The Sun.
London, England, 1844-04-06 00:00:00

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THEATRE ROYAL LYCEUM, or ENGLISH
11 OPERA HOUSE.
THE LAST NIGHT OF MR. C. H. ADAMS'S ORRERY.
THIS EVENING, April 6, Mr. C. 11. ADAMS will have the
honour to illustrate his LECTURE on A;TRONOMY with the most
brilliant Celestial Scenery eye: exhibited. To begin at Eight and
end about Ten.
Balcony, 4s. ; Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, is. Prirate Boxes, One Guinea
and Half-a-Guinea.
Tickets, &e., at the Box-office, from Teu till Four, and at the
principal Libraries.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
The arrangement for the EASTER HOLIDAYS includes the
Exhibition of LONGBOTTOM'S PHYSIOSCOPE, a new Instrument
which shows the humam face on a Disc magnified to the size of
Twelve Feet. The OPAQUE MICROSCOPE, with Electrotypes in
Gold, after a Selection from the Elgin Marbles. A New Set of DIS-
SOLVING VIEWS, including the OLD and NEW HOUSES of PAR-
LIAMENT, with the FIRE. POPULAR LECTURES, with brilliant
Experiments by Dr. Ryan and Professor Bachhoffner, illustrated by
ARMSTRONG'S HYDRO-ELECTRIC MACHINE and other Ap-
paratus. CARY'S OXY-HYDROGEN _MICROSCOPE, DIVER and
DIVING BELL, &c., &c. MODELS of various kinds of MA-
CHINERY in Motion. Open from Eleven to Half-past Five, and
from Seven to Half-past Ten.
Admission, Is.; Sch•ols, Half-price.

OYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL
GARDENS.
The preparations for the coming Season are on an immens;,. scale.
The Pictorial Model (seen and approved of by her Majesty) vast and
interesting beyond all former efforts. Fountains, Statues, Extensive
Promenades, &c. The Carnivori are fed at Half-past Four o'clock.

EASTER HOLIDAYS !
CHINESE COLLECTION!!
Admission free ! ! !
The Proprietors. of the above establishment, at the suggestion of
numerous subscribers in town, as well :is of their agents in va-
rious parts ofthe country, have determined upon postponing the dis-
tribution of their splendid Collection. until the 224 AMU, thereby
affording-1W 6nolliintty {li "sands during Easter, of witnesol-
ing GRATUITOUSLY the most magnificent Collection of Paintings,
by Chinese Artists—Antique and Modern China—Specimens of
Needlework—Trophies of War, &c., ever brought together.
The Shares being limited to 10,000, and but few remaining midis-
posed of, early application is necessary.
Prospectuses, and full particulars of the drawing, may be obtained
at No. 7, Old Jewry, and No. 44, Poultry. Shares ss. each, and
every Share a prize,
April 3, 1544.

Q EWERS OF WESTMINSTER AND PATR
k 7 OF MIDDLESEX.

Notice is hereby given that a JURY of SEWERS have this day de-
livered into COURT a PRESENTMENT of the ESTATES and PER-
SONS liable to be rated to the expense of maintaining and repairing
the COMMON SEWERS in the Eastern Division of the Westminster
Sowers.

The said Presentment is OPEN at this Office, for the inspection of
all Persons interested therein ; and her 31:jesty's Justices and Com-
missioners will sit on FRIDAY, March 15, and FRIDAY, April 12, 1844,
at One o'clock, when Parties may be beat ,1 against the said Present-
ment, as by Law allowed.

LEWIS C. lIERTSLET, Clerk.
Sewers'-office, 1, Greek-street, Soho-square, March 5, 1844.

