The Sun.
London, England, 1844-06-17 00:00:00

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC LNSTITUTION,
LONGLIOTTOM'S PHYSIOSCOPE exhibits the human face
with its varied expressions, on a gigantic scale, curiously contrasted
with the living man. The OPAQUE MICROSCOPE magnifies ef-
fectively a succession of WORKS of the FINE ARTS ; also casts of
ANCIENT INSCRIPTIONS, taken by Miss Wilson from the WALLS
of the TOWER of LONDON, cut by Lord Guilford Dudley and other
State Prisoners. The DAILY POPULAR LECTURES abound in In-
teresting experiments. ARMSTRONG'S HYDRO-ELECTRIC MA-
CHINE. DIVING BELL and DIVER. NEW D,ISSOLVING
VIEWS, &c. &c. Tho Music is conducted by T. Wallis, Mus. Doc.
Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.

E S TTT3ILE
TOABNLED LONDON
10,
IR„..AIL WAY.
DOWN TRAINS (Sundays excepted,)
In conjunction with Trains on the London and Birmingham and
Great Western Railways.
The London and Birmingham Railway Company have made an
abatement in their Fares in favour of Passengers travelling on the
West London Railway, to the extent of the Fares charged by the
West London Railway Company.

2
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n. M.
6 55

8 50

10 20

10 45

3 55

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6 20

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7 0

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10 50

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6 30

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1 0

3d Class to Bir-
mingham
Mixed to Maiden-
head
Mixed to Wolfer-
ton
Mixed to Maiden-
head
Mixed to Wolver-
ton
Md to IVolver-
on
Mixed to Slough

10 30

3 0

6 0

UP TRAINS, (Sundays excepted.)

1 ';"
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7 P,' '7, 9R: C x
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950 9-45 940 .... 0 6 ••• • • Mixed
From Ronde
10 45 10-40 ..,. 10 35 .•... - 7 30. 31Lxed
1 Frm Aylembury
, 1 0 12 55 .. .. 12 45 -•••• 11 0 Mixed
FrMSlough
6501645 6 40 I ..... 6 0 •••• Mixed

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De-
cember of the present year.
This institution offers many important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without ex-
pense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid,
(see table); also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances
for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FERGUSON CA.SIROUX, Sec.

SILVER SUPERSEDED, and those corrosive
and injurious metals called Nickel and German Silver sup-
planted by the Introduction of a new and perfectly matchless ALBATA
PLATE.

C. WATSON, 41 and 42, BARBICAN, and 16, NORTON-FOL-
GATE, aided by a person of science in the amalgamation of metals,
has succeeded in bringing to public notice the most beautiful article
ever yet offered ; possessing all the richness of Silver in appearance
—with all its durability and hardness—with its perfect Sweetness in
use—undergoing, as it does, a chemical process, by which all that is
nauseous in mixed metals is entirely extracted--resisting all acids—
clay be cleaned as silver, and is manufactured into every article for
the Table and Sideboard.

_______
Fiddle. Threaded.
Table Spoons and Forks, per doz• • 16s. 6d. .. 30s. Od. ••
Dessert ditto, per doz.•• • • • • • 12s. 6d. • . 255. Od.
Tea Spoons, per doz. .... ..
_ _

2.55. 04.
28s. Od.
13s. 6d.

Sugar Tongs: each ..... ....... Is. 3d. 39. Od. • • 3s. 6d.
Salt and ➢custard Spoons, each ...• 6s. Od. • • 13s. 6d. 13s. 6d.
Communion ServiceS, &c.

C. Watson begs the Public will understand that this metal is pecu-
liarly his own, and that Silver is not more different from Gold, than
his metal Is from all others ; on its intrinsic merit alone he wishes it
to be tested, and from the daily increasing euloginms he receives, he
is convinced that nothing can prevent Its becoming an article of uni-
versal wear.
C. Watson's handsomely Illustrated Catalogue and Price Current
Is Just published, and families who regard economy and elegance,
should possess themselves of this useful book, which may be had
gratis, and post free, from the above address.
Ivory Table-knives, lls. per dozen, Dessert, 95.; Carvers, 3i. 6d.
per pair.

TABLE. DESSERT. CAIIIVZIS.
doz. doz. pair.
31-in. handsome balance handle .. • • 18s. Od. 14s. Od. 6s. 6d.
t-in. balance handle, largest and best

made.
Ditto with Watson's Albata Flats
handles, equal to silver 225. 6d. 18s. Od. Bs. 6d.

Forks half the above price,

Paper Tea-trays, 355. the Set of Three; very richly ornaments.
50s. the Set of Three.
A Five Quart London made Bronze Tea-urn 355. up to Si.
A Set of Six London made Dish Covers lbs. 6d. ; Imperial Raised
Patent, 355. Gd. the Set of Six.
WATSON'S, 41 and 42, BARI3ICAN, and 16, NORTON FOLGATE.
These houses have for Fifty Tears ranked pre-eminent for their
tlery, which is always exchanged, if not approved.

Mend fir his aatttlogae.

GLAMORGANSHIRE,

DELIGHTFUL MARINE RESIDENCE, near the flourishing

Town of SWANSEA.
NIESSRS. ADAM MURRAY and SONS have
received instructions to SELL BY AUCTION, on the
Premises, at Brynymor, near Swansea, on SATURDAY, the 13th day-
of July, 1844, at Twoo'Clock (unless an acceptable offer be pre
viously made by private contract,)
The excellent FREEHOLD ESTATE, called Brynymor,
comprising a capacious, gentlemanly mansion, with offices of
every description, walled gardens, pleasure grounds, and about
TWENTY-EIGHT ACRES of LAND, a portion of which, from
the beauty of its situation, might be advantageously let as building
ground, without detriment to the property. The house is situate
on the Gower Road, about one mile from the seaport town of
Swansea, on a gentle eminence, overlooking the beautiful bay,
and commanding views of the picturesque scenery of Oystermouth
Castle, Briton Ferry, Margarn, Newton, and St. Donat's Castle,
and of the opposite side of the channel, including Minehearl,
Ilfracombe, and Lundy Island. It is nearly new, and substantially
built of brick and stone, and contains spacious dining and drawing.
rooms, parlour, library, eutrance-hall, and pertico, eleven lofty and
cheerful bedrooms and dressing-rooms, ample cellaring, and
every other convenience; stable and coach-house, all well sup.
plirvi with fine spring water.
Printed Particulars may be had of Henry K. Eaton, Esq..
Swansea, who will show the premises ; at the Mackworth Arms,
Swansea ; the Bear, Cowbridge ; the Angel,' Cardiff; the Castle,
Neath ; the Bush, Bristol ; and of Messrs. Adam Murray and
Sons, Surveyors and Land.agents, 47, Parliament.street,London.

