The Sun.
London, England, 1828-10-13 00:00:00

(FROM THE SIORNING CHRONICLE.)

The Liverpool Mercury, of Friday last, has the
following statement :
" We have just conversed with a very intelligent and
experienced gentleman, who has recently returned from
France, and who fully confirms what we previously suspect-
ed, both from the tone of the foreign Journals and the proba-
bility of the existence of such sentiments. Nothing he as-
sures
us, is more dreaded in France, than the possibility that
the British Government will concede Catholic Emancipa-
tion; and the late symptoms of approaching conciliation
are viewed by them with apprehension exactly proportion-
ate to the advantages which we should derive from the cor-
dial cooperation of millions of British subjects, who are
now disaffected, and who would, indeed, lack gall to
make oppression bitter,' were they not rebels at heart.'
We have before us a most extraordinary work, lately pub-
lished in Paris; and, what is as singular as it is signifi-
cant, printed in English, for the purpose, most probably,
of being circulated in England and Ireland. No British
publisher, we presume, would venture to reprint it in this
country; nor is it our intention to say snore of its nature
and tendency, at present, than that it treats of the very tick-
lish point of Irish independence, assuming, naturally
enough, a disposition for separation on the part of the
Irish. We hope Mr. Peel and his fellow-Ministers will
procure a copy of this work, which may serve to enlighten
the mental darkness in which, unhappily for Great Britain,
they have been so long enveloped. The arguments of rea-
son and justice have long been tried upon them to no pur-
pose ; that the argument of fear may be more efficacious,
we have a right to presume, from the fact that no boon, as
it is called, was ever obtained by Ireland, except when
some danger menaced England."
Perhaps the work alluded to by our Liverpool
contemporary is the publication of Colonel Roche •
Fernley; of which some account was given in the
letter from Paris in the Chronicle of Saturday last.
t'Whvee
Ihrai
sviel
Cmaotrheotllitcasn odreicen
oetx pressed
is
,s,cedsetibi
te
(oat; thatl,e
idea of separating themselves from Englandi B d
how long they may be of this wind '
theep ean
on the course pursued by Government
.h'n
ands that
the crisis. It is admitted on
icy
We must advance or
can no longer be pursued.
hi of for effecting a separation.
the practicability of
to
iiedeeonmillt'qoilitia could be organized, adieu
nt
retrograde, the Catholics would . only
re
c epdeer.i o dI hf,a
us
nnfoLvt
un arrivedateiy, wohiEffeersGagt
oflttaavaevntmodreuip.,
riocia\liovbei
eshgNeovalpnev
joie.teli
e
nc-
fttlrtofior meao
itllcvl
eoeouipati
erdcse sboaetfenhr
ltoeam..l
judgee
attne ds
t t byh
of
itot
seen the publication of Colonel I;'ermoy, and there-
' fore
his recommendations. But allowing that he over-
' estimates the ease with which the separation can be
. effected, and allowing also, for the sake of argument,
are unable to
that England could always crush the Catholics, the
persuasion that we are vulnerable in that quarter
I must be of the utmost prejudice to Its in our foreign
f relations. The Prince de I _ague says he never knew
a coward die a natural death, for the persuasion of

