The Sun.
London, England, 1821-06-04 00:00:00

SIALANCELLOI3:3 PRIZES.

ENGLISH ESSAY.—The Study of Modern History—D.
Keyte Sandford; B.A. of Christ Church, and son of the Light
Rev. Daniel Sandford, D. D.' one of the Bishops of the Scots
Episcopal Church.
LAT IN ESSAY.—De Auguriis et Auspiciis apud Antiquos.—
Charles John Plumer, Esq. B. A. Fellow of Oriel College:
at;cl son of the Right Honourable Sir Thomas .Plumer, Master
of the Rolls.

LATIN limtsr.—Eleusis—Hon. !George Win. Frederick
LioWard, of Christ Church, son of Viscount Morpeth.

SIR ROGER. NEWDIGATE'S PRIZE.
ENGLISH VEnsE.—Pxstum.—The same, Honotuable G.
W. P. Howard.

The cold and winterly weather of the present
month has seriously affected both corn and fruit.
The fields, which a few weeks since exhibited
an appearance that promised an abundance of all
the desirable productions of the earth, are very
much altered ; the grass has lost much of its ver-
dure and assumed an autumnal tinge, and the
corn fields look very yellow and unhealthy.—
The frosts have.severely cut the crops, particu-
larly apples, of which there is now expected but
a short crop. There has been a frost almost
every night this month, and some of them have
been so sharp that. ice the thickness of a shilling
has been observed. There was a fall of snow on
Saturday morning on Bexley Hill, which lasted
nearly an hour; the thermometer at that time
was below 40 degrees; on the 26th of last month
it stood as high -as 73 i❑ the shade.—(frfaidsto!!e
Journql,)

SIR 11. LEES'S THIRTEENTH LETTER

TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND.

. . .
" Arid farther, to fulfil, perfect, and bring to effect, their
most evil and Wicked treason, and treasonable compassings and
imagipAtions afore Said, they maliciougy and traitorously did
meet, conspire, consult, and agree among themselves, &c. &c.
wickedly and traitorously to subvert and alter, and cause to be
subverted and altered, the. Legislature; --rule and government,
now du/7 and happily-established in this Kingdom, &c.
liifraEted front the Seventh Count in the Indictment drawn
as....inst.the Parliamentary Reforvars, arraigned before a Spe-
cial Commission at the Old Bailey, on the 25th Oct. 1794.

