The Sun.
London, England, 1844-10-25 00:00:00

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT.
OLD COURT.
(Before Mr. Justice MAIILE and Mr. Baron ROLFE.)
James Ball, 30, was indicted for a felonious assault
upon Lucy Leser.
When the prisoner was placed at the bar he inti-
mated that he expected counsel had been employed on
his behalf.
Mr. Baron ROLFE asked him if he had employed a
professional man ?—The prisoner said he had not, but
the deputy-governor of the gaol had undertaken to
provide counsel for him.
Mr. WILKINS complained of this course of pro-
ceeding, and said that the proper course, when a pri-
soner was not in a position to employ an attorney,
was for him to hand over the depositions or the state-
ment of his case to a counsel in open Court.
Mr. Baron RoLrE said there should be some inquiry,
and he directed the deputy-governor to be sent for.
That functionary soon afterwards came into court,
and, in answer to questions from the Bench, he said
that the prisoner had handed him a sum of money to
provide counsel, anal he had given it to the governor,
who, he understood, would engage counsel fur the
prisoner.
Shortly afterwards Mr. Ballantine rose and said
that he had been requested by Mr. Cope to watch the
case on behalf of the prisoner.
Mr. WILKINS said that the prisoner had, no doubt,
made a judicious selection of a counsel, but he must
say he did not think it a proper course for the officers
of the gaol to act in this manner on behalf of pri-
soners. It placed the whole of the bar under the
favouritism of the governor or the deputy-governor
of the gaol.
Baron RoLrE did not see any harm in the pro-
ceeding. If a prisoner fancied the governor was
qualified to choose a counsel for him, he did not see
how the Court could prevent it.
The trial then proceeded, and the prisoner was
eventually convicted of an assault, and he was sen-
tenced to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for
eighteen calendar months.
Mr. PARRY then addressed the Court in reference
to what had taken place upon the subject of the de-
fence of the prisoner, and wished to know whether
the members of the bar were to understand that the
judges sanctioned or approved of the proceeding of
the governor or deputy-governor of the prison
employing counsel for prisoners.
Mr. Baron ROLFE said he had not expressed any
approval of the proceeding, but what he said was,
that if a prisoner chose to consult the governor as to
whom he should employ for counsel, he did not see
how it could be prevented.
George Weston, 23, John Cooper, alias Twiberlake,
27, and George Jackson, 23, were indicted, the two
first-named prisoners for stealing twelve sovereigns
and other property, belonging to Edward Blundell,
and the other prisoner, Jackson, for receiving a por-
tion of the property, knowing it to have been stolen.
Mr. Simon conducted the prosecution, and Mr.
Baldwin defended the prisoner Cooper. The other
prisoners had no counsel.
The circumstances under which the robbery was
committed were of a most cruel and heartless cha-
racter. The prosecutor was in the service of a builder
in the Belvidere-road, and on the 27th of August
he went to his work, as usual, leaving his wife, who
had only been confined a fortnight, and her nurse, at
home. Shortly afterwards the prisoner Weston went
to the house and asked to see the prosecutor's wife
on particular business, and when she was introduced
to him he told her that a very unpleasant circum-
stance had taken place, that her husband had been
taken into custody upon the charge of robbing his em-
ployers, and that he was a police-constable, in plain
clothes, who was sent with a warrant to search
the house. The poor woman was, of course, dread-
fully alarmed at the story, and, not suspecting
anything wrong, she opened the boxes and cup-
boards, and produced twelve sovereigns, some
silver-spoons, and some articles of jewellery, all
of which the prisoner put in the drawers. After a
close search he said that he did not find any property
he expected, and he would write a letter to the officer
on duty at the station-house, which she had better
take, and at the same time see her husband. He at
the sane time said that a young man in the employ
of her husband's master, was waiting outside, and he
would accompany her to the station-house. The poor
woman, anxious to see her husband, and of coursa
under very great alarm and agitation, consented to do
as Weston suggested, and he then called the prisoner
Cooper, who was standing outside the house, and
asked him to go with Mrs. Blundell to the station-
house, and he would take charge of the property while
she was gone. Cooper and the prosecutor's wife ac.
cordingly went away together, and when they
had gone a short distance, Cooper, under
some pretence, left her, and as he did not
come back so soon as he had promised, her
suspicion was excited, and she returned home,
when she discovered that the moment she had left
Weston had decamped with all the property he could
lay his hands upon. The only evidence against Jack-
son was, that he had formerly lodged in the house of
the prosecutor, and that when he was taken into
custody a wedding-ring, which was believed to ha:'e
been the one stolen from the prosecutor's house, was
seen on his finger ; but as he afterwards contrived to
get rid of it, there was no possibility of identifying
the article.

The jury found Western and Cooper Guilty, and
acquitted Jackson.