LANIE4T ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS. ANI.4 ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &e,
" He who ih pledsure's downy arms
• Ne'er lost his health or veuthfli !charms,
• A hero lives, and justly can
Exclaim, in me behold a man I"
Jusrpublished (In a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, prise Ss. 6d.,
or sent by post, free, to any address, Ss. 611.,
SELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay en
Li those concealed disorders originating in youtbfbl excesses,
and terminating in Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, and all those Sinking', Anxieties, and Tremors, which
afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Reeteration.
By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon,
9, BEDFORD-STREET, ISEDFORD.SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospita 1 Medical Society, Licentiate of
fltputhecary's Hall, London ,&c.
The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent privileges of mankind, are frequently marred and prevented
through the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
among others, this Essay addresses itself; and by its perusal many
questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of ne appeal evca
to the most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette.
" The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from its title,
and we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are
sunring from nervous debility and general weakness."—Wakefield
Journal.
Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
52, Paternoster-row; Starie, 23, Tichbome-street, Quadrant, Regent
street; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; Noble, 114, Chancery-
lane ; Gordon, 116, Leadenhall-street ; and by all Booksellers.
At home every day till Three, and from Five till Eight.

REMOVED FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LONDON. -
Just published, price 2s. 6d., and free by post (in a sealed envelope)
Price 3s. 6d.,
THE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical Work on
Physical Decay, its causes, and the baneftil eflbcts of exces.
sive Indulgence and Infection, illustrated by engravings, with ob-
servations on Marriage, and directions for the removal of certain
disqualifications. By R. and L. PERRY and CO.
Published by the Authors, and sold at their Residence, 19„ Berner!.
street, Oxford-street; also by Strange, 21, Paternoster•row ; Purkis
Ccrmpton-street, Soho ; Noble. 109, Chancery-lane; Crocker, I:
Milford-lane, Strand; 'Ward, Strand (opposite Exeter-ball) • Wil-
son, 358, Oxford.street (two doors from Argyle-street); J. Exeter-hall);
146, Leadenhall-street, London ; Guest, 51, Bull-street, Hinging-
barn ; and by all Booksellers in Town and Country.
The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUII is exclusively directed
for the cure of nervous and muscular debility, Impuissance, fie.
Price lie and 235. per bottle. Sold by all Medicine Vendors, of
whom may be had the " Silent Friend." The Five Pound Cases
may be had as usual.
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS are the most effbctua
cure for syphilis and secondary symptoms in both sexes, price 2a. 9d.
4s. 6d., and 1 Is. per box. -
Consultation fee, if by letter, 1/. A minute detail of cases is ne.
eessary. Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance, for Consultation, at
their residence, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, London, from
Eleven till Two, and Five till Eight, and en Sundays from Tea til
Ivelia Gummi visit only is aacessary to tact apersament Gun

RAY YEN) STAR PACKET
FURTHER REDUCTION OF FARES.
SIXPENCE AND NINEPENCE,
Boat and Blackwell Railway Included. •-e,•
From the Brunswick Wharf, Blackwell,
Daily Sundays included? at Ten, Eleven. Twelve, Three,
Six, and Half-past Seen mow.:
From the Terrace Pier, Gravesend,
It Seven, Half-past line, Half-past Twelve, Two,* Four, Six, Seven,

and Eight.
• On Sundays at Fiva instead of Two.
Fare—Fore Cabin and Seco,i-class Carriage, Sixpence; Saloon and
First-class csrriage, Ninepence.
Star Office, Gravesend, May 29, 1844.

•
3 ILSO N'S SCOTTISH ENTERTAIN-
MENTS,
MUSIC MALL, STORE-STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE.
THIS EVENING, JUNE 17, at Eight o'clock,
Mr. WILSON will give (for the last time this season) the
ADVENTURES OF PRINCE CHARLES,
with the Illustrative Jacobite Songs.
PROGRAMME
PART I.—Weloome Royal Charlie —Wha'll be King, but Charlie ?
He's ower the hills that I lo'e weel—Wha wadna fecht for Charlie ?
This is no my aln heuse—Cain ye by Athole 7—Loons, ye maun gas
hame—Charlie is my darling.
PART ll.—Johnnie Cope—The women are a' gene wud—Alister
M'Alister—Wae's me for Prince Charlie—There were twa bonnie
maidens—Flora M'Donald's Lament.
Pianoforte, Mr. LAND.
Front Seats, 28. 6d. ; Back Seats, 2s. ; Private Boxes for Six, 158.;
for Eight, 11. Programmes and Tickets may be had at the Music-
shops, and at the Music-hall.
On Wednesday, June 19, at Two o'clock, Mr. Wilson will give a
New Selected Entertainment at the Hanover-square Rooms.

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL
GARDENS. IMPORTANT NOTICE.-TO SUBSCRIBERS.

