The Sun.
London, England, 1821-01-19 00:00:00

I M PORTANT NEW NOVEL
In a few Days will be publislivel,'

• Tn Three Volumes, price I gs. in 1,0.4141,
THE REVUBLrCAN MISTRESS.
13 CH A RLOT I E SMITH.

Note.—The MSS. of the above is now revised by a Noble-
man, and published by his permission.
London : Printed for W. IVri.-ln9 46, Fleet-street:.

This Dew was published. price lt. Is.
SC HE MING; A. NOVEL. -In Three
• Volumes.
•
Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet,
T. run a muck; and tilt at sell I Meet ;
I only wear it in a land of liectors,
• Spies, Foil tioc-tionters, Hypocrites, game Rectors.
London : Printed fur Henry Colbut n and Co., Conduit-
,treet.

This DAy was published, prier

rIPHE EXCLUSION of the QUEEN from
" the LI'T'URGY, Historically and Legally considered.
• By A BARRisTER.
Lex est justortim injustortunque Dininetio. -
London : Printed for E-leury Butterworth, Law Bookseller,
7, Fleet-street, betweeu the Temple Gates.

This Day was pailished,
Vols. p.st Ftva. price 11, 11s. 6d. bnards,

I(ENI LW 0 RTH ; a Romance, by•the Author
id WM/MILKY, IVAN.IIOE, &c: r: •

Printed for Architiititi Constable anti Co. and John talcan,
tyne, Edinburgh; and Hurst, Robinson, and Co., 90, Cheap.
side, Lond . .

Of whom may he had, by the same Author,
I . The MONASTERY a Romance. 3 vols. lemo. Price
11. 4s. boards.
Q. The ABBOT, a Romance, 3 vols. I2mo. Price 11. 4s.
boards. ,

• • • This Day was published, •
In 14mn. ptice'ss.-in hoards, the First Volume of
ririE VILLA.GF PREACHER ; a Collection
-1- of short, plain Sertuons, partly original, partly se-
lected, and ac44,ted to Villtkc Instruction. -
• • By a CLERGYMAN of the CHURCH of ENGLAND.
Printed-for F. C. and .1. Rivingtott, 62, St. Paul's Church-
yard, and '3, Waterloo.place.
• Of whom May-he had, •

A UST of nearly 200..VOLtiMES of SERMONS, now
upon Sale, the greater pint of which have been published by
them exclusively.

BISHOP liOILLEY'S POSTHUMOUS WORKS.
This Day %vas published,
In Two Volutnes Bvo. price 18s. in boards, 'the Second
Edition, of , •
THE. BOOK of PSALMS ; translated from
the HEULtEW ; with NOTES, Explanatory and Cit,

By SAMUEL Hortsr,Ev, and
• - Late Lord' Bishop of tit. Asaph.
Printed for F. C. and .1. givington, tie, tit. Paul's Church.
Yard,. and 3, Waterloii place, Pall-Mall ; and 1.010 Man
hi
trst, Bees O', r,me, and'Brown, Patern4ter-roiv.
Of whom may he had,. by the same Author, •
BIBLICAL CBITIOSNI on the. First Fourteen Books of
the oLD TESTAMENT; also on the First Nine Prophetical
Books-; in Four 'Volumes, Svo. price 21. boat ds.

777 SUNDAY EVENING LECTURES.
This Diy was Published, in. 9vo. Price in hoards 7s-.
CUIRISTIAN MORALITY INDISPEN-
-1,...i. smut,: 0,-. JESUS CHRIST our Lord -and . our God.
us perfect' Man, a Pattern of Religious 'Virtue; -%%itl(ati occa-
sional Application tot he peculiar Circum,tanees',,f tlieTirn6;.
a Course of twtnty-suceessive Sunday Evening Lectures, on-
Texts selected by the Society for promoting Christian Knov-
ledge, preached in the Parochial Chapel of ST. NICHOLAS,
in the Borough of 1916 arid 1917.
-. By the Rev. THOMAS SCOTT,"I3.-1).
_ .

