The Sun.
London, England, 1845-07-28 00:00:00

iUorufng:7l' ji-JA*

LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 28, 1845.

We have often protested against a monstrous and cruel
anomaly in the practice of our police-courts, under
which poverty and destitution are recognised, on the one
hand, as palliating or extenuating circumstances strong
tnougltto %arrant the commutation of a punishment, or
the mitigation of a penalty is left to the option of the
magistrate ; but, on the other, are not allowed to exenspi
a delinquent party labouring under them, from fees of
courtnnd eo.-sts Fully equal to those which would have
b.visited on a p :rty convicted of a similar Offence
under a much more aggravated form, or of some other
offence of a different and much graver class and cha-
racter. The illustration of this anomaly will
occur
rtoevery reader who has perused the reports of thisyY
common clsss of cases. For example: a wretched, house
-
less, perishing outcast is detected in the act
t;
carrying away from a roadside copse a few
fragments of dead twigs, wherewith to kindle a
fire under some hedge-row to protect him from perish-
ing under the inclemency of the weather. A man out
of work, and tramping he scarce knows whither to seek
it, with a wife and a couple of children at his heels,
equally famished and desolate as himself, is seen to purloin
a turnip from a field. The sticks, in the first instance,
are, even at the value put upon them by the over-zealous
bailiff who brings the charge, worth less than three
farthings—the turnip, in the other, by the valuation, even
of the angry farmer who has determined to make an
example of the offender, at one penny. Each offender
is adjudged to pay the value so assessed of the article ho

is froved to have taken ; but each has to pay in addition
from three to five, six, or seven shillings '' costs," and in
default of making such payment is committed to
prison. If the perfection of the law were
really " common sense," as some legal sages have
taught, common sense would surely suggest that
any party who had three shillings in the world to
call his own would not commit a petty larceny to the
amount of three farthings, the penalty of which must be
fine or imprisonment, with costs to the full amount, at
least, of his three shillings. If common mercy were the
basis of the law which magistrates and courts of session
administer, they would feel that where the law was satis-
fied by the payment of a fine equivalent to the damage
done, or the property taken, the official subalterns of the
tribunal which adjudges it can, on no principle of reason
or equity, be entitled to exact from the offender, in the
shape of "fees," from eighteen to thirty times the amount
of such fine. So, again, where a needy cottager or a
small householder is summoned for poor rate (the
party summoned being only distinguished from the
paupers whose support he is made to contribute for by
the circumstance of "not" receiving parochial relief, and
with honest pride preferring, at whatever privation, to
remain under his own homely roof, instead of that of the
" Union)—what is the course taken ? This : to pay,
say, four shillings for a rate which he cannot raise for
his own subsistence. A benevolent bystander the other
day stepped forward and paid that very sum for a poor
woman in this condition. But there were some eight or
nine shillings costs and fees which the benevolent stranger
could not contribute ; and so the petty sessions which
heard the case granted a warrant of execution against
the goods, the last remaining resource of the poor
woman, who, when they had been sold up, would be
turned out a destitute beggar on the world. If you give
an option to magistrates and justices to mitigate the
penalties to guilt, according to the character of the
facts under which the act is established before them—
why not give them at least as large an option to mitigate
penalties to misfortune and poverty unaccompanied by
guilt ?

