The Sun.
London, England, 1821-10-13 00:00:00

OXFORb-SlitEEl'.

ANTI-MILDEW CANVAS.
M ESSR.S.--BROWELL and CO., No. 23,
Aldermanburv, 'have •lately received a Letter from
.144- William Chambers, an eminent Sail-maker at Yarmouth,
~hick
amply proves the advantage to the SHIPPING INTE-
AFsr
bdtl attending their Invention ; tie says, " That- having
considerable experience for the last nine years of various
kinds of Canvas, some bleached. and othcis brown, which had,
kll,nderlzone the Anti-Mildew process, be found all were ism-
i.ust4 itt softue's and appearance,All bad invariably resisted
s,
.the Sails wore more equally, -wantinA bnt little
his kii:,d4A_,lasted longer than any unprepared Canvas within
yeetaf;„".e;
.he apprehends that the process killssthle
•'tttt(.l f ' Protetple in flax and hemp, and Ise finds that ,aits
„e.t"dttile darkest coloured cloth, after short' exposure
.o
tfteeffected fsis I's become white as if bleached.' —ll..se ptocess
Awnin,„, 5%. Per Bolt of all qualities used fur Stores, Sails,
length Or Tents, and is returned in a few slays the sante
breadth as when delivered.—Canvas ready done
lane. be bad of Messrs. GUTHRIE, and CHAIM ERS,• WA-
raid: "nu "f Mr. ANDERSON, Crown-court„
ed with a Red Clown and letter B.

tBEIt'S BRITISH and FOREIGN SUB-
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puished,
THE LIFE
Volumes,This is:n Day
.was 15s. boblards, ur 11. calf gilt,
THE LIFE and ADVENTURES of GUZ-
iikted rMAN
LE SAGE WALPARACHE, or the Spanish Rogue, trans-
'row .
ve. ciAr By JOHN H. BRADY.
km C one the Public upon the addition which Mr.
~rie Lb" made to:their literary amusements." " This is
g,l%ii-l'e i
the most amusing works we-know."—(European Ma-
o m May 18,11
tidelit::.Brady haso executed his duties as a Translator with
r"
,---(New Monthly Mag. 1821.)
the anslator has produced a very entertaining version
ulteNi 4"reutures of that prototype of ailventureis,—the
Lap w GaZntan."—(Literary Gazette, Ist Sept. MI
rnblaa and Co. Paternoster-row; and J. M. Richardson,

WIDOW WELCH'S FEMALF, PILLS
men,t have obtained the sanction and approbation of Gen:
rtteee/t of the Medical Profession, as a safe and valuable
invo.:_ne!
.in removing obstructions, and relieving o.ther
ttiasureniences to which the female frame is liable, especially
want which at an early period of, life frequently arise from
iire": of xereise, and general debility of the system. They
oreaPpetite, cOrrect indigesti.on, useful giddiness and
orde us head ache, and are eminently in windy sus
oats itit the stomach, shortness' of breath, and palpi-
dis-
-%on heart. . . a,...urchasers are requested to remark, that, as a testimony of
"L'aticity, each Bill of Directions is signed with the name of

Co.writing. Sold wholesale and Retail, in London, by Wright,
e°. 46, Fleet Street ; Rai-clay and Sons, Fleet Market; New-
rtaachndvsaorr,
c;rreet SL Paul's China 'Yard ; Sutton and Co. Bow
; Sanger 350, Oxford Street, opposite Bond
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Creek Street Soho ; Butler and Sons,
.Cheapsitle;
and wi
is ndus, Rishopsgate Street ; and by all Country Vendors;
528. 9d. Box. Godfrey
I
is
te It. s necessary to infOrm the pulilic that KEARSLISY'S
flared 7 orals original and enuine Medicine, and has been Fe-
°Y them fur more genuine Medicine, aUII bai been pie.
Y tbeo fur more thazi thirty years..

