The Sun.
London, England, 1844-07-30 00:00:00

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JULY 30, 1844.
No. 16,210. LONDON TUESDAY
1 !. 7
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S IT N 7

WEST INDIA PINE-APPLES.—For PUB-
LIC SALE, on THURSDAY NEXT, the Ist of August, 1844,
at Two o'Clock precisely, 5,000 BIRD'S-EYE, SUGAR-LOAF, and
PROVIDENCE PINE-APPLES. Just arrived, per Walter Scott
and New Providence, 150 Tins UNDRESSED TURTLE, and 5 Bags
TEXIAN NUTS.

. KEELING and MINT, Brokers,
2, Monument-yard, and 9, Pudding-lane.

MARVELLOUS NOVELTY:
NEW ERA TO ADVERTISERS.
RAILWAY BELL AND ILLUSTRATED
LONDON ADVERTISER.—Rate for Advertisements, in-
clusive of Designs, is permanently fixed at 2s. 6d. the square inch.
No inferior talent admitted. Look out for the Ist of August.
Office, 1, Catherine-street, Strand.

THE FRENCH IN OTAHEITE.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.
Papeete, March 6, 1844.

Sin,—The denouement is hurrying so rapidly to a close
that, not foreseeing what it may be, I think it the
better plan to apprise my countrymen, through the co-
lumns of your paper, of the strange acts which have
been enacted here of late. Bearing her Majesty's com-
mission, and enclosing you my name and rank, I pledge
you that which is most sacred to a British officer—his
honour—to each fact I assert. Long
.ere this can be
received, the public will be in possession of the under-
hand and ungentlemanly manner in which Admiral Du-
petit Thouars forced the Protectorate on Queen
Pomare ; a demand of 10,000 dollars being made on a
nation who were unable to pay the former one of 2,000.
The paper presented to the Queen was worded in such
a Jesuitical manner as to deceive Europe into the belief
that it was a voluntary act of the Queen ; whereas the
alternative was the French guns opening on her
people, and laying her towns in ashes. The trivial pre-
text seized on with such avidity, of the Queen plaeing a
crown set round with cocoa-nut leaves, and not
inserting some device to please the French in her private
flag, is too flimsy to blind any one not wilfully so Some ex-
cuse was wanted to haul down her flag. This answered
for want of a better. Four hundred marines were landed
in presence of two of the Queen's chiefs ; her flag was
violently taken down, and the French colours then hoisted ;
they are still flying. The Queen, being apprised that it
was the intention to seize her, and place her eldest son
(a boy about seven years old) on a nominal throne, go-
verned by a French regency, fled to her Majesty's ketch
the Basilisk. She was received by Lieutenant Hunt,
who gave up his accommodation to her Majesty, her
husband, and three children, with some other persons of
rank. She has resided for several weeks on board this
little vessel, not being permitted to land. Some time
ago, hearing that her subjects had fled from their homes,
had assembled in the mountains, and were in a state of
great excitement, of her own accord she dispatched a
letter, which was seized by the French Governor. It has
been construed into treason against the majesty of France.
I append an authenticated copy, and mark it No. 1.
Some of her chiefs were invited in and seized—one of
them loaded with irons. They are all still confined on board
the frigate Ambuscade. A proclamation was published
ten days ago ; it is also appended, and marked 2. These
chiefs merely fled, dreading the punishment their friends
had received.

On Sunday week soldiers came to a house where the
Queen's female attendants resided ; they threw their
things and the Queen's furniture about, turned them out,
and have turned the house into a prison. The poor
people, having no shelter, have since then resided in the
British chapel.
The French Governor has strained every nerve to put
this place into a fit state of defence ; he boasts that if
two months more be given him, he would defy any ship
to enter. The small island in front of the harbour is
having an earthen embankment of twelve feet raised on
it : fifteen 32-pounders are to be mounted, also barracks
built for the gunners. Commanding the entrance to the
harbour barracks are built, and a battery being erected,
to be armed with fourteen 8-pounders. Other works are
being constructed behind the town on the rise of the hill.
The French war-steamer went with the proclamation to
prevent the natives passing on the isthmus. Some of
them, returning to their homes, have been stopped ;
several have lost their money and other property. The
Governor has gone with 400 soldiers to erect a fort and
hem the people in ; an Englishman went with him as a
pilot to take the frigate and steamer as far as water
would permit. The acting Governor has issued a pro-
clamation, which I also inclose and mark 3, de-
claring this place in a state of siege. All English officers
are obliged to be on board at eight o'clock, p.m Last
night parties were found destroying all English boats
hauled up on the beach : a few renegades who are a
disgrace to their country have had their property spared.
An owner of a vessel, who has just sold it to the French
Government, not being able to procure any English
house, is residing with his wife, and has young children,
in a native one ; he wrote mentioning that his wife is ill,
daily expecting her confinement, and requesting he
might be permitted to keep a light, but has been re-
fused. He called on the acting Governor, informed
him of the dangerous state of his wife—the same apa-
thetic reply was given, that no exception could be made
in his favour.
Now, Sir, I am coming to a fact which will astonish
you. A French officer, high in employ, no less a person '
than the Commissary-General, the day before yesterday
publicly stated in presence of some Englishmen, that if
the natives rise and are joined by any Englishmen, he
would go, and with a pistol be the first man to shoot Mr.
Pritchard. What must be the state of the vulgar crew
when their chief people speak in this assassin-like man-
ner ? A gentleman is thus spoken of who is a minister
of peace. Mr. Pritchard was for many years a mission-
ary out here. For ten years he has served his country
as British Consul ; he is beloved by the Queen, respected
and looked up to by the people, devoting many hours to
their spiritual good : he is universally well spoken of by
the commanders of English vessels ; this has rendered
him obnoxious. The French have placed themselves in
a sad degraded state when they thus war against those,
all the world over respected by belligerents—the clergy
and women. Did I pause here, I think I should have
given you sufficient ; but where has England suffered an
outrage equal to that which was put on her last evening ?
Mr. Pritchard left his house to go on board her Majesty's
steamer Cormorant to see some of the officers ; .he
had only a few yards to walk from his gate to the jetty.
The commandant of police, who had been observed
all day prowling about, ran out of the guard-house
(it is the one from which the Queen's attendants have
been expelled, and only a few yards off), without his hat,
seized Mr. Pritchard, and hurried him off, followed by
some soldiers. Immediately on hearing it the com-
mander of the Basilisk and myself went off to the acting
Governor, M. d'Aubigny ; he refused to tell where
Mr. Pritchard was confined. After some demur he gave
a paper to Lieutenant Hunt, which he also read aloud.
It was of such an atrocious nature that we agreed not
to mention the contents, fearing the extra alarm it would
throw Mr. Pritchard's family into, and the excitement it
would cause amongst the population in general. Judge
of my surprise to hear this morning that it was placarded
in French, English, and Tahitian on the different public
places. I herewith append copies in both the former
languages, and mark them 4. A British subject, and he
our Consul and the representative of the Majesty of
England, treated as a common convict, seized in open
day, in the presence of his family, hurried like a vile
malefactor along the streets, jeered at by French sol-
diers as he was dragged in front of the barracks. Is
England thus low that she will not call down for ven-
geance on the dastards' heads who thus dare insult the