that such w;:s the action of his monetary sys-
tem, that the Bank had in round numbers
18,600,000 of bullion in its cellars. Three weeks ago
this amount had declined, by almost regular gradations,
to 16,050,0001 By last Friday night's Gazate we perceive
that this bas further decreased, till the aggregate of gold
and silver bullion in store is only 15,393,7001. About
three weeks ago the gold in store, coin and bullion toge-
ther, was 13,911,607/.; on Friday last it was 13,394,3061.
At the former period silver bullion was 2,140,0081., at
the latter only 1,998,3941. The symmetry of the bul-
lion proportions of our model currency is fast approach-
ing to its development, " small by degrees, and beau-
tifully less." A more melancholy exhibition than Sir
ROBERT'S defence against Mr. SPOONER'S demonstration
that the present monetary derangements were not owing
to, but the inevitable results of his own unskilful tamper-
ing with the currency, we never heard. It was too
good an exhibition, however, not to deserve a special
notice ; a compliment we shall assuredly pay to it, when
we have a litte more space to spare for that purpose.
But we must remark, in passing, that the coolness of
his attack upon Mr. SPOONER was only to be equalled
by the bad taste with which he introduced some coarse
allusions to that gentleman's commercial con-
nexion ; to Warwickshire men, and (ye gods !)
to Castor and Pollux ! ! Perhaps—a joke.
Sir ROBERT PEEL'S facetiousness is always the most
ponderous levity imaginable. One joke of his would
suffice, at any time, to ballast Mr. GREEN'S monster bal-
loon. But one of his currency pleasantries would as-
suredly bring down the aerial navigator nearer to earth
than the stoutest grappling iron that was ever wielded.
To pass from Sir ROBERT to his Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer—Mr. GOMM:MN was much too discreet to be
wiser than his leader. In answer to Mr. HUME'S com-
plaint that Government had done nothing to protect the
poor from these periodical losses on light gold coin, he
gravely uttered this defence:—He contended that the
Government had taken measures to protect the poor to
the utmost of their power ; but that, in truth, Govern-
ment had very little power over the coinage. That to
provide district surveyors for great towns and for the
metropolis, with proper weights and measures to test the
coin on application, would be a process most incon-
venient and expensive, since every little village
and town would be claiming the same accom-
modation ; that the Government had used every
precaution to protect the poor by issuing orders to
all the Postmasters throughout the Kingdom to take the
gold coin at a deduction of threepence each sovereign, if
the parties tendering it chose to part with it on these
terms—and that, besides, every post-office was instructed
to provide itself with an accurate machine to detect light
gold. Admirable scheme for the permanent establish-
ment of a sound, safe, and indestructible gold currency ?
Marvellous measures of protection for the poor from
taking light gold ? These talismanic post-office scales
of course are to operate to prevent the poor from being
previously defrauded by payments in the market place,
or at the work table, or in the pay room ? Had we not
witnessed the inconceivable apathy with which the Com-
mons have passed such ruinous measures as those of
1819, 1822, an• 3 1844, on the currency, we
,hould be unable to imagine how sensible
:nen could listen to such twaddle as this.
the truth must be told. The fault lies in the profound
ignorance of the Legislature itself on this all-important
subject. The education of the mostcultivated of our pub-
lic men has, in very few instances, been such as to afford
them an opportunity of mastering the elementary prin-
ciples even of our monetary system. In after-life, men very
generally entertain a sort of traditional distaste for—a
caste-like prejudice against—i'l iove...ti3ations connected
with the currency. In this way only can one account for
the facility with which Hon. Members have been
brought to sanction whatever extravagances Sir R.
PEEL has thought proper to propose in relation to cur-
rency. To the cause of sounder views on this great
question, we hail with unmingled satisfaction the acces-
sion of such champions as Mr. SPOONER and Mr. NEW-
BEGAT& The former, profoundly observed that
" Agriculture, manufactures, and commerce were never
in a prosperous condition at one and the same time,
within the period during which the present standard of
value had prevailed." The latter, after a dignified re-
buke to the Premier for the levity and personality with
which he had attacked those who opposed and exposed
his attempt at fixing a gold standard of value, concluded
with these remarkable words.—They involve an appeal
so eloquent and forcible that they must be successfully
responded to.
" To proceed, year by year, with free-trade enact-
ments, accompanied by measures like the Currency Act
of 1844, would be to cause such a pressure upon the
people oP'this country as had never been equalled in any
civilised state. He called upon the country and men of
hi:3 own standing not to be backward in obtaining a
proper knoaledge and understanding of this question.
It aas impossible for men to legislate on great questions
of taxation upon articles of consumption without under-
standing it."

We are well please& to observe that the question was
incidentally raised, last night, in the House of Commons,
on Mr. Escorr's moving the committal of the Fees
(Criminal Courts) Bill. Its object, the Hon. Gen-
tleman said, was to relieve accused persons from
the necessity of paying exorbitant fees prior to
obtaining their right of pleading and right of
trial. If any such party have not the money,
the practice is in the session courts of several of our
counties to refuse him the right of pleading. Thus, a man
charged with misdemeanour is refused, it seems, the
right of ph ading " not guilty," unless he first pays the
fees ; and the consequence is that the prisoner is often
remanded without trial, and brought up in a subsequent
session, or on repeated occasions, till the worthy func-
tionaries who have the control of these matters are satis-
fied that he cannot pay. Although it appeared by re-
turns which the House has called for, that in thirty-two
counties of England and Wales the practice has been
abandoned, it seems to obtain in the other twenty.
In Somersetahire, Devonshire, and Dorsetshire espe-
cially, Mr. Escort could speak to its being persisted in
at the present day, and if the House would
affirm his Bill, it would have the effect of assi-
milating the proceedings of these courts throughout
England and Wales, by making it the universal practice
to discontinue the practice (which was clearly an illegal
one) of extorting the fees in question. As to the dis-
tinctio❑ which it had been attempted to take between
the cases of a party acquitted and a party convicted, he
could not detect it, and he was sure the House would
not recognise it. Now let us remark how aptly this
point was illustrated. He supposed an instance of a man
acquitted and another convicted, on a similar charge
of misdemeanor ; the convicted man being fined one
shilling. If the costs, in each case, be 3/., and the
amount of the convicted party's fine be deducted therefrom,
the balance of the difference will be just one shilling. The
innocent man will pay 3/. costs on being tried for an
offence which he has not committed ; and the guilty
man 2/. 19s. costs, for an offence which he has committed,
and is. penal fine. It is scarcely possible to imagine a
higher reach of legal absurdity than this. The only
escape from such absurdity will be found in the adoption
of the conclusion that Mr. Escort arrived at—namely,
that justice cannot be done unless the law be more dis-
tinctly declared, that no money in the shape of fees shall
be demanded of any person charged with a crime, except
the amount of that penalty which the court shall, under
due authority, have legally imposed upon him for such
offence.

