The Sun.
London, England, 1844-03-07 00:00:00

tin •

LONDON, THURSDAY, MARCH 7, 1844.

OVERLAND MAIL
EXPRESS FROM PARIS.

MALTA, FEB. 28.
MARSEILLES, MARCH 3.
PARIS, MARCH 4.

The Indian Mail of the Ist February announces
the taking of Gwalior after two battles, in which
the Anglo-Indian army lost more than 1,000 men in
kills d and wounded. The loss upon the side of the
enemy was 6,000. No news of importance from
Sinde, the Punjaub, or China.

Gwalior, the fort taken by our troops, is, from
its strength, called the Gibraltar of the East. It
covers the top of a hill, nearly two miles long, but
narrow ; the sides are very precipitous, and the
highest part, which is at the north end, is 342 feet
above the surrounding plain. The rampart con-
forms to the brow of the hill all round ; and the
area within is full of buildings, reservoirs of water,
wells, and cultivated land. At the foot of the moun-
tain, on the east side, is the town, which is large and
Ns•Pll built. It is 68 miles south by east of Agra.
The British took it by a nocturnal escalade in. 1780.
This description will account for the severe loss
described in the dispatch.

We reprint the follo wing letter, which we received
from our Bombay correpondent by the last Overland
Mail, in reference to the condition of our relations
with the Gwalior Government. This document may
erne to illustrate the important intelligence which
reached us last night in anticipation of our expected
dispatches from India.

" BOMBAY, JAN. 1.
• " The most important intelligence of the month is that from
Gwalior, where one of those sudden turns which are so often
r;ixttrring in the affairs of India has relieved us of the ap-
prehensions of immediate war, which a fortnight since seemed
inevitable. The army of exercise, whose details were partly
given in my last letter, having been called together with the
Utmost dispatch, was, by the beginning of the month,
found complete in all its details. Lord Ellenborough
left Calcutta on the 25th of November, and with the
Utmost dispatch reached Agra on the 10th December, and
reviewed the troops. On the 12th, the first brigade under
General Valiant marched, the remainder following on the
three next ensuing days. The left wing of the army, under
General Grey, had meanwhile assembled at Jansi, and com-
int?nced its advance simultaneously with the force from Agra.
The Gwalior chiefs, seeing themselves placed betwixt a couple
of magnificently-appointed advancing armies, and also know-
ing that they had to deal with one not to be trifled with, at
once lost heart. The malcontent chiefs were placed in cus-
tody, and afterwards surrendered to us. The Government of
the country was placed in the hands of the chief most favour•
able to our interest.

" A question of peace or war continued still to be stoutly
(V:bated in the Durbar, when the approach of the British
troops frightened them into submission. Lord Ellen-
horough, it is said, still means to go forward, but with a
small 'fragment of the army only, such as may be con-
gdered requisite to expedite the tranquillisation of the '
country. The terma agreed uron are, of course, as

yet, scarcely known to the public. Their general
tenour is said to be to the effect that the Gwailor
Government shall hereafter maintain a large con-
tingent force, and pay the whole costs already incurred on
their behalf; and that an extensive piece of territory, in-
denting inconveniently into the Company's dominions, shall
be ceded in perpetuity to the British Government in security
for the payment of the contingent. When it is considered,
that in reality the Gwalior States lapsed to us as heirs of the
King of Delhi some eight months since, and that they only
maintain a show of independence by our grace and favour,
they seem to have been treated with much leniency and con-
sideration."—Herald.

