The Sun.
London, England, 1845-03-26 00:00:00

THE, SUN, LONDON, WEDN'ESDAY EVENING, MARCH:I'2B, 1144 V

litical certainty, as well as moral truth, that the
only security against a return of those " warfares of
material interests, of which state wars are the in-
evitable results," is to destroy the " elements of the
former," which he happily terms, " wars of fiscal
ports, or custom-houses." He proceeds to show, in
the note appended to that passage, that Mr. PITT, in
1787, had nobly and wisely acted up, not only to the
spirit, but to the very letter of his spirited policy.
It is a most impressive, though a tardy tribute to the
genius of that statesman, to exhibit him as devising
the terms of a treaty of commercial reciprocity be-
tween Great Britain and France, founded on prin-
ciples so far in advance, in point of sagacity and
forecast, of the commercial policy of' his age. We
can easily understand how Mr. PITT, with all his
tenacity of purpose, may have been shaken in his
adhesion to the enlightened scheme of com-
mercial connexion he had thus marked out for
the two greatest monarchies of the world, by the
events of the next half-dozen years. Events of so as-
tounding and eventful a character succeeded each
other, in such rapid succession, that a feverish and
incessant excitement usurped the salutary influence
that might otherwise have then, and permanently,
triumphed, of calm deliberation and vigilant expe-
rience. But it is very certain that the precipitate,
crude, and ignorant prejudices, on all general ques-
tions involving the true principles of a sound, inter-
national, commercial policy, which swayed the coun-
sels of the various French Governments called into
action by the revolution, were the main disturbing
forces which threw down the beneficent system that
Mr. PIS T'S genius had created by the treaty—whose
frank, clear, and equitable stipulations we gave, in
abstract, in our paper of Wednesday evening last.
In the lapse of nearly sixty years since the date of
that treaty, two furious wars have been waged between
the two countries, but, for the last thirty years, rela-
tions of uninterrupted peace have been established be-
tween them. If the contingencies of the brief interval
between the years 1787 and 1793, sufficed so com-
pletely to throw down and obliterate such a record of
commercial statesmanship as the treaty in question,
owing to the overwhelming force of adverse circum-
stances; how little has the evolution of fifty-two sub-
sequent years (thirty of them, as we have just stated,
being, as years of peace, eminently favourable to
the restoration of the good work that had
been demolished)—accomplished towards the attain-
ment of such an object ! What can so many Minis-
ters have been about, who have since directed the
affairs of this country, never to have attempted, with
all the encouragement, with all the political advan-
tage and authority which the course of European
events has from time to time given them—never, we
say, to hare attempted the renewal of PITT'S treaty ?
The author of " Commercial and Financial Legisla-
tion" could not have better timed his reference to this
remarkable document, than by choosing for that pur-
pose the era of bur quasi " transition state," from
a monopoly-ridden condition and class protections
to one not indeed of free trade, but of released energy
and more lightly fettered operation. We confess,
with a feeling of humiliation as well as astonish-
ment, that the great political experiment which was
successfully accomplished in 1831 by the will of the
people, expressed directly through their representa-
tives—we mean the Reform of Parliament—has hi-
therto discharged but a poor instalment of the great
benefits which its bondsmen—its advocates—within
and without the walls of the Legislature,
repeatedly guaranteed to the country. Class
legislation has actually increased both as to its extent
and its abuses. Monopolies have been multiplied
and aggravated. The interests of the public consumer
have been sacrificed more than ever to the interested
views of the Ministerial supporters. It is truly won-
derful that such a barbarous system of protective, dis-
criminating, prohibitory, and retaliatory duties as
that which still manacles the gigantic powers,
and represses the native vigour of British
commercial enterprise, should have been left
comparatively unreformed by a Reformed and
Reforming Parliament. Sir ROBERT PEEL, in-
deed, has taken some few steps in a right direc-
tion ; but his course has been circumscribed and
crippled by the trammels of previous Tory connexions,
the paralysing control of official precedents, and the
still more hampering influence of official advisers. It
belongs only, we fear, to an acute mind, an uncom-
promised judgment, and a philosophical estimate of
the existing condition of great national interests, to
trace, with a bold unprejudiced hand, the relation be-
tween cause and effect, and, in doing so, fearlessly to
expose the former, with a view to the extinction of
the latter, where it is embodied in a shape hostile to
the prosperity, or destructive even to the welfare of
the State. We can scarcely expect, in the present
balanced state of parties, any such demonstration
from a Prime Minister. He, of all the QUEEN'S sub-
jects, can least afford to act practically and independ-
ently on the dictates of his unbiassed judgment. We
feel the more obligation to any private individual who
will adopt this salutary course, even if it be as
an " anonyme." In another article we shall enable
our readers to judge, by a more detailed examination
of his pamphlet, how much the author of " Commercial
and Financial Legislation" has done to set the public
thinking upon the important topics in respect of
which our Governments have done, as yet, so little to
testify their own appreciation of them.

festations addressed successively by the Courts of Lon-
don and Paris to the Federal Directory, in order to show
the Confederation the impression produced upon those
Cabinets by the events of which Switzerland has for some
months been the theatre.

