The Sun.
London, England, 1844-10-17 00:00:00

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No. 16,277. LONDON, THURSDAY, ivENING S ZTN7 OCTOBER 17, 1844.
0•••••••••

PRICE scl;

rgE is Published EVERY MORNING at FIVE O'CLOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time for the AFTERNOON TRAM g
and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, containing PARLIAMENTARY and all other NEWS in LONDON sip to that flour.

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

. licate

11- ONDON and YORK RAILWAY.
Several advertisements having of late appeared, headed
" DIR ECT NORTHERN RAILWAY," and having attached
thereto the names of Sir John Rennie, Mr. Oravatt, Major Amsinc,
nd oth, 'rs, in which it is asserted—that by the Direct Northern
L int tht distance from London to York will be twenty miles less
tha.7 by the line proposed by this Company—that the scheme to
cone ect _Loudon with York originated with, and was first projected
by, S it Stohr, Rennie and Company—and that upwards of seventy
miles cif th eiB c scheme has been appropriated by the London and
York Comps, iy—the Committee of Direction feel called upon, in
justic t to thet nselyes and the shareholders, to give these assertions
the in, It direc t and unqualified contradiction.
To th 'e first ti hey reply—that the difference in distance between the
projects xllLies, 'from London to York, instead of being twenty miles,
is not mitre th an two miles and a half. Sir John Rennie's, by his
own accoutre t lacing 180 miles in length—that of the Londoa and
Yor;: beimg in ittality upon the line, as finally laid down, 1851

/SHE GENERAL STEAM NAVIGATION
COMPANY'S splendid and powerful first-class STEAM-
SHIPS are appointed to leave LONDON for—
HAMBURGH and ROTTERDAM, carrying her Majesty's Mails
—Every Wednesday and Saturday Morning.
HAVRE—Every Sunday, at Eight, Morning.
ANTWERP—From Brunswick Pier, Blackwall—Every Thurs
slay, at Eleven, Morning.
From London Bridge Wharf, for—
OSTEND—Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday, and Sunday.
BOULOGNE—Beery Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday Morn-
ing.
. _ .

BRITISH AND FOREIGN INSTITUTE.
patro,—lits Royal ll4ghness PRINCE ALBERT.
President—Right Hon. The EARL of DEVON,
The Club Rooms of the Institute, under the new Management, are
THIS DAY RE-OPENED for the reception of Members.
Prospectuses, Terms, and List of Memb: rs to be had at the Institute.
J. S. BUCKINGHAM, Resident Director.
13, George-street, Hanover-square, Oct. 14, 1644.

FARMERS' AND GRAZIERS' MUTUAL
CATTLE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION.
Offices-366, Strand, London.
The especial object of this Association is to give to Farmers,
Graziers, and Owners of Cattle the best means of protecting them.
selves against losses by those diseases and accidents which they can
neither forsee nor control, but which have hitherto been most in.
jurious, and often ruinous to thousands.
PREMIUMS.
Neat Cattle and Cows, against all death by all diseases and acci-
dents, save pleuro pneumonia (usually called the " Epidemic "),
30s. per 1001. value.
Including pleuro-pneumonia, 20s. per cent. additional ; being at
the rate of 50s. per 1001. value.
Pleuro.pneumonia will not be taken alone at this latter rate.
Prospectuses and every information may be obtained at the
Office (if by letter, pre.paid), addressed to William Shaw, Esq.,
366, Strand, London, or to the Agents in the country.
N.B.—References can be given to several persons in Derbyshire.
Dorsetshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire,
&c., who have experienced losses, and who have been proinptly paid.
HENRY FLO WER, Secretary.

Duke of Richmond's f by Glaucus, out of Estelle 2
Nir. Edwards's Full Sail

Col. Peel's fby Slane, out of Mary Ann
Mr. Ford's Fallacy . .
Lord Chesterfield's Zahra

5 to 2 agst Longitude, 5 to 2 agst Full Sail, 3 to 1 agst
Estelle filly, and 4 to 1 each agst Fallacy and the Mary
Ann filly. Zahra and Colonel Peel's filly made the run-
ning at a strong pace to the bushes, where they were
passed by Longitude, Estelle, and Full Sail, the former
having the lead, which he maintained to the end, win-
ning by half a length. Full Sail was beaten the same dis •
tance from the Estelle filly; the Mary Ann filly a bad
fourth.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
Thu PROTEOSCOPE, an original Optical Instrument, unit-
mited In its appliances to Nature and Art, a highly valuable addition
to LONOBOTTO3I'S OPAQUE MICROSCOPE. The Pictorial Il-
lustration of the Passions, from Collins's Ode, with Vocal and Instru-
mental Music, is the first subject exhibited by the PHYSIOSCOPE,
at a Quarter to Five o'clock in the Afternoon, and at a Quarter to
Ten in the Evening. Dr. RYAN'S present daily Lecture is on
POISONS and their ANTIDOTES, at half-past Three, and on the
Evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at a Quarter to
Nine. Professor BACHHOFFNER Lectures on the alternate Eve-
nings. The Lectures abound in Interesting Experiments. The
HYDRO-ELECTRIC MACHINE, DIVING-BELL and DIVER,
Sc.—The Music is Composed and Conducted by T. WALLIS, Mus.
Doe. Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.

