The Sun.
London, England, 1844-06-20 00:00:00

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T
jtaiii ha in
O%IY I'l LLINGTON STATUE.
the statue and pedestal was 9,0001., the 1
tel:or hk'en given to the Committee by the Chan-
diti„_ of the Exciteo.ler, and valued at 1,5001, in ad-
to that amount. The money was raised by a
tole,use subscription after a meeting held at the Mansion-
'irll9 conigc't with Sir Francis Chantrey was
Ltturie ;1/4 tebruary, 1839, by the trustees, Sir Peter
atiall; JOhn Master:man, Mr. Arthur K. Barclay,
by 18;4 .".• L. Jones, the work to be completed and fixed
to'l(Ati Sir F. Ch.ntreN, at his death, leit the whole
iiet-plete, and also the head of the Duke, the full
work has since been completed by his assistant,
tt, :leeks, under the direction of the executors. There
still:eh apprehension, from the delay in delivering
iliC'es of the pedestal by the contractors, Messrs.
144 ultald and Leslie, that the statue could not have
11'0.,,,c,.°131Pleted on the anniversary of the battle of
d"Y`r't'o, and they were nut on the ground until mid-
,°llBaturday. Mr. Jackson, the contractor for the
Ihe34lxchange, then took the work in hand, and, by
miluost spirited exertions, succeeded in getting the
hr tiQ of the pi destal fixed, and the statue in its place,
%ethe'elling of Monday. The general opinion passed
tuuh. ';_e Pedestal during yesterday, was that it is much
itrti ign, and too plain, to do just:ce to the magnificent
the in the front of which it is placed.
feetklie statue itself is fourteen feet in height, from the
Dukt4i; The
gf the horse to the top of the head of the
Pt. _
pedestal on which it stands is of
the or the red granite of Aberdeenshire,. with
RtlitiitxceP %ion of the lower course, which is of grey
Itt„. the this pedestal is altogether fourteen feet high,
4he the t,-,tal height is exactly twenty-eight feet.
battitude or the horse is of the quiet charactelr
,keeeiv,,wris introduced by the great artist, and greatly
troliCt's the horse of the statue of George I
Nitot! the National Gallery. The costume of"the
the -
generally taken from that which he wore on
ltutrtent day of Waterloo, including his usual and re-
ktde military cloak.

The following
EXCHANGE.
t(?llowing is the last report sent in by Mr. Tite,
architecteot,. of the Royal Exchange, to the Joint Grand
Ittee
for Gresham Affairs:—
ARE.4.—The carving of the various en-
ndin and the stone-work generally is rapidly pro-
Sth • The fresco decoration to the ceiling of the
14:ntrance is finished, and that to the north entrance
,144,:erY forward state.
iliall„,ltB.—Subseription-room—The pricking up is all
It 6,114,- Lobby—The greater part of the bracketting
Illerei;sued, and the lathing has been begun. Com-
• tito—Above the cornice the plasterer's work,
q th
tti)ra e exception of filling in the various enrichments,
tti,Pleted; below the pricking up is finished. TheCap-
41'Equi• ~°()In has generally received one coat of plaster.
44(1t0..r°0m—The plastering to the lathing is finished,
.Tiv,,e Ceiling pricked up.
%der CAI FLOOR.—Very little remains to be done in
Nike: complete the rooms upon this floor, south of the
to ; on the other the plastering is finished, except
tttaztt, the room in the tower, but the matched linings
To to be fixed.
i'WE4r-The staircase leading to the clock chamber
ts
t 1 Place, and the inclosures for the works of the
alld chimes are finished. The workmen are fixing
t remainder of the lightning rod, under the direc-
ef
kut, "kr. Walker, so as to continue it down to the
and into the drains.
IttIiC:OPROPRIATED OFFICES.—The two-pair floor is
Ple•
tePl' One-pair Floor—All the plastering is corn-
' with the exception of the water .closets and the
tirlor-84e, Which last only- remains to be floated. The
Acrettire laid in the board-room, shipping offices, and
itoltittY's room, and commenced in the others.
• 'it EXCHANGE ASSURANCE.—Two-pair floor may
mat sidered as finished, as only some very trifling
ttrihi:s remain to be done. One-pair Floor—The plas-
lite to ali the floors is completed, and to the passage
111' s:t. -nR remains but the last coat. Both the staircases
kit) 413°1 1 ASSURANCE.—Two-pair Floor—This may he
"ha 'One-pair Floor—All the plea-
, red as completed.
Illtirelexcepting that to the passage, is finished. The
tlitC.rt st' the floors are laid in the governors' and
rt
(-4 ,ri,s.
• tittedlrtALLY.—The carved enrichments are being corn-
"ust Cienially, and the cleaning down of the west
58 been commenced.
IL---The works are all completed, and Mr. Dent
ul* thatthe compensation pendulum has been going
4eto-oriths, and that its performance is highly sails-
s:l4l7. In reply to my letter, urging that the clock
Ike be fixed without delay, he begs that the latest
llikirssible may be permitted him, because he is
144 us to avoid every chance of damp from the very
frotwki.lis of the tower in which it is to be placed,
tills recommendation I am induced to recommend
'4411 ill
1•
i'llittee to allow it to be postponed until the bells
been ad hung.
I,4ktirka• -",-..--The bells are all cast, and by Wednesday or
• /43' next they will be ready for the examination by
:ip "essor Taylor, as to their tone. As fast as he
• kCej of them they will be fixed in the tower.
"ork :'USTIC PAINTING.—I am happy to state that this
the„is Proceeding with great rapidity. 'i he ceiling on
1444° side very nearly completed, and that on the
..01.1.
l ofthe side is in great forwardness. There
Clether 28 or 29 artists and workmen employed
Ceilings,hathse exclusive of Mr. Sang himself ; about
4411;urds 01 tare Li-ennui's, and the rest are Eug-
-2 en
W. TUE.
fat
-'4Y, 1844.