The Council of the ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY of LONDON having
cometo the resolution of allowing the Wives and Husbands of Subscri-
bers to pass the number of Strangers which their Subscriptions entitle
them to, the Proprietor of the Royal Surrey Zoological Gardens has de-
termined to take a step In advance of the Parent Society, and on and
after the 24th instant, ALLOW all whose amount of SUBSCRIP-
TION ENTITLES them to the PRIVILEGE of PASSING STRAN-
GERS, to do so with or without the SUBSCRIBER being PRE-
SENT, trusting by an increased number of Subscribers to indemnify
himself for the unlimited privileges allowed.
Tickets (for the purpose) may be obtained at the Gardens, and
each Subscriber will be required to enter his or her name, to detect
any fraud which may be attempted.
Subscribers can purchase Tickets to admit their Friends on Sundays.
By order, S. FOSTER, Secretary.

GENERAL TOM THUMB.-LAST DAY
BUT THREE.—This man in miniature will remain In CAT-
LIF'S INDIAN GALLERY, Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly, until Thurs-
day, the 20th, and positively no longer, exhibiting mornings and
afternoons only. He will represent the Grecian Statues, Napoleon
musing, dances, songs, &c. He will wear his elegant court dress (in
which he had the honour of appearing Wore her Majesty) at Half-
past Twelve, and again in the afternoon. The General weighs only
151135. Hours, from Eleven to One ; and from Half-past Two to Five.
On Friday and Saturday next the General will exhibit, at the same
hours, at the Lecture Hall, Greenwich. Every evening this week,
from Seven to sine, the General will give a Series of Grand Concerts,
at the Royal Adelaide Gallery, introducing the popular American
♦ocalist, Mr. H. G. Sherman, from New York ; the Infant Thalia
with whom the general will sing a comic duet, and dance a pas de
Polka ; and Mr. J. Trenklee, the celebrated buffo singer ; and several
other novelties.—Admission, at either place, One Shilling.

GUANO, for immediate delivery from a ship just
arrived from Ichiboe, on SALE, by JOHN BOYD and CO.,
Importers, London-bridge, Borough.

On the 29th instant will be published,
CHAMBERS' EDINBURGH JOURNAL ;
the First Volume of the New Series, price 4s. 6d. Hand-
somely bound in Embossed Cloth, specially designed for the work.
The Volume will contain about 250 distinct Articles of an entertain-
ing and instructive kind, and will form a handsome and portable
Library Volume every half year.
London : Wm. S. Orr and Co.. Amen-corner, Paternoster-row.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN TEM-
PERANCE SOCIETY.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—Having been present at the Meeting of the
British and Foreign Temperance Society, held at the
Music-hall, Store street, and reported in your paper last
evening, which states the meeting was, at intervals, of a
most uproarious character, owing to the interruption of
a large body of teetotallers, who congregated in great
numbers in the Hall, allow me to say that there were not
400 persons in the whole meeting, and never could
an audience have sat more quiet on any occasion—not
even a single murmur escaping the lips of any present,
notwithstanding the Chairman's opening speech being
one continual attack on the principles of teetotalism.
The disturbance was caused solely by the Chairman's
refusing either to read, or to allow Mr. Miller, (who
had been seated on the platform from the commence-
ment) to move an amendment, which he had previously
submitted to the chair, and which he rose to move as
the Chairman was about to put the resolution, the
Chairman baying intimated no dissent to Mr. Miller's
proposition before he rose. Mr. Miller, in reply to a
question put to him, stated he had been a member of
the Temperance Society from the year 1838. The ap-
pearance of Boatswain Smith, so far from tending to
enforce order, served only to create confusion and dis-
order, from the unfavourable reception he met with from
all parts of the Hall.
Marylebone, June 13, 1844. J. P. DRAPER.

ANOTHER PEEP AT PEEL'S
FRANKEN STEIN.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sin,—The monster which Peel has constructed in the
churchyards of Error, from mouldering absurdities and defunct,
blunders, presents a subject for almost interminable observa-
tion. But I purposely abstain from commenting on some
of its parts, since—with his surpassing talent for self-contra-
diction—the Premier has, in one or two, provided means, if
skilfully used, for destroying every other part of his structure.
In this communicat►on, therefore, I shall confine myself to
directing the attention of your readers, to the two main ob-
jects of Sir Robert's suicidal plan for destroying the com-
merce of the empire, and with it (poor compensation !) his
own administration.

The first object of this admirer of free trade principles in
the abstract—(an admiration like that of the gourmand for
a lovely turtle)—is, to give a monopoly of the paper circu-
culation to the Bank of England ; the second, to banish
paper and substitute gold, to the utmost extent to which, by
lunatic legislation, it can be effected.
Let us consider the effect of these measures—
First,—As to the Bank of England monopoly. At present
that institution has a number of breakwaters, or, to change
the metaphor, outworks, in the private and joint-stock banks
of issue—notwithstanding the perverse and suicidal ingenuity
(borrowed, doubtless, from the matchless Premier)—with
which the Directors have been labouring to destroy them, by
getting the conductors of several banks to give up their
issue, and take Threadneedle-street paper. In spite of their
efforts, however, there remain a great number of banks issu •
ing their own notes.

Upon the occurrence of a panic, or drain of specie, these
outworks are first attacked—the run upon them warns the
Directors of the Bank of England to prepare for an attack
on their citadel. They get time for preparation ; and, more-
over, all the energies of the conductors of these banks are
employed in collecting gold from the country at large, to
meet the paper pouring in upon them.
Let our prince of blunderers succeed in his object of sup-
pression of all paper but that issued in Threadneedle-street,
and the attack is transferred at once to the doors of the Bank
of England ; and instead of having time to provide for a part
of the paper circulation, the Directors are required instantly to
provide for the whole. Oh, delightful results of the favour of
an intelligent Minister. Truly, Sir Bruin, you will have
killed the fly on your sleeping friend's nose, but I fear the
nose aforesaid wid never recover its original formation.
Now, for the second object, the substitution of gold for
paper.
The first slight objection is, the cost of this desiderated
engine of transfer—twenty millions of gold must be paid
for in goods of that value—twenty millions of paper may,
possibly cost ten thousand pounds--difference against
" Johnny," 19,990,000/. I—a trifle, certainly, for the said un-
lucky gentleman to disburse in these prosperous times.
As the circulating medium is merely the machinery of
transfer, I suppose that our illustrious " Chief Blunderer of
her Gracious Majesty, Victoria the First," will advise our
millowners to exchange the wooden, iron, and brass wheels of
their factories, for gold ones—the principle is precisely the
same.