CONVERSION OF SIX HUNDRED
ROMAN CATHOLICS TO PROTESTANTISM.

The remarkable conversion of an entire commune,
consisting of upwards of six hundred Roman Ca-
tholics, has been effected by the simple reading of the
Scriptures, circulated by the agents of the London
Bible Society. The commune is called Villefavard,
and is situated in France. We take the following
account of the conversion from a letter of Mr. D.
Pressensee, published in the Bible Society's Monthly
.Extracts :
" I have already spoken to you of the labours of the
Bible Colporteurs in the department of the Haute
Vienne (Limoges), and of the good effected by them
in a commune consisting of six hundred and more
Roman Catholics, where the reading of the' Scriptures
has led the people to make inquiries after a religion
more consonant with the truths of the Gospel. I
have also already mentioned that the Popish clergy
have done all in their power to stop this movement,
and the active and strong manner in which they have
been seconded by the authorities ; yet, notwithstand-
ing all this, the perseverance on the part of the in-
habitants of Villefavard (the name of the commune
here spoken of) has triumphed over every obstacle.
They have come to the happy conclusion, not by
violently resisting the authorities and the priests, but
by declaring as one man (for not a single individual
among them manifested the smallest hesitation) that
they were firmly resolved to embrace the Protestant
Evangelical religion.
" On Sunday, the 7th Sept., the church, on which
the seals had been placed by order of the Sub-Pre-
fect, with a view to prevent the Gospel from being
preached in it, was at length opened, and given up to
the inhabitants, whose property it is. The labours at
this time carrying on in the fields kept many from
attending ; but still the church itself was not only
full, but there were as many as it held standing on
the outside. Mention is made of 1,820 persons from
Villefavard and the neighbouring communes having
been prevent. During the two hours that the service
lasted, the crowd, in the church and outside, re-
mained stationary, attentive, and deeply affected.
Three pastors officiated on the occasion. At the con-
clusion of this meeting many persons from the sur-
rounding communes, who had previously entreated
the minister recently established at Villefavard to
visit them and to converse with them on the Iloly
Scriptures, repeated their request afresh; and there
is reason to hope that the spark, which has thus
fallen in the midst of the department, may soon be
kindled, and burn in all directions.
" ' In the meantime,' writes the friend from whom
the above account has been obtained, ' we behold a
commune, consisting of more than 600 souls, passing
over, with their mayor, their cure (that is, their
former cure, converted to Protestantism, and become
a teacher), and their church to the Protestant faith,
or at least to the Protestant worship ; and if all are
not converted to the Lord, all will at least have, in
future, an opportunity of hearing the Word of God.
Even at present, the reformation which has been
effected in the Commune of Villefavard manifests its
influence upon those around them who are still Ro-
man Catholics, by compelling their clergy to be less
haughty and less exacting."'

FRENCH PRINTS.—A question of some importance
to printsellers and publishers has recently been paid by
the Customs' officers, with respect to the duty to be
charged on prints published in France, and accompanied
by letter-press in illustration of the different engravings.
A case, containing upwards of fifty numbers of a work
executed in France, illustrative of the Chateau d'Eu and
of her Majesty's recent visit to the King of the French
(being, it is understood, a copy of the akum presented
by Louis Philippe to the Queen on the occasion of his
return visit at Windsor Castle), each number containing
six engravings, and accompanied by two pages of letter-
press in the English language descriptive of the prints,
has recently been detained by the officers, as liable to
the duty of five per cent. as books, it being considered
that, being bound slightly together, or rather stitched, as
it is termed, and accompanied by a descriptive account,
it destroyed their claim to being termed simply prints,
and gave them the character of books. Orders have
been issued for the same to be delivered as prints, the
letter-press being merely descriptive of them, duty free,
and directions have been given to the officers to govern
isssmua themselvesptiny.hßd SUBSCRIPTION
descriptive
Ntafiluv future Iroor
later t
taThtei
isinstances,uteinelgengraving,
alavicolnVoiaghu:sne
andrt e,A
aNt
accordingly.
Ddee
00
recdstiinr
nottlD);t.letter-presscon-
tainEN
OF TUE HASWELL SUFFERERS SUNDERLANTo, TITES-
DAL—Upwards of 3,0001, has now been realised in aid
of this benevolent object.

THE SINKING OF THE SPANISH

SCHOONER.