his passiveness leads every one to take liberties with
him, and, in the end, he is forced to turn on his as-
sailants. It is not our opinion that England is
unable to take the field against any Power in Eu-
rope ; but if it be generally believed on the Con-
tinent that we are not able, this very circumstance
must lead Foreign Governments to- venture on liber-
ties with ours which cannot be passed over. There
can be no 'question, therefore, that the persnasion of
our inability to make war must greatly increase the
chances of our being forced into a. :war: Now,
circumstanced as this country is, with a debt
which presses with an almost insupportable weight
°n us, a war may be necessary, but- can never.
be welcome. Taxation has- -its limits ; conse.
-d-debts-cannot be augmented ad iqfini-
-1 um. But this ought always tO be borne in mind,
that the people of this country will • never suffer the
Nationaland all other
Creditor
the
-tp.orobpeerty sufferer
will,erer andf tliiat
beoiTt
to- suffer as much: as. the;Annitities., The Aristo-
cracy must n?t. flatter • themselVes that, in case of
u
land
exigency, their estates shall not be taken into ac-
cotint. These considerations, no doubt, force then-s.
selves on Ministers, as they must do on all men ca-
pable of the least reflection. But the curse of This
country is, that we have a Mob G„veriinitit. The
House of Lords rules the State,-and the opinions of
the House of Lords must necessarily be the opinions
on which Ministers act. When we consider the
composition of that House, we we are not
with-
out apprehension lest the time for advantageous ar-
rangement be suffered to pass by. . The Members of
the House of Commons will often be among the be.t
of their order, and possess some qualities calculated
to conciliate the favour of the electors ; but a betedi-
tary assembly includes the proportion of imbeciles tot
dotards, which will always. be found iu any given
number of men, and the circumstance in which this
particular assembly is placed tend strangely, to Oak•
those to whom nature has given, a fair share. of brains
in an inability to use them. It is well observed by
a contemporary (the Examiner), that " ignorance
and vulgar prejudices are to be found in all orders, and
too frequently in the very highest, where the exereise
of.the understanding is almost or quite as rare a,; iu
-the- lowest, for the Noble whose ease excludes the
stimulus to the mind is pretty nearly in a parallel in
intellectual sloth to,tbe potter of Scripture, who
bendeth his mind down to his work,' or to the
husbandman whose talk is of bullocks,' and who
lacks .the wisdom coming of opportunities of
leisure'. . . :The House of Lords, therefore,
we should be disposed to describe as one of the
vulgarest assemblies in the land, not vulgar in its
clothes,-its equipages, its manners, Ste., but
,vulgar in
that which is of. main relation to its business, namely,
its understanding. At an ale-house penny-club
the members will be worse. dressed, they wilt
sit • in a mean -chamber, and smoke and spit,
and perhaps,. if --the-. Sunday .Schoolmaster has
failed in his- duty,- -display as much ignorance
and- prejudice Lords. The grain of the men's
minds is essentially -the same; and the rest are
but lacquered over with the,.world's- advantages."
We had written thus. far whea we received the
Paris Papers --of Friday, in cite- of which, the
Courier Francais,* there -is. an article en a project
said to be-now -entertaitted French .Ministers
for making, the titleof certain -Tigers descend to col-
lateral relations,,the Peerage at present going only
to direct descendants., The French Journalist ob-
serves, " Ministers ought. to consider4hat the mak-
ing the Peerage hereditary has rdreadydepristed the
Crown of much influence,: It only through the
vacancies of seats that it can regain . that influence,
by communicating this great favour to the new fa-
milies, which time and. circumstances bring on the
stage of the world. The Peerage itself is
interested in:it ; for . it must. not be dissembled that
the making the Peerage hereditary peoples
Chamber- of Peers. with mediocrities. How many
-celebrated men.have died since 111.14. Compare the
sons with the fathers, and judge , ,It is
of importance, then, in otder to keep up the consi-
deration of the Aristocratic Chamber, to keep it on
a level with the -Elective Chamber, and put it in
a condition to participate in the making of
laws, to introduce into it from time' to time
men who are the-sons of their works. - But if col-
laterals without name, without talents, without ser-
vice, and without patronage, take possession of the
vacant seats' of the Peerage, and give us a substitu-
tion'of nullities to other nullities, how will the He-
reditary Chamber be able, in twenty or thirty years,
to compete in eclat •and--force with- the Elective
Chamber?" If with- the moderate foitnnes of the
french Peers, and their superior industry as
from that circumstance, it he, notwithstanding, found
that in the interval which has elapsed sinee I 14
dullness and imbecility have made great way in the
Chamber, what must the amount of stupidity and
imbecility be in a certain other Assembly ! With
all the pains taken to conceal the nakedness of the
land, by the creation of able Commoners, who, with
one or two exceptions-, monopolise the debates, still
our Hereditary House forms a strange- spectacle.
But this body, so fesrfidly and wonderfully made,
rules our destinies. IVell it is for. us -that we are
protected by oar insular situation, and can afford to
commit greater blunders than any other State.