But the cost of a metallic currency is not the only point to
be considered. . _

At present, if a sudden demand arises for gold, (as for
example, from extensive importation of corn,) no disturb-
ance in our circulation need arise—we have only to issue as
much paper as will fill up the gap occasioned by the exporta-
tion of gold.
But make our circulation altogether metallic, (Peel's
object), and there is no possible means of filling up the void.
Oh ! sublime blunderer ! who shall sneak thy surpassing
merits ! To the Standards and Heralds it was given only
to vituperate commerce ; to thee it is (for our iniquities) given
to destroy it. History has recorded the deeds of one Attila,
" the scourge of God"—it has pleased the Supreme to produce
and place in power, a second. COMMON SENSE.

GLEANINGS OF GREATNESS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—We have been hitherto engaged only with the grand
and majestic, in considering the vast imaginings of Attila's
rival.

Let us give our jaded minds a little repose, by suffering our
eyes to rest on the minor beauties of his work. In all we
shall find the traces of his powerful mind ; and, as the mighty
soul of a Nero could turn from the contemplation of a burning
metropolis to the enjoyment of the agonies of an animal, so
we shall find the pre-eminent destructiveness of our matchless
Premier as decidedly marked in the details, as in the grand
principles of a measure, to which history can present no
parallel. Let us consider his rule, that no banker is to have
out, in any one week, more than the average of his circulation
for the last two years.
The fact is, of course, unknown to the all-meddler, but ex-
tremely well known to thousands of others, that the circula-
tion of a bank, especially in an agricultural district, instead
of being always nearly the same, is incessantly fluctuating,
and the manager of such a bank can foretel when the channel
of his river will be overflowed, when it will be scarcely half
filled.

Let us suppose that, at one period of the year, the farmers
connected with a particular bank are obliged to lean heavily
on it; that at another (when thcir returns come in), they
can reduce their debt—that each period may be roundly
taken at half a year, and that the circulation of such bank,
reaching to 200,000/. in the earlier, sinks to 100,000/. in the
later period.
It is clear that the average of the year will be 150,0001.,
and this amount the banker may keep out all the year round.
Alas ! during 26 weeks the permission is valueless, since he
wants no more than 100,000/, ;
and during the remaining
26 the restriction cramps his powers to the extent of 33 per
cent., he having the power to keep out 150,0001. only, and
requiring just a third more !
NOW for branches. On the present system each branch
keeps not only its average issue, but avoids margin beyond,
since its average is always liable to be exceeded.
On Peel's Procrustes system no branch can hold more than ita
average, because, by possibility, branches A, B, and C, might
otherwise issue more; and D, E, F, just as much as their
average; and thus a total excess be produced, subjecting the
head bank to heavy penalties.

Now every one (but Sir f. Peel) knows that an average
consists of the total of a series of excess and deficiency ; if the
averag? circulation of a branch, for example, is 10,0001., this
average will consist of issues rising, perhaps, to 18,000/., fall-
ing to 2,0001, and by Sir Robert Ruin-all's system the profit
upon all beyond 10,000/. must be sacrificed.
Suppose, for example, that the Bank of has ten
branches, to which 10,000/. a piece is assigned, the first five
may have applications for 12,0001., one with another; the
other five only to the extent of 8,000/, the application for
2,000/. Out of the 12,000/. at the first five branches must be
refused, for the agents cannot tell the state of the iron chests
of the other branches.
But the want of accommodation to customers, and loss of
interest to the Bank, is not all—we must look to the depositor.
Sir John Broadland, living at a distance from the county
town, places 3,000/. with branch. bank A., and enters the
agent's parlour one morning, Stating that he has purchased
a pretty little farm, just on the confines of his property, and
has engaged a place in the mail from (the nearest
town) for that evening, having promised to meet his solicitor
and the seller's in London next day, to pay for the farm.
The unhappy agent, turns pale, and, looking like the man
who " Ope'd Priam 's curtain in the dead of night, and would
have told him half his Troy was burnt," tells Sir John that
the deposit having laid with their firm three years un-
changed, he, the agent, was not prepared for the demand—
that, of the 10,000/. allowed him from head. quarters, 9,000/.
was used up. lie offers to mount his horse and gallop to
head-quarters; but Sir J. reminds him that they are distant
25 miles, and that the mail starts in two hours !
Pleasant !—Both parties consign Sir R. to .a place more
distinguished *for warmth than comfort, and separate in ill
humour. COMMON SENSE.

