The Sun.
London, England, 1845-02-01 00:00:00

Tti E S UN, LION 33_ ON, S A !ZJ RD A ENIN (e, rA,

right of sovereignty, had ',removed him from
the island. So far, whatever opinion we might
have of the conduct of those who had seized
upon the dominions of a defencelesss female,
we should have no right to interfere in any
manner. The French authorities had as much
right to remove a suspected Englishman Prom Ota-
heite as the British authorities would have to re-
move a suspected Frenchman from Hong-Kong.
But it is added, that Mr. Pritchard was re
moved with circumstances of unnecessary hard-
ship, and that he sustained a pecuniary loss
by his removal, and then came the ordinary,
the almost every day case, of out. Government
claiming a pecuniary compensation for losses
suffered by one of its subjects from the acts of an-
other Government. The compensation was granted
and allowed ; and within these narrow limits the
matter ought to have lain from the first, and within
these limits it arrived at last, after kindling a flame
that nearly spread over Europe—a conflagration to
cost millions of lives, hundreds of millions of money,
and to throw back the civilisation of mankind
for a century. " Behold how great a matter a
little fire kindleth." 'Well might the Apostle, speak-
ing of every organ of falsehood, say, that it is a
" world of iniquity," " setting on fire the course of
nature, and itself set on fire of hell"—" an unruly evil,
full of deadly poison." These are harsh expressions,
but they are not more harsh than just, and they
are not ours ; and what St. James says of the
tongue may be said, even with greater correctness, of
a greedy, mercenary, lying, and incendiary press.
The proof is before us. What magnified the
simple affair of Mr. Pritchard, such as we have
described it, into an occasion of danger to the
peace of the whole world ? The greediness of
one notorious journal, always eager to get hold of
an exciting subject, or to garnish an indifferent
subject with excitement, because, as the profit and
popularity of gin-palaces !prove, nothing pays se
well as excitement. By the false representatio:
of Mr. Pritchard, as British Consul, at the time of
his removal—a statement the falsehood of which
must have been known to the narrator of the event
—an ordinary case of individual injury, which might
be compensated without involving any political consi-
derations, as, in fact it has been, was magnified into a
national outrage, to be atoned for only by a national
submission. In this sense the event was, in consequence
of the first lying report, received by the people of this
country, and all resolved, at whatever risk, to vindi-
cate the honour of the British flag; while our neigh-
bours, fully as high-spirited and, at least, as excite-
able as ourselves, answered defiance with defiance.
But when the truth came to be known, the reflect-
ing men in both countries became heartily ashamed
of the intemperance into which they had
been betrayed by a stupid falsehood, and the
thing sank in their estimation to an affair of pounds,
shillings, and pence, due to a British gentleman, be-
cause of some losses and injuries sustained by him
through the, perhaps, necessary arrangements of a
French colonial government. The ill- feeling, however,
we see, still rankles in the breasts of many Frenchmen,
and not altogether without some excuse, for the
French authorities were the parties, the gross misre-
presentation of whose conduct bred the original quar-
rel. And yet France is the only party that, under
the circumstances, can make any reparation.
True, as we have some ten times said, all this
is purely accidental ; true, Mr. Pritchard's
claim is personal, and not in any respect national.
After having ourselves, upon misinformation, con-
founded the two considerations of national and per-
sonal, we cannot expect that all Frenchmen will
speedily distinguish them ; and all this is the work of
one greedy and unscrupulous journal, the share of
which in producing so much danger is already for-
gotten—of one greedy and unscrupulousjournal that,
with a like hope of gain and of prompt oblivion and
pardon of its misconduct, would fling another fire-
brand of the same kind to-morrow.

7
151

67%
16:%
62

1414

61A
151y2
491,
22

STEAM POWER SUPERSEDED.
For centuries upon centuries, till within our own
days, water, as the origin of motive power, has had the
supremacy over steam. For the last 40 or 50 years
steam has been making rapid strides towards the
complete subjugation of water; but, like all unnatu-
ral or forced operations, its victory appears near its
end, and the power of water once more assumes its
wonted superiority, and eclipses once more and foi
ever the power of steam.
No one can be surprised at this who reflects that,
while the power or la vs of matter are innate or inhe-
rent, the power of steam is only acquired, and may
be said to be artificial or unnatural, being forced by
the ingenuity of man into that state upon which its
Lower entirely depends.
We have been led into these remarks by the cir-
cumstance of having been favoured with the inspec-
tion of an invention for which a patent has lately been
taken out; and if we may be permitted to judge of it
from the opinions of some of our leading scientific
men, who have investigated it, and who declare that
" they cannot (however astounding its effects) see any
error or fallacy in it, or any reason why it should not
answer," we must look upon its success as certain.
But what inspires us with even more confidence is,
that while the structure of the new invention is so ex-
tremely simple that a child may comprehend it, it does
not violate any one law in natural philosophy, More-
over, the inventor (a professional gentleman) is a man
of scientific acquirements, well acquainted with
nature's laws, and perfectly aware of the various in-
ventions and the causes of their failure, which have of
late years been devised for the purpose of superseding
;team, whether by condensed air, water power, me-
chanical contrivances, electricity, &c. Ile does not,
he says, pretend to have created power; this, he
properly observes, is impossible, but has merely
availed himself of those laws or properties with which
the Creator has endowed matter, and by a combination

29

711,44
131/

44J/4
42

21A;
2d/4
LO3/4

of the same to make them (as the inventors of steam-
engines, water-mills, Scc., have) subservient to the
use of man.