(FRO)I Tlls MORNING vosr.)
While the enemies of England, both at home and
abroad, are using every, endeavour to under-rate her
character, and exhibit what 'they are pleased to call
her weakness, we . have the more grateful duty of
directing 'attention to the state of the Revenue,
which we.had the - happiness of exhibiting in our
paper of Saturday. This it is that interests the
public—this it is which can best answer. the slander-
ous calumnies of the discontented or disloyal—thi,
it is which proves to the Powers of Europe whether
the pacific policy of the Duke of Wellington lia-:
been caused by tiny other motive, or influenced 1w
any other means, than a.sinceee desire of reserviw
the general happiness and. repose of Erlri>pe. The
factious in England and out of Evigli.nd affect to
lament that the spirit of intermeddline• no longer
exist which
di-
rects our policy ; but when they talk so much of
interference,
debt and taxes, do they forget that it was in t
it spirit
con-
sequence of yielding too much
otuor
that debt and taxes have
that it no longer exerts its dangerous influence ; and
to be provided for the evil day
iy wrested from it. A
we sincerely hope it
surprise when it is fitting
shaeybaittfisli banished dhfirgohm timeo tr
liCl
ale:Ilia:I:cc iisl,sesoll;.'ep‘levgeallisinlilisitiCiPsaeiliiceirtidl);tisi•teljooldt‘i'clo'd'el
on our armour. England
tbnuiitlaittioisu conjuncturen‘o%. :In cft :al
for us.
satirisii so. etw:l:aeje precipitatees si may 111:
one
orti
io
—to
oilaultidouoruernre:sgc:eus.os"lii..ll"astite
of
peace,
that
otherw
that
e .m
,:avye o
nt
shouldtor. t p ob e i , i et
a.)
bri.,
I'
taken
k bley
needs not to assume the character of a bully or a
braggart; neither is she to rush blindly into a IN ii
mi
Ityt the
bid defiance
to'please the factious, whose daily labour it is to
uteleoWheLd i7,°NiNie•eY
war, and while our revenue continues in as flourishing;
aeocnotnemdintioanndastrwade
to treason, treachery, and falsehood. Our na-
tional in
come is proved by the last returns to refit
upon the most solid and durable 'foundations ;
neither foreign rivalry not jealousy have at all:at-
fected it, and the blustering Anierican tariff has
fallen without injury upon the solid bulwarks of Bri-
tish finance. It must be truly gratifying, in the
present state of Europe, to know, that our resources
are so extensive ; and the next source of gratifica-
tion is, that we haVe not a -Quixotic Government,
hnnting after unnecessary and wanton Projects, or
amusing the world with threats of letting loose the
" furies" of every state to prophane the altar and
upset the throne. That such nonsense could have
been uttered by a Statesman is remarkable; but
that it could have found advocates and admirers i,
beyond the limit of common sense to believe. The
fashion of that day, however, is now fast falling into
desuetude; a better taste is daily gaining ground,
and we indulge the hope that its progress will be
rapid and decisive. We eau gain nothing by war—
we are almost overloaded with colonies—our (-J.,.
blishments are neceviurilY pressing on the national

industry; and again, we repeat, that sound policy
demands of us not to fritter away our strength, but
to reserve it till its exertion becomes matter of ne-
cessity.

(FROM THE MORNING HERALD.

We gave, in Saturday's Morning Herald, the
usual Quarterly Account of the Revenue of Great
Britain, and we were very sorry to observe that, in
every item except that of the excise, there had been
a falling off, compared with the same quarter for
1827. The falling off amounted to 449,000/.; but
the increase in the Excise being 566,0001., and one
being deducted from the other, leaves an increase of
1 17,000/. We also gave the usual annual state-
ment, by which our readers would see that, in three
ankles the increase was 1,000,000/., and in the
other three articles, the decrease was 214,0001.; the
one being deducted from the other leaves an in-
crease for the year of 786,000/. The statement we
gave did not include the Irish Revenue; in which
we should think, when it comes to be produced,
there is an increase; for we have observed that, for
many years past, there has been an increase of the
Irish Revenue, notwithstanding the increasing
misery, aecording to the Catholic speakers, at the
Catholic Clubs of Ireland. Question, whether Ire-
land ought not to bear a much greater proportion of
the revenue than she at present does ? While
England, Scotland and \Vales are taxed 50,000,000/.
a year, Ireland is taxed only 5,000,000/. Those
who write respecting population tell us that Eng-
land, Scotland, and Wales contain 12,000,000/. of
people, and Mr. O'Connell says that of Catholics
alone, in Ireland, there are 7,000,000. Now, if we
take the Protestants at 1,000,000, there is for Ire-
land a population of 8,000,000, which pays
5,000,000/. only of taxes; whereas England, Scot-
land, and Wales, containing a population of
12,000,000, are taxed 50,000,000/. Have not the
Ministry of England been in error taxing Ireland so
trivially ?

(PROM THE MORNING ADVERTISER.)