THE EDINBURGH PROFESSORSHIP or Music.—
An Edinburgh correspondent, a musician of the highest at-
tainments, gives us the following account of the gentleman
who has been successful in the much talked-of contest
for the musical chair in the University of that city :—" By
this time you must know that we have got a new pro-
fessor of music—Mr. Henry Hugh Pearson. He is a very
gentlemanly young man, of amiable and unaffected man-
ners, liberal education, and superior musical talent as a
composer and performer. An opera of his is now in re-
hearsal at the Royal Theatre of Dresden, The Elves and
the Spirits of Earth, and it is much for him to say, that
he is the first Englishman who has been so honoured in
Germany: Some of the party opposing him here got up a
story that he was unable to lecture from an impediment in
his speech. That is not true, for I have conversed with him
repeatedly, and heard him speak quite fluently, though he
sometimes pauses for a word. This you will find every day,
even among the cleverest men. I hope he will do credit to
our university."
TREASURE TROVE.—On Monday last, as some
fishermen were busily engaged on the beach at Milton, near
Gravesend, their attention was attracted by seeing a small
black object washed upon the sands a few yards from where
they were sitting, but before any one of them could secure it
it had disappeared. They continued, however, to keep a
sharp look out near the spot where they had seen it, and in
about half an hour afterwards they had the gratification of
again seeing the object washed far enough on the beach to
be secured by one of them. It was at first pronounced to be
a mere lump of wood, but upon a more minute examination
it was discovered to be a small tin box, which, upon being
opened, was found to contain some parchment fragments,
evidently part of an ancient bond, from the fact of seals being
affixed, and some traces of writing being discernible. Besides
which there was a number of gold and other coins, but of
whose reign they were or what date they bore it was quite
impossible to say, owing to the havoc waterand age had made
upon them.
EXTRAORDINARY ROBBERY OF AN IRON CHEST.—
On Monday morning, between five and six o'clock, Police-
constable Reclined, 179 V, who was on duty upon Clapham-
common, found a large iron chest; it was locked, and had
painted on it the words " Waterman Steamboat Company,
Woolwich." No attempt had been made to conceal the
chest ; on the contrary, it had been deposited in a wide
open space of ground as if for the purpose of attracting
attention. The constable, with assistance, removed the
chest to the station-house, and information of the circum-
stance was immediately forwarded to Woolwich. On Tues-
day Mr. Bythesea, the Secretary to the Waterman Steam-
boat Company, attended at the station, and unlocked the
chest, and it was, as that gentleman expected, empty. Mr.
Bythesea then stated that the Company's, counting-house was
broken into on Sunday night or early on Monday morning,
and that this chest, which contained the bank book, cash
book, and other documents, but no money ner securities for
money, was stolen. Since the robbery the Directors had re-
ceived a letter from the thieves, informing them that they
had placed the chest in the way of restoration, and they
offered to return the books and documents for a certain sum
of money. The parties were to be communicated with by
addressing them through the Morning Chronicle, under the
head of "Boxiaria," but if no communication was entered
into within three days, the contents of the chest would be
destroyed, The police are making active exertions to dis-
cover the thieves.
Taz PITMEN.—The pitmen in the various col-
lieries about Berwick have gong to work again, and coals are
now to be had in abundance, but at an advance of6d.-perton
on the former price.—Newcastle Advertiser.

THE MINISTERIAL CRISIS.
(From the Times.)
So Mr. Miles has carried his amendment upon the Govern-
ment proposal by a majority of 20. This is the fourth oc-
casion within the last three months on which the Govern-
ment has been beaten by its usual supporters; and it be-
comes a grave question how it will support these repeated
discomfitures. On the Factory question it contrived to ex-
tricate itself with considerable loss of credit, both to itself
and its friends, by throwing its own existence into one of the
scales. It commanded the House to decide between accept-
ing its Bill and losing its somewhat imperious services. Sir
Robert Peel would not consent to hold office, if a measure
were passed destructive, as he declared it to be, to the very
existence of British trade. This answered its purpose for
the nonce; but such a menace, if at all capable of repetition,
is plainly inapplicable to the two questions by which he is at
present embarrassed. Deeply mistaken as we consider the
Premier's views of the Factory question to have been, they at
least had the pretence of being "important if true." With the
convictions which he professed on the question of industrial
freedom or slavery, we can understand, though we grievously
lament, his having staked the being of his Government on his
ability to enforce them upon the Legislature. Not so with
regard to Welch bishopricks or West Indian duties. We
have here a pair of questions, important indeed within their
sphere, deeply interesting to those who are immediately
concerned in them, but obviously confined in their effect—
obviously inoperative on the general course of Ministerial
policy. •To constitute them matters of life and death would
be the mere undisguised despotism of office—would proclaim
a determination that what is called the Conservative party,
and every section of it, shall be allowed no word, or act, or
motion, but subject to the summary veto of the Prime Minis-
ter. This might be pardonable in a man who had contrived
to unite half a nation in defence or development of a great
and overpowering principle. Mr. O'Connell may with some
plausibility require, as he does in fact obtain, such implicit
obedience from those who feel that his words and deeds are
the exponent of the one great idea in which their political
thoughts and aspirations are one and all centred. But
our present Premier has always cautiously shrunk
from committing himself to such a position as this.
The great problem which he has most ingeniously
solved has been to weld together a mass of very heteroge-
neous material, without merging individual preferences, an-
tipathies, and theories in the absorbing pursuit of any one
great and common object. He has succeeded in creating the
opinion that he is himself a good man of business, an inde-
fatigable Minister, a respectable dispenser of patronage, a
dexterous Parliamentary leader, and that a Cabinet formed
and guided by him would be a valuable check and modifica-
tion of the tide of innovation which so many apprehend; but
he has not identified himself—he has never attempted to
identify himself—with the feelings or sympathies of his sup-
porters—he has used no arts of attraction —no efforts at ap-
proximation. On almost all points he has cautiously avoided
declaring himself; and when lie has any measure to carry,
he shrouds himself in impenetrable mystery till the moment
when he lays it on the table of the House of Commons, and
tells his supporters that they must swallow it. From such a
position as this he has formed what is called the Conservative
party—a party united in the first instance by hostility to the
Whig Ministry and their Radical supporters, and kept toge-
ther we don't quite know how. lie taught them to use their
strength in turning out their enemies. That purpose they
accomplished in 1841. In that triumph the original principle
of union was exhausted; and we find some difficulty in de-
fining the feeling or principle which, after nearly three years'
tenure of office, preserves to the party its present amount of
coherency. It does, however, in some measure cohere; and
Sir R. Peel's Ministerial capacities constitute him (at least)
its most eminent member. We do not mean this for praise
or blame. We apprehend that with some verbal alte-
rations, it would be admitted by the Premier himself as a
fair account of his own policy. But we say that a Minister
who has chosen to himself such a leadership as this, has
no right to claim from his followers that sacrifice of indivi-
dual feeling and interest which is due to one who shares their
leading idea, or who has contrived to inspire them with
his. We sacrifice our opinions to those who are more ex-
perienced, wiser, more influential than ourselves, only
when we know ourselves agreed with them in prin-
ciple, and because we trust their power and judgment more
thoroughly than our own in carrying those principles out.
Sir Robert Peel does not teach—nay, does not allow, his
followers to assume such an agreement. He does not en-
courage them to rely on his sympathy—he shows none for
them—and he therefore must expect them to exercise their
own judgment. Men will not serve one who is himself un-
fettered. They will give him what he gives them—alliance
and co-operation, but not service. The very necessities of
human nature require, that he should preserve their union
by showing in the details of his administration unusual ten-
derness for their wishes, consideration for their opinions, re-
spect for their principles, and anxiety for their interests.
And now what has taken place in these two late instances of
Parliamentary mischance ? Ministers, regardless of the
nature of their position and the composition of their party,
have in both attempted to ride over a body of their
supporters who had justice on their side. 'they seem
to have supposed that the malcontents were uninfluential,
and, right or wrong, could be put down. We cannot, indeed,
yet charge upon the Premier the full responsibility of what
has passed in the matter of Bangor and St. Asaph. " In-
discreet" things are, we know, sometimes said and done in the
Upper House, which he would scarcely adopt in full. Ob-
stinacy there has probably been somewhere among the heads
of Church or State; but it cannot well be called consummate
till we have seen what happens in that Assembly which is,
after all, the moving force of the nation, and where the
Premier will have to take the field in person. But the later
case of the sugar duties is embarrassed by no such ambiguity.
With this Sir R. Peel has made himself most distinctly
chargeable. The case has been brought before him clearly,
—urgently—dispassionately. Men who may, if such a con-
sideration be allowed to weigh on a financial question, have
been the zealous and unvarying supporters of his party, and
(which is a more unimpeachable ground of argument) who
have been ruined by the legislation of the last few years,
have pleaded for justice to themselves—have petitioned
for no very extravagant modification of the blow which
he has announced his intention to inflict upon them ;
but Sir Robert Peel, it seems, unlike Sir John
Falstaff, will concede nothing to his supporters,
except " upon compulsion"—he thinks it beneath the dignity
of a Prime Minister to withdrawlfrom'eany fraction of a purpose
which has once been Ministerially promulgated. The dangers
fteoaht—is
noo inconsiderable
ofhedangers
to b
division,te fundamentalalienation, an
dde-
y t
addition
argu-
ment from injustice—have been again and again brought
before him--

