The Sun.
London, England, 1817-08-12 00:00:00

DIED.

On the 3d inst. at Salisbury, Mrs.lVyndham, vxife of Henry
Penruddoeke Wyndham, Esq. late Member for the County of
Wilts.

On Saturday last, at. Blackheath, after a short illness, aged
14, Joseph, second son of Mr. Samuel Hancock, of Breath
street-hill.

On the Bth instant, at the age of 73, near London, the Right
Hon. Henri Benedict Jules de Betizy, Lord Bishop of Uztes
in France.

On snnday morning last, at four o'clock, in Upper Berke-
ley-street, Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. William Grey, fourth
son of the late, and 'brother of the present Earl Grey.
On Saturday, at Hampstead, in his tith year, George WO-
liam, only sou of the late Major George Wright, of the Hon.
East-India Cowpony.

TO. TIE EDITOR OF THE SUN..

.dagrest 7.

SlR,—Strict justice to the public renders it ne-
cessary that my sentiments and views should be
fully and fairly before it, prior to the meeting to
he held at the City of London Tavern, at Twelve
o'clock on Thursday next, the 14th instant. Your
early insertion, therefore; of the following, will
confer a favour on, Sir, your obliged,

49, Charlotte-street, Portland-place. ROBT. OVVEN.-

A SKETCEL

OF SOME OF THE ERRORS AND EVILS ARISING FROM
THE PAST AND PRESENT STATR OF SOCIETY, WITH

AN EXPLANATION

OF SOME OF THE PECULIAR ADVANTAGES TO BE

nrtuvrn FROM THE ARRANGEMENT OF TETE UN-

EMPLOYED WORKING CLASSES INTO " AGRICUL-

TURAL AND MANUFACTURING VILLAGES OF
UNITY AND MUTUAL CO-OPERATION," LIMITED
TO A POPULATION OF FROM 500 TO 1,500

PERSONS.

To enable the public more easily to comprehend the sub-
ject, it is necessary to begin with first principles. .
The object of all human exertiOns is to be happy.
Happiness cannot he attained, enjoyed, and secured,
unless all men possess health, real knowledge, and wealth.
Hitherto health and real knowledge have been negleetc:d
for the attainment of wealth, and other' exclusive individual
objects; but whieh, when acquired, ,even .in the greatest
profusion, have been, and ever •ill be, found to destroy
happitiess

The world is now saturated with wealth—with inexhaustible
means of still increasing itand yet misery abounds .! Such
at this moment is the actual state of human society. No ar-
rangement, proceeding from a defined intention to attain an
object of desire, could be worse devised than.that which is,
now in practice, throughout all the nations of the earth. Im-
mense, invaluable energies, competent with ease to pi ocure
every thing beneficial to humanity, lie waste, or are so mis-
directed as to defeat the object of all their wishes.
The world, however, is now amply supplied with the means
to stop the current of human
.folly; to call those dorniant
powers into action, and to give a .right straight forward di-
rection to all the energies of man:

The means are Wanted to give health, real knowledge, and
wealth, to all men.
The means around us, are at our instant disposal, and exist
in a supei guity of abundance; yet the great mass of the
world is in the depth of ignorance, without the comforts •of
life; a large proportion of them ate in want of a sufficiency of
food, subject to every privation, and are to be found at this
hour in the midst of almost inconceivable distress and
wretchedness,

Is the change then from the one state to the other difficult?
Are there any insurmountable Obstacles in the way, to
prevent the accomplishment of that which is so desirable ?
On the contrary, cxtr :ordinary as' it may seem, the change
will be most easy. No difficulty or obStacle of magnitude
will be found in the whole progress. THE WORLD knowi.
AND feels .THE eXISTING EVILS : IT WILL. LOOK AT THE NEW

ORDER OP THINGS • PROPOSED-,--,APPROVE--=WILL THE

CIA G£--AND IT IS DONE.

`•'ho, or :what, shall now prevent Man from being well-
trained, instructed,' and productively employed ? Who or
what shall now.Trevent him from.being so trained, instruct-
ed, and employed; amidst everycomfort and enjoyment, when
it.shall be proyed_ even to demonstration, that all, without a
single exception, shall be essentially benefited by the
Change -
To proceed systeMatically in the subject, it is necessary
here to state what man is 1.1 nature ; what he has been made
by the previous circumstances which have surrounded him;.
and afterwards to show what he may be Made by surrounding
him with new circumstances, all of which are now at the con-
trout of society.
Man, then, is born with combined propensities and qua-'
differing in degree of power, and in combination,
cient to create, through life, individuality and distinctness
of person and character.
But however much the poWer and combination of these
propensities and qualities may differ in individuals at birth,
they may be all so directed by subsequent circumstances as to
be made to form general characters; and theie characters to
be of any—of the most opposite nature—even to be made en-
tirely irratiorial, or rational.
The progress .shall now be slightly traced, as well as the
means; by which the first has been completery effected ; and
a hasty sketch shall also be given, by which the last may,
with equal certainty, be accomplished.