- - -
L_NI 4;41 OF DR. HOPE, LATE- PROFESSOR or CLIE:
Rtlit,r-We regret. to announce the death of this
'',4,14-;,geetleni, who for nearly half a century has
~,'Neh""e chair of chemistry in Edinburgh University,
llt event occurred at his house in Moray-place. at
eisalt.. quarter past one o'clock in the morning of
:I°,4tieep
_last. Thehl) ctor's health had been failing
°lest few months, and on Friday
)1.7%
Current
during t
41p frol rienet, understand he was struck by pant-
, h severity"'e of which he never rallied. He
nearly completed the 77th year of his age.
.At
"'lfeen'se'of the winter session before last, he felt lifim-
-7ali„l4Pelled by increasing years to resign the prodes-
veou'Y Which he had so long and so ably idle .
k..T:it Record.
;v4l „,(IAGUE, JUNE 16.—The anniversary of tb
~,litet„"LjWaterloo was commemorated to-day (as theh.
tTee"."7,unday to the 18th) in all the churches of t
--"tireh"e /hair/ was performed in the Roman Catholic
(1911VA.LDSEN'S STATUE OY LORD BYRON.—It will
:e°ll
ected that a s:atsment appeared in the papers a
Ikti2c eince, to the effect that a statue of Lord Byron,
011;" by Thorwaldsen imported into this country
ste"' eat's binee, and deposited in the King'e warehousehe
Pflrti eurity, and whieh had never. been removed by the
*kb"' had been allowed to go to decay, or at all
.eve
PII44LtL4 ~.,t forthcoming. and that the executors, having ape:
;."1. it, and not having received a satisfactory r
ihmtell-ded to proceed against the Customs' authori
(7,001-1, London for the same, which was valued at
,4!
"" The facts of the ease are that the statue it
Was imported about ten years in two cases, one
tktsr,; a very large one, containing, it is supposed, the
tr.-4 sitt*posture, and were deposited in one of
the oudon Docks, and not in the
11:c4Wareheuse in Thames-street, as has been erro-
-101141 stated. *Very shortly after these cases were •
iiPQII uver to this couritry,.the proper duties were paid
o
rAtkNe
thee, it being the iniemion of the sculptor
at
elire 'to the auttioriti,e. of Westounetheer
'et, to be placed there as a national menument t
waft found, hoveever, that the
teki eubsequent y
,tke, t used to permit the statue of the author of Don
734 n 4„ deposited is that hallewed place. The con-
f,(elL'e has 'be n that the statue was never removed
:kke
.dock;, and ha remained ever since where it
„"Qouct,ginally deposited. The statement, therefore,
r'tine paelme.,:boing lost or destroyed is a fabricae
07141111 e—„", doubt, they will be delivered up by the Cons-
Lme to-„e,rB of Customs (or, more properly speaking, by
th :nn Dock Company, for immediately the proper
1:1 e paid upon packages warehoused at the docks,
INuice delivered out of charge of the Customs into the
teeii-ci,f tilt Company; until their dock charges, tQze.,
4eir satisfactory proof from the executors of
k4ee,, ettbg,nt to claim the same. It is believed that the
e. „-'s are not aware of the place where the pack-
-Noe, Ctl'e originally or are at present housed, but no
e will shortl receive a notification to that effect.
vereettritY and ideyntity of the packages has been dis-
.L'ct ev"11 consequence of an inquiry having been set pn
014,t1.13e Customs Board into the matter. It may be
tht r'eu as certain that the statue is in a state of. pey-
-vaieVe4ervatio as the case in which it is deposited is
,11114(1 !,.we ilkehne's in thickness, and has newer bee..n.dis:
net it was first brought to this country.—Morn
,Ad
-
t
-'qah 1:114,,N, I) RECOVERY or 2,0001.---0 a Saturday a
bil,r at '11;3", gentleman, lust arrived from Liverpool. put
—eD "'e Southampton Railway Hotel, Nine Elms,
ktkt 4tat
4htb.l7 to his leaving tewn for Southampton; bt
,4114 s" remembering that he had some trifling
t'uttlas-ns to transact in .dark-lane, City, he ch-
ile:l ben" waiter to call a cab, and he immedj-
kll, 11-16..eded thereto. On arriving at his destine-
I, he ,rer, to his great consternation and dia.
histopocket-book, in which be
004p0Tiseteyered that
the amount of about
ttt mbaok-notei3
instantly resumed his seat.
tt.4l444feelleh,,bandwisstiinagyig Ipcnen. isewilitthhea.c.abman an addi-
ti speed towards
1444,n.0t0 "",_ as back
u if . all thes
e things were against
11;_qa ti,r, horse twice fell. in his progress to
14,81tetla
onead when the antxhiotus gentleman arrived,
some seconds had
ed
before " great
%v.; What r. Howse, the
,paroprietor, could under-
13,ter, ne really meant. Mr, Howse rang for the
bj„ Thomas Wenham (but who is better known
ref necig; notnen of " Little Thomas* ), who, 12P,P11
esft a -Vig what was wanted, to the infinite
pocket, the gentleman, immediately produced th_
L'ltebei."°° k, with the notes (scarcely any of the
(>1 which, he acknowledged, were known
teta t.)4 mad other property perfectly correct ; and
ettie,l3 at, about three-quarters of an hour after the
ictoh underneath
had left the coffee-room, he found the pocket-
"ee 2tv!erneath the table at which the ge"lelnall had muttriniltng, althouvh several persons had been there
t;,,,Nat.re. The now overjoyed gentlemen pre-
.7tot f wadter with a 51. note, and an order upon his
5401°2" a full suit a clothes, promising also to do.
141."-7 more for him.
1114)7g TRADE.—In consequence of the strike,
itbal„ Lo have risen from 3s. 6d. to 4s. Per ton
`s'eek's
pries, The following are•the nominal
it 31. 10s. to 3/ Ps,; bars, 61. 10s. to
rods, 7L -beets, &c., 10/, 'co 104
thtt
..gozo
tiercad• os. to 81. ;
itlv
At ins ALL FOR THE WORKING CLASSES.— 1—`Cl
atb be,ldernWesttninster have it in contemplation to erect
.? to be called the Chartists' Hall, which is to be
*ft:, 01041 their instruction in science, literature, the tine
1%1'4104 4,B,°cial, and political economy, and also for the
-11 "
N children. It is, moreover, to have a news- I
SI

. _
.THE NEW POOR-LAW.
TREATMENT OF PARISH APPRENTICES.
A good deal of interest has been created among the
authorities of the Croydon Union on account of a reso-
lution recently come to by the magistrates of that divi-
vision, restricting the hours of labour of the poor boys
apprenticed by the union. The circumstances out of
which the resolution in question arose were these :—An
orphan boy had been sent out from the union on liking
to a master shoemaker in London, and, at the expiration
of' a certain period, the parties came before the bench for
the purpose of having the boy regularly bound. The
magistrates, not having any information afforded them
by the overseers, questioned the boy and his master,
when it appeared that on several occasions the lad had
been worked from seven o'clock in the morning until I
eleven or twelve at night, and that no regular period was
allowed for his meals or recreation, and the bench de-
clined
to bind the boy until some further information
was afforded, and Mr. Garraway, the acting overseer of
Mitcham, was appointed to make the necessary inqui-
ries, and, at the next -meeting of the bench, he
reported that the master bore a very good character,
and that, although it was true that the boy had on
some occasions been kept at work till eleven or twelve
at night, it was only on Saturdays, or when they were
very much pressed with work. The magistrates, Messrs.
Adams, Lucas, and Sutherland, on this occasion ex-
pressed their opinion, that from whatever cause it arose,
they were too many hours for a boy to work, and tkey
remarked that it would be like binding a boy to a state
of complete slavery ; and as they considered themselves
to be placed in the position of the guardians of poor per-
sons, and that it was their duty to protect them, they
would not consent to bind any poor boy as an apprentice,
unless under certain restrictions, and they eventually
came to a resolution that the hours of labour should be
from seven till seven in the summer, and eight till eight
in the winter, and that two hours of that period should
be allowed for meals ; and they directed that a covenant
to that effect should be inserted in the indenture before
they would sign it.
It appears that the person to whom the boy was
to be apprenticed refused to take the boy with
these conditions, and at -a subsequent meeting of the
bench, Mr. John Blake and several other gentlemen,
who are guardians of the union, waited upon the magis-
trates, and urged them to rescind their resolution, on
the ground, that if they did not the unien would not be
able to get rid of its poor boys, as no master could be
found who would take them upon such terms, and they
also said, that if the bench persisted in carrying out
their resolution, they considered the question of so much
importance that they should feel called upon to make a
special application to the Poor-law Commissioners upon
the subject. The magistrates upon this occasion de-
clined to make 'any alteration in their resolution, and the
matter stood over.
At the last meeting of the bench, Mr. John Drum-
mond attended professionally, on behalf of the parish
authorities of Mitcham, and went at great length into
the whole subject, contending that the magistrates, by
law, had no power to come to any such resolution as the
one above alluded to. He then cited the Act of Parlia-
ment under which the parish had the power of binding
boys apprentiCes, and read the preamble of it, which
commenced as follows :—" Whereas many grievances
have arisen by the binding of poor boys improper
persons, and at a great distance from their homes and
their parents,'-' &c.. and he argued that, when the
magistrates were informed that proper inquiries had
been made by the overseers, the signing of the inden-
ture was merely a magisterial act, and that they had no-
power to go into any of the details of the apprentice-
ship. He admitted that the magistrates had a discre-
tionary.power to inquire into the fitness of the party to
whom the apprentice was to be bound, but that it was
quite beyond their province . to restrict the hours of his
labour.
Mr. ADAMS intimated it to be his opinion that the
Legislature had made the u:agietrates parties to the binding
of parish apprentices, for the very purpose of protecting
those who probably had no relations or friends to pro-
tect them, and who were therefore likely to become vic-
tims to the cupidity of parish officers. The preamble of
the Act which referred to many grievanceses having
arisen by the binding of poor boys to improper persons,
confirmed this impression, and showed that the magis-
trates were empowered to inquire into all the circum-
stances of the party, and to take care that the
apprentice Was not in any manner ill-treated. In this
case not the least pains were taken by the overseers in
the first instance to ascertain how the boy had been
treated ; but he was brought there to be bound, as .a
matter of course, and it was only when the magistrates
felt it their duty to interfere, that the overseers went to
make inquiries, the result of which led to the passing of
the'resolution.
Mr. Drummond said he had no doubt the bench had
been actuated by the most humane motives, but he sub-
mitted the law did not give them the power to make
such a resolution. If the boy was over-worked or ill-
treated in any other manner he would have a remedy by
applying to the magistrates.
Mr. REID, the Chairman of the bench, expressed his
opinion that the bench had not the power to carry out
the resolution they had come to.
Mr. ADAMS said the magiStrates on the former occa•
sion had acted under the advice of their clerk, who was
their professional adviser, and he was quite prepared to
adhere to that resolution. if there was really a doubt,
whether the law gave them paver to make such a regu •
lation, it wuuld be necessary that they should consider
the point, or the parish might, if they pleased, apply for
a mandamus.
After some further discussion the bench took time to
consider the question, and in the meantime the matter
was ordered to stand over.