Gentlemen ProteStants, through the medium of this Journal
I am determined that your privileges shall be advocated, im-
partially, but firmly—without prejudice, and, most certainly,
without fear ; no compromise, or no Inroad upon your Consti-
tution, will I submit to, without exposing the authors, should
I fail in blasting their acts ; and I hope, that, in my produc-
tion of authorities and incontrovertible documents, I shall not
be accused of an inclination to excitement, when I alone
apply my historical and religious knowledge towards the pre-
servation of the Altar and the dignity of the Throne. I have
no desire to disturb the universal harmony which now prevails,
and which, if I was to judge from history, and experience, I
shou be inclined to believe cannot continue very long,
(I don't mean the affection we bear our King,) hilt a union
amongst all parties. I have been the great means froin
strong attachment to my Sovereign, (and ably supported by
the exalted public Press of Dublin,) of gradually accom-
plishing, 'since the month of October last, what no man
or Administration could ever yet effect—a universal, all-power-
ful, and enthusiastic spirit of loyalty throughout the entire of
this noble and high-minded country ; and, what was still more
difficult and incredible, of forcing the talented Professor of THE
ANCIENT FAITH OF IRELAND (for a time only, I fear),
from the strong fastneSses of Reform and discontent ; and hav-
ing extricated the talented Advocate from the unpopular and
Radical perils of the Lion's Den. I am, and if questioned, he
will allow it, the principal cause of planting this Operative
Warrior, and his Chorus of Reform, by my Letter of the 28th
of June, through a dread of losing his popularity, ,in the half-
complying embraces of a Protestant Corporation, as I told him
that I would do, in defiance of every effort to elude his poll-
deal conversion ; and, further, to the astonishment of himself
and the entire of his Clergy, I never rested until I entangled
this inconsistent Veteran Patriot in the double SS Collar, and
orange Drapery of the zealous, well-intentioned, but mistaken,
Glorious Memory Load Mayor of Dublin ; and, to the absolute
horror of the Intolerant Milner, whom I had just driven from
the Country, when his apprehension of me permitted him to
think of his forsaken friend, and to raise up his eyes for the
security of London--even this Bigot dropped a tear of contri,
tion, as he beheld, afar off„ the persecuted and penitent Daniel,
crying bitterly over his past offences, in Abraham's bosom.—
But, Gentlemen, lest I should write myself out of matter, which
would be rather difficult, before I pay my occasional respects to
you through the medium of " The ANTIDOTE; OR CONSTI-
TUTIONAL SENTINEL," which 1 shall sometimes do, I shall
merely now remark, that I have prevailed on a Gentleman of ex-
perience to take upon himself the management of this Paper,
the sole object of which is to support, without a wish to
irritate or inflame, the present Constitution in Church and
State, as restored by King William the Third, of great
•and • glorious memory, to whom the Houses of Lords and
Commons, in Convention, on the 22d of January, 1689, pre-
sented an Address,_ in which " they acknowledge him, under
God, the deliverer of the nation." . This. Constitution; Gentle-
men, secured by the Bill of Rights, the Act of Settlement,
and the Coronation Oath, which had been altered for James
the Second, but now free from all ambiguity, I will defend, with
my. heart's blood, to the last period of my life. I deprecate
with detestation every tendency towards popular excitement ;
but no human power shall ever terrify or seduce me into a
concealmentl-much less an abandonment, of my political and re-
