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THE MAGAZINES.
BLACKIVOOD'S MAGAZINE.

We have in this number an impartial, able, and, we
way add, fascinating account of Muntesquieu, one of the
must remarkable political and constitutional writers that
had done honour to France. Frenchmen are not esti-
mated in this country, according to their merits. The
vulgar prejudice is against them. They are considered
by certain classes as superficial, vain, arrogant, and ad-
, dieted to display rather than to the productions of works
•useful to suciety. Never did national prejudice commit
such a grievous error It would be difficult to point out
any other country in which men appeared so justly ce-
lebrated for great talent and original conceptions, whe-
tner as regards philosophy, history, mathematics, the
arts of war, or the arts of peace. if we except poetry,
Frenchmen have distinguished themselves in every path
frequented by civilised nations. Till Hume arose we
hau no good history of England but that written by a
Freneinnan. Descartes was long and justly the idol of
moral philosophers in every part of Europe, Montesquieu
hu nu equal in his line. In chemical discoveries they
took the lead, and in the arts of war, the most difficult
perhaps that can occupy the human mind, the French
Marshals became models for the study of men destined
to command armies. It is needless to recount their

names. In modern time s they have still retained their
superiority. Laplace and others of the same school
have, it is true, lowed in the path of Newton, but they
have made discoveries only eclipsed by his divine genius.
Voltaire furnished the first idea of writing history so
as to make it useful, their preachers have furnished the
most perfect specimens of pulpit eloquence, their kings,
too, excelled in their peculiar art, and the Court of Louis
the ail V., was looked up to by European Sovereigns as
the best model for imitation. Even during the awful
convulsions of the Revolution, men of more than ordi-
nary ability were constantly appearing in the scene, till
by their combined energy, ability, andoriginality of plans
they had compelled every neighbouring State to admit
their superiority. We are, therefore, glad to find one
of the bright lights of that country made the subject of
an essay by a Tory periodical, and still more glad that
full justice is done to his merit. Indeed, the liberal and
sound views of that distinguished writer, seem to have
made a deep impression upon the hitherto bigoted fol-
lower of the old Tory leaders, who would give the people
no power whatever, but concentrate the whole govern-
ment of the country in the hands of the nobles and the
wealthy classes. In commenting on the remarks of
Montesquieu, respecting the division of the Roman
people into centuries byServius Tullius to carry out the
representative system, the writer throws his old friends
entirely overboard, and proposes a scheme, which
neither Grey nor Brougham had the courage to ad-
vance. "In truth," says he, "it deserves consideration
by those who think on human affairs, and the probable
form of government which may be expected to prevail
in future among men, whether universal suffrage is the
real evil to be dreaded; and whether equality of suffrage
is not the real poison which destroys society. Abstractly
considered, there is much justice in the plea so con-
stantly advanced by the working classes, that being
members of the community, and contributing to its sup-
port or opulence by their labour, they are entitled to a
certain voice in the direction of its affairs. If no one has
a voice at all but the sovereign, as in a despotism, or
no one except a few magnates, as in an aristocracy, the
humbler classes cannot complain at least of inconsist-
ency, whatever they may of injustice, if they are ex-
cluded. But if a vast body of electors. as in Great
Britain, are admitted, and still the great bulk of the
working-classes are excluded, it is not easy to see on
what principle the exclusion of some can be rendered
consistent with the admission of others. It deserves
consideration whether the true principle would not be to
give every able-bodied working man, major and not re
ceiving parochial relief, a vote, but a vote of much less
weight than his superiors in intelligence, property, or
station. This might be done either as the Romans did,
by making the votes be taken by centuries, and classing
all the votes of the poorer electors in a limited number
of centuries, or giving each man a personal vote, and
giving the holders of property, in addition, more votes
fur their property ; as one for every pound of direct
taxes paid."
. This is a new feature in Maga, and leads us to be-
lieve that in a very short time it will become one of the
most liberal magazines of the day, and beat Regina in
political revolutions. North has left off for a time his
dissertations on English poets, and is better employed
possibly in rural amusements and exercises. These
specimens were not in his best style even at first, and
latterly became rather dull and uninteresting. We there-
fore do not regret the vacation. In the present number
there is the conclusion of another long subject " Mars-
ton, or the Memoirs of a Statesman," for which we look
forward to a good substitute. The biographical sketch
of Frank Abney Hastings is fall of interest, and we will
not spoil it by an abridgment. It furnishes a sad proof
of the tyrannical and rude conduct which unfortunately
distinguishes many of our naval commanders, and of the
fate of those whose spirit rebels against it. There are
some tolerable pieces of poetry in the number, from
which we select the follossing for its peculiar character.
The " Opium Eater," when tormented with the blue
devils, could not have written anything more gloomy:-