The fundamental principle on which the new en-
gine is founded is precisely similar to that of the hy-
draulic press, the power of which, every one knows,
can only he limited by the strength of the materials
of which it is made. But what has hitherto rendered
the power of the hydraulic press inapplicable to th
production of motive power is, that, just in proportion
as the power is gained speed is lost, and rice versa.
In the present invention, however, unlimited power is
gained without the loss of speed, the piston of the
large cylinder travelling, at each stroke, with the
power gained, just the same distance as the piston of
the lesser cylinder. This power and this speed,
which are in inverse ratio of each other, appear by
this most important invention (however paradoxical)
actually combined.
We are not at liberty to give the public a more
particular account of the nature of this invention
than the words of the title of the patent—viz., " The
llydro-Mechanic Apparatus, which, by a combination
of hydraulic and mechanical properties, on well-known
scienti.ic principles, is intended to supersede the use
of fire and steam in working and propelling all kinds
of machinery and engines"—thus effecting an enor-
mous saving, and avoiding the imminent danger arising
from the explosive nature of steam.
It may well be asked, where will human ingenuity
end ?—From a Scientific Correspondent of a Morning
Paper.

FRIDAY NIGHT'S GAZETTE.
WHITEHALL, JAN. 25, 1845.
The Queen has been pleased to &reit lettets patent
to be passed ur,der. th'e Great Seal, appointing the
Right HO it Henry Thomas Lowry Corry, Joseph
Ruble, Aaron Chapman, Edward Royd Rice, and Thomas
Baring, Esqs., Francis Beaufort, Eeq.., Cana in me
Royal Navy, or the Ily'dtotritPher of the Admiralty for
tie One logtig .; George Biddel Airy, Esq., or the
Astfoliomer Royal for the time being ; John Washing-
ton, Esq., Captain in the Royal Navy ; and Henry John
Shepherd, Esq., or the Counsel for the Affairs of the
Admiralty and Navy for the time being, her Majesty's
Commissioners for inquiring into the state of the har-
bours, shores, and rivers of the United Kingdom.
DOWNING-STREET, JAN. 29.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint Edmund
Murray Dodd, Esq., to be her Majesty's Solicitor-General
for the province of Nova Scotia.
FOREIGN-OFFICE, JAN. 29.
Her Majesty has been pleased to appoint E. Gabriel,
jun., Esq., in the room of C. F. F. Clintoa, Esq., de-
ceased, to be Arbitrator, on the part of her Majesty,
in the Mixed British and Portuguese Commission, esta-
blished at the city of Loanda, in the province of Angola,
under the treaty, concluded at Lisbon on the 3EI of July,
1842, between Great Britain and Portugal, for the sup-
pression of the slave trade.
WAR-OFFICE, JAN. 31.
Ist Dragoons—Lieut. Sir C. W. C. Burton, That.,
from 44th Foot, to be Lieutenant, sic! Noake, who ex-
changes, Jan. 31.
12th Foot—Gentleman Cadet A. Do Vero Viscount
Malden, from the Royal Military College, to be Ensign,
without purchase, vice Stewart, who resigns, Jan. 31.
15th Foot—Gentleman Cadet E. Y. Peel, from the
Royal Military College, to be Ensign, without purchase,
vice Stuart, who resigns, Jan. 31.
18th Foot—Capt. C. W. D. Staveley, from 87th Foot,
to be Captain, vice Murray, who exchanges, Jan. 31.
33d Foot—Lieut. E. Winnington to be Captain, by
purchase, vice Knight, who retires ; Ensign 11. D. Ellis
to bo Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Winnington ; F.
Bennett, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Ellis,
Jan. 31.
35th Foot—Lient. W. Shearman, from the 91st Foot,
to be Paymaster, vice Holmes, appointed to the 15th
Light Dragoons, Jan. 31.
36th Foot—Capt. G. B. Calcott, from half-pay 7th
Foot, to be Captain, vice De Lacy, promoted; Lieut. W.
W. Abbott to be Captain, by purchase, vice Calcott, who
retires; Ensign W. R. Rainsford to be Lieutenant, by
purchase, vice Abbott; G. L. R. Berkeley, Gent., to be
Ensign by purchase, vice Rainsford, Jan. 31.
44th Foot—Lieutenant 8.. C. Noake, from the let
Dragoons, to be Lieutenant, vice Sir C. Burton, who
exchanges, Jan. 31.
49th Foot—Lieutenant W. Ogilvy, from the 85th
Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Rand, appointed to the Staff
at Chatham, Jan. 31.
71st Foot—Ensign A. A. Brice, to be Lieutenant,
without purchase, rice Mackenzie, deceased, Dec. 22.
1844; Sergeant-Major R. Harkness, to be Ensign, vice
Brice, Jan. 31.
73d Foot—W. P. Hodgson, M.D., to be Assistant-
Surgeon, vice Martin, promoted in the 55th Foot, Jan 31.
87th Foot—Captain A. Murray, from the 18th Foot,
to be Captain, Nice Staveley, who exchanges, Jan. 31.
Rifle Brigade—Capt. W. H. Phibbs' from half-pay
Unattached, to be Captain, lice E. H. Glegg, who ex-
changes, receiving the difference ; Capt. W. Elliott, from
half-pay Unattached, to be Captain, vice W. H. Phibbs,
who exchanges ; Lieut. E. A. Somerset to be Captain,
by purchase, vice Elliott, who retires ; Second Lieut.
A. A. Cartwright to be First Lieutenant, by purchase,
vice Somerset ; S. Lord Kilworth to be Second Lieut.,
by purchase, vice Cartwright, Jan. 31.
Ist West India Regiment—Surgeon J. E. Stewart,
from half-pay 84th Foot, to be Surgeon, vice M'Donald,
appointed to the Staff, Jan. 17.
BREVET.—Capt. G. B. Berkeley Calcott, of the 36th
Foot, to be Major in the Army, Jan. 10, 1837.
HOSPITAL STAFF.-11. Huish, M.D., to be Assistant
Surgeon to the Forces, vice Townsend, deceased, Jan. 31.
MEMORANDUM.—The Christian names of Ensign Mo•
rant, of the 68th Regiment, are Horatio Harboard. The
Christian names of Lieutenant de Robeck, of the Bth
Foot, are John Henry Edward.
Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire.
Sherwood Rangers--J. Hardcastle, Gent., to be Lieu-
tenont, vice C. Colville, resigned, Jan. 24.
ADMIRALTY, JAN. 29.
Corps of Royal Marines—Gentleman Cadet 11. S.
Baynes to be Second Lieutenant.
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.
Hilary Term.—ln the Eighth Year of the Reign of
Queen Victoria.
Wednesday, the 29th day of January, 1845.
The Court will, on Thursday the 13th day of February
next, hold a sitting, and will proceed to give judgment in
certain of the matters standing over for the consideration
of the Court. N. C. TINDAL.
WHITEHALL, JAN. 24.
The Lord Chancellor has appointe I Josias Bull York,
of Coleshill, in the county of Was wick, Gent., to be a
Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery.
WHITEHALL, JAN. 29.
The Lord Chancellor has appointed Richard Grave
Hindson, of Penrith, in the county of Cumberland, Gent.,
to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of
Chancery.
DECLARATION OF INSOLVENCY.
J. White, leather-seller, Great St. Andrew-street,
Seven- dials.