STATE OF TRADE.
(From the Manchester Guardian of yesterday.)
Owing to the non arrival of the usual German mail
yesterday morning, there was not quite so much demand
fur yarn as last week ; but the market continues very
firm and healthy. In the gootla market there is no ma-
terial change ; 40-inch shirtings are still in limited de-
mand, and rather lower in price, but printing cloth sells
freely, and at very firm prices. Domestics are steady,
with a rather better demand for the lower qualities.
ROCHDALE FLANNEL MARKET, MONDAY, JUNE 17.—
The flannel market has been more than usually brisk
to-day. Many of the large manufacturers, as well as
the merchants, have purchased freely at former prices.
There has been also a good demand for wool, which has
fully maintained the last week's prices.

Lord and Lady 'Villiers embarked yesterday, at
Blackwell Pier, on board the General Steam Navigation
Company's steam-ship ColUmbine; for Rotterdam.
It is intended to have a grand national meeting of
i
the Archers of Great Britain, n the city of York, during the
present summer. •
Tim CROWN PRINCE-OF DENMARK AT CULLODEN.
—His Royal Highness the Crown Prince arrived at the
Caledonian•Hotel here, on; the evening' a Wednesday
last, by the Glasgow steamer, unexpected 'even to his
own officers and suite, who did not look for his appear-
ance till next week. No preparations were, there-
fore, made for his reception ; but as soon as it was
known that his Royal Highness was safely housed in
our Highland capital, Prevost Sutherland waited upon
his Secretary, Count Reseia.tlow, and Captain Irmingen,
of the Danish frigate, now .at Cromarty, and ascertained
that, although the Prince had arranged to embark on
Thursday morning for the *Faroe Isles, he was still
must anxious; if possible, to visit the field of the battle
of CullOdeu, the spot on which the Highlanders of Scot-
land had so - nobly- and disinterestedly iwmortalised
"their attachment to. the • principle of loyalty. In con-
sentience,
,it was arranged that the magistrates should
.at,juiepae.y his Royal highness and suite. to Culloden
moor- yeiterday forenoon; which they did along with
a respectable cavalcade, which was joined on the ground
by Mr. Forbes, of Culloden, and Mr. Mclntosh, of Raig-
more, the proprie ors of the soil. Cull' den's piper was•
also in attendance, and pointed out the positions of the
contending armies on the 16th of April, 1746 ; while on
the muir, Mr. Forbei, of Culloden presented his Royal
Highness with some relies of the field, consisting of a
cannon-ball, and' a finely ornamented barrel of a pistol,
with which the Prince expressed himself highly gratified.
After minutely inspecting the gravea of the heroes who fell,
and the diaposi tions o fth e battle, his Royal Highness moved
on and inspected the sepulchral and religious monuments
of Clara (whether Danish or' Druidical is uncertain),
under the guidance of Mr: Anderson, Secretary to the
Northern Institution for the promotion of Science and
Litt nature. In these remains his Royal Highness eat,
pressed himself as peculiarly interested; especially from
their resemblance to similar antiquities in his own coun-
try ; and he was also nineh delighted' with the magnifi-
cent panorama of the Highland mountains of Inverness
and Rosi-shire, presented from the elevated ridge above
Culleden.-4nverness Herat/. ,
An iminansp steamer, to he named the Terrible,
and to be fitted With engines ef,Boo-horee power, is now
building at thedock-Yard; Deptford, She will be soon
ready fur Munching.
;ac;, MURDER AT QRAVESEND.—On Monday
afternoon, Mr, ewt§r, the Coroner for Kent, resumed and
concluded an inquiry, 1140 twice been adjourned, at the
Town Hall, High-street, Gravesend,"on the body of Elizabeth
Harwell, aged 35, who died from the effects of violent p gsgfl
towards her by a man named Thomas. Jurythe, with whom shend
cohabited. nr a POnairlerable time .past deceased a
Jury, who possesses mach property' in the above town, have
led a moat tlisticlute life, .re§ii.le4 I 4 Pcsild-street: The,
prisoner had been heard threatening deceaAel the 'night be-
fore her death, whlch.was canSed by A wou4 on the fn e_
head. -The jury returned a verdict of `‘ WilfulMnrder.
against Thomas Jury." The Coroner then made out his
rent for the committal of the accused, and in the course of
yesterday morning he was removed to Maidstone gaol.
LTRERMLIT ~--6` Y,, WANTED 4 CirOVRANEss.
Evangelical M_a may be seen the gagine—ln the
following adver-
tisement :—" wanted, a young-person-of decided pielY;
about twenty-two years .of: age, to take the charge
of and educate three children nnder. twelve yearli.
She must he capable of imparting a sound .Eng
fish -education; with - French -and. music.. Any one
who Would feel anxious .for the 'welfare of the
dren will be treated as' one of the faiOlib fi.n4 Ipay
realise the comforts. of a home. Salary, 111, per emPlio:l'
The pa tr.iot newspaper;,afier quetingtliiitsteralu ea
paitilfing'
°Pony;
animadverts .strpin abater irony ot the (
a' ; !°dl,4ef
olirrgno learned,.
del
ems tro
required, and the remuneration pr9Toised by the'very re-
liwous. and charitable advertiser. h
bbit3n6i'ffig°tuh4L'etw''PeithPeninPallgmolleadlZeEnnusitele'ref:'
tiser's children, all for :B{•' per I-TP*l sSprely there
must be some error here—may it not, hti,,,wc would
charitably ask, an error of the press in aceidentaiii-
opitting the 0 after the 8? If not, we
are utterly at
less "le dea4iihe the immeasuran.le meanness of the man,
or his ogrekip4s-foi pOvetplg his adi ernsetnent to
bp.answerederkf,(.broiliog.
in the 'Waterloo.flock, and
(PirplF-Ptst.wren.r.frOn 'Wednesday, the sth. inst.,
ship biflia burtbed
""ufen 6'1117'0 FliOlPfgP4 term'Pf.41)61.9
withintiv,- • ,--exar; Wen *44' tpc prOifitt?;
500 hiTsheacl6 the iSth instant
Dock for repairs, and by Wetuies, • ..,U1 Whiled
had taken a full-cargo ,for export on WO. .
next day.—Liverpool Courier '

GhAND WEEKLY

ANTI-CORN-LAW LEAGUE

MEETING

4T COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE.

The usual weekly meeting of the members, friends,
and supporters of the National Anti-Corn-law League
took place last evening at the Theatre Royal Covent-
Garden. The house was more crowded than it has
been on several recent occasions, and there was a very
full attendance of ladies in the boxes. The doors
were open at seven, and within ten minutes after the
boxes and pit were crammed, and before the com-
mencement of the proceedings the gallery* also was
completely occupied. At half -past seven o'clock G.
Wilson, Esq., the Chairman of the League, entered
the theatre, and was received with loud applause.
He was accompanied by several active members of the
League, among whom were Mr. Cobden, M.P., Mr.
Milner Gibson, M.P., Mr. Geo. Thompson, 'and Mr.
W. J. Fox, who were loudly cheered by: the meeting.
Among those present, we observed the following :
Benjamin Smith, Esq., M.P. ; the Rev. Thomas
Spencer, of Hinton Charterhouse, near Bath ; Col.
Tucker ; George Thompson, Esq.; Rev. Dr. Davis ;
Rev. Mr. Roberts, New Bedford, Massachusetts;
Professor Wright, Boston, United States ; Rev. Dr.
Jenkyn, Coward College ; Summers Harford, Esq. ;
William Felkin, Esq., F.L.S., S.P., &c.; Professor
Key ; General Briggs ; Rev, S. Edwards, Notting-
ham ; Ed. Wm. Gray, Esq., Newbury ; Messrs. John
Rawsthorne, of Manchester; Charles Mackay ; W.
D. Starling, Stourbrirlge ; J. D. Cummings, Thomas
Hoyle, Rochdale; Crew, Shelley Mouse, Essex ; H.
'Warland ; R. Palmer ; H. T. Stanton; John Moor,
Tutbury, Derbyshire ; Samuel Lucas ; W. A. Wil-
kinson ; J. P. Btirnard ; A. Bauer ; Frederick Far-
rand ; Sidney Kennedy ; P. A. Taylor ; Thomas
Carman ; J. Carlton ; T. Johnson, Sunderland;
Samuel Rogers, Isle of Man ; Duff, Isle of Man ;
Garrett, jun., Isle of Man; 'William Leaf; Press
Granger ; Oliver Wilcocks ; W. Thornborrow ; M.
Curtis, Manchester; J. Ridge ; Charles Cobby ;
George Dilly, Newbury ; J. Elkin ; John Wall ;
D. Jonassohn ; George IVood ; W. Geasin ; John
Howarth, Rochdale ; W. G. Thomson ; A. Thomson ;
Thomas Thornton.