A MEDITATION.
Some hidden disappointment clings.
To all of man—to all his schemes,
And life has little fair it brings,
Save idle dreams.

The peace that may be ours to-day,
Scarce heed we, looking for the morrow ;
The slighted moments steal away,
And then comes sorrow.

The light of promise that may glow
Where life shines fair in bud or bloom,
Ere fruit hath ripen'd forth to show,
Is quench'd in gloom.
The rapture softest blush imparts,
Dies with the bloom that fades away,
And glory from the wave departs
At close of day.
Where we have garner'd up our hearts,
And fixed our earnest love and trust,
The very life-blood thence departs,
And all is dust.
Then, Nature, let us turn to thee ;
For in thy countless changes thou
Still bearest immortality
Upon thy brow.
Thy seasons, in their endless round
Of sunshine, tempest, calm, or blight,
Yet leave thee like an empress crown'd
With jewels bright.

Thy very storms are life to thee,
'Tis but a sleep thy seeming death ;
'We see thee wake in flower and tree
At spring's soft breath.
We view the ruin of our youth,
Decay's wan trace on all we cherish;
But thou, in thine unfailing truth,
Canst never perish.

BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY.

This is an excellent Number of Bentley. There is not
a paper in it but what is considerably above the average
standard of usual magazine literature. Albert Smith
o. pens the number with the "Marchioness of Brinvilliers."
The.presentaidpters describe most graphically the cir-
cumstances. attending her flight from Paris after the
discovery of. the casket of poison at the house of St.
Croix, and the pursuit after her by the officers of jus-
tice. The gaol chaplain continues his reminiscences,
and D. Canter gives us the seventh of his amusing " Out-
pourings." The present, from which we extract the fol-
lowing anecdote, relates almost solely to poor Power:-
- "On entering the drawing-room in King-street one
morning; I found Power fighting the air furiously with the
poker. Dubious of his sanity, I paused on the threshold.
"' Oh! come in,' cried he, laughing. Don't be afraid.
Pm only rehearsing.'
" ' llehearsing?'

" Yes; a little part I expect to be called on to play in the
course of• the morning. There's a fellow going about—some
reptile, belonging to a periodical just started, who's engaged
to write our biographies. He called on C— yesterday fur
hush-money, and I have no doubt he'll be at me. If I find
he means to attempt my ye, I mean to return the compli-
ment ; so I'm just getting my hand in a little—ha! ha! ha I

"It appeared that C- was at breakfast when a stranger
was announced.

Mr. C—, said the latter, I'm engaged to write
your life in the forthcoming number of The—. Now,
there are two ways of doing this. I can either write you up,
or—'

"' Or write me down, I suppose,' said C-.
"The stranger smiled, drew his chair closer, and whispered
something into C-'s ear.

" Gooii. Heavens!' exclaimed C—, turning pale, ' you
wouldn't tell that ! If it got into print just now, I should be
ruined—l ehould never be allowed to appear on the London
boards again !'

