The Sun.
London, England, 1844-05-29 00:00:00

00.41•41...
MA ITRITIUS.—Fine yellow at 648 to 655, good 62s to
635, middling 60s to 61s 6d, low 58s to 598 6d, and
co mraon to fine brown 52s to 57s per cwt.
BAST INDlA.—There has been an improved demand
for• .Bengal Sugar, and rather higher rates have been
given; Manilla 178 to 225, and Java 18s to 248 per cwt.
YO2EIGN.—For yellow Havannah Sugar rather higher
rates have been paid. White Havannah all taken in
&acme the value, middling to good at 26s 61 to 29s 2d,
wad ordinary 25s 6d to 265. For Brazil full prices have
boett given ; good yellow Bahia at 198 for refining here
umber bond, and small parcels of low to good white at

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
PROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
GLOBE.-s-A general impression seems to pervade
the public mind, and especially that portion of the
community most conversant with the administra-
tion of the" justice of the country, that the
time has arrived for the abolition of Grand Juries.
The Grand Jury of the last session of the
Central-Criminal Court made a presentment to this
effect on: appearing in Court at the termination
of their duties, for the purpose of being formally dis-
charged. With the opinion thus communicated,
the presiding JUdge expressed his concurrence. The
Grand Jury of Surrey made a similar representation
this morning, on appearing in Court with their last
bills. The views expressied by the latter body were
expressed in the following.terms :
resent
"It is the opinion of the Grand Jury, in the p
improved mode of administering theustice of the coun-
try, that the institution of a .Grand Jury, though at the
time of its introduction of great value, is now not only
unnecessary, but actually injurious to the public
interests.
" First : Because the careful investigation of the cases
by the committing magistrates, assisted by professional
men, who (where the cases are heavy) appear on the
part of the prosecution, and for the defence of the pri-
soner, has already sifted 'The evidence ; thus rendering
another intermediate inquiry wholly unnecessary.
" Secondly The opportunity afforded by the inter-
vention of a Grand Jury between committal and trial
for tampering with the witnesses, often causes the ,
evidence given before the Grand Jury to differ from
that given by the witnesses Wore the magistrates. It
is thus frequently changed both in its terms and ten-
dency. The bill is, consequently,' ignored through a
deficiency, of evidence ; the operation of the law is
obstructed ; and the guilty party escapes by means of
the very institution which is designed to aid in the
administration of justice.
"Thirdly: The province of the Grand Jury is often
abused.. t Bills-are preferred, and accusations made, the
grounds of -which hare not undergone previous investi-
gation by magistrates. Such proceedings are often
proiapted byan expectation of extorting money from the
parties accused, or to subject them to expense and annoy-
ance for the purposes of revenge.
" For these reasons' the Grand Jury consider their
functions as no longer beneficial; that they are often in-
jurious, and might be Safely dispensed with."
The Chairman of the bench expressed, in strong
terms, an opinion, that the change alluded to is
worthy the consideration both of the Legislature and
the Government; especially as similar views had
been recently expressed by other grand juries.
The institution of a public prosecutor—to whom,
or to his deputies, the evidence in each case should be
submitted previously to trial, and by whom the pro-
ceedings should be instituted and the prosecution car-
ried on—would be a salutary substitute for the Grand
Jury. The classes out of which the Grand Juries
are now taken might be most beneficially, associated
with•theif fellorv-eitizens from whom the Petit Juries
are selected. Thus the intellectual elements of the
latter 'Would be improved; and the public administra-
tion of justice in the Criminal Courts of the country
raised:in character and improved in efficiency.
STANDARD.—The buildings designed for a col-
lege for the cultivation of " modern languages and
literature" have just been completed at Oxford, and a
prospectus of the plan and design of the proposed in-
stitution has been issued. We have not been so
fortunate as to see a copy of this prospectus,
which-is made the subject of unfriendly cri-
ticism -by the Times ; but we think that in the cri-
tique itself of our contemporary we find proof
that our, contemporary is unjust. The principal
groundsof the Times complaint is, that " A rule is
laid down entirely prohibiting all entrance upon the
subject'ofreligion in the academical study of these
[the modern] languages. Religion appears to be
considered—upon that easy liberal theory which has
severed the connection between religion and know-
ledge in all other branches—to have nothing to do,
with -modern literature ; and accordingly an ex-
press rule is inserted, involving very clearly this
principle:" Now -surely there is here a very un-
fair inference drawn from a rule which plainly
understood, appears to be unexceptionable. The
" College,of Modern Languages and Literature" is
not a substitute for, but an auxiliary to, the estab-
lished system of University education, of which it will
not be disputed that it is properly careful of the reli-