THIS DAY'S NEWS.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY QUARTER TO THREE.
There was a quiet market for Cotton at Liverpool yester-
day, with little or no alteration in prices. Sales, 2,500 bales
-all to the trade.-French Railway Shares were not quite
so good, but other stocks were in request, and firm.
Aberdeen, 31. 6s. 6d. ; Barnsley Junction, ex New, ;
Birkenhead, Manchester, and Cheshire Junction, 9% ;
Birmingham and Gloucester, ex div., 132% 132 ; Ditto, New
Shares, 3%; Bolton, Wigan, and Liverpool, 10% ;
Caledonian, 9% 91. 16s. 3d. ; Cambridge and Lincoln, 63/4
Chester and Birkenhead, ex div., ' 46% 34 • Ditto, Half
Shares, at 5 dis., ex div., 234 ; Ditto, New Shares, at 33
discount, ex dividend, 374 ; Chester and Holyhead,
81.8 s. 9d. ; Chester and Preston Brook, 51/s 1•, Churnet
Valley, 7 ; Direct Northern, 4% % ; Dundalk and
Enniskillen, 21. 18s. 9d. ; Eastern Counties, ex div.,
21% ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, ex div„ 61% ;
Ditto, New Shares, 5% ; Glasgow, Dumfries, and
Carlisle, 11. ; Glasgow, Paisley, and Greenock, 184 ;
Ditto, Preference Shares, 2/. 2s. ; Grand Junction, ex. div.,
225 ; Ditto, Half Shares, ex div., 112% ; Ditto, Eighth
Shares, 18% ; Great Western, Lodon to Bristol, ex div.,
181 ; Lancaster and Carlisle, 354 ; Limerick and Waterford,
4% 4/. 9s. ; Leeds and West Riding, 63/4 ; Liverpool and
Blanchester, ex. div., 207 ; Liverpool, Ormskirk, and Preston,
3% 31. 13s. 6d. ; London and Birmingham, Quarter Shares,
31% ; Manchester and Birmingham, ex div , 65 653/4 ; Ditto,
Quarter Shares, ex div., 11 ; Ditto New Quarter Shares, 51/s ;
Manchester and Leeds, ex div., 145 ; Ditto, Quarter Shares,
19% ; Midland Stock, ex div., 141; Ditto, 401. Shares, 14%;
Ditto, Birmingham and Derby, ex div., 109 ; Newark and
Sheffield, 4%; North British, ex new, 17%; Ditto, New
Shares, 41. 4s. ; North Union, Stock A, ex div., 146 148 ;
North Wales Mineral, New Shares, 5 ; North 'Wales,
234 ' • Oxford, Worcester, and Rugby, 41. ls. 6d. 41.;
Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton, 365. 6d. ;
Scottish Central, 5% ; St. Helen's and Runcorn Gap,
Preference Shares, 30% ; Sheffield and Lincoln, 1/. 49. ;
Sheffield and Manchester, ex int., 112 ; Ditto, Quarter
Shares, ex int, 13% ; Shrewsbury and Grand Junction,
53/4 5% ; Shrewsbury, Oswestry, and Chester, 3% 4 ;
Shrewsbury, Wolverhampton, and Birmingham, 54 ; South-
Eastern, ex new, 43% 434 ; Ditto, New Shares, 16% ;
Ditto, New Shares, No. 3,8% 8% ; South
Wales, 64 •, Wexford and Carlow, 2% ; York
and North Midland, Half Shares, New, 15 ; Jamaica,
30; Boulogne and Amiens (English), 11/. 18s. 9d. 121. ;
Northern of France (English), 6% ' • Northern of France
(French), 5% ; Orleans, Tours, and Bordeaux (English),
11 11%; Paris and Lyons (English), 5 4% ; Ditto, New
Shares, 31.21. 18e. 6d. ; bitto (Ganneron's), 21. lie. 6d. ; Paris
and Orleans, 51 ; Paris and Rouen, 45 ; Paris and Stras-
burgh (English), 234 ; Sambre and Meuse, 534 ; Strasburgh
and Basle, 13% ; Toulouse and Bordeaux, ; Sar-
dinian, Bs. prem.
A large amount of business has this morning, as well as
yesterday, been transacted in the commercial market, the
clearances under the new scale of duties (so far as at pre-
sent in, operation) having been very considerable. Much in-
terest among the Sugar trade is taken as to the re-
sult of the sales of the Java sugar properly
certified as the produce of free labour, imported
by the Messrs. Thornton and West, as the values
realised must to a certain extent show how the cur-
rent of public feeling may go among those who may be
anxious to be purchasers hereafter.
There are accounts from the Mauritius this morning, but
they are not of any public importance. The state of the cir-
culation of the colony was a matter of serious consideration.
From the Cape of Good Hope we have advices to-day ra-
ther later in point of date than those before received. The
natives and the settlers on the frontiers are said to have come
to an understanding.
In the Corn- market this morning business was very dull.
The amount of the failure alluded to on Monday, under this
head, is not yet accurately known.
Intelligence of an important character was brought by
special express from Liverpool to the Hall of Commerce this
morning. According to this the United States Senate had
agreed upon the annexation of tTexas, and there remains
only the assent of the President, which is expected to be
given, to give the vote the force of law. The date from New
York is the Ist inst.
At present the English Securities are firm at 100 to 1001/s
for Consols for Money, and 100% for the Account. Ex-
chequer-bills are 575. to 58s. premium.
The Foreign Bonds are supported. Portuguese, however,
have not improved upon the news from Lisbon. They were
67%. Spanish Five per Cents. realise 30% to 30%; Colom-
bian are 14% to 15.
In Shares a very fair business is doing. The French lines,
however, have drooped a little.
BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)
3 per Cent. Consols Anns lOO%
Bank Stock for Account.
Consols for Account
Exchequer Bills. I%d. 11,l1d.
1,000/. I
500/. - ... 56 58 pm.
Ditto Small
PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Columbian Bonds. l5 14%
Danish Bonds 1825, 3 per Cent.... 904
Mexican Bonds, 1837, 5 per Cent. -
Ditto Deferred Stock 17%%
Peruvian Bonds, 6 per Cent 323% 33%
Portuguese Bonds, 5 per Cent
Ditto Converted
Spanish Bonds, 5 per Cent., 1840 3O
Ditto for the Account 3O
Ditto Passive Bonds 7l
Dutch 2% per Cents
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certificates
PRICE OF SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK.
RAILWAYS. PAID. PER SHARE
Aberdeen -
Armagh, Coleraine, Portrush 1% l3/4 to -
Bristol and Exeter -
Caledonian
Cambridge and Lincoln ... 11,4 .. .
Churnet Valley
Cornwall