Of Magdalen College, Oxford, and Iteeror of Little Oakley.
Printrd for and .1. ltivington, No. 6-2, St. Paul's
Church Yard; and No. Watctlou Place, Pall-Mall.

Moor, F'S OLD ALMANA6CI-71t is said, that the
person who died lately bad so fat improved this
pamphlet,during the time that it
_was under his
management, that the sales exceeded 430,000
annually ; but.whitt is this compared to 'Messrs.,
SIVEM' 'RIGHTS, the ContraclorS tor the present
Lottery, who have so arranged as to have Nine
Prizes of 21,000 in one Scheme, a number never
114,ard..0r dreamt of before, and 'at. least three of
those 21,000L.PriZes must be -drawn Next Tues-,
day, as on that day the Lottery. begins.,
ALMOST iNcitComr, AND YET ,TRDE.--We.
were among a number who went on board the-
British schooner Parker,' Captain PUN.S, from
Jamaica, to see the sword of a Sword-fish. The,
sword appearSabout nine inches clear of the exit-
ing of the vessel, in the bilge, haVing ponetrated
through a four-inch plank. and sheathing,, passing
bet Ween the timbers and :through the cieling ;
had it-gone two inches farther it would have. pe-
netrated a hogshead of rum. 'We understand
Scenn ER, of Mnseuin,is to be
,the
pence of cutting the plank and cielinE,rtbro' which
the sword passed, for, the purpose of exhibiting
the whole, as a proof of the -wonderful and al-
most inc"redible Power of the Sword-fish. It is
probable the fish was aitacfeft.to the vessel for
several days, which protracted her passage to '3B
days from Falmouth.—(Boston Paper.)

PRQTECTION TO AGRICULTURE.

Sneed Park, sth Jan. Isii. •
„
SI-11"-Sonr.„ unialown fr:=lnd liavittg 4a.nsmit-
d .to me The Btick inghain:s•hire Chronicle of
io 3011 i Peceilibo last, containing a it tter from

Lord NUGENT to—Mr. 8.1 KER.; of Kdstock, one of
the Committee of the ,13uckin4i1h-.:n Agricultulal
Association, I am induced to off,sr the several
Agricultural AssOciations a few observations
his'L'Ordship's letter to that Gentleman. not .fOr
the purpose =lcing any public attack on thalNo-
blemanorhqse talents and condescending suavity
'of manners all who have the honour to know must
admire, Litt, because it not answered and -e
plained, the just weight and iniluencb due to his-
Lordship's sentiments in that county might damp,
the ardour, and neutralise the energies of those
who are contending for their very existence, in
resisting- the admission of foreign productions,
duty=free, into this country ; which is at once the,
source of all the evils under which this great, in
and spirited nation is now labouring,
and h iCh is at this moment bpnding to the dust

the ieadiug article, the main .sprink .Of her-
wealth; her industry, and her power, viz. her.
Agriculture. " The Petitioners appear to
me • (says the Noble. Lord) to contemplate
the causes of their distress :at the wrong end.
Farmers are. sutfering, not 'because their pro-
ductions are too cheap, but becaUse the
means of producing them are too dear. The more
cheaply the food of man can be -supplied surely
the better, if it is raised at a rate which will af-
ford a fair profit to him who raises
In reply to theSe observations, I shall begin by
most respectfully inquiring of that Noble Lord,
by what standard ,he measures the words, " too
cheap. and too dear?". Because. cheap and dear
are relative and not positive terms.; and if he
mean,, on a.comparison of this country with Rus-
sia or with Poland, to say•the means of produc-
ing.our crops are too clear,l reply, the compari-
son.will mot hold, and that. the surest test of the
superior wealth and prosperity of this country,
on a comparison with every other country in time
world, was the superior value which produce of
every description obtained in this.country,
yond every other nation we can name ; and the
.criterion whether this superior value. arose from
prosperity, or. from being..too dear, was,- Could
every manufacturer, master and • workman,
merchant, artificer, agriculairal labourer, and
workmen. of all descriptions;--afford to pay
such superior. price of produce by their la-
b Our, anti - after ,all. enjay: taoFg of the
veniences and comforts. of life than men of simi-
lar degrees in any other country in the world ?