The proceedings commenced by the CHAIRMAN
calling on the Secretary to read the minutes of the
preceding meeting, which, having been done, the
minutes were confirmed, on the motion of Mr. G.
THOMPSON, seconded by Mr. M. GIBSON, M.P.
The CHAIRMAN then came forward, and addressed
the meeting as follows :—Ladies and Gentlemen, we
are again assembled here to discuss the great and un-
redressed grievance of monopoly the parent of
scarcity, which still continues to weigh down our
industry—to express our hostility to its long continu-
ance, and the fixed purpose and determination of the
League to increase its efforts, if that be possible,
for its speedy and final overthrow.—(Loud cheers.)
Before we meet again in this place for the promotion
of the objects of free trade, our excellent friend, Mr.
Villiers, will have submitted this question to the con-
sideration and decision of the House of Co:ninons.—
(Cheers) I will not now stay to inquire as to the
probable manner in which the Members of the House
of Commons may treat that motion ; it is sufficient
for us to know, that after their election to Parliament
for the purpose of upholding and continuing monopoly,
the rank and file of the monopolists, who think it
right to sacrifice every interest of the coun-
try to their own, are not likely to make
any concessions now ; but we trust there
will come a time when, although the Mo-
nopolists now think that their lease is a long one,
this matter shall be' put an end to.—(Cheers.) In
the meanwhile, our endeavour is, by producing a
timely action on the constituencies, to prepare them,
when the proper time shall arrive, to vindicate their
own rights, and the rights of the industrious classes
of this country.—(Cheers.) Before I sit down, I have
to make an announcement with respect to a subject
which was some time ago brought under your notice
in this theatre—l mean the bazaar. It was originally
proposed that it should be held in the month of July.
We have, since that announcement was made, had
several applications from our friends, more especially
from our friends in the country, expressing a great
anxiety to furnish contributions to the bazaar, but
stating that the time was too limited to enable them
to do justice to the work which they had undertaken.
Now, as there is no pressing reason why the bazaar
should be immediately held, the Council of the League,
taking these representations into their consideration,
have come to the determination of postponing the
bazaar until the month of January, in the next year,
and I hope that by so doing we shall satisfy our
friends here as well as those friends who have sent us
up these representations from the country.—
(Loud cheers.) I have another announcement to
make with respect to an alteration in the proeeed-
legs of this meeting. It was originally announced in
the advertisement convening the meeting, that Dr.
Bowring, the Member for Bolton, would address
you; but, owing to other engagements, he is unable
to attend. But lam quite sure, that when I state
that Mr. Cobden will take his place—(Loud and long-
continued cheering, which drowned the remainder of
the sentence)—l will, then, without further pre-
face, introduce to you the Hon. Member for Stock-
port.—(Loud cheers.)
Mr. COBDEN, M.P., then came forward, and was
received with repeated bursts of cheering.—lt was
only within the last two hours that an announcement
had been made to him that Dr. Bowring, who had
proposed addressing the meeting that night, was un-
avoidably absent ; therefore he appeared before them
on that stage, to fill up the vacancy which had oc-
curred. Under these circumstances, he did not know
but that he might have found himself at a loss for
some topic on which to address them, were it not
that the 'question of free trade was so prominent
everywhere, that each week turned up some
new topic, or some new phase of an old topic, so as to
invest the question with new interest. Last week,
they had had two discussions in the House of Coin-
mons—(Cheers and laughter)—and if party spirit
had not elbowed poor political economy aside, those
discussions must have been made the school for the
instruction of the public mind on a subject which
was but little understood—he meant the subject of
differential duties, Unfortunately, however, many
Members, on both sides, were possessed of am idea
that, instead of being merely a question of a duty of
4s. a cwt. on sugar, it was a question of place, and
power, and patronage, and the question had conse-
quendy been discussed with mutual recriminations
and invectives. Retrospective attacks were made
upon the past conduct of parties, extending back as
far as 1835. Those who were in feared they should
have to go out, and those whose were out manifested
only one anxiety, and that was to get the others out
and themselves in.—(Cheers.) Now, that meeting
was a pretty large school, and he would endeavour to
give them a little instruction on the subject which
was really the topic which ought to have been dis-
cussed before the House of Commons the other night,
although other and less important matters, as he
thought, had superseded it in the discussion there, to
the great disadvantage of the public interest. He
wanted the public to understand the meaning of dif-
ferential duties, and he would give them an illustra-
tration which, he thought, would enable any child
there to understand the subject so completely, that it
might go home and explain to its grandpapa what
was the meaning of differential duties. Ile would sup-
pose a certain number of market - gardeners
holding a limited surface of land—say the
parish of Hammersmith, for instance. Sup-
pose the market - gardeners of Hammersmith
proceeded to the Duke of Bedford, who was the pro-
prietor of Covent-garden Market, and induced him to
lay a duty of 10s. a load on all other cahbages brought
into the market except " Hammersmith cabbages,"
including, of course, Battersea among the places,
excluded. Now what would be the consequence of
this ? As the parish of Hammersmith did not raise
as many cabbages as the people of the metropolis re-
quired to eat, the effect w ould be that the market-
gardeners of Hammersmith would hold back their
supply until they could get the same price for their
cabbages as the Battersea people got, who had to pay
an additional 10s. to the Duke for permission to bring
their cabbages into the market. What would be the
effect ? The Duke would receive 10s a load upon all
the Battersea cabbages, while the Hammersmith gar-
deners would get 10s. a load extra for their cab-
bages, which they would put into their own
pockets, the publip paying the 10s. extra
for both.—(Cheers.) Suppose the Duke wanted more
revenue, and still wishing to favour the Hammersmith
c abbage-growers, put a duty of 10s. a load upon
Hammersmith cabbages, and raised the duty upon.
the Battersea cabbages to 20s. What would be the
effect of this change ? The Hammersmith people,
would hold back until they got the same price as
the Battersea people, so that they would still put
10s. into their pocket. How would that affect the

public ? They would have to pay 20s. upon all
cabbages; the Puke would get 20s. upon Battersea
cabbages, and I.os. upon Tippipprsmith cabbages,
while the Hammersmith people would pocket another
10s. But the Hammersmith people, having had a
taste of monopoly, wanted a little more of the same,
but thoy considered that it would not be expe-
dient to go to the puke anti as him to
put a higher duty upon Battersea cabbages ;
but they raised the ell of ." cheap cabbages,"
and said' to him tf echice our dlity of Ips, to 14,3 and
leave the duty nn Battersea cabbages -as it is now i",
and having raised this cry on patriotic grounds they
would go to Lord John Russell and ask him to in-
terest tiiself with hie brother? the. puke of Bedford,
to help them to it out.--(Cheers.) lf they
phangrd the word "Cabbage for the word " Sugar"
t - nen
Ow would have ilfultratipii of the motion
which had befit niade by heir 014 iippo42 te
West India planters. Thio Ciovornmerit brought