_
" The principles professed by the Emperor, our august
master, and the sentiments with which his Majesty is
animated towards the Helvetic Confederation, are known
to you, Monsieur; and you have recently been autho-
rised to be their interpreter to the Government of Zurich,
upon the occasion of its entry upon its directorial func-
tions. Ido not, besides, doubt but that upon all occa-
sions, when during the present Diet you have had to
express the intentions of your Court, you have acquitted
yourself of your task according to the spirit of your
general instructions, and which have had for basis, upon
the one part, the warm friendship that his Imperial Ma
jesty feels for the neighbouring State, and, upon the
other, the respect that the Emperor entertains for
treaties and laws imposed by international jurisprudence,
as well as his desire to see other States, especially those
which, in consequence of their geographical position,
are in most frequent relations with his monarchy, main-
tain themselves in such wise as that they may be in the
condition of exercising reciprocity in regard to Austria.
" His Majesty, moreover, feels satisfied that, according
to the tenor of the communications conveyed by England
and France to the Confederation, his judgment of the
general position of Switzerland is shared by these two
powers.
" If the Cabinet of St. James, in his dispatch to
M. Morier, of the 11th Febrbary, takes pains to present
to the eyes of Switzerland a picture of the fatal conse-
quences which would be entailed upon her by the anni-
hilation of the act by which she is constituted into a
political body, recognised by Europe, you will recal to
mind that the same subject has been developed by our
Cabinet in more than one of the dispatches addressed by
me during the course of late years to our legation in i
Switzerland, especially n that of the 27th February, 1841,
and you will feel that late events, so far from changing
or modifying the opinion that we ever entertained,
have but served to confirm it. In fact, the greater the
chances of seeing nullified the Act of 1815, and accord-
ing as they multiply, the more does it become evident to
all sound minds that the cessation of the Act of Union
between the 22 sovereign cantons of Switzerland will be
in the interior of the Confederation the signal of civil
war, of anarchy and oppression ; while, as regards fo-
reign relations, it will break those titles under which
these 22 states occupy their actual position in the great
European family. The domestic misfortunes, the suspi-
cions, and the political dangers which for Switzerland
would follow such a state of things, are but too evident
not to be felt by the true friends of this country, while,
at the same time, it inspires them with the desire that,
by the wisdom and rectitude of the men called to direct
her destinies, such mighty perils may be averted.
"We, with the English Cabinet, agree with that of
the Tuileries, relative to the reprobation which, in the
dispatches transmitted to the Count do Pontois, the latter
pronounces upon the enterprises and the existence of the
tree corps. A Government not possessing sufficient power
to master its subjects, to prevent them carrying, with
arms in hand, murder and pillage into the territory of
an inoffensive neighbour, such a Government would not
deserve that name. It would be worthy of being put to
the ban of the opinion of civilised Europe, if, to the tole-
ration of such misdeeds, it should add acts of connivance.
In a confederation of States, united one with another
for the sake of aid and mutual assistance, the odium of
such enterprises would be further augmented by the
weight of those sentiments that are always naturally ex-
cited by the violation of sworn faith. Such a disorder must
be put an end to, and extirpated by the root. It must
cease to be possible that a canton, besieged by armed
bands encamped along its frontiers, shall for months to-
gether be kept under arms, and obliged to exhaust the
means and patience of its population, if Switzerland de-
sires to preserve in the eyes of foreign nations the cha-
racter of a Confederation of States (to quote the words
of the declaration of Vienna, of the 20th of March,
1815), in the integrity in which they existed as a poli-
tical body at the period of the Convention of the 29th of
October, 1813, the same being recognised as the basis of
the Helvetic system.
" The unanimity of all the powers, which cannot fail
to be demonstrated at present to the eyes of Switzerland,
upon the fundamental principles which govern the
question, and the friendly explanations which all have
shown themselves desirous of entering upon with her
must have proved two things—the one, that all the
powers, without exception, are animated with the same
sentiments of friendship for, and interest in, the Con-
federation; the other, that, looking at her present posi-
tion, all upon the same point of view, the powers have
claim to the presumption of believing themselves in the
right,
" It now remains to be seen how far the delegates of
the Swiss people will know how to secure their country
from the incalculable evils that the unchecked liberty
allowed to the wicked and destructive passions of the
day must inevitably prepare for her.—Receive, &c.,
" METTERNICH."