BANKRUPTS.
W. Burt, lodging-housekeeper, Lisson-grove, New-
road, to surrender Feb. 7, at half-wst one, and March
13, at half-past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy.
Alsager, official assignee, Birchin-lane ; Lowrance and
Hews, Bucklersbury.
James Argent, victualler, Golden-lane, Barbican,
Feb. 6, at eleven, and March 14, at one, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Belcher, official assignee, King's Arms-
yard, City ; Cook, King-street, Cheapside.
Edward Cooper Flowers, cattle dealer, Whitchurch,
Buckinghamshire, Feb. 6, and March 14, at twelve, at
the Court of Bankruptcy. Belcher, official assignee,
Ring's Arms-yard, London ; Close, St. Mildred's-court,
Poultry.
Richard Harris end John Hill, tailors, Newgate-street
Feb. 15, at two, and March 15, at oae, at. the Court of
Bankruptcy. Green, official assignee, Aldermanbury ;
May, Queen's-square, Bloomsbury.
Samuel Brice, tailor, St. John-street, Feb. 7, at twelve,
and March 14, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Graham,
official assignee, Coleman-street; Garry, Chancery-lane.
Richard Greenwood, bookseller, Bradford, Feb. 13,
and March 6, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court.
Young, official assignee, Leeds ; Nethersole, New Inn,
London ; Cariss, Leeds.
John Collins, grocer, Sheffield, Feb. 13, and March 6,
at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. Freeman, official
assignee, Leeds ; Duncan, Featherstone•buildings, Hol-
born ; Unwin, Sheffield ; Blackburn, Leeds.
John Hepworth and David Hepworth, cotton warp
dyers, Raistrick, Feb. 10, and March 3, at eleven, at the
Leeds District Court. Fearne, official assignee, Leeds ;
Lever, King's-road, Bedford-row, London ; England and
Hellawell, Huddersfield.
Thomas Whyte, hardware merchant, Birmingham,
Feb. 7, at half- past eleven, and March 11, at eleven, at
the Birmingham District Court. Valpy, official asnig-
nee, Birmingham ; Ryland, Birmingham.
Edwin Llewellin Robinson, fellmonger, Moulton, Lin-
colnshire, Feb. 11, at half-past twelve, and March 11, at
twelve, at the Birmingham District Court. Christie,
official assignee, Birmingham; Bonner and Son, Spalding ;
Motteram and Knowles, Birmingham.
William Upton Lester, silk manufacturer, Newcastle-
under-Lyme, Feb. 8, and March 4, at twelve, at the
Birmingham District Court. Whitmore, official assignee,
Birmingham; White and Co., Bedford-row, London ;
Ward and Co., Newcastle-under-Lyme.
William Blinkhorn, manufaetui ing chemist, Little
Bolton, Lancashire, Feb. 18, and March 10, at twelve, at
the Manchester District Court. Fraser, official assignee,
Manchester ; Fox, Finsbury-circus, London ; Earle,
Manchester and Ashton-under-Lyne.
John Irving, linendraper, Blackburn, Feb. 13, and
March 6, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court.
Hobson, official assignee, Manchester ; Milne, Parry,
Milne, and Morris, Temple, London ; Wilding and
Fisher, Blackburn,
William Fielding, hat plush manufacturer, Taunton,
Lancashire, Feb. 11, and March 5, at twelve, at the
Manchester District Court. Holt, official assignee,
Manchester; Gregory, Faulkner, Gregory, and Bour-
dilion, Bedford-row, London; Cooper, Manchester.
Absalom Francis, William Davy, and Matthew
Francis, ironfounders, Dee Bank Forge, Bagilt, Flint-
shire, Feb. 10, and March 4, at twelve, at the Liverpool
District Court. Morgan, official assignee, Liverpool ;
Cox and Williams, Lincoln's Inn-fields, London ; Old-
field, Holywell, Flintshire.
Robert Jones, bootmaker, Liverpool, Feb. 14, and
March 14, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court.
Morgan, official assignee, Liverpool; Troughton, Liver-
pool ; Keddell, Baker, and Grant, Lime-street, City.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.