ligious principles, where the shadow is conciliation for a day,
but the substance, possibly may be, if not prevented, intoler-
ance and persecution for a century. I shall, .in.defence of the
Protestant 'Ascendancy, be obliged occasionally to state facts and
authorities, as I have done throughout the course of my various
writings, in support of the Church and State ; but theyshall be
submitted, without aggravation, and, I trust, without offence.
Tile present Administration, as so ably conducted by the vir-
tuous and upright Liverpool, shall be supported until sn at-
tempt shall be made upon the Constitution, through the medium
of the Cabinet, and the prerogative of the King transmuted
into an engine for destroying the civil and religious liberties
of the subject. A few Publications that may be worth the
trouble of reading, shall be reviewed from time to time. And it
is earnestly requested, that female Tourists, in particular, will be
.careful how they presume to disseminate infidelity and licentious-
ness under the flimsy, tattered foliage of French and Italian dra-
pery, for I will give them no quarter if they do. My old fanatical
Psalm-singing friends, the Evangelicals, I fear are rather jealous
of my not having mentioned them before; I will, however,
make amends, by promising them the most marked attention and
respect suited to the profound gravity of too many of their
countenances, and to the profound hypocrisy of some hun-
dreds of their souls. I cannot help some few being-idiots; and
those, perhaps, I may irritate, but I hai'e too high an opinion.
of the Roman Catholics, as individuals, to suppose they could'
be incensed at my defending, zealously and forcibly, the interests
of the Established, in opposition to the demand's of the Church
of Rome. I never yet saw one of their body sincerely sup-
porting his Prelacy and faith, that did not acquire my respect
and esteem:—and that man must be a base and intolerant Bigot,
who would not have such a feeling ; however, I shall, at all
risks, discharge my duty to my country without fear, and, I
hope, without anonymous retaliation ; and I look forward to the
ANTIDOTE, being yet supported indiscriminately by Protestants
and liberal Roman Catholics, and firmly established at a future
period, if necessary, as a Three-day or even a Six-day Paper.
On the. Clergy of the Established Church I particularly call for
aid and assistance ; let them give up their-.bows and scrapes at
the Castle, for•preferment; for a short period. Mr. Grant may
be offended, to be sure; at the scarcity of Black Coats previ-
ouslyflocking aogether, like rooks round a honey comb ;
but these Reverend, Gentlemen will, at least, have the satisfac- •
tion of believing that they have added their mite in support of
that man's exertions, who never did, or never will cringe, even to
a PriMe Minister, much loss to his Secretary; and who has al-•
ready made, in their cause, pecuniary sacrifices, which he could
with difficulty afford. Gentlemen who wish to support the
Conititution and the Church, will leave, or commission some
friend to deposit immediately, a Half-years Subscription, of
seventeen Shillings; or a Quarter's Eight Shillings and Nine-
pence, .with the Editor, Mr. Power, 19, St. Andrew-street ; as
it is intended that the first Number, containing a most import-
ant Address to the Protestants of Great Britain, shall be pub-
lished as soon as. fifty more names shall be obtained. The
Public Listi, now containing the names of the most eminent
and distinguished Noblemen and Scholars in both countries,
will, at-present close and future Subscribers must signify their
adlilress, &c. etc., (J by letter, post-paid,) to the Editor alone,
as aboveLdnentioned.
. ,
Black Rode, Sept. 25,1821.