idALAlS—Tbursday, and Sunday Morning.
HULL—Every Tuesday and Friday, at Eight, Morning.
YARMOUTH—Every Saturday, at Six, Evening.
RAMSGATE—DatIy, at Half-past Nine.
EDINBURGH—From Brown's Wharf, Poplar, every Saturday
and every alternate Wednesday, October 19, 26, and 30, at Ten,
Evening. _

From Down's Wharf, Redneecl Fares, for—

Match, Y.C., 100—Lord George Ben!incles Prince of
\Vales, 7st 71b, received forfeit from Lord Glasgow's He-
has-a• Name, Bst.
NEWMARKET HOUGHTON MEETING.
FRIDAY.

NEWCASTLE—Every Wednesday mid Saturday, at Eight, Eve-
ning. Fares, 10s. and ss.
SUNDERLAND—Every Tuesday, at Seven, Evening.
Between BRIGHTON and DIEPPE—Every Monday, Wednesday,
Thursday, and Saturday.
DOVER and BOULOGNE—The Magician, Daily, according to tide.
To secure Berths, for Freight, and for Bills, containing hours of
departure, fares, &c., apply at the Offices, 69, Lombard-street ; 37,
Regent-circus ; and 35, Leadenhall-street.

Whether this .lifferer ice of five and a half miles can be realised
by Sir John Ren: tie's tine is yet to be proved, and, if realised, whe.
ther suet+ ra diffe renr.e would be compensated for by the London
and York line 'trading its course through the towns of Hitchin,
Hunting& +n, Pr tecborough, Grantham, Newark, Tuxford, Retford,
Bawtry, ar d nv.:aster, not one of which is approached by Sir John
Rennie's li ae, 'rtif3 public will be able to determine.
To the s, mend and third allegations the Committee of Direction
of the Lond on s nd York Company reply, that while Sir John Ren-
nie and Co. stab a that their surveys were commenced in October.
1843, and t heir prospectus published in April last, the project for
a new railway between London and York was formed by Mr. Gibbs
in 1836, an kin that year carried into Parliament. That in 1840 Mr.
Gibbs age': I brought his scheme before the Parliamentary Commis.
sioners, any lit is detailed by them in their report of 1841. That
such scherr g was never abandoned by him, but in February of the
present ye: w the details of the London and York Railway, as now,
with modifi c ;Lions adopted, were explained by him to Mr. Beckett
Denison, M P , who suggested several alterations, and Mr. Francis
Mowatt, floe Vice-Chairman, and arrangements were made for per-
fecting the I lan by levels and surveys, which were completed in the
month of 11 arch following, and on the 16th of April the project
was annour led by advertisement in the Times, under the name of
the " Great, Northern Railway," before any advertisement of Sir
John Reims 3 had appeared : and the Committee of Direction dis-
tinctly afEr. II that the course over the first seventy miles from
London was adopted on actual surveys made by Mr. Gibbs, and not
suggeste d t4' them by any other parties; and they beg further to
observe, it is only now within these few days, that after the Lon..
don and 'York Company has been before the public for a period of
five mo: iths, after its whole capital of five millions has been sub.
scribed, *no its shares has attained a high premium in the market,
that Sir John Rennie and Company have come forward with what
is inter aled to be a counter.project, and with the mis-statements
here di spared of.

MPLOYMENT. —Persons having a little time
to spare are apprised that Agents continue to be appointed in
London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY,
or the sale of their celebrated teas.

Colonel Peel's Garry Owen, Bst 41b, agst Lord Sand-
wich's Plantagenet, 7st. T.Y.C. 60, h ft.

SALE OF THE LATE MR. THORNHILL'S
BROOD MARES, &C.-YESTERDAY.

Offices, No. 9, Great St. lielcFs-Churchyard, Bishopsgate-street.
They arc packed in showy leaden canisters, from one ounce to a
pound, with the price and weight marked on each packet, and but
ittle trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only I Is. per
annum, and many during the last nineteen years have realised con-
siderable incomes by the agency without one shilling let or loss.
Application to he mnde (if by letter post-paid) as above.