The meeting of the Anti-Corn-law League, at
Covent-garden Theatre, last evening, was one of the
most triumphant and enthusiastic which ever that
important body has held. What a contrast to the
meeting of the Anti-League Association, held at
Freemasons' Tavern, on Monday last, did the League
meeting of last night present ! It was just the differ-
ence between the objects of the two Associations ; the
one powerful, strong, and healthy, full of vigour and
enthusiasm—the other, puny, weak, and diseased,
without either energy or animating spirit. And need
we—can we wonder, that such should be the case,
when the League advocates the rights of the people
and of the whole community, whilst the Anti-
League supports only the landlords' interests, the
cause of a faction, and aims at class legislation alone.
The tenant-farmers looked with very great dis-
gust at the composition of the National Anti-League
Association, and at the very first meeting, when
the governing body was selected from landlords
and tenant-farmers, to act together in unison,
more than one of the tenant-farmers asked this per-
tinent question, " What interest have we in common
with the landlords, that should make us unite with
them for the protection of agriculture ; will it not be
made a society for the protection of rents, not of
renters ?" And the tenant-farmers were right in their
suspicions of the landlords' intentions; they were jus-
tified in doubting the sincerity with which any union
of men, such as those who cry out so loudly for the
preservation of the corn-laws, and those who, having
to pay rent, have always found the high price of pro-
duce used as an argument for high rental, could be
/ made mutually beneficial. It is not in the nature of
things to mix oil and water; and yet, as soon will
this union be effected as the union in one plan for
the interest of both, between the landlord seeking
to maintain high prices, in order to keep up his rent,
and the tenant seeking to obtain a high price for the
produce of his farm, but, at the same time, wishing
to pay the lowest rate per acre out of the proceeds.
The corn-laws are not—they never can he made—
the instruments of good to the tenant• farmer, or to
the farm labourer; they are, and they will be, the
instruments of vast evil to them, and to every man in
society save the landlords. They are the landlords'
tax, levied exclusively for the good and benefit of that
one class, and paid by every other class, entirely to
their own disadvantage and evil. The poor farm
labourer, earning his paltry pittance of seven shil-
lings per week, does not receive more wages when
bread is dear; he derives no benefit from the advance
in price of the article which he starves to raise from
the earth, while its additional price inflicts additional
starvation upon him, and draws still more upon his
scanty earnings. The farmer hears of the rise of corn
with joy : but soon his gladness is checked by the
agent of his landlord, who claims increased rental,
and justifies the demand by the increased price of
farm produce. The artisan, the mechanic, the shop-
keeper, and every person whose income is not derived
from land, finds in the increased price of corn nothing
but expenditure, without return or advantage ; and,
from one end of society to the other, no man can
show a beneficial interest in the corn-laws, save the one
class—the landlord class.

Greatly to the honour of even this class is it, that
enlightened, worthy, and sincere supporters of a
repeal of the corn-laws, are to be found even in their
body. Men who can see beyond the extremity of
their nasal organ ; who can see that the prevalence
and continuance of class legislation must ultimately
bring ruin and destruction even to that very class
whose protection is sought by unjust means. Excess
will produce lassitude—dissipation in youth will
draw on premature old age—extravagance will bring
penury—guilt will find punishment--and class legis-
lation, injustice in the highest sense, will assuredly
find retributive justice, in the utter destruction which
accumulated wrong at all times heaps upon the heads
of its perpetrators.
r►
The Lords did not sit yesterday.

In the Commons, after the presentation of petitions,
the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER announced that
on Friday next he would move a resolution for the
reduction of the interest on the Three-and-a-Half per
Cent. Annuities. This is only what has been anti-
cipated for some sime, but nevertheless it will cause a
great sensation among the holders of that stock.

The House went into Committee on the County
Coroners' Bill. On the reading of the clause which
allowed coroners Is. per mile for travelling expenses,
Mr. C. BERKELEY moved the omission of the clause,
when the Committee divided, and the amendment was
lost by a majority of 59. The remaining clauses
were agreed to, and the House resumed. The House
adjourned at a Quarter to Seven.

A most important notice was given by the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer in the House of Commons
last night. The reduction of the Three-and-a-Half
per Cents. has long been a topic of public discussion,
and it now appears that this reduction is to be carried
into effect. A very great saving will be caused by
this means ; and we hail this, as we should any other
plan for effecting a reduction in our national expen-
diture, as a most gratifying announcement.

