The Sun.
London, England, 1826-09-01 00:00:00

POOR RATES IN IRELAND.

We perceive, by the last number we received of The
cork SouMern Reporter, that sortie persons have it in coO-
temidation to introduce what is termed a modified system
of Poor Lawt into that part of the country. What the
Editor of our Cork Contemporary understands by an ap-
plication of the Poor Laws, in a modified way, to the. exi-
gencies.of Ireland, he has lett to his readers to divine.
Had the measure originated with us, 'it would be less ab-
surd, because its object would be to impose upon our
numerous absentee proprietors, a share of the burden, from
which their residence elsewhere at present exempts theM.
The judicious remark, " the poor support the poor," is
true to its. fullest extent in the county of Kilkenny;
belt with all these reasons to incline our acceding to
a measure, which would divide the onus, and impose
upon the Lords of the soil as a duty, what cannot be
extorted al a benevolence, ,we put our face completely
Against the propriety of Petitioning Parliament for the
existing Poor Laws, no matter how modified they may
be. If the national character
.is deteriorated by beggary
,—and that it is, no man will deny—any system calcula-
ted to promote mendicancy, ought to he discouraged. Pub-
lic later-houses, for the reception of the blind and ltune,
however benevolent in their object, have never failed to
be attended with 'consequencecinjurions to the moral cha-
racter of the poor classes. The sympathy of the wealthy
can never disregard sufferers whose destitution imme-
diately strikes the senses; and any judicious method, such
as we believe the above to be, adopted for their mainte-
nance, will only hold forth temptations to idleness: In
England, the oppressive as well as the deMoralizing ten-
dency of the porir laws is scarcely denied, even, by their
warmeit 'advocates; and although, in his evidence before
•the Lords Committee Mr. Ninimo has spoken of the indus-
Arians habits of the iris h as they deserved, and as he had
an excellent opportunity 'of knowing, while engaged in the
western part of the county of Mayo with the public works
carrying on there, we,,fear that many ef—theie „timid
scarcely resist, the seAuctive stimulus of the poor laws to
habits of inirolinee. We trust, therefore, that so obnoxious
meatorte will tie 1,,l uotiolied; and that instead of a legal
asiitttiensni4 the landed Proprietors and, gentry will exert
xhemseirrs to create means
.of employment for the labour-
ing alumni, Withoot, extinguishing 'that sense of shame
which prevents many from becoming beggars by profession,
or destroying that spirit of industry by which they will he
• serviceable and not, barthcir,oom to the
indi.Pentient.'

Last week
isome box cute ngs were Oar own t
farm yard .at Sudbury, Gloucestershire
some swine, within ow days fine Gloucestershire,
renataelidij;,
saw died in consequence of eating this vegetable poi-
son.Cdasgotu courier.
THE. Lauer, well-known ev
well-
, tenen
Surgeon, lately presented to t re AcittleMy-of.Medicine
in Paris, the.heart of a. man who, in a fit of derange:
merit produced by grief, stabbed. himself with a watch»
makers After having penetrated several ineThehsc,
-the-insiruMent broke off level. with' the skin.
unhappy being was, conveyed to .an hospital, where it
i'vadetertoilYed: that no operation, could he attempted.
Ele survived for twentrone.days,in but little pain, and
without feeling.anv dinieulty in changing bis position.
Ori,topening thel;ody, it was seen with surprise that
the nOl, 'only pierced the pericardium, and one
d kb* ve4ti:of the 14tart, but that, entering that organ
at three inches from the point, it had passed obliquely,
from the left to the right, and from the lower to the
higher, part, crossing the left cavity, the middle mem-
brane, and the right vivify !--Freernan's Journal.

VR,t,'CI PAPERS.

(rroni the Etoile of 30th August.)
GREECE

Convti, Auo. fiom..Qerigo, under date of
Pith July, soy that a divisionn-of ihe Egyptian fleet were
.blockading the ,coast of Maine. Whilst Ibrahim was at-
taaking' that pr6vineefhy lot* the!,rest_ of the Egyptian
nett Were' COmm itting pitaiieti„ similarly* the Oi.eeks, who,
hOwever,_ had stibugh to do to keepOydra it.t a state of de-
fence. Lbrd Gordon had returned to Cerigo, from Napoli
eli loniania, and ryas to priveed to Hydra. .The following
i 5 a copy of a letter, written by Ibrahim to Marrornichall,
son of Petro Bey. This letter, although rather litC
`to show the (hurter of the war.

