The Sun.
London, England, 1817-01-25 00:00:00

'CO\E'LIkiNTS Or Di TRESS.

Ai we have had O.ticaslon to kiio;v thht Dr
•
S'roboatt-r's article in Therorrespoirdent' has at-
t'ra'cted particular attention in quarters where • ke
hest informatiOti prevails in 'respect to such aid).
jeets, %ve•with pleasure resume our .eittracti from
that pet formanee, 0:11. Iteadvs Brill leineiriber,
that the passages cited in our Paper of the 16th
related ta e'rt 41. seci-delital and 4emporary cankesj
of embarrassment, such as the' alarm produced
aitoptg the agtieulturd interest -by the importa-
tioti itreMiririlsl4, autl.the ekceSslve specula-
,,
ift es.,:nmereial etpo.'tt doting that and the
tollo.shlg year.. To altese the %Yr-irer adds
thiA, natiVly, the te3sation War-(Armand,
:which, in the year just terminated, peodifeed it di-
minution Of expenditure, in die three. services
(army, miry, and ordnance), as compared with '
ISI4, of not less thanliZ millions sterling. Af-
ter stating these fats CV itlrclearness And accuracy,
he thus proceeds :--
causes of embarrassment Which' I hav'e
hitherto mentioned May be 'said to be accidental
or temporary. I come to others more ra,lically
ihherea in our system. Of these, one Which hat
hit ,
hcriu *eat Wile ittverted to results IMO th
very nature of mechanical imprtivernent: The
first effect of machinery is to displace a certain
quantity of manual labour ; but as it at the same
time produces the manufactured article cheaper,
it extends the demand, and thus not only re-ab-
sorbs the labour before displaced, but occupies an
additional, number of hands, in producing a fresh
supply ; until at length the demand ceasing to
enlarge itself, while the machinery is still going
on, t mann facturer becomes averlmrthened with,
his stock and is lorce(I to suspend his undertak-
ings., leaving the workman to find support as he
cart. In this country an immense capital* had
been invested in machinery ; the owners were very
unwilling to put an, entire Stop to their opera-
tions ; .and.manyof them continued to work at
a loss, rather than to inetir a ruinous destruction
of their IlUiChillefy by flistoe.

" This evil was the more fatal where the fowl•
dation of the building, if I may so speak, was in-
secnre—wheresanguinespirits bad been prompted,
by the facility of oh t 4„ credit, to erect cotton
mills, without a reasonable prospect of stile ; to
dig mines which could not pay for wot king, awl
to throw away money on the cultivation of moors
which mild penduce nothing but kiting crops.

It w.a% ‘,4irso still, where a temporary success
had erieiptraged tlu, projectors to belitse that their.
gains would be perpetual ; had jostified them,
they thought, in living op to the, hounds of on
income in its nature temporary ; and had enabled
them to obtain unlimited credit front their monied
neighbours, dazzle" like themselves by the golden
prospects which imagination. described and cre-
dulity listened to.
,‘ Where the operative manager of a great con-
cern findi enough to do in the production of his
commodities, he is easily perstcoled to employ a
middle ratan, who offers to take upon hiMself the
tronbk ot finding a market for their disposal.—
In this manner arose the great commission houses
of :14amdtgo,, sthi_ch drew to themselves vast quart-
thiesOf all„kitids of prOdocts, gave a mimtentary
stimulus to the country trade, occasioned a rise
of wages •to the workmen, and coded, in top
many instances, by ruining both themselves and

their employers. .
" A failure iu.the usual employments of indus-
try thrOws the supertlaons hands out of work,
and dhninishes the wages of those who are etiti-
tinuFd in employ. These evils form our greatest
immediate pressure at the present moment : and
they are !weighty, in proportion to the rapidity
With which We had previously, advanced in po-
pulation. They are aggravnted, in England
and Wales, by the ()iteration of the. Poor Laws,
which
:itave tended to increase the nunbcrs, with-
out improving themorwls. of that elms of society ;
and they are augmented, throughout the United
Kingdom, by the oil corns( anee, that so large a
port of the army awl diary has bean disbanded at
the very Moment when tbcre hits was a falling off
in Our aivieulture andmanufuthrea. .The num-
.
bens of .men who arc able and willitati to work,
but can find no employment, must produce tiarge
increase of pauperism, meudieity,
,and Vagrattey
while the; higher and middle. rvtlts, ;beittg strait.
:ened in their eircumatances, cannot afford. that
eharitable 'relief
.10;6 is prompted by' theit in-

ekinations.,
44 Add to this, that the war has made a large
atlilit ion t lie 11110)11110 soriu-
ty which,
,*II. sod), stihsist Ml the talmetr of
othi4s. The persons to :whom I nllucie, ate
-stockholders, -and pensionl4l Of
varforti sorts, including the orphans, widows,
anti relatives of men, who have fallen in the
holiest of . collies, or employed the lAbour, of
their lives in' the service' of their country. The