gious instruction of the young men subjected to it.
There is not, we are happy to say, one college
or hall, in Oxford in which a sound Scriptural
education, in the pure doctrines of the Church
of. England, is not a principal, we may with
gratification say, the principal object of instruc-
tion in. -the undergraduate course. At Oxford,
therefore, no merely auxiliary instruction can be
charged -with effecting that divorce between learn-
ing and .religion which the Times seems to appre-
hend. The young men will go to the Col-
lege of _Modern Languages and Literature in-
structed, and (as far as human teaching
can confirm them) confirmed Protestant Christians,
to learn,- it may ba the French, German, Italian,
Spanish, modern Greek, or whatever other modern
language may be there taught, and which they may
wish to learn, just as they might go to a school of
riding or fencing, or swimming or music, not to
receive religious instruction, or to learn to slight
religion, but to acquire an accomplishment with
which properly doctrinal • religion has no con-
cern. Every Christian, no doubt, feels the force
of: the apostolic injunction, that " whatever we do,
all must be done to the glory of the Creator"—
but this contemplates ends, not details, and
the best men daily do a hundred things with
which they would deem it a fearful irreverence to
rssocia`e a direct allusion to the truths of religion.
Now to us it appears, that between the philology of
modern languages and religious truth there is no ne-
cessary a Inflexion, any more than there is between
religious truth and riding the great horse, driving,
swimming, or fiddling. There is, therefore, no impro-
priety in-exchid:ng rehgieus discussion from a strict
L..urse cif philological study, which, let it be constantly
remembered, is pursued concurrently with a separate
course- of careful religious study, and in subordina-
tion to. it. The Times, indeed, seems to feel that the
merely philological course of study proposed in the
Collegesof "Modern Languages and Literature" will
riot support its censure ; and therefore, by an artifice,
which.sve cannot help regarding as an unworthy one,
tries enlarge the sphere of study at the new
college; .to the whole field of letters. " The
whole field. of mo lern literature, it must be
Swerved, is a pretty wide ground entirely to
gisconpept with: religion in this way ; and the
misfortune' is,-too, ,that it does not stop with itself,
but drags other de.partments into the same serape."
'lhis is a.pnor fallacy. The College for the Cultiva-
tion of Modern Languages and Literature, plainly
intends no more than such cultivation as is already
t‘ston,,cd upon classical literature; from which latter
cultivation it will, we presume, be admitted, religious
discussion is and ought to be excluded, for though
Our contemporary may not understand the
distinction, our Universities have always sepa-
rated religious and profane literature as anxiously
in their study, as they have been careful to unite
them in the student. It is indeed the unhappy corn-
bination of these two naturally distinct, and in value
immeasurably unequal objects of study, in one and the
same-pursuit, which in early times paganised Christi-
anity into Romanism. May we not fear that the Pl atoni-
Clam made fashionable by the late eccentric Mr. Cole-
ridge, -and mixed with religion by his followers, is
exercising through the Tractarians a like injurious in-
fiueneolpon Protestantism ? They surely are mistaken
who think that the sun of truth can be assisted by
such dim tapers as even the brightest lights of human
genius. Who would illustrate the Pentateuch by
•Herodotus and Lucretius, the Psalter by Pindar and
'lloraoe, and the Prophets and the New Testament
ly Plato and Cicero? As witnesses to historical
_sects, 'the writers of Greece and Rome are use-
ful 10p, to religious education, but to allow them
to mix ,as teachers—to make their dogmata the
to bf "religious discussion," were a grievous sin.
'The ease of classical education, then, clearly
:proves the possibility, and in particular instances the
necessity, of separating many branches of study from
an intermixture with
."religious discussion ;" and the
only question that can arise is, whether "modern lan-
' uag,ea and ditiurtiture" ought not to be so separated?
For:ourselvei"*e have no doubt upon the point. We
s know of no single book in any modern language which
I could properly be made the textbook of religious instruc-
• tion for members of the United:Church of England and
Ireland. , There are many excellent theological books
in the French language, from De Moroni to D'Au-
' hignes with which we, perhaps, might not quarrel, but
• We should be slow to recommend them to an Oxford
college. As to the other languages of continental
. Europe, they are, as respects theology, a perfect blank
to the. English Protestunt, except the crazy literature
of Germany, which, with its rationalism on one side,
- • and its platonicism on the other, and its cold-hearted
• infidelity, the foundation of both, is worse than a
lanks—it is a labyrinth of traps and pitfalls. There
is, therefore, an utter want of books in the modern
languagea to supply topics of religious discussion ;
ant if books were forthcoming, where are the
teachers ? The use of a college of modern lan-
, guiges' is to teach men, not merely to read modern
languages, but to write those languages and to speak