forvvard a measurecfor
.g the duty on foreign
sugar at 345. a cwt. of al
kinds, not refined; and 245.
on colonial sugar; that
10s.a cwt. extra or is, they give to the colonists
all they brought to market,
seeing that in the case of the Hammer-
smith cabbage -growers they could not sell
one onncQ 'Of sugar until they could get the same
price for it that was given for Java sugar, which paid
10s. extra duty. Now, taking the animal import of
sugar frcrin the colonies at 4,000,000 cwt. annu-
ally, that would give them 2,000,0001. sterling at the
lowest as protection, as they called it—monopoly, as
he called it—and that was what the Government pro-
posed to give the West India planters. Those who,
with him, advocated free trade principles in that
House had brought forward a motion for equalizing
the sugar duties—that all sugars, without distinction
of the country in which they were produced, should
pay the same duty to the Queen. That was a ques-
tion which had not excited any great party or poli-
tical interest. The free-traders had the best
of the argument, as he thought, though their oppo-
nents beat them in the votes. Another amendment''
proposed was Mr. Miles's proposition, which was :.to
charge 20s. a cwt. on colonial sugar; 30s. a cwt. on.;
certain descriptions of foreign sugar, but he intro•
duced a third line of distinction, which was not in-
troduced in the Government measure. According to
the Government measure, all foreign sugar, without
distinction of quality, was charged the same duty;
but according to Mr. Miles's proposition, all white
clayed sugar, or sugar of a quality equivalent to white
clayed, was charged a duty of 345. a cwt. He had been
told that a great number of people in that enlightened
metropolis believed that the free-traders were wrong
in resisting Mr. Miles's amendment. In the first
place, its origin was suspicious, but he would not
judge it by that. The West Indians complained
to Sir Robert Peel that they did not re-
ceive protection enough, and yet there were
some . people _gullable enough to believe that they
would propose for themselves a less protection than
Sir Robert Peel would give them. The 4s. redue-
tion of duty on colonial sugar was o-i all' colonial
sugar; the 4s. • reduction on foreign sugar was
only a reduction on a certain description of
foreign sugar. Now, the free traders were de-
sirous of ascertaining what description of sugar was
affected by this exceptional duty of 345. Men not
conversant with the trade were unfit to judge of those
matters, and they had gone into the City to inquire
what clayed sugars really were; and they thought
they could not do better, whilst they were consulting
refiners and importers, than consult one of their oldest
and truest friends, who had been the chairman of
Lord John Russell's and Mr. Pattison's Committees
—he meant Mr. Travers.—(Loud cheers.) He be.
lieved Mr. Travers' was one of the largest wholesale
dealers in sugar in the country ; and not being him-,
• self a colonial proprietor, but simply intfire3ted in
the distribution of sugar, his interest was identical
with that 'of the consumer. He had received a
letter from Mr. Travers on this 'subject, which he
would read to the meeting. It was these in words ;--
ff My WAR SIII,-,-.1 repeat to yeal, Without heetation,
that the practical effect of Mr. Miles's amendment upon
the proposed sugar duties will be to establish a differ=
ential duty of 14s. per cwt. in favour of colonial sugars,
as against three-fourths, at least, of the foreign sugar
named for borne eltignmPtinli in November next. • Java
sugar, which will yield much more than half-of this
additional supply, is wholly clayed, and its lower qualities
are, in substance (or the amount of saccherine matter
contained in them), more than equivalent' to the
white clayed of many other countries, whicb, in com-
parison, are often weak and worthless. The same
remark will also apply to a portion of the China and
Manilla sugars, though the latter are not clayed at all.
" Then, again, as to the terms brown clayed' and
white clayed,' it is impossible to draw a line of distinc-
tion in which any two parties, whose Interests are
opposed to each other, agree. There is, between these
two extremes, 'every shade and variety 'of 'brown
white' and white brown, and, thus, the disputes of
the importer and the Government officer will prove
endless, terminating, however, there is no doubt, in all
eases, in favour of the revenue, and the imposition of
the higher duty, unless, indeed, there is any fraud or
collusion between parties in favour of the lower duty,
which would, of course, operate to the injury of the
fair trader.

"Both in the substance and colour of sugar there
exists, in fact, as to the value, no point of fixed or gene-
ral argument. The real substance of sugar can only be
determined by -frequent experiment and real practical
experience on the part of the refiners; and the value of
colour is a thing generally settled between buyer and
seller—caprice of the moment—the colour itself varying
with every light to which it is subjected.
"If the Government intend a differential duty of
only 10s. per cwt. between colonial and foreign sugar,
Mr. Miles's amendment will not answer the object. In
the absence of fraud, the colonial interest may be
benefited by it to the extent of 4s. per cwt., but it will
be just so much out of the pocket of the cons:mien
"I am, my dear Sir, faithfully yours,
" JOHN THAVERS.

" Swithin's-lane, June .17, 1844."
He had received letters to the same effect from
Messrs. Thornton and West, Messrs. Goodhart, John
and Henry Taylor, Mr. Peter Martineau, and Mr.
John Davis. He had no hesitation in saying that
that motion was a trap to catch unwary free-traders.
—(Hear, hear.) He did not charge Mr. Miles with
originating it, or with being an accomplice in the
trick, but he believed that it had been got up in
Mincing-lane by those who understood well what
they were about, and who thought the free-traders in
the House of Commons would be caught by their
superficial contrivance. The effect of the duty on
colonial sugar being reduced from 245. to 205., while
the great bulk of foreign sugar was only admitted at
a duty of 345, would. give 14s. as a protecting duty
to the colonial interest, instead of 10s., as was pro-
posed by the Government plan. There were some
unwary people, who said, if they got sugar cheaper,
what mattered it if the colonial interest got a little
advantage too. The free-traders denied that sugar
would be rendered any cheaper by the reduction of
the duty on colonial sugar. The 4s. would be trans-
ferred from the revenue into the pockets of
the monopolists; and 45., on two million hun-
dred weight of colonial sugar, amounted to
800,0001., which would be annually taken from the
revenue, and which the people would, have to make
up in some other shape. The public and the revenue
were in the same boat—the monopolists were in the
other boat. If that sum were- thus abstracted from the
revenue for the benefit of the colonial interest, they
would have to pay it in some other form. It was
through the absorption of the revenue that ought to
go to Queen Victoria, by the monopolists of this
country, that they had to pay the income-tax already.
—(Loud cheers.) What was this mean amount they
proposed to transfer to the pockets of the monopolists ?
They said it was a small sum. A duty of 41s. on
4,000,000 cwt.—which was what the monopolists
wanted—amounted to 800,0001. per annum, and that
in capital would purchase what was equal to
20,000,0001.; and the proposition of the Lion. Member
for Bristol would take from the pockets of the people
of this country another 20,000,0001., and put it into
the pockets of the monopolists.—(Cheers.) He had
stated these things because he perceived there were
good friends of his whose chins were not long enough,
and who were liable to be gulled by this trick.—
(Laughter.) He told' them that the reduction of
the duty on colonial sugar would not reduce the
price to the consumer one farthing, and as they
were told that a future period, probably next year,
there would be a great change in the sugar duties—
for Sir H. Peel put a hypothetical case with regard
to the reduction of the colonial duty to 165., and the
reduction of the duty on foreign sugar in a corres-
ponding proportion —it should be their business to
understand what differential duties were, and if they
could once make the people understand that, no Mi-
nister would dire to come down and make such a pro-
position.—(Hear, hear.) Now, he told them that if
the Government were to take off the whole of the
duty on colonial sugar to-morrow, they would not,
have sugar one farthing cheaper than they had it
now.-s(Hear, hear.) The only way to reduce the
price of sugar was to increase the supply of it in the
market, if the power of consumption remained the
same.—(Hear, hear.) If the whole of the 245. duty
were taken off, it would only be putting the whole
of the amount derived from the duty by the revenue
into the pockets of the monopolists.—(Hear, hear.)
'rake off 4s. or ss. from it, and they would have an-
other income-tax.—(Hear, hear.) If they could
only have the public well informed on the sub-
ject, they would soon get rid of the gross
fraud of differential duties. The proposition.
of the Hon. Member for Bristol was neither more
nor less than to take so much irons the pockets of the
people and give it to the landed owners of Jamaica.
—Wear, hear.) When the colonists came forward
an
,proposed protection as a remedy for their griev-
ances, they should see whether it was a system which
worked well for the colonists even themselves. Se-
veral gentlemen. in the House of Commons almost
cried over their distresses and the distress of those
connected with them, because their property was of
e
no value. But it should be recollected that those
ddiusttyreossi6s4hsa„ppewnheicdhwhen amountedthey w
to re
aproteeted by a
prohibition of
foreign sugar.--(Hear, hear.) If such a duty did
not cnable them to bring on their business, did it not
argue that they were on A wrong task altogether—
(Hear, hear)—and that a systeni which was beyond
all doubt injurious to the consumers; was not ever,
beneficial to those for whose benefit it Nylw intended ?
They all4d, tlAerefofe, get on a new tack. His Hon.
Friend the Member. for Manchester (Mr. M. Gib-
son) put the question on its right fgoting, when ha
said that when they Were COW-oil to vote supplies
for the drown they should not vote supplies to the
monopolists, but that having voted the supplies to her
Majesty, the West India interest, unlit to coals.
forward with their claims, which would be
voted separately, if they were entitled to any.
—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") But befow t hey
yotO them, Opt should firq.e inquire xylleqier 00
managed their Koper.ties, in the 'best ssay.—(Hear,
hear) They should do as people did when 4.debtor