HARCOURT LEES.

•
LISI3O, SECT. 'very considerable sen-
sation having been excited in this countryamong
the British Merchants interested iu the Woollen
Trade with Great Britain, by a late Resolution.
of the Cortes to change the duties on Woollen
Goods imported here from England from 15 per
cent., at which they' lately stood, to 30, I have
taken some pains. to make mySelf master
.of the
subject, and in order that no incorrect opinions
may be formed on your side of the water, I shall
communicate to you the result of my inquiries..
-That harmony and—goOd understanding, founded.
on protection received-from Great Britain, and a
mutual exchange of commodities, which subsisted
between the two countries for so many years,
rendered few Treaties necessary; in, consequence
of whicirit will be 'easy to take a rapid view of
those which existed -previous to the arrival of the
-French, when the form of the Portuguese Mo-
narchy changed so materially, and the ultra-ma-
rine proyinees became the seat -of Government,
or,_as it were, the mother country was converted
into the -colony. This sketch is, however,
im-
portant, .as it_shews- the' spirit and meaning on
whiCh the two -Governments acted, during a long.
course of commercial and friendly relations. Our
first'Treaty of Friendshipand Commerce with Por-
tugal was in 1642,when British subjects were allow-
a the same privileges as those enjoyed by the
Dutch, at that time the. most favoured nation in
this country. Our second Treaty was in 1654,
and it chiefly tended to confirm and ratify the
one above-mentioned, stipulating, at
.the -same
time, for certain regulatiOns regarding the load-
ingand unloading of vessels. This Treaty, besides,
contains a secret article,. by which it is agreed,
" That the duties on British goods and merchan-
dise shall not hereafter exceed 23 per cent. on a
favourable valuation ;" but it must be here
ob-
served, that Woollens are not included in these
",goods and merchandise," since, at the time
above alluded to, their importation was not al-
lowed. These several Treaties were . confirmed
on the marriage-of Charles H. with Catherine of
Portugal, and again by the defensive Treaty of
May, 1703. This was followed by the well-
known Methuen Treaty, concluded on 27th
December, in the, same year, and on this our
commercial relations with Portugal hinged_ for
many years. ay
.this,Treaty it.is agreed, " That
the introduction of Woollen Cloths and other ar-:
ticleashall be allowed to the British, but on con-
dition that Portuguese 'Wines shall be admitted
into all ports of Great Britain, on payment of
'one-third less duties than. those levied an French
Wines.." It is necessary here to observe, that
having originally been put on the same footing as
the eutch, the most favoured nation in Portugal,
the duties-on our Woollens were then established
at 30 per cent., the same as then paid by them,
and on this, footing they continued till the emi-
gration of the Royal Family to the Brazils.—ln
1810, Lord Strangford made his new Treaty
with the Court of Rio Janeiro, and it is on the
two interpretations of the 15th and 2Eth Articles
of. this Treaty that all the present misunder-
standing rests. The-15th Article states,- "'That
all goods, wares, and merchandize, of whatever
kind they may be,.of the produce, art and inven-
tion of the dominions or'subjects of his Britannic
Majesty, shall be admitted into the ports of Portu-
gal, whether in Europe, America,,Africa, or Asia,
on the payment of a duty of 15 per cent." Such is
the general rate to be levied on goods and mer-
chandise ; but that WOollen articles are not in-
cluded in this clause, appears not only from the
general spirit of the preceding Treaties, but also
from the 26th Article of this same Treaty of
Lord Strangford, which expressly declares,
" That the stipulations contained in former
Treaties concerning the admission- of Wines of
Portugal on the one hand, and Woollen Cloths
of Great Britain on the other, shall at present
remain unaltered."—'This article denotes that
in the text, as IVell as meaning of the new Treaty,
Woollen Goods stand as an exception to the gene-
ral clause. contained-in the 15th Article, conform-
ably to the.tenor of former Treaties; and that this
was the interpretation originally given to the
Treaty, is proved by the fact that said Woollen
Goods continued to pay 30 per cent., here as well
as in the Brazils, fOr three years subsequent to the
signing.of the new
.Treaty. In 1813, however,
that is, at a time when we possessed an immense
influence in Portugal, as Kell as- with the Go-
vernment of the Brazils, and which on more than
one occasion was unduly exercised, a doubt arose
among the persons interested in the Woollen Trade,
whether or not the goods of this denomination
ought to be included in the 15th Article in'a
ge-
net;al way. On this .a claim was- established
before: the Government, -and British influence
at- the time obtained a Decree from Brazils,
dated sth May, 1814, by which it .was enacted,
" That 'Woollen
.Goods- should be included in
the 15th Article- of the Treaty, and pay 15, in-
stead of 30 per cent. duties,as hitherto had been
the case." • This alteration in the duties by the
Rio Janeiro Government was made in opposition
to the opinion of the Lisbon Board of Finance,
expressed in a Report, dated 28th September,
1813... The Woollen Trade remained -on this
footing till the late change in Portugal ; but the
impression generally entertained was, that the
alteration in the duties had been Obtained con-
trary to the meaning of the Treaty, through un-
due influence. Last July the attention of the
"Cortes was called to this subject, and it was re-
ferred to a Committee) who thereon made the

" That the 15th Article of the said last Treaty of 1810,
which possibly served as a pretext for the above prejudicial re-
duction and loss to the public revenue, does in fact stipulate the
admission of all goods of the produce, manufacture, and in-
dustry of British subjects, on payment of a general duty of 15
per cent.; but as the said 26th Article of the same Treaty is
subsequent thereto and which declares thatthe stipulations con-
tained in the former Treaties relating to the admission of Por-
tugal Wines' on the one hand, and British Woollens on the
other, were for the present to remain without any alteration,
the latter evidently became a clear exception of the afortsaid
Article.