The persecution of the Jews, we regret to state,
still continues with unabated virulence throughout
the Russian dominions, as also in those provinces
which once formed portions of Turkey and Poland,
but,which are now in a great degree under the direct
influence of the CZAR. "Letters from Moldavia and
Lithuania," says a Morning Contemporary, " give
most harrowing accounts of the sufferings of the Jews
in those countries. The Moldavian Government de-
sirous, why or wherefore we know not, of diminish-
ing the number of Jews resident in the State, has
recently enacted that none shall be admitted without
a regular passport, and that any one detected
contravening this law shall be sent to the salt mines
of Olma. In the town of Jassy a daily report is to
be made to the police-officers of the number of Jews
that arrive, and of each they are to require a carte-
de-sojour." When we read of these tyrannical acts
of legislation, we are carried back in fancy to the
twelfth and thirteenth centuries, when the Jews
were treated worse—if that he possible—than the
black slaves in the Southern States of America;
visited with fine—imprisonment—torture—death—
according to the caprice of the great and petty
despots of Europe ; and scarcely recognised as
forming a branch of the vast, comprehen-
sive family of humanity. From the above accounts
_ _

corrupt, underhand agency at work; and NICHOLAS
has doubtless been led to believe, by certain crafty,
interested counsellors, that the Jews have been actively
engaged in fomenting political disturbances in the king-
dom. Be the motives of his conduct, however, what
they may, he has shown the most deplorable fatuity
in expatriating his Jewish subjects, and the conse-
quences cannot fail, in the long run, to come home to
him, and verify SHARSPEARE'S remark, that " the
great Gods are just, and of our vices make instruments
to scourge us." Should Poland ever again threaten
insurrection—should another such conspiracy break
out among the Russian military as that which sig-
nalised the EMPEROR'S accession to the throne—
should, in short, any event arise that may require a
vast increase in his expenditure, from what quarter
is the Sovereign of all the Russias to derive the
means of replenishing his exchequer ? Will the
Jews, the great bankers for ages of all the Courts of
Europe, assist him ? Certainly not. They will
bear diligently in mind his remorseless perse-
cution of their Russian brethren, and reject all
his supplications for a loan with contempt, :were he
even to offer an interest of cent. per cent. for the
money. Meantime, we trust that our brave and
generous countrymen, always the advocates of the
oppressed, will not fail to mark their sense
of the atrocious conduct pursued by NICHOLAS
towards the Jews. We trust that they will
forthwith hold public meetings on the subject, and at
these meetings express their sentiments of disgust
and abhorrence in the strongest terms that the Eng-
lish language allows. A tyrant, even though he be
a Russian tyrant, and call himself NICHOLAS, must
not be permitted to trample on the laws of justice
and humanity with impunity..

Madrid journals of the 27th ult. have been re-
ceived. The Gazette publishes two dispatches from
General RONCALI, announcing that on the 26th he
would commence active operations against Alicant,
and after the reduction of the place would march on
Carthagena. Intelligence from that quarter, however,
is not to be depended on, for in another account, at
least a week previous, it was stated that RONCALI had
opened his batteries and was pouring in shot on the
rebellious town. The Minister of Justice, at the re-
quest of the QUEEN, had left Madrid on the 27th of
February for Valencia to receive the ex-Regent
MARIA CHRISTINA. He was the bearer of an auto-
graph letter from the young QUEEN to her august
mother, and was accompanied by Messrs. FERNANDO
ALVAREZ and DOMINGO MORENO, two officers of his
Ministry, and M. SALVADOR BERMUDEZ DE CASTRO,
Secretary of the Council of Ministers.
On the 27th the Three per Cents. sold for 29i at
60 days; the Four per Cents. at 20 for cash, and 203-
at 60 days, and the Five per Cents. at 228 at 60 days.

The Paris papers have again reverted to the Ota-
heite affair, in consequence of certain articles in the
London journals, but we find nothing new in their
remarks, nor any account whatever of the sums sub-
scribed to purchase a sword for Admiral DUPETIT
THOUARS. A Ministerial paper, the Globe, thus
adverts to this foolish scheme for annoying the KING
and his Ministers :—" The Opposition journals of
yesterday contained the joke of a subscription being
opened to offer a sword of honour to Admiral Du-
PETIT THOUARS. We are perfectly edified with the
patriotic subscriptions of the republic. It will be
with the sword of honour, maximum 50c., as with
the million of the Irish; and with M. DUPETIT
TIIOUARS as with O'CoNNELL, who declared that if
the million had been sent, it would not have been
accepted. M. DUPETIT THOUARS is, in fact, a man
of infinitely too much sense and too much tact,
to let himself be taken in by the compromising
nonsense of the Opposition. He will perceive
that the nation is rather with the imposing
majority of the Chamber, who have disap-
proved of his conduct, whilst they. preserve to
him all their esteem, than with those singers of the
Marseillaise,' who will come between two bacchana-
lian couplets, and bring their offerings to the office of
the National."