We contend that by strict analogy this principle
should be extended to costs ; for the reasonable pre-
sumption is that the sentence embraces the whole scope
of the penalty it has been in the contemplation of the;
law to decree for the specific offence. To aggravate
this penalty by costs or by fees is not only a positive
increase of punishment, but may in a thousand caseiOlke
converted into a machinery of the most tyrannous in-
justice, as well as severity beyond the law. And it is
not a little remarkable that the Right Hon. Secretary
who, in an earlier part of this discussion, declared that
he must dissent from the opinion of Mr. ESCOTT en-
tirely with regard to the extension of his principle to
persons found guilty, because he (Sir J. GRAHAM) Has
of opinion that persons convicted should pay, at any
rate, a portion of the expenses which the prosecutor of
the offence so proved against them had entailed, re-
tracted this view of the case, in point of fact, at a sub-
sequent period. He gave notice that if the House would
reject Mr. ESCOTT'S Bill (which it immediately did), he
would be prepared that evening to lay on the table a
Bill to abolith the taking of all fees in criminal cases,
both from parties against whom the finding of the court
will be recorded, and from those who shall have been
acquitted of the charges brought against them. This is
really a step in the right direction of sound criminal ju-
risprudence, on which we heartily congratulate the Right
Hon. Baronet and the country.

Some persons think that Captain BOLDER° has been
hardly treated; none will doubt that Mr. WRAY is
lucky man. Captain BOLDER°, to Whom nothing worse
than indiscretion can be imputed, is forced to resign his
office, while Mr. WRAY gets off with a reprimand. But
then Captain BOLDERO'S indiscretion is of this year,
while Mr. WnAv's malpractice dates as far back as 1836.
This is Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S distinction. If Mr.
Wnay's detection had been postponed for some years
longer, the same logic would transform his sin into a
virtue. Any how, there is inconsistency in the course
which has been taken by the Government. If Mr.
WRAY, whose offence is greater than Captain BOLDER°,
has been treated with more lenity than the Captain, Mr.
Bomum, who is worse than Mr. WRAY, should have
been dealt with the most leniently of the three. But
Mr. L'ONHAM fares as ill as Captain BOLDERO.
Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S letter, conveying the repri-
mand to Mr. WitAv, has been laid on the table of the
House of Commons, on the motion of Mr. HAWES, and
we have already printed it in e.ztenso, When Sir JAMES
GRAUAM determined, for reasons best known to himself,
to let Mr. WaAv off with a reprimand, he should have
determined also to resist all applications for the publi-
cation of his letter. Did our readers ever see such a
specimen of the " rigmarole ?" Mr. WRAY'S chief
offence is not alluded to, viz., the payment to Mr. BON-
HAM. Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S " regret" and " disappro-
bation" are confined to Mr. WRAY'S having been "the
paid agent of a private company," and " having been
engaged to canvass Members of the House of Coinmons,''
in favour of that Company's Bill. But the three hun-
dred pounds to Mr. BoNnAm. Oh, no l we never men-
tion it. Here is the document :

Mr. HUME deserves the thanks of the public for direct
ing the attention of Parliament, on Friday, to the new
‘• Proclamation for calling in Light Gold," and the re-
marks with which he illustrated his question were well
calculated to elicit direct answers, had he had to de:,l
with Ministers who were disposed to give any. 'The
smart debate to which Mr. HUMei speech gave rise
may make amends, however, for this disappointment.
Mr. liumE, adverting to the effect of the proclamation,
showed that the poorer classes of consumers were pecu-
liarly exposed to the losses which the holders of light coin
had now to meet; tradesmen, public offices, &c., (1( ducting
from each light sovereign tendered from fourpence to six-
pence each. He calculated the average loss sustained
through these fluctuations in the value of the gold coin
at not less than 75,0001. Mr. SPOONER showed that this
loss was aggravated to tradesmen in the country from
their being compelled, at the end of the week, to collect
their light gold and send it up to London, in order to get
it exchanged at the serious discount in question, and
then remitted back to them in the country with the
superadded charge for carriage. Mr. JOHN ABEL
SMITH entreated the attention of the Government to
tha extraordinary scarcity of silver coin, which pre
vaili d in some parts of the country to such an extent
as to have rendered difficult, and almost interrupted, the
payment of wages. Upon this extreme scarcity he was
induced to express his hope that the Government would
institute immediate inquiries, with a view to regulate the
weight of the silver coin.