•
" Innsittlii, by the giltiv of Ood, Commander of Can-
dia and Mnrczt, Aarnirta of theSgyptian.fleet.
.":IVlonof 26,'1826.---Before youracparture from
hence„ferMissolonghi, we received your letter,wherein film
rquire us to give you a pass for yon and Votii lainily gene-
raily; moved with compussioh, iinmediately granted
your prayer. After dilt `d4artifre,
,your chiefs asked of
your father the reitiani why he had obtained of us such an
order, and'e answered that it was merely from policy, in
order to prevent his country being pillaged by us, Until
then he was deprived of forces and warlike st6r6S.
• " .You are now required, hoWeVcro not to lose any time
in deliberating with yoiri. Ninnies, and in ten days to come
here and 'Colleen' With It 6, if you wish to -preserve your
country, wititbtit having recourse to your false policy, which
in future shat avail you nothing. We have returned from
Calarnata ; but if we,have not entered ~your..ctftintry, you
'mtist attribute this to cornpassioN that, your countrymen
might not become staves like the people of other provinces:
and. because we had left you the safety-pass, that, it. may
-not he said that immediately after this order we invaded
your ffountry. You have acknowledged that we are full of
humanity, and that we make war in good order; aria ac-
cording to those tactics which belong h the most en-
lightened nation: Hasten, ther'efore, to us, with all the
Primates of your ootnitty but if you do not obey, and
wish to follow yota former policy, you may firmly believe
that we shall invade your country as we did the Itltttibii-
neigiv4. We shall leave no traces of habitation, and in the
day of judgment you will have. tit 'answer the evils which
may arise therefrom re an innocent people. Give execu-
tion, without fail to all that I tell you, and be in health."
The pilticish fleet, which was in the Archipelago, is ex,
pected at Modon. It is composed of twenty-five vessels,
twenty-two of which are ships of war, Kna have 4,000 men
on hoard.

The arrival of Luta Cochrane, is no longer doubtful. It
is said he. did not touch at Greece; but that he received at
sea, and near Sicily, the instructions of the Greek Govern-
ment, sent to him by a schooner, and that he immediately
proceeded to the coast of Egypt, which he intends, it
seems, to select for the principal theatre of his military
operations.

It is stated that Ibrahim has been defeated at Armiro
and et Nissi, where he must have lost in the first from 6
to 800 men, and froin the second 2,200. It is also said
that the Seraskier was defeated at Livadia. Letters from
Patras and Prevesa state as certain the arrival at Modon of
the Turco-Egyptian fleet of 22 or 26 ships of war and
transports, coming from Alexandria, and bringing 4,000
moo of regular troops. It appears that Ibrahim, after his
defeat at Nissi, had retired to Navarino, others say to
Modon, in order to concert with the Turkish Admiral on
his arrival.

. . (From the Journal des Debals.)
PARIS, AUG. 29.—The Journal of the Minister of
Foreign Affairs contains the following article, which appears
very remarkable to us. No where have we seen a more
terrific' picture of the miaeries of Spain. How melancholy
it is to think that such is the result of . the victories and
of the wisdom of the Dauphin; and to know that things
have come to such a Vass that the 'Minister hes given up
the hopes of being able any longer to conneal the `truth as
to the state of this unfortunate nation.

