through Lake Huron from Buffalo, and the steam
propellers from Oswego, on Lake Ontario, to Chicago,
there is but one steam boat on Lake Huron. On
Lake Erie there are nearly 100 eteftwOrs of various

sivs, many of great magnitude, conveying from
1,200 to 1,500 passengers at a time to the settlements
on L ake Michigan. On Lake Ontario there are
ntrarl: r forty steamers, those on the Canadian side
carry ing the mails between Kingston and Toronto, of
great , size and power, and commanded by most expe-
riem ;ed and excellent captains. Those who have once
had the pleasure of making a passage with Captain
Cob slough, the obliging and able commander of the
P noess Royal, will soon find an excuse to make a
sc ;c ond. It is impossible that anything can surpass the
a .ention and 'arrangements to be met with in these
t ;as cellent vessels. There are numerous lighthouses on
.e lakes, and every assistance has been afforded to
mir secure navigation. The practice of towing barges,
nrb ich had been generally and successfully carried on,
c 'n the Hudson river, was found impracticable on the
It dr es, in consequence of the severe storms to which
the y were frequently subjected ; but since the introduc
tic), aof the screw propeller into schooners and large
vessels, the necessity has been obviated, and a vast
d a d. of merchandise is now carried on by this mode.
r ne celerity, convenience, and safety with which
st earners may descend the rapids of the St. Lawrence,
has been found to be one of the most useful and suc-
cessful experiments made in that new application of
steam 'power. During the month of June, in this
present season, the fine schooner Adventure, the pro-
perty of the Toronto and St. Lawrence Steam Navi-
gation Company, made the quickest direct run ever
known between those large and populous cities. The
.distance is 470 miles, and she went from Toronto
E ,) Montreal, laden with freight, in two days and a
ti; uarter, demonstrating, to the entire satisfaction of
tla e Company, the admirable adaptation of this class of
vessels for the navigation of these waters. To extend
th e commerce of these seas, loans were advanced by
tls .e provincial government, in 1841, to incorporated
at )mpanies engaged in the promotion of the trade of
tl ne lakes. In 1842, the gross amount of collections of
,ustoms' duties in Canada was 278,9301. 7s. 34d. ' • the
;nett amount collected at Quebec was 68,0871. ; at
:Montreal, 149,4911. ; at St. John's, 16,864/. ; at Bur-
lington Bay, 7,2631. ; at Kingston, 6,5101. ; at To-
ronto, 8,053/. ; other ports, smaller sums. The nett
:revenue derived from customs, in 1842, exceeded that
,of 1841 by 50,947—the increase at Quebec and Mont-
-real alone being upwards of 55,326/., and on the
"Western Canada ports, 2,2301. The tolls on the La-
s hine canal produced during the year 16;322/.

(ADVERTISHMENT.)
NEW SCIENCE OF WARFARE

TO THE PUBLIC.

Some years since the son of Louis XVI., the
:legitimate King of France, had his residence in a
:small town in Prussia, and his occupation being me-
chanical, led him to study the science of warfare.
His first production was a cannon, upon a principle
cntirely new, with a percussion lock, and without re-
coil when discharged; also a self- explodieg bomb
,shell, of extraordinary power.
In the year 1829, his Royal Highness sent this
cannon to Paris, through the Count Dagaut, then
Ambassador to Charles X., in Berlin, but what
s now become of it is unknown.

This unfortunate Prince lost his only friend in the
loyal Family by the de nth of the Duke de Berry,
:ho was assassinated; he afterwards addressed him-
elf to Charles X., but without effect.