J. Phillips, P. Facey, and B. Broughton, lace machine
makers, Chard, Somersetshire —C. Lister and J.
Cleworth, chemists, Liverpool—M. A. Clayton and A.
Clough, milliners, Nottingham—R. and T. L. Banks,
tallow chandlers, Limehouse—W. Wiley, jun., W.
Beckett, and J. Wiley, japanners, Wolverhampton—J.
Bell and J. Eagle, linen factors, Bow-lane--D. Fryer
and J. Prince, colliers, Bailden, Yorkshire—F. Shack-
lock and J. I. Evans, maltsters, Ashfield, Nottingham.
shire—W. Watson, J. Brook, J. Murgatroyd, and C.
Stead, stonemasons, Huddersfield (so far as regards W.
Watson)—J. and A. Newbery, fringe manufacturers,
Percy-street, Bedford-square--A. and J. Parr, shrimp
dealers, Blackpool, Lancashire—S. Relf and J. Neale,
wine merchants, Reigate—W. Sykes and R. Crosland,
woollen spinners, Almondbury, I orkshire—G. Muir and
T. Marshall, drapers, Newcastle-upon-Tyne—T. Mar-
shall and A. Purvis, grocers, Newcastle upon-Tyne—
11. Waterhouse, W. Boulton, and W. Morris, cotton
spinners, Manchester (so far as regards W. Boulton)
J. Pearson and S. Price, chartermasters, Kingswinford,
Staffordshire—H. and T. P. Hull, hosiers, Leicester—
T. Foster, sen., and W. Foster, jun., joiners, Nottingham
--J. Finch, sen.' J. Finch, jun., and W. Dickinson,
iron founder, Blackburn—C. Candy and W. Dean, Wat-
ling-street, City.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE.

