The Sun.
London, England, 1844-04-09 00:00:00

IRELAND.

DEP 4RTURE OF MR. O'CONNELL FOR CORE.
DUBLIN', APRIL 6.L--At three o'clock yesterday after•
noon Mr. O'Connell left his res dPnce in Merrion-square,
for .Cork. where he is to be entertained at the Munster
provincial banquet on Monday next. The Hon. Gen-
tl••man was accompanied by Mr. William S. 'O'Brien,
M.P.; Mr. John O'Connell, M.P.; Dr Gray, Messrs.
Thomas Steele, Richard Barrett. and the Rev. Thomas
'Tierney, P.P.

Tittreorh Reporter of Thursday contains the follow-
ing Mr. O'Connell, accompanied by Mr. John
O'Connell, will sleep in Clonmel on Saturday evening,
and will arrive in this city on Easter Sunday about four
o'clock, P.M. •He w:11 be entertained at dinner the same
evening by the Mayor, at whose residence Mr. Smith
O'Brien and a large party are invited 'to meet him. Let-
ters continue to be received from the most remote parts
of the province, requesting to have tickets secured, and
the dinner list is rapidly approaching the numerical ex-
tent for.which accommodation is provided."
LOU I) DE GREY'S REPEAL MAGISTRATE.
The Nenagh Guardian, the Orange organ of the dis-
tr:ct, recently announced that Mr. T. O'Brien had been
ordeiLd from Nenagh to the county of Down ; and the
Newry Tebgraph, the Orange organ in that -county,
confirmed the announcement ; but there has been, it ap-
prars, another countermand. Ireland is Peel's difficulty,
and Mr. I'. 043rien is the difficulty of his Irish Viceroy.
In the • IVenagh Vindicator of this day appears the
following:— •
"Mr..ThontasO'Brien, S.M., has been c-mr,termanded:
The Executive has sent him orders to remain where he
is until he shall resign, we suppose."
The Nenagh Guardian contains the following:—
" Mr, O'Brien, R.Mt, accompanied by a strong party
of polite, was engaged on Thursday in the protectiOri
of a bailiff of Mr; Hill's, who was serving ejectment no-
tices in the..parish of YoughaL A serious . riot had
taken place upon the previous day, in which a boy's
skull was frietured: Mr. O'Brien has taken his dying
depositions. Mr. O'Brien left yesterday (Friday) for
the fair of Castle Otway, the usual scene of many riots."

; ;

I In Harbour—Camperdown and Ocean.
In Dock—Gan -,Ps, Amazon, .lEuius, Lnd Cygnet.
At the Nore—Boscawen.
Paomouorts.—Lieutena tts--Fran;is R. engh'an (ti
(Anson), and Montagu Tnonma (the Thalia), 1831, :o
the rank of Commander.
Second Masters—,F. H. May, of the Frolic, and
Stephen Johns, to the rank of Niaster, vice Hammett,
deceased.

APPOINTMErrrs.--Commander--C. F. Brown (1841),
to the Wolve.•ine, 16, in the East Indies, vice Morris
(acting.)
Lieutenant .—J. B. Emery (1827), of the Comet, to
the Lucifer *than er ; J. F. Lapidge, to the Cyclops
steamer ; George Cleaveland (1842), of the Tartarus, to
the Hecate steamer ; W. IL Church (18:38), to the Tar-
tarus, vice Cleaveland ; R. W. Aldrich (1842). to Op
Firefly ; W. Woolcoek (1809), to the Poictiers ; Richard
Fowke (1816), to the Ocean.

Muter and Pilot—Richard Hoskyn (1837), re-ap-
pointed to the Comet steamer.