MADRID, AUG. 17.—The Grand Council has been held
but the Foreign Ministers were not present: The follow•
ing is the result, according to report. The Finance Mi•
nister made it evident that the Government had already
exhausted all the resources which he' knew of, for procuring
funds for this year, and according to the information re-
ceived from the various intendants, it could not he expected
that the people, whatever violence might be used, would
be able to pay the whole of the taxes. The inhabitants of
the country were reduced to a frightful state of misery, a
great part of them, this year not. possessing seed corn ;
some in consequence of poverty, and others in consequence
of the iMportation of foreign corn; which has taken place in
Andalusia and Catalonia, either openly or by smuggling,
almost every day for the last year, and has so reduced the
price of Spanish corn, that the sale of what wheat has been
grown will not be sufficient to pay the taxes. He declared
afterwards that famine was beginning to be felt, and that the
cry of despair had been raised in many villages and country
towns, and would soon be heard in the large towns, if the
Goverunient did not. speedily take energetic and bene-
volent measures. His Excellency added, that the obstinate
refusal of all the Governments and all the capitalists to ad-
vance money on loan to Spain, on any conditions, left no pos-
sibility of adopting that measure; that it could not, there-
fore, be thought of to send to Portugal or to the frontiers,
either an army of observation or activity, for the Govern-
ment had not a Maravede to dispose of, and he foresaw
that the deficiency this year would he double that of last
year. The Minister of War drew a most afflicting picture
of the state of the army, and proved that the number of
Men under arms was much less than was supposed. The
greater part of the regiments of the line were only frame-
work, which the penury of the treasury did not allow of
being completed ; that the existing regiments could not be
confided in, for it would be asking a miracle to ask faith-
fulness from soldiers who were neither paid nor clothed,
and were all discontented in the highest degree. M. Zam-
brona added, that many of the soldiers had served to the
end of their time, and that they murmured because they
were not discharged. The Royal Guards were, he said, the
only troops well equipped' and armed ; that they only
amounted to 12,000 men in all, and could not be disposed,
as they were destined for the service of the capital and
Royal Family ; and if thin were not all, the officers, ex-
cept about 20, were all children, and therefore the guards
would be of no use. The serjeants and Corporals were
not yet acquainted with their business, and the soldiers
were much divided 'in their opinions. He concluded by
saying, that to send .an army to Portugal, all the
troops of the kingdom must be sent, leaving the
fortresses undefended, and the nation exposed to a coup de
niain from the Colombians,"or any other enemy. Even if
France should consent to ,supply more auxiliary troops,
they could not be accepted, because they, would be a bur-
den on the people, who had nothing to feed, much less to
pay them. If they were forced on the people, they would
only cause irritation, and the people might turn their arms
against the allies of their country. The Minister of Ma-
rine followed, and stated, that vessels, three-fourths built
at Ferrol and Carthagenit, were perishing in the dock-yards
for want of sails and stores. The .cont actors, despairing
of being paid the sums due to them, had refused to supply
any more stores or materials. The vessels already. begun
were not likely to be completed, and would most probably
", before they were made ready for sea. lie also. stated,
that the Colombian and Buenoi Ayres squadrons, and the
English vessels, their allies, were continually off the
coast,
Calomarda
e ,311:1‘4crastettiv.i
reertatiii
efaorwslui
nbijsetvetr
no
ff uneasiness to
.t
its
internal resources
spoke generally the hopes Government might have
forms should he. effectedi.e Govern..
re-
ttf
ported this view; but sottoitd,atlblaet thtl!tlrelatien.nsfatout
)Sr
triemesdytittig, n,tiantyheeviinist,enatnietai the
T.lll State,
when
id
I;ifantad" suP-
. Foreign Poivers are
however!' certain, that the iMeerbBl Y the. Clu.arilicliillvhiaitsid:
formed the project of inducing
war against Portugal, and they
to
giveany wfoermreaalllad
then eCirs' Government to declare
ed, without daring
declared himself, as I am assured,- that he did not think of
°virelicetl! King

declaring war against Portugal, and that he Intended to
wait, in order to see what measures he ought to adopt to-
wards that Goveinment arid thoSe of his Allies. In con-
sequence, of the orders given by his Maj esty, to the Captains-
General of the Provinces adjoining Portugal, the greater
part of the Portugiiese Royalists, who had fled into Spain,
have already'retiirned intit Portugal, and those who are not
able to return to Portugal will soon leave our territory.
According to letters from Madrid of the 22d of August,
the Duke del Infantado will be replaced by the Duke de
San Carlos, who is returning froth Russia by Paris for Spain.
M. de Mttteriiieh has as great a rage for Congresses as
Prince nohenlohe has for miracles. It is With pain that
he sees the other Cabinets of Europe gradually Withdraw-
ing themselves from his direction. In vain has he desired
to have a Congress for the affairs of Russia, for the affairs
of Brazil, for the affairs of Portugal; England, which
thinks proper to have an existence and an opinion of her
own, has suffered M. the Metternich to multiply his notes
and his diplomatic insinuations, without troubling her se-
riously with them for a single moment.
Now that the Austrian Prince collects around him in
his chateau of Johannisberg all his petty diplomatists in
his train; he is anxious to have it believed that the Duke
'of Wellington is coming to engross the attention of his
Court. But while the Journals in his pay thus bring the
Duke of 'Wellington on his voyage, the Duke, at his ease,
in his chateau of Strathfieldspay, indulges, like his noble
brother, in the pleasures of fiskiing and hunting, receives
the visits of his friends, and appears more disposed to ex-
pect 'that the Diplomatic Congress of Johannisberg will
come to him to Strathfield, and pay them, than that he
should cross the Rhine to go to it. The Prince 'Met.
terriich will no doubt indetyinify himself for this disdain,
by yeparing some petty' v4ation for some petty German
Potentate, until at lentctlwthis 'people of sovereigns will
recollect that, like.the Great Powers, they toohavo a right
to be masters in tLeir own states. •

SPAIN.

The following ie,extraeted from 'the. Madrid Gazelle :)

OFFICIAL • ARTICLE.