Qui n'agit quo pour soh feignant d'agir pour Rome ;
Cinna par Corneille.
Black-rock, Friday night, May 11th, 1821.
GENTLEMEx_Perhaps there is no question which has more
engaged the attention of both ancient and modern times, than
that which involves in its discussion the consideration of what
form of Government is best adapted to ascertain civil rights and
to confirm and secure human happiness—to place limits to po-
pular encroachments, under the pretence of extending civil and
religious liberty, whilst the just and necessary prerogatives at-
tached to the executive, department of the State, shall b pro-
tethed from violation, at the same time that they shall be regu-
laf.ed and controuled bylaw. On a general review of the best
authorities, historical and political, extant, I find no difficult},
in deciding that the very worst species of Government iva de-
mocracy, when 'occasioned by a revolution, and effected either by
the infidelity of the
.subjects from anexpectation of privilege,
or the profligacy, fraud, and ambition of the intriguing discon-
tentedipatriot from an expectation of distinction. It is a most
remaraable fact, Gentlemen, in the history of Republican Rome,
that when Plebeians were .first allowed to be eligible, . and to
elect to the greatoffices of State, they did not choose a single
Magistrate from their own order, from a perfect conviction of
their intellectual inferiority ; and under the Government of
A thenstwhich was purely democratical, and, whicliwas perpetu-
ally defiled with the blood of her heroes and her most exemplary
citizens--as enumerated by Lucian, in his " Dialogue against
giving oo rash an assent to calumny," the virtuous Phocian,
when dragged to an ignominious death, to which lie had been
unjustly and infamously condemned by the People' declared
that he had expected to he executed, for that such had been the
fate of every illustrious Athenian before him. Nor do the.hrii-
liant exploits of this Republic afford any proof of the energy
and superior advantage of a Deniocratic Constitution.; for they
were invariably performed when the Nation was, directed and
governed by some eminent individual, in whose hands at the
time were , invested the entire powers of the State, so that in
fact the characteristic and essential principles of the democracy
were wholly suspended. For it signifies but little, Gentlemen,
After what name a Government may be called, when it, acts on
principles directly at variance with the terms of its assumed de-
nomination 9 • and there cannot be one instance adduced, in the
history of Athens and the ancient Republics, where weakness,
confusion, and cruelty did not constantly succeed to the resump-
tion by the people d the helm of Governthent into their own
hands—whilst the first exhibition of their authority was gene-
rally the degradation or the death of those individuals
to whose valour, virtues, or patriotism, they owed their se-
curity and renown. The treatment- Of Hannibal, by the people
of Carthage—of Coriolanus, Camillus, the Scipios, Cicero anti
other illustrious characters, by the demagogues of Rome, 11l ii-
tiades, Themistocles, Aristides, Cimon, Timotheus, Alcibiades
Phocian--inen whose names' even at this hour, excite reverence
and enthusiasm—were condemned-by- their inhuman country-
men, as a reward for their glorious achievements, to fines, im-
prisonment, exile, or death. Again, in England, during the
daring usurpation of that puritannical villain Cromwell, though
the form of government was denominated a commonwealth, yet,
surely no Sovereign was ever more absolute or acted under less
controul, than the insidious Protector did. For a nation en-
tirely governed by one man, is an absolute Monarchy, and not
a Republic. The tyrannical barbarity of Mark Anthony occa-
sioned even Cicero to wish that Brutus had • not assassinated
Cwser ; in like manner, the real friends of liberty in France
considered the existence of the Bastile as comparatively a less
evil than the.caprizious and bloody ferocity of the savages who
destroyed it. If one man more enlightened and more daring
.than another ventures to express his abhorrence of your Repub-
lican Reformers, or of those ill-judged and,dangerous
ments directly leading to a revolution, under the lying appella-
tion of ainiversal, civil, and religious liberty, or unlimited suf-
frage and annual turbulence, the equally false pretekt of Par-
liamentary Reformation, he isimmediately assailed by a host
of patriotic and infidel place-hunting vagabondan who insi-
diously hold him up to the indignation, and perhaps the daggers
of furious and intolerant bigots, as the mercenary advocate or
claimant either for despotism or preferment. But the.refiecting
and religious subjects of greatly exalted' and still (thank, GOD
and the virtuous House of Peers) Protestant England, glory
in their Constitution, because they are conscious of enjoying
the purest and most perfect system of rational liberty that ever..
existed since the first institution of civil society. Let certain ,
violent and patriotic demagogues, then, reflect deeply upon the
serious and awful subjects which I am now discussing for your
information and consequent welfare ; let them be advised by
me, that every link they continue to add to the chain of popular
encroachments, they advance a step towards popular insurrec-