affirm—and .I. appeal to every man's experience

for the truth.of this position, Who -seeks his living
by skill,, capital, and industry, that up to-1813,
and previously to the opening of the ports for fo-
reign p,roductions duty-free, every man could and
did purchase and enjoy a greater portion of the
conveniences and luxuries of life,, and that too of
a superior degree to what he ,could do in any
other country in the world,--,-by means of his own
industry,
,and.yet pay-for his subsistence at the
fair and natural -cost, of production previous to
and up to 1813 ; and, therefore, I contend,: in
oppositidh to the sentiments expressed by the
N obi. Lord, that on a comparison .with the state
and condition of this country, and of every well-
disposed and industrious man,'woman„and.child,
which constituted its population previous to and.
up to 1813, the eApence of our-productions was
not too dear, to leave-the nation in full possessioa
of a greater share of proSperity and personal en,
joyment than any other people ever before attain-

ed. And what; disturbed' this happy state of,
things? Nothing in the world, but a littrilar
mistake in those little worth cheap and dear into
hich I humbly contend the Noble Lord has,
fallen. The bulk of mankind seem to forget
that they must take the effect- of those little
wards cheap and dear, for better for worse,
as they do their wives; for they cannot separate
the cons,equences of either of them to them-
selves. -
Manki►►d seem to 'me to covet what they never

can obtain, viz. a country w-here every thing they
want to purchase shall be cheap, and every thing
they want to sell shall be dear. But this ice
physicallv,, and atithmetically impossible.;
thejaws of gravitation. have forbade it.. For if
with my corn and. cattle,, or the amount thereof
when sold, I pay the merchant and manufac-
turer for my sugar and cloth, and they by arti-
ficial means,. by the boport of
,grain an 41 wool
duty-free into this country, shall degrade-. my
corn and cattle below their, natural standard of.
value, the injury ,must,recoil upon themselves, as
the present state of tlais great nation emphatically
proves ; and to this little error does this coun-
try owe all het- sufferings ;- all, therefore, that is
wanting to reanimate this country to: greater
prosperity and splendour than she ever before.en-
joyed, is to restore a due equilibriumto her,agrb,
culture, her commerce, and her manufactures."—
But, says: the Noble Lord, ," That the depres-
sion now so universally fi,•Jt, by agriculturists,
(and avhich ,inust. if it con tin.ue lerminate at no
%pry distatit period in general bankruptcy,) can-
not receive evert temporary .mitigation from du-
ties on fen-elan corn2 or fronk a prohibition, en im-
-0 . .
pprtation, appears to Hue to require no clearer:
proof thau,this, that for now k•onsiderahly more
than a. year no corn has been imported, except
oats,.an4 yet that the price of wheat and other
grain has been falling, and the distress of the far-
mer increasing-during the vrhole of that period."
Would,asks the Noblei,ord,"the'price of our home
proctucr= for the last year have been increased by
enacting a forced price upon- a foreign -aracie
which was never brought into our market; or by