Whitehall, July 19, 1845.
forward to you, for your information, in the event
of your net having already perused it, a copy of the report of
the Select Committee appointed by the House of Commons to
inquire into the allegations of a petition from the South-East-
ern Railway Company; together with the minutes of evidence
taken before that Committee.

I have learnt with regret from this report, that you were, in
the year 1636, while holding a responsible office under Govern-
ment,' retained as a paid agent of a private company to pro-
m:)te the success of a Bill introduced into Parliament on their
behalf; and that you were engaged to canvass Members of the
House of Commons in favour of that measure during its pro-
gress through Parliament.
It now becomes my duty to convey to you my strong disap-
probation of the course which you thus pursued. Ido not
think it necessary, on the present occasion, to express any
opinion whether the due performance of the duties of Receiver-
General of Police might or might not have been, in the first
instance, compatible with private practice as a barrister ; but
I can entertain no doubt that your interference, especially as a
paid agent in canvassing Members, must tend to weaken the
confidence of the public in the impartiality of the Government,
whose officer you are, and materially to impair your efficiency
in the performance of the official duties which are entrusted
to you.
I am informed that for some years past you have abstained
from accepting any professional engagement as a barrister. I
approve of your having done so, and I expect that for the fu-
ture the same course will be invariably pursued by you.
The duties of your office are onerous and important, and I
consider it absolutely necessary that henceforth the Receiver-
General of the Police should confine himself entirely to those
duties; and any departure from this rule will be regarded by
me as a sufficient ground for your removal from the appoint-
ment which you now hold.—l am, &c.,
(Signed) J. R. G. GRAHAM.
John Wray, Esq., Receiver-General of Police.
If the House of Commons and the public are satisfied
with this letter we shall be greatly surprised. We und,r-
stand that Mr. WRAY, who is here cautioned to confine
himself entirely in future to the duties of his office of
Receiver-General of Police, is the resident Director of
the University Assurance Company, and, if so, he holds
an office which must take much time, and the holding of
which is quite inconsistent with Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S
in-tructions. This should be inquired into. We hear
that Mr. WRAP has been useful to the Tories in Uni-
versity elections. This may be a good reason for Uni-
versity Tories to put him into a good berth in their In-
surance Company and to keep him there ; but it is no
reason for shielding him as a public officer from the
punishment due to his misconduct. We conclude, after
the strong opinion expressed the other night by Lord
RussELL on the impropriety of retaining Mr. Witiot
in his office, that this matter will not be allowed to drop.

To any of our readers who bear in mind the pom-
pous announcements of the Premier last year, that by
his famous complement of the Bill of 1819, he had put
the currency of the country on the soundest of footings,
and by his notable scheme of turning the Bank of Eng-
land into a see-saw establishment of deposit and issue,
the state of things on Friday night brought under the
view of the House of Commons, must supply matter fur
instructive reflection. Sir R. PEEL has applied to the cur-
rency of this kingdom the same intuitive principle which
Sir Wm. SvmoNns has been allowed to experimentalize
with on her MAJESTY'S navy, and with much the same
success. Disregarding all the lights of experience, all the
protests and remonstrances of practical men of the
highest authority, they have each of them broken in
upon a great system that they found long established
and working admirably well for the purposes of its own
constitution, and the best interests of the empire. Each
projector has been successful in inducing Government
to allow him to work out hi s own favourite crotchet, iind
h e has hacked and hewn down, reduced and altered, and
enlarged, with very little skill and less judgment, to
qualify his unbounded self-confidence, till
upon
llthe
theone a
sheads,
well nigh left us without any ships of war
as the other will, ere long, leave us without money in
our coffers. That the gold coin should once in every
ad
twon roarptihd dreeeelyinee, years be
justhesitzheed
fate which
wah sweatingw a s
predicted sickness,
from the hour of its birth for Sir ROBERT'S ricketti
bantling. It was seized with hideous convulsions in 1825,
before six years old ; in 1833-38-39 it all but perished
under various forms of commercial and American col-
lapse. Sir ROBERT long since announced himself as a
doctor who had been called in to consultation upon the
state of the country. We are at full liberty, therefore,
in exposing his empirical treatment of the unfortunate
patient, to contend that when he dubbed himself doctor,
he dropped
administered
w hieh
posterity t modestlytewriallti
onevea
alteratives
in
na certain
e4a
sure
rned tiun rdistinctiveleBs4tos m e n ,
r eph rihst
patient
o.
lle
is wasting at both extremities. In plain language, or
figures at least, let us contrast a few of the symp-
toms at the different periods. In 1844, he boasted