tion ; and that the Parliamentary Reform which they meditate,
will alone prove the precursor of a national convulsion, involv-
ing within its vortex the Religion, the Laws, and the Liberties
of the British Empire—let them take warning, before it may •
be too late, by the calamities of Athens, of Dome, and above •
all, of Franca; and should the dread of an imprisonment in
Newgate for almost overt acts of treason, under the mild
and beneficent sway of probably the ablest and most gene-1
roils Monarch that ever sat upon a Throne, not be of suf-
ficient weight to teach them loyalty and allegiance, under I
the reign of our PRESENT venerated Sovereign King, let those
Apostles, I say, tremble at the certain prospect, the realization
of which I predict for them, of being hanged for ultra liberality
under the unfurled and bloody banners of a FUTURE Sove-
reign People ; for their attempts, if successful, must inevitably
terminate in universal anarchy, or in confirmed despotism.—
Gentlemen, if every kingdom in the universe were to encounter
even the most horrible of all calamities, a civil war, in 'order to
Obtain such a Constitution as England enjoys, it would not be
surprising. But that persons should exist in the bosom of your
Aristocracy, desperate enough to disseminate principles, and to
foment passions, which directly tend to the subversion of your
Protestant Church, and the desolation of your civil Establish-
ments ; that societies, clubs, and dinner parties, should be held
in your capital, and meetings summoned in your counties and
your towns, for the sole purpose of maturing plans for the dis-
organizetion, under the pretence of reform, and of reproducing
the results of Gallie liberty and equality, under the deceitful
glare of British civil, and popish liberty, is a manifestation of
human depravity or patriotic effrontery unexampled as it is
hideous and detestable, and it is scarcely to be credited, even by
those who are so unhappy its to witness it, whilst the chief glory
of their existence consists in their having the talents and the
firmness to deprecate and expose it. Gentlemen, intimately
acquainted as I am with the Constitution of every State in
ancient and modern times, and with the causes of their decay,
or exaltation, itia quite impossible for me to remain silent when
I can foresee in' the conduct of some members of the most vene-
rated families in your country, a systematic and determined
resolution to identify their principles, their actions, and their
politics, with the declamations, .the writings and the blasphe-
mies of greatest ruffians that ever disgraced or degraded the
moral character of any nation upon record, and with the sole
selfish object of forcing themselves into place and power, not
undermining, but, as was justly said'of .Julius Caesar, by Q.
Catullus, Pima:Era SE NAT US, " storming the Constitution
with a battering ram."
~et those puny, contemptible states-
men be well assured, that in the event of success they would be
Vie very first victims offered up on the altars of blind and fero-
cious brutality ; and with this advice let them be cautious how
they continue to shake the massy corinthian pillars of that
Constitution, " for the sake of removing a few specks froth its
surface," an adherence to which has been the great cause of ex-
alting the British Empire to a height of splendour and renown,
unexampled in the history of this world; whilst the powerful
energies of that commercial nation of shop-keepers, as the mur-
derous tyrant and oppressor not only of France, but of hotrified
Europe, called her, directed- by the-wisdom and firmness, not
of ALL THE TALENTS, certainly, but of the ablest and most
virtuous Prime Minister Great Britain ever had, tumbled this
blood-stained fiend from his throne ; and having preserved his
capital from the fire and massacre of northern and infuriated bar-
barians, dust• now, tempering justice with mercy, confine him-
self, not in chains or-in a dungeon, the merited fate of such an
abandoned, bunions reprobate, but with all the luxuries and
comforts of life,, in a palace erected by the generosity of Great
Britain, and. alone •restricted as to residence, in possibly that
single spot in _the universe that could have been selected sufli-
ently secure to guard the destinies of outraged, violated Europe,
. froth the hypocritical and ferocious machinations of the cruel
immolator of the mild, the virtuous, the basely kidnapped, and
subsequently butchered, Enghien. And, Gentlemen, is it for
the purpose of trying similar experiments in this great and
happy Empire, that you will not only permit, but cheer and
applaud ideots and mountebanks, as well-before as after their
Stomachic regeneration, in their daring efforts, under the appel-
lation of Reform, to overturn the Monarchy and the liberties of
your Country. Reflect upon 'the consequences of the abolition
of Royalty in other States, the vital, the sole pursuit of theirre-
ligious vagabonds who have been so long disturbing your minds
by their- speeches, and blasting your prosperity by their acts.
What did the people ever gain by a republican form of govern-
ment, I ask you? Look. to that. once extolled mistress of the
world, Rome, and let her bloody records , inform you, that a
power over the lives, liberties, and properties of her duped
eitisens in4nitely beyond what had ever been elninaed by their