a prohibition on the .importATion of goods that
tiever. Were shipped for our patis?"
I answer, Yes, my Lord, it would ;,and fer the'
following raisons. Thirty millietis of bushels. of
gain were imported, duty4ree.,• during the:last
opening of the ports, which closed on • the. 15th.
day'of February; 1819, which' Produced an excess
to that extraordivary amount in • the natural;s4,
ply of grain for that, period beyond, the natural
and accustomed demand, and being, imported on;
an average of 501. per cent. below what it could:
be groWn for in this country, the holders of such;
corn Could play with our markets at pleasure,:
and ruin the. growers here; while they could make
a liVing profit by their sales: Now such
has by this time been either all sold and con-,
sinned, or it has net I 'N.1,41l allow either position'
.to be trite in the present arguinent; WhicheVer the
Noble Lord likes best; for, if it has:been all sold
and consumed, then has it supededed the con
sumplion of thirty millions of blishelS of grain
our; home growth which is now lingering in the
market; and, standing over for sale: to the sue-
ceedingyear, has produced the present depreS-1,
slow; or, if :it has not been already sold and
etnisumed, then is such • fOreign grain still
lurking in on: markets, and. that has ,equally
produced ' this effect. Id great bodies ef-
fect does not ;instantaneously folio* . cause
we observe in the heavenly bodies that spring
tides are occasioned by the conjunction of the snit
and moon. with the earth, yet the, effect of this
corjunction is not felt until the fifth tide•after
the cause which produced it'has passed. So with
the import of so large a prdportion.of grain over
and above what Was necessary for the uie of this
country as thirty; millions of Mishels 1 Its effect;
has never been in full operation until this mo-
ment, and now coming in Cooinnetion with a good.
harvest last year, it has produced all .the baneful
consequences to,tins country ''ender which she is
labouring ; and every man 'coocerned in ag,rful,
Lure is gravitating under the deg-radatiOn in 'mine
Which such import haS produced iti every species
Of his otber produce. But, says the Noble Lord,
'the Petitioners appear to me to contemplate The
causes
.of• their .distress at the,Wrmig ent.l%
Now, if that Noble Lord, had only conde-
seended to point out to' the petitioners in
his letter to Mr. Baker any other available
end than that 'which they are now pursuing, in-
stead of writing so elaborate a letter •to that
y - „
Gentleman, evidently intended tp paraze all
the efforts of, the PetitionerS; I am certain .the
Petitioners, to a man, would lia;re hailed
him as their 'deliver'ar,. and the preserver of
hiS " country, and his name :would have been
celebrated with gratitude its long. as the plough
shall be in use. For I submit to the -coriSL
deration of that Noble Lord, that the Petitioners'
case is. Simply this----the whole of their stock and
produce is charged with the payment of certain
rents, tithes, taxes, and impositions, which have
all grown up together, during, the exclusion of
foreign produce, except to a Very inconsiderable
amount, for a. period of twenty. years,; and
iThove-all, they are ch'arged with the. maintenance
of the
.poor • Whoa) they cannot now employ:
They then. ..conceiv'e,.that, not content with
provisions at' the ,::51tatival price at which the
natural supply an4', derriand of this" coun-
try can render ilfe,to,7---the merchants and
manufacturers,first -.ePposed..sir Henry Par,
Hell's .1311.1 in 1814 for their protection; and then
,succeeded. iii 1815-in reodering a. Bill intended
for their security, of, little
.Or no protection at
all ; and fending themselves uaerly.tinable to pay
their rents, tithes, taxes, 'and impositions, and
above all, to maintain the poor they ,cannot em-
ploy,ns long as they are liable to7competition in
their ow irowerS not liable to such
charges, they humbly pray the Legislature to ex-
amine their allegations, and if found true, 'then,
but not otherwise, that a countervailing duty,
equal to tin, difference Of ex:penee in the.produc-
tion bet‘,v‘een this ,country and - poorer ones,-may
be imposed on the 44011 of all productions sirni,
far to those of -our own soil, without:which, the
productions of Our own soil will, they,contend,
at no, distant_ period, degrade beloW the :value
.even of the impositions, to which they are liable.
.Now, Slr,,acCording to my humble comprehen-
sion,. OTI vieiving all the circumstances in.which
the Petitioners
,are placed, this is not Only the
most:natio:4 and, :Obvious, but the only .safe,
h0n0,41.41)1e,, aful:4-eaLtal mode of relief which
J.,an., be devised. NeVertheless, if .the .Noble
.Lord, ThavingthUS po,blidy pronounced that the.
;Petitioners; appear to lihn,to contemplate the.
,causes.of their distress at the wrong end, will only:
-condescend .to
.inform thorn-Which is the right
end, -mi'der all the ,Clrcurnstances in which
,they are placCd,.. and hoW'..they. rxiaY
:legally, and honourably get-rid of their engage,
inents,. or •:be .!enabled to, fulfil. then", 4. for one,
:will .bet.ho first' to hail ;The Noble Lord' at the
deliverer .of: the farmers; froth 'the most 'heart-
rendingl situation which any honest and intim,.
triOus,,class, or men. Were ever before placed, and
finally7aCknowledge' him to be the'restorerof his
! country to prosperity,:industry, and afflnence.
-'123,0t the Noble: Lord has imputed the. dlitreiseS
of. the country eo over taxation: irr,
Meut, admit' this to be true,: •Are the 7farrners..to
blatne-lor'.that Arid can 'the "Noble Lord'be
sincere in:this- opinion,`• and have it believed- he
has investigated this qnestion td the bottom, when
he refuses. his assent roll-le-only mode by 'which
it is possible .lO.equalize this: imputed. Over taxa.;
tion on'everSOoranch of sicill,!cavital,• and indus,
try in the kingdom ?. 'FOr it is cleat terdernon,
stration, that in:, exact proportion as foreign!, firb
'duce shall be admitted- into, this country duty
free, must the consumers be exonerated from-
-their due propor lion of this over taxatinnl and the