" Sed nullis file movetur
Fletibus aut voces ullas tractabilis audit ;
Fata obstant, placidasque viriDeus obstruit cures."

Demanding, as he does, everything from them, he will
yield nothing to their wishes. "The fates forbid." But in
this instance the fates have been unpropitious in their de-•
crees. The experience of Lord Ashley's case has apparently
misled the Premier. He has been mistaken in supposing that
if he would not yield, his followers would. He has pushed the
question to a Parliamentary trial, and has been beaten—
fairly beaten. What may be the effect of this disaster we
cannot foretell. But it will not be useless to Sir Robert him-
self, if it teaches him that)ae will sometimes provide better
even for his own dignity by consulting the feelings and
opinions of those on whom, after all, he is much more depen-
dent for support, than they on him for guidance.

(From the Chronicle.)
A great deal of excitement prevailed in political circles
througheut Saturday and yesterday, in consequence of the
defeat of Ministers on the Sugar Duties Bill on Friday night.
A rumour was very current on Saturday that Sir Robert
Peel had determined to resign. And we believe at that time
there was some ground for this report. Two of the Minis-
ters, however—Lord LyndhUrst and the Duke of Bucclench
—were absent, and it was determined that they should be
summoned to town to attend- a- Cabinet Council, appointed ,
for yesterday. The Council met at four o'clock, and shortly
after its separation it was known that Ministers had 'deter-
mined not to resign. One of two other courses remained
for them to adopt. They might either propose to
rescind the vote of Friday night, or propose to re-
new the present sugar duties for another year. The
former was known to be hopeless. Even the threat of resig-
nation has lost its effect. " Let them resign and be Cob-
dened," is now the exclamation of the exasperated squire and
West India proprietor. Thore was no mistaking the cheer
that greeted Sir J. Rae Reid's honest denunciation at the
Downing-street meeting the other day. The only course
that remained was to propose the renewal of the present du-
ties for another year. Against this Mr. Gladstone is said to
have warmly protested. It was only on Friday night he said
in his speech—" The Government might have ventured to
propose to Parliament again the renewal of the sugar duties
as they stood in the Bill of last year. Now, he did not think
they could, in justice to the consumer, have made that pro-
position, and if they had done so, they would have taken a
very short-sighted view of colonial interests." In the face
of such a declaration, how could he support the proposition ?
We can easily fancy the derisive laugh with which his objec-
tion was met. It was unceremoniously overruled, and at the
Council last evening it was resolved to propose the renewal of
the duties for another year, and to accompany the proposi-
tion by a Ministerial explanation.
(From the Post.)
During the last eight-and-forty hours the town has been
agitated with all sorts of rumours, for which we feel justified
in saying there is, up to the present moment, no other ground-
work than the fertile imagination of those who originated the
reports. Not only has it been confidentially stated that Sir
Robert Peel has tendered his resignation to the Queen, but
that her Majesty was graciously pleased to accept it, and
to open communications with the nobleman destined to suc-
ceed the present Premier. Indeed, the imaginative portion
of the political world have been so industrious that we have
ourselves received more than one list of the new Cabinet.
We need hardly say that these stories are mere inventions—
mere experiments upon public credulity. We believe we
may state with some confidence that, at the late hour this
morning at which we now write, the Minister has not
tendered his resignation. The hostile division of Friday
night of course rendered Ministerial consultation neces-
sary; and a Cabinet Council was therefore held en Satur-
day at the Foreign-office, and remained in deliberation for a
period of three hours. The Members present were Sir Robert
Peel, the Duke of Wellington, Lord Wharncliffe, Earl of
Aberdeen, Lord Stanley, Sir James Graham, the Chancellor
of the Exchequer, Earl of Haddington, Earl of Ripon, the
Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, Sir Edward Knatchbull, and
Lord Granville Somerset.
It will not be expected that we should be enabled to say
what passed in the Council ; but we have reason to believe
that during the evening of Saturday, a Cabinet Minister de-
clared the position of the Government to be " very serious."
That nothing definite was resolved on up to that time may
not only be inferred from the declaration just mentioned, but
from the fact that another meeting of the Ministers took
place yesterday at the house of the Earl of Aberdeen. It
would have been obviously premature to take decisive mea-
sures on Saturday or Sunday, when the whole of this day,
till the House of Commons shall meet, is still available for
consultation. The probability is, that the final determination
of the Cabinet will not be adopted until new deliberations
shall have taken place this forenoon, or after it shall have
been seen what course may be pursued in Parliament this
evening upon the discussion of Mr. Miles's motion.
(From the Advertiser.)
Ministers seem destined to defeats, and what is extraordi•
II
uary,-iu every case of discomfiture, the opposition proceeds