Easter Monday was observed as a close holiday by
most of the Paris journals. The Chamber of De-
puties, nevertheless, met as usual, and entered on the
discussion cf the Customs Bill. The Deputies were
to assemble in Committees on Tuesday, to appoint
Commissioners for examining the Bills for railways
between Paris and Lyons and Lyons and Avignon. No
result of importance to the public was expected
from the Customs Bill. In fact, prohibition or
oppressively heavy duties must be submitted to by
the French people yet for years, but it is gratifying
to learn, that at least one of the journals is alive to
the evil, and points out the vast mischief caused, not
only by restricting foreign commerce, but even the
domestic intercourse between different departments.
" Matters," says the Democratic Pacffique, " have
been so arranged amongst us, that every treaty of
reciprocity, whether a treaty relating to manufac-
ture, agriculture, or maritime altars, would in the
present state of things cause a grave injury to any
of these three branches. Our great governmental
capacities have reduced France to a complete state of
paralysis. If this system be only persisted in a little
longer, nothing else will remain to be done but to sur-
round the frontiers with walls, and to rot in the isola-
tion established in some degree as the condition of the
existence of the country. And it is not alone in our rela-
tions with foreign Powers that our legislation produces
this shameful immobility, but at home our fiscal system
is organised in such a way that each province is in a
manner obliged to consume in part the productions of
the locality. Potable liquors and corn could give
occupation to an immense coasting trade, if stupid
not force them to be con-
sumed on ther u
place they were produced. It is
oenndacbcaorubna account ofst wheredutieshtaesxeesdid
that corn is seen to occupy
in the South the place of vines, which could produce
excellent wines, and that the wines of Argenteuil and
Suresne are drunk at Paris."
THE BOURSE—MoNnAy, MARCH 24.

Pirect Northern ... ......... .. 2% 4% to
Dublin and Belfast Junction 21
Dublin and Galway 2% 3 ...... to
Eastern Counties
Do. Perpet. 5 per Ct. No. 1. 3% ll/_s
to
Eastern Union

Ditto Extension
Edinburgh and Glasgow

Ely and Bedford _ 14 IA3 to
Great South andW. (Irish)... 5 133/4 141,E to 13%
Ditto Extension
Great North of England 100

Ditto New
Great W esteru

Ditto Fifths
Harwich ' 1
Hull and Selby
Ditto Half Shares , . 2 .... 23
Kentish Coast
Lancaster and Carlisle... l5 ...... 36 351/2 to 36%
London and Birmingham. lOO 234 ...... to
Ditto Thirds
Ditto Quarters
London and Blackwall 16% 7% to
London and 8right0n.......... 50
London and Croydon... 131. 15s. 9d.... 173/4.. ... to 18
London and South Western.. 41% 79% to 80
Ditto New
Landon and York...—. 2% ..... . 314% to
Lynn and Ely
Manchester and Leeds 73 .....147

Madrid journals of the 18th inst. state that the
discussion in the Chamber of Deputies on the Church
Property Restoration Bill had been brought to a
close on the 17th, and that the Bill had passed by a
majority of 126 to 16. Previous to the conclusion of
the debate NARVABZ, as well as the Minister of Jus-
tice, assured the Chamber that the Government
guaranteed to the present owners their rights to the
property already sold, and that on no consideration
should these rights be interfered with. The present
measure was necessary, not only as an act of justice
towards the clergy, but also to satisfy the Court of
Rome. With these views the suspension of the sales
had been resolved on, and the restitution only post-
poned till the proper time. On the 18th a courier
was dispatched to Rome with the intelligence. The
capital was quite tranquil, and preparations were in
progress for celebrating the Easter festival with
unusual splendour. The Court, it was understood,
would go to Aranjuez about the middle of April.
_ _

Ditto Half Shares
Midland 100 143 .... to 141%
_ . .

Ditto New 2 ... l 4 /41A% to
Midland, Birm. and Derby lOO lOB% to
Newcastle & Darlington ;iunc. 24 ...... 473/4
Newcastle and Berwick: ll/2 1414%... to
Newark and Sheffield
North British
Ditto New 1 .. .. 4
North Wales
Norwich and Brandon lO .....