Not a day passes but the Cabinet to whose pa-
triotism and talents the honour of this country is
entrusted, receives a blow for the sinister un-English
policy which it has thought proper to pursue. In
this country, its system of blockades has become
the subject of universal merriment and derision—
abroad they are viewed as indications of weakness
and folly ; and in the following notification by the
French Minister of Trade of the intention of Russia
to blockade the Dardanelles, we read one of those
rebukes to the humiliating haste which the Foreign
Secretary has betrayed for posting such matters,
which ought to be a lesson to him never to he guilty
again of similar indiscretions :
" Gentlemen (says the French MiniAter, addressing-
himself to the Chambers of Foreign Trade), the ring's
Government has been informed that it is the intention of
the Russian Government to establish a blockade of the Dar-
danelles, with the view of intercepting such provisions and
munitions of war as may be destined for Constantinople._..
As soon as I am informed that an effective blockade has
been established, I shall not fail to make you acquainted
with the fact. This communication is only one which the
principles adopted by France respecting blockades enable
me to make to you at the present moment.
(Signed) "ST. CRICQ."
The Government of France, we are willing to allow,
has always pursued a different system respecting
blockade'', from that which has been adopted by this
country, and which its naval power only has enabled
it to maintain against the united efforts of Europe
and America ; but what a difference there is between
the notification of the French Minister of Trade of
the blockade of the Dardanelles, and the precipitate
haste of the English Ministry respecting those of
Oporto and Madeira! Before Miguel's vessels had
sailed either for Oporto or Funchal—even, in fact,
before they had been manned and provisioned---the
Earl of Aberdeen had notified their blockade : the

French Minister, more observant of the honour and
interests of his country, notifies the intention to
blockade, but refuses any recognition until he has
been satisfactorily informed that an effective blockade
has been established.

(FROM THE MORTM4G 3OURNAL alias NEW TiMF.S.)
The Morning Post and the Morning Herald-

the one the oracle of the milliners, and the other the
favourite of the pot-houses—are now recognised at
the only ministerial morning papers ; at least we in-
fer as much from the fact, that on Saturday they
were enabled, by the patronage of the clerks of the
Treasury, to publish exclusively the quarterly returns
of the revenue. We therefore wish both parties joy
—the journalists on their elevation, and the Govern-
ment on their taste. The manner in which our
• finance accounts are kept is discreditable to a na-
rian which is conversant with mercantile affairs ; it
is a system of deception the most gross and the most
disgraceful that can well be imagined. Nothing
could be more easy than to simplify these accounts
in such a manner that an ordinary reader would be
able to comprehend what is revenue and what is
debt—what is the produce of the taxes, and what is
a loan from the Bank—what is paid to the Sinking
Fund out of the revenue, and what out of Excite-
filler Bills, which bear a higher interest than the debt
they redeem. In fact, nothing could be more
eay than to represent, by plain and intelligible
tabie's, whether we are in a state of insolvency
or in a state of prosperity—whether our expendi-
ture exceeds our revenue, or our revenue our expen-
diture. But this would be a display of candour which
would not suit the times. It would be an alarming
inroad on the art of mystification if the public
generally were to be permitted to understand the
public accounts—if the jugglery were unveiled—if
the people who pay the taxes were to understand,
unassisted by the budget, whether they pay enough,
or are likely to be called upon to pay more. This
would be a most dangerous innovation; and there-
fore the accountants of the Treasury, seeing that
they are in the receipt of liberal salaries, have
hftherto been most strenuous and successful in re-
sisting it. They have heretofore been enabled to
keep its 71105 r, pleasingly and profoundly in the dark;
put IbEth just what
.
they please, and in what
shape they picaee, and his Majesty's honest and con-
fiding subjectF; ought of course
to - be grateful.
But come we now to the accounts of the quar-
ter just ended. We are informed by those who
are not bound to know mow than they are
told, or who do not ehoose to
with
draweolTileh
conclu-
sions except from the miserable details
they are favoured, that our revenue is Provivng
sense.
that our hopes are brightening—and
that,
cluently, the country is in a state
f growing and
gratifying prosperity. To judge of the prosperity
of a people by the amount of the produce of its
taxes, we must proportionate the amount with the
increase of population. If we corild shots' that as
large a revenue is derived, in 1828, from eighteen
millions of inhabitants, as was derived from seven-
teen millions and a half in 1825, this would not be
any proof of increasing means or increasing corn'
forts among the people. If we could show that
the l'^—eresse in revenue is equivalent to the incresze
of population, the inference would be more favour-
able; bnt if, on the other hand, we could show
that the revenue has diminished as the population
has increased---always bearing in mind that the
gate of impost and assessment is the same—then we
would be bound to conclude, however painful the
confession might be, that we are rather in a state
of &cline than of improvement. But let the facts
speak 'for themselves. we here give the gross
following years, ending
amount tbe revenue for the
on the 10th of October each year
Yearg IS2S. 1525.
1527.
',Coral Rev £49,7132,186---46,'";,".67-46.832,681-47;616,101
The following are the quarterly accounts, ending
at the same period, namely', the 10th Oct. in eavh

