The Sun.
London, England, 1844-01-01 00:00:00

No. 16,022. LONDON, MONDAY EVENINTG SU' N 1 JANUARY 1, 1844.

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of the PUBLIC JO URNALS

FROM THE MORNINC PAPERS OF TP,IS DAY.
TI ES.—The prospects of the new year, aitt'aough -..0t un-
-clouded, are is-fair as those disclosed by any of its• 4tiumediate
predecessors: We begin the year in peace with eve.ry State of
Europe; we are at peace with America; and we hiave every
reason for hoping thrt'the part' a' war in India will soon be
brought to a happy termioatwan. Fut the peace whierh we en-
joy is net a hollow, treacherous peace, merely awaiting some
diplomatic pretext, st.me rei.tape sophistry, or some oppor-
tune weakness, to be changed into open war. Our, relations
with all the Powers of Europe are those not only of trtanquillity
but of amity. Not only is there no apparent cause cif war to
alarm our suspicions, but there is no desire of war manifested
by the Sovereign or the citizens of any foreign State.- The- -
President of the United States joins with the Kir.g of the
French in the expression of an eat nest wish to perpetuate the'
present harmony with Great Britain. The Ashburton treaty
has adjusted one awkward subject of dispute ; and we will do the
-American people the justice to believe that they are not
anxious to find another in the indefinite boundaries of the
Oregon territory. France is no longer isolated; even
the rabid fierceness of the violent journalists against •
the ambition, the falsehood, and the cunning of perfidious Al-
bion, has growled itself into silence. 'The people of the two _
countries reciprocate those kindly feelings which tin it Sow•
reigns have expressed to each other on their behalf. So tone h -
for our foreign affairs. At home the prospect is less cheerful ;-
still it is far from disheartening. If, indeed, we look to those -
outward signs of prosperity which attract the superficial eye,
and satisfy the unreflecting mind, there is much to inspire both
hope and gratitude. A revenue now progressively increasing
trade reviving to a degree at this season of the year almOst-un- •
exampled—commercial speculation assuming a bolder and freer
tone in the great marts of the north—all these are signs of
returning wealth and eircu'ating capital. To many they are signs
of returning prosperity. May they prove so ! But let us not
forget, that while merchants and traders are investing

their money more freely and more hopefully—while the
national Treasury is becoming richer—while cotton-spinners
are designing new mills, and contracting far fresh labour,
to meet the demands for expected markets—let us not
forget that those whose toil is tasked to enlarge • the
power of wealth and multiply the enjoyments of luxury are
themselves the victims of indigence and destitution. Let us '
not forget the revealed condition of the labourers in some of
our agricultural counties ; let u, not forget the wretchedness of
our London poor ; and let us not blind ourselves to the poverty
and misery which has already been shown to exist in our manu-
facturing districts, and which will assuredly spring up in a
frightful and fearful multiplicity, if, on every occasion or tempo-
rary prosperity, labour is crowded into new factories, only to be
turned adrift without emiloyment as soon as the market is
glutted. In considering our domestic position, Ireland cannot
be overlooked. And yet what czn we say of 'a country whose
evils are as undeniable as the remedies for them are various and
contradictory? To say that .Ireland offers no difficulties, or
even no dangers, were absurd. Still we do not believe the
dangers to be nearly so great as is imagined. The Govern-
ment acted most foolishly in delaying to suppress the Repeal
meetings. Their tardiness gave the semblance of earnestness to
an agitation essentially hollow, false, and hypocritical. It drove
the timid to join the cause from cowardice, and the hypocritical
to persevere in it for the reputation of consistency. Had
they interfered earlier they would have conferred a great
boon on the Repeal gentry of Ireland, but a much greater en
the loyal and quiet Protestants. Now that they have evinced
a resolution to put down the agitation, barked as they are by
the popu!ar feeling of the empire, and having only a simulated
zeal for nationality to contend against, they must succeed.
But when they have succeeded—when sedition is crushed, and
anti.Saxonism has perished—then come the labour and the
difficulty of governing her in the spirit of justice, moderation,
firmness, and kindness—of correcting her social evils, and en-
couraging her natural advantages. Yes : there is a great work
for Parliament and the Ministry to do. To conciliate the
affections of the Irish without conniving at faction, or playing
the fatal and Whiggish game of corruption—to give earnest
and diligent heed to the condition-of-England question—to
resist the strong effects of selfishness, whether in classes or
parties, agriculturists or manufacturers, and to correct the
present unnatural distribution of the means of subsistence—
these are the duties and the labours which the new year offers
to those who have the courage and the heart to undertake
them; and which, undertaken with good heart and honest
purpose, will repay the country and its representatives, if not
with entire success, at least with the blessing which never yet
was denied to pod men working in a good cause.
HERALD.—The Morning Herald having lately changed
its proprietors and managers, we deem it right, at the com-
mencement of the present year, to announce to our readers the
principles upon which the paper will henceforth be conducted.
They will not essentially differ from those which have been.
espoused by the Herald for some time past, viz. the principles
of moderate Conservatism in Church and state. Deeply at-
tached to the doctrines of the Anglican Church, as contained.
in her Articles and her Litargy, and as expounded by the great
body of her Divines from the time of Hooker to the present
day, we are unfavourable to those extreme High Church views,
which seem to approximate too nearly to the errors and super-
stitions of Romanism. Though we respect the private cha-
racter, and the motives, of many who are eminent among the
Tractariass party, we think that their zeal has outrun their
discretion; We are anxious that the benefits of educe-