The following is a full and authentic account of the
late untoward affair of the Rayo :
" Between two and three o'clock in the afternoon
of the Ist of October, two vessels were descried
by the sentry on duty, about two miles from the
shore, and nearly opposite to the Governor's cottage,
at Europa, bearing towards the fort. One was a
trader, evidently seeking the shelter of our batteries
from the other, which was closely in chase of her
and which fired a shot at her from a swivel-gun, and
then sent an armed boat in pursuit of her, from which
eight or nine more shots were fired in succession. At
this juncture Captain Aymer, of the Royal Artillery,
having seen and heard several shots fired from
the schooner's boat, fired a shot over the boat in
chase, with the view of bringing her to. Instead,
however, of paying any attention to this signal, she
attempted to pull out to sea, not, however, until her
crew had again fired at the vessel of which she had
been in chase, the schooner continuing her course
after the trader. A second shot was then fired at
the boat, when she returned alongside the schooner,
which persisted in continuing to disregard the signal,
keeping onwards to Europa Point. The 18-pounder
under the flag-staff was then manned, and two shots
were successively fired with the same object,
in front of the schooner, as well as over her,
with as little effect. Another shot was directed at
her rigging,which fell astern of her, to which she paid as
little attention, continuing to bold her course for
Algesiras. Other shots were then fired designedly
wide of her. It appears, however, that one of these
shots took effect upon her hull, and sunk her,
her master and crew having been picked up by a
Portuguese vessel which happened to be at hand.
Meanwhile the trader had been detained close to the
shore under Europa Point, and her master confirmed
the fact that the Rayo and her boat had con-
tinued to fire at his vessel after she had arrived
in the British waters. The catastrophe was per-
fectly accidental, although ,the circumstances of the
case would fully have authorised the authorities o
Gibraltar in firing at the schooner with the view of
sinking her, agreeably with they/all-known regulations
of the port. The trader pursued was not a smuggling
vessel, as was at first supposed. The Rayo was a
Spanish coast guard cruiser, and her fate was entirely
owing to the folly and obstinacy of the person in com-
mand of her, which left the authorities of the garrison
no option in the matter."

_
INTRODUCTION OF BRICKMAKING INTO ENGLAND.
—lt is generally admitted that the Romans introduced
the art of brickmaking into this country, for we have no
account of any being used prior to the Roman Conquest.
Noe does it appear that the Romans employed this ma-
terial otherwise than when compelled to do so is the ab-
sence of other material. The Roman walls were gene-
rally built with cement and tiles, or flint stores laid in
courses at convenient distances to bind the parts together,
and at the external and internal angles, to strengthen
them. These bands consisted of three or four courses of
tiles or stones laid through the wall, and were placed at
two or three feet from each other ; the intermediate
spaces being raised by a sort of cement composed of
mortar and pebbles, and sometimes of rag stones, or such
materials as the country afforded. In this manner the
Nails of Verulam, Colchester, Chesterford, and other
places were built. Alberti tells us, on the authority of
Varro, that the Gauls built their houses of baked brick,
but this does not correspond at all with the incient sim-
plicity of those people, for the use of this materiel always
implies a certain advance in civilisation ; on the other
hand, in places where other material could not be pi•o-
cured, it is very probable they had recourse to unburneil
brick or mud.—The Budder.

SALE OF AMERICAN HAY, &c.—On Tuesday a
sale by auction of 85 bales and 38 half-bales of Ame-
rican hay, imported per the Westminster, from New
York, took place at the offices of Messrs. Keeling and
Hunt, brokers, Monument-yard ; this being the second
sale of a similar article, but which was of a much su-
perior quality than that previously offered for compe-
tition. There were sixteen lots, which realised from
85s. to 965. a ton, a figure from 10s. to 20s. higher
per ton than the former parcels. A mueh larger
quantity could have been disposed of. But fur the
high freightage, which will only be taken by measure-
ment and not by woigkt, a. much larger supply would
be imported. There were also offered for sale 10,2941b5.
of Irish salmon in tins, at sixpence and sevenpence
per lb. There were 68 lots, the tins containing 21bs ,
31bs., and 4lbs. each, and the article was highly approved
of. In a few days a quantity of preserved milk from
the sister island will be put up to auction, the article
being one that has hitherto been sent to the London
market from Scotland.
MANAGEMENT OF BLISTERS....—Dr. Robertson giVcS
the following direction for the management of blisters,
as the result of nearly seventeen years experience:—The
blistering plaster should be spread thinly on paper or
linen, not sprinkled over with powdered cantharides on
the surface ; but instead thereof, a few drops of olive
oil rubbed on it and allowed to remain. Used in tlis
way, he says, the blister acts speedily, and without
causing irritation : with him it never produces atrangury.
He objects to a blister spread upon leather, because
the leather, by the heat of many parts of the body,
becomes dry, partially crisp, and with difficulty ad-
heres to the skin, and thereby prevents it from acting well
and generally over the whole part intended to be blistered.
The blistzr should be spread thinly, because the outer
surface only is efficient ; and when it is used in a thick
layer, it becomes irregular, and consequently partial in
its operation. The powdered cantharides should not be
sprinkled on it, because they will not add to its efficiency,
as they act but slightly on the skin ; but the active prin-
ciple of the Spanish fly being soluble in olive oil, affords
a reason for the use of the oil on the surface of the blister.
Dr. Robertson concludes by remarking, that every one
can make this blister fur himself, of the commonest mate-
rials,-at a very trifling expense, and, if this be any re-
commendation, it will act three, four, or six times, if un-
injured, and the oil gently renewed on its surface.—
Medical Times.