FRUIT.—DANIEL LEVY, of 371, OXFORD-
STREET, respectfully informs the Nobility, Gentry, and
Public, that he has taken the old-established FRUIT BUSINESS of
Mr. Owen, 77, New Bond-street, which will now he carried on pre-
cisely similar to the Oxford-street Establishment, where a general
assortment of BRITISII and FOREIGN FRUIT will be kept at
moderate prices. Finest St. Michael (des.sert) Oranges, packed in
small packages, to suit private families, at v,holcsale prices—quarter
chests, 15s. to 17s. 6d.; half-quarter, Cs. to 95.; Scotch Orange
Marmalade, 10d. per jar, or 9s. Gd. per dozen jars ; Seville Oranges,
for Wine, Shrub, and Marmalade, &c. &c.
Be pleased to observe, the Oxford-street and Bond-street Esta-
bllshments are now one concern.

MAGNIFICENT DAMASK TABLE
CLOTHS, 5 yards long, each lss. Od.
Dinner Napkins to match yard square, the dozen
Irish Cambric Handkerchiefs, equal to the finest French,
per dozen
Common Lawn Handkerchiefs, 3s. 6d. per dozen; very good,
per dozen
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Ditto, nearly 3 yards wide, without a seam, per pair 15s. Od.
Common Linen Sheetings, from 38. 9d. per pair ; and very
strong, for servants' use, per pair
Irish Linen-, stout and free from dress, the piece of 26 yards,
for
Ditto, excellent quality, 26 yards for 253. ; and very fine, 26
yards for .. . .303. Od.
Yard-wide Irish, of the purest flax and finest texture, f... 6
yards for 425. Od.

The Directors of the NATIONAL LINEN COMPANY, in

giving publicity to~~he prices they are Belting AN U F.A C..
r URFA at, and feeling confident, from the increased facility of
communication from their factories, they can offbr unprecedented
advantages to Ladies requiring household linens, &c., will foiwerd
goods to families residing either in town or country, for approval
previous to the payment, and any article sent not giving the meat
unqualified approbation can be returned. Ihe
.Company are also
bleachers of long cloths, calicoes, counterpanes, muslins, dimities,
&c. They respectfully sal cit inquiries or the numerous families,
both in town and country, whO have patronised their establishment,
and who can testify not only to the advantageous prices, but to the
superiority of their manufactures and bleach.
Prospectuses containing full particulars of the various goods for
sale, with lists of pikes, can be had at the warehouses, or by post.
Retail entrance, 10, t leet-street, corner oft arringdon-street, bottom
of Ludgate-hill.
N B.. The nobility can have their own crests made to order on any
size table-cloths. Various superb designs now in the stock. For the
convenience of families who pilfer seeing goods at their own re-
sidences, the Company send out goods in their own carts If
written to.

CHING'S WORM DESTROYING
LOZENGES have for fifty years hell a distinguished repu.
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respectability, and science, from a personal knowledge of
It is a fact established by the annual Bills of Mortality, that one.
itnheriarnukti lity in their own families.
half the children born are cut off before attaining seven years of age,
and the fruitful source of this m-rtality is found to exist in that foul
state of the stomach and bowels which produces the generation
of worms.
The symptoms usually are loss of appetite, a paleness of colour of
the face, emaciated and irregular state of the bowels, attended with
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the body; and they prove fatal by ending in a consumpt on or decay.
As the certain restorer of Infantine Health, in this critical state,
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As an Opening Medi ine in Spring end Summer, for Adults as
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and Convulsions, although Worms may not exist, it is allowed to be
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CHING'S WORM-DESTROYING LOZENGES are pecuiiarly
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Sold in packets at Is. 1 mod., and boxes at 28.0 d. each, by Edwards,
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BULL HOTEL,FOSTING-110USE, .AND COMMERCIAL INN,

CAMBRIDGE.

~EDLIN respectfully announces that having
• entered upon the above Hotel, and completed the necessary
alterations, his best efforts will be made to render this establishment
in every way worthy the support he is most anxious to obtain.
. .

Families and Gentlemen visiting Cambridge will find the arrange-
ments adapted to afford them superior accommodation, combined
with attention and moderate charges.
Commercial Gentlemen may be assured of a strict regard to their
separate interests, and a constant desire to secure their comfort,
Warm, Cold, and ShoWer Baths always ready. Post-hones, Phae-
tons, and Flys. Loose Boxes for Hunters.