"Now',C— wag, is, and has always been, a highly re-
spectable man. But—

" 'Nemo mortalium omnibus horis sapit.'
There are passages in every man's life which, on the prin-
ciple of the three crows, may be represented to his prejudice.
The stranger's whisper referred to some youthful peccadillo,
venial enough is itself, but which C- saw, properly
vamped up and peppered, might ruin him in the present
state of public feeling, which, owing to circnmstance,s, hap-
pened, just at that precise period, to run strongly against the
stage and its professors.

I've no wish to injure you, or hurt your feelings,' re-
sumed the stranger; ' but my duty to the public—'
"' What's your price?' interrupted C—, who saw the
necessity of propitiating him. How much am Ito give you
to suppress

"'.Two hundred pounds!' returned the other, encouraged
by C-'s fears.
" The amount startled It recalled him to his
better self. He did now what he ought to have done
the moment he comprehended the motive of the man's visit
—ordered him out of the house, and refused to give him one
farthing.
C,--- mentioned the matter next morning to Sir Richard
Birnie, adding, I'd a great mind, Sir Richard, to have
ldciciad the rascal out.'

-46 4dn't you ?' exclaimed the indignant magistrate;
he'd. have got n 9 redress if he'd come to me.' "
It is to be hoped that, for the future, all those who may
be pestered by any of the money-extorting vermin, who
swarm like unclean things about the literary lower em-
pire, will follow the example of Power, and provide
themselves with a stout cudgel, and they may rely upon
it that there i.s not a magistrate on the bench who would
not, under similar cirewpStanees, be ready to follow the
example of Sir Richard Birnie. The subject of gaming
is tre4ted pf historically in a paper entitled Gaming,
Gaming-houses, send avnesters;, w*h s replete with
anecdotes of oeiebFittPi g4t4egers A!nd gaocting-places.
The " Unfinished PietutV is tialtittf4i rev, ig,
Charles Kenney, so delightful, that mil hope Mb
,z_

will soon dream again, and communicate the result to
Bentley. The remaining articles are all very amusing,
and as we commenced we conclude. This is an excellent
Number of Bentley.

THE NEW MONTHLY.
The present Number opens with a piquant sketch of
fashionable life, by Mrs. Gore, entitled " The Viscoun-
tess's Vision of the Royal Ball," and to this succeeds
" Lazy Corner," a translation from the Italian of Berni,
by Leigh Hunt. We are rejoiced to meet Leigh Hunt
once again, and to wander with him through the plea-
sant fiel !s of Italian poesy. His introduction to the
poem, which is from the 67th canto of Berni's " Orlando '
Inamarato,' is an amusing piece of gossiping criticism,
and the translation itself is delightfully executed, pre-
serving and transferring all the delicacy and wit of the
original. " Mr. Jolly Green," who promises to be
a glorious specimen of veriancy, gives us the
commencement of his travels and opinions. It is
an excellent beginning, and Mr. Jolly Green is the
man of all others to support the second title of this
periodical, " The Humorist." • " The Robertses on their
Travels," " The Privateer's Man," " The: Lights and
Shades of a Gentleman on Half-pay," the " Sketch of
Lords Stowell and Eldon," and James's novel of
"Beauchamp," are all continued. Oxenford contributes
an admirable translation from Jean Paul, and Thomas
Roscoe and Andrew Winter give us some very fair
samples of Magazine poetry. From a most amusing
paper on "Oracles," by Angus B. Reach, we extract the
following description of the modern substitutes for the
ancient Pythoness of Delphi, and the old oak of
Dodonia:—

" Oracles are generally plump, respectable-looking men—
rosy in the gills and glossy in the coat. They come into a
room as though they had just purchased the street, and ad-
dress you as though they really condescended to take some
little interest in 3 our welfare, considering you, on the whole,
as rather an intelligent kind of animal. You may always
know when yotiare in the company of an oracle, by having
all your facts controverted, and all your theories either
sneered at or anticipated. The oracle allows uo knowledge
but in himself—and after having with portly air and awful
sternness, as though all this world's philosophy and
than the mere vul„ar world's, lodged within him—assni(ne
hisclaims to the veneration of the company, he smiles er,""
placently, as though his mission in this world had been corn-
so far
accom,lished."