(troth the London New Price Current of Jan. 31.)
SUGAR.-To-day the demand was extremely limited
for West India Sugar, only 150 hhds feund purchasers;
making the aptal sales for the sl-elek C;io hlids and trete
ed the ("LlQ'cline in prices Is per cwt, excepting for fine
yellow, in which there is very little alteration.
EAST INDIA.-This afternoon Bengal Sugar met with
attention, and 1,31 bags at auction were all sold at
steady rates ; white fetched 65s to 665, good 62s 6d,
damp and washed 54s 60_ td 11::: ad; aose
sound yeliSaV at 56s to 58s, middling 54s 6,
to 555, low 46s to 48s 6d, camp and washed 44s
to 53s 6d, sound brown 42s to 445, damp and washed 41s
to 425. The sales were mostly small and irregular ; 21
cases of Ceylon were withdratan. Of Madras '2,otla bags
were offered at public sale and all sold, principally for
Refining, damp and washed fetched 403 to 495, and fine
yellow ditto 51s Gd to 52s 6d per cwt, being the full worth.
FOREIGN.-Although there is still little inquiry after
yellow llavailtiah Sugar, still merchants remain firm, and
will not sell but at full prices ; yellow is held for 20s
to 235, and brown 18s to 19s 6d per cwt. For white
there are not sellers under late quotations. There has
been some inquiry for brown Brasil, and former terms
are offered, but the market is scantily supplied ; white
has met with little attention, yet previous rates are in-
sisted upon. The business transacted privately in other
sorts has been trifling, and 278 hhds 185 brls of Porto
Rico at auction were taken in at moderate rates, that is
to say, fine yellow rather soft at 235, good 20s 6d to 21s
6d, mid 205, washed 20s Gd to 235, repacked from loose in
ships' hold 16s per cwt.
REFINED.-Any material decline in the value of Re-
fined Sugar is at present prevented by the small supply,
but the home trade have purchased very sparingly. We
quote brown lumps 71s to 71s 6d ; Standard Lumps 72s
to 72s 6d ; Tittlers, low to middling, 71s to 72s 6d, good
73s to 755, fine and very fine 76s to 80s ; Hamburgh
Loaves 72s Eal to 81s, double ditto 82s to 90s, and wet
lumps 70s per cwt. For low Bastards 37s to 38s ac-
cepted, 39s to 41s for middling, 42s to 45s good, and 46s
to 51s per cwt for fine. For Pieces the demand has been
good, fine selling at 65s to 68s, go al 61s to 645, mid-
dling 56s to 60s, and low 52s to 55s per cwt. There has
been a brisker demand for Treacle, sales of West India
at 20s to 20s 6d, Patent 21s to 225, and Golden Syrup
23s to 26s per cwt. For Loaves the demand has been
good; Turkey double refined is lid, and 41bs 37s to 41s.
Ilainburgh. Gibs 34s 6d, 9 to 101bs 345, 13 to 1411 as 335,
Tittlers 20 to 301bs 32s to 32s Gd, Prussian 40 to 451bs
325. Pieces are fetching 25s to 275, Bastards yellow
20s to 21s, and brown 16s to 19s. To day the demand
was limited for refined goods, and in some cases the
rates taken were rather lower.
MAURITIUS.---Although the market has been abun-
dantly supplied, still buyers have purchased largely, in
consequence of the moderate rates. On Tuesday and
Wednesday the public sales of 2 628 bags 109 casks
went at a decline on last week's rates of is per cwt-fine
yellow at 61s to 635, good 57s to 57s 6d, gsod middling
55s 6d to 56s 6d, middling 52s to 545 6d, low 50s to
51s 6d, low brown 42s to 42s 6d, middling 43s 6d to
45s 6d. Yesterday 10,425 bags 502 casks at auc-
tion went at a further decline of 6d to Is
per cwt for good and fine yellow ; but other sorts
went at full rates, indeed in soa-as cases a small ad-
vance was obtained; very fine yellow fetched 63s to
633 6d, fine 39s 6d to 625, good 56s to 595, • middling
52s 6d to 555, low 50s to 525, low to geod grey 48s to
49s 6d, low and middling brown 39s to 445, fine 49s 6d
to 50s. The chief part consisted of bright grocery de-
scriptions. The stock exceeds that of last season by
54,546 bags. The decline in prices this year has been
from 43 to 6s.
COFFEE.-This afternoon three parcels of Mocha
Coffee, amounting to 773 bales And 30 cases, were offered
at public sale; the demand was good, and every lot was
actually disposed of at fully former rates ; indeed, in
st me cases a small advance was obtained : middling
greenish clean garbled fetched 60s to 625, low
middling 58s to 59s 6d, rather broken 53s to
54s 6d, good middling yellow long berry 71s, middling
ditto 68s, sea damaged 635, small broken 465, middling
bright sound yellowish 60s 6d to 61s: 126 bales 14 half-
bales Pedang were nearly all withdrawn- a few lots of
black were sold at 14s 6d to 16s. Of Ceylon, 160 bags were
sold at is advance, and fetched 52s to 52s 6d for good ord
coloury ; 68 casks of West India went at steady prises,
fine fine ordinary Jamaica 72s to 755, dingy 50s, V•er-
bico low mid 70s, fine ordinary 655, good ord s2s 6d, but
a part only sold. There was more done privately in
good ord pale Ceylon at 51s to 51s 6d per cwt.
TEA.-The market has presented a brisker appearance
for Black and Green Tea this week; merchants have
manifested firmness, and none has been submitted to
public competition ; the general tendency of prices
is upwards. The deliveries continue to be as
large as ever, and there is no kind of Tea pressing
upon the market. For the lower descriptions of
Congou there has been an extensive demand from the
trade, and the rates paid show an advance on those of
the public sales of last week of id per lb, indeed the
market has been nearly cleared of these kinds, com-
mon has fetched 1 lid to Is, and good common
is Oad to is laid, in other sorts several purchases
have bees made, and at stiffer rates, rather coarse to
rather strong selling at is Oid to Is 2d, blackish leaf to
blackish leaf rather strong is 3d to is 6d, strong Is 7d
to is 10(1, blackish leaf Pekoe kind la lld to 2s 6d per
lb. In Pouchong there has been a good deal doing, and
prices are 'still going up ; the sorts most in re-
quest are those from 7d to lid, clean cannot
be purchased under the former figure. The stock is
nearly all in second hands. Twankay is not higher, but