The determination of his family not to recognise
h im, although their chief obliged the Prince to seek
h is private rights, and throw himself upon the justice
o f his country; he went, therefore, to Paris, presented
h imself at the proper tribunal, and, after much diffi-
culty, succeeded in obtaining a trial. The French
;-overnment upon this fact arrested him, put him in
aision, and, without allowing a judgment to pass, he
i vas, in 1836, by order of the King of the French,
ent by military power to Calais, put on board an
nglish packet boat, and landed at Dover.
With the persecutions of this unfortunate Prince,
;however, at present we have nothing to do ; we only
know, that from the time of his arrival in England to
the present day he has employed his whole time in
studying the power and system of warfare.
About four years since the Prince addressed him-
t elf (through an agent) to the Select Committee at
Woolwich, he was accepted, and at the first experi-
t sent ; presented three exploding bomb-shells, to the
atisfaction of the Committee ; and many general
.3 fficers then present must recollect the remarks made,
list the explosions were terrific. The second experi-
t nent failed, from causes which can be easily explained.
It is well known what happened to this persecuted
I )rince at Minerva House, Old Kent-road, when, from
caalice, all his inventions were attempted to be de-
t troyed; his landlord swore his life against him; his
ea-editors harassed him; and after nine months' incar-
c oration, he was discharged by the Insolvent Court.
What became of many parts of his machinery of war-
/.ire during this time we are not aware; but we hear
.f individuals, both in England and:France, pretending
t put forward, as new, inventions which were disco-
s -ere(' by his Royal Highness as far back as 1821.
The Prince, during his residence at Minerva House,
t is true, had, at times, some French gentlemen with
din, and, it may, therefore, be presumed, that some
f them attempted to profit by the confidence he re-
,osed in them, as will appear from the French news-
.spers. It is, however, certain, that the principal
I ecrets have been preserved to himself alone.
Ills first invention, the cannon, is a beautiful piece
c)f machinery, without the least recoil when fired, and
onstructed in such a manner that one man may direct
thirty-two pounder (manufactured upon the same
principle) with as much ease as a musket. The sight
Os° shows the mark at a considerable distance, by
,:iptical power, and without fail, by the self•exploding
mmb shell, the object is destroyed.
His second are rockets, which explode the moment
1 hey strike the object. These rockets are without
t ticks, go straight to the mark like a cannon-ball, and
Ire of tremendous power.
His third are bomb shells, the power of which is
truly terrific, and called by Captain -Warner invisible.
71:hese bomb shells the Prince will discharge from a
4: .annon in any direction with a certainty to strike the
abject desired, and are named rocket-of-cannon.
His fourth is the hand rocket, which can be used
vith equal advantage, either at sea or upon land ;
s vith this missile the inhabitants of any island or town,
however small, may protect themselves against the
united power of Europe, as the Prince dare assert,
t hat no army, however strong in power or numbers,
c an take possession, whilst opposed by these rockets,
nd they will be found of incalculable benefit to cap-
tains oemerchant ships, to protect themselves against
pirates or any other power at sea.
His Royal Highness will also show that these
rockets, directed by an air ship, with the assistance of
a balloon, may he sent from London to Paris, or from
Paris to London, and can be made to explode at any
given time, with such destructive force as to destroy
everything around them, proving thereby that
a nation, in possession of this power, has nothing
to fear from the combined force of her neighbours, as
no fortress can stand against it twenty-four hours.
It may be necessary here to state that many of the
Prince's rockets are of a very peculiar construction,
they go without stick, carry no fire with them; some
explode on touching the object, others upon entering
the side of a vessel, tearing her timbers asunder, and
others go through the timbers, explode, and set the
ship on fire. Another matter also, which is of con-
siderable importance in the inventions of his Royal
Highness, is, that all these destructive missiles are
rendered perfectly safe and harmless until required
for action, and therefore capable of being packed and
transported to any part of the world without danger.
Thus it must be seen, that Government need not ex-
pend large sums of money in the purchase of invisible
missiles, as it will be proved that many of the inven-
tions put forth by recent adventurers, are fallacies,
and can stand no test with the original inventions.
The Society of Practical Science and Noble Science
of Warfare, Mulgrave House, Fulham, have pur-
chased several parts of these important inventions
from his Royal Highness the Duke of Normandie, and
propose, on the 15th instant, to show a series of ex-
periments upon their grounds at Mulgrave House,
when the rockets, &c., will be so constructed as to be
safely used upon the grounds without danger ; and
the Society of the Noble Science of Warfare are pre-
pared and willing to forward sample rockets and
shells, upon a large scale, to be proved at Woolwich
or elsewhere, should the Select Committee or the Go-
vernment request it.
The Society beg to announce that on the 15th
instant the first experiment on their grounds at Mul-
grave House, Fulham, will be an invisible bomb
shell ; the second, a visible bomb shell ; the third,
a self-exploding rocket without stick; the fourth,
hand roocket, which will be thrown in several direc-
tious frm the top of a mast, to show that any mer-
chant ship can defend herself against a pirate, or even
a man-of-war, at sea.

The next will be a self-exploding rocket, which
shall go off at a time prescribed by any gentleman
present.
The commencement of these experiments will take
place at one o'clock, and terminate at six; and it is
presumed, that to noblemen, naval and military offi-
cers, and men of science, the experiments will prove
interesting and valuable.

BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, OCT. 4.—There hat
been an improved demand for West India sugars this
week, the sales reaching 700 hogsheads West India, as
about former prices. The cargo of Bengals, per Mary
Imrie, has been brought to market, and about 1,200 bags
have been disposed off, chiefly 60s. for strong grained
dry quality. No sales in Mauritius.—Bristol Mercury.
OLDHAM.—The inhabitants of Oldham have for
years been endeavouring to obtain a mail, for London,
at about five P.M. daily, which they have at length suc-
ceeded in getting, by raising a subscription for the pur-
pose. A London and general bag aro now conveyed by
the railway train leaving Oldham at 5.50 instead
of the old-fashioned gig mail, when the box closed at
2'15 P.M., for London.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
COURT OF BANKRUPTCY, Oct. 5.
IN THE MATTER OF JOHN MYNDE COOKE.