came before them ; that is, inquire into his habits, and
see if he leadconducted his business with_ skill with
economy.. They should adopt the ,same plan towards
the West India preprietors. He (Mr, Cobden)
crossed the Atlantic ten years ago with a gentleman
who had travelled over all the sugar producing eoun•
tries of the globe, who told him that there was as
much difference between the mode of cultivating
West India land and manufacturing its sugar, and the
mode which other countries adopted who -had no
monopaly, as there was between the machinery and
management of one of the cotton-mills of this day as
compared with one twenty years ago.—(Hear, hear.)
Therefore, he said they ought to do away with the
rotten prop of protection, which .even made it impos-
sible for them to protect themselves. Let them, like
other men in this country, fight . their own battles.—
(Cheers.) Now, having told them what were the
grounds on which he had voted against the amend-
rnent of the lion. Member for Bristol the other night,
he would frankly confess that he was not aware of' the I
trap which had been laid on Friday morning 'I
till the motion came, for he had on Thursday made'
up his mind to vote in favour of the amendment. •
•hearted creature that he was, he thought that
something goad might come from the Hon. Member
for Bsistol —(Laughter.) He believed, in fact he'
had no doubt that a great number of free-traders, as'
earne-t as any in that theatre, who had voted with'
the Hon. Member for Bristol, did so under the mis-
apprehension
which would have caused him to vote'
for it on Thursday. But that could not shut their
eves to the fact that there were other parties in the!
House of Commons • who made this a party contest;
and the newspapers, organs of that party, were very.
much dissatisfied that the free-traders, who had any-
other objection than party or factious objects
(Cheers)—lid not join in carrying a worse measure
than the bad enough measure of Sir Robert Peel; and
by that means upset the political coach.—(Clieers.)'
He did not look on this contest as a party or political'
contest. Ile had never given a party vote in the'
House of Commons, and he hoped he never should.—'
(Cheers.) Ile would get the beit measure he could,
and he would never siipport a worse. measure when a
better was proposed to the House.—(Hear, bear.),
But if he were a politician, and disposed to'
look at the question as one of .party tactics, through`
Whig spectacles, he could see no wisdom in
those tactics. He had heard of a coalition, but what,
sort of a coalition ?—(Hear, hear.) He had heard'
many sensible men say, that there were 250 Mem-
bers on the Tory side, and 100 on the Whig side, bee .
tween whom there was very little difference ; and
who might now be sitting side by, side in the 'rouse
of Commons, if it were not for the difficulty of ad-!
justing the rival pretensions of opposite leaders.
What sort of coalition could there be between the
liberal and the ultra-bigots of monopoly ? Lord John
Russell with the Whigs, and Lord John Manners with
young Englgid, went out Into the same Now,;
ii faction dal not blind men, if they could look
beyond their noses, why should they not ask them
selves what good that would lead to, whither it would
lead them, even if successfiil ? The next vote they
name to'vvitli sireh ingredients, would put them in a
great ininoeityi and if ever Sir R. Peel resigned and
Lord J. Russell were sent for by the Queen tet take
office, he would probably edyise 'her Majesty to send
for Sir R. Voel, -for there was nobody else.—(A:
voice, " O'Connell.)—(Cheers.) With a majority of
90 or a 100 on a party question, could Sir R. peol
be dispossessed of office by such miserable maneeuvres
of the House Of commons ?-,(1-lear, hear.) If, indeed,
parties came to something within 10 or 20of each other,
then there would be an opening for party movements.
But, as he said before, with a majority of. 90 or 100
on the side of Sir Robert Peel, how could those tac-
ticians in the House of Commons put the Opposition
into power P—(No, no.) The way to get into power,
if Lord John Russell and the Whigs wanted it,
was not by joining the ultra-bigots of monopoly, bat
by working strongly out of doors, that he might be
strong within doors; and how could he increase his
power out of doors, but by an advance to free trade,
which indeed he professed to advocate in principle,
but which he did not carry out to its full extent? He
vas sorry to say, that such was the opinion of poli-
tical parties throughout the country, that his belief
was, that people cared very little for one party or the
other on the present question, and that there was very
little to choose between them. He should not be sure
prised that, for a ss. reduction per cwt. on the pro-
`ection to sugar, the public would sell either of them.
Now the League, at least aelar as ha was concerned,
was of neither of these political parties—neither the
Whigs nor the Tories were practical free-traders.
They had never a et heard a pledge, a distinct pledge,
from the leader of the Whigs, that he was prepared
to carry out the principle of free trade. They bad
plain declarations that the country was not satisfied.
When questions of free trade were brought forward,
there was always some plan to continue the pro-
tection on sugar, and some plan for protection
to corn, and till they could get one party or other to
stand up for free trade, and against all protections,
which were Mere robberies, he did not believe that
the League, as a League, would be acting with
wisdom or policy in identifying themselves with
either of them. Ills opinion was, that if isolated as a
party, the free trade party would be stronger in the
House of Commons, though not nominally greater,
than if it merged itself in the ranks of either party.—
(Cheers.) He saw an -utter chaos into which_politi-:
cal parties were falling. Hewes not sorry for at, be-
cause, give them a compact body of free traders, the:
more complication there was ,between the Whigs and
the Tories the sooner they would suooeed in carrying
their principles to a successful issue. The Hon.
Gentleman sat down amid loud cheers, but immedi-
ately afterwards came forward to correct a mistake
which he was told he 'had fallen into. He was told
he had calculated the reduction of 4s. on the colonial
duty upon 2,000,000 cwt. •of sugar. He should
have .calculated it upon 4,000,000, which was the
quantity imported from•the colonies, and this, he be-
lieved, would amount to 800,000/.
The Rev. TLIOMAS SPENCER, of Bath, then came
forward, and said he had listened with interest to
the address of Mr. Cobden, and was glad to find
that the party distinction of Whig and Tory was
about to be given up. He hoped another party •
would be founded upon their ruins, to be called the
Justice Party.—(Cheers.) He hoped also that
the-
newspapers would alter their course, and, instead of
writing articles on the poor-law and pauperism, to
excite the people, would write for truth. -He con-
fessed he felt diffident of his- own abilities.when he
found so many persons of high character differing
from him. He found that there were six or seven.
clergymen of the Church of England who voted for
the free .trade candidate in South Lancashire, while'
sixty or seventy recorded their votes on the other •
side. He was inclined to be of the opinion of Bishop
Butler, who said " that the greater part of mankind
did not think for • themselves.'- He was convinced
that many men were too indolent to labour with
their minds, though they might. do so with their body ;
and even reading was, with regard to some persons,
an ' act of idleness.—(Hear, hear.) Such persons
liked to have their work. done for. them. They left
their health in the doctor's hands,
,their property in
the lawyer's hands, and their souls in the par-
son's hands.—(Hear, hear.) The Seriptaire says
"Examine yourselves," but it was only when men
began to think and to distinguish what was right'
from what was wrong, that they would' succeed,
When men became informed, the League would do
more in a few weeks than it did now in so many
years. This was one reason to account for the fact
that the League had not made greater progress;
another reason was that men, who even might be
well informed on the subject, did not think
it necessary to act —they left it all to Mr. Cobden.--
(Loud cheers.) They left it :to their representatives
to speak their opinions; but it was the duty of each
man to act, and to spend his time and his money, as
though the successful cause depended npon his. own
exertions.—(Loud cheers.) Each man ShoUld say
that he would take the step which was right, though
other:, should neglect their duty, and, without doubt-
ing of the superintendence of Providence, he should-
act as if Providence would only assist the man who
should assist himself.—(Loud cheers.) Moreover, he.
besought of them not to follow names however high .
When they dethroned one Pope, they should 'not
follow another. If they cast off one Pope, they
followed another—some had their- Luther, their
Calvin, their Knox, and their Wesley. - them'
throw aside all'great names, and follow the
(Cheers.) What matter, though Clarkson be against
you, if truth
.be on your side ?—(Cheers.) Though
he was willing to,pay deference ,to the . opinions of
the majority, the minority were often•in the right ;
and in this case he thought he had even an advantage
over them, because what he advocated was the'
doctrine of the Scripture and the Prayer-book,
He was not going to allude to portions of that Prayer- 1
book to which he had alluded at. other* tirrieseand in
other places, namely, the
.prayer for' cheapness and
plenty, and the thanksgiving for it when' it _corneae
but to another portion of the Prayer-book, in refer-- -
ence to the right mode of action when a nation was in;
distress. At, that particular time, for instance, the
clergymen were reading the prayer for rain ; they had
had three months of dry weather, One farmer in his:
own parish had, in consequence, lost no less than Bi>.
horvieed pounds. Now, what the clergyman; sOuOt to-,
desire was comprised in the worde•-e- That we may
receive the fruits of the earth to our comfort and to.
.Q4l-lionatir;" and the meaning of the fruiti of the
earth being given to their comfort and to Glcicro
nour, was in other prayers 9;044 by the..worcY.
"cheapness and pletkty." This was the standard,
thyreforet . 14j, which every clergyman was to be.
guided.—(Hear, hear.) He had no faith in prayer,
eAcoepstiialsli,t,
Gwiayse
vesoritti:eityw. an
cur daily bread," and
,
laid iigt WQXk in order to obtain it, was a Man of very
email 4enze indeed. (Hear, hear.) He believld
was not an instance, throughout of Gods do•e
ing anything for wAn which ma .could 40 for him
•