Person to whose keeping she had confided her honour ?
It is not yet forgotten that the persecuted Queen Pomare
has been ever the firm friend to Englishmen. Her
father and grandfather sheltered and protected them.
There is no security for life or property. Many are
sending their money and papers on board the vessels in
the harbour, and, unfortunately we have only a war-
steamer carrying six guns, and a ketch of 200 tons here.
Was an English man-of-war here, the French autho-
rities would not dare to have gone to such insane lengths.
By the subjoined document, you will perceive that
Mr. Pritchard is kept a close prisoner, no one allowed
access to him; not even a friendly eye to see him. The
document brought by the soldier would not be left; but
this translation was taken as it was and loudly read.
The prison is wretched wood but behind the &ouch

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•
MONTE VIDEO AND N
j(tFisrosin thomeewßhartitan
remarkable e
tr 7 Vi 0 t'
Eiwt hSo
a. t e
terial papers make no mention whatev 16 1,
of the River Plate, beyond the inert- ; 77uN 1-
ragraphs of news as they are receivet,
Video and Buenos Ayres. We are a Wilk- laß I,'
IA!
side of the Opposition, intervention would be object
to on principles of consistency, and we insert the
following article from one of them as affording
an encouraging indication that we are not
altogether overlooked or forgotten. The si-
lence of the opposite party on the general
question may arise from a consciousness of the awk-
ward position in which Ministers have placed them-
selves by their vacillating policy, and the consequent
difficulty of doing justice to the subject without re-
flecting discredit on the Government. But in spite of
this studious reserve from all discussion, it may be
perceived, in the occasional slight allusion to our
affiiirs, that a profound abhorrence of the infamously
criminal system of Rosas is a prevalent feeling among
all who know anything of the war in the River Plate.
The accounts which have lately been published of
the state of affairs in Monte Video are at once dis-
tressing to humanity and disgraceful to our own
apathy. Monte Video has been exposed for about
twelve months, not so much to the more immediate
horrors incident to a protracted siege, as to the
more hopeless and withering process of a land
blockade, efficiently established, and rigorously main-
tained by a bigoted and remorseless soldier. General
Rosas, commanding the troops of the Republic of
Buenos Ayres, invests Monte Video with an army
which cuts of all communication between the be-
leagured town and its commercial resources and con-
nexions. Monte Video contains not only a very con-
siderable number of English merchants and their
families, but Spanish and colonial mercantile esta-
blislnnents of extensive connexion and character. It
is believed, that through this body, in the aggregate,
outstanding credits on English account are due,
amounting to upwards of 50,0001. The passion of
Rosas having, for its peculiar object, the extirpation
of foreign commerce, he will not permit the cordon
which he has established under the walls of the ill-
fated city to be broken through on any pretence of
communicating with the native and colonial con-
sumers, from whom these credits are due. The in•
evitable consequence, it would appear, must be, that
they can never be collected. The Montevidean
houses must perish under the continuance
of the cruel duresße in which the contend-
ing pretensions of Buenos Ayres and Monte Video
thus operate to keep all foreigners who are shut up
in the latter. They have especial reason to complain,
and do, accordingly, most vehemently complain, that
they have been made the instruments of aggravating
the losses which are likely to be sustained by the
strong assurances that were given to them by Mr.
Mandeville, our Minister, when visiting the shores
of the Plata, that the British Government would
certainly protect British rights and property in
those regions, in the event of the Buneos Ayrean
armament entering the territory of Monte Video,
by repelling force by :force. In consequence
of this assurance—so the correspondence, recently
received in London, declares—" large sales of
merchandise were made on credit, and orders
transmitted to this country for further shipments."
When Rosas did cross into the territory, there was a
British force in those waters more than five times
sufficient to have effected his instant discomfiture and
retreat; but he was not interfered with, and has, ever
since, cooped up the unhappy residents at Monte
Video within the bare walls of their strong position,
where the whole community experience the un-
satisfied cravings for the common necessaries
of life. In the meantime the native and other
consumers in the interior of the country are
becoming, every day, less and less competent
to pay for their purchases, owing to the unre-
lenting destruction of all foreign property, carried
on by orders of Rosas throughout the territory sub-
ject to his vengeance. To such an extent does Rosas
indulge his stupid prepossessions against external
commerce of any kind, that he had very recently en-
forced the immediate return, without unloading, of
. several vessels which bad arrived with cargoes of pro-
duce from Corrientes at Buenos Ayres. These car-
goes were composed, in part, of returns of the native
dealers and consumers above alluded to, for the
British merchandise and manufactures supplied to them
by the importers of Monte Video. It seems, there-
fowre, that no course more effective could have been
taken for sacrificing all chances of reimbursing the
shippers or owners of 500,0001. of British merchandise,
destined for that market alone.