Bill, which, a century and a lia'f later, conferred equality of
social rights upon a long proscribed and persecuted portion of
the general community."
This special pleading has not even the defence of
novelty. It has been urged and argued by the personal
friends and servants of the last of the Stuarts, from
Pepys and Evelyn to the Jesuit pamphleteers of our own
times. It is only necessary to rurply one omission in
this plea to rebut and extinguish it. The vindictive dis-
position exercised by James, in 1687, in dismissing the
judges for refusing to rectgnise the " dispensing power"
he had assumed in 1686,- cannot, at any rate, be softened
down to " an attempt to carry out certain great principles
of civil and religious liberty." The royal mandate, too,
for the induction of a Popish priest into the mastership
of a Protestant college in a Protestant university, v, as
something very like an overt act to ju,tify and corrobo-
rate the " alleged eesigns" of the same infatuated King
" to subvert the Established Cl:urt 11 and reinstate Roman
Catholicism in its stead." The narrative portion of this
paper has singular merits. It is highly wrought, well
sustained, and gives us graphic portraits of the im-
moveable insensibility of George 1., and the sanguinary
brutality of the " butcher of Culloden," the Duke of
Cutnberland, as of' the unhappy James 11, and the Old
and the Young Pretenders. " Darby Duff, the Madman,"
is continued and concluded—a tale full of horrors, but of
thrillin,: interest. The three stanzas, entitled ' Ave
Maria," have certain!y never been equalled for their un-
mitigated " namby-pamby" and no meaning since the
" verses" ascribed by Pope's waggery to " A person of
quality." An "Analysis of Wit from .2Esop to Punch"
is drawn in this number to a close ;—a spirited and smart
affair, worthy of the subject; Here is a fine, fresh, gush-
ing pastoral by the Rev. J. Fitzgerald, quite an accept-
able supplement to the ve.ry late instalments of fine
weather, which, with all thankfulness, we have to ac-
knowledge at the commencement of October :
THE SONG OF THE SEASONS.
SPRING.
I breathe of the zephyr, so fresh and so cold,
And the crocus and primrose are shining in gold,
My skies full of sunshine, with byte-coloured wing,
With dew-drops are sprinkled, my rivulets sing,
All hail to thy glories, beautiful spring !
This is my lay,
Huzza! Huzza!

8 MULE R.
My glory is felt when the daylight awakes,
O'er valleys, hills, rivers, and beautiful lakes;
Then my zone flower-woven is gemmed with dew,
'While the roof of my temple is Heaven's own blue,
With the diamonds of midnight shining thro'.
This is my lay,
Huzza! Huzza!

AUTUMN'.
Hark ! hither I come, thro' thro' air,
O'er drooping boughs, with their golden hair,
To the song of the vintage and lay of the lute,
Ncw dances the corn, now blushes the fruit,
While valleys are vocal and cataracts shoot.
This is my lay,
Huzza! Iluzza !

