The Sun.
London, England, 1826-01-04 00:00:00

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Meeting, and they have invited the United States to be also
represented there by their Ministers. The invitation has been
accept ,tl, and :tlinisters on the of the United States will be
folllnlissioned to attend at those deliberations, and to take part
tbent; so fares may be compatible with that neutrality from
which it is neither stir intention, nor the desire of the other
American States, that we should depart. •
" The Commissions under the sevt-oth article of the Treaty
of fih'ent have so nearly completed their labours, that by the
report •Kteently reuisred from thz ApOnt on the part of the
UtittotillAterli Acre iv reason t kNpeltt- that the Commission
will ere` used at t!, it next Snsitni, appointed for the 22d of
fiat . aribe Cllllliftg
appoil,,d to Ascertain the indent.
nkties:.ifile fin carried away front the. United States, after
theetKet'Ar the Life war, have met whir Some ditfitultr, •which
ittK delayed the prt,,,r of the inquiry. A reference has been
smut., to the. Britist, tiovernment on the subject, which, it may
kg.: hoped, will tend o :still the decision of the Commissioners,
Or serve as a substitute for it. . .

." -Among the powers specilkilly granted to Congress by the
I.'onatittition, are those of establishing uniform laws on the sub-
ject of bankruptcies throughout the United States, and of pro-
g for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and
for governing such part Of them as may be employed in the ser.
vice of the United States. 'Cie magnitudesand complexity of
•-the interests affected by legislation upon these subjects, may tic-
count for the tact, that long awl often as both of them have oc-
cupied The attention, and animated the debates of Congress, no
systems have yet been devised for fulfilling, to the satisfaction of
the community, the duties prescribed by these grants of power.
To conciliate the claim of the individual citizen to the enjoy.
theft of personal liberty, with the effective obligation of private
contructs, is the difficult problem to he solved by a law of' bank-
ruptcy. These are objects of the kept:at-interest to society; af.
fecting till that is precious in.the existence of multitudes of per.
sons, many of them in the classes eseentially dependent anti
helpless ; of the age requiring nature, and of the sex entitled
ei protection, from the free agency of the parent and the hos.
band. The organization of the militia is more indispensable to
the liberties of the country. It is only by en effective militia that
we can at once enjoy the repose'of peace, and bid defiance to fo-
reign aggresaion ; it is by the militia diet we are constituted an
armed tuition ,ste nding in perpetual panoply of defence in the pre-
sence of all nations of the earth. • To this end, it would be neces-
eary so ui shape its organization, us to give it a more united and
active energy. Their are laws for establishing an oniforni
niili-
tia throughout the United States, and for arming and equipping
its whole body. But it is a body of tlislocat(it members, without
, the vigour of unity, t,l having little of uniformity but the
name. To infuse into this InUSC important institution the power
of which it is intsceptible, and to make it available for the de.
fence of the Union, at the shortest notice, and at the smallest
expence of time, of life, and of treasure, are among the benefits
to he expected foto the persevering deliberations of Congress.
"among the unequivocal indications of our national prospe-
rity, is the flourishing state of our finances. The revenues of
alto present year, from all the principal sources, will exceed the
anticipations of the last. The balance in the treasury, on the
• let of January hot, was a little short of two millions and a
half. being the moietteof the loon of five millions, authorised
by the.act of 20th May, 1024. The receipts in the treasury
front the Ist of January to the 13th of September, exclusive of
the other moiety of the Name loan, are estimated at 10,500,000
dollars, and it is expected that those of the current quarter will
..exceed five millions of dollars; fotming an aggregate of re-
ceipts of nearly twenty-tWo millions, independent of the loan.
The expenditures id' the year will not exceed that sum
more than two millions. fly those. expenditures nearly
eight millions of the principal of the public debt have been
discharged. More than a million and a half has been devoted
to the debt of gratiolde to the-warriors of the Revolution ;
nearly equal au to the construction of-fortifications, and the
acquisition of' ordnance and oilier permanent preparativee of
notional defence. a million to the gradual increase of
the Navy; an equal sum for the purchases of territory from
the Indians, and payment of annuitiea to them; toel up-
wards of a million hir objects of internal improvement autho-
rised by special Acts of the last Congress. It' We add. to
these, four millions of dollars for payment of interest upon
the public debt, there remains a sum of about seven mil-
, lions, which Jinn defrayed the whole expenses of the mind.
nistration of Government, in its hegieletive, Executive, and
Judiciary Departments, inchuling the support of the Military
and Naval Establishments,. and all the occasional contingencies
of it Government co-extensive with the Union. . .