THE LUCIFER MATCH AND TIIE LUCIFER TONGUE.
.At the Chelmsford Assizes a boy of nine years old
has been found guilty of firing a barn. John Hardy,
aged eleven, was also convicted of firing a stack of
straw. At Huntingdon, Samuel Baxter, aged ten, was
sentenced to fifteen years' transportation for a like
crime. These offences are very dreadful—very. We
are shocked at the powers of mischief which the
lucifer match places in the hands of the reckless and
malignant. Terrible is it to contemplate blazing stacks
of hay, and straw, and wheat—most terrible to imagine
the savage satisfaction gleaming in the eyes of a starved,
and therefore sullen and revengeful peasantry. How-
ever, the evil-doers are caught, arraigned, and sen-
tenced; and little would it avail them if, in the dock,
they were to make the most contrite, yea, abject
apology for their wickedness. The crime, they might
declare, was accomplished in an idle, reckless, or
passionate moment; and therefore they humbly begged
pardon of judge and jury, and of the directors of the
offices insuring the destroyed property,—and so, having
apologised, the culprits might trust that nothing more
would be said of the matter. Alas! such apology benefits
not the incendiary with the lucifer match; he is not
permitted to " explain," but is inevitably transported.
How different the fate of the incendiary with the lucifer
tongue 1 lit may idly, passionately, malignantly apply
his combustible to the character of any man ; he may
in the House of Commons—beneath that awful roof
where laws are made to restrain and punish the vindic-
tive and ferocious passions of men—he may there,
in his place and solemn function of statute-maker,
cast fire about him,—and when caught in the fact, when
become an object of most unenviable attention—he may
apologise for his inadvertence ; he may declare that he
meant nothing ; that he is very sorry if he have used
his lucifer tongue to the inconvenience of any gentleman,
and therefore hopes that his accidental use of the brim-
stone will be looked ever. Great is the privilege al-.
lowed to the lucifer tongue,—but woe to the errings of
the lucifer match ! Is it not so, good Mr. Wodehouse ?
The lucifer tongue may " apologise," and the lucifer
match is transported.—Punch.
SUN-PRINTED BANK NOTES.—The only specimens
of photography, strictly speaking, are some bank notes that
have recently been produced. They are first engraved by
the action of light upon the metal plate, and then printed
from that plate in the usual way, and by the ordinary pro-
cess! This wonderful power will, doubtlessly, produce, era
long, most remarkable effects. As regards bank notes,
however, so prepared, the public will require to be careful,
if they conic into circulation. Some time since all our gold
was weighed; and people will still have to guard against
light money when these sun-printed notes come into existence.
DISPATCH IN WAR.—Captain Warner's apparently
remarkable and extraordinarily powerful explosive and de-
structive agent, whatever it may be, calls to mind a saying
of George the Third, in relation to inventions for destroying
life in war. Bishop Watson was at a levee, after his sue-
cessful experiments on his improved gunpowder had been
made, when the then Duke of Richmond, Master-General
of the Ordnance, informed his Majesty that they were in-
debted to the Bishop for that great improvement in its fabri-
cation. On the latter saying he ought to be ashamed, inas-
much as it was a scandal in a Christian Bishop to instruct
men in the mode of destroying mankind, the King answered,
" Let not that afflict your conscience, for the quicker the con-
flict the less the slaughter."
FIRE IN THE BEAUFORT PIT OF BLACK BAND.—
The subterranean fire which has for some time seriously
alarmed every person interested in the welfare and prosperity
of_this and the adjoining mineral districts, has been at length,
with much labour and difficulty, subdued, so that the men
were enabled to resume their accustomed employment on
Tuesday se'nnight— Cambrian.
BOULOGNE AND CALAlS.—During the week ending
the 25th instant, the greatest number of persons ever em-
barked or disembarked from these places entered or left them
from or for England, namely, 4,389 ; of which 3,328 were at
Boulogne, and 1,061 at Calais.
BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT RETREAT.—John Dick-
enson, Esq. of Abbott's hill, Herts, has with great liberality
given a plot of ground, of about three acres in extent, situated
Langley,l'he granodunisdlies
bonethwiesenestKatien,gt
,sothis institution.angelxeycelalnendt Abbott's
ad-
mirable located for the houses which the managing commit-
tee of this body intend to build for decayed booksellers, their
widows, and assistants.—Literary Gazette.
wasC OancasßTe
oOfFeoSnsEiSdSelr
Bi
importance,CiiAN
°ahNl. A aNs defining S M
IT
e-1 law h i sn
regard to the rights of a female in disposing of effects after
enteringinto contract of marriage. The prosecutor in this
case pleaded that only one day previous to his marriage his
bride, at the instigation of certain interested parties, had dis-
posed of heritable and other effects to a considerable amount,
bequeathed to her by a former connection. The same hav-
ing been remitted to the Court of Session, it was there found,
and decreet accordingly pronounced by Lord Cuninghame,
that said deed was illegal, and null and void; and granted
warrant agreeably thereto for such being expunged from the
public records and of none effect. —Edinburgh Evening Post.:
LAUGHABLE, THOUGH SERIOUS.—A lad who bawls
" hot cakes—hot cakes I" around the town of Newport, daily,
with lungs like those of Stentor, last week opened his mouth
so wide in bawling, that he was unable to shut it again, till
having run through the streets, with distorted mouth and
horrible grimaces, towards the residence of the first surgeon
he thought of, he procured medical aid, and had his unfortu-
nate jaw reset; and now he may be heard—though in much
lower key, again pursuing his usual avocation of bawling and
selling "hot cakes—hot cakes."—Monmouth
Low FARES ON RAILWAYS.—If any proof were re-
quisite of the advantage of low fares to railway traffic, it has
been satisfactorily furnished by the case of the Croydon Rail-
way. Since the reduction in the fares on that line the traffic
has increased in a remarkable manner, the amount received
for passengers having been greater in the last week than in
any week since that ending the 14th of September, 1841, and
the number of passengers carried exceeding that of any one
week since the Whitsun-week in Juno, 1840, with one excep-
tion only, which occurred in the corresponding week of June,
1841. The Croydon-fair weeks in every year are, of course,
likewise excepted.—Railway Record.
Upwards of a hundred large religious paintings,
by artists of the seventeenth century, are at present being
suspended in the chapel and choir of Notre Dame. One
bears the name of Corneille, who flourished towards the close
of that century.—French ,Print.