tion should be extended as widely as possible ; but
we think there can be no beneficial education of
which religion is not the basis. If national schools are to
be established, as we ardently hope they will be, upon any com-
prehensive plan, they ought to be conducted upon the princi-
ples of the Established Church, and under the guidance of her
ministers. To uphold the laws w hich secure private property
is a duty not more imperative, and not more arduous, than
wisely to administer those ehich p:otcct the rights and inte-
rests of the poor. The statute of Elizabeth established a sys-
tem of poor laws, under which England has reared up a more
industrious and efficient population of labourers, and risen to a
higher degree of prosperity, than any country in the world.
That abuses had crept into the administration of these laws,
which rendered souse amendment desirable, we do not deny.
At the same time, when a system is introduced, which, in-
stead of recognising the right of the unhappy pauper to
relief, treats him as an intruder upon society, if not as
a criminal, we are disposed to look with doubt upon its
wisdom, and to watch his administration with the utmost
jealousy. The adjustment of the corn-laws upon the modified
sliding-scale of Sir 11. Peel, is an experiment, to which we think
that a fair trial should be given. We deprecate frequent and
hasty changes in financial matters ; but most strongly do we
condom. that restless agitation whis.h tends to disturb the
public mind, create paid:: in the commercial world, and destroy
all confidence in the security of the law. While we desire to
afford an adequate protection to the agriculturist, we are not
unmindful of that large and important manufacturing class, for
whose real good so little has been done by those who grow rich
by their labours, while they make the loudest outcries about
their distress. The laws which concern the relation
between workmen and their employers, the wages, time of la.
bour, health, morals, and general condition of our mechanics, are
subjects to which we slatl from time to time invite the public
attention. At this moment, the state of Ireland presents the
greatest difficulties to the British statesman. Our opinion is,
that the people of that country. disorganised and demoralised,
partly by a lt.ng c )111: nuance of poverty and ignorance, but in
great measure also by the agency of reckless and designing
demagogues, require to be ruled with a firm and vigorous
hand. That the union with Great Britain must be maintained
at all hazards, we, in common with most Englishmen, firmly
believe. But we also think, that for this, as well as for other
purposes, it is indispensable Fo uphold the Irish Protestant
Church With the progress of the reformed religion is asso-
ciated, not only all the glory and ha{ piness of our own
kingdom, but everything which is great in the his-
tory of man ; and that it will ultimately work its
way, for glory and for good, in Ireland, we entertain no
doubt. That, however, which Ireland more immediately re-
quires, is the introduction of salutary economical measures, a
sound system of educat ion, and a strong and discreet administration
of the law. On the subject of law reform, we think that a good syS•
tern of local courts, such as may give cheap and speedy justice
to the humble suitor, is most desirable. We are averse to any
crude and h.tsty legislation on such matters; but are anxious
that some uniform plan, in accordance with the established
principles of our law, but extending its practical benefits, may
be introduced. With regard to our foreign relations, we need
hardly say, that the maintenance of peace, consistently with the
national honour, ought to be the primary object of our rulers.
For this purpose, we think that all interference with the in-
ternal affairs of foreign lotions' unless forced upon
us by themselves, ought. to be especially avoided.
To preserve, but not to extend, the boundaries of
our empire; to give due protection to our colonies; to
enforce, as far as lies in our power, the existing laws for the
suppression of the slave trade ; to propagate the Christian re-
ligion in the East, and other parts of the world where our
power and influence extend ; to enlarge our commerce by
friendly negotiation, but at the same time to keep in view that
reciprocity of advantages without which no commercial treaty
can be long maintained—these are the general features of that
policy which we approve. Such are our views upon those topics
which appear to occupy most of the public attention at she
present time. They are, we are convinced, the opinions
which are entertained by the great mass of the intelligent and
reflecting people of this country. Confiding in the honest in-
tentions of the present Government—knowing the difficulties
in which they ate placed—and believing they are disposed, in
' the main, to carry out the line of policy advocated by us, it is
our intention, as far as lies in otir power, te, give them a steady
but independent support.