from their own side of the House. The victory of Saturday
morning, which the supporters of Mr. Miles's motion
achieved over Sir Robert Peel, is one of very great import-
ance. The question was virtually made a Ministerial ques
tion ; but the combined forces of the Liberals and of the
West India Planters—the latter influenced solely by per-
sonal considerations—proved more than a match for the
Government troops. It is supposed that Sir Robert Peel will
endeavour to persuade the House to rescind the vote of
Saturday morning, and thus again stultify itself as it did on
the Factory question. Sir Robert had better not try this
game too often ; and above all, not in this case. The present
is a question which touches the pockets of the entire country.
The result of the vote of Saturday morning will be to make
sugar a penny per pound cheaper—which to the labouring
classes is a boon of no inconsiderable magnitude. To
attempt, therefore, to rescind the vote which the House has
come to, and thereby snatch that boon from their hands, the
moment it was given them, would be one of the most inju-
dicious things which could be imagined. We are surprised
to find in the list of the minority the names of several free
traders. Every reduction of duty is a move in the right
direction, and consequently ought to be encouraged by the
free traders. The more the amount of duties is diminished,
the nearer we approach the gaol of their entire extinction.
The debate and division of Saturday have given another
heavy blow to monopoly.

THE SPY SYSTEM.
( From the Times.)
The conversation which took place ou Friday evening, re-
lative to a petition presented by the Member for Finsbury,
has been described by some of our contemporaries as most
damaging to the character of the Ministry. It was so. It
was damaging to their character ; and, as things have now
turned out, it may also be ruinous to their stability. If they
have determined on dissolving Parliament, this occurrence is
the most unfavourable by which their appeal to the hustings
could be preceded. When other taunts have been exhausted,
other accusations answered, and other recriminations ex-
changed, this reproach will still be urged against them, and
urged with effect—that they were the first Ministry of late
years that had resorted to the meanness ofespionage, and con-
descended to pursue a policy at once unconstitutional, un-Eng-
lish, and ungenerous. Sir 3. Graham—the Minister solely im-
plicated in the transaction—did not affect to deny that he had
issued a warrant by which the letters of a Mr. Mazzini were
detained at the Post-office. He pleaded guilty to this charge.
He avowed the issue of the warrant, but justified it by the
necessities of State policy and two statutes. His adherents
then attempted to suppress any further discussion of the
matter; but the House proceeded to express its general and
severe condemnation of such a system. And, truly, there
was cause for indignation. The Home-office was arraigned
for a treacherous breach of faith, which it was hardly credible
could be charged upon the English Executive. Hitherto, it
has been the peculiar boast of England that she is not as
other countries. that her citizens are not liable to the same
petty persecutions, the same rigorous police, the same insidi-
ous and incessant watching, the same dogging of their foot-
steps, opening of their letters, and prying into cabinets as
harass the subjects of continental States. But this boast
cannot now be uttered with justice. The national prestige
has gone. The Home Secretary has not scrupled to order
that the letters of certain persons should be detained and
opened at the General Post-office. No man's correspon-
dence is safe. No man's confidence can be deemed secure ;
the secrets of no family, of to individual, can be
guaranteed from reaching the ear of a Cabinet Minis-
ter, and, worse than that, of a Minister's officials. The
apprehensions of commercial failures, the impending losses
in the share market, the anticipations of a rise or fall in
prices—everything which to a mercantile community ren-
ders security, no less than facility of correspondence, a
matter of grave import—all these may at stated times be no-
tified to a Minister, and published to the world. But it is
said that great emergencies demand the occasional exercise
of a power which, however despotic when carried to excess,
is nevertheless acknowledged by the statute law of the laud.
True. It may happen that such emergencies require the
tension of executive authority. No one doubts .it. And
when such emergencies do arise, and are recognised by
public opinion, they justify the application of harsh mea-
sures. But this constitutes the very gist of our complaint.
No such emergency has been demonstrated. No case has
been stated. The 'Home Secretary contented himself with
declaring, in general terms, that there were reasons for his
conduct. But the House was not satisfied with this, nor
will the country be so. We want facts and circumstances.
We want such evidence as would satisfy any reasonable
man or any set of men that the Home Secretary was moral's
justified in the course which he pursued. The
whole question is one of consitutional rights, and nothing
else. Mr. Mazzini's character and habits and society are
nothing to the point, unless connected with some certain or
probable evidence of evil intentions or treasonable plots. We
know nothing, and care nothing about him. He may be
the most worthless and the most vicious creature in the
world. But this is no reason of itself why his letters should
be detained and opened. The only reason by which such a
harsh proceeding could be explained and defended—the be-
lief of some criminal design on his part—was not assigned.
The Minister deprived Mazzini of his letters and his character
at once ; but offered neither reparation nor explanation. The
world, therefore, is left to imagine every conceivable ground
of suspicion against a man who has been subjected to treat-
ment which nothing but the most extraordinary circum-
stances could palliate, and the most dangerous precedent has
been established of a Cabinet Minister stretching the prero-
gatives of his office even to the violation of honour and of
liberty, and then sheltering himself under an arbitrary con-
struction of a constitutional act. Such are the uses to which
responsible government may be turned. Sir J. Graham must