THE POOR-LAW COMMISSION

REPORT.

The Poor-law Commissioners for Scotland have
had their report presented to the House of Commons.
Public attention has long been attracted to the issue
of these appointments. The people at large, looked
to obtaining a more uniform and equitable mode
of assessing for the poor, and more ample provision for
them.. A considerable portion of the ratepaying
minority, on the other hand (or those rather who should
pay rates but do not), with the expectation of no change
being permitted, have waited with equal anxiety that
they may continue as they are doing, to absorb for their
own use that portion of the national property which in
reality belongs to the poor, and which is the first claim
that should be paid from all property whatever.
The object of the Government, by institut-
ing this inquiry, undoubtedly was to meet
the demands of these desiring a change, but
from the report before us, there is no prospect
that any change will be effected, at least on authority
of the Commission. By selecting. Scotchmen exclu-
sively, by constituting two-thirds of the Commission
from landed proprietors' who most likely pay no
poor-rates at present, and the other third from clergy-
men, who had taken an active part in the management
of the system as it exists, a Commission was selected
of men unanimously wedded to the continuance of the
abuses that have Ithert`Complained of, and who, in their
report, shut their eyes to all the suffering and its
causes that had been presented to them, and conclude
by recommending a continuation of the present prac-
tice in all its deformity ; or at least such slight changes
thereon as would not be worth, to the poor, the paper
that an Act with the alterations would cost.
At the time the Commission was appointed, we ex-
pressed our approbation of Mr. Twisleton having
been made a member of it. We had every reason to
believe that Mr. Twisleton would do his duty faith-
fully and effectively, taking an enlightened and hu-
mane view of the case. In these expectations we are
glad to say we have not been disappointed. Mr.
Twisleton, though a public servant, and standing
alone,has had the firmness to dissent from the report
in its conclusions, and to publish along with it his
reasons for so doing.
The first part of the report is taken up with a pretty
lengthened statement of the general working of the
Scotch system of relieving the poor; and the first
conclusion come to is, " That the funds raised for the
relief of the poor, and the provision made for them out
of the funds raised for their relief, are in many parishes
throughout Scotland, insufficient."
The next conclusion, after the introduction of some
pages of evidence and reasoning on the subject, is
" That it is not desirable that there should be any
appeal from the decision of the parochial managers
as to the amount of allowances:'
Having thus summarily decided that there should
be no appeal from the parochial managers, the Com-
mission next consider whether they may not also, as
at present, centime& to assess themselves or not for
the poor as they :have a mind. On this subject the
Commission state that,—
"Not only has no case been made out for so great
a change upon the system now in operation, accord-
ing to which it is left to the parochial authorities to
provide the requisite amount of funds for the poor,
either by an assessment or otherwise, as they may
deem most expedient; but the voluntary method of
providing these funds, to which a preference is still
given by a large portion -of the intelligence of the
country, has appeared to us, in a great variety of in-
stances, to work in a satisfactory manner, and to be
productive of beneficial effects. In these circum-
stances, to introduce a measure necessarily subversive
of it, would certainly be inexpedient."
Having thus decided that there shall be nothing
but voluntary assessment, end that there shall be no
appeal from the parochial authorities, the Commission
next recommend "that a board of supervision, all
the members of which should be unpaid, shall be
established for a limited period, to which board re-
ports shall be made, at least twice in the year, from
the parochial boards, stating specially the numbers
and condition of the poor in each parish, and the
amount of relief, in such form as shall be prescribed
by the board of supervision ' • that complaints may be
made to such board, and that such board shall have
the fullest power of inquiry and remonstrance. That
the board of supervision shall make a report annually
to the Secretary of State on the condition and manage-
ment of the poor throughout Scotland."
The Commission next recommended " that the
heritors and kirk-session, or other managers of the
poor in each parish, shall be bound to appoint a sala-
riel clerk, or other officer, who shall be required to
make the reports to, and conduct the corespondence
with, the general board of supervision, and that the
remuneration which such officer shall receive shall be
fixed by the parochial board of management."
In the rural parishes, it is recommended "that
those persons only are to be considered heritors, and
held entitled to vote as such, who have a valued rent
to the amount of .51. Scots, or upwards."
" Subject to the limitation which we have above
suggested, (the Commission says) we would further
propose, that in rural parishes in which an assessment
is raised, the body to be entrusted with the power of
imposing such assessments and administering the
funds, shall consist, in addition to the heritors and
kirk-session, of a certain number of persons, to be
chosen by the rate-payers not being heritors as above
defined."
For the town parishes the Commissioners say—
" We are of opinion that it is desirable that all
parishes, which, either in whole or in part, are situate
within the parliamentary boundaries of any burgh,
should be united and held to be one parish, for the
purposes of providing for the poor, and of settlement.
" We would farther recommend that the managers
of the poor in such united parishes, should consist
wholly or chiefly of managers, to be elected by the
rate-payers, and also of the provost or chief magis-
trate, ex qfficio. The number of votes which each
rate-payer shall have, being regulated by the amount
of the property on which he is assessed.'
The report then goes on to recommend that two
or more parishes may unite to build poor houses.
That medical relief should be supplied more exten-
sively than at present. That where there are no poor
houses there should, be dispensaries established, and
after detailing a number of cases given in evidence
regarding the inadequate treatment of poor lunatics,
the report recommends that lunatics should be sent
by their parishes to lunatic asylums. Parish autho-
rities are recommended to relieve all cases found des-
titute in their parishes, the expense to be recoverable
from the parish of the pauper. A relieving officer is
recommended for every parish, and the same facility
for removing English and Irish paupers from Scot-
land, as exists, for removing foreign paupers from
England. Further, that "in each parish the board
of managers should he required to defray from the
funds provided for the relief of the poor, the expenses
of educating pauper children."
In addition to the remedies in existence, it is re-
commended that " husbands or fathers neglecting to
maintain their wives or families, be punishable crimi-
nally by a summary process, in the event of the wives
or families becoming chargeable on the parish. And
that, in like manner, fathers of illegitimate childre•
where such fathers admit their liability, or have been
found liable by decree of a competent court, shall be
punishable criminally by a summary process, if they
neglect to pay the aliment, and the child become
chargeable.
It is next recommended that the' period for obtain-
ing a parish settlement should be extended from three
to seven years.
After some other unimportant recommendations
regarding settlement, the report proceeds at great
length to consider the important question for which
the Commission was appointed, viz., the relieving of
able bodied persons when thrown destitute for want
of employment. Against the . granting of relief the
authority of a great number of witnesses is quoted,
but none of the witnesses favourable to relief are no-
ticed in the report. The situation of the unemployed
at Paisley and Dunfermline during the late distress is
also examined at length.
Against the granting of relief to the able• bodied
when unemployed, some Highland innkeeper, an
underling-to the Duke of Richmond or some of the
Highland lairds, we suppose, is quoted, and next the
Duke of Richmond himself, Sheriff Campbell, of Pais-
ley, the Rev. Mr. Chalmers, of Dunfermline (who
last year made himself famous by his hasty desertion
of the Free Church), and lastly, Mr. Hunt, of Pit-
tencrieff, Dunfermline, a manufacturer who, by his
business, has raised himself to possession of a man-
sion-house and country e§tate—Mr. Hunt's evidence
will give an idea by what means—and as it is about
the longest quOtation in the report against relieving
the destitution of the unemployed, we insert it as it
appears. Mr. Hunt—
" A manufacturer and dealer" his evidence bears,
" in the coarse description of goods above mentioned,
offered a few days ago to employ from 500 to 600
workmen, now idle, at a reduction of 25 per cent. on
their wages. A committee of these workmen waited
upon witness yesterday to ask him to subscribe for
the relief of their distress, and to consult him as to
the propriety of accepting the offer of work at re-
duced wages. Witness told them that he would sub-
scribe for the relief of their immediate wants, but
that it was necessary that they should employ any
money which they received from subscriptions in
sending their young men to find work in other places,
as it was obvious that there were more people in
Dunfermline than could find employment in it, unless
they choso to work at the reduced rate of wages ; that
with regard
of
gion ardto the question of wages, it was quite
plain that the rate must always be. regulated by the
whichpersons t the
wantingdemand
emfpolor3lrma beonut, r borethat i
tos the
b y
the supply and demand."
The Commission conclude this part of the subject
as follows :—" In fine, having in view the not inade-
quate relief hitherto afforded in periods of a depressed