wealth, tlie talents, t'he Mood, Which have Itert
deVetted to our yiresertron; coostitOte sacred
debts, which we most pay. Tlie nati.otal honour
is 'no pure to hesitate at their discharge, in full;
Gat still theitiMist be reckoned among the bur-
thens which ithpette 'is, in Struggiing 'with our
prisent
" In a healthy order 'Of things, while the po-
pulation Meets the laborir, the labour is kept in
Mot ion by tan ittlVtittifte callitiii, circidating within
the ItingdoM ; besides which there is a reserve
tund, far supplying the inevitable .necessities
'each rlass of and thOse an the
Itittlic are balanced by tholle wha live on the past.
But with ii', at piesent, this sitintary distribution
of pinfterty is deranged in various ways. I babe
already spoken of the internal derangement ; be-
sides which, large.payments hive been in ide, out
of the 'country, to foreign stockholders. It would
appear froth the accounts of exemption's under the
Property tloit *above tivo Milhous sterling
must haye been thus paid in the year 1814 for
the dividends exempted in .1813 amounted .to
G 97 austve.ring, at 5 per cent.,.l6 .t citllital
of 13,941,5201., and in 1814 only'to
answering to a capital of 12,535,560f.`; conte-
gnently in the
,Mtter year a money-capiial of-
-1,405 Mar/. must have been sold out, which added
to the dividend of 18:14, makes. 2,032,738'.!." The
mots reinitte'o travelr•s:
,
lineot
may, think. be modyritiely estimated at
three millions sterlVig, anriug the -twelvemonth
immediately succeeding your Monareb's second
restoration. Your Grace: will probably ask,, how
it is potsible to reconcile a drain of 'Wye millions
sterling, in Money, with ai course of exchanges()
favourable to Erfglandits has fur some time past
existed: 1 can only answer by referring you to
what I have stated of the anroUnt of ohr exports
to mark'efs airCadSr'gintted. In those markets
British mutintacture's have been sold so roiV, as to
tempt even poverty to 'purchase ; whilst, our cm,.
barrAssnients ut home having greatly lessened Our
imports, the halauee of Commercial payments 'IRS
been mitre than those tire millions in our favour;
and it is upon that balance. that the, cOrnie of ex-
change hinges, as a practie,ll maw* very clearly
stated to our Mullion Committee ifs 1810, although
he w'as not so fortunate as to obtain their assent
to the proposition.t
• " It must not be forgotten, that the evil effects
of all 014 causes of distre,,,s, to which 1 halve
varied, is extremely aggravated by the StAte 01
moral and political feeling, which the war has
nourished. tVar iv au unnatural state for nations,
a 4 it is for holialOals; It diVtlrts attentitm front
domes,ie to fineign In our case, h has oc-
casioned a releowi police, and an alartning pro-
gression of crimes ; anal beside, it hits Iva the
revolts( ioutiry leaven Still sulpii+tint, and rashly to
fermunt, at every moment. There is a party in
England, as there is in every other part of Ku-
rope, which will never pardon the re-estahlisii-
ment of lakVfol government in France ; because
Mutt event is incompatible with the reptitation and
•power, which they till hope to enitry, by the tri-
umph of revolutionary principles.",
IV rite iigontoe MM. which diStingitist;o. the ttatiek in
rhe CurrezPolottol, out the meam of eradicanog toentlicity,
denote, as we have every reason to believe, tlo.:
MATIIIEv ate NioSrmonENeY,
Ldo well tioown in Park for the
Wad which he takes in the prontotiun and direction of many
eliAritable

• " Mr. Greffulhe.

t " The committee, on:the contrary, alopte l a thrnretic,il
principle„which it would he ditheult to reconcile With 'the
recent exchanges. Then• Words are, That the difference of.
' exchange resulting front the state of trade and rayments he-
' tweet two countries, iS limited by the extience of Cutlveyilic
and inswing the precious metals frot►t one country to aim-
' titer.'---' The truth of this position,' say URI, is so plain,
' and it is so uniformly agreed to by all the practical autho-
rities, that your committee will 'assume it a$ indisputable:—
N.ow the pound note hats fur a long time past proditeed
England:: ;Mil 2-30 tokens, intrinsically worth, in French
silver, (1.4 francs; and yet the exchange has hecit as high as
ia trams: liec it would follow, on the indisputable win-
eiples of the Bullion Committee, that the espcnce of convey-
ing mid inswing 19i francs from Calais to Du►zr was • six
francs and a half, or above :la' per cent. !!!"

Two Otllces are opened for the pnblication, of
'' The Literary Oazette, itod Journal of the
Belles Lettres," oiie ut 159, Strand, the 'other ac
50, Conduit-street. The First Number published
Oda Day colt aitii; 'tinning other articles
" August:in Writers and Edinburgh Reviewers,
ti Deft:live of the Classic Age of English
tore. Plan of a Litet'ary Com2ress fur the lot-
erovement of Science and Civilization, by :he
AbI,C Gregoire, with Observations by air Charles
Morgan. Letters from London (Sat Tra.
s'els of the Prioress of ‘Vales—Oeulogical Tour
Of Leopold You Batch Itichter'lTravels 14typt.
itdd Nnbia—Vrogress of Literature in the United
States --Reviews of FrankliO's Cot respondence—.
aod Narrative tat Residence in lirlgium, with a
Visit- to the Fief(' of Wsterluo—Correspotidence
of David Home, with the Countess tie llonflikets
relative to his history, and that of Robertson,
Ilioghiphical Memoir ot the late Captain 'fuckey
-,-Aneedotes of Lull! John
Townshend, ete.—Original Porry—Essayson the
DIAIII4, Fine Arts,. dec. &c."

DAII1X1; 13vu0t.4ttv.4,-11n Saul ay evening, as
Mrs. 11,01asti, ttt Viarrlot.vreet, Meeklenhnegh.
S(VIA' W 44 to l!Cr daught•r, there per-
illeir appearance and demanded their
money they ran up stairs, and u I,lc followed by
the itsiceres; Their safety win promised on their
remaining quiet, end stating wheiv 'the property
could he found. The t4lithell theu rattocked 'he
hou.e, and tnA away 271. in not Mr 4.
H. 'foul reteieed “2 it dividend IirsZAVCO4,
portable articles to tile alitoutit of about 1144. This
robbery wut effected doting chapel 'hike between
4i'Vt'n unil eight o'clock ; the thieves got in at the
hack kitchen window, and they, ftioened the la.
eonAlstitig of Airs. ii. her daughter, atilt
servant-maid, in an upper room before they left
,the house.