The Sun.
London, England, 1845-09-03 00:00:00

THE SUN,

they not try, in the first place, a very simple and cheap
experiment, by appointing one, two, or three inspectors, if
necessary—well-paid iusp-etoes too, and well acquainted
with machinery and railways, who should not only have
the superintendence of the lines, but of the working
servants of the Company, so that they could at once
dismiss, or bring before a magistrate, every offender
against their regulations. Five thousand pounds
a year, even on the longest lines, would pay
for inspectors fully adequate for the purpose—
s sum so small for such lines as the Birming-
ham and the Great Western, and indeed twenty
others, that it hardly deserves to be taken into account.
Were any one of two rival companies to make the ex-
periment, the public would not be slow in giving that
company the preference, and amply repaying the Di-
rectors for their judicious and humane improvements.

We have accounts from Madrid to the 26th ult. The
intelligence from the provit.ces is favourable. No at-
tempts had been made in any quarter to imitate the ex-
ample of the capital, or rebel rgainat the new system of
taxation. The Heraldo, but laic ly a Gevernment paper,
renews its attacks on certain members of the Cabinet,
but, from all accounts, for selfi.h and despotic purposes.
The Dictator, NARVAEZ, is the favourite of this journal,
and of course he is the exception alluded to in the'fol-
lowing paragraph :—" The whole of the departments,
with one sole exception, are replete with that inertiin,
that apathy, and that inexrlicable slowness, which cha-
racterie the present Administration."
The Funds were firm. The Three per Cents. closed
at 31 13-16 cash, 32 146 at 60 days-5,737,000 done ;
the Five per Cents. at 22 Is at 60 days-1,660,000 done.

It appears from one of the Paris papers that the
Commission appointed to inquire into the state of the
French navy, and more especially the steam navy, had
brought their labours to a close, after agreeing to a re-
port touching all the main points submitted for investi-
gation. The report has not yet been published, but it
cannot fail to be looked forward to with great interest if
the statements given in the (,omtitutionnel are a faithful
outline of its contents. According to these the French
steam navy is absolutely useless as fighting vessels ; they
are deficient, even the crack vessels, in f rce and speed,
and incapatle of contending against an enemy. The re-
port, according to this jeuenal (and probably it is well-
informed, fur the Prince de JOIUVILLE seems to
I:ave a leaning towards the THIERS' party) admits all
the conclusions Le which that Prince had come in his
pamphlet on the navy ; it admits that the French have
no steam fleet, and that the work of c )nstructing war-
steamers must be commenced anew. The report, how-
ever, is not without grounds of consolation, for it ex-
tends to the British steam navy, and declares that equally
inefficient. Though we may not be disposed to go the
whole length with the Commission on this head, ft cannot
be denied that the report is entitled to serious attention,
and that it contains truths for which the Admiralty
ought to be thankful. Some of the facts to which it ad-
verts have been lepraterlly adduced in this journal, and
indeed they are so manifest that they could not fail to
be palpable to the most careless observer. If the Lords
of the Admiralty have advanced one step, they have been
pushed forward by public opinion, and shamed out of
their listless inactivity, by the activity, enterprise, and
invention of companies, and even private individuals.
The Constitulionnel, therefore, says justly :—" Private
builders have alone improved in England—they have
built vessels capable of going at the rate of thirteen or
fourteen miles an hour. It is they who have applied the
screw." The French, therefore, may take courage from
the fact, and begin quietly to form a new system. In
fact that appears to be one of the recommendations of
the Commissioners ; " For," says the Constitutionnel,
" after pointing out the state of the navy, it only
remains for us to paint out the measures which the
Commission proposes fur establishing in this part of the
public service an entire system, and placing the steam
navy on a more respectable footing." With the excep-
tion of the last paragraph, which we have embodied in
the preceding remarks, we subjoin the statements pub-