year :
Quavers..... 1325, 18i6 1527, 19?9.
Total Quar.l X 13,180 Cl2--.12 a1e,502---12,902,379--1a,e19,9a5
terty tiev. '
Let these results be calmly and fairly considered;
let it be borne in mind what we were and what we
Nre; let it he borne in mind that we were assured
by the Finance Minister of 1525 that a reduction in
cur scale of duties and in our rate of excie would
benefit the revenue and the people at the Fsrue time;
la it be remembered that these reductions were
f 9; F 9 9010 9bigct than te increase the gre•F'l

amount of our income; let it. be remembered that
our expenditure has been increasing while our re-
venue has been diminishing ; that our expenditure
has been increasing every hour since 1825--let all
this be recollected ; and, then, let any impartial man
pronounce whether the state of our finances at this mo-
ment be or be not a source of gratification. In the
year ending October 1825, the produce of the reve-
nna was 49,763,7861., in 1628, it was 47,619,101/.,
exhibiting a decrease of 2,144,6851. ,In the October
quarter of 1825, the quarter's revenue was
13,186;64;24; in that of 1828, it was 13,019,91754;
showing a decrease of 166,7074—which, in our
humble apprehension, is rather an equivocal symptom
of prosperity. This may indeed be a prosperity of
Lord Goderich, but we are sorry to think it should
be the prosperity of the Duke of Wellington. But
as the increase and decrease in the produce of the
customs and excise are the best criterion of the eon•
dition of the people, we shall exhibit these for the
same years, ending in October

1825. 1827. 1828.
•
Customs £14,30(1,151 £15,436,127 £16,403,142 £16,358,170
ci se

Total £335,926,866 33,25.9,951 33,6 13,690 !t I,t• 64, I 8

Decrease (2,666,912 2,313,176 ),662,715
Here, upon these two articles alone, notwithstand-
fig the increase of population—the increased exports
of cotton yarn—the increasing prosperity of all
classes—the flourishing state of the silk trade--and
all the other• proofs of improvement—here, upon
these two articles alone, is a manifest decrease of
1,662,718/. We are, however, told, that the ac-
counts ought to be viewed in a more favourable
light, especially as, during last October quarter,
657,133/, was received in the shape of duties on
foreign corn, and only 90,0001. in the present quar-
ter. The Minister who can take advantage of this
qualification ought to be immediately dismissed from
office; it either manifests a total ignorance of finance,
or it is a proof of unblushing and official assurance.—
If he had not received this 657,132/. last year, would
he not have been
•just so much more deficient—
would he not have had that sum to make up in some
other way--and would those who, upon the profits
of this corn speculation, were enabled to indulge in
more luxuries, not hare consumed less, and of course
have diminished the gross amount of the produce of
excise ? But that Mr. Goulburn should take credit
for the errors of his predecessors is unpardonable.
The corn duties of last year were obtained under
representations which were little less than fraudu-
lent. The farmer was robbed to benefit the manu-
facturer; and yet Mr. Goulburn almost regrets that
he has not a similar sum to swell the account of the
present year---an account which has been bolstered
up by the most severe exactions—by selling
stamps by retail at a discount, by encouraging
gambling with cards, by suing every poor debtor
for arrears which he must starve his family to
make up, and by keeping the doors of the Treasury
open on the day of return, like an oyster•shop in
Drury-lane, to the latest possible hour. These are
paltry practices, unworthy of an English Minister,
and sure symptoms of waning means and desperate
resources. There is, we admit, a small comparative
increase in the present quarter; but if we take our
expenditure into account and the condition of the
manufacturing classes, it is impossible not to see that,
as a nation, we are in a worse situation now than we
were in the end of 1826 and beginning of 1827.
The soup-kitchens are indeed not yet re-establi;thed,
but to this we must resort again before many months
pass over our heads, as we will probably demonstrate
in our paper to-morrow.

(FROM THE NEWS.)
It is evident from all the accounts we continue to
receive from Ireland, that, unless Government
promptly interpose, the proclamation recently issued
by the Marquis of Anglesea will not only_ be inter-
preted, but acted upon, in one. way only—namely,
against the Catholics. It is in vain to talk of inzpar-
when on the one side we see Placemen,
Pensioners, Governors of Counties, and Justices of
the Peace, arming their dependants and, encouraging
,them in their outrages against their Catholic fellow
'subjects, without the slightest reproof from the
Executive ; whilst the instant a Catholic raises an
arm in self-defence, he is seized and incarcerated for
his pains: Were not the aggressors so directly under
the influence of the Government, the conduct ob-
served towards the two parties would not be so glar-
ingly partial;—hut it is well known that, living as the
major part of them do on the taxes, the slightest hint of
disapprobation from head-quarters would suffice to
stop them in their insulting career. Until this dis-
approbation is made manifest by the dismissal of one
or two of the principal Orange ringleaders, we shall
ever maintain that justice is not dealt with an equal
hand in Ireland.