F 11.84 Higiust Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price
....3212007 ....32107 ....3210270
French Five per Cents. •••• 117 75 •• 117 75 .. 117 60 .. 117 GO
Three per Cents— .• 85 55 .• 85 65 .. 85 55 .. 85 60
Belgian Bank ..... ..... ... G6O .. 667 50 •• 660 .. 667 50
Bank of France
•• •• 105% .. 105%
.......... 3:2:7
.. 105% .. 105%
Belgian Fives,
11884402:7.
Four-and-a-Half . 103% .. 103 x
..
103% .. 1037'
Two-and-a-Half.... 62 60 .. 62 60 .. G 2 60 .. 62 60
Spanish Active •• •• •• •• •• •• 394 .. 39y. .. 39% .. 39%
Three 5.....:...... 41 .. 41% .. 41 .. 41
Passive .• ••••• •• •• •• 7 .. 7 „„ 7
New Deferred... .• • 17 .• 17 .. 17 .. 17
Portuguese Five per Cents•• 69 .. 69 .. 60 .. 69
Neapolitan. ....... ...• . .. 101 7S .. 101 75 .. 101 75 .. 101 75
Itoinan .............. ..... 106 .. 106 .. 106 .. 106

Ditto New 1
ldWestEndJ 1 33/ to

Richmond ank . i est Enc. _ unc.
/4 .
4
Rugby, Worcester, and Tring 1
Scottish Midland ... 11/0 23/4 to
Shrews.,Wolver., Dud., Birm. 21/2 4% to 5%
South Devon
South Eastern and Dover ... 33% 43 423/4 to 431 A
Ditto New, No. 1 8
Ditto New, No. 2 2 .. . 12
Ditto New, No. 3 21,4 BI,E to
Staines and Richmond........ 1
South Wales
Trent Valley
Waterford and Kilkenny 1
West Cornwall ll4 4 /4 to
York and North Midland ... 50 ......100 101 to 99%
Ditto Scarboro' Branch
Ditto Selby

On the 18th the Three per Cents. left off at 35 at
60 days; the Five per Cents. at 254 for cash, and 2tl
at 60 days; the Coupons at 281 for the 16th of April;
and the Debt without Interest at 7/ at 59 days.

RAILWAY SHARES.
St. Germain •. ••• 1190 ..1190 ..1190 ..1190
Versailles, R.B.••• • 635 .. 637 50 .. 635 .. 637 50
L.B• • •• •• •••••• 400 . 405 .. 400 .. 405
Rouen.. ..... IISO . 1150 ..1147 50 ..1147 50
Rouen to Havre••• 975 .. 975 975 .. 975
Orleans •...•.

FRENCH RAILWAYS.
Boulogne and Amiens
Bordeaux and Toulouse
Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Cette 2
Great Northern of France ... 4
Lyons and Avignon
Orleans and Vierzon
Orleans and Bordeaux ... .. 2 ...... 111% to 11
Paris and Lyons (Laffitte) ... 2
Paris and Lyons (Ganneron's) 2 ... .. 2A% to
Paris and Orleans
Paris and Rouen .. - '2O
Paris and St. Quentin
Sambre and Meuse
Tours & Nantes (Mackenzie) 2
Ditto Ditto (Levevres)
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, MARCH 25.—The sales
are :—Eastern Counties, 21% ; Mancheste and Leeds, 146%
ex div. ; Manchester and Birmingham, 571 ex new and ex
div. ; Ditto, Quarter Shares, 93/4 ex new and ex div. ; Ditto,
New Quarters, 5% prem. ; Midland Railway Consols, 401.
Shares, 1414 ; North Union (A), 1471/4 ; Preston and Wyre,
34 331,4 ; Sheffield and Manchester, Quarter Shares, 131 ;
South-Eastern, 43 ; Barnsley Junction, 7% ; Birkenhead,
Manchester, and Cheshire Junction, 9% ; Bolton, Wigan,
and Liverpool, 103/4 36; Caledonian, 9YR ; Cambridge and
Lincoln, 63/4 ; Glasgow and Dumfries, 20s. ; Great Grimsby
and Sheffield Junction, 3%; Huddersfield and Manchester
Railway and Canal, 5% 7-16 ; Liverpool, Ormskirk, and
Preston, 33/4 ; Manchester and Buxton, 2 ; Newark and
Sheffield, 41/5 ; Scottish Central, 5% ; Sheffield and Lin-
colnshire Junction, 255. ; Shrewsbury, Wolverhampton,
Dudley, &c., 43/4 • Trent Valley, 17 ex new ; Great Northern
of France (English), 614 ; Paris and Lyons (Ganneron's),
10 prem.