cl.; va rs. qf Mit; intrilleoetttrith

- 7 • •
p:opOiliOncf,tin't d?)v tax.ati-on;:+4.hicft they
are, by ttlis3tneAtitci fvnderea the less
able to-rlisttintr4ez,:-ityl,aii. noW'e..i of
4.1 01, frora.'og GUI tere-lias -bee ni s taine4
to lie nearlyiti4 fOur t.tickne:coniTiared -with our'
commerce. and want: fticti4re4 0r.1,4i; 4.k to
un,A;atural and ,artiticial pre..ssure:on-t4tir
ore:from the elnict.ol:fOreign import, d4-ty:tree,
on the prices cif all •'agri.i;altttra(prthitictiltrs,
prOduceli all the ~dist.ress Our
marchtints, manufacturers; avid tradeoineir,
'laic ro longFr the supply 'of ectintry.as
Great Britain- was, before ,ti iniPort- 6f- fwweigit
productioS t i suolt-ahundance "oss thcl-:ll;iv'e.breit
afirnitted, duty free,. eince the -peace ; a.tilf:tbey
willii,ever find stich another tuar'i.et,.ulitil lite.jul..
port of every Production -we:can TalSr. frOui our
own so 1T shall as fairly protected•bY the laws
as their own skill, capittil,:tl.rid labour,lyrre beeri
proteCted by the laws di this-tcitintry for the fast
3.59 years. . ,
- Could I hope to citain the ear. of that:44.°We
Lord, 1 would respectfully stibmit to lihrY, 'that
by means of the irn.port of rasttt of wool; of
hides, of tallow, and other agrienittira! produc.",

tions, duty-free, or at inadequate duties; the seS,:,
tato of his most noble, family itrt..degrl-,.ded; -at
least 25 per cent. in. valde since the peace ;- that
the whole 'systein of the, present Corn taws i 4
nothing more than a. contrivance' of th,e_mertbant4
and manufacturers to adthit; 'pet. • Salturn, such
quantities of.foreign grain, duty-free, ai.should
.not only enable the former to reali2-/v enorntou§
profits by the impdrt; but 1.,..-SP:the wages of
bour so loVi in "this country; that The latter rzli:;t;t
undersell the whole world With their cornir:'idi-
ties in foreign markets r ant! in: Itturripting this,
they calculated, thqt the gretit landowners of tiii;s
country.were too inattentive' to their own .
'rests, and the farmers in' general tOo-ep,regiOns
!thickheads to trace acrd' discover- elirecrOf
such machinations. But the et-re.tt has dikcictied
the. fraud, and lags recoiled tip'on themselvt:s ill a
.manner they little expected, and low otca,.3iiju's
the whole of the embarrassmeitt ttthler .:‘4lqch
every class of the community; :seitYlOg• a • 'hell-
hood- by skill; capital, and itithistry,

As however it is too much for an hurnhle
mytelf to expect, that his tleasoning
will ha'e much influence with the Np'ble.l..,%Orti,
will conclUde "the.se remar;s With Sore of 4:ne
'most profound retlecti.,, roicattre to be
in one of the ntiist profoUnd writers ori, Ic)frlit-l.cal
Economy that this or any other country has „eye('
produce'd ;• trnd to.the most attentive con'sl4qa-
tion.of that .Nohle Lortl do venttire rcptp-
mend the obierv.ations,„Which quote_Adam Smith.: .