The King our Lord has been pleased to address to his
First. Secretary of State and despatch the following decree :
" The promulgation of a: representative system of Go-
vernment in Portugal„ might have affected public tranquil-
lity in another country, its neighbour, which, scarcely free
from revolution, might not have been generally animated
by the purest loyalty. But in Spain few have dared to
cherish in obscurity hopes of seeing the ancient form of
Government changed; for public opinion has declared it-
self in so decided a manner, that no one can have the har-
dihood to belie it. This new proof of the fidelity of my
vassals obliges me to manifest to them my sentiments,
which are directed to the preservation of their religion and
their laws. With these the name of Spain was always
glorious, and without them we can only have in their place
demoralization and anarchy, as experience has taught us.
" Be the circumstances of other countries what they
may, we will govern ourselves according to ours; and I,
as the father of my.people, have chosen rather to listen to
the humble voice of an immense majority of vassals, who
are faithful and useful to the country, than to the auda-
eious clamours of a small and disorderly faction, desirous
perhaps, of renewing scenes which I do. not wish to recoL
lect.

- - -
" I have already published, on the 19th of April, 1825,
my Royal Decree, in which, convinced that our ancient
legislation is the fittest for maintaining the purity of our
religion, and the mutual rights of a paternal King and a
faithful vassalage—the, best adapted to our customs and
our education—l thought proper to promise to my sub-
jects, that I never would make any alteration in the legal
form of my Government, nor would permit the establish-
ment of Chanibers,or any other institutions' whatever might
sbe their' denomination. It only remains me to usaiire
all the vassals of toy dominions, that. I will render n doe
return to theit loyalty, byeausing to be executed the laws,
which punish solely,. the infractors, and by protecting all
who obey them ; and that, desirous of seeing all Spaniards
united, in opinion ,and in will, 1:shall dispense protection to
all who obpy the laws, and will be inflexible with all who
dare to dictate laws to their country. .
" Wherefore I have resolved, that the before-mentioned
decree shall again be distributed to the authorities and tri-
bunals of the kingdom, urging on the Magistrates the due ad-
ministration of justice, which is the greatest security for the
happiness of the people, and the best recompense for their
fidelity. You will take notice of this decree, and make the
necessary arrangements for its publication and execution.
(Signed by the Royal Sign Manual.)
" In the Palace, August lb, 1826.
" To the Duke del Infantado."

THE ARMY.

MONTHLY MILITARY OBITUARY.

Colonel M. of Waterford, Waterford Militia.
'Llstrr.-CoLowns—Bayer, h, p. 37th Foot; Ogilvy, late of
the 11th Foot.

Cat-rams—Methuen, in Dragoons; M'Kenzie, sth Foot;
Willshire, 11th Foot; Barnett, 54th Foot, on passage from Chit.
tagong to Calcutta ; Bourne, late Invalids, Guernsey ; Keith,
late 9th Veteran Battalion, Chelsea ; Ttoland, h. p. Regi-
ment, Ramainm.otir ; Tyler, Sligo Militia; Smith, 99th Foot
London.

LltiriltNANTs-31`Carthy (Adj.) 47th Foot, drowned on board
the ship Lady Campbell, on passage to Europe; Bell, 69th Foot ;
Wyse, 94th Foot, Ennis ; J. C. Nicolis, 24 West India Regi-
ment, Bathurst, St. Mary, Africa; Rarriaon, Cape Corps;
Anstiee, h. p. 224 Dragoons; Creighton, h. p. lollop. Nova
Scotia • Desire Dtifief, h. p, Chase. Britt. Paris; Bruner, h. p.
46th hot, Hesse Cassel; Worllege, late Ist Veteran Battalion,
Lambeth; Edwards, h. p. 96th Foot, Windsor; W. H. lisrveY,
Invalid Art. Eltham.
Cornet Fraser, 6th Dragoons, Dorchester:

Ensign Dodgaon, h. p. Elford's Carps, Blackburn,.
Adjutant Brown, Bedford Militia, Bedford.
QuanTrik-Masnas—Simson, h. p. 3d Dragoons, Litchfield;
Page, h. p. 7th Dragoons ; Burt, h. p. Romney Fen Cavalry,
Leominster. _ _

Surgeon Cogan, h. p. Mat Foot, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

The depot of ithe Blst regiment of infantry has received orders
to proceed from Portsmouth to Guernsey.
The depot of the 234 (Royal Welch Fuzilcers) has received or-
ders to proceed from Guernsey.to Brecon.
Detachment* belonging to the 36th and 624 regiments of foot
Itatie reetiveit-onillam to—tiara . thin morning from Westminster
for Ipswich. - •
Detachments of recruits, from Bristol and Liverpool, embarked
yesterday morning, at Billinsgate, for Gravesend, on route to
Mahan), Maklstons,
and Canterbury. •