According to some of the papers, arrests have
lately taken place in the garrison of Paris, chiefly in
the 70th regiment of the line, but on what grounds
we do not learn. " Yesterday," says the National of
Monday, " and the day before, the report has been
circulated at Paris, of a military conspiracy having
been discovered. The information carried about by
the news-mongers is rather vague and contradictory,
but that which appears beyond a doubt, is that within
a few days past several non-commissioned officers of
a regiment quartered at Paris have been arrested. It

is even said that sundry superior officers are compro,
raised among others, a colonel and lieutenant.
colonel. In a day or two we shall know more abou
this."

Four Legitimatist Deputies, namely, MM. de
LARCY, BERRYER, the Duke de VALMY, and M.
BLIN BE BOURBON, have been returned at Cette,
Marseilles, Toulouse, and Doullens, by large majo-
rities, and no doubt remained that M. LAROCREJAC-
ctuELIN would also be returned. The funds on Mon-
day were a little lower than on the previous day, the
Three per Cents. closing at 82f. 75c., and the Fives
at 126 f. 35c.

The following telegraphic dispatch appears in the
Messager :

it would seem that the Moldavian and Lithuanian
authorities—acting, no doubt, under Russian influ•
ence—look upon the Jews as a sort of moral pesti-
lence, and require them to perform quarantine, and
bring a sound bill of health with them, previous to
their being permitted to reside in those enlightened
countries. `We always knew that NICHOLAS was a
tyrant—a systematic, remorseless tyrant, utterly re-
gardless of the claims of humanity, when those
claims interfered with any favourite project; but we
little thought that he was a fool as well as a tyrant,
without wit enough to see what was beneficial or other-
wise to his own interests. We could understand
his policy much as we abhorred it, when he sacrificed
Poles by thousands to his lust of arbitrary, irresponsi-
ble power ; tore the mother from the son, the wife
from the husband, and heaped up, like another TA-
MERLANE, but without his intellect, a pyramid of
corpses on the highway as an awful monument of his
Imperial vengeance—we could understand, we re-
peat, this ruthless, straightforward policy, emanating,
as it avowedly did, from the CZAR'S desperate deter-
mination to strike terror to the heart of Poland;
but we must confess we are wholly at a loss to
1 understand the motives by which he is in-
fluenced in his present persecution of the Jews,
which seems to us the most suicidal act of atro-
city that ever yet was perpetrated, even by a Rus-
sian despot. As for the pretext that they are en-
gaged in smuggling, surely this is not sufficient
to explain or justify the banishment of an entire
people, many of whom are among the most enlight-
ened of the CZAR'S subjects, diffusing the arts of civili-
sittion by their wealth, anal fostering a taste for its en-
joyments by their example ! There must be SOW petty,

"PERPIGNAN, FEB. 29.
" Queen CHRISTINA arrived last evening at Figue
ras, where she was received with enthusiasm. Te
Deum was chanted on the occasion. Her MAJESTY
was to leave to-day for Girona."

