The Sun.
London, England, 1828-10-06 00:00:00

VIRGINIA WATER.

Virginia Water was planted, and the lake exe-
cuted, under the direction of Paul Sandby, at a
time when this part of Windsor Forest was the fa-
vourite residence of Duke William of Cumberland.
The artificial water is the largest in the kingdom,
NS:l', perhaps,
with
igretrelhiae single exception of Blenheim ; the cascade
is, atpthe most striking imitation we have of
I works of nature; and the grounds are ar-
ranged in the grandest style of landsrape-g,ardening.,
The neighbouring scenery is bold and rugged, being
the commencement of Bagshot-heath; and the,va-
riety of surface agreeably relieves the eye, after the
monotony of the first 20 miles from town, which
fatigues the traveller either, upon the Bath or
western roads. At the time when the public were
allowed to visit Virginia Water, the best point of
entrance was at the gate at Bishopsgate ; near which
very pretty village, or rather green, the Royal Lodge
is at present situated. Shelley, who had a true eye
for the picturesque; resided for some time at this
place; and it would have been difficult for a poet
to have found in any of the highly cultivated counties
of England a spot so full of the most exquisite va-
riety of hill and dale, of wood and water—.—so fitted
to call forth and cherish the feelings upon which
poetry must depend for its peculiar nurture.
Bishopsgate is situated about a mile to ale right
of the western road from London, after you ascend
the hill beyond Egham. To the left, St. Anne's
Hill, the favoured residence of Charles Fox, is a
charming object; and upon the ridge which the
traveller ascends, is a spot which has given a name
to Denham's celebrated poem. " Cooper's Hill" is
not shut out from the contemplative searchers after
the beauties of nature; and, however the prospect
here may be exceeded by scenes of wider extent, or
more striking grandeur, certainly the locale of the
earliest, and perhaps the best descriptive, poem of
our language is calculated to produce the warmest
feelings of admiration, both for its actual beauty and
its unrivalled associations. From an elevation of
several hundred feet, you look down upon a narrow
fertile valley, through which the Thames winds
with surpassing loveliness. Who does not recollect
the charming lines with which Denham describes
the " silver river:"--

" Oh ! could I flow like thee, and make thy stream
" My great example, as it is my theme ;
" Though deep, yet clear; though gentle, yet not dull ;

" Strong without rage; without o'erflowiug
Immediately at your feet is the plain of Runnemede
where the great battle between John and the Barons
was fought : and in the centre of the river is the
little fishing island where Magna Charta was signed.
At the extremity of the valley is Windsor Castle,
rising up in all the pomp of its massive towers. We
recollect the scene as Windsor was. Whatever Mr.
Wyattville may have done for its internal improve-
ment, and for its adaptation to the purposes of ti
modern residence without sacrificing all its character
of antiquity, we fear that he has destroyed its pictu-
reSque effect in the distant landscape. Its old elm-
raCteristic feature was that of a series of turrets ris-
ing above the general elevation. By raising the
intermediate roofs, without giving a proportionate
height to the towers, the whole line has become
square and unbroken. .This was, perhaps, an una.
voidable fault; but it is a fault.