WINTER.
I come with a spirit untouched by care,
Tho' Time and his breezes have thinned my hair;
Hearty, tho' cold, my vigour unbroke,
Like the time-honour'd boughs of my own old oak!
Thus Winter exclaim'd, and he sigh 'd as he spoke.
This is my lay,
Huzza! Huzza!
" The Countess Clemence" (by the e litor of Dolman's
Magazine) is continued through several chapters. " Re-
vival of Christian Art in Germany" is a renewed at-
tempt (on the folly of which we have already expressed
a strong opinion) to exalt the school and the
,produc-
dons of the Van Eycks and the Durers—the Giottos
and the Peruginos— above the school of Raffaelle espe-
cially, on the notable principle that the sublime artist of
Urbino has imparted too much of the material beauty
of form and refined elegance of sentiment of the best
ages of classical antiquity to his representations, not
alone of the Apostles and Martyrs, but of the Divine
Founder of the Christian faith and His sainted mother.
The hard Umbrian school of the Middle Ages, and the
fresco revivers of modern Germany, are to supplant in
our veneration and respect as Christian men, it seems,
the glorious " Materialism"—say, rather, the intellectual
inspiration of the Bolognese, or the Florentine and the
Venetian schools, since the Pontificates of Alexander
VI. and Pius 111., Julius 11. and Leo X. We are to
look coldly on the Titians, and the Guides, and the
Guercenos;—but we are to sing Te Deum for the
triumphs of a hundred " unkempt" Germans, who, since
Frederic Overbeck " first crossed the mountains" (like
another Hannibal) in 1809, and has since been followed
by Cornelius and Schad,,w, Schnorr, Vogel, Eggers,
and all the rest of the " Teutonic school" (God help
us!), whose disciples are to displace from their thrones
those incomparable masters of the art to whom the
civilised portion of the human family has rendered, and
continues to pay, the willing homage of its respect, and
admiration, and gratitude!—" Risum teneatis?"