Swiss journals to the 21st have been received. They an-
nounce the murder of M. JOSEPH LEW, of Ebersol, member
of the Grand Council of Lucerne, on the night of the 19th,
at his country house. M. LEw had been a violent partisan
of the Jesuits, and it was he who forwarded their designs at
Lucerne, and created that feeling which has spread through
the whole of the republic. It has not been ascertained
whether this arose from private fl-:lings of revenge, or from
political animosity. The Goven.ment has offered a reward
for the apprehension of the murderer.
A letter from Zurich, dated July 20, says :

" The cession of the. Swiss Piet will not, in all probability, be

TNE SUN, LONDO \', MONDAY MO,RNING, ''L 20,
_1646,..

stow a long one, for snore than half-the business has been alresdy
got through. As to the questions of the Jesuits and the convents,
the President feels disposed to place only the latter on the order
or the day, in order to avoid the irritation which could not fail to
be caused by the former, and which might impede other b.isiliess.
Much sensation has been caused here by the sudden departure of
the first deputy of Lucerne, M. Siegwarl-Muller, who lately
declared himself so warmly in favour of the Jesuits,
and who has, consequently, not met with a favourable recep.
tion when he has appeared abroad. His excuse for his present
act is, that be did not consider himself secure from per-
sonal injury at Zurich. The Jesuits bad scarcely been installed in
Lucerne than they sought to acquire possession of land in the ad-
joining cantons. They have just purchased a large building near
Mencingen, in the canton of Zug, in order to convert it into an
establishment, either avowed or disguised, of their society. This
act only too well justifies the fears of those who declared that, if
once the Jesuits placed their foot in the principal Catholic town of
the Vorort, they would soon overrun the whole of primitive Swit-
zerland. The members of the clergy who offer the slightest oppo-
sition to their designs become the objects of persecution. Dr.
Steiger has decided on fixing himself at Berne, where he is ex.
pected at the end of July. His presence in Switzerland is still the
great cause of alarm to the Government of Lucerne."

Madrid papers of the 18th instant have arrived. The
Gaceta contains the following official document :
" All the accounts received by the Government from various
points of the Peninsula, and from foreign parts, clearly reveal the
existence of vast combined plans, which the premature rebellion in
Catalonia has probably frustrated."

The route which the QUEEN would take in quitting Bar-
celona was still matter of conjecture. It was, however,
considered probable that her MAJESTY would proceed by
Tervel to Saragossa and the Basque provinces, and the He-
raldo deplores it in the most mournful tei ms. That Govern-
ment print calls the journey an "extravagant" one, and adds
that all Madrid has learned, with " sorrowful surprise," the
postponement of her MAJESTY'S return to the capital.
It is reported that all the ➢linisters will assemble at Sara-
gossa on the 24th.
The Femento of Barcelona, of the 18th, states a steamer
to have been dispatched to Valencia, in order to bring back
some of the QUEEN'S equipages, which had already been
sent thither.

A private letter says, " That on learning that it would be
difficult to establish in some places the new system of taxa-
tion, without giving rise to serious disturbances, the Minister
of Finances has deemed it prudent to instruct the loten-
dientes to content themselves with the old system wherever
the new may encounter opposition. The utmost moderation
is recommended to all the agents of the Treasury."
Another letter states that NARVAEZ has expressed his de
termination to resign rather than allow the QUEEN to pro-
ceed into the Basque provinces from Saragossa.
The Esperanza states that the Marquis DE VILLumA and
the Baron DE MEER had been sent for by the QUEEN, but the
statement was not genetally credited.

We have received the French papers of Thursday. Their
contents are not of much importance. The Moniteur pub-
lishes official accounts of various successful expeditions in
Algeria, and the other papers comment on the effect likely to
be produced by the reappearance of ABD-EL. KADER. The
Duke and Duchess DE NEMOURS left Paris on Thursday for
the south of France. According to their detailed itineraire.
published in the Globe, they are to arrive at Bordeaux on the
sth of August, and to make an excursion to Spain. The
Presse says that it is at Bilbao that their Royal Highnesses
are to have an interview with the QUEE-N and Royal Family
of Spain. Count BRESSON, the French Ambassador at the
Spanish Court, is to repair to Bilbao on the occasion. Don
CARLOS and his consort left Lyons on the morning of Wed-
nesday before last, by the steam-boat fur Avignon, whence
they were to proceed to the Greoulx waters.
The Augsburg Gazette states that there will be a complete
diplomatic Congress on the occasion of the meeting between
the Queen of ENGLAND and the King of PRUSSIA, on the
Rhine, as France, Russia, and Austria will send representa-
tives there.