This insolvent, a younc, man who had been an
attorney in Clifford-street, Bond-street, was opposed
by Mr. E. James, on the part of a Mr. Hugh Strat-
ford Stratford, Mr. Thomas Flight, the money-lender,
and others. He was supported by Mr. M. Chambers
and Mr. C. Smith. Mr. Bagley represented some
creditors who were favourable to the application.
The present was the first case of a prisoner heard
under the new Act. The insolvent had been five
months in the Queen's Prison, and was brought up
on a warrant granted by Mr. Commissioner Evans.
The case occupied nearly three hours, and disclosed
some peculiar gambling transactions. The debts on
the schedule were set forth at 40,9891. 10s. 3d., in-
cluding a sum of 24,0001. on a qui tam action for
Lambling. The credits were 1,7891. 195., including
ord Huntingtower as a debtor. The complaint was
that the insolvent had improperly contracted a debt with
Mr. Flight, the money-lender, and that the general
character of his schedule called upon the court to refuse
his application on his interim order. It appeared that
the insolvent began business as an attorney in 1842,
and concluded in May, 1843, in which month an in-
junction in Chancery was obtained to restrain the
negotiation of bills of exchange accepted by Mr.
Hugh Stratford Stratford, who now opposed. By
the admissions made by the insolvent it was proved
that Mr. Stratford had played at hazard and blind
hookey with a sporting man named Coglan, whom
he met at Chelmsford, and lost 10,8431., for which he
gave his acceptances. Stratford, Coglan, and a female
played when the insolvent " played." The insolvent
won 5,0001. of Coglan, and 4001. of Stratford, and he
(the insolvent) got from Coglan 4,500/. of the accept-
ances given by Stratford for the large sum lost to
Coglan of upwards of 10,0001. He denied that he
had " shared" the winnings with Coglan. Two of
the 1,0001. bills were discounted by Flight for 1,6441.,
the rest being deducted as interest on short dates.
The principal question was the representations made
to obtain the discount, and on that point the evidence
was very conflicting. It was stated that the insolvent
had represented that he had the bills from his client
to get discounted, as he was about to marry a Baro-
net's daughter, and required some money ; and it was
sworn by him, and confirmed by a clerk, who heard
through a " canvas partition," that he mentioned that
they were given for a gambling affair. Two wit-
nesses on each side gave the version stated.
Mr. Commissioner EVANS eventually held that the
debt had been contracted in fraud, and that he gave
evidence to the statement of the creditor. The very
reason in the case showed that a person would not
state that the bills were given for a gambling debt, as
that would prevent the recovery of the amount, He
should refuse the application.
Mr. JAMES asked the court to dismiss the petition,
which was resisted on the statement that the boncr fide
debts were under 1,000/., and some of the creditors
wished the property in the case to be protected.
The COURT acquiesced, and instead of dismissing the
petition, refused to name a day for the final order.

Mr. SMITH asked the court to name a distant day
when the insolvent might again appear. * He had al-
ready been five months in confinement.
The COURT refused the application, and the insolvent
was remanded to prison.

WESTMINSTER SESSIONS.
THE QUEEN v. MYERS AND OTHERS.

On Saturday Abraham Myers (alias Samuel Myers),
Mary Smith (alias Mary Johnson), and Elizabeth
Nelson, surrendered to receive the judgment of the
Court for keeping a house of ill-fame in the parish of
St. George, Hanover-square. The defendant Myers
was sentenced to three months' imprisonment in the
House of Correction, with hard labour, and to enter
into his own recognizances on his discharge in the
sum of 1001., and to find two responsible housekeepers
to be bound in the sum of 501. each, for his good be-
haviour for the ensuing twelve months. The sen-
tence of Mary Smith was that she be kept to hard
labour in the same gaol for two months, and on her
discharge to find two sureties of 501. each, to be
answerable for her good behaviour for twelve months.
Elizabeth Nelson was sentenced to one month, with
hard labour, in the same gaol, and to enter into, on
her discharge, her own recognizances of 201., and to
find two 101. bail for her good conduct for twelve
months.

THE QUEEN U. MOSES DAVIS THE YOUNGER.

This was a similar case to the others, and the de-
fendant was sentenced to three months' imprisonment
in the House of Correction, with hard labour, and on
his discharge to find two sureties, to be bound for his
good behaviour for twelve months, in the sum of 501.
each, and to enter into his own recognizance of 1001.