NEW ASYLUM for INFANT
ORPHANS.

• This first election of children to the new Asylum for
Infant Orphans took place yesterday at the Hall of
Commerce, Threadneedie-street. The proceedings com-
menced at eleven o'clock, when John Wilkes, Esq., was
called upon to take the chair, in the absence of the
Lord Mayor. Mr. Wilkes, in a neat and appropriate
address, during the course of which he was much
cheered, explained the objects of this most excellent
institution. The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor arrived
shortly afterwards, when Mr. Wilkes vacated the chair,
which was assumed by his Lordship, who expressed his
gratification in having been called on to preside over the
meeting that day, and his high approbation of the ob-
jects of the charity. A communication was read from
Lord Dudley Coutts Stuart, expressing his approval of
the institution, and his intention of becoming an annual
contributor to its funds. It was also announced that
Mr. Pete, the eminent builder, had sent a donation of
twenty guineas to the institution by the hands of Mr.
Thornborrow, and that Mr. Richards, of Lloyd's, had
sent a donation of ten guineas.
The polling commenced shortly after eleven o'clock
and closed at two o'clock ; and shortly before three
o'clock the following were announced as the successful
candidates :—J. S. Beresford, J. Haward, J. L. Kirk,
W. J. Parker, and 0. T. Woollard.
The meeting was exceedingly well attended, and there
were several ladies present, who seemed to take a great
interest in the proceedings. The most sanguine friend
of the Society could not have hoped for a more grati-
fying, or a more promising commencement.
Among those present we observed :—the Right Hon.
the Lord Mayor, Rev. Andrew Reed, D.D., J. Wilkes.
Esq., David Salamons, Esq., Joseph Tritton, Esq.,
J. Prior, Esq., D. W. Wire, Esq., R. Gammon, Esq.,
and W. Thornborrow, Esq.

STEAM-BOAT ACCIDENT.
SEVENTY LIVES LOST.

The following melancholy account is extracted from
the Rio de Janeiro papers:—

"At five o'clock 4iri the afternoon of the 25th instant
(May), about 200 persons had taken their passage in the
Especuladora steam-boat, which plies between this city
and Nitheropy (a pleasant village on the opposite side
of the tharbour). The next day being Whit Sunday,
and this the last boat for that evening, was crowded by
respectable persons and parties intent on and anticipat-
ing a day's pleasure on the morrow, consequently were
full of mirth and good humour._ . . .

" The clock had just struck five, and the captain given
the ortkr to cast off ;' but the moment the paddle-
wheels began to move round, a terrible hissing noise
was heard, the precursor of several explosions, which
succeeded each other like flashes of lightning and
claps of thunder—the boiler had burst : at first no-
thing could be seen for a dense cloud of steam that
covered the vessel, from whence issued the most dread-
ful groans and piercing cries. On the steam clearing
off, a most horror-striking sight presented itself to
view ; the middle part of the deck had been blown away,
and a great number of human beings were discovend—
men, women, children, old and young, blacks and whites,
struggling in the hold, amidst the boiling water from the
exploded boiler.
" Some died instantaneously, and these were, perhaps,
the most fortunate ; others, in their endeavours to
extricate themselves from the horrid cauldron, caught
hold of the hot bars and fragments ; but, obliged
to let go their hold, fell backwards into it again.
No words can describe accurately the horrifying
scene of desolation. Blacks became white, and white
people red. Amidst the uproar, one was calling out
for a father, another for a brother, a third for a
husband or wife, - and a fourth for a son or daughter ;
the sea was covered with the dead and dying, or those
endeavouring to escape from the devouring elements ;
a few were so fortunate as to reach the shore, and
many were picked up by the boats, which promptly
rendered every assistance ; but notwithstanding all
exertions to save them, several were drowned. Ah !
who can describe the agonies or imagine the pangs of
so many unfortunate fellow-creatures, boiled, as it
were, alive ; with pieces of flesh hanging from their
bodies, literally scalded from head to foot—surviving
a few hours in this state, and suffering the most ex-
cruciating torments !
" Soon after the explosion the chimney and main-
mast fell on the awning, and buried beneath it a num-
ber of the passengers, who were thus placed in the
greatest jeopardy, as the boiling liquid was fast ap-
proaching them ; but,; hey were rescued by great ex-
ertions made—knives, razors, swords, were instantly
used to extricate them. No praise can be considered
too great for the assistance so promptly rendered. The
Minist:Ts of Justice and of the War Department, with
the head of the police, and a great many medical men,
immediately repaired to the hospital, where forty-one
sufferers had been taken, and were indefatigable in
rendering them assistance and alleviation."
The number of victims could not be ascertained, but
from more recent information the deaths exceeded
seventy, and several of the thirty wounded were still in
a very dangerous state. _ _

The cause of the explosion had not been exactly as-
certained. From the rep4,rt, however, of the engineers
who examined the machinery after the accident, it
clearly appears that great neglect must have occurred
with respect to the safety valve, the wire of which was
so corroded that the pressure must have been 1001bs. to
the square inch when the explosion• took place—it ought
not to have exceeded 51bs.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

raw' THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.