According to the French papers considerable alarm is felt
at Rome, in consequence of the precarious state of health ni
the POPE, who is suffering from a cancer in his nose
MAURO-CAPELLI GREGORY XVI., appointed Cardinal in
1825, was raised to the apostolic chair on February 2, 1831.
He was born in 1765, and is consequently now nearly 80
years of age.
A letter from Trieste of the 14th instant, published in
these journal,,, says:—
_

" The insurrection of the Montenegrians and the mountaineers
of Jakova (Albania) still continues. The latter, to the number of
8,000, conveyed their wives, children, and socks into the valley of
the Bellaja, wtnch is surrounded by inaccessible mountains, and
then divided themselves into bands in order to attack the Seraskier.
without coming to a geLeral engagement. the Turkish com-
mander has, it is said, met with such a vigorous resistance that he
has sent for a reinforcement of 3,000 men from the Pacha of Scu.
taxi. Advices from Ragusa state that a Turkish squadron, corn.
posed of a frigate, a schooner, five brigs, and several transports, had
anchored in the port of Durazzo (Albania) on the 25th June. The
appearance of this force has given rise to various conjectures. Ac-
cording to some it is destined to assist the Seraskier, while others
state that it is intended to embark Albanian troops fcr Syria and
Tripoli in Barbary. Letters from Agran (Croatia) state that Aus-
trian troops had been ordered to march towards the Turkish fron.
tier, where some disturbances had taken place, and an irruption
made on the Austrian territory."

The Three per Cents. closed at 83f. 50c. ; the New Loan
at 83f. 90c.; the Five per Cents. at 121 f. 80e. ; Orleans
Railroad Shares, 1,200 f. ; Rouen, 1,050 f.; Vierzon, 755 f.
Havre, 870i'. ; Avignon, 995 f. ; Basle, 270 f. 75e.
The following are the quotation* for the new lines :-
Orleans and Bordeaux, 185 f. prem.; Boulogne, 122 f. 50e.
ditto ; Troyes and Montereau, 15f. ; Paris and Lyon,
(Latlitte), 31f. 25c.; ditto (Calon), par ; ditto (Ganneron), 61.
50c. ; Northern Line (Laffitte), 451.; ditto (Itosainel)
1 lf. ; Tours and Nantes (Mackenzie), 12f. 50c. ; ditti,
(Drouillard), par; ditto (O'Neill), 3f. 50c. ; ditto (Jacques
Lefevre), par ; Lyons and Avignon (Leceinte), 121. 50c.1
ditto (Talabot), 31f. 25c. ; ditto (Compagnie Aleridionale).
51.; Bordeaux and Toulouse (Mackenzie), par; ditto any!
Cette (Espeleta), 6f. ; Creil and St. Quentin, par ; Puri,
and Strasbourg (Ganneron),lol.; Dijon and Alulbouse, par ;
Dieppe, 21f. 50c.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
gem The Sive of Saturday Evening.)
The Cotton market at Liverpool yesteiday was firm again.
Shares were quiet. and prices tending downwards.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCIIANGE, JULY 25.—The sales are
—Blackburn, Burnley, and Accrington, 1034 ; Blackburn,
Clitheroe, and North Western Junction, 2% 3% prem. ;
Blackburn, Darwen, and Bolton, 5% A ; Bolton, Wigan, and
Liverpool, 28 25 ; Cambridge and Lincoln, 31/2 ; Churnet
Valley, 5%; Clitheroe Junction, 434 %; Derby and Crewe,
234 3 ; Direct Northern, 24 ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 801%2 ;
Fleetwood, Preston, and West Riding Junction, 24 2; Glas-
gow and Dumfries, 11s ; Goole, Doncaster, Sheffield, and
Manchester, 14 ; Grand Union, 2 1 15-16; Great Grimsby
and Sheffield Junction, 44 ; Huddersfield and Manchester
Railway and Canal, 121/.x 1/4 ; Huddersfield and Sheffield
Junction, 8%; Leeds and Thirsk, %; Leeds, Dewsbury,
and Manchester, 23 26 ; Leeds and West Riding Junction,
%; Leicester and Bedford, 41/2 %; Leicester and Bir-
mingham, 425. 6d. 435. ; Liverpool, Ormskirk, and Preston,
4%; London and Worcester, Oxford and Rugby, 14 3.16 ;
London and York, 634 %; Lynn and Dereham, 2%; Man-
chester, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 7 6% ; Manchester
and Birmingham, 62%; Ditto, Quarter Shares, 10; Ditto,
New Quarters, 7%; Manchester and Birmingham Continua-
tion and Welsh Junction, 2% 4 ; Newcastle, Durham, and
Lancashire, 12s. 15s. prem. ; North Staffordshire, 5 ; North
Wales, 2% ; North Western, 54 1/ ; Nottingham and Mans-
field, 1%; Nottingham, Erewash, Ambergate, and 'Man-
chester, 4 33/4 ; Oxtbrd, Worcester, and Wolverhampton,
91% 9 ; Preston and Wyre, 32 ; Ditto, 5 per cent. guaranteed,
3234 ; Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction, 2% 5-16; Shef-
field and Manchester, 7 prem. ; Shrewsbury and Hereford-
shire, 1% ; Shrewsbury and Trent Valley Union, 234 3 ;
South-Eastern and Dover, No. 3, 84 ; South Midland, 3X3 ;
Southport and Euxton, 2%; Trent Valley Ccntiuuation and
Holyhead Junction, 2 ; Wakefield, Pontefract, and Goole,
2414 3/4 ; West Lancashire and Coast Line, 43% prem. ;
West Yorkshire, 7%; Worcester, Shrewsbury, and Crewe
Union, 2% 3/4 ; York and Carlisle, 4; Dutch Rhenish, 9%;
Paris and Lyons, English, 34.
There was not any general arrivals of importance in the
City to-day, but we have been informed that by a private
,hip later accounts have come to hand from New Zealand. to
the eGct that Captain Fitzroy had succeeded in tranquilliz-
ing the colony by a treaty with the natives. It will be a
source of gratification to find this statement contirmed.
The returns of the Bank of England fur the past week show
the following results :
A decrease in the circulation of 288,261/.
An increase in the Rest of 16,260/.
A decrease in the Public Deposits of 62,156/.
And a decrease in the General Banking Department of
1,017.022/.
The stock of bullion is now 15,679,32/. By the last return
it wa- 16,196,2861.—Decrease, 316,954/.
The Funds have been very steady to- day. Consols for the
Iccuunt have been done only at 93i/, and tbr Money at 99%
-rod at 98%. Exchequer-bills are at 545. to 565. premium.
fire value of Bank Stock is well maintained.
In the Foreign unds the dealings have been very limited.
Not a single transaction has been done in Spanish Bonds to-
lay. The other prices are almost nominally the same as
yesterday.
The Share Market has a firm appearance this morning,
with a considerable amount of business doing.
ONE CLOSING
PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES
:Sank Stock ...... 0111/._, 211%
t per Cent. Reduced
3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 99% 98% 98%
few 314 per Cents 102%1/2 102%
Ditto, 5 per Cent 126 126
4outh Sea Stock
Consols for Account ....... 99% 99%
xchequer Bills, 1,000/., 1%d.... 54 56 pm. 56
Ditto 5001. .
Ditto Small ... 56 58 pm. 58
ONE CLOSING
O'CLOCK. PRICES.