From Cooper's. Hill, the entrance to Virginia
Water is a walk of a quarter of an hour. We were
accustomed to wander clown a long and close plan-
tation of pines, where the rabbit ran across with
scarcely a fear of man.. A, more wild and open
country succeeded ; and we then followed the path,
through many a " bosky bourn," till we arrived et
rustic bridge, which crossed the lake at a narrow
neck, where the little stream was gradually lost
amongst the underwood. A scene of almost nnri,
valled beauty here burst upon the view. For nearly
mile a verdant walk led along, amidst the choicest
evergreens, by the side of a magnificent breadth of
water. The opposite shore was rich with the
heather-bloom ; anti plantations of the most gracetni
trees, the larch, the ash, and the weeping- birch
(" the lady of the woods"), broke the line of the
wide lake, and carried the imagination on, in the
belief that some mighty river lay beyond that
screening wood. The cascade was at length reached.
Cascades are much upon the same plan, whether na-
tural or artificial ; the scale alone makes the differ-
ence. This cascade is sufficiently large not to look
like a plaything! and if it were met with in West-
moreland or Wales, tourists would dilate much upon
its beauties. At this point the water may be easily
forded; and after a walk of the most delicious Cr-
elusion, we used to reach a bold arch, over whicill
the public road was carried. Here have been ereeted
some of the antique columns that, a few years ago,
were in the court-yard of the British Museum.
From this arch a variety of walks, of the most
delightful retirement, present themselves. They are
principally bounded with Vflrious trees of the pine
tribe, intermingled with laurel anti acacia. The
mad gradually ascends to a considerable elevation,
where there is a handsome building, called the Bel-
vedere. The road from this spot. is very eltartnii%.
We descend from this height, through a wild path,
by the side of trees of much more ancient growth
than the mass around ; and, crossing the high road,
again reach the lake, at a point where its dimensions
are ample and magnificent. About this part a splen-
did fishing-temple has lately been erected. Of its
taste we can say nothing.
The common road from Blacknest (the name of
this district of 'Windsor Forest) to the Royal
is strikingly beautiful. Virginia Water is crossed
by a very elegant bridge, built by Sandby ; on
lone
an expanse of di,
age—a Chinese temple; on the other it ranges ()vet. ,
abroad expanse of water. The road sometltnes re.
side of it the view terminatesiiiii)l‘,‘,,tsiosieytnnoef‘ tee,hcie
minds one of the wildness of mountain scenery, and
at another ti,r,hniedhistpi
agricultural district. We at lengthand
all the fertility of a pfoeractehtv'titiv
we look upon a vista of
domain
who have a feelino
ti)eed g edge
of
f theth
eßhoielyl(aml
~LaonddgeL e
most magnificent
most striking forest scenery, with the
13plendid
Castle terminating the prospect--a riltraiment of
country's honour may well uphold and cherish.
London Afogozine. liaoYses
past glories,

.--The fancy ball
givenC at the EN
AssemblyilAli Rooms( c r. 1
last night was of the most
brilliant description; many of the dresses were splendid in
the extreme, and the variegated scene was enriched by
beautiful grouper,
embracing the costume of almost every
country, from the
highland belle, to the eastern houri.
The only attempt, however, at supporting a character (and
a very successful one) was, that made by Dr. BotsRAuFN,
who enacted the Deaf Lover with infinite humour and
tdent. The refreshments and supper did
great credit to
GUNTON, considering the short time allowed him to prepare.
Colonel O'NExt. presided, and was surrounded by a blaze of
rank, fashion, and beauty. We observed Lady IL Mu RAM',
Lady W. SOMERSET, Lady A. FRASER, two Ladies CI A_
with others of distinction, attended by their knights,
amongst whom were many gallant heroes who had fought
and bled in their country's cause. An abundant flow of
champagne was not wanting to elicit the 350 sit, and
cnhance the fascinations of the evening, but we Lave not
time at present to enter into particulars of this ,plendid
fete, the details of which, we have no donht• very abort].)
be made known to the public,

SPIRIT OF THE LONDON JOURNALS.

(FROM THE TIMES.)