GLOBE.—There are two things which we consider
Government' bound to secure to the inhabitants of our
towns. These two things are air and water. There
are abundance of other things which we consider them
in no manner bound to secure. It is natural that
those other things (including swarms of functionaries,
with concomitant swarms of fees, besides 1,0001. a
Mar salaries) should be the things provided by the
etropolitan Buildings Bill now passing through Par-
liament ; and that air and water aforesaid should
be the two little things not provided. These, we presume
are amongst the hopes which the Duke of Buccleuch
holds out for next session. Air and water are beggarly
elements ; salaries and fees are much more substantial
objects to a practical government—they are the manna
in the wilderness which the " hungry Jews" of their ma-
jority have yet to traverse; and- if, as Coningsby
tells us, no business is done on a grand
scale but Jews have a finger in it—the more
Jews are in requisition, the more manna must be
so too. We cannot, however, help thinking that'the
art of carving fees and salaries out of all human con-
cerns is one which requires a tact more delicate than
this Government seems to exercise. It is needful, no
doubt, that fees and salaries should be multiplied—to
conserve Conservative majorities. The old way of doing
this was to create salaries without functions, and con-
fer pensions without (published) claims. But sinecures
have lost the odour of sanctity ; and pensions have
become restricted, and raisonnees. What was to
be done ? What remained but to evoke the foreign
genius of functionarism? Sydney Smith enumerated
the acts o: life (and death) subjecting Britons to be
taxed. If we do not look better out, we shall soon have
every act liable to be regulated. Now it is a matter of
taste ; but we, for our part, had infinitely rather
be taxed simply than taxed and teased too. Such,
however, is the tendency of things, in this day of
cant and twaddling. Our laissez-faire principle—our
premiere amours, and to which we are faithful still—is
unanimously doomed by the senate of beasts of prey,
as the jackass that drew the judgment down. That is,
at all events, to be an instant victim—and sacrificing
priests are to be instituted, at 1,0001. a-year salaries,
with lots o other pickings, in the shape of fees.
Air and water !—give us air and water, because
public regulation alone can do it—air, meaning thereby
pure air, and not sulphuretted hydrogen—water,
meaning thereby pure water, and not the rinsings of
the gas-works and the choked church-yards. These
things authority can do, and alone can do—and there-
fore is bound to do. A variety of other things it can-
not make people do—because they involve dispropor-
tionate cost to the objects. We, for our part, should
like to see the work-people housed in Palladian palaces.
It would improve their taste, and elevate their views of
art. When the Jacobins took Lyons, they set the work-
people to live in some of the fine houses, and pull down
the rest. They were more at home in their work, though
a work of stupid destruction, than in their residences.
But most assuredly we grudge the working classes no
improvement of their houses that can be effected.
Above all things, we demand, for their sake and the pub-
lic, that air and water shall he secured to their dwellings
by act of authority. The former may be done by pre-
scribing conditions of space between rows of town-build-
ings. This is unquestionably within the competence of
the public administration. The latter may be done by
public machinery likewise, where necessary. Such pre-
parations as we see making far two ornamental
fountains way be made as easily for the pur-
pose of supplying whole districts with a necessary of
life ; and it would only be necessary, perhaps, for autho-
rity to set up a standard by example in one or two
places, to spur private companies into efficiency and
cheapness. Mr. Hawkesley's evidence, quoted by Lord
Normanby last Friday, affords an instance of how much
may be sometimes done by a joint-stock company, in the
case of the Treat waterworks, for the supply of the town
of Nottingham. The line we should draw for public
agency and regulation in such matters is the distinct one
of universal and evident public objects. It is a public
object, paramount to all private proprietary interests, that
buildings should not be huddled together in large towns
in such a manner as to render ventilation and drainage
impossible. Attention to these should be imposed in
all buildings. But it is not a public object to secure an
arbitrary degree of solidity to private dwellings, nor to
prescribe the dimensions of their apartments. These
matters must, it appears to us, be left to be regulated
by the means of the parties, or their expectations of re-
turn for their outlay. If the erection of houses of less
than prescribed solidity or dimensions is prohibited, and
if the number of houses erected is thereby limited,
what is gained, except the crowding of the labouring
people more densely in those existing ? In these
matters there is great virtue in active examples, and
accomplished results. If buildin. g speculators take
short-sighted views of their own interests, and source
of profits—if
they build in such a manner as to
sacrifice the security of their own tenements and
rents, and to diminish the prospects of the solvency of
their tenants by impairing their health and character—
there is an easy way of teaching them " philosophy by
example." In this point of view, we agree with Lord
Normanby with regard to the benefits which may
be looked for from the sort of normal school of
builders, which is commencing its operations. " There
was a society," observed the Noble Marquis, "going
on, sanctioned by the Government, and to which
he was a subscriber, formed for the purpose of furnish-
ing at least specimens of better buildings for the poor.
lie trusted that when this society had erected houses for