Guineas.
B m by Albemarle, out of Shoveler, 3 yrs, by
Emilius
M by Bay Middleton—Appolonia, 5 yrs —Emilius 20
Receipt, by Rowton, dam by Sam, 8 yrs--Emilius 35
Menalippe, by Merchant, out of Mendizabel's dam—

Eniiiiiis
Lantern, by Lamplighter, out of Danois—Emilius 50
Chincilla, by Camel, out of Memina—Emilius
Fortitude, by Whiskey, out of Fortuna—Emilius 72
Appollonia, by Whisker, out of My Lady—Emilius 51
Exotic, by Emilius, out of Flora—Erymus • 62
Erica, by Emilius, out of Shoveler—Commodore
and Erymus B3
Maria (dam of Euclid, &c.)—Emilius 450
Bay colt foal, own brother to Euclid
Messene' by Merchant, dam by Phantom—Emilius 105
Ensidia, Sister to Egeria—Erymus and Commodore 150
Variation, by Bustard, out of Johanna Southcote—

Emilius
Mustard, by Merlin (dam of Mango, &c.)—Emilius 200
Mangel Wurzel, by Merlin (dam of Egeria, &c.)—
Emilius l2O
Tarantella, by Tramp, out of Taurus' dam—Emilius 155
Ophelia, by Bedlatuite (dam of E.o.)—Emilius l3O
Victoire, by Wkisker (dam of Perseus, &c.)—Euclid 27
Equation, Sister to Euclid—Erymus
Egeria, by Emilius, out of Mangel Wurzel—Erymus 380

All ,contrnent upon this course would, in the opinion of the Coin-
mittee, be idle.

Subjoined, for the information of the Shareholders and the public,
is an aocurate table of the actual distances, and also a list of the
Provisional Committee of the I.ondon and York Company, pub-
lished in May last, including names that will be taken by the pub.
lic as a guarantee against any such conduct as is implied by the as.
"mations of Sir John Rennie and Co.
By order of the Committee of Direction,
J. R. MO WATT, Secretary.
°Aces, 7, Lothbury, London, October 3, 1844.