In every known region of the earth, up to the present hour,
man has been compelled from infancy to receive the peculiar
notions of some sect, some classy some party, and of some
country. In consequence; each individual has been sur-
rounded by four dense atmospheres of error and prejudice,
and through which he must look at every object around him.
These mental atmospheres vary materially in different coun-
tries ; but in all they are so dense, that (as every object
must be observed through them) each object becomes dis-
torted oi indistinct; none of them in any country, or by a
single individual, can yet be seen .in their just proportions
and in consequence, nature has hitherto been hidden from

Throughout all past agcs, a limited number of individuals,
on various spots of the earth, have been surrounded with at-
mospheres, the shades of which have been more or less4dif-
ferently combined from all the other atmospheres, and each
of these combinations has presented to the individual, within
its influence, a particular distortion of all the objects of na-
ture peculiar to itself. When individuals, thus differently'
surrounded, happen to meet and converse together, they soon
discover that they do not see objects alike; and wholly uncon-
scious of the real cause of difference between them, an oppo-
sition of feeling, as well as of seeing,
.is created ; extending
from a slight, degree of dislike, to anger, hatred, revenge
death, and destruction, in every form and shape. Hence,
from differences of ()Pinion on notions of sect, arise the evils
and miseries of human life, which, more than all the other at-
mospheres, of class, party, and of country, has in every age
separated man from man, and made him a degraded and
wretched iseing.
The several atmospheres of class have also created various
feelings of strong separation, among men, and have essen-
tially tended to increase their irrationality and their mi-
sery.

The atmospheres of party and of country have been equally
injurious ; they hare, even until now, compelhid man to re-
main a stranger to his fellows.
A combination of every conceivable degree of ignorance

,cratncss, and ine.►nsistency, bad been the natural con3e2
quence of rata's actions during such a state of existence

All the past and present institutinas•of the world are a proof
of the ever changing insanityltiith wt►ich the human mind has

beets enveloped.

The.resuit of cacti change, under these circumstances, has
disqppoicted the fondest hopes, and the most sauguirr! ex-
pectations; and while the circumstances are permi. ted to re-
ma in, folly alone will expect any other result from any change
whatever, hut their entire removal. •

Happiness i., not one jot nearer the grasp of a,sia?;le. indi-
vidual now, than it was at the period when we have the first
records of man. Born in ignorance, he imagined first, and.
he hhs ever since been systematically taught, thA he liimse!f
created, the motives for his own actions : his mind has been
formed on this base; it has been, and is nriw, the very foun-
dation of his thoughts ; it has been combined into all the as-
sociations of his ideas,-and only doubt, disorder, and confu-
sion of intellect could follow !

It was truly said, that before man could be wise and happy,
his mind " Must be-born again" that is, it• nst be discharged.
of all theinconsistent associations •which have been formed
within it; the foundation must be laid anew, and a super-
structure raised of just and useful proportions, consistent in
each and in all its parts; and such as shall please, gratify,
and delight the eye of all beholders ; that shall bear the test
of the most scientific investigations 7 that, through all future
ages, shall satisfy each mind us it advances, well train•!d and
formed, to maturity, that it i 4 the abode of happinessproce, d-
ing from correct conduct, under the guidance of the best in-
telligence and the soundest wisdom !
Man is 'born in ignorance, and from his birth be is sur-
rounded with the errors of. some stet, some class, frequently
of some party, and always of some country. • • •
He is consequently rendered ignorant of himself, of his fel-

low creatures, and of nature.
The seeds of .disunion and separation are deeply and ex-
tensively sown during infancy and childhood

He is individnalized, and niade, openly or. covertly, to op

pose evert other human-being.
His natural wishes are to press onward towards happiness,
hut he is strofigly and successfully opposed by the multitudes
around him, and by the ignorantly devised institutions of
society.

As he advances to youth and manhood, the'soilinto Which
the seeds of 'disunion, and separation have been put, is culti-
vated with the greatest care, and every conceivable means
are adopted to cherish the plants, ensure their growth, and
iecure a plentiful crop.

• Such care and culture cannot fail of success ; opposition to
his natural feelings, and to all his exertions to attain happi-
ness, brings forth in due time an abundant harveAk of discon-
tent, dislikes, displeasure, anger, hatred, revenge, and of all
.the evil passions; and at length he hecornes intimatdr in-
volved in all the irrational.ty which must inevitably arise from
such a mode of training and culture !
Reis compelled to be ins Terre; and tizis circumstance alone
will destroy human happiness! Were any individnal to speak
the truth within either ofthese deranging atmospheres of the
human intellect, he would be at once termed a fool and a mad-