(TROM THE WNDAY HERALD.)
With regard to the Manchester Tories, nothing
can depict their chop-fallen state at the extraordinary
silence of Mr. Peel. They had invited that gentle-
man to dine with them on Monday last, and made
every arrangement, not only to keep the thing snug,
but to enjoy an ascendancy toast with nine tunes
nine, and deafening cheers. But, alas, what a fate
was theirs! The health of the Right Honourable
Gentleman was drunk, and he returned thanks in
the most gracious arid feeling manner. Protestant
• Ascendancy was given, but he neither cheered or
spoke—" One cheer more " was echoed 'through
the splendid room, but the Right Hon. Gentleman
clung to his seat as if he had been nailed to it ! All
was, now dull and dark—the hearts of the Tories
died within them, and it is confidently asserted,
though we do not 'vouch for the truth of the rein-
don, that some of those who were present at the
dinner, and were disappointed at the silence of the
Home Secretary, have since been " scared with
dreams and visions of the night "—strange fancies
that the Pope was the King of England—the Scar-
let Lady the Queen of these realms, and the Catho-
lic Association of Dublin the Imperial Parliament
of Great Britain and Ireland ! We have not, how-
ever, heard either that Mr. O'Connell has been ap-
pointed First Lord of the Treasury—Shell the leader
of the House of Commons, or Jack Lawless, Secre-
tary for Foreign Affairs; though, from- what is ge-
nerally reported and understood in the political
„circles, there seems to be no doubt that a measure,
havingtte Emancipation of the Catholics for its ob-
ject, will be introduced in the course of the next
Session of Parliament.

r
eve)(FROM THE EXAIISINER.)
The mob of this country, the draff and chaff, the
rubbish of
degree, from prince to peasant, is
we fear, averse to the Catholic cause ; but this mass
is to be acted upon by the superior intelligence.
The head of society, as of the body, is a small
part, but the directing power resides in it. The
bell-wethers guide the flock.sa Nito7nhatan‘dve encourage
the to see more activity on the part of the liberality of
ttbbee ne,:;ltill:ettr.3sr'pitNi‘t'isi,icohthrnerawY sanction
likely to commit
them-
selves to error by the mere solicitation of example
There is in the moral as well as' the physical world
wondrous force in attraction, and individuals will
incline to bodies; hence the Brunswick Clubs are
dangerous; unless a counterpoise is presented. For
having expressed this apprehension, we May be
blamed by those who will describe it as comfortoing,
the enemy ; hut contests, we submit tot the
tthereobi objectors,
ars
is
no
are not decided by delusions and misrepresenta-
tions. It is not by averring daily that
considerable amount of Anti-Catholic feeling in the
rabble of the \country, that we can extinguish that
feeling. We have of late years had examples enough
of their fool's paradises.] During the Spanish Con-
stitutional struggle people was assured that every
thing was going on well, till the very moment of
titteCrttut and destruction. rhe same flattering tale
was told in the case of the attempt in Austrian
Italy. The same again, only a few months ago, in
the instance of Portugal. In spite, however, of the
asseverations of the Press, the Austrians have ruled
tbc'ir -slice of Italy; Ferdinand has established his

despotism ; Miguel has succeeded in his usurpation;
and delusion has served only to exasperate disap-
pointment. SUCh has been the effect, when we
have merely been the spectators of the concerns of
others ; but more disastrous will be the consequence
of encouraging a false confidence in the conduct of
our own contests. The bigots are taking to the
field, and liberality, tinder the conceit that it is a
Sampson, is in its slumbers. Where there is such
activity on the one side, and such inaction on the
other, there should be a far wider disparity of
strength than we believe yet exists in this instance.
With respect to the state of opinion, there is this
remarkable circumstance to be noted, that the youth
of the country is as generally prone to liberal opi-
nions as the aged are.averse from them ; and the
most determined and truculent enemies of the Ca-
tholics are ancient blockheads, who would brain To-
leration with their crutches, Liberal clubs, sane-
tioned and supported as they might he sanctioned
and supported, would soon, even by the force of
contrast, bring the Brunswitkers into contempt.—
But the nucleus is yet wanting. loathing, as we
do, all sorts of cant, and certainly, as much as any,
Jacobin cant, inasmuch as with the pretension of
justice it is perpetually committing injustice,- we
cannot conclude this article without.begging that our
readings of '6 rabbles and mobs of the vulgar" should
not be misunderstood as implying any indiscriminate
disrespect to the members of any -particular class.
Om• argument simply is, that ignorance and vulgar
prejudices are to be found in all orders, and too fre-
quently in the very highest, where the exercise of the
understanding almost or quite as rare as in the
lowest, for the noble, whose ease excludes the sti-
mulus to the mind, is pretty nearly in a parallel in-.
tellectual sloth to the. potter of Scripture, " who
bendeth his mind down to his work ;" or of the
husbandman, " whose talk is of hullecks," and who
lacks the " wisdom coming of opportunities of lei-
sure." As there is, according to our view, a rabble
from St. Giles's to St. James's, so, however, there
is also an aristocracy in-all orders, which we recog-
nize and respect—the aristocracy of the intelligent
and enlightened, a handful of which, acting in con-
cert, should be sufficient to guide the inert mass of
the nation.