lished in the Consrtationne/:
" The Commission formed by the Minister of the Marine to
examine questions connected with steam navigation has re-
cently terminated its labours, and is consequently dissolved.
The *Prince de Joinville has presided at almost all the sittings,
and has given the deepest attention to the subjects under con-
sideration, some details of which have transpired. The first
point submitted to the examination of the committee was the
present state of our steam force, and everything connected
with the merits of the flotilla which we possess. There was
only one opinion on the subject, our present materiel was
unanimously condemned. The conclusions of the pamphlet
of the Prince were admitted without reserve and to their fullest
extent. It is not a steam fleet which we posses, or scarcely
anything resembling it. Our two largest specimens have far
from realised the opinion formed of them, and the frigates
of 450-horse power are wanting both in force and speed. There
is no one of them which can be considered as a fighting vessel
capable of contending with advantage against an enemy. They
are more useful for purposes of transport than those of war.
The Gomer, the Asmodee, and the Infernal, the only ones of
this class of vessels afloat, have none of the qualities on which
confidence can be reposed. If steam power is to be used as an
efficacious arm, models should be sought for in which the
motive power should be more in harmony with the purposes
for which the vessel is required, and where the exigencies of
speed should not be constantly opposed to those of armament.
The opinion of the members of the Commission on the first-
class vessels enables us to anticipate pretty correctly what their
ideas of the inferior class would be. The only steamer of 320
horse-power, the Cuvier, has been already judged of, and
amongst those of 220-horse power, there could scarcely be an
exception made in favour of the Pluton, the Archimede, and
the Veloce. It is the same with the mass of vessels of 160-
horse power, which only cut a figure in the navy list, and which
vessels, it is known, have become on account of their small
dimensions scarcely available as transports. Thus through-
out the whole scale of our steam-vessels, from 510 down to
160-horse power, weakness, want of harmony between their
force, and their speed have been fully and clearly pointed out
by the Commission. With regard to the large transatlantic
steamers, which a recent ordonnance has removed from their
original destination, and devoted to another service, their whole
construction has been misunderstood. The idea of the Go-
vernment, which presented the Bill to the Chambers, was more
particularly to foam a fleet capable of being used for purposes
of war; their pacific destination being a econdary object. They
were called packets, and were to be employed during peace in
the transatlantic service, but it was in reality frigates which
were to be constructed. This has not been sufficiently
understood ; the Government which succeeded that which
introduced the Bill has only built packets very costly, but of
very mediocre qualifications. Considerable sums have
heen expended in their internal fittings up, and everything
has been steiously avoided which could make them
serviceable for purposes of war. The result of this has been
that we have eighteen vessels which it would be very dif-
ficult to turn to any useful purpose, and which will remain
a sample of a bastard fleet. The Commission has not he..
sitated to condemn these packets, both with regard to their con-
struction and their fittings up. Justice should nevertheless 13*.:..]
done; these essays, these mistakes, are almost inevitable with
regard to a new force like steam. In turning its attention to-
wards England, the greatest maritime country in the world, the
Commission has had to point out the same faults, the same
weakness, the same errors. The steam fleet of our neighbours
is little more advanced than our own. There have been on the
other side of the Channel as on this, several experiments at
once onerous and unfortunate. Several steam-frigates have
been rebuilt as many as three times, and others have met with
those mortifications at sea which are common to vessels of infe-
rior speed. Private builders have alone improved in Eng-
land ; those of the Government have been left far behind. It
is private builders wko have built vessels capable of going at
the rate of thirteen or fourteen mites an telar ; it is they
who have applied the screw, and who are every day making
fresh improvements."

The esse gives some additional extracts from the
French paper published at Otaheite, which show that
there had been another attempt at ildsurt ection in the
island, and that the disposition of the natives was not
so favourable as represented in the Moniteur. Governor
BRUAT hail issued a proclamation in their native lan-
guage, addressed to the chiefs and all the inhabitants of
the islands under the protection of the French. It re-
fers to affairs of old date, to the visit of the Queen of
ENGLAND to the French Court, and the return made to
the compliment by Lours PHILIPPE, and the great vic-
tories gained by Marshal BUGEAUD and the Prince DE
JOINVILLE over the forces of the EMPEROR of Monocco.
The following is a literal translation :
" The Governor of all the French lands in the Pacific Sea,
great orator of the King of the French near the King-woman
of all the islands of the Society, to all the chiefs and all the
men of all the lands of the Society. Friends, health to you all.
This ismy speech to all of you. Two great battles were gained
by the armies of the King Louis Philippe, the protector of you
all, and of us the sovereign, the one on land and the other
below on the :ea. In the battle on land were beaten forty
thousand soldiers of the kingdom of Morocco by ten thousand
French soldiers ; the son of this great land of Morocco was the
great chief of all these soldiers. At the other battle were
ravaged two towns by the cannonading of the French ships of
war, commanded by the son of Louis Philippe, Prince de Join-
vine, French Admiral. And in the great consternation of the
enemy was demanded by him peace. Eight hundred men of
Moroeco were killed and two thousand and upwards wounded,
and the enemies lost their ground-muskets (cannon) w hich were
taken. And a glorious treaty for the French was concluded
afterwards on that land. Here is
i another speech. There
came the King-woman of Britain into France a few moons
your protector, into Bri-
tain since,to avni
sdi
tt hvei
nntworeina.t alGsoreoa7wKerineg,the honours given to these
Kings in France and Britain, and well felt one for the other
the two Governments. Such is the true speech that I make
known to you all, that you may not be deceived by lying words.
" Passaete, March 11, 1845. " BRUAT."
The /11on;teur contains a royal ordonnance, revoking
the ad inte, int appointment of . i. DucnATEL, Minister
of the Interior, to the direction of Foreign Affairs, M.
GurzoT having resumed the management of his own de-
partment.