POISONING wt. Paussrc ACID.—We are cognisant
of an instance, where a dispensary physician prescribed
prussic acid for a patient, a certain number of drops to
be taken during the day. The apothecary, to save him-
self trouble, wo presume, gave the patient, an Irishman,
a bottle, containing a quantity of medicinal prussic acid,
unmixed with anything else. The man, calculating that
if five drops would do him good, twenty or thirty would
be much more effectual, took the larger dose, and nearly
paid with his life for his rashness. In both these exam-
ples, had the medicine been dispensed for the patients in
the doses proper to be taken, the consequences which we
have described would have been avoided, and in this
consists one of the many advantages possessed by the
general practitioner over the pure, whether physician or
surgeon, as he can exhibit the medicine he orders in
properly divided doses, can watch and control its effects,
and increase or diminish the dose as he deems it advis-
able, while it is notoriously the practice with the pures,
unless when attending in conjunction with a general
practitioner, to order medicines to be taken by drops,
and of which a quantity is generally directed, sufficient
to last for several days or weeks.—Medical Times.
THE BELGIAN. TARIFF.—The Belgian tariff, which
has just been promulgated, appears to be dictated
chiefly by hostility to English manufactures. Printed
cottons, which hitherto paid 211 francs per 100
kilogrammes (about 2201 b. English), are now to
pay 325 francs. On co:eured or printed silks, the
duties have been raised from four francs per
kilogramme to 10 francs. With regard to France, the
old duties on cotton cloths are w remain for twelve
months. We perceive that some of cur Contemporaries
seem to fear, that the effect of these o;fierential duties
will be to substitute the printed cottons of France
and Saxony for those of Manchester ; but we doubt
whether there is much ground for any such ap-
prehensions. The prints of Rouen and Mulhausen are
widely different from those which we export to Bel.
gium ; and, therefore, unless a considerable change
should take place in the fabrics manufactured by our
continental rivals, they will not come into very serious
competition with our merchants in the Belgian market.
—Manchester paper.
REQUISITION TO THE MAYOR FOR HIS RE-ELEC- •
TION.—We understand that a requisition, signed by
every member of the council of the borough, was pre-
sented to Alexander Kay, Esq., the mayor, on Monday
morning last, requesting that he would allow himself to
be re-elected to that office, which he had filled so much
to the satisfaction of the council during the past year.
We understand that at first the mayor most emphati-
cally declined the intended honour ; but he was so ur-
gently pressed by various members of the deputation,
that at length he promised to consider the matter ; and
ultimately assented to the request of the corporate body.
Indeed, whatever may have been his own feelings on the
subject, it is obvious that, under the circumstances.
scarcely a choice was left to him, the opinion and wishes
of the entire council being so emphatically and una-
nimously expressed. Indeed, as a gentleman possessing
considerable legal knowledge and experience, and being
entirely free from the engrossing demands of a private
business or profession, and thus able to devote his whole
time to his public functions as chief magistrate of Man-
chester, we have no doubt his re-election will give general
satisfaction.—Manchester Guardian.
ARGUMENTS FOR THE PATRIOT AND POLITICIAN.—
It is stated that the distilleries of New York and its
gal-
lons
homeef gene e nmuai nn eu
fwa
cht ius
rkey
tphear t d
requiresay. T i s
nomust
r thee ra species
protec-
tion. At all events, as the Whigs and Locofocos have
now nearly exhausted all other kind of arguments, here
is a supply of a new species that is very potent at the
polls, and particularly at getting up processions, mass
meetings, riots, fights, and rows, and all such necessary
elements in electing presidents and other public men to
office.—New York Herald.

COLLIERS' STRIKE.—A very general strike has
taken place amongst the colliers at Oldbury, for a rise
of 6d. per day. On Monday last, at a very early hour,
they congregated in crowds of about 150 persons, and
went to the different pits to prevent those willing to
work from going down. In this way they succeeded in
keeping most of the men at play. On Tuesday morning
their intentions were frustrated by the very active mea-
sures resorted to by Captain Bennitt, of Dudley, who
was on the ground before five o'clock, and continued to
ride through the different works until after seven o'clock,
accompanied by Sir W. Russell, Bart., of the 7th Hus-
sars, stationed at Dudley, and Colonel Hogg, of the
county constabulary. Colonel Hogg had a strong police
force at West Bromwich, and other places in that loca-
lity, to act if necessary; and we understand Sir William
Russell's troop were in readiness to turn out on the
shortest notice, so that we trust the interruption to this 1
important trade will speedily subside.—Wolverhampton
Chronicle.