The intelligence from Znrich is to the 21st inst.
The resolution of the Diet relative to the suppression
of free corps, which we gave yesterday, had been
adopted by thirteen and two half states, and conse-
quently became a federal law. The President, M.
Moussox, announced that the Austrian Charge
d'Affaires had delivered to him a copy of a dispatch,
addressed to him by Prince METTERNICH, which he
would communicate to the different cantons, as he
had not received it in time to deliver to the Diet. He
then closed the session in the following terms :
" Our deliberations are terminated. Some of you
will retire dissatisfied. A similar disposition will
manifest itself among a portion of the Swiss people.
It is consequently a duty the more imperious for you
to exert yourselves to maintain public order and
tranquillity, and not allow the interests of the com-
monwealth to be sacrificed to party spirit. I must
remind Lucerne that it depends upon its Government
not to increase the existing irritation, and to effect a
reconciliation by making a sacrifice to the country.
May Switzerland be ready to provide against
events, and strong enough to uphold her honour and
liberty under every circumstance. She would re-
pent too late, if her authority and power were aban-
doned to the mercy of party interests." We here
subjoin the note of Prince METTERNICH, referred to
by the President; but we cannot agree with our
Conservative Contemporary, the Herald, which pub-
lishes the document, that" it is directly threatening."
In our opinion, the threatening part contains ma
good sense, and points out to the different cantons
what course they should adopt to preserve the friend-
ship of the Great Powers. The following paragraph
would apply with equal force to the Government of
the United States, which would not, or could not,
prevent the lawless citizens from robbing and mur-
dering their inoffensive neighbours :—" A Govern-
ment not possessing sufficient power to master its
subjects, to prevent them carrying, with arms in
hand, murder and pillage into the territory of an in-
offensive neighbour, such a Government would not
deserve that name."

Strasburg to Bale•• • • 343 75 .. 243 75 .. 343 75 .. 343 75
Avignon to Marseilles.• ••..1120 ..1120 ..1120 • 1120
Bordeaux to Testa ...... • • 230 .. 231 25 .. 230 .. 230
RAILWAYS FOR TIIE ACCOUNT, APRIL 3.
St. Germain .• •••• •.......1186 25 ..1187 50 ..1186 26 ..1187 50
Versailles, R. •• -•• •• 635 .. 637 50 .. 630 .. 637 50
L. 8.. •••••••••• 400 .. 410 .• 400 410
Rouen•• •• •• • • •••• •• •••• ••1143 —1155 ••1145 ••1155
Rouen to Havre . •••• •• .••• 980 ~ 980 •• 978 75 •• 980

orTeans. •• •• •• •• ...• ..1310 ..1320
Strasburg to 8a1e.......... 345 .. 345 .• 342 50 .. 345
Avignon to Marseilles.... ..1120 .. 1140 •• 1115 • •1135
Bordeaux to Testo ......... 230 .. 230 .. 230 .. 230

The following notices appeared yesterday at the
General Post-office, St. Martin's-le. Grand :—" By com-
mand of the Postmaster General.—Notice to the public,
and instructions to all postmasters, sub-postmasters, and
letter-receivers.—General Post-office, March, 1845.—As
it appears that some misapprehension exists with re-
spect to the additional rates of postage authorised to
be levied by instructions No. 3, 1845, postmasters
and letter-receivers are hereby informed that such ad-
ditional rates are not to be taken on any letters or
newspapers addressed to places within the territory of
the East India Company, nor upon such as are ad-
dressed to Ceylon ; but only upon those letters and news.
papers addressed to places beyond India (Ceylon excepted)
which are intended to be forwarded to India by packet
either via Southampton, or via Marseilles, for re-trans-
mission from India by sea to their destination. W.
L. Maberly, Secretary."—" The next mails for Malta,
Greece, the lonian Islands, Egypt, India &c., via South-
ampton, will be dispatched from hence on the morning
of the 3d of April—Her Majesty's steamer Hecate, for
the Mediterranean, Egypt, India, &c., the mails of the
morning of the 3d April next.—Montrose, for the
Peninsular mails of the morning of 27th inst. The next
mails for the Mediterranean, Egypt, Ceylon, India, and
China, via Marseilles, will be dispatched from hence on
the evening of 7th April.—Her Majesty's brig Express
will take out for Madeira, Brazil, and Buenos Ayres, the
mails of the Ist April. The Dee for the West India
mails of the morning of the 2d April.—The Caledonia
for the American mails of the evening of the 3d April.
The Graham for the Sydney (New South Wales) mails
of the evening of the 31st instant.
NORTH SHIELDS.—A beautiful specimen of fossil
oak has been dug out of the embankment at the New
Cut, leading to the Railway Station, by one of the work-
men engaged in repairing the wall. It was at a depth
of 35 feet below the surface, and forms part of the top
of the main trunk of the tree.—Tyne Mercury:
TAPPING.—The Rev. G. H. Parker, the incumbent
of St. Andrew's Church, in South Molton-street,
nal-green, the district in which the unfortunate James
Tapping resided, has announced a funeral sermon to be
preached next Sunday evening, at his dying request.

On Wednesday Mr. Chapman held an inquest at
the Black Horse public-house, Canal-street, on the body
of Christopher, son of Thos. Jones, of 81, Canal-street, a
boy aged eight years. The deceased, who slept in the front
parlour of the house, with his grandfather, had risen early
on Monday morning, and his parents having gone out,
he went to his grandfather to get a pipe of tobacco to
smoke. The tobacco was given him, and having lighted
it, he commenced puffing, and with the view to ape more
nearly those who had taught him the accomplishment, he
turned his back to the fire. While in this position his
pinafore caught fire, and his clothes were speedily in
flames. The grandfather having lost the use of one side
by paralysis, attempted to help him in vain, and at length
overpowered with smoke, sank upon the bed in a state
of insensibility. The smoke issued from the window
into the street, and this attracting attention, John
M'Kenna, of Mill-street, ventured into the room, and
saved the old- man, but the body of the boy was found
upon the hearth reduced to a cinder.—Vordict, " Acci-
dental death."—Manchester Times.
The Viscountess Campden was yesterday safely
delivered of a daughter, at her residence in Portman-
square.