TAIT'S MAGAZINE.
The English Opium-Eater has an article .on the
" Temperance Movement of Modern Times," and no
man could treat the subject better. He writes from
experience. Ile suffered grievously from the excessive
use of opium, and finally conquered a habit which he
aindvtihcee
ttehtenrpeefroarneceto
mtheiviseemethnzaterrnehde
feared hail become inveterate and uncontrollable ;—his
with
s tr
nbeatci
ekns
el i d n
arge
classed under nine different heads. In one of them he
says: —"I counsel the patient not to make the mistake
of supposing that his amendment will necessarily pro-
ceed continuously, or by equal increments because
this, which is a common notion, will certainly lead to
dangerous disappointments. How frequently I have
heard people encouraging a self-reformer by such lan-
language as this :—• When you have got over the
fourth day of abstinence, which suppose to be Sunday.
then Monday will find you a trifle better ; Tuesday
better still,—though still it should be only by a
trifle ; and so on. You may, at least, rely on never
going back ; you may assure yourself of having seen
the worst ; and the positive improvements, if trifles
separately, must soon gather into a sensible magni-
tude. This may be true in a case of short standing ;
but, as a general rule, it is perilously delu‘ive. On the
contrary, the line of progress, if exhibited in a geome-
trical construction, would describe an ascending path
upon the whole, but with frequent retrocessions into
descending curves,
which, compared with the point
of ascent that had been previovsly gained and
so vexatiously interrupted, would sometimes seem
deeper than the original point of starting. This
mortifying tendency I can report from experi-
ences many times repeated with regard to opium."
We recommend the entire treatise, however, to the
wavering disciples of Father Mathew. The critique on
Nelson's Dispatches is
well written, and possesses in-
terest. We may make the same remark on "Monastic
Studies, Jests, and Eccentricities ;" but the best article
in the number is on the " Present State of Politics," from '
which we give the subjoined extract. Speaking of Sir
Robert Peel, the writer says :
"His strength, now, is derived from two sources ;—the
one is the opinion in his favour, of a large and enlightened
section of the public.- This favour has been won by the evi-
dence which his conduct has afforded, as well of skill, as of a
regard to the governing spirit and increasing enlightenment
of the times in which we live. The other source of his
strength is the weakness of all other parties, and all other
partymen. Many have been the occasions during the two
last years, when, if the Whigs had not been utterly destroyed
in popular estimation, Sir Robert Peel would have been ex-
cluded from his office. Had the Whigs, in the year 1837,
magnanimously resigned, because unable to carry out their
views of what the necessities of the nation required, they
would have regained much of the reputation they had for-
feited, and would now have been able to appeal to a favoura-
ble people for their suffrages. But, as they chose to cling to
power while a shred of it remained, each day saw their wan-
ing consideration grow less, till the bright luminary of 1832
became extinct in 1841 ; and many are the revolutions and
changes, and long the time that must pass, before any section
of the Liberal party have acquired power and consideration
sufficient to enable them to seize upon the government of the
country. The Tory party, in the meanwhile, are divided,
weakened, and without any leader of ability to head them.
Were Sir Robert Peel to resign or be ousted to-morrow, one
month's Parliamentary campaign would utterly embroil all
parties, and every attempt to organise a stable administration
would prove abortive. The affairs of the country would in-
deed go on, by means of their inherent force and energy; but
all real advance would be seriously delayed, and the utmost
good that we could expect or hope would be, that no positive
calamity would occur ;—a fearful risk, when we consider what
is the condition of the world abroad, and that the peace of
Europe and the world may at any moment be seriously en-
dangered by the death of the King of the French, an old
though a vigorous man. These Considerations contribute
largely to the maintenance of Sir Robert Peel's influence.
We do not believe, indeed, that he can be ousted by any com-
bination of Tory forces; and, as we have already_ said, no
Whig administration is at this moment possible. Yet we can
well understand that many circumstances might occur to
place him in a minority; and thus, perhaps, induce him to
resign. A scramble would follow, honourable to no party,
and by no means beneficial to the public. Any retrograde
course cannot safely he adopted. If Sir Robert Peel, in the very
flush of victory, and with a large and obedient majority at his
command, found Tory rule impossible, we need not fear any
permanent establishment of such a dominion. Rash men
may attempt to fix such a yoke on the people ; but they will
quickly discover their own folly, and learn how wise and pru-
dent was the course of their wary predecessor. But this
mischief may be prevented by a steady adherence on thepart
of Sir Robert Peel to one set of principles and one line of
conduct. If his faith in the support of the enlightened public,
and reliance on their strength, should increase, it may be
hoped and expected that his course will become more uniform
and steady; that a wavering and somewhat tortuous direc-
tion wilt no longer detract from its merit, and render his
commercialbtit liberty,whieh
tenure of office precarious.At the present moment he is, in fact,
anenduneiates,
without a party; lie is Minister solely by necessity; and
all mere.party ties, and by guiding. himself entirely by those
annitrY? without con.
this necessity he may strengthen by separating himself from
unfortunately, he seldom consistently follows. He cannot,
o
indeed, nor can any
gwrheiacthpfrriot principles
time
ft civil, religious,
watching the conflicting opinions and
en ribgrio.oaudsfy
man, rule this
scantly and sedulously .
interests which pervade every part of our system. Something,
doubtless, must in most cuiws be yielded to compromise; but
such compromise ought not to ftsaaraa the character of pn.
nip who really desires to
tradlctory principles. i'Mo
and with Its • Pverll
this country, for its good, own enlightened
con-
sent, can safely hazard the contradiction involved in the pass-
ing of the Irish Colleges Bill,and the rejection of Mr. Ruther-
furd's proposednieasure. The repetition of such a proceeding
w¢Nld grayel3
r Compromise VW q.n,Y 41i4Ister, up
1— eQtabfisited, and must 11414* to itTeeritte
mat ter how gem ez. "• ' unstableof t '
on.foundatien. so as theseqf pre-.
pol)Tr reptiN
\Mit is really' eeded by 'Sir °be t
sent Aelniim4rgt!oa, ,
our onlightenment;
Peel i" 4°"ggiqs ` pppl
sincerely hope experience is Mtn th so uey is b 1 t
g
t
ne-
cessary quality for a really grea 'statesi

The Cruiser, 16, Commander Fanshawe, sailed from Singa-
pore, on the 15th ot-July; for a cruise.