have been studying Vidocq and Fondle.
(From the Advertiser.)
The country is under no ordinary obligations to Mr. Dun-
combe for the spirited manner in which, on Friday night, he
brought the conduct of Sir James Graham, in authorisinc,
the opening of private letters at the Post-office, under the
notice of the House of Commons. The parties complaining
of the opening and detention of their letters were only four
in number; but it is not improbable that other similar cases
have occurred. The admission was wrung from the Home
Secretary, that in the case of Mr. Mazzini he had issued a
warrant to the Post-office authorities to open his letters.
Now, this individual being a foreigner, that circumstance
constitutes a material aggravation of the offence committed
by the above-named functionary. It places this country in
the degrading position of playing the part of a spy and in-
former to a foreign Power. In this individual case the Home
Secretary appears in the enviable character of a police agent
to the Emperor of Russia. It is not pretended that the
letters of Mr. Mazzini were opened at the Post office in con-
sequence of a suspicion thaLsomething 'treasonable towards
this country would be found in them. The supposition was,
that they would be found to contain treasonable matter in
reference to the Government of Russia. Sir James Graham
thus becomes the spy of Nicholas. It may be doubted whe-
ther Europe could produce two more kindred spirits.
For the credit of our country—for the honour of the
English name, let it be everywhere known that there
is not another man in her Majesty's dominions who would be
guilty of what Mr. Hume called the "disgraceful," and Mr.
Duncombe the " dirty" work, which the Home Secretary has
thus performed to the Emperor of Russia. It has always
been the boast of England, that the friends of freedom, when
driven from other countries by the bloodhounds of despotism
have ever found a refuge in England. Hence the exiles of
or winked at by Parliament, this would be so no mere.
sa)lls
tceotou nitorit
re flock
os
doocced i ncrow
by
sir dje to our a
toe
s shores.
Graham
w e
rlef tthoe espionage
sanc-
tioned
be
We should no longer be able to boast of offering an asylum
to the proscribed patriots of other lands. The only vindica-
tion which that functionary offered of his conduct was, that
he had the authority of an Act of Parliament for what lie
has done. The assertion is unfounded. No Act of Par-
liament confers any such authority on the Home Secretary
or On any body else. It is true that, in the reign
of Queen Anne, an Act received the sanction of the Legis-
lature, empowering Government to cause any particular
letter to be opened by the Post-office authorities, pro-
vided Government were in possession of specific in-
formation which justified the belief that such letter contained
treasonable matter. But the present is not a case in point.
Sir James Graham did not, and could not, pretend that he
had in his possession any information respecting the letter of
Mr. Mazzini. It appears to have been a case of purely
gratuitous suspicion, and, consequently, an act of wanton
tyranny. To open any letter in the Post-office, is declared
by express statute to be, except in the particular circum-
stances to which we have alluded, a misdemeanour. It
would be a novel spectacle, and one as gratifying in this in-
stance as novel, to see a Home Secretary standing at the bar
of the Old Bailey. We should then have a practical proof
that Ministerial responsibility is something more than a
name—that it is not, as has hitherto been supposed, a mere
fiction, but an actual positive fact. That Sir James Graham
should have acted as he has done, can surprise no one
who has watched his career. There is not within the
confines of Europe a man in whose composition there is
more of the genuine despot. Our free institutions have
prevented the full development of his real character.
In Russia he would have eclipsed Nicholas himself. He
would have been the prince of despots. As it is, lie has gone
great lengths. What has his administration of affairs in the
Home Department been, but an uninterrupted series of ty-
rannical acts ? This last is the boldest of the series. It is so
gross and glaring, that not one solitary individual in the
House of Commons ventured a word in his favour. There
he stood like a criminal in the pillory, exposed to the pitiless
peltings of every Member who spoke. -Igor is the matter
ended. He has but received a portion of his punishment.
Mr. Duncombe is to drag him a second time before the bar of
the House and the public, when the school-boy remark, " Hit
him hard—he has no friends," will, we doubt not, be again
strikingly illustrated. .He must be taught that the espionage
this country. He must be
made to feel that the bare endeavour to engraft any of the
more odious features of the despotic systems which prevail
in foreign countries, on the free institutions of England, will
Fbreantcoetraonddo Russiacedtotocannot with impunity be at
system
mted of France
be to incur a responsibility of the gravest kind.

EXCHEQUER.7(SATURDAY)

THE QUEEN V. DEANE.

This was an indictment arising out of the frauds upon the
Customs. The features of the case were similar to those
which have marked the previous cases having reference to
this subject. The defendants say that they will be able to
show that no fraud has been committed on the Customs.
The case was adjourned at a late hour.
THE SUNNING REIN CASE—WOOD V. PEEL.
Mr. James, in the course of the trial of the Custom House
case, applied to the Court to appoint a day for the trial of the
cause IN ood v. Peel. He was anxious to have the day set-
tled, as there were several IN itnesses in the case, and as it WAS
important as much as possible to save expense.'
Mr. Baron ROLFE, who presided, said that in all probability
his brother Alderson would try the cause referred to, it was,
therefore, desirable to ascertain what he had to say on the
subject. The Learned Baron then left the Court for a short
time, and upon his return said that Baron Alderson bad
fixed the cause of Wood r. Peel to take place on Monday, the
24th—that is to follow Russell r. Ledsam, which is set down
for that day.

- -
The principal members of the cores operatique of
Drury-lane Theatre—Miss Rainforth, Harrison, and Stretton
—proceed on a provincial tour early in the ensuing week,
commencing at Dublin.