- Masters—Stephen Johns, to the Wolverine ; L. C.
Bailey. (1838), to the Firefly. • •
Mates—John Cartwright, from the Caledonia, to the
Cyclops ; W. H. Hood, of the Coast Guard, to tt.e Royal
William ; F. Rooke, to the St. Vincent.
Surgeon—D. Thotrias (1843), to the' Firefly.
Chaplain—Rev. H. Franklin, to the Anieries.
Second Master—G. Stovin; to the Firefly.
Assistant Surgeons=-J.. D. Hooker, 'to the William
and Mary, for special service; J,, P. Lawrence, to the
Styx; J. C. Walsh (1840), of the Lark, surveying
schooner, and .James_Laird (18-t2),- of the Blustliou.,
flag-ship on the West India station (additional), to the
Illustrious,: for hospital service at Bermuda.
NaVal Instructor—K. M. Knapp, to the America.
Clerks in Charge-ZC. E. Colman. from the Admiral's
office on board the Queen, to the Polypherthus ; J. Par-
miter, to the Thames.
Clerk—G. Jeffery- (additional); from the Excellent, to
the Tortoise.
Naval Cadets-4f. M. Elliott, to the Aigle ;W. J.
Smith, to the Bonetta.
Midshipman—The Hon. H. Moreton, to the St.Vinckot.

FACTORIES BILL.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
DEAR SIB,—A wise-acre, signing hirnseT' a "Ten
Hours Man," whose letter you inserted (probably
without reading it) In Thursday'S Sun, bases hfs
profundities on the assumption that ae Manchester
mill-owners, whose -letter to him Sir James tlr"ham
.quoted, - had stated, that they "employed 30,000
persons, andopaid 40,0001. in wages."
If this sage had made use of his eyes, he wOulii
have discovered that the real-statement mule by th-se
gentlemen was, that they "employed 30,000 hands,
and were rated 44,0001. to the poor-rates." 'lt is
scarcely necessary to add another word.
. The comments of the deputation on Lord Ashley's
statements, have completely taken the- ground from
under the feet of that benevolent nobleman, hut
miserable statistician—whose knowledge of the human
system and muscular pawer appears to have been
sufficiently limited to induce belief of scores of
thousands of operatives being able to travel from 19.0
to 250 miles per, week, on foot, month after 'month.
Oh, that good men 'would learn the difference
between a chesnut horse and a horse chesnut before
they began to- legislate ! •
It has been well said, that "an ounce of common
sense is worth_ .a hundred-'weie-ht of Oratory."
Imagine a gentleman, who thinks himself qualified to
direct and alter the principles on which a trade;of
forty millions per annum is based, naively believirg
the statement of a. " MATHEMATICIAN" !I) that, In
some branches of the manufacture, the Operatives',
walked thirty-seven -miles per day ! This, at the
rate of three miles per hour, would consume twelve
hours and a third; yet the Noble Lord never thinks
of: asking what is done in the remainder of the day
When a man walks in a factory, it is to do something;
he is not paid merely for zvalki* !
The difference between the noble Lora's statements
and the facts appears to be only seventy-five per cent.,
so that, by the simple operation of .di% Ming his quan-
tities by Ibur, we get a very 'close approximation to
truth!

As the majority of the House of Commons have
decided that wages- and profits can be regulated by
legislation, and as I am as warm a fiend to the
operative as Lord Ashley, I beg leave to propose thAt
the same oparati:m which is necessary to be performed
with his numbers, to make them agree with fu.ct,
should he performed in regard to the hours of labour,
viz., that the present number should he divided V
four, and no one be allowed to labour more t}w.o
three hours!

A 'SUBSCRIBER.

LIMITATION to the ACQUISITION of
KNOWLEDGE by the LABOURING

CLASSES.