DREADFUL ACCIDENT in a STONE
QUARRY
TWO MEN AT ASIITOKILLED N-UNDER-LYNE.
We have to record the particulars of a melancholy
accident that occurred near this town, occasoned by
the falling in of a portion of a stone quarry, and
which, though serious in itself, might have been
attended with still more distressing results. We some
time ago noticed the erection of a new barracks in
this neighbourhood, the site of which is on the
Mossley-road, about a mile and a half from Ashton;
the whole is being built with dressed stone, which is
obtained from a delph opened for that purpose, about
200 yards distant. It appears that about eight o'clock
yesterday morning, just as the workmen were about
to leave for breakfast, Mr. Ball, the foreman of the
quarry, along with another man, named James
Smith, went to the top of the quarry for the purpose
of seeing that all was safe. They had no sooner
reached the top, than the whole mass of earth and
stone which overhangs the place, in which upwards
of forty men were at work, gave way, and came down
with a tremendous crash. The man Smith was pre-
cipitated to the bottom, and buried beneath the ruins ;
Mr. Ball fortunately escaped by running on one side.
It appears the men below heard a slight noise at the
time, and, on looking at the " slope," saw the whole
mass in motion. They ran in all directions ; one
unfortunate man, named John Mottram, in running,
fell against a stone, and was also buried in the ruins.
Another workman, Michael Callaghan, was endea-
vouring to get out of the way, but was caught by a
piece of stone, and seriously injured. He was shortly
afterwards carried out, when Mr. Hunt, surgeon, was
sent for, who directed that he should at once be taken
to the Manchester Infirmary: none of his limbs were
broken. Immediately on the first alarm subsiding,
the whole of the men set to work with great rigour
to remove the ruins in search of their fellow-work-
men ; and, after removing several tons of stone and
earth, they found the unfortunate man Smith about
ten o'clock ; he was most dreadfully mutilated ; one
leg was severed from the body, and found a short dis-
tance from it. The men set to work again for Mot-
tram, and, after working hard for upwards of four
hours, found the deceased about the centre of the
delph, about two yards and a half below the surface.
When taken from under the pieces of stone which
had fallen upon him, it was found that the body was
literally crushed to pieces, almost every bone being
broken. The bodies were taken to the Odd Whim
public-house, on the Mottram-road, to await the
coroner's inquest. The unfortunate men, Mottram
and Smith, lived at Herst Nook ; the former has left
a wife and one child, and the latter a wife and seven
children, to lament their untimely end. On making
inquiry on the spot we find that upwards of 1,000
tons of rock and earth fell at the time the accident
I took place.—Manchester Guardian of Wednesday.

'1 HE BRAZILIAN TARIFF.
(From the Manchester Guardian.)
The further ietelligence from Rio Janeiro respect-
ing the tariff to be aiopted in the Brazils, from and
after the 11th of November next, instead of clearing
up the doubts which had previously existed in refe-
rence to the duties propOsod to be levied on the
leading articles of British manufacture, leLves the
matter more uncertain than it was before. We have
already stated, that two different pavtas, or tariffs,
had been prepared and printed, differing widely from
each other, as well as from that now in existence, not
only in the amount of duties proposed to be levied,
but in the mode of charging them ; and now the
packet has brought a decree, dated the 12th of
August, imposing certain ad valorem' duties upon
a nunber of articles specified, and, along with that
decree'e an entirely new pauta, at variance, not only
with the two which preceded it, but also with the
decree which appoars to have been issued concurrently
mustwith itc.onlfVeshsat theseour :
continual changes may mean, we
ttter inability to comprehend.
Either the Brazilian Government has some curious
intrigue on foot, or it labo'grs under a very discre-
ditable infirmity of purpose.
According to the decree to which we have alluded,
the duties on nearly all the textile ma2ufactures ex-
ported from this country—whether of cotton, woollen,
linen, or silk—appear to be fixed at one uniform
rate—namely, thirty per cent. ad valorem; being an
increase of about five per cent. on the existing duties.
By the pauta which accompanies this decree, how-
ever, instead of this uniform ad valorem duty, a
number of specific duties per square vara are im-
posed, varying greatly in the relation they bear to
the actual value of the goods. The following is a
list of a few of the duties mentioned in the pauta.
The vara, by which they are all to be estimated, is a
measure containing forty Brazilian inches, equal to a 1
small fraction more than forty-three English inches.
The square vara, therefore, contains about 1,850
square inches English. One thousand rees (a milree)
are equal, at the present ,rate of exchange, to about
2s. ld. English.
Drills, linen and cotton, plain
„ cotton entrancada (twilled)
" cotton and linen ditto
Ordinary jaconet and check muslins 9O „
Entrefinas (middle quality) ditto
Finas, fine ditto
Cassimere shawls
Prints (all kinds)
Quiltings, ordinary 3OO „
„ middle quality
„ fine
Nankeen, striped l5O „
Silk handkerchiefs, each
Maddapolams, ordinary 6O
fine
lf 100
Jeans, ordinary, white or coloured
~ fine, ditto ditto 240 „
Shirtings, fine l2O „
6-4 eambrica, ordinary
fine
19 130 „
icoloured cambrics
grey calicoes 7O
f, stout ... lOO ~twittedt,
Coloured twilled (American)
White ~ It
Striped cottons, blue; &c.
Striped cottons (union striped, and other
ordinary striped goods) l2O „
Ditto ditto fine
Cotton ticks lBO „
Blue salampores
White „ ordinary
According Co the flue
eceding rate of duty, a p97soiece:of
If .
twoor d i na an rd ya p
quarter
i unaibt
ry
utewetnri
il
these
hmoebisrei
edr
order
subjected
u, t
to
4a s . d
6u
dt y.
dutyof
th
the latest
readersn o t with
may
aayn any
know
twl i
what
tr et
i he have
hvr
eea
upon,tnge
astourre
much agitated question. now
an n publishedoune
eare e
announcements
Ots'eft eebnrneel de-
pendediatnhrg
the present duty being about 3s. 3d. lthis

