The Sun.
London, England, 1826-08-21 00:00:00

MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 21, 1826.

at least, exist ; in other words, that there are not many strong
labouring men for whose services there is no adequate demand, anti
wins cannot be employed upon any productive labour that will pay
the expenses of production ; and if any 'person should feel alarm,
that under the operation of such a measure,
too great a proportion
of the population might he abstracted, they may rest amured not
only that this measure can he suspended or limited at any time,
but that in point of fact it has that suspensive power within itself;
for, whenever there should exist at home an adequate demand for
the services of able-bodied men out of employ, whether from the
increase of productive industry, or from the der/tends of war, or
froth any other cause, there would he no longer a temptation to
emigrate. . .

"It is also observe& that with such a system in regular and
effective operation, no inconvenience could ever again result to this
country from a temporary stimulus being given at any time to the
population which could not
Permanently be sustained. It .must
not be forgotten, in a comprehensive view of such a system, that
the pauper,lor, whose labour no remuneration can be afforded at.
home, will be transmitted by this process into an independent pro-
prietor, and at no distant pet iod will become a consumer of the
manufactured articles of his native country; DM, the other
hind, can any calculable period be ass'igiied for the termination of
such a, system, until all the colonies of the British empire. are satu-
rated, and millions added to thOse who speak the English lan-
guage, and carry with them the liberty and
_the laws and sym-
pathies of their native country.
" Such a system would direct the tide of emigration towards
parts of the British empire which must be considered as integral,

!hough separated by geographical position. The defence of there
colonial possessions would be more easily supplied within them-,
selves, and their increasing prosperity would not only relieve the
mother country from pecuniary demande that are now indispens-
able, but that prosperity in its re-action would augment the
wealth and the resources of the mother country itself."
`The number of emigrants sent out in 1823, was 182
men, 14,3 women, 57 boys between fourteen and eighteen,
and 186 children under fourteen, forming together an ag-
gregate of 568. The expenee.aclually incurred for this
emigration amounted to 12,5931. 35., which was at the
rate of 22/. 16.6 d. per head; the estimate on which the
vote was taken, was at the rate of 80/. per family, taking
the proportion of a man, a woman, and two children for
each family. That estimate had been calculated with re-
Terence to the following details:,--a man 35/., a woman
25/., two children 14/. each, forming a total of 88/., from
Which a deduction had been made of a little more than
nine per cent., on the supposition that a combined emigra-
tion would be found to be less expensive than an indivi-
dual case ; but the total absence of all previous prepara-
tions, and a high rate of passage, carried the actual ex-
pence beyond the estimate. It will, however, be observ-
ed; with respect to the emigrants actually sent out, that
the men were beyond the proportion estimated ; if that
proportion. had been preserved, the numbers would have
been 142 men, 142 women, end 284 chil4ren, .conse-
quently the actual expellee Would have been 12,496/. in-
stead 0f.13,3471., and, in that case the positive excess over
the estimate would have amounted to 1,1361. Various
reasons have induced your Committee to make the ealcu.
lations at the rate of 201. per head; in making their cal-
culations at that rate, which has peculiar, relation to. the,
colony of Upper Canada, your Committee beg it may 'be
distinctly understood, that an opinion is not expressed
that an emigration might not be carried on to Upper
Canada at a still less rate of expenee; for by taking
the proportion in nal* family at three children, which
your Committee have reason to believe would be found
to be a more accurate proportion than two children to
each family, the, ixpence would nocessvily.lereduceci

proportiplu. 404,44,44,0 k,,.
Rut your Committee are also of (Tinton, that previous arrange-
ments, contracts upon en extended scale. especially if made for a
series of years, and order and method introduced into the whole of
the system, would enable a less sum to effect that which has been
actually effected in the ease of the emigration of 1823, where no
facilities existed, except in time assistance of the local government
of Upper Collects, and in the zeal and exertions of the superin•
teudent, Mr. Peter Robinson.
Your Committee would also observe, that the calculation of ex
pence must necessarily vary it every different colony ; it would be
diminished in Lower Canada, in new Brunswick, in Nova Scotia,
and Prince Edward's Island ; but if 80/. be taken as the maxi-