QUEEN'S HOTEL, PICCADILLY, MANCHESTER. •
ITOWERS has the honour to inform the No-
e MHO-, Gentry, and the Public that he has taken that splendid
and commodious Establishment, the QUEEN'S HOTEL, which will be
opened on 20th of March for the reception of his friends and patrons.
The above Hotel is situated in the most healthy part of the town,
yet contiguous to most places of business, within a few minutes' walk
of the Exchange, Post-office, &c., and in the immediate vicinity of all
the Railway Stations.

The Coffee-room, fitted up in a neat and elegant style, will be
found replete with every convenience. _ _ .

The Family Department, which consists of elegant suites of rooms,
will he found well adapted for the reception of the Nobility and Gentry:
An elegantly-furnished room will be set apart for the exclusive use
of Commercial Gentlemen.

For the accommodation of Foreigners. French and German attend-
ants are engaged. _ .

A Billiard-room is complete, with every modern improvement.
The Stables and Coach-houses are. extensive and convenient.
Post-horses and other conveyances will be in attendance at all' the
Railway Stations. . .

The 'Culinary Department will be particularly attended to. The
Wine and Spirits carefully selected, and of a superior description.
Turtle sent to any part of the kingdom. Hot, Cold, and Shower
Baths on the premises.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE, ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY, _

26, CORNUILL, LONDON.
Capital .£500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
The many novel and varied advantages bestowed by this Institu-
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as to afford the full benefit to his family at death, and annual division
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the Society's great success and growing prosperity enabled the Di-
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on the profit scale a bonus averaging fifty-five per cent. on the
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Entry. IPolicNo. y.
Prem. Added.
lAge.l Sum I. I Annual Bonus

EXAMPLES.

AgoKntry. P•licy. Annual Bonus Cash ' Prem.
. Sum.
No. Prem. Added. Bonus. Reduced.
£ £ s.d. s.d. s.d. £ s.d.
1837 39 59 1,000 67 8 4 132 14 6 58 19 9 819 4
1838

Another Bonus will be declared in the present year.

DR. CULVERWELL'S MEDICO-PHYSIO-
LOGICAL PUBLICATIONS.
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Relations dear, and all the charities
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The PHYSIOLOGY of the PASSIONS : their Manifestation and
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feelings. On morbid derangements, nervous piostations, and despair.
On the casualties of incontinence. An admonitory yet consolatory
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The INSTITUTES of MARRIAGE; a Medical Brochure for the
closet perusal of those denied or diffident, yet desirous of securing
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Price 2s , by post, 3s.
PORNEIA PATHOLOGY ; a comprehensive Vade-mecum on
the concealed infirmities of human life (1,0 Engravings). "The
Modern Aristotle," " The most extraordinary work ever published.'
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These publications combine rationality, explicitness, and integrity
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THE MARINERS awl GENERAL LIFE
ASSURANCE COMPANY.
Expressly established for Insurances on the Lives of Mariners,
(whether members of the Royal or Mercantile Navy) and Military
officers.—lt is to be noted that the Policies of this Company will
corer voyages of every description and service in every part of the
globe.
The Lives of Fishermen and Boatmen also insured.

high rates of premium have hitherto operated against this kind of
Assurance, but as the scale now adopted will be found as low as is
consonant with the risk, it is believed that this fact, coupled with
other advantages, will induce a great increase of Instirers.
Deferred Annuities to Mariners granted upon very moderate
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The Preminms for General Assurances are based upon a new ad-
justedlable of mortality.
Ten pound per cent. of tlie profits to be applied in malting a provi-
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Arthur-street, London-bridge. WM. M'NIELL, Manager.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.
CAMBRIDGE, APRIL s.—Mr. • John Howard Cressy
Wright, 8.A., has just been appointed one of the
Assistant• Masters in the Collegiate Grammar School,
Southwell.

THE AFFAIRS OF INDIA.
Bombay, March 1.
(From the Correspondent of the Times.)