" Vienna, March 13, 1845.
" A MONSIEUR DE PHILLIPSBERG, A ZURICH.
" Monsieur,—You have acquainted us with the mani-

IMPORTANT
FROM AMERICA.

EXPRESS FROM LIVERPOOL.

ANNEXATION OF TEXAS BY A
VOTE OF THE SENATE.
LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY EVENING.
By the arrival of the New York ship Indiana,
Captain Bennett, we have received papers tif the Ist
instant from that city—four days later.
The intelligence is very important. On the 27th
of February the Senate, by a vote of 27 to 25, agreed
to a series of resolutions, placing it at the discre-
tion of the President Elect to seek the annexation
of Texas by certain conditions hereinafter mentioned.
We subjoin full particulars.
THE QUESTION SETTLED.
ANNEXATION RESOLUTION PASSED.
The southern mail last evening brought us the excit-
ing intelligence that the Texas resolution had passed by
a vote of 27 to 25, a majority of two.
Mr. Bagby, of Alabama, voted in favour of the reso-
lution, and Mr. Foster, of Tennessee, voted against it.
Both of the senators from Ohio voted for it. The amend-
ment of Mr. Walker makes the resolution substantially
Mr. Benton's last proposition. It must now go to the
House of Representatives for concurrence.
(Correspondence of the. Herald.)
WASHINGTON, D. C., FEB. 27.—The Texas resolution
reported to the House, as amended by Mr. Walker, of
Mississippi, embracing in substance Mr. Benton's Bill,
passed the Senate about nine P.M., by a majority of 27
to 25. Foster and Jarnegin, of Tennessee, voted against
the Bill ; Merrick, Johnson, of Lou., Henderson, of
Miss., and Bagby, of Alabama, voted for it.
The two last speeches made in the debate were from
Crittenden and Archer.
The Senate took a recess until six in the evening. For
an hour before the time arrived, spectators began to as-
semble in the lobby and galleries of the Senate Chamber.
At six the President took the chair, calling Senators to
order. The large gilded chandelier hanging from the
dome of the Senate hall, had its twenty-six lamps lighted
up. Every nook and corner of the galleries were now
crowded to overflowing with solid masses of human
beings. The gentlemen made such an early and general
rush to the Senate Chamber, filling it up so completely,
that few ladies were able to obtain an entrance, except
those who went half an hour in advance of the time.
The doors of the chamber were left open. The ante-
chamber was filled with ladies, who could hear the speak-
ing inside through the open door. Never before, pro-
bably, did the Senate Chamber contain so many spec-
tators as on this important occasion.
At an early stage of the proceedings Mr. Foster, of
Tennessee, offered an amendment to Mr. Walker's
amendment, the latter adding a portion of Mr. Benton's
Bill to the House resolutions, leaving it discretionary
with the President to adopt either plan in treating with
Texas. This amendment was lost.
Mr. Berrien then offered an amendment which was
voted down, 25 to 26. Mr. Walker's amendment to the
House resolutions was then reported, passed upon in
Committee, then in the whole House. The
resolutions of the House with the amendment,
then came up. Mr. Crittenden then moved to
strike out the House resolutions altogether from
the Bill. This was put and lost—yeas and nays
being called for in every case. Mr. Archer then
moved that the House resolutions be stricken out, and
an amendment which he offered, be inserted in place of
them. This motion was put and lost. Finally, after
several Whig Senators had spoken, giving their reasons
for the vote they were about to give, and urging anew
many of their most prominent objections to the whole
Bill, the same was put as amended, and carried in the
, affirtnative-27 to 25, all the democratic Senators voting
for it, with Johnson, of La., Merrick, of Maryland, and
Henderson, of Mississippi, Whigs, voting for it. There
is BO question that the amendments to the House reso-
lutions will be immediately passed on reaching that body.
So we may consider Texas as annexed to this Union!
Swelling the number of States to 27.
The passage of the Bill of annexation has given rise
to many rumours. One is that Senor Almonte will in a
day or two demand his passports and leave Washington.
This piece of mock dignity will probably be prompted
by Mr. Pakenham, the English Minister, as we dare say
Almonte will scarcely venture back to Mexico, where
his master is lying in prison to await his trial.
The rumour afloat among persons well informed is,
that our Government has received dispatches from
Mexico, which evince a favourable and friendly disposi-
tion on the part of the new Government of Mexico to-
wards the United States, leaving no probability of any
hostile feelings being manifested against us on account of
annexation.
It is also rumoured that all the evidence in relation
to the intrigues of England for the acquisition of Cali-
fornia, has been laid before the Senate in secret session.
It is also said that two new regiments of troops will be
forthwith raised and marched for Texas, to act with
other troops at a proper time for taking possession of the
country, and hoisting our glorious stars and stripes over
that beautiful laud.
Mr. Pakenham has shown much anxiety in relation
to the final passage of this measure, and I believe was
present on the floor of the Senate Chamber till a late hour
to-night.
After the passage of the Bill, a large number of demo-
cratic senators proceeded to Coleman's, to call upon the
President Elect, and congratulate him on the final passage