We this day publish the literal form of that pro-
clamation, addressed by the Lord Lieutenant to the .
peasantry of the south of Ireland, of which we gave,
though briefly, the exact substance and character in
last Saturday's 'rime:. It was represented by us to
he more in the nature of a salutary " warning" to
the poor Irish, than of an angry or irritating denun-
ciation ; and in truth it is denominated by the
power which issues it, a strict and solemn "warn-
ing" to his Majesty's subjects, to discontinue hence-
forth any of those meetings or assemblies which form
the subject of the proclamation. No lawyer—cer-
tainly- not Mr. O'Connell or Mr.Shiel—will deny
that organized assemblages, like those which have
lately been collected from far and near in the southern
counties, are decidedly " illegal;" and all men, whether
lawyers or riot, must confess that they are politically
dangerous. In the present excited condition, therefore,
of Irish parties on both sides of the question, it would
have been a gross imprudence to leave the most nume-
rous and inflammable classes of society exposed to
the unchecked vehemence of their own impetuous
passions; and the Catholic leaders, and men of edu-
cation and property, whether priests or laymen, have
almost without exception taken the same course as
is now adopted by the Irish Government, viz. that
of beseeching the.fieople to abstain from disturbing
ilte community, and precipitating themselves into
ruin. It would be difficult to imagine expressions
better chosen than those of the Lord Lientenant's
proclamation to convince the peasantry that it could
have been suggested by none but a kind and pater-
nal spirit, and that there was nothing harsh, vindic-
tive, or hostile towards them in the designs enter-
tained by the Government. At the same time we
must once more observe, that neither humanity nor
justice will have been satisfied until some powerful
measures are taken towards putting down the
abominable fury of the Brunswick persecutors in the
northern counties of Ireland. Their conduct is the
more to be feared-as well as hated, because they,
pretend to be, and.are in a great measure, persons
farther removed from poverty and ignorance than the
poor Catholic, peasants. They (the club men) have
no humiliations to irritate them. They have no
sense of injury to impel. them—no wrongs, whether
civil or religious, to redress : they enjoy—they.mo-
nopolize every thing. Their outrageous language
at the liberal policy imputed—we know not how
justly.--to Ministers, is nothing but the savage. howl
of the wolf, when he scents the interference of the
shepherd. If Government forbids the sufferer to
complain too loudly, the wrong-doer may surely be
restrained from adding insult, menace, and violence
to the injustice of which he daily devours the fruits.
If the Catholic may not meet his unarmed fellows.
in green uniform, why should the Orange Man be
still at liberty to range the- kingdom 'with a musket
in his hand, and to disgrace the scarlet livery of his
Sovereign by making it the avowed signal of a mili-
tary organization for the slaughter of his Majesty's
subjects ? But we hope better things from Lord
Anglesea's spirit,than the undisturbed perseverance
of the Orange bravoes in their seditious and insur-
rectionary course. Their threats are a thousand
times fiercer than those of the Catholics, more
alarming towards their fellow-citizens, and towards
the Government itself, more insolent, contemptuous,
and unpardonable. If the Government means to
stand at all, it must stand independent of both par-
ties. It is now but the recognized creature of one
of them, and that the most unprincipled and. odious.
The wording of the proclamation is such un-
doubtedly as to render it available against Orange
meetings, no less than to those of the un-
armed peasantry; but the question is, will it
be employed against both nuisances with equal
courage? Government, it appehrs, is not wanting
in preparations to support its own acts by a suitable
Bower. Troops are moving towards the south (and
why not towards the north ?) of Ireland : and a rein-
forcement of several regiments proceeds across the
Channel. One letter from a military correspondent
at Bath, states that the 21st Fusileers, quartered in
that city, received the route for Ireland on Friday
afternoon. The order came from the Irish Govern-
bnent, through the Field-officer of the district at
Bristol. The regiment was to march early on Satur-
day from Bath, to reach Bristol at eleven o'clock,
and there to embark immediately on hoard two
steam-boats for Waterford. From Manchester and
Chester two other regiments of Infantry are now
on their way to Dublin. A battalion of the Cold-
stream Guards left London for Manchester on Wed-
nesday, to replace the battalions ordered off.afrom
that quarter to Ireland ; and the let Dragoon
Cuards have moved westward from York, as it sup-
posed, on, the same destination. We learn from
Dublin, that immediately after the breaking up of
the Council on Tnesday, Major Walcott's troops of
horse Artillery, and the fine Regiment of the 7th
Hussars, received orders to hold themselves in readi-
ness to march to the south at-five minutes' notice.
They had not left Dublin Or' Wednesday afternoon,
lint were all confined to barracks, with baggage
packed up, and waiting for the word. As precan-
ricer, these arrangements are strictly necessary;
every proof of foresight in the Government is-essen-
tially merciful and paeifir. The use of force is often
best avoided by the display of it.

(ritom Tux cnitotuar.)
When associations were entered into in Ireland
against. paying the Tithe of Agistment, Lord Pri-
mate Boulter writing to the Bishop of London
(May is, 1736), very naively observes, " I cannot
help thinking that one great occasion of this rancour
against the Clergy is the growth of atheism, pro-
faneness and immorality. God in his good time
put a stop to it!" The Lord Primate's definition
of Atheism is anwillingn„, to pay tithes. Religion
and tithes were with him synonymous. The great-
est Atheists were, of course, the Scotch Presbyr
terians. " The Gentlemen of this country have,"
he says, " ever since came hither, been talking to
others, and persuading their tenants who.complained
of the excessiveness of the!r rents, that it was not
the paying too much rent, but.too much tithe, that
impoverished them ; and the flOtiGn soon took among
Scotch Presbyterians, as a great part.olthe Protes.
tants.in the North are, who, :it may easily be sup_
posed, do not pay tithes with great cheerfulness,"
From the first establishment of a Church and State
Religion in Ireland, to the present day, Prim
Boulton's definition could never, have been inappKell li-
w
cable. Religion was money, and money
sign as
; Religion was at a low ebb when tithes Were
!ladly paid, and flourishing when tithes wore
prodoctive. The religious. improvement of the
people was even discouraged, as imposing
heavier duties on incumbents, and consequently
rendering benefices less valuable. Hence the note-
rions discouragement of the attempt of Bishop
Bedell (who cawed the Bible to be translated into
Irish), and one or two other sincerely pious indi-
viduals, to communicate religious instruction to the
natives, through the only language intelligible to
them. Borlase, in . his reduction of Ireland, ob-
serves, with respect to a lecture once cet • up for
teaching Irish, that it had a good issue, " inasmuch
t„ some of the English (preaching constantly in
Irish) gained, first, an acceptance of their persons,
then of their doctrines." But these were not the
views that guided the friends of the Protestant reli-
gion in Ireland. And accordingly, so magnanimous
has -been their liberality in the way Of souls to the
Catholic Clergy, that though there are three mil-
lions of Irish in the present day, who cannot under-
stand any other than the Irish language, there is
not a Protestant clergyman who can address them
in that language. The Swedish and Danish Go-
vernments have always provided for the wants of
q
the handful of Laplanders spread over the extre-
mities of their dominions clergymen ualified to
preach to them in their own language. But the
object of a Church and State religion is to pro-
the
vide for very different wants—namely,
wants of the individuals to whom • the tithes
and church lands are 'conveyed, the only
art of religion which has never been, and never
p Tha-Tiay. Phelan), Fel-