'RICES OF FOREIGN FONDS
Brazilian Bonds
Colombian Bonds, ex Venezuela. 173/4
Chili= Bonds 6 per Cent..., . ...... 103 103
Peruvian Bonds, 6 per Cents 3Bl/2 381/2
Russian Bonds
Belgian 41/2 per Cent. ...... 101 161
'Dutch, 21/2 per Cent
- ,2
Ditto, 4 per Cent., Certific 993/4% 99%
PRICES OF CLOSING
PAID. A ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES.
i A.ILWAY SHARES
..rinagli, Coleraine, and
Portrush l% li 1
irming. and Gloucesterloo
Birmingham and Ox-
ford Junction

._....
aledoman
Ditto Extension
C onbridge and Lincoln 1%...... 3 2% 3% 2%
liester and Holyhead... 15
Cheltenham and Oxford 2
;bichester and Brighton 20
~;oventry and Leicester 114 2
orect Northern
Dublin and BelfastJunc. 21,4 9 8%
,)üblin and Galway 91/2 2IA IAI.
:Istern Counties l4/. 165...... 203;1 2118
Ditto New 4/. 16s.

41/2
105/8
25/8
213 A
3%
29

1744
BrYti
2
211/s
71/s P

24
;3
.... 21.

stern Union
Ditto Extension . ... 11,4 2IA ..
~dinburgh and Glasgow 50
:ly and Bedford
Great South. and West.
(Ireland)
Ditto Extension
'great Munster 2l/0 ......
_l%

21%
12%
lys
219
•.••• 1191/2
48
2178
11/4
107
211/4
551/2
243
34
114
80
274
i7B
2414
80

~reat Western Bo' 22l' -
Ditto 1/2 Shares 50 ....
Ditto, Fifths
;uildford, Fare'm, Ports 2l/2
larwich
thin and Selby
Do. Half Shares

`,•,ricaster and Carlis1e... 25
Leicester and 13edfard... 225.
ondoil and Birminghtn (Stock) —
Do. 14 Shares
Aindon and Blackwall. 161. 13s. 4d. 10%1/ % 11 IA
. °Eldon and Brighton... 50
Aindon and Croydon, 131. 15s. 9d 261/214 27

,
Do. New l3s 4d °'/-4 Y p, •
,ondon and Greenwich 1211554 d...
Ditto, Preference lBl% 243A
Lond. & S. Western 411 6; lid 79 80 ..........