self ; and this was a fact which he wished especially
I to impress upon the winds of all who respected that
book. When their Lord raised the dead they did not
find that he rolled away the stone, because that the
disciples could do. Again, when the dead was raised,
he did not do any more than utter the words,
" Loose him, and let him go," because all that was
needed was in the power of the disciples. When he
fed the multitude, he instructed Ms disciples to tell
'them to sit down on the grass, although the multiply-
ing of the bread was his own act ; whilst it was the
disciples who gathered up the fragments that nothing
might be lost, because the act was not beyond their
capacity. In every case where a needful thing was
beyond their own power, they had a right to ask for
Divine assistance, but when it was in their own
power they had no right to expect the assistance of
Pros idence, except in connection with their own ex-
' erlions.—(Cheers.) He would, then, appeal to the
clergy, and to Sir Robert Peel, as a Churchman,
whether the Prayer-book did not lay down, as a
foundation to be built upon, cheapness and plenty ?
(Hear, hear.) If it were a thing to be prayed for, it
was also a thing to be sought after. He would also:
appeal to Sir Robert Peel on the ground of his own
statement, that the proper rule for the State was that
the peoplo should buy in the cheapest market
and sell in the dearest. This, he said,
was truth in the abstract, this was right,
and it ought to have been the original basis of
their laws. But, then, he justified himself for not '
acting up to this principle by the circumstances in
which they found themselves in the present day.
Now, he was bound to offer up a prayer every Sunday
for that Parliament, of which he was so conspicuous a
Member, and a part of that prayer was to this effect :
—" That all things may be ordered and settled by
their endeavours upon the best and surest founda-
tion," which he acknowledged to be cheapness and
plenty, or free trade—" that peace and happiness,
truth-and justice, religion and piety, may be esta-
blished among us for all generatiions." Now, at pre-
sent they had anything but peace and happiness
amongst them, they had anything but prosperity.
Did not Sir Robert Peel, when he heard this prayer,
knew• that he himself was acting contrary to the
spirit of the Prayer-hook ?So long as he declined
going to the foundation, which was here described to
be " the best and the surest," the foundation of cheap-
ness and plenty, allowing men to buy and sell to the
best advantage, so long would he continue to act in
opposition to the Prayer-hook.—(Loud cheers.)
-He (Mr. S.) held free trade to be one of the rights
of man—a right of which nothing could deprive
him—a right to be exercised at all times, under all
circumstances, and by all nations.—(Cheers.) There
could be no case in which free trade ought to he in-
fringed upon ; it was the only sure foundation.
God had distributed his bounties amongst different
nations. Some climates were warmer and some
colder ; some possessed iron, some corn, some gold ;
all these things are diversified. When there was no
corn in Canaan there was corn in Egypt. It was
God's intention that men should enjoy the best of
what was produced in different parts of the earth, and
the object of the Christian religion, which was de-
clared to be " glory to God in the highest, peace on
earth, good will towards men," could never be carried
out until the ministers of religion advocated those
principles.—(Loud cheers.) He had before him the
testimony of one who was a very great man in his day,
and who had not long been dead ; he referred to Robert
Hall, the Baptist minister, He said, "If there is
any class of persons whose opinion on these ques-
tions is entitled to deference and respect, they are
undoubtedly political economists, men who have made
the sources o national wealth the principal object of
their inquiry ; and where will you find one, from
Adam Smith to the present time, who had not repro•
hated the interference of the Legislature with
the price of corn ? To say nothing of the
reasoning of that great philosopher, which is un-
answerable, common sense will tell us that taxes to
raise the price of such a commodity are unjust."
—(Cheers.) Now they were told that the free
trade which they advocated could hardly be carried
out in cases where the countries with which they
traded raised their produce by means of slave-labour.
He had no idea of altering a rule which had once
been established. If a man, for instance, had made
up his mind, from external and internal evidence of
the truth of the Bible, that it was a genuine and au-
thentic document, he was not afterwards to cavil at
any particular word which he might find in it. Every
science took for granted its axioms. Euclid began
with definitions and postulates. Newton, in his
" Principia," began with axioms and postulates ; and
if they began with these, they must not object to
anything which followed. Suppose they were not
yet acquainted with America; suppose they did not
yet know what were the practices of the inhabitants
of Brazil, and yet had come to the conclusion that
free trade was right—that every man should be al-
lowed to act upon this self-supporting, self-adjusting
principle, and be permitted to do the best
he could in the markets of the world, they
were not afterwards to alter their course be-
cause they found different circumstances in
different countries. They did not say " You shall
not trade with Russia because the Emperor has not
pleased me by his conduct to Poland ; you shall not
trade with another country because the inhabitants
are Mahomedans and idolaters, and therefore rob God
of the honour which is due to him ; or with another,
because it contains sieves." Was he to be answerable
for all these things ? The question was, did they
admit that free trade was right ? If they did, they
were not to be always departing from their principles.
—(Hear, hear.) He had been a member of the Anti-
Slavery Conventions for many years past ; and he had
always heard it contended that free labour would beat
slave labour. Yet some persons who had maintained
that for years, objected to the experiment being tried,
as though they had no faith in their own principles.—
(Cheers.) Under the old poor-law, he had seen far-
mers who preferred paying 9s. a-week to an indepen-
dent labourer to paying ss. for a pauper. The fact
was, that many a man was sustained by a feeling of
independence when he had an ulterior object in view ;
when it was in his power to lay by against sickness
arid old age, he would do a great deal more work than
either a pauper or a slave. But these persons said that
slaves were stolen, and therefore produce was
stolen. He could not quite see the correctness of
that inference. It did not follow that the earth on
which a man trod was stolen, because-the man who
cultivated it was stolen.—(Hear, bear.) But, sup-
posing the case to be as it was represented, the par-
ties convicted themselves of sin—they acknowledged
themselves to be the greatest criminals in the country.
If the argument were just, what was the guilt of the
man who used slave-grown cotton or tobacco? The
party who resorted to such reasoning condemned
himself.—(Cheers.) But then the reply would be,
perhaps, that two blacks could not make one white ;
the parties might say " Surely we are better than
you, if we do not use slave-grown sugar." He
thought that, so far from being better, they were
much worse. Scripture said that he who offended in
one point was guilty in all. These parties admitted
that they offended in one point. They (the Anti-
Corn-law party) did not admit their own guilt.
They were guilty, therefore, of encouraging slavery
by wilfully using slave-grown cotton, by wilfully
making slave-grown tobacco, and by wilfully taking
up their noses slave-grown snuff. lie had told per-
sons of this class that the very money which they had
in their pockets might be brought in evidence against
them. He felt convinced, however, that the Master
whom they served did not wish them to tremble
at every step, lest they should happen to touch slave-
grown produce. The Government were under a
mistake, therefore, in allowing this consideration to-
weigh with them ; and he was convinced 'that some
of them in their own minds knew better, but they
did not like to:offend the feeling which pervaded the
minds of many good men in this country. When-
ever charity or pity influenced the mind, instead of
Justice, it led men into all kinds of blunders. The
Bible did not put charity for justice ; it first said,
" Do justly," and then " love mercy."—(Hear, hear.)
Let everything be upright, honest, fair, and equitable
—let them do what was right, and then, if they had
the means and the opportunity of exhibiting their
generosity, let them do so. But true charity was
not that which arose out of poor-rates or church-rates
--it was not the charity of the State, but that which
came out of a man's own pocket. He would tell
them a case of charity which had come to his know-
ledge yesterday. An excellent gentleman, with
whom he was travelling from Bristol, told him that
about thirty years ago a gentleman was travelling in
a coach in a stormy night in winter. Outside of this
coach were a soldier's wife and child, _ ex-
posed to the pelting rain and a very
"., keen
wind. Hearing that the child was
al-
though the journey was a long one, h
changed places with the woman and child,e immediately
and bore
the pitiless storm for hours, whilst the mother and
child travelled inside.—(Loud cheers.)' This gen-
tleman was a noble free trader, and his name was
Radnor.—(lmmense cheering, which 'lasted for up-
wards of a minute, the majority of the company
rising.) He said to the gentleman who related to
him the anecdote, " I wonder whether Lord Radnor
would recollect the circumstance if you were to tell
ofit." The reply was, " I know of scores of things
of that kind, which, when mentioned to his Lordship,
he had entirely forgotten.—(Cheers.) That was
another mark of a noble mind.—(Hear, hear.) Now
what he wished to impress upon them was, that if
there was distress in the country they should not
resort to the modern system of' patching, and mend-
ing, and tinkering, but go to the fountain-head'of the
misery, And try to remove its cause. It was better
to spend 51. in removing the cause of misery, destis
tution, and vice, than 5001. in keeping men comfort-
-able in their wreteliedness. Now he would just state
to thg4 the views which, on the previous Sunday, it
~fißciUen his business to bring before his congregation.
If he were wrong, it was the Church which made
him wrong. In 044 a the psalms of the afternoon