21.2. to 23s per cwt.
MOLASSES.—West India at rather lower rates,
Antigua of good quality and fine Dominica at 26s to
27s *3d. Bengal 15s to 17s per cwt.
COCOA.—Prices are still on the decline for West
India ; none has been offered at auction, and the few
parcels sold privately have been rather under former

COFFEE.—Of West India none has been offered at
Fablic sale. In Jamaica purchases to a fair extent have
been made privately at full rates; mid quality has
fetched 88s to 935, and superior 94s to 96s per cwt;
some vessels from Jamaica are daily expected. To-day
Ceylon Coffee at 49s to 493 6d per cwt for good
ordinary ; other sorts it the 4d per lb duty are unal-
tered in value. Fofeigii.Coffee was sought after, Rio at
Ms to 32s for ordinary to good ordinary, and good ordi-
nary St. Domingo, 31s 6d.
TEA.—There has been a falling off in the demand for
Black Tea, and the limited business transacted has
been upon easier terms ; common Congou for cash
selling at 110 to ls, '()nod common Is Op to Is, and
Pouchong ord to good ord at 4d to 9d per lb, but for
Green Tea prices are firm, the supply being small. To-
day the operations were extremely limited, and former
rates were with difficulty sustained.
Rust, BRANDY, AND HOLLANDS.—For Jamaica Rum
former rates are sustained ; 26 to 28 per cent. overproof
3s 2d to 3s 4d, 30 to 35 over 3s 5d to 3s 9d, good 3s 10d
to 4s, fine 4s 2d to 4s 6d, and superior 4s 8d to 5s per
gallon. Proof of common quality has been fetching
2s 2id, and good brown ditto 2s 3d ; Demerara
35 per cent. overproof at 3s 3d per gallon. Calcutta
Rum is 10d to is 10id per gallon accepted for proof,
with certificate. For Brandy prices have a downward
tendency excepting for low descriptions :—Cognac, best
brands of the vintage of 1838, hhds 5s 741, puns 5s 5d ;
ditto 1839, 'Xihda 5s bd, puns 5s 3d ; ditto 1840, hhds
5s 3d. puns 5s Id ; ditto 1841, hhds 5s 2d, puns, ss;
ditto 1842, hhds ss, puns 4s 11d, middling qua-
lities 3s 2d to 4s 6d, and low 2s 8d to 3s per gallon.
Geneva shipping sort on the quay is Is Bd, and fine for
duty 2s to 3s per gallon. English Corn Spirits lOs 2d
per gallon, cast). To-day Brandy was at rather lower
rates ; Cognac best brands of the vintage of 1842 selling
at 4s 10d to 5s per gallon. A parcel of Leeward Island
Rum, just arrived, 8 per cent overproof, has been sold at
2s 5d per gallon.
SAGO.—Fine large bright Pearl has fetched 20s per
cwt. The lowest price of common small Pearl is 12s 6d.
Sago Flour at 19s to 20s per cwt.
RlCE.—Bengal Rice, middling white selling c
at 103 9d
to I Is, and better sorts 11s 6d to 12s; lOs per wt for
low white. Yellow Madras 8s Gd to 9s, and yellow Java
8s 9d to 9s per cwt. Cleaned Rico at 13s to 16s for
Patna ; and 21s to 26s per cwt for Carolina.
• Lenico.—ln East India little business has been trans-
acted in any description, and in some cases the rates ac-
cepted are rather under those of the last quarterly sale;
Spanish has been less inquired for, but prices do not give
way. This afternoon low mixed Bengal Indigo sold at
2s 6d to 3s 2d, and Guatemala at 3s 3d to 3s Ild for low
and middling quality.
On.s.—For Linseed Oil reduced rates have been taken;
sales made on the spot at 25s 9d to 265. Rape Oil, pale
at 38s 6d to 395, and brown 37s 6d to 38s per cwt. Palm
Oil at 26s to 27s for good, 24s to 25s 6d for middling,
20s Gd to 23s 9d for inferior, and 18s to 19s 9d por cwt
for very low dark quality. Cocoa Nut Oil may be pur-
chased upon lower terms. Ceylon taken in at 30s per
cwt for fine quality. Holders of Olive Oil are more
inclined to sell, 51/ for Gallipoli, 501 for Spanish, and
491 to 491 lOs per tun for Barbary. Common Fish Oils
have met with a dull sale ; Cod at 33/ 5s to 33110 s ;
Seal, pale, 334 yellow and straw Seal 29110 s to 314 and
brown 281 to 29/ per tun. Sperm Oil at 751 to 761 for
fine British, and 73/ to 741 per tun for other descriptions.
This afternoon Southern Oil at 271 to 301 per tun. Lin-
seed Oil at 25s 6d per cwt.
TALLOW.—Prices cannot be quoted lower at present for
Russian Tallow on the spot, 403 to 40s 6d is the value of P Y
Candle. 'For delivery for the last three months of the year
at 41s 3d to 41s 6d per cwt. Town Tallow at 38s 6d to 39s
per cwt nett cash. South American at 33s 3d to 38s 3d, for
middling to fine, and New South Wales at 36s 6d to 37s per
cwt. To-day there was little business done in any sort of
Tallow, but in prices there is no variation.

THE LAW OF ARREST IN THE
CITY.