(FROU THE ATLAS.)

COMPARATIVE PERIODICAL LITERATURE.-If the
intellectual superiority of a country is indicated by
the number of its public Journals, the United States
of America is the most intellectual country in the
world. For a population of eleven millions and a
half, it provides 840 Journals, being in proportion of
one Journal to every thirteen thousand five hundred
people. England, with a population of upwards of
twenty-three millions, has only 483 Journals, mak-
ing the proportion as one to forty-eight thousand
five hundred. But there are many gradations of
the scale between both. Saxony has fifty-four Jour-
nals, and her population is only one million and a
half, being in a proportion of one to twenty-six thou-
sand. Denmark, with a population of two millions
and a half, publishes eighty Journals, being. one to
thirty-one thousand. The Netherlands, containing
upwards of six millions of inhabitants, has 150 Jour-
nals, being one to forty-one thousand. Pri.:ssia,
whose population is twelve millions and a half, has
288 Journals, producing a proportion of one to forty-
three thousand; and the German confederation, a
population of thirteen millions and a half, issues 305
Journals, being as one to forty-four thOusand five
hundred. As we descend we find Sweden, France,
Switzerland, British America, Hanover, Bavaria.
Portugal, Tuscany, Austria, the States of the Pope,
the Brazils, Russia, Spain, and Africa, all graduat-
ing to a still decreased proportion, until we come to
Asia, which terminates the point of the publishing
declivity. In Asia—hot, happy Asia—where there
is a population of 390 millions of people, we find
the literary periodicals amount to the number of
twenty-seven ! being in a proportion of one Journal
to every 14,414,000 persons! As a little learning is
a dangerous thing, the Asiatieg should burn the
twenty-seven editors, and bury the.types in a desert.,

FROSI TUE .SPRCTAITOR. )

At the close of the new number of the Foreign
Quarterly Review, there is an article, calculated for
attracting popular attention, on the views of .Russia
and the prospects of Turkey. Though written by a
person who is evidently conversant with the ques-
tion, and capable of bringing actual knowledge to
the handling of it, yet it is far too prophetic for us.
It deals in futurity, and disposes of events with an

awful rashness. Political quidnuncs who deal in
prophecy, w ill, in the course of ten .pages,.foretel a
score of catastrophes, These persons seldom take
chronology along with them: granting. that the
events they predict may take place in the course of
time, the period of their happening makes all the
difference. Other things must stand still for these
oracles to turn out true ; before one-tenth of their