THE BOURSE--MONDAY, MARCH. 4.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. .
French Five per Cents. • • 126 25 • • 126 Price. 30 • • 126 20 . • 126 Price 20
Four per Cents. • • 106 50 • • 106 50 • • 106 50 .. 106 50
Three per Cents.... • 82 75 .. 82 80 .. 82 70 .. 82 70
Laffitte Bank, I,ooof. Sharesllo7 50 • • 1107 50 . • 1107 50 ..1107 50
5,000 f. SharessoBo —BOBO .. 5080 —5OBO
Belgian Bank . 660 . • 66,5 • • 660 .. 665
1841 •......1080 • • 1080 • • 1080 ..1080
Belgian Fives
1840
1842 •••• • • • 109 i • • 1091 1091 1091
Spanish Active
Passive 6 • • 6 • • 51 .. 51
Old Deferred • • 8 • • 8 .. 8 • • 8
Portuguese Five per Cents.. 46 • • 46 • • 46 . • 46
Neapolitan lOl 80 .. 101 80 .. 101 50 .. 101 50
Roman
RAILWAY SHARES.
Versailles, R.B.
L.B
Rouen •• • • • • ••••• • • • • • 837 50 .. 837 50 .. 837 50 • • 837 50
Rouen to Havre ••• • • ..... 675 .. 677 50 • • 675 .. 676 25
Orleans .• ••••••••• • • • • • • • • 855 • • 858 75 • • 855 .. 856 25
Strasburg to Bale •
Avignon to Marseilles • • • 760 .. 760 • • 760 .. 760
RAILWAY SHARES, FOR THE ACCOUNT.
St. Germain .• .......
Versailles, R. 8.• •.••• • • • •
L. 8.• • • • • • •• • • • • 182 50 .. 182 50 • • 176 25 . • 176 21
Rouen ••••.••••• • • • • • • • • • 835 • • 835 .. 835

- • • .835
Rouen to Havre• • • ...• • • ••... • •667 50 .. • 680 .. • 667 50 • • 675
Orleans •.••..
Strasburg to Bale— •• • 248 75 .. 248 75 • • 247 50 .. 247 50
Avignon to Marseilles.. 762 50 • . 765 762 50 .• 765
Montpellier to Cette •.• • • •

We hear from the very best authority that the
members of the late Administration are deeplT in-
terested in, and delighted at, the success of the
O'Connell dinner, to take place at Covent-garden
Theatre on Tuesday next. It is well known that
Ireland was tranquil and peaceable under their rule,
and repeal was never named. A change came over
Ireland when Peel assumed power, and repeal became
the watch-word. Give Ireland good government
and repeal will never be heard of again. We value
the demonstration of Tuesday next very highly, and
it has already produced great good in Ireland even
by anticipation.

MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS.—III the week
ending March 2, the total number of deaths was
_ _ _

1,055, showing a decrease, as compared with the
previous week, of 91, and exceeding the average by
54. We are glad to find ,that the deaths from
diseases of the lungs have greatly decreased. On the
previous week the number was 428, while last week
it was 366, being 36 above the average. In the first
class, including small-pox, measles, scarlatina, and
pooping-cough, the number is still high, being 215,
and 45 above the average. Of the 17 persons who
died of small-pox, 10 had not been vaccinated. The
following is the analysis of the deaths caused by the
diseases of the lungs :—Bronchitis 34, average 19 ;
pneumonia 96, average 91; asthma 51, average 45 ;
consumption 156, average 146. Of deaths from
diseases of the• heart the number is 34, average 21.
Violent deaths 19, average 25. Of these four were
from fracture of limbs or contusion, seven from burns,
one from suicide. The thermometer was lowest on
Tuesday, 27th February, 28 deg. ; and highest on
March 1, 51.1 deg. The barometer was lowest on
the 26th February, 28.66 deg. ; and highest on the
28th, 29.47 deg.

COACH AND CAB FARES FROM THE TERMINUS or
THE RAILWAYS, LONDON-BRIDGE.---111 Tuesday the
directors of the railways terminating at London-bridge,
caused to be posted at Greenwich, New-cross, and more
distant stations upon the several lines a table, alphabetically
arranged, of the coach and cab fares to 370 different parts of
the metropolis. This is undoubtedly a great public accom-
modation, and it is most desirable that the principle should
be followed out at the metropolitan and all other stations of
the several railways leading into London.

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 7, 1844,

he had given notice, he should on the motion for
going into Committee of Supply, bring under the
consideration of the House the subject of our com-
mercial relations with Buenos Ayres, and the subject
of the unhappy war at present existing between
Buenos Ayres and Monte Video.