mum expense necessary to. convey one man, one woman, and two
children, only to Upper Canada, and if the evidence should show
that " that maximum," can he repaid, it follows, a fortiori, that
any minor expence can be repaid with greater ease.
With respect to New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land,
the distance naturally creating so much additional expence in the
passage, the ealciditions applicable to North America in no degree
whatever apply to these Colonies. With respect to the Cape, the
emigration contemplated has been an emigration of labourers
rather than of Colonists ; which equally makes the cal-
culation of Upper Canada
,inapplicable, to that colony. Your
CoMmittee hive supposed that the sum of SOL could be raised on
annuity of a 10s. 9d. for sixty years, interest being taken at four
per cent. ; and under the supposition that such an annuity could
be raised, their inquiries were directed to the question, whether,
supposing that the payment of such an annuity for the first seven
years were secured, the situation of the emigrant head of a family
would be such as to enable him to Midertake the payment of this
annuity for the remainder of the period, in liquidation of the debt
contracted for him for his removal from the mother country to the
colony, and this without any prejudice or inconvenience to himself,
it being provided, as a necessary collateral arrangenient, that he
might redeem that annuity at any time on the common principles
of redemption, thereby freeing his land from the charges which
otherwise would contingently attach to it.
An examination of the evidence before your Committee will
show that a large majority of the evidence which has been ob..
tained upon this subject is in favour of such a repayment being
practicable, and that there would be little difficulty in collecting
it, provided it were to be clearly explained that it was in the na-
ture of a repayment of a debt contracted, rather than in the cha-
racter of tent for land. It will also be found to be generally stat-
ed, that in the case of an emigrant leaving the land at the expira-
tion of seven years, when the repeyMent brthe terms of the pro-
position would commence, the improvement of his cultivation for
seven years would make the land itself an adequate security for
such repayment.
It may be necessary to mention in this place, that, with respect
the emigrant, your. Committee never
to the sum advanced by
contemplated all'actual repayment of money to be transmitted to
England, but a payment which should be applied in the Colony
for purposes which it is now necessary to deffay exclusively from
the funds of the mother country. In pursuing the subject' in
this point of View, your Committee were not only influenced by
the consideration of the advantage of securing a practical rePay-
ntent of any money which' might be' *applied froM the national
funds for, this national object, but Also by the conviction that the
industry of the 'emigrant woad he more effectually stimulated and
confirmed by subjecting him to the repayment of the greeter part
of the debt inetirrtd, the particulars and trimmer which debt
could ha distinctly explained to hini,previously to his beiug re-
ceived as a catididate for emigration, and which debt, if it be duly
analyXed, will not be found to differ in principle 'from any other
debt which may
be incurred by any individual for the object of
bettering his own condition and that of him family
The inquiries of your Conimittee were then directed to the con-
sideration, whether the payment of the enmity for the firat period,
namely, seven years, Could he obtained from those parties at home
who *ere' specially benefitted by 'the removal of the redundant
population. Your committee feel it hardly necessary to observe,'
than the easel of Englanil, Ireland, and 'Sentlemil; essentially differ
from each other in this respect: In England, the poor rate affords
' an immediate fund which: eau be made applicable to the tepaytnent
of any expence incurred for emigration : the evidence of Mr.
Hodges, the Chairinart of the West Kent Quarter Sessions, is so
copious and satisfactory upon this subject, that your Committee
have only to call the particular attention of the House to it ; and
although Mr. Hodges' observations are limited to to a particular
district in Kent and Stiesti, it Will he found that the principle will
apply gentially Wally part of England where e redundant
lation'is found to exist. In 'Scotland a poor rate exists, though
I la modified by. local circumstances, and so varying in its PrectiCal
execution, as to make it very doubtful whether it could be' made

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