A curious circumstance exemplifying the benefit of
the law of arrest in the City occurred a few days ago.
A mercantile house in Jamaica having determined
upon a speculation of shipping a large quantity of
goods for the markets of Central America, engaged a
German, who was proceeding to those parts on some
business of his own, to undertake the management of
the speculation. The German accordingly proceeded
on his errand, and the house in Jamaica received from
hire several letters announcing sales from time to
time made, until it appeared that nearly 5,0001. had
been received, when the correspondence suddenly
ceased, and the house could get no more answers to
their letters. Under these circumstances, the firm
naturally became alarmed, and set on foot inquiries
concerning the German, when they learned that he
had gone to New York, and subsequently that he
had sailed for England. They forthwith dis-
patched one of their clerks to England by a
steamer, which was fortunately on the point of start-
ing in search of the party. The clerk arrived in
London late on the evening of the 11th instant, and
on the following morning proceeded to the house of
the correspondents of his employers. The corre-
spondents without delay accompanied him to their
solicitors, an eminent firm in the City, and on their
way to adopt means of frustrating the palpable object
of the German, they were lucky enough to meet the
identical person coaling out of the offices of the Co-
lombian Mining Company. A messenger soon learned
that the German had called at the offices of the Com-
pany in order to obtain an introduction to a bul-
lion broker, and that he had been referred to a well
known City house of that description. At this critical
time the parties ran off to the bullion broker's, who
informed them that the German had left with them to
be assayed, a very large quantity of bullion and
gold dust, and was to call at two o clock that after-
noon to receive the value. Application was then
made to a judge for the arrest of this wholesale
robber, to effect which a warrant was granted, and an
officer was posted ready to meet him at the place
where the treasure lay. As might be expected, the
German was punctual to his appointment ; and, on
making his appearance, was shocked and astonished
at being grabbed for the sum of 5,0001. On being
arrested, he exclaimed " Hang dis England.
Half an hour more, and it would have been all
right." He could not, of course, procure bail,
and the only alternative he had was to make
a full acknowledgment, and to give up the keys
of his luggage, which, upon being searched, was
found to contain bills and other securities, amounting,
together with the bullion and gold dust, to nearly the
full sum for which he had been seized. The not least
curious part of the story is, that the German arrived
in London only a few hours before the arrival of the
clerk of the Jamaica house, and that both put up at
the same hotel, neither of them being aware of the
locus in quo of the other. The business of the clerk,
it will be observed, was completed in the most satis-
factory manner in two hours, and in less than two
days from that of their arrival, they were both pas-
sengers in the same vessel for Jamaica.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.
VESSELS SPOKEN WlTH.—Mediterranean, Liverpool
to the coast of Africa, 3d inst., lat. 44, lon. 11, by the
Lusitania, Gibbons, arrived off Brighton. Solway brig,
2d ult., on the Equator, in lon. 22 W.; Gentoo, Liverpool
to Madras, 3d, on the Equator, in lon. 20 W., by the
William Bailey, Tyack, arrived in the river. Gratitude,
Africa to Falmouth, 10th ult., lat. 3 N., lon. 23 W. ;
Emu, China to London, 16th, lat. 13 N., lon. 33 W. ;
Eleanor, ,Sandwich Islands to L
Africa ondon, 2to 6th,
Falmouth,
onl
hit. 33 N.,
. 33 W. ; Barbadian,
15th inst., lat. 42, lon. 17, by the James Campbell,
Pitcairn, arrived off Plymouth. Anne Wise, Cadiz to
Felix, New York to Stockholm, 13th inst., lat. 47, lon.
22 ; Circassian, Cuba to Swansea, 15th, lat. 49, lon. 19 ;
Mary, ship, 16th, lat. 49, lon.lB, by the Triton, arrived off
Falmouth. Onderneiring, for Batavia, Jan. 23d, off
Prince's Island ; Sultana, Brede River to London, 11th
ult., lat. 4 N., lon. 25 W.; schooner Candidate, 12th inst.
lat. 47, lon. 12 ; barque Bee, of Liverpool, same day ;
Hambro barque, showing D. P. over 3643, 16th inst., lat.
48, lon. 10 ; Legatus, of London, same day ; Sarah and
Maria, from China, out 179 Lys, 23d, lat. 49, lon.
5, by the Harmony, arrived off Falmouth. Ironsides, Li-
verpool to Pernambuco, 21st inst., by the J amaica, arrived
off Plymouth. Chusan, New Orleans to Liverpool, 12th
inst., lat 47, lon. 19; Chilian, Liverpool to Lima, 16th,
lat. 47, lon. 10, by the Independence, arrived at Liverpool.
Republican, Bremen to Quebec 14th inst., lat. 48, lon.
15; Emelia, bound to Miramichi, same day, lat. 49, lon.
Its, by the Regalia, arrived at Cork. Harriet, Jamaica
too
Quebec,T, 9 Liverpool,n dolnl,
11th,
:11
joiatnht 5:t4.190:1t a. :0.
48,n4 71,(1 o. n.
a 26 ; Retson, Savanilla
bust
mainmast, &e., by the ,Mary Campbell, head, twenty-fiveof leagues.2l; 23; Oporto,bargue wLoitinidv.on,hitteo
CwaemstpobfellS,c
arrd.iiiY NNoff-ithCelorkss.

THE SAXON MoNARcs.---The King of Saxony,
though only a third-rate SoHviesreral,
e House Lyxtis
will yet be received with
INth,heomgrmeaotersetesdpisetciinacutotnh.
Cthe Sovereign to
otibinr owes alle-
giance ; they are all Dukes of Saxony ; and
his future
re-
cognise, in the infant Prince of Wales, onee Kind will
nobles. All the male branches of the English Royal letfo
will now hold that. rank in Saxony according 1;alt11:anilly•
which regulate the succession of nobility on the Continent.
It It was to this Sovereign that her Majesty paid the high coenmt.
pliment of sending a special mission to invest him with the
order of the Garter; and though the Emperor of Russia may
not come, still the British Court will be called upon to dis-
play all its magnificence and hospitality, as a sort of avant
courrier to the illustrious personages who were, and, perhaps,
are to visit us. We have the Crown Prince of Denmark,
who, though not comin on a visit to the Court, will, doubt-
less, be invited there. his Royal Highness ;purposes making
a tour through Scotland. The Danish Minister left town
some days ago to meet the Prince.—Cheltenham Looker-on.
A HAT BY POST.--A straw hat was sent through
the post last week for the Rey. W. Horton, of Preston, paid
by aid postage damps