low of Trinity College, a gentleman who, was ex-
amined at great length' by the Committee on the
State of Ireland, in a pamphlet againSt the Bible
Society, published in 1817, which obtained con-
siderable celebrity, has this significant.observation,
that " whatever be the cause, a good Protestant
generally signifies, with Irish Churchmen, a stre-
nuous opponent of the political pretensions of the
Roman Catholics. This is mentioned, not from the
smallest desire to intermeddle in political questions
(a supposition which I most earnestly deprecate),
hut because it both confounds the moral sense of the
lower ranks of Churchmen, and countenances a
most pernicious and prevalent opinion among all
description of eople in Ireland, that the Established
Church was, and is, intended merely as a political In-
stitution." It is well that there should bean under-
standing on these matters. Many people in this
country, not being aware of the prevalent opinion
among Churchmen and all descriptions of people in
Ireland that the Church is intended merely as a poll-
tical institution—that is, as giving a title to so much
money have been shocked at the perpetual exhorta-
tions to carnage, carried as far as extermination, from
Protestant Clergymen at meetings.. But they might,
with as much reason, have been shocked at the
conduct of the. Knights of St. John of Jerusalem—
an ecclesiastical militia, whose business was to prey
upon the Turks, just as the Irish Protestant Clergy
are a sort of ecclesiastical militia appointed to prey
on the mere Irish. Had there been no Turks, what
would have become of the poor Maltese Knights ?
Were there no Catholics, the Protestant Clergyman
of Ireland, now released frem all care of souls, would
be obliged to descend from the character of the
hero, ready to fight knee-deep in blood, at the head
of his Orangemen, to that of a common religious
instructor. Religion never can be in a more high
and palmy state than that in which it now is in
Ireland—never can be in a state more calculated to
provoke doughty combatants for it. The Conti-
nental Nations, from not taking this view of the
matter, are constantly out in their speculations.—
They suppose we are an intolerant people in the
sense in which intolerant was used 200 years ago.
No such thing. •Our intolerance is that of a dog,
who, while delightfully occupied with his bone, sees
another dog's mouth watering for it. The belly has
in all times, in all countries, and with all animals,
been exclusive and intolerant. Were a part of the
finances of the Church derived from the money col-
lecting at Jaggernaut, Jaggernaut would be de-
fended as a bulwark of the establishment, and the
support of the Protestant religion.
(FROM TUE yaws.)
- •