By the last mail you will have received full ac-
counts of the battles near Gwalior, which have in-
vited the strictures of the press here, and no doubt
will be fully commented upon in England, to the ad-
vantage and disadvantage of all concerned. No one
will for a moment deny that in both actions, so gal-
lantly disputed by the Mahratta troops, the British
regiments and the Sepoys even surpassed their
former deeds of bravery ; and that in those despe-
rate charges up to the very muzzle of well-served
cannon, loaded with grape, canister, rouid, and
chain shot, declared by the Peninsular veterans
present the heaviest fire they had ever seen, the con-
duct of the troops, both European and Native could
not have been surpassed by that of any in the
world. Whole sections were mowed down as the
advance was steadily made, which never faltered for
a moment, and in the first and last deadly volley
within 50 paces of the muzzles of the guns, and the
headlong charge afterwards, we see the admirable
discipline of well-organised troops, and a devotion to
the cause of the British Government which, though
often before put to the test, has perhaps never been
more daringly displayed. The loss of native corps
equalling, if not exceeding, those of the Crown, both
in men and officers, proves them to have been not a
whit less daring than their European comrades; and
the Government of India and the Governor• General
are, as they have a just right to be, truly proud of
them. A bronze star, made from the cannon taken,
is to be presented to every man, officer, and soldier,
who fought in those bloody engagements, and an ho-
nourable mark it will be of duty done, and of fearless
bravery.
On the tactics displayed by the Commander-in-
Chief much comment has been, and will be, made,
and all have joined in declaring that, under more
precaution, the affairs at Maharajpoor might have
been concluded with comparatively little loss. I
doubt this in any case, but it is due to the Comman-
der to consider well the dispositions made before any
charge is brought against him for risking the event
or the lives of his troops by undue exposure.
It was believed on the 28th that the enemy's whole
force was concentrated at Chounda, with the river

Ahsin in their immediate rear, affording good oppor-
tunity to escape, with comparatively little loss, should

the engagement prove unfavourable to them; and the
Quartermaster-General had fully reconnoitred that
village, and been fired upon from it. It might,
therefore, be ell presumed by the Commander-in-
Chief, from the general experience of Indian armies
in intrenching camps, that the Mahrattas would
hardly change their position suddenly, but would en-
deavour to strengthen further what they had deter-
mined upon. Maharajpoor and the other villages
were supposed to be unoccupied; and, as the troops
were directed .upon them, I conclude it had been in-
tended to make a temporary halt, and such further
dispositions as would turn the,flank of the Chounda
position, and so render the action short and decisive.
These intentions were, however, frustrated by the
intelligence of the Mahratta commanders, who with
excellent judgment took up, during the night of the
28th, the triangular position of Maharajpoor, defended
on both flanks by ravines over which cavalry and
horse-artillery could not pass, commanding the road
of the advancing troops, and placing them between
the concentrated fire of several powerful and well-
served batteries, the existence of which was not known,
or even guessed at, until the troops were within range,
upon a plain which afforded no shelter whatever. I
think it may well be said that the motions of the enemy
ought to have been closely watched during the night,
and that blame here attaches itself to the intelligence
department. A few patrols thrown out during the
night, or a few small parties of intelligent sepoys,
armed in the native fashion, would have brought the
necessary information, possibly with some risk, still
the attempt might have been made, and would, I have
no doubt, have proved successful. The disposition of
the infantry might then have been changed, so as to
have outflanked Maharajpoor, &c. The cavalry might
have been directed to the rear, to cut off the retreat-
ing Mahratta battalions, instead of being severely
handled almost as spectators of an action, which fell
upon the infantry alone. Above all, what heavy. ar-
tillery remained with the army might have been
brought up to cover the advance, instead of those
light guns which produced no effect upon the Mah-
ratta batteries, and suffered severely. Thus the
Commander-in-Chief might have availed himself of
all arms.