at former terms the demand has been very good, yel-
low leaf realising is 2id to is 3id, brightish leaf Is
4d to Is 9d, and Hyson kind Is 10d to 2s sd. Ilyson
has been in excellent demand, and very full rates
are given, common selling at 2s 6d to 2s 7d ;
fair to good 2s 8d to 2a lld ; and superior 3s to
to 4s 6d; at 2s 6d a very large parcel of common yellow
leaf imported in 1838 has been sold. Young Hyson has
been sought after, Canton and Twankey kind at 2s to 2s
4d, and Ilyson kind 2s 6(1 to 3s Gd. Gunpowder is
much wanted, but there not being much in the
market the trade are :compelled to pay stiff rates ;
sales made at 2s 9d to 3s 2d for Canton, and
Twankey kind and Ilyson kind 3s 3d to 4s Bd. Imperial
has met with a good demand at 2s 7d to 2s lld fo
Canton and Twankey kind, and Hyson kind 3s to 3s 6d.
Of fine scented Orange Pekoe the supply is un-
usually small, and buyers are in consequence compelled to
pay the high rates of 33 5d to 3s 6d per lb. In Hyson
skin sales have been made at 10d to Is 6d per lb. The
trade are not overstocked with Tea, and there is only a
small quantity in the hands of speculators.
RICE.-There has been an improved demand for Bengal
Rice, and former rates are supported, although the
market has been better supplied ; by private con-
tract some parcels have been disposed of, and
2 591 bags were sold at and after the public
sales, good mid white at 115 to 11s 6d, good white
lls 6d, sea damaged, first class lOs 6d to 1 ls, second
class lOs to lOs 6d, third class Os 6d to 10s, and fourth
class 8s per cwt. Stocks in second hands are reduced to
a low ebb, and there is a good consumption going on.
Madras is wanted, and previous prices are well sus-
tained ; by private treaty several parcels have
been disposed of, and at auction 1,182 bags fetched
8s Gd for pinky rather dusty and broken, 9s ad for
common white Bengal kind, and 6s to fis per cwt for sea
damaged. Java has been sought after, and full prices
offered, but the supply market is still scanty; yellow is
worth 8s 6d to 9s 6d, and white 10s to 12s 6d per owt.
Cleaned Rice in good demand, Patna at 13s ad to 17s,
Carolina first sort 28s, inferior 23s per cwt.
RUM, BRANDY, AND HOLLANDS.-Holders of Leeward
Island have been desirous to sell this week, and sub-
mitted to a reduction on former rates of Id to ld per
gallon, still buyers have purchased with reluctance, and
only 50 puns have been sold at 2s ld to 2s 2d per gallon
proof strength. Demerara met with little attention, and
a decline in the value of ld to 2d has occurred; ouly 40
puns have been sold at 3s id to 3s 2d for 33 to 39 per
cent overproof. Jamaica of fine and high flavoured
quality is much wanted, and command stiff rates; several
parcels sold at 5s to 7s per gallon, but for all other sorts
the market is in a very dull state, and prices
are drooping ; 4s accepted for 20 puns of good
quality 33 per cent. above proof. Although Calcutta
Rum can be purchased at 2s per gallon proof, with
certificate, still there has been scarcely any business
dine this week. A Government contract for Rum it is
expected will be shortly declared. In Brandy there has
been less business done, but purchases cannot generally
be made on lower terms. Cognac, best brands of the
vintage of 1838, hhds 5s 3d, puns 5s id ; 1839, hhds ss,
puns 4s 10d; 1840, hhds ss, puns 4s 10d ; 1841, hhds
4s 11d, pans 4s 9d; 1842, hhds 4s Bd, puns 4s 6d ; 1843,
hhds 4s 6d, puns 4s 4d, common 2s 8d to 2s I Id, mid to
good mid 3s to 4s, and Bordeaux 2s 6d to 2s 9d per
gallon ; indeed, upon these terms some holders will not
sell. The supply of Geneva being still small, buyers
are compelled to pay Is 10d to la Ild for export,
and 2s 4d to 3s 6d for fine fit for duty. The market is
firm for English Corn Spirits at lOs 2d, cash.
INDIGO-The quarterly sales of Indigo, which ter-
minated on Wednesday, consisted of 7,457 chests, viz.,
3,710 Bengal and Benares, 703 Oudes, 2,980 Madras
130 Pondicherry, 24 Java,
and Kurpah, 57 Manilla,
and 40 Prussian blue. Of the quantity brought forward
1,293 chests were withdrawn, and 580 bought in, leaving
the quantity in the sale about 5,602 chests. Of the total
quantity sold, about 1,200 chests have been taken
for the home trade, 4,200 for export, and about
1,900 upon speculation. The following are the
general quotations : good and fine shipping 2d to 5d
advance, ord and mid ditto par to 3d ditto, good and fine
consuming par to 3d ditto, low and ord ditto par to 2d
ditto, Madras good and fine 2d to 5d lower, ord ditto par
to 4d ditto, Kurpah generally about par to 2d higher.
Blue Violet none in the sale : Violet fine 5s 43 to 5s 9d,
mid and good 4s 4d to 55, ord 3s to 4s, copper fine 5s to
5s 6d, mid and good 4s to 4s 9d, very low and ord 2s 9d
to 3s 6d, broken for the home trade 3s 2d to 4s, Madras
good and fine 3s to 4s 6d, low and ord 2s 4d to 2s 9d,
off
little for
Rough,
Kurpah good and fine 3s 3d to 4s 9d, very low to ord
2s 4d to 3s, Oude 2s Id to 3s 3d, Manilla 2s to 3s 4d,
Java fine 4s 2d to 55 9d.
SALTPETRE.-The demand
and a greater desire is manifested on the part of heaesn fallen
very
business
im-
porters to realise ; there has been
transacted by private contract, and of 4,458 bags Cal-
cutta at auction, a very small part only found purchasers
at a decline on former rates of 6d per cwt. English
refined is firm in price, and in good demand at 29s 6d to
30s per cwt.
TURPENTINE.-Spirits have been purchased with
caution at 303 to 30s 6d ; Bough is held for 7s 9d to ss
per nwt, but there is not much business doing ; the stock
is on the increase.
Seices.-Importers of Cassia Lignea being willing
sellers, the demand was good, middling and good mid-
dling descriptions declined is per cwt, but inferior kinds
supported previous rates. The arrivals are much larger
than last year ; prices are lower than at that time.
Black Pepper in excellent request at the previous cur-
rency; 1,337 bags were sold at and after the public
sale, viz.-good light Penang at 21d sea damaged, first
dm 2id to lid, second class lid, ditto and repacked