The police authorities of Heidelberg, in the Grand
Duchy of Baden, have, with a view to prevent idleness
and drunkenness amongst the labouring classes, issued
an order, declaring that any workmen who shall be
except at the hour of meals,
found in a public-house,
shall be fined a sum equal to three francs French fur
the first offence, and, in addition, be imprisoned three
days for a second offence. Public-house keepers are
prohibited, on pain of heavy fines, from supplying the
workmen with wines or liquors, except at meal-time,
and employers who do not report to the authorities the
absence of their workmen from their regular occupation,
are to be fined twelve francs for each omission.
MURDER AT A WEDDING.—MARRIAGE OF THE
DYING BRIDEGROOM.—Mr. W. W. Rives, of Wilcox
county, Alabama, having recently won the affections of
a handsome young lady residing in that vicinity, Miss
Sarah Tait, daughter of Captain J. A. Tait, the neces-
sary arrangements were completed fur their union, and
he proceeded to her residence to have the marriage
ceremony performed, and to celebrate their nuptials in a
becoming manner ; but, on arriving at Captain Tait's
dwelling, Mr. lives and his friends were met near the
door by the captain's son, Dr. Chas. Tait, who took Mr.
lives aside for a private interview, while the friends of
the latter went into the house. Young Dr. Tait imme-
diately commencei assaulting Mr. Rives with a cane,
and on the latter defending himself, drew a revolving
pistol, and shot Mr. lives through the lower part of
the stomach. The murderer fled, it is supposed to the
eastern states. The unfortunate man was taken into the
house, and died on the following Monday ; his affianced
bride, showing her love for him by having the marriage
ceremony performed soon after the melancholy occur-
rence related above, soothing him in their deep affliction,
and ministering to him in his dying moments as his
wife !—New York Sun, Oct. 1.
BEARSTBD.—COTTAGE ALLOTMENTS.—Wednesday
se'nnight being the rent-day of the allotment holders of
the parish of Bearsted, the whole number, amounting to
39, were provided with a substantial hot supper and a
plentiful supply of good ale, at the Royal Oak, on
Bearsted-green. The supper is provided annually by
the subscriptions of the landed proprietors, clergy, and
gentry of the vicinity, whose health, accompanied by
hearty English cheers, is always drank on these oc-
casions. The allotment system in this parish has now
been in active operation ten years, it having been in-
troduced by Major Wayth in 1834 ; and it is a pleas-
ing reflection to that gentleman, and those who act
with him on the committee, not forgetting their ex-
cellent treasurer, Mr. Streatfield, that not one farthing
has been lost by the non-payment of rent during the
above-named period. The sum paid .for the land is
40s. per acre. The average size of the holdings is one
phorrquartereeNvsaeet lrvyes ,er
doiif
benefitingut
moabnr acreeen, dwhicher that
andatd
themselvesqo
ue
saan_soatnciuotetdyths
sae
fromofri
wadfemsal
saoi islnnipideetuss. tnh
Journal.oi
g in
Ihenloyt sweepings,
EXTENT fpaargeoet:
g
washings, &c., produce sufficient manure, if properly
ductive, the system is considered by the occupiers as
they are fully aware that without manure their labour
wouldanbem
idle waste
iofihtiis process
requi-
sition at the Sheriffs' Court yesterday, on the part of the
Crown, against the executors of a Mr. Gosthng, one of
its debtors. The debt was 6,0001., for excise duties.
The property, worth near 15,0001., was all mortgaged to
its full value, and its available value was, consequently,
assessed at Is. Writs were then enforced against the
two sureties, on the bond given for the debt ; but the
verdict in both cases was—no property I The amount
was, therefore, lost to the revenue.