-~~

~~~.

THE MINES of LAKE SUPERIOR.

(From the New York Trifune.)
From the south shore of Lake Superior, about half
way of its great length, stretches some fifty miles north-
ward a broad and rugged promontory, terminating in
Keewenaw (or ILecw( non) Point, near lat. 48 deg., or
almost in the centre of the lake. On the west
shore of this promontory, and not far from the Point,
is Copper Harbour, around which is the most ap-
proved mineral regie n of Lake Superior, stretching
westward some thirty or forty miles to the river
Ontonagon, the only considerable or navigable
stream in that quarter. This is not, of course, the full
extent of the mineral region ; for the great Copper
Rock itself was brought from a place notch farness- in-
land, on a branch of the Ontonagen, and promising veins
of ore are known to exist a hundred miles back from
the lake, on the summits of the Porcupine Mountains.
Silver is said to have been found in good veins near the
banks of the r hiZonagoe, some 30 to 50 miles inland
(where the strearn, Intel, g taken its last pitch, begins to
be navigable) ; N bile even gold is s tid to has-sr been
found on a lour lois coesiderahly east of Keewenaw
Point.
All these, however, are matters on which oar infor-
mation is imperfect, while our faith in some of them is
moderate. That there is silver ill this region, is intrin-
sically probable and_ sustained by much concurrent tes-
timony ; that it has yet been found in such quantities
and positions as to justify and reward the outlay required
to mine it, we do not know. The gold report reaches
us still more vaguely. Another season will probably
solve many doubts.
Rich as are the copper ores of many localities, it is
the safe presumption that all profitable milling for them
must for some time be confined to a narrow section bor-
dering the lake or approached by some of its bays and
inlets. This mend is too bulky in proportion to
its Talus to warrant a very extensive laud trens-
portanon in the crude form of the ore, while the
process of smelting it is so costly, tedious and
difficult, that we do not know where it is now
performed in this country. We understand that smelting
works are now in progress of erection near Boston,
at Pittsburgh, Pe., and on the Hudson near this
city, the last with more immediate reference to the
copper product of Cuba. Ilithcrto most of the copper
ores mined in this country have been smelted
in England. We trust this is now near its end.
The difficulties of milling copper, at any considerable
distance south of Lake Superior, can hardly be appre-
ciated by those not familiar with the country. The sur-
face is remarkably rugged and broken, often rising
steeply into hills from the very waters of the lake, with
higher hills close behind them, and so, interspersed
with swamps and morasses, back to the mountains
which part the tributaries of the Superior from
those of the Mississippi. The aspect is so
bleak (the latitude that of Quebec), and the soil so
sterile, that a settlement of it for any other than
mining purposes is out of the question. The millers of
the interior must make their own roads, where making
them is no holiday matter, and must purchase all their
forage, provisions, in a region where the price
of neither can be low. In due time, if the mineral re-
gion of Superior half justifies the sanguine expectations
it has awakened, there will be good roads and railroads
to all the richest developments. At present, those con-
siderably inland, if merely rf copper, must generally
remain undisturbed,. though shingled with permits, ex-
plorations, discoveries, leases, scrips, and sundries.
The mines now being worked are within a mile of the
lake, where its coast is, thickly dotted with harbours,
The shore is so bold and the harbours so sheltered that
vessels laden with provisions, implements, &c., have
safely run up within a few feet of the len I, put out a
plank and rolled their barrels and packages on to the
dry ground, while the streams all around (the Ontonas
gon alone excepted) so utterly forbid the idea of navi-
gation that not even a bark canoe can be forced up their
rocky and precipitous beds a hundred yards from the
lake, if at all. The timber on the coast is all pitch-pine,
white cedar, &c., but a mile inland generally commences
the hard-wood, consisting of sugar maple, &c. This
region is not heavily timbered.
We hear that one small propeller steam-boat has
already been launched on the lake, and another (the
.Julia Palmer) will soon be. This will bring the mining
region practically a week nearer the world, for the voy-
age from the Sault St. Marie to Copper Harbour (some
200 miles) is generally a tedious one in the small sail