This is but theory, however; the practice proved
very different. As the Mahrattas opened their fire,
Sir Hugh Gough saw that he had, as it were, fallen
into an ambush, and had but one of two alternatives
—either to withdraw his troops out of fire, maneeuvre
to outflank Maharajpoor, and in the interim advance
his artillery, or do as he did—carry the batteries at
once. lie preferred the latter ; indeed, there seems
to have been no two thoughts upon the subject. Ge-
neral Littler's column promptly attacked Maharajpoor
in front, and that of General Valiant having made a
short detour to the right to outflank the battery, de-
ployed and advanced to the right and rear of the posi-
tion, under a heavy fire. The two brigades met in
the village, driving all before them, and afterwards
carried two other batteries in succession, which
opened on them as that of Maharajpoor was silenced.
To have retired or halted would have checked

the ardour of the men, aed the hope of
the artillery being able to silence the fire of the Mah-
ratta batteries, protected as they were by mud walls,
and houses, was futile. There were no heavy
guns near, which alone could have destroyed the de-
fences of the enemy, and to have trusted to the light
pieces present would only have delayed what was in-
evitable at last. It is true, if the troops could have
made an extensive detour right and left, and left the
artillery to cannonade in front, some loss might have
been saved; but, again, the troops were already
within range, and the fire and loss already severe. To
have moved parallel to the batteries would have ex-
posed the flanks of the brigades ; the day was already
advanced, and the sun high; delay would have fa-
tigued the men in a heavy march through fields, and
those only who know the exhaustion consequent upon
such a movement can appreciate it properly. Water
was not to be had, probably, unless in the villages,
and therefore there was nothing left but at once to
make the dash which proved so brilliant and so deci-
sive. As it was, the action was not over till noon,
and with troops tired by manceuvres and detours, the
issue against enemies so well provided and so despe-
rate might have proved very different.
Sir Hugh Gough says he had underrated his ene-
mies, and the result proves that he had. When will
our Commanders do justice even in anticipation to
the resolution of native armies well provided with ar-
tillery ? At may rate, Sir Hugh Gough found them
made of very different stuff from the Chinese ; and if
he was not told by his staff, that whenever the Mah-
rattas were found their artillerymen and infantry
would defend their guns to the last, they were
strangely uncommunicative upon a point notorious to
every man who has the least experience of native sol-
diery. All Golundage or native artillerymen, whe-
ther Hindoos or Mahomedans, believe guns to be en-
dued with supernatural power; the Hindoos
especially, that they are incarnations, as it were,
of Bhowanee or Kalee. All guns are treated
with superstitious reverence ; all receive sanc-
tified names, expressive of their powers,
and to all divine honours are paid on occasion
of the Dussera, or other festivals. The loss of British

troops at Mehidpoor and Assaye was owing to them
alone, and the obstinate courage with which they were
defended by the Mahrattas on thole occasions ought
to have suggested more precaution than was exerted
on this. Leaving the action itself as a hurried, dash-
ing, gallant display of bull-dog courage, it is neces-
sary to revert to the previous day; and here it must
be owned that the Commander-in-Chief was wanting
in the best part of a general's duty—watchfulness.
The enemy was at Chounda, and, besides the precau-
tions I have before suggested, could not a couple of
light brigades have been thrown forward as soon as
possible
after Col. Gordon had been fired upon, to occupy
the villages in front of Chounda ? The Mahrattas
would not have attempted to manoeuvre their artillery
in the field, or if they could hare been drawn out, it
would have led to a more bloodless and more decisive
action. Their cavalry never crossed the river behind
Chounda ; their infantry was useless without their
guns ; and the whole might have been confined, for
the night at least, to the first position, for the attack
of which the Commander-in Chief's arrangements
were scientifically made. On consideration of the
whole, the enemy appears to have been the better
tactician of the two; and the scientific distribution
of his guns, and his advance from Chounda, prove the
originator of the movement, whoever he was, black
fellow or white, to have been a very clever fellow.
There were English deserters who served some Mah-
ratta guns, and who fell at them. One of these men
may have given opinions as to the disposition of force,
which were taken up and acted upon by the Mahrat-
tas. Altogether the action has been a sharp lesson to
Sir Hugh: and I hope will lead him to exert some