IMPORTANT RAILWAY
INTELLIGENCE.

On referring to a list of newly-projected lineg
railway, the promoters of which are actively prepar•
ing themselves for the earliest possible application tc
Parliament, it will be found the number of scheme's
amount to forty, extending over a distance of 2,17:3
miles, and involving an aggregate estimated expen-
diture of 39,695,000/. Of this number, five of the.
projected lines are in Ireland, amounting to 2,695,000/.,
and extending over 237 miles ; the remaining enor-
mous amount of 37,000,0001. being the estimate for-
lines in England. While it is certain that a great
many of these competing lines will not be carried out,
we may safely calculate on a good half, or 20,000,0001.,
being expended on railways in the next three years—
a sum which, under present circumstances, will, we
trust, have a most beneficial effect on the industrial
classes of the community; while the division of so
much capital into various channels must have its due
effects on monetary affairs, and, by the increased in-
terest afforded by such undertakings, tend to keep
down the price of Government funds, and induce still
further to the carrying out of large scientific works,
for increased facilities of communication between dis-
tant localities, the increase of trade and commerce,
and the moral advancement of the human family.
We are glad to see the railway system in Ireland be-
ginning to cause that interest in the moneyed world,
which the subject deserves, and trust that the pro-
jectd lines will meet with the most favourable con-
sideration from Parliament ; it will open a wide field
for the employment of her population, and the cir-
culation of upwards of 2,000,0001. sterling in Ireland,
within a limited period, would disseminate an incal-
culable amount of good. That there are good grounds
for still farther extension of the railroad system, the
following extraordinary increase which has taken
place in the gross receipts of twenty-one extensive
lines in the first quarter of the present half-year, as
compared with the same period of last year, will
show :

Birmingham and Gloucester £11,721
Chester and Birkenhead
Edinburgh and Glasgow 1,541
Glasgow, Paisley, and Ayr 3,406
Grand Junction 7,591
Great North of England
Great Western
Liverpool and Manchester
London and Birmingham 15,558
London and Brighton
London and Croydon
London and South-Western 8,399
Manchester and Birmingham 5,028

Manchester and Leeds v 24,349
Midland Company 22,278
Newcastle and Carlisle 4,430
North Union
Preston and Wyre 1,802
Sheffield and Manchester 2,771
Ulster
York and North Midland 9,006

Total increase on the above 21 railways for the
quarter, 187,6641.—Mining Journal.

THE MEEK REMONSTRANCE OF
THE MAN IN BRASS.
TO MR. ALDERMAN GIBBS.

The last twenty years, Sir, I have always been one
of the principal sights at the Lord Mayor's Show.
When I say this, I needn't tell you that I am the
man who rides in brass armour. I was brought up
to the bar, but having, in consequence of a fatal
modesty of temperament, failed as an Old Bailey
pleader, I was compelled to make the most of my
very fine figure by riding the high horse every 9th of
November in a complete suit of mail. Denied the Old
Bailey bar, I nevertheless still thought I could profit
by brass in some shape. I confess it ; I have very
often thought myself elevated above my merits. When
riding in state, and looking over the heads of certain
Aldermen, I have thought that nature had created
them with a larger claim to the brass than myself.
Nevertheless, I have thought they had sufficient
opportunity of exhibiting their native metal on the
magistrate's bench and at Guildhall meetings. Here-
upon I did not feel wholly abashed at the unworthi-
ness dryly elevation. Alas, Sir, now it is otherwise !
With you, Netted as Lord Mayor, my position is
gone. It is impossible that I can stand against such
rivalry. I shall be no more thought of in the show
than so much gilt gingerbread. Those who deign to
look at me will turn away from my despised glories,
as men turn away from bad money. " You the man
in brass !" they will cry, with contemptuous belief,
" Pooh, pooh !—a rascally counterfeit." And then,
Sir, they will turn to a certain carriage, and, with an
exulting shout—a shout that, through my metal, must
wither my very marrow—will acknowledge the pre-
sence of the true thing—the man of the greatest brass
in all famed London's City. I beseech you, Sir, think
of my condition. Let me be paid, for I cannot forego
the fee ; but, good Sir, dispense with my services on
the coming 9*:h of November. Why should Ibe set
upon horseback, only to serve as a foil to your sur-
passing merits ? Besides, to put metal upon metal is
bad heraldry. Therefore, Sir, let me, on the import-
ant ninth, remain in the bosom of my family. Po
not enforce my presence in the procession only to con-
quer me. As you are strong, be merciful ; and so
you shall ever have the sympathizing admiration
of, yours, eclipsed,
—Punch. THE MAN IN BRASS.