___L. MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
(F
rom the London New Price Current of May 28.)
Sucam.--For West India Muscovado Sugar the de-
''Ylf474airosefeetnely limited on Wednesday and Thurs-
I,ItY/
,plgriday grocers and refiners were induced
1.3„;151,L1_ ~ Yase m„,c, freely, in consequence of merchants
l'unnfltiVigt, iC auction On former rates of 6d to is rer
,i-Ot• \-.' ~_-1- 1,
-141tYlim.t,-- day Refined Goods were not to be
tircitaied ozr,th terms of last week; br Awl lumps were
eo d-W765-'6l and Standard Lumps 77a 6d to 78s
Ort,:,'T grocers are generally disposed to get
......i.
N deiced tit Refined Sugar. The market is firm for
bonded Crushed Sugar at 26s per cwt, and several orders
are unexecutel

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EYENING, MAY 29, 1844,

state of trade or mar ufactures, by voluntary contri-
butions,
made on the emerging of such periods, at d
the improved system of administration, with referenca
to the funds thus raised, which, under the teaching of
experience, has been gradually going forward.. . •
We strongly advise, therefore, that the Poor-law of
Scotland, with reference to the important section of it
which has been now under review, shall be continued
unchanged."
Having thus given our readers a brief outline of
the report of the Commission, from which so much was
expected, we shall conclude car notice for the present
by inserting the protest against the report by Mr.
• Twisleton, but with the intention of returning to the
subject when the document itself shall hive been a short
time in the hands of the public. The cool way in
which the Commission and their favourite witnesses
dispose of destitution will not readily be forgotten.
They propose to offer work at a reduction of 25 per
cent.. • they tell the workman his wages must be re •
gulated by the demand—that the wants of himself or
family must not be taken into consideration—and
that when he cannot find work in one place, he must
travel to another, and another, and another, but he is
never to seek assistance. Such a remedy was surely
easily discovered before the appointment of this Com-
mission, whose disposal of those in want to die, or
continue suffering, sets all the calculations for improv-
ing the condition of the population as coolly aside as
if the members had lived during the days that burn-
ing for witchcraft was in fashion, or though those
whose wants they refuse to relieve were some inferior
class of beings living in the moon, and not endowed
with the same sympathies and the same wants as
themselves.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
(YESTERDAY.)
MANSION-HOUSE.
William Clough, master of the brig Bolden, of Shields,
was summoned to answer the complaint of John Whit-
ing, for having unlawfully detained him a month longer
than necessary for the discharge or the cargo of that
brig in the port of London. The question which came
on a few days ago, before Sir Peter Laurie, as to un-
reasonable delay, excited a great deal of interest,
particularly as the Lord Mayor had expressed much in-
dignation at the unpardonable treatment of the poor
families of the crews of the colliers, resulting from the
prodigiously long detention of the vessels in the port of

REASONS OF InSSENT FROM THE FOREGOING REPORT.
I. Because the proposed alterations in the Scotch
Poor-law are, I am afraid, insufficient to remedy the
defects which arc admitted to exist in their adminis-

tondOn.
Alderman Humphery was at the time sitting with the
Lord Mayor, in consequence of some serious cases of
smuggling for adjudication, on which the presence of

two magistrates was necessary.
The complainant stated that he had signed articles of
agreement to work the vessel from Bartlepool to Lon-
don and back, at 41. the voyage ; but he had no notion
when he signed that he would be detained beyond the
three market days allowed by the Act of Parliament ;
but twenty market days had elapsed since the arrival of
the brig, and no money had been distributed amongst
the crew, and therefore their wives and children were in
a state of destitution, and, in some instances, they must
be obliged to appeal to the cold humanity of the unions.
The LORD MAYOR—On what day did the vessel arrive
in the port of London ? Complainant—Upon the 13th

tration.
11. Because, while it is admitted that the provision
at present made for the relief of the aged and infirm
poor is in many parishes of Scotland inadequate, the
main reliance for the supply of this deficiency seems
to be placed on a proposed board of supervision, or
standing commission of inquiry, with ample powers of
inspection, but with no administrative control or direct
authority. But it appears to me, that the striking inade-
quacy of the allowances at present made to the aged and
infirm poor in a large proportion of the unassessed
rural parishes of Scotland, arises, not so much from
ignorance of facts, as from want of funds, which again
is owing, in no small degree, to theories respecting
the effect of any provision for the poor, even when it
is restricted to the relief of the aged and the infirm.
And any statements made annually in reports, tending
to show that this class of poor are in a destitute con-
dition, will be met by the usual answer, that the only
cure for such evils is in the moral and religious edu-
cation of the young; and that a provision for the poor
creates much of the misery which it relieves, but does
not relieve all the misery which it creates.
111. Because no proposal is made for requiring the
managers of the poor in, unassessed rural parishes to
assess themselves for the destitute, aged, and infirm

of April.
Tho LORD MAYOR—Why, Captain. Clough, has not
the cargo been sold ?
The defendant said it had been sold on Friday. It
was not, he believed, in his power to oblige the factor,
to whom it was consigned, to sell. The inconvenience
experienced by the delay of vessels pressed heavily upon
the captain, as well as upon the men, brut blame did not
attach to the former any more than to the latter.
The complainant (backed by several other men in
similar circumstances) said it happened that the captains
took good care of themselves, for they had a claim of so
much per ton upon the owners for any delay which took
place beyond the three first market days, 'while the men
were compelled to wait until the factors chose to sell the
coals, without receiving the smallest remuneration.
The LORD MAYOR—As I read the Act of Parliament,
the men must not be detained beyond a :reasonable time.
New seven weeks I consider to be mrst unreasonable.
If the poor men who are complaining of' this oppressive
course supposed that such detention were contemplated,
they would not have engaged to work the vessel. They
were morally, and in my opinion legally, entitled to
extra pay for this delay, which interferes so lamentably
with their ability to support their families. The captains,
by holding over the cargoes, enhance the price of coal to
the public, and according to the argumemts used by the
defendant they may delay in the port of London for six
months, and aggravate beyond endurance the suffering
of the crew with impunity. The conduct of the de •
fendant in this case, and the agreement drawn up by
him, are not in accordance with the spirit of the Act of

