The Sun.
London, England, 1821-01-26 00:00:00

CCS lIS :--

Preamble ofthe Act .of the 3d and 4th of QliCe7l
Anne, c:.-10. .
Whereas, the Royal Navy land "the navigation of 'Eng-
' land, wherein, under God, the wealth, safety, and strength
' of this hingdom is so' much concerned, dependi on the
' dtte supply of stores necessary for the which being
! now brought in mostly from foreign parts in foreign ship:
ping, 'at exhorbitant and arbitrary rates, to. the great pre-
' judiee and discourageMent of the trade and navigation of
' this hingdoni; may be provided in a more certain and
ficial manner from her- Majesty's own dominions. And
whereas her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations ill America
at first settled, and are still maintained and protected
' at a great expense of the treasure of this kingdom, with a
• design to reader them.as useful as may be to England, and
the labour. and industry of the people there, profitable to
themselves: and, in regard to the said Colonies and PlaUta-
' tions, by the vast tracts of land therein lying near the Sea,
and upon Navigable Rivers; may commodiously afford great
qUantities of all sorts.of Naval Stores, if due encouragement
be given.for carrying on so great and advantageous an un-
' deflating; Which will likewise tend not only to the further-
' employment and increase of English Shipping and Seamen.
' but-also to-the enlarging, in a great rnea§nre, the trade and,
cent of-the woollen and other manufactures and cokuniodi,

ties of this Lingiloin, and of other of her Niajesty's dorni

nuns, in exchange for such Naval Stures,, which is now
purchased from Fore4,7n Countries with Money or Bullion:
and for enabling her Majesty's Subjects in the said Colonirs
and Plantations
_to make due and sufficient returns iu thr
' coarse of their Trade.'

" The notion that the British Marine, and, therefore, that
the British Colonies deserve but little, or no consideration of
protection, appears to be one of the most fatal whiCh the
Itritish Legislature can adopt ; it is, however, too much the
fashion of the present hour, especially with the political
economists, and advocates for a free and unrestricted Foreign
Trade, to deride as antiquated and absurd, the maims of
our forefathers, who considered the power and security of
the Country as matters of primary importance; and the pro-
tection and encouragement of our Commercial Alarine, as in-
dispensibte requisites to those objects."

Monsieur TalleYrand„ in his celebrated Pamphlet published
during the Consulate of Buonaparte, speaking of the contem-
plated acquisition of Louisiana, says :
England suffer France tip possess the. most effectual
means of prosecuting War ? Their Navy and th?ir Corn-
' merceare, at present, all their trust. France May add
_ltaly
' and der-many to her dominions with less detriment to Eng-
' land, than would follow the acquisition of a Navy, and did-
' extension of her Trade.
_Whatever gives Colonies to
' France, supplies her with Ships and Sailors, Manufactures
and linsbandmen. Victories,by land can only give her mu;
' litmus subjects ; who, instead of augmenting the national
force by 'their riches or numbers, contribute only to dig-
' peri'e and enfeeble that force ; but the i.rowth of Colvnies
her with zealous citizens ; and the increase of real
' effective nun:hers is the certain consequence,

' ' What, weal& Germany., Italy, Spain, and France, cont-
'hr inr their strength, do againit England They
asci;ail:dc in millions on the shores of the Channel, but Ilan'.
' would lie the 11%4 of their enmity. • Without shiplo carry

them ever`; without experienced mariners to navigate thcst
ships, England would only deride the pompous preparation.

The moment-wo -leave thl shore,' 'her fleets' arc, ready to

pounce upon us, to disperse and de,stroy our ineffectual .ar-
There lies tbeir seen: hit :ih their insular sittia•

!Laments:

lion znd their ,Navy consist their impregnable defence.—

' 'Their Navy is, in every respect, the offspring of their Trade.
torOb them of that, therefore, is to !teat ch)wn,their last,
' wall, and to fill up their last moat. To gain it to ourselves,
' is to enable us to take advantage of their deerted and tie-
fenceless borders, and to complete the humiliation of our
remaining competitor.'