•
" That this exception is the more just and obvious, as at the
time the last Treaty was made, the difference between the re-
spective duties on Portugal Wines and British Woollens was so
disproportioned, that this became the object of the laid 26th
Article, for, notwithstanding the want of restriction in the
Treaty of 1703, and the full liberty"to which this gave rise,
duties equal to 30 per cent. were exacted in Portugal on Wool-
lens, when, on the contrary, in Great Britain, more than 200
per cent. were demanded on Portugal Wines, that is, more than
twice the original value of the Wine.
" And, finally, in consequence of all the above reasons, it
follows that the reduction in theduties on Woollensin Portugal
was as unjust as it was erroneous, and that on this account, as
it is improper any longer to tolerate so great a deficiency in the
revenue, it is the opinion of the Committee that the duty of 30
per cent. should,be re-established as formerly, and levied in all
the Custom-houses."

I . Such are the facts and authOrities I have been
able to collect on this curious -and interesting
I question, and certainly, when duly considered,
they acquit the Cortes of Portugal of the crime
of having infringed the existing Treaty with
Great Britain, 'which, in-the 26th Article, ex-
pressly points out on what footing British Wool=
lens were to rest, thus rendering them au excep-
tion to the general merchandize alluded to in the
15th. 'Whether the Portuguese Cortes have acted
wisely. and politically on this occasion, is another
question; but I am inclined to think, under ex-
isting circumstances, they have. Asa Legislative
Body, they are bound to protect their own ma-
nufactures, and, in . a competition .with us, this
could not be done. by a less duty: than .30 per
cent., and even then, at the present prices of
Wools, there is ample. scope for 'ow' manufac-
turers. Not to have restored the primitive ope-
ration of the Treaty, accidentally suspended as
it was, would have been contrary to their oaths
and the very. object for which they were af4.m..
bled. It is notto be concealed, that our existing
Treaty, that is, Lord Strangford's, as it is • usthrlly
culled, is by no means popular in Portugal.lt is sup-
poSed to have been obtained whilst a corrupt Minis-
try held the reins of Government in Rio Janeiro,
and at a time when our Government, from a vt.t
riety of circumstances, possessed an unbounded
influence over the Councils of •the Portuguese
Monarch, and during- 'a period when the affairs
of his kingdom were in a most 'unsettled state.
1 On this account it is unpopular, now that a new '
order of things has been established.. Neverthe-
less, we are equally ready to acknowledge that,
in our Opinion, the Portuguese themselves feel
the benefit of lowering the duties on the general
.class of British merchandize; that. is, cottons,
hardware, Szc. from 23 to 15 per cent. as was
done -by the Treaty in question, because these
are chiefly articles of transit, and not consumed
in the country, since they pass on to Spain ; and
this must continue to be the case as long as the
present 'restrictive laws are kept in force. Wool-
len goods, on the contrary, -are chiefly used'.for
home consumption, and, of these the Portuguese
have some manufactures, which besides they na-
turally feel 'anxious. to encourage. No one re-
joices more than ourselves, when our country-
men obtain advantages in trade, or a new outlet
for their manufactures; but ' commercial treaties,
to be satisfactory and lasting, must lie fair,
perfectly equalised and reciprocal. The Por-
tuguese have seen our Finance Minister, when-
ever it suits his convenience, raise 'the duties
on Oporto Wines to fifty-five pounds per pipe,
that is, 200 per cent. on the prime cost, without
taking into consideration that the duties paid by
us in Portugal were fixed and stationary, and- in
no proportion whatever with the rates .lesied in
Our ports. Fortunately for tbe Portuguese, theSe
excessive duties have not diminished the consump-
tion of Port Wines in Great Britain, which, for I

" Two years since the writer was at Patterson, and all the
cotton factories there (which, however, amount to only eight,
instead of sixteen) were then in operation. The number of
spindles in the whole does not exceed ten thousand: and in
Manchester there are establishments of sixty thousand. •So
much for these extensive factories,' and the sage remarks
which have been elicited from the Editor of the Mercury.'
The spinning machinery of these extensive factories' is such
as, with the exception of one mill of five hundred spindles,
would be considered of little value in England.
" I would advise cotton-spinners and weavers in this coun-
try, not to be deluded by such false and exaggerated state-
ments as often appear in the AmeriCan papers. They. are
merely inserted for the purpose of being copied into the English
Radicalpublications. I have frequently met in the United
States with men who had good situations in England, and who
have been months without employment in America.
" Your's, &c.

" Y.+►