the use of the working class, with the requisite sanatory
conditions, the demonstration would be afforded that
residence in such wretched dwellings as are now occu-
pied by the poor was no necessary and inevitable con-
diton of poverty."
STANDARD.—We cannot envy the feeling of the
political Dissenters, when they come to reflect seriously
upon the influence of their proceedings upon the general
interests of religion. Let us, however, here make a neces-
sary distinction ; in the class of Dissenters—whether po-
litical or peaceable—we do not include Romanists or Soci-
nians. These sects are Dissenters, no doubt, but they are
something more ; they are enemies, not merely to the
constitution and the forms of the Established Church,
but to the Christian doctrine itself as we receive it, the
first having a quasi polytheist religion of their own, the
latter denying the fundamental truth of Christianity.
These sects must therefore contemplate, not with
indifference, but with high gratification, what-
ever of evil is inflicted by angry schism upon
that religious faith which we and the ortho-
dox Dissenters hold in common. We must,
however, repeat it, that the feelings with which a
sincere Christian must observe the influence upon the
general interests of religion of the course taken by many
orthodox Dissenters, aided by Romanists and Socinians
(and surely such aid ought to have been a warn-
ing), cannot be enviable. Nothing, indeed, except
the words of the apostle, can place in a more striking
light the guilt of schism than what we have lately
witnessed. The poor are deprived in youth of
the blessings of religious education—why? Because
the Dissenters will be contented with no national
scheme of instruction, by which the Church shall not
compromise its character and its usefulness. Why are
so many of the poor confined in union workhouses
deprived of the consolations of religion? Because, not-
withstanding the earnest admonitions of the Govern-
ment, the Dissenters of the guardian boards in the
unions to which these workhouses belong, sternly
withhold the consolations of which surely none stand
more in need than the destitute and miserable poor.
This is the effect of schism, the young are left in ignor-
ance and sin, the old are condemned to close their days
in sorrow and in darkness, because Dissenters hate au
Established Church. We are sorry to be obliged to use
so harsh a word as hate, but we cannot help seeing that the
feeling of the political Dissenters goes far beyond mere
alienation. Compare the sluggish, lukewarm opposition
offered by Dissenters to the late Bill for wresting from
them even their own chapels and charitable foundations,
to be applied to unchristian uses—compare this slow
and feeble resistance with the zeal, that we may not
call it fury, with which they oppose every effort
to extend the blessings of religion through the agency
of the Church ; and it is impossible to doubt that
to those inspired by such zeal or fury the Church
is an object of implacable and rancorous hatred.
There are some, we know, who rejoice at this mani-
festation of sectarian bitterness and folly, and point
with exultation to its effect in rapidly thinning the
ranks of Dissent ; but we cannot sympathise
with their joy. We wish as much as any can to see all
classes return within the fold of the Church; but we
cannot be gratified by the improvement of one class
which is made at the expense and by the deterioration of
another. We do not wish that some Dissenters should
exhibit unchristian bitterness and irrational extrava-
gance, in order that other Dissenters may become
Churchmen. Quite the reverse; let Dissenters be like
Baxter and Calamy, Watts and Doddridge, and they can
hardly be too numerous, for there is still unhappily a large
fund in the indifferent from which they may largely
augment their number without any encroachment upon
the Church. The misfortune, however, is that in our
day Dissenters do not seek to raise the irreligious and.
indifferent and heretical to the level of orthodox Chris-
tianity, in order to recruit their number they descend
into the mire of these miserable classes, to court alli-
ances and to swell their forces against the Church. Ro-
manist, Socinian, Socialist, Atheist, any one is welcomed
with the right hand of fellowship, if only he will declare
against the Christian establishment.

THE DISSENTERS' CHAPELS
BILL.

The following amusing article appears in the
Church and State Gazette of Saturday. How Peel is
supported by his friends!
" It would be a work of supererogation to inform
our readers in what way, and when debased Roman
Christianity intruded itself into our country under
the monk Austin, and finally became possessed of
the Welsh, Scotch, and Irish endowments. The
merits attending, and the advantages following,
the conversion of a heathen Saxon king, we will
not dispute; but the consequent forcible entry
made into the British Christian Church was, in its
character of intrusion, precisely similar to that
of the Socinians into Presbyterian endowments.
It was a fortunate, circumstance that at the Re-
formation there was no Minister to move a Popish
Chapels Bill to legalise the Romish holdings of those
things into which the Papists had intruded. If such
a Bill had then passed (and if now, why not then ?)
there would have been no reformation of either
Church or State. The people would have em-
braced Reformation principles, and the Church and
State would have decimated the people. But as
luckily there was then no Government leader to
plead the principle of the Dissenters' Chapels Bill
as it now stands, the Reformation went on. Sir
R. Peel thinks that the principle of his Bill legalises
our present holding as intruders into Roman Ca-
tholic endowments. Mr. Sheil knows better than
that. And we are convinced that he does so, from
his assertion that the Romanists supported the Dis-
senters' Chapels Bill to a man. We are further con-
vinced of the better knowledge of Mr. Sheil and his
party, from O'Connell's visit to London, simply to
give his vote in favour of the same fatal Bill. The
reason is obvious. The Queen has now signed the
Dissenters' Chapels Bill, and as soon as O'Connell
regains his liberty, he will agitate for making
Popery the Church of Ireland, on the plea that the
principle of his motion is already conceded to him
in the Dissenters' Chapel Bill—as it is—thus :
Popery under Henry Plantagenet, and Adrian, and
Alexander, intruded itself into Ireland. It occupied
and improved the Church secularities. It found
itself, and continued for many years, unchallenged as
an intrusionist. • Nevertheless, as an intruder, Popery
was at length ejected. But this same Popery having
never been since then for twenty-five years together
silent as to its claim to recover its holdings—and Pro-
testantism, moreover, having constantly been made
sensible by the Pope, the Pretender, the battle of the
Boyne, the Irish rebellion, Guy Faux, and O'Connell,
cum multis aliis, that Popish claims were alive and
energetic—it would be unavailing for Protestantism to
plead twenty-five years' quiet and undisturbed possession
in Ireland, since the Reformation. Some other future
Parliament, therefore, having in it, in addition to the
present Socinian and Popish parties, a Government So-
cinian party, purchased by the Dissenters' Chapels Bill
—these combined, in gratitude to the Romanists for
their recent help to a man, will assist the latter to
put Popery in Ireland in the place of the present
Established Church. And they will do so according
to law ; the Dissenters' Chapels Bill being virtually
a repeal of the Reformation principle of the Consti-
tution, and the substitution of a principle which will
eventually endeavour to thrust Socinian and Popish in-
fidelity in all our high places. Our readers may have
observed with what attempt at effect the Synod of Ul-
ster (Socinian) have waited upon O'Connell in gaol to
thank him for his valuable assistance. The con-
junction of these parties is threatening to reli-
gion. The mischief to ensue will, if not checked
by a vigorous political Trinitarian combination,
eventually destroy the State organisation of Esta-
blished Episcopal Churches ; and also the organi-
sation of Presbyterian and Methodist-Trinitarian
communities. A bounty is now offered to Papists
and Socinians to do what they have always done,
in fact, and what Charming did and countenanced
his party in doing—that is, to enter other churches
professing Church principles, until they have parti-
zans sufficient to throw off the mask and seize all.
This is the history of Socinianism in Boston, and
elsewhere in the United States. Channing, when
first suspected of Socinianism, denied the charge,
until eventually he found his party strong enough to
stand in defence of their hitherto concealed heresy.
No sooner had they achieved this position, than they
came out boldly Socinian, and defied any attempts to
dislodge them from their Trinitarian endowments.
Popery is too crafty not to profit by the Government
hint, or to lose sight of Mr. Channing's practice."