As we strive for an equal degree of justh-e,
an equal degree of temperance,, an equal degree
of veracity, in the poor as in the rich, so ought
we to strive fur an equal degree of intelligence,
if. there Here not a preventing cause. It is
absolutely necessary for the existence of the human
race, that labour should be performed, that fool
should be produced, and other things proided.
human v.elfare requires. A large proportion.of man-
kiwi is required for this labour. Now, then, in re-
gard to all this portion of mankind that labours, only
such a portion of time can by them be given' to the
acquisition of intelligence as can he ab,tratted from
).,hour. The difference between intelligence and the
other qualities desirable in the naiad or man is this,,
that much of time, exclusively devoted to the fixite,-,:
of the associations on which are other qualities depeat,
is not necessary; such trains may go on while other
things are attended to, and amid the whole of the
business of lire. The case is to a certain extent
the same with intelligence, but to a great extent it
is not. Time must be exclusively devoted to the
acquisition of it ; and there are degrees of command
over knowledge to which the whole period of human
life is not more than sufficient. There are degrees,
therefore, of intelligence, which must be reserved to
those who are not obliged to labour. The question
is, and it is a question which none can exceed in im-
portance, what is the degree attainable by the most
numerous class ? To this we have no doubt it will,
in time very clearly appear that a most consolatory'
answer may be given. We have no doubt it wild
appear that a very high degree is attainable by therm
It is now almost universally acknowledged that, on nh
conceivable accounts, it is desirable that the great
body of the people should not be wretchedly poor;
that when the people are wretchedly poor, all classes.
are vicious, all are hateful, and all are unhappy. If so,
far raised above wretched poverty as to be capable
being virtuous, though it be still necessary for Corm
to earn their read by the sweat of their brow, they
are not bound down to such incessant toil es
to have no time for the acquisition of know.
ledge and the exercise of intellect. Above,
all, a certain portion of the first years of life:
are admirably available to this great end. With a
view to the productive powers of their very labour, it
is desirable that the animal frame should not be d--
voted to it before a certain age, before it has ap-
proached the point of maturity. This holds in re-
gard to the lower animals; a horse . is less valuable,
less in regard to that very labour for which he
_ is
valuable at all, if he is forced upon it too soon. There
is an actual loss, therefore, even in productive..
powers, even in good economy,
and in the way of
health and strength, if the young of the human species
are bound close to labour before they are fifteen or
sixteen years of age. But if those years are skilfully
e.s.
in of
knoledge,
intelligence in rend
de-
pends,r
i
ningpahlltehdoisne the acquisition
habitual
it may he easly !howl) th at a ver de-
to
on
foundation may be laid for a life of men-
whichgree of intellectual acquirements b
may gained ;
life of wisdom, and reflection, and in-
that
tiaat
cafiaarT a
genuity, even in those by whom the most ordinary
labour will fall to be performed.—Eacyclopeediet Bri-
tannica,- Seventh Edition. Art. " Educatioar by
James Mill, Esq., late of the India House.

WOOD PAVEMENT.—(Front a Cerrespondent.)—
Notwithstanding the exertions of the various' patent•
tees and the willingness of the public to patronise wooden
pavement, it Is in vain to deny the fact that, it is
rapidly losing ground, while it daily becomes more
evi-
dent that it is unsuitable us a mode okpaving, and wanting
in the essentials of safety, durability, or economy.. By
a return famished by Mr. Harvey-, the Commissions r
of the City 'Police, it appears , that in the leading
thoroughfares in the City there are 1,237 yards (4*
wood pavement, and that in a given period no fewer
than 297 accidents occurred from horses falling.,
while during the same days upon 4.122' yards of stote.
pavement only 51 horses fell. The Life Gbards, during
the last winter, showed that discretion was the better
part of valour, and. avoiding Regent-street,:went down l,••
mount gua-d by Bond-street and St. James's-street.
while "Hoby's," where the roadway "dishes" into S.
James's-street, has become a receiving-house for the
horsemen who slip and are picked up at the
corner. The durability of the woad-pevement is chi-
merical : if it is quite smooth it• certainly' lasts :some •
time, as no traffic can go over it tti wear it out ; but it'
it is grooved for safety, the edges wear down directly,
as in Regent-street, and the block ht-pared •away. and
But it is the
then the street is stopped for reparation.'
question of expense whieja will put an extitiguisl ter upon
wood. It is impossible. to lay it down under tts ler
square yard per !minim, while Boud-:,treet is Mac-,
adamized 'mid watered at 7d. per square .yard, and :he
small granite paveinent, like London-bridge, mail- be laid
down at a 'much smaller • annual charge. fit is n• t
surprising that the inhabitants of the leadi ag strveta
should prefer the quietness of Wood pavement; but when
they find that this quiet is increased by the a voidance of
these streets hr hors-men and carriages ; when they
find their trade leaving them, and .their pavi ng-ratre In-
creased Dive-fold, they will do as Messrs.. swan '
Edgar, and many leading houses in Regene-stmea, hays
done—sign a nactnorial to the Commissiontsrs ate Nif(,d4
and Forests agaiii,t any More being laid down, or wheu
they have the power in their o's n hands, they will do as
the inhabitants of St. Andrew's, Holborn, and Si.
George the Martyr, did a short time since— turn cut
twenty-one paving Commissioners who voted fix: wooden
pavement, and thereby increased the rates greatly, and
elect twenty-one gentlemen pledged against it.