,
iiti liaga dr. Atal6.l)Eti-.4d Id ltd for rod fair
firoivn, 2gd fottibp andqa to Ott for sta damitged--=--by
privitte contract 2 dto 44(1 per 113 f r Stimittra of low
and good duality. Tlie.arri47alg dp not ttitf,terittlly e -
coed the deliveries. White is still little inquire d after;
and rather lower rates are accepted. There is still a
large supply of Pimento at market, and a further de-
cline of id per lb has taken place—at auction 781 bags
were sold at 2 4 to 20 for ordinary and good ordinary,
and at ad to aid for middling and good middling. For
gtitriitesprides are ingintalued. Cloves fetch former
rtitbs. bast *est India (Thiger PI hot rntteh in re-
quest. This afternoon at public sale 814 hags Of Stt-
taws Pepper were taken in at 20 for ordinary stalky
and dusty—sea damaged sold, first class 2.0 to 2ia,
second 20, and third 2d. 2 bags Bourbon Cloves taken
in at 9d prr lb. 154 bags Binge Ringer were taken in
at lOs 6d to 12s for middling.
MOLASSES.—lmporters of West India arc inclined to
realise, but few purchasers are to be met with, and prices
are drooping for all descriptions. For Antigua of fair
quality 22s per cwt accepted ; the stuck is more than
double that of last year.
COCHINEAL.—There has been an extensive demand,
and an advance of 2(1 per lb has taken pi ace ; the public
sales of 220 bags went off with animation : Honduras
silvers low to fine itt 4s 7d to bs Id black ord to mid
Si 3d to 5s sd, end Mexican black 4s 10d to 5s 4d per lb;
there is a very large quantity of Cochineal being con-
sumed in this country, and on the Continent ; stocks in
first hands are greatly reduced.
OlLS.—Although there are free sellers of common de-
scriptions of Fish Oils, still buyers purchase with caution,
and stocks in first hands are under those of former years;
by private contract Cod has been selling at 291 to 291 10s;
Yale Seal 321 105 to 331, Straw 301103 to 321, yellow 291
to 301, brown 281 to 28110 s, and SAithern common to
fine 28/ to 321 per tun. Sperm is plentiful, fine British
is selling at 831 to 841 p,r tun. For Linseed Oil on the
spot, sales having been made at 245 to 24s 3d, for deli-
very all the year extensive contracts have been entered
into at the improved rates of 24s 9d to 255, and 25s 3d
to 25s 6d per cwt. Rape met with ready purchasers,
and prices are going up. Pale 36s 6d to 375, and brown
33s 6d to 36s per cwt. Cocoa Nut in excellent
demand by the home trade and exporters. Ceylon 27s
to 28s 6d, and other sorts 26s to 26s 6d per cwt. Olive
has met a good sale ; Gallipoli at 421 to 421 10s, Spanish
41l to 41/ 13s, and Barbary 39/ to 40/ per tun. Palm
not much wanted, good and fine is 24s 6d to 25s 6d, and
inferior 22s to 24s per cwt. This afternoon at public
sale 5-) tuns of Newfoundland Whale Oil went at 261
to 271.
TALLOW.—Prices were supported for Russian Tallow
during this week, and on the spot there has been a very
good business transacted, the moderate rates that prevail
tempting chandlers and soapmakers to purchase largely;
Petersburgh Yellow Candle of first quality has been
fetching 39s 3d to 40s, and second sort 38s 3d to 393 per
cwt. Home made 41s per cwt net cash. The stock of
Foreign is only 1,800 casks more than in 1844 at this
period; prices are is to 2s per cwt lower than last
year. This afternoon at public sale 582 pkgs of New
South Wiles Tallow went at 34s 6d to 41s, 744 pkgs of
South American 34s 6d to 39$ 6d, 68 pkgs f Cape 39s 9d
to 40s, 138 casks of St. Petersburgh 36s 9d to 39s 6d.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
ARCHES COURT; Jan. 31.
(Before Sir HERBERT JENNZR FUST.)
FAULKNER V. LITCHFIELD AND OTHERS.
In this case the Learned Judge pronounced his deci-
sion this morning.
was an appeal from the decision of the Chancellor
of the diocese of Ely. The case has been several times
before the public. The dispute related to the erection
of a stone altar and credence table in the church of the
Holy Sepulchre, at Cambridge. The altar had been
erected by the churchwardens and parishioners, aided by
the. Cambridge Camden Society, without the consent of
the incumbent. On this account the latter opposed the
issuing of the faculty by the Chancellor of the
diocese ; but that Rev. Gentleman, assisted
by an assessor from Doctors' Commons, decreed in its
favour. Against that decision an appeal was brought to
this Court, and the case was argued at length in the last