A BREWER SUFFOCATED IN A PORTER VAT.—On
Saturday last, an inquest was taken before Thomas
Badger, Esq., coroner, and a highly respectable jury, at
the Crown and Anchor Inn, in Bright- street, on view of
the body of Robert Howe, an assistant brewer, in the
employ of Messrs. Gilbert and Arnold, of the Milton
Brewery, Sheffield. It appeared from the evidence of
Mr. Gilbert, that the deceased (who was a very steady
and sober man) had that morning incautiously de-
scended into a large empty porter vat in the brewery,
for the purpose of removing the bung and clearing it
out, when he was immediately suffocated by the car-
bonic acid gas in the vat. On discovering the accident,
Mr. Gilbert tried the vat with a candle, which was ex-
tinguished when let down a foot only into it. The tap and
bung were removed, and prompt steps adopted to dispel
the foul air in the vat, and with some difficulty the body
was got out, but quite dead. The deceased had been
frequently cautioned of the danger of descending the
vat, and desired never to do so, without first ascertain-
ing that no gas was present. He had risen very early
that morning to get his work done, in order to go to
Hathersage to see his friends, and to arrange about his
marriage, which was to have taken place next week.
The jury, after strongly impressing upon the men about
the brewery the necessity of adopting great caution be-
fore descending into the vats or working tubs, recorded
a verdict of " Accidentally suffocated."—From a Cor-
respondent.
NOTHING NEW UNDER THE SUN.—In Robertson's
History of America, speaking of the ancient agriculture
of the Peruvians, the author says, " They enriched the
soil by manuring it with the dung of sea-fowls, of which
they found an inexhaustible store in all the islands scat-
tered along their coasts." And in a note he adds, " The
Spaniards have adopted those customs of the ancient
Peruvians; they continue to use guano, or the dung of
sea-fowls, as mature. Ulloa gives a description of the
almost incredible quantity of it in the small islands near
the coast." We had thus the name and use of guano
fold us by Robertson seventy yeats
Courier,

THE NEW CHARTER OF THE
COLLEGE OF SURGEONS

The following is the petition of Mr. Guthrie, the
celebrated army surgeon :
" The petition of George James Guthrie, of Berkeley-
street, Berkeley-square, a Councillor and late Pre-
sident of the Royal College of Surgeons of London.
" humbly showeth—That although your petitioner,
in his collective capacity, has been compelled to accept
the grant of a new Charter to the said College, a copy
of which was lately laid on the table of your Hon.
House, he considers several of the provisions of said
charter to be illiberal, exclusive, and unjust.
" That, independently, of its placing a bar on the poor
man, preventing, in many cases, his obtaining by his
own exertions such places of honour as there may be in
the profession of surgery, it offers unnecessary advan-
tages to the richer student in the attainment of these
offices, who may not possess half his ability, his perse-
verance, or his knowledge, it presses with peculiar seve-
rity on the officers of the public service, nearly the whole
of whom are deprived by it of those privileges they
hitherto enjoyed, in common with their surgical brethren
of equal standing in civil life; whilst they will also be
deprived in future of the hope of succeeding to these
offices of honour or profit, whatever may be their
ability, or the pre-eminence they may have acquired in
the service of their country, from their talents or their
labours.

" Your petitioner has hitherto believed that a gentle-
man employed in the service of his Sovereign did not
forfeit those rights which he had previously acquired as
a citizen and a subject ; in virtue of which rights your
petitioner has twice held the office of President of the
College, but which he could not have done if this
charter had been formerly in existence ; that, as the
friend of many of the seniors, the teacher of many of
the junior officers of the medical departments of the
navy, the army, and the East India Company, they
have called upon him to use his best endeavours to pre-
serve to them the rights and privileges they have hitherto
enjoyed.
" Your petitioner humbly approaches your Hon.
House, in compliance with such call, on behalf of the
whole of these officers.

" Your petitioner believes there are few Members of
your Hon. House who, in the persons of their fathers,
their brothers, their children, or relations, have not had
reason to be thankful for the professional services of the
men it is now intended to deprive of their ancient
rights and future prospects ; he has seen many of the
officers of these services lay down their lives in the
service of their country, suffering solely from their de-
votion to their duties and the privations they necessarily
underwent. He is aware that many others performed
very arduous duties with a coolness and precision,
under circumstances of difficulty and danger, deserving
of the greatest praise, and for which they, as well as their
more martial comrades of all arms, have on many occasions
received the thanks of Parliament ; that several of these
officers who shared in these thanks, said to be the greatest
honour a grateful country can give, now find themselves al-
together omitted from the privileges proposed to be granted
by this charter, or placed belo 4 gentlemen who were not
even born when these thanks were bestowed, and whose
principal merit is, that they are living and can live in
London with a reputation, which, however great and
well deserved it may hereafter become, has yet to be
acquired.
" Your petitioner believes that the evil which has
been thus committed has been unintentional, and that it
can be remedied by a supplement to the said charter.
" Your petitioner therefore humbly prays, that your
Hon. House will not confirm the said charter by any Act
or Acts whatever relating to medical or surgical arrange-
ments for the United Kingdoms until your Hon. House
shall have granted your petitioner an opportunity of
being heard, by himself or counsel, against them, or
the particular parts to which this charter must neces-
sarily relate, either at the bar of your Hon. House, or in
such other way as your Hon. House may be pleased to
direct.

" And your petitioner shall ever pray.
" July 18. " GEORGE JAMES GI:THRLE."

THE RAILWAYS BILL.

The present Government is made of very squeezable
materials. Accordingly we find in the instance of the
Railways Bill, that the bold front which they at first as-
sumed is now altogether abandoned, and that instead of
marching under the banner of the public welfare, they
have faced about in the opposite direction. Future rail-
way companies are to have it all their own way for
twenty-one years, while existing companies are to be
left to themselves, and the people are to be consoled with
the chance that the Parliament will, at the end of that
period, take it into consideration whether the railways
shall be revised or purchased at twenty-five years' value
of their annual rate of profit, whatever that may be. And
so the assumed zeal of Government for railway reform is
little better than make-believe after all.