. .
, .
pubic lin these remarks ..1..a;1
• My abject in
been to fortify and to stinfUlate the eXeriPziris, of
te'Petii.ioners. in the jttst and necessary conllict
in which . they are .engag'ed; and to rei rwv.c ariy
doubts in their Minds which the ela'borate.
of the Noble .Lord mulct I,...:77.pr'oataced
I :succeed
my labefur ; anti' to themiti.a,spzitticular,.manne,r•
I recommend the serious considcratiet of.
observatiOns.,
" The , lands of no cot dry Ad„arp
Smith), it.is evident, can ever be completely cul-
tivated and improved, till. once the price of every
produce; which. human industry, Is
_obliged to
m, raise upon the. has got .so..high, aslo.pay_for
the expense of complete itnprolernent.,a4d.‘l43,lti-
vation. In, order to do this., the priqe,..9tt4Ch.
particular produce must be sttiliCierrt,.hrst.,,to,pay
the rent-Of:good corn land as it is that. w4ioit-
•
regulates the rent of the..-greger part 0.,,r,..et:h..er
cultivated lands; ,and.
_secoudly3.to: pay
bout and expence of the fanner, as well.aS they
are commonly,
_paid upon good,corn; in

other words, to replace. :uith.the,,ordinar,y. profits
the stock whirh he employs about;
in the price of each partioulnrproducernarst,eci,
dent)), be.previous to the improvement and..cal,
tivationof theland.whi.ch is destined for. r.;rising
it. Grain is the end of al.t improvement, a;440-
thing could deserve that parce ,of which ic;sss.was
to be the necessary coniegnenee. Rut
.loss. .must
be the'necessary Coniequence of im,proving.J.zo,cl
for the sakiof .a produce of prjc4.
could .never . bring tr.ck: the
.exponce.- •if „the
complete improvement. cultivation. ofs.„tlie
country be, as itinost certainly is, 047:greatest-of
all public advantages, this ri.!se itt.the price. of ,atl
those ditrerent sorts of rude produce, instead ,of
being considered as a public calamity.,. ought
le-reTirded as the necessary forerunner, and at.
'tendatit of the yrcatest public
" This rise, t 00,.. in th n e olnitlal Or' .r,tviit.% -.
price:of all. those different sorts of rwle pr:Jdt,c::
:has.been the effects not of any-degradation in tie,
ivalue of silvyr, but of ,a rise in their
They have, becerne..worth,.,!lot . unly
,a „greater
quantity of: silver,, but a greater quantity :of
'hour avid'subsistence. than before ,As it co us
'!4-reAter quantity ,of labour and suts.v..telicez.to,
bring them to.market, s 9 vv he y rrc nought,
'thither, they represent. er.;are,:equivalent-tv a
greater quantity. Ti.

, .
bate tlo.,t}oi)unt to be, Sir, -vont irost sest'ant,
(;•F',o. 1,7,1111 !IA 1,1„.
Chwirthati ennreoittit
- • :of MaiN-;e,r ev,t 44,•,c •

.. . .
• The venerable gothic tbi.ver 'Of.-Aff
Charch,at..Plotherlistm; in .Yoiklsbi'r, is abotit tO'
ilave 'a .gratitl•pearcf \isbieh are' tio.'Y
casting
Atitienhiect),To'cif London.'
yVhitehouieytaliont tivo Milos i.rof:,4
Bridge has been committed to York (.4stie,
charged with the inurdet of histireth'e'r
80T604 AIASO.Nr