According to accounts in the Paris papers from Ber-
lin of the 20th August, the Ambassador there had re-
reived information that the Empress of RUSSIA would
arrive in about a fortnight, on her way to Italy, and tako
up her resicknce during her stay at Berlin in the hotel
of the Ambassador. The EMPEROR, it was said, would
Lava St. P..tersburgh about the same time for the
CI i tnet).

On the French Bourse on Monday the Three per Cents.
closed at 84f. 30c. ; the Nc..v Lnin at 84f. 25c.; th. Five per
Coots. at 121 f. ; o.idans Rdilroad Shares, 1,34 f. &CI,. •
Rou I,olbf. 75c. ; 17.avre, 92 f. 25c; Avignon, 1,067 e.
50c. ; Vierzon, 817 f. 50c. • Liorilt-vi:•:, 722 f. 500. • Boulogne,
636 f. 75c. ; Troyes &Ad ii9stereau, 016 f. 2k. ; B jI., 3f6f

25c. ; Spanish Domestic Debt, 31%; Spanish Passives, 6%. ,
Th following are the quotations for the new lines :-
Paris
and Lyons (Laffitte), 42f. 50c. ; ditto (Calon), 20f.;
ditto (Ganneron), 22f. 50c. • ditto (Lapinsonniere), 15f.;
Northern Line (Laffitte), 80f.; ditto (Rosamel), 43f. 75c.;
ditto (Pepin Lehalleur), 32f. 50e. ; ditto (Dacan, Lebeuf),
32f. 50c. ; Paris and Strasburg (Ganneron), 221. 50c.; ditto
Hinguerlot, 201. ; ditto (Beebe), llf. ; Tours and Nantes
(Mackenzie), 201. ; ditto (Drouillard), 71. 90e. ; ditto
(O'Neill), 7f. 50c. ; Lyons and Avignon (Talabot), 50f. ;
ditto (Lecointe), 25f. ; ditto (Compagnie Meridionale), 20f.;
Bordeaux and Cette (Mackenzie), 10f. ; ditto (Espeleta),
16f. 25c.; Creil and St. Quentin (Kysaens), 91.; ditto (Ca-
rette), 10f. ; ditto (Colbert), 91. ; Charleroy (Kysaens), 55f. ;
Maubeuge (Kysaens), 6f. ; Dijon and Mulhouse (O'Neill), If. ;
ditto (Allegry), 2f. 50c.; Dieppe, 45f.; Dieppe (Selberes),
40f. ; Caen ( Delamarre),Bf. 50c.
LYONS, AUG. 29.-Avignon and Marseilles, 1,060 E, end
of August ; Paris and Orleans, 1,2901., ditto ; Orleans and
Vierzon, 7971, ditto ; Orleans and Bordeaux, 720 f. ditto;
Montereau, 5401. ditto.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, SEPT. 2.
Anglo-Belgian - Orleans and Vierzon .. 22%
Boulogne and Amiens lll4 Orleans and Bordeaux 14%
Bordeaux &Mediterran - OverYssel
Bordeaux and Toulouse 2% Paris& Lyons (Lafitte) 4
Do. and Cette 2% Ditto (Ganneron's). 2%
Central of Spain .. - Ditto (Oalon's).... 23./
Dendre Valley ...... 21/, Paris and 0r1ean5...... 501
Dutch Rhenish ... 93/4 Paris and Rouen
/8
Dieppe & Paris Junct. - Paris and Strasburg
ajon and Mulhouse ... - (Ganneron's)...
East Indian
Grt Northern of France Paris and St. Quentin. -
(Laffitte's)
Ditto (Rusamel's) 33i Royal North of Spain. -
Do. Peppin le Halleur 5 Sambre and Meuse .... 834
Great Paris and Lyons. 2% Strasbourg and Basle . -
Jamaica Junction - Tours and Nantes
Do. North - (M'Kenzie's)
Louvain and Jenieppe.. - Do. (Lefebvre's)
Lyons and Avignon-. ... Verona and Ancona 3%
Luxembourgh.. ...... 214 West Flanders
Natnur and Lingo