YOUNG ENGLAND.
(From the Times.)
The question has been often repeated with more or
less scepticism and superciliousness, " What is Young
England, and what does it mean ?" All that people
knew, or affected to know, was, that half a dozen per-
sons lad agreed in the very ordinary project of decrying
things as they are, and wishing back again things as they
were. There was nothing in this, or at least there might
be nothing, but a very irrational excess of a very com-
mon sentiment. " Once on a time," is the delightful era
of the fables which filled the mind of infancy, and colour
even the speculations of manhood. A craving for the
past is natural to many, for the simple reason that it is
not practical, and, so far from involving us in the painful
responsibilities of action, is a ready excuse for doing
nothing, Then it must be remembered that history is
always dressed up ; the best things are best told, and
naturally leave a more abiding fragrance behind them.
So, all things considered, the above project, if project it
could be called, seemed to many about as stale, common-
place, and idle an affair as could be pretended or con-
fessed to. Then, when people came to look for actual
results, if they were unfavourably disposed at first,
they were not satisfied afterwards. The workings of
Young England seemed as
.incongruous as they were
objectionable. One of the party was for restoring
monasteries and the Book of Sports, and for repeal-
ing the Statute of Mortmair. Another appeared
anxious, in his own person, to bring controversy to the
trial by wager. Another wrote .a hook, showing up
in very good style the Peers and politicians of these our
gentile times, but containing nothing serious or intelli-
gible, except it were the praises of Judaism. It was
difficult either to approve these things severally, or to
reduce them to a common term. So, what was Young
England, and what did it really mean ? Now it may
be fair to ask this question, but not to insist on a dis-
tinct and immediate answer. A school of opinions may
be very good and sound, and pregnant with great re-
sults, without being as perfectly producible as so many
pounds, shillings, and pence, in answer to a pecuniary
demand. Some projects there have beer, and are now,
which a man can put into your hand at once, without
their being necessarily all the better for it. Everybody
who takes the trouble may ascertain to the smallest iota
what:Mahomedanism or Mormonism is. Socialism and
Chartism glory in their explicitness. Religious dogmas,
true or false, are, of course, meant to be clear. But
when you come to schools of opinion, they must start
with broad principles or preferences. Time works them
into shape, and gives them their actual objects. But no
school, no party whatever, will stand the test of a
scrutiny pushed as far as hostility or suspicion may
choose to push it. No school can at first say what it
will do, or what it will be. Was Pitt thirot same- from
first to last, or could he have laid down in 1780 the
exact course he intended to take, or even the exact
principles on which he intended to act, for the ensuing
six and twenty years ? What is Toryism ? Yet
Toryism is no longer a future scheme, but a past
history. You may sit down to analyze it, if you
can, in your study ; and put into the crucible every man,
every deed, and every word of the whole party from be-
ginning to end. It can only be resolved into a few ge-
neral preferences, most inadequately and inconsistently
followed out. Conservatism is something too hazy and
fugitive to talk about. It has passed off like the tail of
a comet, about which the astronomical world was exactly
divided on the question whether it had a nucleus or not.
The statesmen now in power know so well the perils of
superfluous particularity, that they neither answer any
questions nor indulge in any distinct anticipations.
Their underlings who fall into the error, either through
the ardour of sincerity, or the stratagems of the foe, are
sure to be severely snubbed by their leader, than whom
futurity itself is scarcely- more dark and inscrutable.
Such is the course of Providence, and such Sir Robert
seems to think ought to be the course of those who, under
Providence, conduct the affairs of empire.
" Prudens futuri temporis exitum
Caliginosii nocte premit Deus ;
Ridetque si mortalis ultra
Fas trepidat. Quod adest memento
Componere mqutts:
That is all the comfort the Premier offers to the trepi-
dations of his followers. "Don't inquire beyond your
mortal capacity. Make up your minds to what you see,
and be content." The wisdom of his course is not to
be disputed, as we do not see how the Government, under
existing circumstances, can otherwise be carried on.
His opponents are becoming equally sagacious, and in-
deed have never shown any disinclination to trim their
course to events. It is impossible to say what either
party is aiming at—i. e., in the way of principle, for
place and power are objects intelligible enough. Of
course, in such an universal mist of opinions, every
party is anxious that some other party should show
itself. " Only let us know who you are, and what you
are, and what you are going to do," is the universal
expostulation, though often a very insidious one. It
generally means nothing more than " show yourself, and
be shot at." The object is to induce some political rival
to precipitate and founder his plans, or perhaps to make
plans which events are not ripe for, and which can be
more easily demolished now than ten years hence.
On the whole, therefore, we think that " Young
England" is quite justified in standing to a few
general preferences, and waiting for the slow and
natural developments of time. It cannot be a tree
all at once. At present, we readily grant its light
is somewhat hazy and prismatic. New and old, Chris-
tian and Jewish, Papistic and Protestant, monastic and
sportive, literary and belligerent, commercial and aris-
tocratic, popular and feudal, it presents a very remark-
able specimen of those many-refracted hues which are
always found more or less in the light transmitted
through various terrestrial media. But so long as it
prospers and gains fresh suffrages' it can well afford the
imputation of indistinctness in a day when nothing is
distinct, when every man and everything is changing,
no one knows or seems to care into what. In such a
state of things it is evident that general principles, ex-
cept, and in subordination to, the express canons of sacred
truth, are the safest and the only guide. Thus far these
gentlemen have been quite as forward to embrace oppor-
tunities and show themselves as their most impatient ad-
mirers could desire. On two occasions within a week,
at Manchester and at Bingley, have they presented them-
selves personally before two very different auditories,
and said—not quite all they had to say, for with imagi-
nations so fertile, and memories so stored, that would
be no easy task, but—as much as could be ex-
pected. On both these occasions they have
_shown
themselves the friends of improvement, and, if
one may use that much-abused word, of progress.
They have advocated with extraordinary eloquence
increased attainments and increased comforts:_rehleerveataiorne
both of mind and condition, for the many
lovers of comfort who commend ordinancethe
ionfdietstwiteuii
tion, and there are lovers of learning who t think
for others to be ignorant. There are also those who wish
others to be as themselves, but will not go through the
Heaven. Such
rough work of communicating the gifts of
are not the men of whom their enemies have called, and
who are not ashamed to be called, " Young England."
If we might resolve their recent acts into any one prin-
ciple, we should say it is an acknowledgment of the
great but neglected truth, that man is the masterpiece
of the creation and that for him all earthly things are
made and should be administered. He is better than
money, or house, or land, or rank, or learning, or any
work, or quality, or institution of men. As far as the
bulk of our fellow-creatures does not partake of these,
or of the benefits flowing from them, so far are they a
disgrace and a burden to the possessors. The gifts- of
Heaven live and flow. Favoured
their channel, and the menand
classes are
many their most rightful reci-

TABLE OF DISTANCES.

Present
Distance
by existing,'
Railways.

Distance by ,
London and
,Yorkßallway
iby Doncaster

Distance
saved.

London td York • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • •
London to Roll .....• ... • • •
London to Leeds ByOakenshaw
Wakefield
London to Wakefield
London to Bradford •.• . • • ..
London to Halifax .. .. • . .. • • • • • •
London to Huddersfield.. • . . • • • • •