of his old Peninsular experience, which may
have been blunted in China. Sixty guns in
China would have been carried with a loss of
twenty men ; here we have had nearly 1,000 put
hors de combat. As to Sir Hugh, in the fight he ap-
pears to have been nowhere except in the thick of it,
cheering on the infantry up to the guns. I will not
say a word against this daring, except that it perhaps
might have been left to the generals of division. Had
Sir Hugh Gough more generally directed operations,
he might have made better use of his cavalry, which
were inactive, though burning for the fray, simply
from the circumstance of being told to hold their own,
and of not knowing exactly what to do or where to go.
The right brigade moved round the flank of Alaharaj-
poor, was met by a withering fire of grape from bat-
teries which it could not charge ; the left could not
get round Shikarpoor on account of the ravines ; and
it seems to be the regret of all, that so noble a force
had not an opportunity of charging with effect. The
enemy appears to have got well off. Driven from
Maharajpoor and Shikarpoor, they found protection
behind the third battery, and thence escaped through
the ravines across the Ahsin river, and so to Gwalior.
The cavalry could not cross that river, as the only pas-
sage was entirely blocked up, and pursuit beyond
Chounda there was none.

I do not notice General Grey's action, for it seems
to have been a more deliberate one, equally gallantly
fought, and with comparatively less loss, owing to
manoeuvres suggested by the enemy's position, and
most admirably executed after a long march in the
sun. Here some 4,000 men routed 12,000 with every
advantage of position, took their guns, and were only
prevented by darkness and fatigue from annihilating
the whole. Here again the Sepoys vied with the
Europeans in acts of daring, and excited the admira-
tion of all.

The Governor-Generals position on the field of
battle was noticed and blamed; at first it appeared
blameworthy, but not so now. He accompanied the
army, as did the ladies, on the march, and probably
was as little prepared for what followed as Sir Hugh
Gough. Having got, as it were, of a sudden into the
very thick of it, he could not run, but, like a gallant
English gentleman, as he is, kept his ground as the
brigades advanced. Some people choose to sneer at
his distribution of gold mohurs and oranges to the
wounded ; but take my word for it, his Lordship, of
his own tact, or of good advice, has found out the real
secret of popularity among the troops ; and though
you may say this is more necessary in a Commander-
in-Chief than in a Governor-General, he is not to be
sneered at for it, except when he makes blustering
proclamations, as he did when the Somnauth gates
were brought to Ferozepore. His Lordship was a
griffin then, as new-comers are usually termed here,
and did odd things, which have passed by. He has
again distributed sweetmeats by cartloads at Gwalior,
'and many a Sepoy has heartily enjoyed them, and
thanked his Lordship while splicing the mainbrace
in this simple fashion ; but we have no trumpeting
forth of the matter, and the object is gained which
was desired, and no room is left for persons to be
facetious about what nine-tenths do not understand.