THE MONARCHICAL CHARACTER : ITS ORIGIN
AND INFLUENCE ON THE FORMS OF GOVERNMENT.
—As far as we cap trace the origin of Kings, with-
out reference to Scriptural History, we shall find
that they were less a part of military than of civil
institutions; being a kind of chief magistrates. In
the oldest materials of Government, we find the
Kingly station studied as the art of 44 making life
easy, a people happy ;" a purpose that would now
be regarded as a matter of romance. The ne plus
ultra of the infamy of Kings was, in those days,
the refusal of honourable burial ; and this was the
assigned condemnation of such who had not duly
studied and enforced those principles of rule which
promoted the prosperity of the people.—lf we should
offer to judge the power of the ancient empires, only
in relation to the few materials of history that are
left to us ; and as are borne out by the ruins of their
cities,—it would almost appear that we have as much
lost sight of the true principles of the science of Go-
vernment, as we have of other arts appertaining to
the splendour and the comforts of life; but all this
accumulation of evil and of error, though piled up
in the-forms of science and knowledge, may be con-
sidered as fairly attributable to the perversion of tbe
ends and the usesOf the regal character. Whether,
this deterioration of true Royalty was induced by the
similar comiption of successive Priesthoods; or whe-
thee it was the cause of such corruption in the Priests,
must remain doubtful, unless we had more tangible
materials by which to judge of them respectively.
As twin powers they have gone. down together.
The Laws of Nations, from time to time, took up an
entire new character, as Kings and Priests became
less Virtuous] and the power which was given only
to promote good, became gradually the instrument
of evil. Ancient Egypt had thirty Judges, selected,
as vacancies occurred, from 'the wisest and best
men, in three of . their most celebrated cities, vIZ
Heliopolis, Thebes, and Memphis; and from these a
President was chosen, who was distinguished from
the others by wearing a gold chain, from which was
suspended an image of precious stones, called Truth.
It is no little proof of the simplicity of justice, when
it is considered that all the Laws of this stupendous
Empire were comprised in eight books ! There was
no trade made of ..Luovicrs and Advocates: the
Egyptians had passed throuah that ordeal of Judicial
error; and cast away the whole system as vicious,
and productive only of evil and oppression. In their
Courts, the plaintiff set forth his case with his proofs
in writing (a copy of which was given to the de-
fendant) and the defendant replied to the same in
writing ; the plaintiff was allowed to . reply, in
the same way, and the defendant to rejoin;
the Court then considered, and awarded the judg-
ment. The Judges being paid by the King, the
process was altogether without .expense; and
the truth was infinitely more readily discovered
by the principals being necessarily present. No
man was allowed to speak in his • own case;
because no advantage should be taken under the cir-
cumstances of the disparity of oratorical powers. In
written statements, which were to be judged by their
plainness and intelligibility, all parties stood on a.
level ; and all nations which would study the ends
of Law, must come back to thisland-mark. With
the whole trade of Lawyers and 'Advocates, ancient
Egypt thus cut away one great source of corrupt
patronage, in the Crown or the Goverment ; and a
further source, of corruption was done away with in
the principles on which the army was established ;
it being a maxim that men of bad, or even doubod,
or needy characters, should not be entrusted with
the defence of their country. Here the Monarchy
stood on is basis exchisively its own ; it had a dis-
tinct and obvious province, out of which it could not
travel but it the expence of its own true character.
If we look into the Laws which were incident to
this state of the Government, we shall find that the
greatest punishments were those which struck at the
root of
a class of crimes most interfering with the
best order and interests of society. Their capital
punishments were chiefly awarded against perjury,
parricide, &e, h was held that the person'of the
subject was the property of the State; the Egyptians
could not understand the policy that a useful member
of society should be sacrificed to the cruelty or
avarice of individuals. • is not perhaps too much
to saYthat both the Greeks and Romans derived the
sottna estlrinci pies of their knowledge from the ruins of
Egypt. The chief ridicule that has been thrown on thii
the most ancient of nations, is directed at their ido-
latry ; and their worship-of particular 'animals • and
"w3nc a
and point US out any
people who have • not shown
equal weaknesses worldreoithe vnetip in any age Turn
with the least show of reason.
you may chose to name;
with the Egyptians, With all the
the power
witness the inscri •
detail of numerous Gods, they connected
of a Supreme Deity; inscriptions to
hew cite, art all things •
Isis; " To thee, w .. the
Goddess Isis." while admitting the same prin-
ciple, in another form, there has been no creed, up
to the present hour, which is not marked more or
less by a remnant f Poiyagisflz s yet
if we
once
depart from the abstraction of one great_ a.nd single
power, none can say where the absurdity shall_e d
for there is little difference in the belief of two
Gods,
and two hundred. The only way by which the
wisdom of any nation can be fairly tested is, the con-
dition of the people; the Law, the Government, the
Religious Creed, &c., are all but a continuation of
Monarchy; with the change of the one, 'ail
the others may and do change, though impercep-
tibly ; nor does there appear to be any creed on
earth, which a wise or a vicious Government may not
make instrumental to the good or the evil of society.
We have seen little of long-lived Republics; and