,
" The amount of duties secured on merchandise imported,.
front the conanencement of the year, is about twenty-live
-millions and a half; and that which will accrue during the
••current quarter is estimated at five millions and a half: front
these thirty-one millions, deducting the drawbacks,. estimated
.et less titan etven millions, a sum exceeding twenty/41)11r mil.
lions will constitute the revenue of the year, and will exceed
- the whole expenditures of the year. The entire sin tint of
public debt remaining due on the Ist of January next, v. ill be
Alma of eighty-one. millions of dollars.
" By an Act of Congress of the ad of ,March last, a loan of
twelve millions of dollars tens authorised at four and a half per
cent. or an exchange of stock to that amount of four and a half
per cent. for a stock of six per cent. to create a fund for
guishing an equal amount of the public debt, beariag an hue-
rest of six per 'cent redeemable m lON. An account of the
measures taken to give eflixt to this act will be laid before you
.14 the Secretary of the Treasury. As the object which it had
in view has been but partially stecompliihed, it will be for the
oonsideration of Congress, whether the power with. wli cll it•
clothed the +4:r:coulee should not be renewed at an .early day of
• the present Session, tend under what modification.
" The Aet of CoogresS of the :4d March last, directing the
ilectetary of the Treasury to subscribe, in the name and for the
.us‘.! of the United States, for ono thousand five hundred shares
of the capital stock of the Chesapeake and Delaw are CanalCom-
patty, has been executed by the actual subscriptiOn hir the
MLIIIOUNC specified, and such other measures have been adopted
by that officer, under the Act, as the fulfilment or its intentions

require. The latest accounts received of this important under.
taking, authorise the belief that it is in successful progress.
" The payment Into the treasury from proceeds of the sales of
the Public Lands, during the present year? were estimated at
one million of dollars. The actual receipts of the first two quer.
tors have fallen very little short of that sum ; it is not expect.
ed that the second half of the year will be equally productive ;
'but the inmate of the year from that source may now be safely
estimated at a million and a half. The Act of Congress of the
lfith of MaY, 11124, to provide for the extinguishment of the
debts due to the. United States by Om purchasers of public
lands, was limited in its operation of relief to the purchaser, to
the 10th of April last. Its etreets at the end of the quarter
during which it expired was to reduce the debt from ten to
.seven millions. Ily the operation of similar prior laws of relief
front and since that of the tid of March, 1021, the debt has bet .n
reduced from upwards of 22 millions to ten. It is exceedingly
desirable that it should be extinguished altogether; and
to facilitate that consummation I recommend to Con.

gmita the revival, hr one yea more, the acts of 111di May,
MI, with such proyilioeftl rnediGeatione as may be necessary
_to guard the pulthe itaereit against fraudulent practice in the
resale of the relinquished lands. The purchasers of public
lands are amongst the most useful of our fellow citizens, and,
eitice the system of males for twit alone has been introduced,
greet indulgence halt been justly extended to thoic who had pre.
viously purchased upon credit. The debt which had been con.
tracted wider the credit bales, had become unwieldy, and its ex-
tinction was ulike edvantageotte to the purchaser and the public.
'tinder the system of salet, matured es it has been by experience,
vile adapted to the exigencies of the times, the hinds will con.
time', as they have become, an abundant source of revenue;
mid when the pledge of them to the public Creditor shall be re-
deemed by the entire discharge of the national debt, the swell.
log tute of wealth with which they replenish the common tree.
!tory, may be made to reflow in unfailing streams of improve-
ment from the Atlantie to the Pacific I keen.
'c T
he condition of the various' bretehes of the public service
414ortilig font the Detainment of Wet, and their tuituiniatration
during the current year, will be exhibited in the Report from
the Secretary of War, mid the accompanying dorwitents here.
with centritunicated. The orgenization and discipline of the
ermy ere effective and satisfactory. To counteract the pre'va.
lance of desertion among the troops, it has been suggested to
withhold from the Mee a snail portion of their monthly pay
until the period of their discharge and some expedient appearx
to be necessary to preatrve and Maintain among the etlieere so
much of the art of horsemanship us could scarcely fed to be
foarid wanting, on the poseible sudden eruption of a wer,whiel
should not overtake us in:provided with a single corps of ca.
laity, The Militery Academy at West Point, under the re.
atriedons of a severe of parental superintendence, recommends
int& more sod inure to the patronage of the nation ; and the
number of meritorious Akers which it forms and introduces to
the public orrice, fuiaishes the means of multiplying the un-
Jortaltings of.public improvements, to which their acquire.
reuse at dolt metitutitin are peculierly adapted. The school
of artillery practice, estebliefted at Fortress Monroe, is well
suited to tile itiiMe purpose, arid may need the aid of further
legislativeproviiions to the sane end. The reports from the
ymious °Mars at die head or the administrative branches of
the military service, cutineeted with the quartering, clothing,
subsisttinue, health, and pay, attic army, exhibit the assiduous
vigilance of thteie Akers in the performance of their respective
duties, and- the faithful accotuttability whielf has perveded

kOltrY jut of the apteta. . . -
" Our reilititnis with Ole numerous tribes ofabnriginal natives
ul. to, countof, „„eattcred over its extensive surface, antl so de-
I.
,i;flent eveii be their txiitent.at Lye» Our pow4r, have been,
,
,10:;.4; ...“; pro,eiit year, high!y interesting. An Art of Co' n.
—ofts of the 25t1; „Ilay„, in 4, uladt2 an appropriation to defray
gc • ..
Jle ix punces of waking treaties of oath:. and friendship with the
judjan Tribes beyond the Alissiaaluiii. An Act of lid March,