of this great measure through the Senate. Among
them I noticed Mr. Woodbury, Mr. Buchannan, and
Mr. Walker.
P. S. —Eleven P. X.—The people are rejoicing in the
streets. A band of music is out serenading President
Polk and President Tyler, attended by a crowd of people,
who rend the air with their huzzas. Mr. Calhoun's
hotel was also visited in the same manner.
A salute of 27 guns was fired from a piece of ord-
nance stationed on Capital Hill.
The following is a copy of the Texas Bill as it
passed the Senate on Thursday night :
Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Represen-
tatives of the United States of America in Congress as-
sembled, that Congress doth consent that the territory
properly included within, and rightfully belonging to,
the Republic of Texas, may be erected into a new State
to be called the State of Texas, with a republican form
of Government, to be adopted by the people of said Re-
public, by deputies in convention assembled, with the
consent of the existing Government, in order that the
same may be admitted as one of the States of this
Union.
Sec. 2. And be it further resolved, that the foregoing
consent of Congress is given upon the following condi-
tions, and with the following guarantees, to wit:
First, Said State to be formed, subject to the adjust-
ment by this Government of all questions of boundary
that may arise with other Governments; and the consti-
tution thereof, with the proper evidence of its adoption
by the people of said Republic of Texas, shall be trans-
mitted to the President of the United States, to be laid
before Congress for its final action, on or before the Ist
day of January, 1846.
Second. Said State when admitted into the Union,
after ceding to the United States all mines, minerals salt
lakes, and springs; and also all public edifices, fortifica-
tions, barracks, ports and harbours, navy and navy yards,
docks, magazines, arms, armoments, and all other pro-
perty and means pertaining to the public defence, belong-
ing to said Republic of Texas, shall retain all the public
funds, debts, taxes, and dues of every kind, which may
belong to, or be due, or owing said• Republic ; and shall
also retain.all the vacant and unappropriated lands lying
within its limits, to be applied to the pat ment of the
debts and liabilities of said Republic of Texas ; and
the residue of said lands, after discharging said debts
and liabilities, to be disposed of as such said State
may direct ;:but in no event are said debts and liabilities
to become a charge upon the Government of_the United
States.
Third. New States of convenient size, and having
sufficient population, may hereafter, by the consent of
said State, be formed out of the territory thereof, which
shall be entitled, to admission under the provisions of the
Federal Constitution. And such States as may be formed
out of that portion of said territory lying south of
36 deg. 30 min. north latitude, commonly known as the
Missouri compromise line, shall be admitted into the
Union, with or without slavery, as the people of each
State asking admission may desire.
fAnd be it further " Resolved, That if the President of
the United States shall in his judgment and discretion
deem it most advisable, instead of proceeding to submit
the foregoing resolution to the Republic of Texas as an
overture on the part of the United States for admission,
to negotiate with that Republic ; then be it resolved that
a State to be formed out of the present Republic of Texas
with suitable extent and boundaries, and with two re-
presentatives in Congress, until the next appointment
of representation shall be admitted into the Union by
virtue of this Act, or on an equal footing with the exist.
ing States, as soon as the terms and conditions of such
admission, and the cession of the remaining territory to
the United States shall be agreed upon by the Govern-
ment of Texas and the United States. And the sum of
8100,000 is hereby apportioned to defray the expenses
of missions and negotiations to agree upon the terms of
said admission and cession, either by treaty or by articles
to be submitted to the two Houses of Congress as the
President may direct."
(Correspondence of the Express.)
WASHINGTON, FEB. 27. The deed is done, and Texas
becomes a part of the Union. The excitement is intense
here, and will be more intense with you. The alleys,
the areas, the halls, the corridors tending to the Senate
Chamber were thronged, and word was passed from per-
son to person announcing the result with the greatest
anxiety and solemnity. It was received with the silence
and gravity becoming so momentous a vote.
The annexation of Texas by a mere resolution of Con-
gress, is a revolution in the Government. It often is
wiser to submit to a revolution than to resist it ; and it
may be in this case. We ought, however, to insist, and
so far as we can, compel Mr. Polk to take the treaty
form of annexation, rather than the joint resolution
form, and so far save the Constitution. Upon that let
there be agitation. The truth is, however, it is a reso-
lution not binding in the least upon us, who are op-
posed to it.
Merrick, Henderson, and Johnson deserve the lashing
of the public press. They have betrayed the country,
violated their own consciences, and broken their oaths
and the Constitution, wilfully and knowingly. On the
contrary, how gallantly have the Kentucky Senators,
the Virginia Senators, Mr. Mangum, of N.C., Mr.
Jarnagin, of Tenn., Mr. Berrien, of Geo., and Mr.
Barrow, of La., borne themselves. Shame on the