ECONOMY of ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
"Report of the fourteenth meeting of the British
Association for the Advancement of Science, Mon-
day, September 30. Section G. M Thanical Science.
On the Economy of Artificial Light for Preserving
Sight. By Mr. J. Hawkins."
" Few were aware," he said, "of the injury in-
flicted on the Sight by too much, or too little light,
and by a sudden transition from gloom to light. He
had tried several experiments with a view to procure
a light of a medium description. He commenced
with two common candles, alternately snuffing and
leaving them unsnuffed, and measuring the intensity
of the light. The result of this experiment was,
lighttha
t
as nine pounds of the unsnuffed candles.
that he found that the candle well snuffed, gave eight
times the light of that which was unsnuffed. He then
one
ecpeeodueadd
of taheprsoneueffssedof
"
candles
weighing,
gave
and
as
much found
Mr. Hawkins further found that a pound of candles,
to burn (like Price's Patent Candles) without snuff-
ing, gave the same light as four pounds snuffed in the
usual way, say every ten minutes, and the same as
eleven pounds unsnuffed altogether. After alluding to
further experiments with Candles, and also with
Oils, he conclitded by recommending the Self-Snuff-
ing Candles in preference to Oil Lamps.
Price's Patent Candles have for some time past
been advertised as more economical than common
tallow ones, because, not requit:lng to be snuffed, they
give so much more light. The PaL'ntees now pub-
Hill the above extract as a remarkable conrmation of
the truth of their assertions. Those who still rrsist
in burning tallow moulds, or dips, in the idea that
candles at sixpence per pound are necessarily cheaper
than those at a shilling per pound, may now learn
how much real economy there is in such a course.
Four pounds of the snuffed candles giving, as above
shown, the same light as one pound of the self-snuffing
ones, those who burn tallow candles at sixpence per
pound are doing the same thing as if they paid two
shillings per pound for Price's Patent Candles ; for
they pay four sixpences for that quantity of light
which one pound of these candles will give. They
suffer, moreover, the bad smell, dirt, and annoyance,
arising from the use of the snuffers every ten minutes,
and the injury to the eyesight, stated above, to follow
the sudden transition from gloom to light when the
candles are snuffed.

Price's Patent Candles are sold by respectable
dealers in most parts of the kingdom, but care must
be taken to insist on being supplied with the real
ones, as many imitations are made at low prices for
the shopkeepers, which, on account of the greater
profit, some of them endeavour, and with too fre-
quent success, to palm upon the public as " just the
same as the Patent Candles." The trade may obtain
them wholesale from Edward Price and Co., Belmont,
Vauxhall; or from Palmer and Co., Sutton-street,
Clerkenwell.—From the Athena um of Saturday, 19th
October, 1844.

[ADVERTISEMENT.]
INFERENTIAL PROOF OF THE
FALLACY OF THE ORGANIC THEORY OF
DOCTORS:

Compare the human body to a tree, with all its
roots and branches, and then fancy Doctors giving
thousands of different drugs, among which are num-
bered prussic acid, opium, mercury, &c., with a view
to eradicate disease out of different parts of the body.
Does it not seem an absurdity ? Hygeists, on the
contrary, treat the human body as they would a tree
going to decay, viz., by draining its roots of stagnant
impurities—the sole cause of its body and branches
being withered and in a dying state. Let Doctors,
if they can, prove the fallacy of this analogy. Doc-
tors might just as well prescribe different remedies
for the different branches of a tree gone to decay, as
prescribe different remedies for different parts of the
body. Are not trees and plants treated as a whole ?
So should it be with the human body.
Issued by Morison and Moat, of the British Col-
lege of Health, New-road, London, for and on behalf
of the body of Hygeists, who contend, that since all
diseases arise from one cause, namely, an impurity of
the blood, they can be cured by the Vegetable Uni-
versal Medicine, which being composed of innomous
ingredients, may be taken by any person without the
aid of a Doctor.

PRINCELY TIIEFT.—It appears that Kennington-
common, whilom a place for cricket and other healthful
sports, is to be built upon, t) benefit the estate of the
Prince of Wales as Duke of Cornwall. These places
have been called the lungs of a town. Surely to choke
the lungs is hardly the best way to captivate the heart.
Will the Prince of Wales be more beloved in Kennington
if only known as the Prince of Bricks and Mortar ?
Punch.