Our objections to the original Bill were, that it did not
go far enough; that it did not include all existing as well
as future railways; that it did not make it imperative on
all to run third-class trains of covered carriages at fixed
rates and times; and that it did not make the option of
purchase or revision apply whenever the profits reached
ten per cent., and not at the end of fifteen years only.
The powers of revision and purchase, which were the
characteristics of the Bill, appeared to us to be the only
ones which rendered it at all beneficial as a check upon
practical monopolies of land transit, which, like the
canal companies, might become a great and expensive
drawback upon the internal traffic of the country. The
objection of the quantity of patronage which a Govern-
ment system of railways would involve, did not appear
to us of any great force;—first, because the chance of a
railway holding out against the Government was re-
mote, and, secondly, because the lines would, in all pro-
bability, be leased by Government, if ever they fell into
its hands. As the clauses which convey these powers to
Government appeared to be somewhat vague, the present
amendments have expressly enacted that they shall not
be exercised at all without a particular application to
Parliament. Thus, thee, the wholesome fear which
would have prevented a grasping company from vic-
timising the public is withdrawn, and with the addi-
tional substitution of twenty-one, instead of fifteen years,
as the period before which no interference of any kind
can take place, it may be safely said that private in-
teres's have triumphed over the public welfare in this
instance, and have succeeded in rendering the Bill little
better than a nullity. As it stands, the Government may
pretend that they have shown great regard fur the
poor, by retaining an empty option of purchase, which
is a mere brutum fe/men, but in reality nobody will be
benefited by it but the railway proprietors.
One weapon the mutilated Bill still retains against the
old companies, and that is, the power of encouraging
competition. We hope the Board of Trade will make
use of this engine to bring refractory companies to
reason.

This Bill could not pass through Committee without
giving Mr. Gladstone an opportunity of exhibiting his
peculiar religious notions. Sunday travelling was to be
forbidden to the poor occupants of third-class carriages,
while it was permitted to the richer travellers by first
and second class-trains;—but the House, on the motion
of our townsman, Mr. Thornely, defeated the manoeuvre
by a large majority. We must confess that we hardly
expected to see Mr. Gladstone amongst the Pharisees.
The sickening cant in which he indulged was well re•
buked by Mr. Sheil's allusion to Lazarus and Dives, and
an adverse majority barbed the shaft which quivered in
the side of the Ministry.—Liverpool Mercury.

DEMISE OF THE "CONSTITUTIONAL."—OIIF Contem-
porary, the Constitutional, has ceased to exist. It drew
its last breath yesterday morning. Begotten between
ultra-Toryism and High-Church fanaticism, it was
but a rickety bantling from the first, and never
enjoyed anything like robust health. What with
changing its doctors and changing its regimen, it has,
in its latter days, worn out a miserable enough
existence. We regret its loss ; but we believe the
parties more nearly interested regard its decease
as a blessing rather than an affliction. It died without
making any sign, and consequently we are left alto-
gether in the dark as to the immediate cause of dissolu-
tion. " Certain circumstances" and Captain Warner's
experiment were the last things it complained of. Our
poor Contemporary, however, was not ungrateful. To
its friends it paid the following just tribute of thanks :
" For such support as this journal has received during
the seven years it has been in existence, we beg to return
thanks."—Aberdeen Herald.

DETERMINED SUICIDE OF MR. SULLIVAN, PRINTER,
CHANCERY-LANE.--MT. Wakley, M.P., held an inquest
on Saturday at the Duke of Wellington, Richmond-
terrace, Barnsbury-road, on the body of the late Mr.
Michael Charles Sullivan, aged 32. From the evidence
of his sister, whose feelings were so overpowered that
she was almost inaudible during her testimony, and of
his brother, it appeared that the deceased, who carried
on the business of a printer, in Chancery-lane, but re-
sided at 2, Hemmingford-terrace, Barnsbury-road, had
been for a long period complaining of his head, and was
under medical treatment for it. He frequently said that
he was unable to attend to business, that his life was
worth nothing, and that every one was his enemy. Still
they never suspected that he meditated self-destruction.
His sister having missed him on last Thursday morning
from home, although he left his hat and boots behind
him, went to Chancery-lane, to inquire after him. She
then returned, accompanied by her other brother, to
make further inquiries. Upon her return, she found
him suspended by the neck, and dead, from a beam in
the coal-shed. Amongst other eccentricities, he hid his
money partly under his bed, and partly over a cupboard,
and in a table-drawer. Verdict, " Temporary insanity."
THE LATE FATAL ACCIDENT AT BLACKFRIARS-
BRIDGE.—FUNERAL OF THE SUFFERERS.—OH Sunday
afternoon the mournful ceremonial took place of depo-
siting the remains of the three children of Mr. Breadcott,
of Newgate-market, who lost their lives on Monday
last by the breaking of the pier at Blackfriars-bridge.
At half-past two o'clock the funeral procession, consist-
ing of three coffins, followed by the mother and
father and other relatives, fourteen in number, left Mr.
Breadcott's residence, in Newgate-market, for the parish
church of St. Faith, in Watling-street. Long before their
arrival the church was completely crowded by respect-
able individuals, and upon the coffins being placed upon
the trestles in the centre aisle, and the mourners had
taken their seats, a general feeling of sympathy pervaded
the whole congregation, many of whom shed tears. The
burial service was read in an impressive manner by the
Rev. Mr. Barham, the rector; at the conclusion of which
the three bodies were deposited in one grave, near the
northern transept of St. Paul's cathedral, in the yard
adjoining that edifice, which is the burying-ground of
the parish of St. Faith. At the termination of the cere-
mony, on approaching the grave to take a last look, Mrs.
Breadcott's agony was so intense that it was with diffi-
culty she was supported from the ground.
During the assizes of Limerick, Judge Ball had
the painful intelligence brought to him of the death of his
daughter, a very interesting girl, in her aeyenteentla year,
at Florence.