itngS--:a power, undefinad, monstrous, and unlimited,
vested in .the hands of her Dictators, Consuls, and other Ma-
gistrates, who, always exercised it with the most severe rigour,
and sometimes the greatest wantonness and oppression. And
never forget, Gentlemen; amidst the ravings of your incen
diaries, that the short but often repeated formula—" ne quid
Respublica detrimenti eaperet"--at once frequently delivered
' over that boasted freedom your ideot Patriots wish to obtain
for Englishmen, to the uncontroulable authority of a singly
Magistrate, invested by law, by uktge, and-the Constitution,
with supreme and "pnnatural pttwe3?; not accountable to any
'lonian tribunal for his exercise of it; and this despotic Ma-
gistrate nominated, niitid Not by the People, but by another
Magistrate, for the object always was, as it ever will be, in a
republic, " notwithstanding the wisdom of a Lambton or a
Russell," to keep down and to- oppress the people. And
attend to this extraordinary fact, Gentlemen Reformers, that in
the history of Rome you will find but one solitary instance
where the people, with their boasted liberty, nominated this
Chief;—and this I declare to you on the authority of a more
credible-historiau than even Joseph Hume—of Livy, who takes
care lo tell us it was the single instance—" quod nunquum •
ante eumdiem factum erat." this wondrous republican event
happened in the• Second Punic war, when the people named V.
Fabius Maximus Pro-Dictator, the Consul being then absent.
What will Hunt, Hobhouse, and that' countermarching.
proser, Sir Robert Wilson, with Miehael Angelo's hungry
friend Lambton, say. to this fact ? Let them look at the,
motto which ushers in this Letter, and reflect deeply awl
seriously in the interval between the present and-ensuing Sessital
Of Parliament on its substance 'and import. I will admit,
,1
Gentlemen,' it is rather an unusual circumstance in such dart
of STARVATION and DISTRESS in England, totneet AO liberal
a Whig Feeder as • Angelo Tayleir is described to be; but;
again, you must allow that it would be rather a disagreeable
species of desert to be committed to the Tower, perhaps as
consequence of the Entertainment. Let these sharp set Whie; .
guerillas learn, from the example of a man of superior • y
tiesc-but profligate habits, arid no principle, the danger of pro,
ceeding too far in the journey of reform ; let them recollect his'
memorable expression, to that weather-beaten PATRIOT Major
Cartwright, at the period to which my motto refers; and ter
them forget, for the rest of their days, the politics and visionary
theories of the reforming Duke of Richmond—as well his letter
to Colonel Sharman, as his Universal Suffrage and - Annual
Parliaments; and if they are pledged not to become useful
members of socLty, at least let them cease to be agitators arid
fornentors of irritation, respecting subjects they are as ignorant
of. as children;" and whilst they keep within the letter of the
law themselves, perhaps unintentionally enflame into insurrec-
tion their uninformed .and.miserable (Wpm ;.." for if even thVY • •
were seriously to stop shore at householders,' or even copy- •
hOlders' franchises, the inroad being once made, the Consti-
tution eventually would perish." Old Home Tooke knew
very well what he was about in 1794, and would not have
deserted H/S question for a dinner at Taylor's ; and, though
he sighed for a Revolution, under the deceitful auspices
of Parliamentary Reform, yet the bare idea of a 14-allows•
always, fortunately, occasioned a profuse perspiration t.) •
temper his philosophy : in consequence of which, he in-
formed his old brother patriot, " that althogh he intended to
go as far as Windsor in his career, .yet.that he himself had
nooltiwldit;hstanding his caution, his for the present stop short at
your great Manchester Inquisitor,
ici,aihloalunyngsledlitoplphvo; Andi.scdmitnutlt,ora3iricoi wdt
Sir
FranciS Burdett, was in the year 1794 tried for his life, and
might have been hanged for his patriotism into the bargain.--
I wish to impress caution strongly on the minds of certain eon- •
teniptibleidiots, who Are straining every nerve (a few of thcnir
I fear, not through ignorance,) to drive faigland into a convul-
sion, solely for_ the purpose of driving your able and enlightened-
Administration front their post, and themselves into their
offices; whilst, at the same time, 1 wish the sober,leasoni4,
part of your community to reflect upon the inevitable coast.-
quences ; and to believe, before it is too late, that'eould all the.
injustice, cruelty, and 'oppression even of Frtricli despOtisrn,
since the reign of that obdurate and hardened bigot Louis Xrdit
with his hangman Tristan, be colldcted together and placed iii
one scale of bloodshed and iniquity_and•the atrocities of ore
single week in France, when the rabble were the rulers of ice
thrown into the other ; to be assured, I say, that the latter
would greatly preponderate: In short, Gentlemen, a Beni:)li-
cart is a form Of Government which has ever yet been, and ev"r
will be, exerted to do wrong—and which, to the end of tiziT,
will only be operative in accomplishing mischief, and probably
massacre.