Iservice he read, respecting misery and distress
" How long will ye judge unjustly, and accept the
persons of the wicked ? Defend the poor and father-
less ; do justice to the afflicted and needy !" It was
not the mere giving of charity, which was meant by
doing justice to the afflicted and needy. Then, in
the next verse, were the words " Deliver the poor and
needy, rid them out of the hands of the wicked."
This was what the free trade movement was intended
to effect. He found another command, which it was
very necessary to remember, at a time when religion
was so much in fashion, and when numbers thought
it sinful to interfere with the affairs of the world—
" Is it such a fast that I have chosen a day' fora man
to afflict his soul ? Is not this the fast that I have
chosen, to loose the bonds of wickedness, to undo the
heavy burdens, to let the oppressed go free,
and to
break every yoke?" It was in the breaking of the
yoke, then, and in the undoing of heavy burdens,
that religion chiefly consisted. In another part of Scrip-
tyre, he found a description which might be almost li--
terally applied to the state of society now existing in
this country, in which the great majority of the people
were hardly able to get bread and water, while a few
I were growing enormously rich by the very burdens
of the State. This was the description to which he
referred. " Now, thus saith the Lord of Hosts, con-
sider your ways ; ye have sown much and bring in
little; ye eat, but ye have not enough; ye drink, but
ye are not filled with drink ; ve clothe, hut there
is none warm ; and ye that earneth wages earneth
wages to put in a bag with holes." . This was exactly
the case at the present day. The Chancellor of the
Exchequer made a great number of holes in the bag
of the State. After the description thus given and
thus applicable to the state of England, it was again
repeated—" Thus saith the Lord of Hosts, consider
your ways l" It was because the people did not con-
eider ; it was because they did not reflect on the effect of
the presentjstate of things, if they continued, that they
mere badly governed.--(Hear, hear.) There could
be no tyranny where there were free spirits ; there
could be no bad laws where the people were wise.—
(Hear, hear.) They could not bribe a virtuous man ;
they could not make drunken at an election
a sober man—(Hear, hear)--they could not in-
timidate a noble man. It was, therefore, purely the
hult of the people that the laws and the taxes of the
country were in their present state. Reform must
begin with' the people. They must enlighten the
public mind--they must excite greater generosity,
and teach every man to promote his own interests
without injuring those of his fellow-men. He should
not trespass much longer on their patience. When-
ever he had talked to the farmers on the subject of
the corn-laws, he had found that their greatest diffi-
culty arose from the existence of the national debt.
It was said that free trade might be all very well if
they had no national debt, but that whilst that existed
it would be impossible for the farmers, with-
out the corn-laws, to compete with the foreigners.
Now, in the first place, he thought it was very hard,
after leading the country into war, to make it the
means of oppressing the people. But be contended
that it was, in fact, no argument at all. He would
suppose the case of two rival shopkeepers, one of
whom had a mortgage upon his property, whilst that
of the other was free from incumbrance. Would the
man whose property was mortgaged be justified in
seeking to establish a monopoly ? Should he not
rather exert himself the more in his business, and
endeavour to get more custom, in order to pay off his
mortgage ? He had no doubt that if free trade were ,
extended, the national debt would he felt as a very light
burden. It would ultimately be paid off, and great care
weuld be taken notto incur a similar burden in future.
With respect to the complaints of the farmers, of the
national debt, the manufacturers and shopkeepers
were subjected to it also—all paid it ; and if paying
it was a title to protection. all ought to he protected.
The argument drawn from the national debt was of
no weight at all ; if it was an argument, it was one
rather in favour of free trade than otherwise—(Hear,
hear)—and the more the subject was discussed the
more shameful would it appear for men to stand up
in Parliament, or elsewhere, and advocate local and
selfish interests. He hoped they should not hear them
say, as they had lately heard their), in Parliament,
say, because the planters in the \Vest Indies had
been ruined they must ruin England also. He
hoped they would remember that they were
sent to Parliament to represent the interests
of the nation at large, and not merely their own
pockets,
or their own individul interest. He hoped
that a time would come when men would be ashamed
to deceive one another in this way; yet he was sorry
to say, in the neighbourhood where he resided, at-
tempts of intimidation were going on in a large way.
He had known petitions against the corn-laws taken
into a village by the butler or head servant of the
great house, and placed before, not only those who
were in favour of the corn-laws, but those who op-
posed them, and these latter were dared to refuse to
sign them.—(Shame.) Some were at once directed
to sign them ; others were reasoned with, and all
kinds of appeal made to their interest ; but in some
cases those appeals had been unsuccessful.—(Cheers.)
That was noble conduct in those who remained
true to their principles ; but it was a shameful
thing on the part of wealth and power to place men
in such a position.—(Cheers.) The League, he
hoped, would always use different means, so that in
gaining a good cause they might say they had gained
it by righteous means.—(Cheers.)
On the Rev. Gentleman resuming his seat, some
confusion occurred, in consequence of an individual
in the pit standing on one of the seats, and requesting
to be allowed to address a few words to the meeting.
llis name was said to be Dwaine. The cries of
" Turn him out," " Order," and " Chair," continued
for some minutes.

The CHAIRMAN, having obtained silence, said they
could not depart from their rule of presenting the
gentlemen announced to speak in the regular order;
and, if the interruption should be persisted in, he
should feel it his duty to preserve to the audience
that order and convenience which had prevailed at all
their meetings. He announced Mr. W. J. Fox as
the next speaker.
Mr. W. J. Fox then came forward; he was re-
ceived with warm and continued acclamations. He
said the motion for the repeal of the corn-laws, which
Mr. Villiers would propose on Tuesday next in the
House of Commons, marked the completion of another
year of the League agitation ; it was a time at which
to note the indications of the progress which their
cause was making, and the rate at which it had ad-
vanced. The result of that motion would be a kind
of " taking stock" in the House of Commons—(Hear,
hear)—and exhibiting, in the first instance, how the
free trade cause stood as compared with last year.
He confessed he had no very large anticipations as to
this portion of the review ; he was well acquainted
with that prayer for the House of Commons which had
been so emphatically and soundly explained to them
that evening. But however frequently, in some quar-
ters, or however earnestly that prayer might be offered
up, he was afraid it would he as unavailing as the pro.
position made about two or three weeks since in a
country village, where the farmers were suffering
very much from drought, that the clergyman would
put up a prayer for rain. He consulted an old farmer
in the village, and wanted to know what his view
of the matter was, and whether he coincided
with the rest of the parishioners. Why,
Master Parson, said the old farmer, in my
opinion it is no use praying for rain as long as
the wind holds in the north-east I—(Laughter and
cheers.) He (Mr. Fox) feared that the prayers of
the Church for the House of Commons would be of
as little use in leading to the settlement of this ques-
tion on the foundation of truth and justice, as lonras
the prevailing wind of that region came from the
bitter and biting quarter of monopoly.—(Cheere.)
lie could hope but little, on a question between a
class interest and the public, from a House of Com-
mons as at present class constructed, and even class-
elected. The disease was in its own very vitals, and
there must be a regeneration of the Legislative
body before they could hope for justice, to say
nothing of charity, to the suffering millions from
those who were at present the arbiters of their des-
tinies.—(Cheers.) There were other symptoms which
must lead them to moderate their expectations of the
approaching debate and division on this question. He
confessed he should not be at all surprised if their
strength should appear less even, instead of more, than
it was on the former occasions ; and he should be by
any such phenomenon ;" for
no means disheartened by
whenever the Whig party got a glimpse of office,
they found that phrases and notions which had been
thought obsolete by the progress of the controversy,
were revived again ; and in the recent conflicting
events that had taken place, as soon as in the Legisla-
ture there was any such chance of upsetting a rival
party and returning to place, they perceived that the
doctrine of a fixed duty re-appeared in the Whig
newspapers. They had a perfect right to revive it
assuredly ; they had a perfect right to dig a corpse
out of the earth, if the earth belonged to them ; but
they had no right to push that corpse among living
beings, and say, here, this is one of you, and has a right
to share your functions and enjoy a portion of your
privileges !—(Cheers.) Logically, and in the public
estimation, the fixed duty was dead and buried, and
rotten and forgotten, and it only re-appeared upon
the stage because there seemed to be some slight
opening to a certain Parliamentary party, which
occupies a better position than it did erewhile.
for a return to place. Now, with a fixed duty ea
well as a sliding scale, this League waged inextin-
guishable warfare.--(Cheers.) The hostility to their
principle was as great in one case as the other. They
could no more compromise with the bread-tax in one
form than they could in the other. They abjured
them both. They were only different phases of the
intercepting of the bounty of Providence in its way
to minister to human enjoyment. And they had a
yet further objection to the fixed duty doctrine,
which rendered it more and more obnoxious ; that
obection was, that a fixed ditty tended to di-
vi.a the interest of the class possessing capital