Parliament.
Alderman lIUMPIIERY—The public are sufferers by
such conduct to the amount of seven or eight shillings
per ton more than they ought to be charged, a matter
which it would be strange to overlook when such a noise
is made about the duty of fnurpence a ton upon the
article. My advice to the defendant is fist he pay his
crew for n voyage and a-half at any rate.
The complainant said he would be satisfied with
that arrangement. Since the vessel had come into port
another vessel had made two voyages.
Here one of the crew said that a vessel from Hartlepool
had been ordered not to be cleared of its cargo until the
coals should be sold at twenty-five shillings per ton, and
that vessel had been in the port of London upwards of
six weeks, and might, under such circumstances, be de-
layed a good deal longer:
The Loan MAYOR then asked the defendant whether
he was prepared to agree to the proposition to pay the
man for a voyage and a half. If not, the law should
certainly be put in force against him. The men were
entitled by Act of Parliament to all reasonable informa-
tion, as to the duration of the ship's delay. The object
appeared to be to exclude the public and. the crews of
those vessels from the advantages of the voyages ; and
the offence was the greater, as the Thames was crowded
beyond all example with shipping.
Alderman HUNPHERY—By holding back these cargoes,
the additional penalty inflicted upon the public is to the
extent of 40,0001. a-year.
The LORD MAYOR—I shall require an answer from
the defendant on Wedne3day, as to his intentions with
respect to remuneration to these poor men, whose fami-
lies must now be undergoing severe privations.
The complainant and the crews of the several vessels
most gratefully acknowledged the benevolent inter-
ference of the Lord Mayor, who evidently considered
that the owner, the factor, and the captain, were all
actively concerned in hindering the sale of coals, for the
purpose of enhancing their price, and thus abridging the
comforts of those who were daily undergoing some pri-
vation or other.
Johan Eivar•t, the mate of the ship Alexander, from
Rostock, was charged with having been on board that
vessel, with the knowledge that she had stowed away
amongst her cargo a large quantity of tobacco, made up
into parcels, each of which weighed one pound. Two of
the crew had been committed, a few days before, upon a
similar charge. The mate was not brought up with the
convicted defendants, because of the inconvenience likely
to arise from capturing an officer so prominently engaged
in the vessel.
Captain Schroeder, the commander of the vessel, stated
that he knew nothing whatever of the tobacco.
In the course of the investigation it was stated by Mr.
Davis, one of the Revenue officers, that two-thirds of the
tobacco used in the metropolis were smuggled, and that
the tobacco on board the Alexander was foaud amongst a
quantity of rags, in which there happened to be extreme
heat, and which would, if the detection had not been
made, in ell probability have ignited and consumed
the ship.
The LORD MAYOR suggested the propriety of, in all
cases, making the captain responsible. If instead of the
infliction of a penalty, the captain was sent to prison for
a few months, smuggling would not flourish as was now
the case.
Captain Schroeder said the mate had gone three
voyages with his vessel, and he had reason to be well
satisfied with him and never suspected him, and could
not at that moment suppose him capable of winking at
such a shabby exhibition.
It was stated-that some of the steam•vessels had been
fined forty times for conveying smuggled goods, and that
20,000 pounds weight of tobacco had been lately cleared
out of the Custom-house in Dutch cheeses.
The LORD MAYOR and Alderman HUMPHERY then
declared the defendant to be guilty, mad fined him loot.
Mr. Cutler, one of the officers of the Watermen's
Company, applied to the Lord Mayor for a summons
for John Williamson, the father of the boy who took on
board his boat the children who were lost in the Thames.
The LORD MAYOR said he was glad to find that the
Company was about to adopt a proper course.
Mr. Cutler said his object was to have the father made
answerable for having allowed his son to work his skiff
on the 19th instant, on account of which three children
were drowned, without having taken out a license from
the Waterman's Company. He also applied for a sum-
mon% for George Scott, who was his apprentice, calling
upon him to answer for having taken eight passengers
on board his skiff, the skiff being licensed to carry no
more than six passengers.
'The Loan MAYOR said that, by a little vigilance, the
serious evil of crowding boats would be effectually re-
medied.
Mr. Cutler observed that on Sunday last the Thames
was so crowded with vessels that the navigation was in
a great measure blocked up, and the steamers, with great
difficulty made any progress at all.
Ilis LORDSHIP issued the summonses in both cases,
and appointed that the defendants should be directed to
attend on Friday next.
Captain Rowland, the Harbour Master, waited upon
the Lord Mayor, as Conservator of the River Thames,
and reported to his Lordship, that in the month of April,
as he was employed in raising a wreck about a mile and
a helf below Tilbury. he observed, on the 25th of
that month, a ship with a signal of distress flying,
towed down by a steamer; and believing that something
was amiss, he manned his boat, and proeeeded to the
vessel, which proved. to be the John Woodall ; that he
ascertained that the master was absent, and that the ship
was on fire, and, after due examination, directed that she
should be scuttled as the only means of extinguishing
the fire. That after the vessel had been sunk in shal-
low water, near the bank, he succeeded in raising her
by means of two steam-tugs ; and that if such course
had not been followed the vessel would have been de-
stroyed. Captain Rowland stated to bis Lordship that
the navigation was thus cleared of what, if at once blown
up would, in all probability, have been a very dangerous
impediment.
The Loan MAYOR expressed his gratification at the
skill and success of Captain Rowland's experiment, and
said he infinitely preferred the plan of raising wrecks to
that of blowing them, as the latter mode was not only
calculated to obstruct the. navigation, but to do much
mischief to the nets of the fishermen, who supported their
families by the use of their nets.
CLERKEN WELL.