BANKIUJPTCY.-(THIS DAY.)
(Before Mr. Commissioner Fa\E.)
IN RE JONES EXPARTE GLASS.
The Learned Commissioner proceeded to hear further am-
rnants in this ea,e. The preliminary points appeared in The
Sew of Monday—the decision is very important to the ccm-
rnercial world.
'roe defendant was the drawer of a bill of exchange which
had been dishonoured, and the present application was on a
summons under the late Act of Bankruptcy, which declares
that any person being summoned for a debt and not paying the
same, or denying on affidavit his liability, might be declared to
lave committed an act of bankruptcy. The affidavit of debt
is this case did not set nut that due notice of dishonour of the
bill had been given, and that therefore no debt arose, and that
defendant V.:AA not bound to answer. In reply, it was urged
that the affii!avit was sufficient in cases where parties were
called upon to put in bail, and consequently to call
upon him to answer whether he owed the debt or not.
At the original hearing, the Learned Commissioner said that
the case of bail was not different frcm this, as by this proceed-
ing the whole property might he taken under a fiat of bank-
ruptcy. The Judges had held, that where a question arose as
to the liberty of the subject, the person setting the law in motion
ought to substantiate his right. He considered that in such a
case as this he was bound to require equal proof. He, therefore,
adjourned the hearing till cases were produced.
After hearing a very prolonged argument,
The Learned COMMISSIONER declined enforcing the sum-
mons unless more distinct ca,es were brought forward.

SECONDARIES.-(THIS DAY.)
(Before Mr. Secondary POTTER.)
BARRETT V. TILT.
This was an action brought on a bill of exchange, cf which
the defendant was alleged to be the acceptor.
Mr. RYLAND, who appeared for the plaintiff, said there
were two material pleas on the record ; first, that defendant
never accepted the bill; and, secondly. that it had been altered
since acceptance. It would, however, be in fact admitted
that the signature was that of the defendant ; and the real
question to try was, whether there had been any alteration
after the time it was so signed. He would be able to show that
it had he, n originally dated the sth, but in consequence of the
defendant having other billa coming due, he requested to have
it altered; and it was so altered the next day, to the Rth of
June; the alteration was so palpable that there could be no
concealment or attempt at fraud, for the alteration was made
not only with the consent and knowledge, but actually at the
suggestion of the defendant.
Mr. CROUCH, for the defendant, contended that no bill could
be altered after once made, although all parties consented.
Mr. RYLAND said not after it had been out ; but here the
alteration was made before acceptance.
Mr. CROUCH argued that the alteration of the date made the
bill invalid, as the time had been extended ; and it therefore
required another stamp.
The SECONDARY said, to support the argument, it must be
shown the bill had been out to some purpose; the mere carry-
ing it back from acceptor to drawer was not sufficient.
air. Caoucir submitted that the alteration was in itself a
fraud on tne revenue; and he further contended, that the bill
was invalid, as it bore the date of a Sunday.
Mr. Barnett Joseph, who had discounted the bill for defend-
' ant himself, spoke to the acceptance, and had no doubt of it,
being dated correctly. He would swear he had never altered it.
It was not discounted on the 6th or 7th. From the evening
of the 6th to the evening of the 7th was his Sabbath, and he
would swear positively he never transacted business then. He
discounted it on the Bth. The bill was dated the Bth.
Mr. CKOU err then addressed the jury for the defendant, and
contended that the witness was not deserving of credit, and that
the bill on the face of it showed that the alteration had been
made subsequently to the original date; and that, in fact, the
bill had not been presented in due time, and the date was al-
tered afterwards to give time. The Learned Counsel also de
Oared that the bill hail been presented, and altered after pre-
sentat ion.
The SecounaaT said that an alteration after presentment
could not be a fraud on the revenue.
Mr. RYLAND sail the two lines of defence were irrecon-
cilable.
Mr. Ceorcir said if the bill had, for a particular purpose,
been altered atter presentment, the fraud was the same a-
ihough it had been altered before, or greater, as it became an
entire new instrument, renewing a liability which had gone by.
The SF CONDA Itla- said before be could he called on to give
an opinion, the mode and time of alteration must be shown.
Mr. Fte,ter, the first indorser of the bill, was called, and
swore he indorsed it on the 6th, and that it then bore date the
sth of June.
The SECONDARY summed up, and said the evidence was
contradictory, and the question for the jury was, whether they
believed the alteration had been made after the acceptance.
The jury found for the plaintiff.
Mr. CROUCH moved that the writ should be retained.
The SECONDARY said the question of law had not arisen ;
but even if it had, he was against the argument. The ques-
tion was one of fact for the jury, and he was bound by their
verdict.
There was a second action pending against the witness
Joseph, but not tried.