IRELAND.
THE STATE TRIALS.
DUBLIN, I)Ec. 29.—Although more than a fortnight
has yet to elapse before the commencement of term, the
note of active preparation for the forthcoming State
trials has been already sounded, and the t,ublic interest
in the result, which hall begun to nag during the vaca-
tion, increases in proportion as the all important 15th of
January draws near. Yesterday notices were served on
the traversers to the effect that, in pursuance of the mo-
tion of Mr. Smyly, of counsel for the Crown, the special
jury will be nominated at 12 o'clock on Wednesday next,
when the High Sheriff of the city and the Under-Sheriff
are to attend, and to brillg with them the jurors' book
and the special jurors' list, signed by the Sheriff (or his
deputy, and all the numbers written, according to the:
Act of Parliament, on distinct pieces of parchment or card.
At the sitting of the Recorder's Court this day, Mr:
Close applied to his Lordship to order that the clerks of
the peace should furnish Mr. Pierce Mahony, as agent
for the traversers, with a copy of the special jurors' list
as returned by his Lordship to the High Sheriff.
The RECORDER stated that the officers of the Court
had applied to him for advice on the subject that morn-
, ing, and having carefully read the Act of Parliament, he
was unable to find any clause authorising him to emply
with the application made ; but as a matter of conveni-
ence for those concerned on both sides in the approach-
ing trials, which were matter of notoriety, he would
advise them, if the Crown Solicitor and Mr. Mahony
concurred together in an application, that each party
should be contemporaneously furnished with a copy.
At a subsequent period -)1 the afternoon an applica,--
tion was made at the Sheriff's-office for a copy of the
list,: the Recorder having stated that the only copy fur-
nished by him was that given to the High Sheri ft; The
Sub-Sheriff, however, was unable to give any ir,formation
upon the subject beyond relrring the applic
Ants to the
high Sheriff, whose answer has not yet been made public.

SIIOCKING CASE.—On Friday last :1 Ai extraordinary
accident occurred at. Bromliam Britt e.
whereby a farmer
residing at Stagsden, of the name of .
..r., :aberry, came to
his death. It appears that he ha'...l been to Bedford,
drinking freely, and at half-past, ;;;.x left the Bell inn,
and mounted his mare to retur,t b ome. Tho mare was
blind, and it is supposed that, the deceased was too fresh
to guide her, the consequence was that she stumbled
over the parapet wall (which ;_s very low) and fell into
the river. On Saturday morr.,ing a man named Harrison
was going to his work, and 'saw the mare in the meadows
below with a bridle and sv,ddlo on. By the river.Le saw
a hat, and this excited so-sne suspicions, and upon". looking
into the river he saw e. man lying at the bo4,,tere. He
procured assistance, snd recovered the body,which ha
then found to be spat of Mr. John Leaber-
-4.— Cam bridg
Cfronicle.

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