poor; using these terms in the most comprehensive
sense, as including all those who are entitled to relief
under the present law. It appears to me that the
mischief's which have been attributed to assessments
for this class of poor have been remarkably exagge-
rated, even although they may not be altogether vi-
sionary. On the other hand, this mode of providing
for the aged and the infirm is the most equitable
which can be adopted; its general tendency, as dis-
tinguished from its invariable result, is to insure an
ampler supply of funds than can be raised by volun-
tary contributions; and it reaches non-resident heri-
tors, and others who may give either nothing, or com-
paratively little, in-aid of the church collections.
IV. Because it is not proposed to render it com-
pulsory on the managers of the poor to provide me-
dical attendance for paupers. The arrangements for
medical relief, and the power of fixing the scale of
remuneration to medical practitioners, are to be left
exclusively to the local authorities, who may deem
that they have a direct pecuniary interest in fixing
the scale of remuneration as low as possible, or in
throwing altogether upon medical practitioners, as is
very frequently the case at present, the burden of at-
tending the sick poor gratuitously.
V. Because it is not proposed to authorise, or to
render it compulsory upon the managers of the poor
in large towns to provide houses of refuge, or poor-
houses with wards for able-bodied persons. But
establishments of this kind, which are, in fact, iden-
tical with English workhouses, appear to me essen-
tial to the proper management of the poor in large
towns ; and without them I do not see how the beg-
ging, which prevails to such an extent in the chief
towns of Scotland, can be suppressed, consistently
with humanity, or in accordance with public feeling.
VI. Because, while in reference to towns with a
population above 5,000 inhabitants, the advantages of
poorhouses for the reception of certain classes of poor,
entitled to assistance under the present Scotch poor
law, are clearly pointed out, as subsidiary to out-
door relief;' yet the erection of such poor-houses
is proposed to be left entirely to the discretion of
the local authorities. But while I adinit that the
arrangement of various details may be safely
vested in the managers of the poor in each parti-
cular town, it is my opinion that the principles of
dealing with a subject so difficult as that ofadmninister-
ing relief, should be settled by the more enlarged
wisdom of Parliament. And a matter of such im-
portance as the erection of poor-houses ought not to
depend either on the honest judgment, or possible
caprice, partial knowledge, or narrow views, of acci-
dental majorities in particular localities.
VII. Because no ,proposition is made for dealing
with the case of large towns, when, during seasons
of depression of trada, large bodies of operatives
are thrown out . a ernploytnent, and become
dependent for subsistence upon public charity.
It seems to me desirable, that in all large towns
which have a poor-house with wards for able-bodied
men, the managers of the poor should have a dis-
cretionary power, with consent of a board of super-
vision, to assess the inhabitants, for the purpose of
setting to work destitute unemployed persons, with-
out requiring them to enter such poor-house. The
aid of a poor-house, with wards for able-bodied
persons, materially facilitates the operations of those
who, in periods of depression of trade, under-
take the duty of giving out-door relief to a certain
number of that class.
NIL Because no alteration is proposed in the
Scotch law of rating, which is peculiarly anoma-
lous and defective. The usual mode of levying the
rate on what is called " means and substance," is
similar in its main features to the income-tax, but is
unaccompanied by, those safeguards with which the
levying of the incomeetax h&.s been surrounded by
the wisdom of Parliament. Either, therefore, safe-
guards should be introduced, for the purpose of in-
suring secrecy and fairness, or the attempt to assess
supposed Means and substance should be abandoned,
and the mode of levying poor-rates in Scotland should
be assimilated with that which is in operation in all
other parts of the United Kingdom.
EDWARD TIVISLETON.
—Glasgow Evening Post.
al, I

PatricA CarroliWasciiaiied with the following savage
assault upon Thomas Prince, a coach-maker, residing in
Turnmill-street :
The prosecutor appeared in Court with his head
bound up ; he seemed to be faint from loss of blood,
and declared he was suffering great pain. It appeared
frein the evidence that, on the previous night, the pro-
secutor and his father, being perfectly sober, were
passing through Clarke's-buildings, Gray's Inn-road,
when they saw the'prisoner beating a woman, who was
screaming violently. The prosecutor, actuated by
motives of humanity, interfered, and begged of the
prisoner to desist; but the prisoner immediately knocked
him down. He then ran into his house, which was hard
by, and rushed out, in company with another man,
armed with iron bars. Before the prosecutor recovered
from the former blow, the prisoner, raising the bar,
inflicted a deep and extensive wound on his head. The
blow rendered him senseless, and he bled profusely from
the wound. Connor, having .been disarmed of the bar,
seized a broom-stick, with which he struck the prostrate
and insensible man on the arms and sides, until he was
bruised all over, and his left arm powerless. Police-
constable 144 G came up some time after, and, with
much difficulty, secured the prisoner. The prosecutor
was removed to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where the
wound, which is an inch and a half long, was dressed.
Mr. BROUGHTON remanded the prisoner until the re,
suit of the injuries the prosecutor received should be as-
certained, as in the event of erysipelas occurring, the
wound in the head might prove fatal.
Thomas Bresnahan was charged with stealing a large
quantity of lead, the property of the Commissioners of
Woods and Forests.
In order to complete the new line of communication
between Oxford-street and Holborn, the Commissioners
of Woods and Forests hate purchased several houses in

Nii3yll
I-
v •;.--.titi
(
~- • 0
. - t