The Sun.
London, England, 1826-05-02 00:00:00

'orther progress, awl being enabled to purchase estates for them-
selves. Such cases as these, however, :occur so rarely, that
:hough tkey produce individual comfort and wealth, they bays
so perceptible influence on the general mass of society, fitr.oh rhe,
4urplus quantity of agricultural productions.
As may be naturally inferi6d, from the system Under which
labour is applied to the land, that labour is performed in the Most
neglige it and slovenly manner possible. No manager of a large
estate can have his eye constantly on every workman ; and when
no advantage is gained by care in the work, it will naturally he
very imperfectly executed. All the operations of husbandry
truck me to be very ill perfornied ; the ploughing is very shal-
low and irregular; the barrows with wooden tines do not pene-
trate sufficient to pull up weeds in fallowing ; the roller is almost
unknown ; and thus the land is filled with weeds of all deAcrip-
tions. I observed the aside want of attention in threshing; and
it appeared to me that a much greater proportion of the grain was
left among the straw, thin in that which has passed,under an
English flail. In short, the natural effects of the system of duty
work was visible in the whole of the administration of Elie large
astaos where it is followed, with the exception of thiwe few pro-
prietwe who have intelligent and active managers, arml are free
from pecuniary embarrassments.

The common course of cropping is, the old arttem oft' whole
yea's &Bow, followest by winter corn. and tittlati`4lo2ltr CSVY'
An I then a fallow again. Thus one-third of the land bears
th fig. The winter crop in the northern part of Poland consists
of wheat and rye; the proportion of the latter:to the' former is
nearly as nine to one, and the wheat enjoys the, benelt of what
lisle manure is preserved. Thus the wheat actually cultivated
doss not occupy more than one-thiftieth part of the arable laud.
In the southern part of the kingdom, the wheat hears a larger pro-
portion to the rye, amounting; on the more tenacious foils, to a
fifth ; and even in some cases, to a fourth part of the rye.
The statements I could collect, And my own observations, led
me to conclude the stock of cattle to be very small in proportion .to
the extent of land, and to the number of inhabitantg. The Go-
verment of Poland has not collected those statistical facts, which
are so regularly registered by the Prussian, and sense other of
the Governments of Germany; where they have been collected,
as in the case of the population of the year 1617, I believe but
little accuracy is to be discovered. I found, in a conversation: with
one of the ntinistetv, to whose immediate department it belonged,
that uo great dependence could be placed on the census of that
year.

In the absence of more recent authority, I avail myself of. a
Prussian document, which shows the numbers of the different
kinds of cattle in the provinces of Hock, in Poland, when it *us
under the dominion of that power. I have no reason to suspect
the accuracy or this official statement, or to believe that this pro-
vince is not equal in live stock to the average of the whole king •
dom. I was told there was in the province of Podolachia, a
greater nudiber of black cattle, and in th►e province of Lublin, a
greater number of sheep, than in Mock ; but those provinces were
repr4sented to me as deficient lii other cattle, the former having
fewer sheep, the latter fewer cows.
In the year 1803, the returns from Pluck were thus-15,08
horses and colts ; 193,54,0 oxen, cows, and young cattle ; 194,103
sheep and la►tibs ; 95,634 swine.
The extent of this province is nearly one-fourth of that of the
three maritime provinces of Prussia ; and thinly as those are stocked
with cattle, in comparison with England, it; will be'seen by the
following statement, how much they exeeed that of the district
in question