term.
The Learned JUDGE C immk.nced by referring to the
pleadings in the cause, which he read at considerable
length. He stated, in his preliminary remarks, that he had
received several letters upon the subject ; some of these
containing references, intended to assist him in obtain-
ing information bearing upim this question, and for such
letters he felt obliged.; but other letters which had
been forwarded to him pointed out what would be the
result of any decision to which he might come ; and
these he could not but regard as an improper interfer-
ence with the high functions which he was called
upon to discharge. He then proceeded to quote
the opinions of various Roman Catholic writers,
for the purpose of showing what in their
view constituted an altar. It was essential that it
should be of stone and immoveable ; and that was given
as the description of the altar in question. Now, it was
advisable t ) see what changes were made in this respect
at the period cf the Reformation, and to trace
what had been the impression in reference to
it from that time down to the present. There
was in the early part of that reign an express in-
junction, or rather exhortation, issued to the church.
wardens, by royal authority, to set up a table, and no
longer the altar formerly used, and the purpose of this
exhortation was to remove ancient superstitions from the
minds of the people. Bishop Ridley, in his visitation,
issued injunctions to the same effect. These injunctions
were at first confined to the diocese of London, and
were not to be considered as having effect in
any other. But it appeared that an order of council was
issued on the same subject ; and OR the 19th of NOYCM
ber, 1550, letters were sent to every bishop enjoining
him to pluck down the altars in his diocese. The order
in council was very strong and specific, especially charg-
ing that, for the avoiding of strife and contention
throughout the diocese, all altars in churches and
chapels should be taken down, and, instead of
them, a table should be set up in some convenient
part of the chancel, which in every such church or chapel
should serve for the administration of the blessed com-
munion. There were also sent to every bishop the con-
siderations on which that order had been founded. In
the year 1550, a general order was given for the removal
of all altars, and the setting up of a table as more proper;
from which time tables were used throughout the kingdom
in the administration of the sacrament. Now such were the
alterations which took place in the short reign of Edward
the Sixth, and they were important, as being the founda-
tion of all subsequent proceedings. At this period a
moveable table of wood was substituted for the altar
previously used. In the reign of Mary things were
restored to the state in which they had been in the latter
years of the reign of Edward the Sixth. Altars were again
erected, and cont. nued to be used in the administra-
tion of the sacrament. As soon as Elizabeth suc-
cceeded to the throne, one of the first and most import-
ant acts of her reign was the repeal of those Acts of
Philip and Mary which had repealed the former Acts
of Edward the Sixth ; and the mode of administering
the sacraments of the Church was restored to what it
had been in the time of Edward the Sixth. The ground
of the alteration was stated to be the removal of the old
superstitions connected with the Pepish mass ; and
the mode of electing that object was to be the
abolition of all the altars, and the substitution
for them of tables. A mere change of name could not
hare been all that was intended, for that alone could not
have tended to remove superstitious notions. Whether
the desired alteration in religious opinion might have
been effected without the substitution of tables for altars
it was not for the Court to conjecture; it was sufficient that
that was then considered the most effectual mode. It was
evidently a substantial, and not merely a nominal change
which was contemplated. In the year 1559 further
orders were issued by Queen Elizabeth, which, after
reciting that, in many parts, the altars had been re-
moved and tables placed for the administration
of the sacrament, and that in other parts the
altars continued to be used, directed that no altar
should be taken down but by the oversight of
the curate or churchwardens, or one of them. He did
not understand that in the Act of Philip and Mary there
was any special order for re-erecting altars; the object
appeared to be to prevent the destruction of altars
already erected. Elizabeth considered it a matter of in-
difference whether the stone altars were removed or
not ; but her intention, as appeared from the
order, was, that the altars should be removed
and tables substituted for them, directing, how-
ever, that no altar should be taken down except
by the oversight of the curate or churchwardens.
The object was to prevent riotous proceedings, persons
having occasionally broken into the places, destroyed
the altars, and committed other desecrations. The
intention to substitute tables for altars was clear,
it being directed that a holy table, decently made, should
be placed where the other had formerly stood ; that it
should so stand, saving when the communion of the
church was to be distributed, at which time the same
should be so placed between the chancel, as that the
minister might be conveniently heard by the communi-
cant& These injunctions were followed up. interpreta-
tions, and further considerations of them, were drawn up by
the archbishops and bishops, which were precisely
in the same spirit. In 1564 the advertisements, as they
were called, were issued, directing that every parish
should provide a decent table standing upon a frame, and
if any doubt existed before this the direction would be con-
clusive. In 1569 Archbishop Parker issued inquiries in
his diocese ; and amongst them was one as to whether
the altars had been taken down according
the injunctions previously issued by the Queen ?
Some doubt might exist as to whether these injunctions
and orders were legal or binding authority ; but it was
sufficient for the purpose of the Court that certain things
were done, that altars were abolished, and that moveable
tables were substituted for them ; and that there was a
total change betih' in form and materials. He
had omitted to mention that in the year 1559 the
church of St. Paul was visited by Commissaries of the
Queen. After the prayers and sermon, the Commis-
saries adjourned to the chapter-house, and the clergy
were enjoined that the cathedral should be purged of
altars, and that a decent table should be provided for
the celebration of the Lord's Supper. Ott the 16th of
April the altars in Westminster Abbey and in Henry the
Seventh's Chapel were abolished, and the images were torn
off the tomb of Queen Mary. Thus a din ect intention
was shown to annihilate anything in the nature of super-
stition so far as it could arise from the use of :'tars which
were connected with the celebration of the mass • There
were, indeed, circumstances in connexion with' Queen
Elizabeth which showed that she herself was nslll very
readily persuaded to abandon the use of images ; and
great anxiety was excited in the minds of some
of '-the Reformers by the fur, that a crucifix was
kept standing on the table. Whether her ob-
ject in retaining this was to conciliate any class odf her
subjects, it was not necessary for the Court to in. qmire.
The acts which were done in her reign in referet ice to
the altar were acts of authority in this country ; t tad it
appeared, distinctly that tables were substituted for
&lows, and that the latter were annihilated, Int