6%
4%

Do. New
.ondon and York 2l/2 . 7 61/....
Londonderry&Coleraine 21,:,......
Londonderry and Ennis-
killen 2l/j 314
.ynn and Ely

, .
Lynn and Dereham l).,i 2%
•ancliester and Leeds... 76
Do. Quarters
Manche:ter and Birmin. 40
Do. New Quarters ... 2
Manchester, Buxton, and
Matlock 22s.
A dland... 100 lB6 187 182
Do. New
Midland,Birm., Derby...loo 143 145 140/2
Ne w cast 1 e and Darling-
ton Junction... .. 25 .....„
Do. New Brandling... 10
Newcastle and Berwick 1% 2O 21
Newark and SLeffield .. 11/2 2l,‘ 3 ..... .......
North British
Do. New
North Staffordshire 225....... 3.74 p
Nottingm., Erewsh. Val-
ley, and Manchester
Oxford and Wnrcestcr... 2% 7% 8 7.%
r erth and Inverness ... 2%
Portsmouth Direct 216 6l/2 6
Preston and Wyre
Richmondand West End
Junction
Rugby, Worstr, & 'fring 1
Scottish Central
-cottish Midland 11%...... 2%
Shrews., Wolverhamp.,
Dudley, and Birm
Shrewsbury and Trent
Valley Union
South Devon 2O
South Midland 22s. - • • • •
•Aouth Eastern & Dover 33/ 2s 4d 4614
Do., No. 3
... •••• .....
South Wales 2l/i 5%14, 6
Trent Valley and Holy-
head Junction
Waterford and Kilkenny I ...... 2%
Welch Midland
York and Carlisle 2% 3% _
fork and North Midland 50
Ditto Scarboro' Branch. 25
Do. Extension
FOREIGN RAILWAY
Boulogne and Amiens... 6
Dendre Valley
East Indian ... ..... .... ss.
tireat North. of France
(Laffitte's)
Do. do. (Rosamel's) 2 ......
Jamaica Juncti0n......... 11,4 —
Do. South Midlnd. June. 1
Lyons and Avignon
Orleans and Vierzon ... 6 ......
Orleans and Bordeaax... 4
Over Yssel- 413 s 4d 1 1414 % I) ••••
Faris & Lyons, Laflitte's 2
Paris ard Lyons, Gan-
neron's,
i'aris and Strasbourg
(Ganneron's)
Sambre and Meuse ..... 4
West Flanders 2

31%
614
214
1791;
28

184
28
141%

314
73/i
21%
61/
321/2

5
1
63%
214

107X3
21/s
054,4

We understand that no successor to Capt. Boldero
has yet been appointed. Captain Sir Thomas Hastings cer-
' ainly succeeds AIL Bonham as storekeeper of the Ordnance..—
Observer.

CONCERT Room MANNERS.—Madarne Dorus Gras
is warbling one of those exquisite arias from Aleyerbeer's
Robert le Diable, in the execution of which we thought
she was unrivalled, until we heard the more voluminous
voice of the gifted Laborde in the same thrilling passages ;
now sour friend, although not a very frequent visitor of the
concert room, nor remarkable for the accuracy of his judg-
ment in musical matters, is riot backward a, giving his opinion;
when the niece is concluded, therefore, he waits till the ap-
plause is over, and all bring quiet, he remarks to you, in a
loud self-satisfied tone, that it was very well sung, but that
for his own part he preferred Staudigl's rendering of that com-
position ! A half-suppressed titter is heard around you, and
again you become conscious of the eyes of your neighbours.
You look about to see if there is any possibility of escape--but
the company have closed you completely ir., and you resign
yourself to your tormentor with the patience of a martyr.
Presently, during the performance of a vocal quartet, your
friend in the coloured gloves turns round to you with the
inquiry, 44 Who are these? Are they the Distin
family ?" What is the use of a programme to such an " uncom-
fortable
man !" he makes you at once his programme and his
scapegoat, and instead of enjoying a pleasant evening, you are
sensible that your friend is making himself look very much
like a fool, and that you, his ♦ictim, are perhaps by this time
beginning to obtain a small portion of pity from the half-
amused half-disgusted persona by whom you are surrounded.--
Dramatic and Musical Review.
At the Marylebone Police-office, Major Richard-
son was held to bail in 5001., with two sureties in 250/. each, to
keep the peace towards Mr. Collett, M.P. for Athlone. It ap-
peared that a dispute, relative to a policy of insurance, had led to
an angry correspondence between the parties, in the course of
which Mr. Collett had received a letter from the Major, which he
considered as calculated to lead to a breach of the peace.
SUICIDE BY A SOLIGITOR.— Fli'lny an inquest
was held at Upper Norwood, on the body of Edward Mantle, aged
thirty-five, solicitor (place of business in Gracechurch-street), who
committed suicide on Tuesday afternoon in his own bed.room, at
Norwood. . It was proved that the deceased was subject to nen ous
excitement of the brain, and the jury returned a verdict that he
had taken his own life, having been at the time in a state of tem-
porary insanity.