At Gwalior matters have progressed to the con-
summation apparently desired without further fight-
ing, though some apprehensions were entertained of
further resistance at the capital, where there was a
large force and some 200 guns in position in the
various camps. The regular Gwalior contingent was
placed early in the fort, and some guns mounted to
command the camps. After a few days' negotiation,
Colonel Stubb, Sir Richmond Shakespeare, &c.,
brought the men of the Gwalior forces to terms,
their arrears were paid up, and to those discharged
three months' gratuity was given. The whole have
dispersed or are dispersing, except those who have
re-enlisted for the new contingent; and the once
factious, arrogant, and presumptuous Cumpoos of
Gwalior, which, with their4oo guns, were considered
invincible, are gone for ever. A new force under
English officers is to be forthwith enlisted, and
while it will prove an efficient protection for
the Gwalior State, and protect the country from in-
ternal revolt, it will further strengthen our interests in
Central India. It will be as large and efficient in a
short time as that of his Highness the Nizam, which
has hitherto preserved that important State from in-
ternal disquiet, supported the succession, and been
ready to afford aid on all occasions to the interests
of the Government of India. On the 20th of
January, the Governor-General having finished
his diplomatic employment seated the young Ma-
harajah on the guddee, with every ceremony, and
declared that he henceforth occupied it with the
full consent of the British Government, and having
done this, and generally set matters in a fair train,
his Lordship has left the rest to Colonel Sleeman,
and Governor Stubbs, and departed in the direction
of Calcutta, after two exciting months and two vic-
tories, adding further to his power in India, and to
his popularity among the native troops. The Gwalior
State has paid 26 lacs towards the expenses of the war,
so that the events which have occurred will be no
burden to the Company's treasury, and a native
report has it, that the Ranee has ordered the dis-
tribution of 60 rupees to each European, and 30 to
each native soldier, as a free gift from the State for
the moderation they have displayed, and the respect
of property which they have observed. There is,
perhaps, no truth in this. A division of six infantry
regiments, with some cavalry and artillery, under
General Littler, remain at Gwalior for the present, as
a precautionary measure, and the rest of the Army of
Exercise has broken up, and is moving on various
cantonments.
Now, with you many will cry for much praise of
Lord Ellenborough for his moderation in the hour of
conquest at Gwalior, and for not yielding to the
temptation of subverting a dynasty, and attaching
2,000,0001. sterling of revenue to the British Crown,
as they did blame when Sinde was taken possession
of; but I confess that, for one, I must express my
dissent, for if ever there has been a case of down-
right treachery and insincerity in India, it has been
the present. You are aware of my opinions upon
the Sinde acquisition, and they have not changed, nor
will change by the lapse of time. I thought that an
act of oppression and wrong, and I think so now ; but
the annexation of Gwalior, if considered as far as
we know of the circumstances, and I do not
know if any have not transpired, would have
been perfectly justifiable, that is, if the existing Go-
Government of the Maharanee was considered a a re-
sponsible one. I need not repeat the former history
of this State, nor how it gradually fell by a succes-
sion of weak and singular intriguing administrations
of women and young Rajahs, to a position in which
it almost voluntarily renounced independence by the
submission of every question of importance to the
British Government. I will not repeat, either, the
substance of the proclamations of the Governor-
General, which gave succinct but ample explanations
of the causes of disagreement. I can only say, that
when a semi-independent State like that of Gwalior
puts itself forward, not only in an attitude of
hostility, but of defiance, and at the same time
possesses such decided power of doing mis-
chief, some settlement of the numberless
breaches of treaty was imperatively necessary; and
as from the time Colonel Spiers left Gwalior, then
only on the failure of all negotiations to the present,
some six months had elapsed, the whole period being
occupied with correspondence, it was impossible to
bring the Court to reason without a display of force.
In most cases this has been effective, but not in the
present, though to all appearances for a time it was.
As the troops collected at Agra, the amicable pro-
testations of the Durbar became more earnest as
they advanced. The British demands not having
been complied with, the Khasgee Wallah was given
up. The Gwalior vakeels waited on the Governor-
General, a treaty was drawn up and signed, and the
place fixed for a meeting between the high powers.
Under the utmost professions of peace from the
vakeels the heavy artillery was dispatched back to
Agra, and the Governor-General prepared to move
forward. While all this was going on, the desire of
war at Gwalior became decided; preparations were
made ; messengers were sent into the independent
States of Pluttea, Shunsee, &c. • a correspondence
was maintained with Lahore, and ileera Singh moved
troops down the Sutlej to take advantage of any mis-
hap to us ; the Pindharees of the Nemawar districts
were summoned, and the troops and guns at the
capital were prepared for active service. At the very
time the Gwalior vakeels were with oily tongues as-
suring the Governor-General of peace, the Ranee and
the whole of the chiefs were actively preparing for
war, and as soon as the great object of the Mahratta
vakeels was effected. that of the dispatch of the heavy
guns to Agra, the Mahratta forces marched out.
Now the Governor-General calls the Mahratta
troops mutinous. They appear to me the very con-
trary. They marched out under the Ranee s own
orders (who personally upbraided those who appeared
to linger), and decorated with chaplets of flowers,
which she had sent for the officers and guns ; and
could she have gone herself, I suspect very much that
she would have done so. No one for a moment ap-
pears to have raised his voice against hostilities ; in
fact, all advised her to adopt the course which she
pursued, and for which she upbraids all in Durbar