we therefore incline-to the belief that the best in:
stituticms of society may be rendered the most per-
manent, under a well regulated Monarchy. But
this does not at present exist in Europe. 'I he Eng-
lish form of the power is the nearest one approach-
ing to just combinations; but the corruptions with
which it has sought to invest and protect its autho-
rity, have become a mill-stone round its neck ; and
are weighing it down to the earth. Its existing
condition is placed in conflict with the ascendant
spirit cf the age ; and hence the undeniable fact
that. the nation, divided against itself, is silent 1 y pre-
paring for a grand struggle. The King only can
cave it from some convulsion ; but with whatever
incipient shivering that struggle may commence,—
no one can foretell how or when it shall terminate.
A rebellion in Ireland may soon extend itself to this
side of St. George's Channel, Before the die is
cast, the Irish people would gratefully recognize any
hope that was held forth from the Throne; but with
Ministers they will . hold no terms that regard a fu-
ture contingency—that day is gone by--delusion is
there too old a game. Reform must now be the
work of the King--Revolution is commonly that of
the people. We do not conceive it morally pos-
sible that the present Administration can come to any
terms with, or conciliate Ireland ; and that there is
no road open by which a rebellion can be avoided,
except a conduct on the part of the Crown which
may not perhaps be expected of it; and yet it might
be expected,if his Majesty were once really apprised
of the actual state of the country ; he would
only have to choose a Ministry .from the elite of
the Opposition, with Earl Grey at their head, and
the tempest would subside in twenty-four hours !
It is to the KING that the nation must now direct

its eyes; the movement of troops in the west of
'England to be ready, when wanted, will only give
caution and decision to the Irish populace ; and
nerve to their purpose. It is said that there is no
rule without an exception ; and therefore must there
be an exception to the principle that a King in. our
order of Government cannot act except under fitt'
responsible advice of some ostensible Minister. Ar 4
think it perfectly competent in his Majesty to at
once exercise the functions of Royalty, in dismiss-
ing his Ministers, and calling his Parliament toge-
ther ; for so far the course would be perfectly con-
stitutional ; and if he could not, by a different Mini-
stry, command the majorities of the House, he can
appeal to the people by dissolving the Parliament.
The Ultras would then find themselves at the lie
plus ultra of their zourse. For even should they
muse all•the ignorance and bigotry of the nation in:a
mass, it would be found powerless against the King's
name ; and the association of all that assemblage of
spirit which the better temper of the age could
muster in such a cause. To the Crown, the mo-
ment is trying and perilous; but let the ends of the
Monarchy—the happiness and prosperity of the
people, be justly considered; how can those objects
be obtained by a policy that must look to the exter-
mination of millions, as the means of its triumph?
We are in the hands of the King; and the future
condition of this empire, as it may be affected by the
resolutions of a few days, is at stake. We are placed
in one of those moments, when the fortunes of
are trembling in the balance.

(FROM THE EXAMINER.)

CAUSE OF SYMPATHY FOR THE TURKs.—Where-
ever we have opportunities of observing the public
sentiment, we find it favourable to the Turks:in the
present contest, and there is a general satisfaction at
the check which the Russian arms have received.
A few years ago, during the heat of the sanguinary
struggle in Greece, one of the arguments for sym-
pathy with the long oppressed people, was .the op-
position of the Crescent to the Cross. We always
thought that this was affording a false pretext for a
worthy sentiment, and that religious opinion bad
nothing to do with the hostility to the Mussnlman
despots; or the friendly disposition to the Greeks.
And now we see the Crescent again opposed to
the CrosS, and the popular sympathies array them-
selves under the infidel banner. Nor is there any
real inconsistency.in the change, though the pre-
tence of a religious partisanship presented in the
former case would seem to give colons- -ftg, such a
charge. The people of England sympathised with
the Greeks merely because they were a people stag:
filing against a foreign oppression, and contending
for their rights. The people of England' also now
sympathise with the Turks because they are fighting
for their homes and their very national existence.
The idea of a country overrun is a fearful one, and
were the Turks yet greater barbarians than they are,
the position of defensiveness would command the
favourable wishes of humanity. The vilest animal
driven into a corner, and exerting all its resources
and its energies for its existence, becomes an inte-
resting creature. The present aspect of affairs would
give us to hope that the much condemned inaction
of this country may, if not pushed too far, prove the
course of the best policy. Belligerants are like Liti-
gants : the• voice otthe moderator is never listened
to until each party is half ruined. From experience
too we should have learnt the advantage of throw-
ing people on their own resources. Our active al-
liances have generally had the effect of paralysing
the energy of our Allies.