predictions have come to pass, other events, that
had never been taken into consideration, step in and
sweep away all the rest. The object of the writer
in the Foreign Quarterly is to frighten us once more
with the bugbear Russia. - The state of affairs in
the East is a natural 'subject of speculation; -and all
who sympathise with the well-being of mankind in
the mass, must take some interest in the result :
whatever, face, however, the die may turn up, w_e
believe that the world will be pretty much where it
was; the real interests of England, at least, we are
very confident, will not be affected either one way
or the other. We wish that able men, who really
possess intelligence, would he content to give it us
nettement ; the broderie of declamation. and predic-
tion is altogether superfluous. In political arguments
it would greatly tend to the prevention of error, if
writers would not personify Russia, Austria, and
France : it is under the idea of these said figures
being never-dying, that 'diplomatists attribute to
them long-cherished schemes of policy, deep de-
signs, principles from which they never depart, and
so forth. The fates of nations fluctuate with the
temper and talents of every fresh minister or acting
ruler : every successive holder of office takes his
own view of the interest of his department; and the
perseverance or the instability with which it is pur-
sued, depends altogether upon personal charac-
ter, personal feelings, personal foibles—a good or
a bad stomach, health or sickness, fine weather, or a
bad day's sport. We pretend not to have been be-
hind the scenes, but we believe it to be a truth, that,
people who really do the business of the vorkilhave
reason to laugh heartily at the deep-laid schemes
and reasonings of newspaper politicians, who, like
the writer we are speaking of, thinks a great deal
when Lord Burleigh shakes his head. The Court
Newsman announces, with all pomposity, that the
Duke of So-and-so this morning transacted business
with Lord So-and-so at the Foreign' Office—what
does this mean ?,k`r Lord Aberdeen, standing with
his back to the- fire, with a coat-lappel over each
arm, between a yawn and a smile, sees his Grace of
Wellington lounge in to tell him—what ? that Mr.
Petre has wou the St. Leger, and that he is going
to dinner. It would he unfair to the work from
which we have taken a text for these remarks, if we
omitted to add that the sth number of the ,'oreign
Quarterly possessed many excellent properties. It
is remarkable for its industry ; within the same.space
we hardly ever saw a greater condensation of labour,
sobriety of tone is (notwithstanding the Russian -ar-
ticle) another of its characteristics : it is impartial,
serious, steady. Of originality of mind we do not
detect much; of play of imagination there is
but little; the collaborateurs of the Foreign
Quarterly are pioneers—this is, better than sharp-
shooting. The best paper beyond comparison in
the present number is an analysis of -the latter To-
"ilea of Laplace's Mecanique Celeste. Copious,
lucid,
and comprehensive, the hand of'a master. is
visible in every sentence; it is not the meagre
abridgment of a man who reduces the sense of his

A shrew(l man of the North,' who soinetimea pries
into affairs, and favours us with his confidential opinions,
has discovered that "transacting business" at the Govern-
ment offices, commonly means neither more nor less than
r. call for the quarter's salary. . A Scotch discovery,

author page by page, but the enlarged view of one
who has long been familiar with the subject, and
sits down to write out of the fulness of knowledge.
A more interesting or important contribution to po-
pularinformation than an intelligible account of the
later discoveries of Laplace, could not easily have
been thought of; and it-is saying everything to state
that the article on the subject in the review before
us, is a fit and worthy supplement to. the paper of
Professor Mayfair in the. Edinburgh Review, on
the earlier volumes of the same work.

MEETING OF GIBRALTAR MERCHANTS.

A meeting of Gibraltar merchants took place on
Saturday last, at the City of London Tavern, for
•the purpose of taking into consideration the most
efficient mode of rendering assistance to those per-
sons who, it . appears, are suffering from ,want at
Gibraltar, in consequence,of the fever at present
raging there.: .
Shortly after two o'clock, W. WARD, Esq. M.P.,
took the chair, and having briny stated the object for
which the meeting was convened, read the following
circular, whiCh had been published at Gibraltar by
the Committee officiating there, for the purpose of
showing the really distressed state of those whom it
was now proposed to relieve.

"At the present crisis, when the inhabitants
and troops of the garrison are afflicted with severe
sickness, and death from hunger threatens a consi-
derable number of families now encamped on the
neutral ground, the Committee instituted by his
Excellency the Lieutenant-GOvernor, to administer
to the crying necessity of the hapless portion of the.
population of Gibraltar, earnestly call on a generous
and humane public to crime forward ith their dona-
tions, and prevent, by their timely aid, the increase
of the disease, by want and the starvation of their
fellow-creatures.'
Mr. &taus said that the nature of the disease at
•, , „
present raging nau been ascertained to be of that pe-
culiar kind that its virulence would not extend be-
yond the walls of the garrison, and that conse-
quently all persons who fled to the neutral ground
would have no danger to apprehend from. its effects,
even if persons infected with the distemper were ad-,
mitted among them. By the latest accounts it-lip-
peared that between 3,000 and. 4,000 persons had
'encamped without the walls, out of these the greater
number were poor people, who had earned their
bread by daily labour, but xere now of Necessity
thrown out of work, and coasequently had no means
of raising money to supply the necessaries of life.
He should conclude 'by moving that the following
resolution should be adopted by the meeting :
" Resolved—That this meeting, impressed with
the conviction of the evils that will result under the
circumstances described, unless adequate relief be
afforded, do enter into a subscription in aid of the
one commenced at Gibraltar."

Mr. AvENDEN seconded the resolution, which was
put by •the Chairman, and carried unanimously. •
It was then moved by a gentleman whose name
we did not learn, that a committee should he formed
of those merchants who had resided at Gibraltar,
with a view of more effectually forwarding the object
of the meeting. -
John Robert Ward, Esq. was appointed trea-
surer, and the banking holise of Messrs. Veres,
Ward, and Co. as the depository -of subscriptions.
Several other matters of a trifling nature were
then discussed, and the meeting adjourned shortly
before three o'clock. • •