With respect to Lord J. Russel's motion for reform, the cD.fr
sideration of which was fixed for Wednesday, I am quite 8:106'
fiedit will experience the same fate as Mr. Lambten'a. I hol'e
his Lordship will have the prudence to RENOVATE hiMS?If
fore he undertakes to renovate the Constitution, for should
generous and most excellent 'Caterer Angelo, close Russell
with his Cote Rode, he may deprive him of hiS recollecet°•:;
and myself 'of the great pleasure of reading his Lordship
in ,
Speech reply, for the loss of which I shall not be rernetneP:c
' ad, either by the laughter, the witticisms or the cheermo
certain learned and decent Patriots in the House of Conn-noi'
I never yet saw a plan of Reform, Gentlemen, that could
v 5
carried into effect without imminent danger to the State, in,t .20
of its branches; and 1 have examined all with sol,k)r,
attention from, as well as previous to, the period of the late:',,a
Pitt's-motion on the 7th of May, 1782, including the OP,r';:e'el
of the Corresponding and Constitutional Societies ; and le—of
what I have lately seen, on two moat important oceasinee,e;
the purity, virtue, and religious integrity of the House Of re. ';f,
Who, with his Royal Highness the Duke of York, have troll?
eckhe Throne from pollution, and the Constitution troll?
Iv
filement, I am quite satisfied, that should. the House of (t,
moils be so far imposed upon as to pass an act of reforinat,lio
any thing like what has ever yet been submitted to their.li.A.
measure will be similarly disposed of, " as was Popish Tiou,',-,);
cipation lately," before it reaches the Sovereign. There ise`i'dt
one method, Gentlenien, for your patriots now to take (W"
my knowledge of your Barliamentary records enables geed.
remind you of), in order to carry either a Reform such as .",o
want, or Catholic Emancipation; for, since the dis:onitituil
reibe
those elderly and time-serving Christians, Pope Pins',
Representatives of 40s. Treehold Pean again kn'ee
you on better terms than that reliersigous and honouraixic 00'
Mr. George Canning amuses himself with your BePere4,; eir'
tives and even without introducing an epic poem. 'll'Avrie;
cumstance I allude to is this..-In the reign of Qucen, evio*
December 1704, the Bill against occasional conformity
been twice previously rejected by the Lords, Mr. Proi.xleiflo,':
introducing it a third time to the Commons, moved, Ile pit',
IT SHOULD I3E TACKED TO A MONEY BILL ; thiS,
erieSs
was an Afecasler AND HIGHLY REASONABLEjoritt
however, the tackers were defeated b 7 imisPn9:', 1 ";,:per!.
Suppose now your patriots try something of a siinilA-vitio;
merit, and the next time that great and able man, Mrl;,
kett, brings in his bill, if he will contrive to seduce t,.`:tele i;
m..
fro his sinecure Situation, behind a certain Nobiem3ll"oiP,
and cajole that most enlightened, commireTrcATlvf:fer,O,
advocate Mr. O'Connell, to stick himself behind mil-Jep-VI:A
rest of his life, and will also stick'a dinner card'of Arigjelf
lor's to the Bill, inviting all those `.!embers sinOr
tached to their King, and the Established Religion
their duty to their-(fol as well as to their constitution. wo
perhaps succeed; but until he can effect this, he
endeavour to persuade me, that Roman Catholics' /. 010'41
will be enlarged by the Rouse of Peers, whilst generoi,e
LIATION, TRANQUILLITY Ni),3. BROTHERLY. 1".°49
emanate from an I3IPRISONMENT OF THEIR VOLT.' Tv!' tds'
CRUELLY INSULTED PRIESTHOOD, to coneince,oo/0)
and Piej
LAMBTON, Ilonliou SE, J OSEl'ff iI/T 31E, ee A
WILSON, the virtuous and patriotic reformers inf to
of Commons, are not purer and more enlightened
than that most wonderful antineelean mounteban":„.,lko.
Droavor.o, the theatrical pedestrian reformer of - ee4
Theatre.
re514.6:104
I remain, Gentlemen, with the Most profound
reoe4
.cat
admiration of your loyalty, allegiance,, and even fin: 3
and attachment for your august and injuireti, Sovv•--
determined supporter and constitutions! friend, ir
HAItCOU•3

,11,

DEATI.T. or Ma. SToTii IRD, Tux.—' ell; :o:4'
ahiristist.ihtrt— ,
has been received of the death of this 'l4 'ill/
accustomed
t ie ChUrch of Here, in Devonshire, tile. -iel
v°
the ladder on which lie stood unfortonatclY gold:
profiensstiloonpaylinagvoaca;d:oo.7)
ooff
0 the g.").u: ,;(
way, and he was precipitated
about ten, feet, beignt_ .
_,
dreadful to relate, though only fr°ol a
died upon the spot. His afflicted father hall ;110
corpse cf
learn; set off for Bere) where the
son lies, scull -.vas fractued, and 11_.;

e are extremely understand, '
__-.....m.ha
pp
—y il::
am aW tribute of gratitude andto et
respect to the 11',,,,
mory of the Rev. P. lostv, late master of i
Grammar School at Wolsinghant, in this count)
a tabulet or monument is about to be erected?
excellent
pe:lter:thincaliuhr—ch of Wolsingham, by the gentio
men who have received their educational ,it
said school, to perpetuate the name of th coy)
(Durham Advertiser; Jonf i'l