vessels of Superior, against the habitual westerly winds
of that region. Though averaged at four or five days,
it has quite often taken treble five—its uncertainty being
a part of the mischief. Hereafter it will be made it
some twenty-four hours, or two days at farthest.

EXECUTION AT GENOA.
Went to the mole, wishing to see what preparations
had been made for the execution, but was refused ad-
mittance at the gates. I Jinn took a boat awl. went on
board the Emulous, an English schooner, lying near the
mole, and at a short distance from the gtilows. About
noon the two criinnals arrived on foot, escorted by a
procession of officers of Justice, ~oaks, and others,
with a banner, crucifix, &c. The gallows was very
low, and had no drop nor z'oige, but-astrtmg.wide ls.ddor
was placed against lhe cross-beam. The execu-
tioner was a tall, powerful man, very well anti
neatly dressed, with his hair n:cely arranged, appearing
somewhat like a respectable servant in half livery. Be
mounted the ladder first, ai:d one of the criminals, ap-
parently without any compulsion, followed behind hiss,
dressed in shabby, dirty clothes, with so asp or other
covering for his h.md (Sr face. Ilis arms wer.3 closely
pinioned to his side. When the executioner had at-
tached the halter, previously placed round the criminal's
neck, to the hook, with a sudden thrust, ke pushed him
off the ladder, arid supporting himself by the beam he
stood on the neck and shoulders of his victim, jumping,
stamping, and bending the head sideways as much as
possible, whila one or two assistants below pulled forci-
bly at his legs. . The wretched man appeared to be quite
dead in less than hale a minute.
The execution of the second criminal, wlo was treated
in the same manner, was a still more Lorrid spectacle,
for he was dragged up ;he ladder, st 4 by step, by main
force, by the execmiontr and his men ; and his terror
must have belt inereasud, if possible, by seeing the
ghastly corpse of his corn-onion dangling above. him,
In another minute he was himself a corpse hanging by
his side. A handsome well-fed priest then mounted the
ladder, and made a short address to the spectators,
exhorting theta (as I was informed, for I was at toe
great a•distance to hear his words) to take warning by
the fate of the criminals. Not more than 200 or 300
persons were admitted on the mole. The greater part of
the spectators were in boats, or in the vessels in the har-
bour, and among them all I could not see more than
about, twenty women, who were chiefly quite of the
lower orders. The assembly behaved quietly, but showed
great indifference, and even levity.
The bodies of the criminals remained on the gallows
till half-past five in the alternoon. and the spot was
visited by thousands. mole being open to the public
as usual. They were natives of Savona. They had
been notoriously bail characters, and one of them had
been a thief from the age of five years, at which time
he was in the habit of cutting off the leaden weights
from the fishermen's nets when they were spread out to
dry on the shore. The crime for which they suffered
was a murder of the worst description. They had gone
to the house of a priest in Genoa, and finding from the
servant that her master was out, and would not return
for some time, they murdered her by strangling her
with their own hands; after which they had brutally
disfigured the body. They had then plundered the
house of some plate and other articles of value. They
both made a confession of their guilt.
This method of executing crimitlats, though really
quite as humane as that adopted ir..-eugland,and perhaps
more so, appears very barbarous and uncivilised, and
the spectacle is rendered infinitely more horrid by the
face being exposed. Tice rolling
eyes, the protruded
tongue, the features, purple and distorted in the death
agony of strangulation, and with that hideous
expression upon them becoming gradually fixed
and rigid, form a spectacle, the horrors of
which can neither be described by those who have wit-
nessed it, nor conceived by those who have not. But
the advocates for capital punishments and public execu-
tions say that the example is useful in deterring others
from committing crime. If so, the Genoese are more
rational than the English, because, without increasing
the sufferings of the criminal, they make that example
as effective and horrible as possible. And the. ad-
dress of the priest, standing on the ladder by the side of
the scarcely lifeless bodies, and speaking to an assembler,r
every individual of which, however. depraved,
a short time at least, be in a serious mood, must,miglt.be
d impressive
made, if well managed, a
veryemnanaEn ye Witness.)
part of this dreadful ceremony.--(From .