By the official -accounts it appears, that the ships cleared
,out from Great Britain alone (exclusive of those from Ireland
and other places, which may be estimated at one-fourth
more) for the British North American Colonies, in the year
1819', amtmnted to 1520, of the burthen of 340,147 tons, na-

,v4ptetl hy:17,50t Seamen %—that the Ships which arrived in
Great Britain from those Colonies (exclusive or those which
went to trclaiid at other places, or were lost,) amounted to.
Itc.> Ships, of 351,488 tons but-then navigated by- 16,395
Scamen-:-:--abd that the' real value of British and Irish prO-
ditce, and Manufactures exported to them, in the last six
veals; ivak as follows :

.
111,1814
19,.5
1816
1817
1818
1819

. L 4,119,393 17 7
:3,771,091 3 5
•
e. 0270,065 9 0
1,:520,097 6 10
•
1,G1,9,120. 6. 5
1,867,030 12 1
•

By an account, the Ton-nape entered inwards, and cleared
outwards, frOm and to Nona}•, is stated to hare been as
follows c-

Arrived. Cleared.
•
British. Foreign. •British. Fo:eigrr.
• _
, , - _Tons. • ,Tons... • Tons. 'Foos. -
18.17, 22;580 , 52;,713 12,200 44,719
)818,. • , 21,996 85.944 12,887. :2,018
1819, 17,087 82,889 11,700 65,05,1

361',663 221,386 • 36,547. - 1e1,791

Annual Z 20,55 , 2
73,795 1,282 60,697-
Average. S

. .
If, iherefore, we may judge of the description of Ships that
will be crupled in the extended trade with Norway, fl'ori
thoSe which have been, or are now engaged iv it, we may ex,
poet the proportion Will be about one Bri Ship to four
•
Torelgn Ships- of equal size. Upon what,ground, then, are
we to hope,that the increased importation-of Timber would
be chiefly brought in British Vessels ? If the cheaper. naviga-
tion 6f British Ships be sufficient to secure-a preference to
them (and it is assumed in the Report that they sail•chemlt),
.why is so decided a preference now given to Vessels of Nor-

way ?

The shipping which arrived last year, in Great Britaiti„froru
the 5:so:Ili-American Colonies, amounted to 351,48 S Tons,
navigated by 16,395 Men : And the number' which cleared
out for those Colonies . from Great Britain-, amounted •to
340,147 Tun,, navigated by 17,564 Men. Suppose two
thirds of the smaller amount to be ihrown:otit of the Triitte;

t hat is.to say, '2,21;,763 'forts,aml 11,710 Men.
Immense as this awonnt of Shipping is, it is little more

[lie!.

than -half the tonnage engaged in the trade of those Colo-

Tuns'.

The toll
Entered Inwards in the year 1619, w2s 572,66,7

Cleared Outwards,

570,924

A Petition against the proposed new measures was pre-
sented to the House- of Commons by.-the Ship-}guilders of
Lotsdon (who stated that the measure would necessarily. and
unavoidably produce the most ruinous consequences to them) ;
besides numerous Petitions from the-Merchants and‘, ship-
owners at the Out-ports; including' the following, viz.—
Liverpool. Leitl-4.
Newcastle. Kit ally.
Gla-sgoW. Ayr.
Greenock. Port Glasgow.

Since 1817, the number of seamen employed in one }•ear in
the North American Trade, from Great Britain alone; has
increased from 10,370 to upwards of 17,000; and the haply
result is, that a ditreS•sed setrnati,if able to Worli,is nn longer
to be found in our streets. Dtitrive theni of the useful em-
ployinent Which that trade affords, and their only honest al-
ternative will be, either again to linger, and finally peri6,
in the streets and fields, or to enter into the service of our
maritime rivals, who sounder policy Will doubtless readily
afford them the well•dcserved protection and encouragement,
of Which it is preposed that theii,oWn country should de-
pris e them. •

CyAda! value Lfßriii.sh and Irish Produce and Mannfeictures

In 1617,
1616,
1819,

caported.
To Denmark and•Norwai,. Sweden.
,C306.96C.• 3 10
,C 36',74 3 11 7
264,786 1 6 40;973 13 4
245,e91 13 A 40,419 0 11

3)06,791 4 0 118,13 G 5 10

27i.9.63 14 8 39.37315 3
Add Denmark and Norway Q 71,263 14 8

Avera;e of three ytars, ,c 311,641 9 11.
Official ralue y. British and IriA Produce and Manufac-
tures e.rportrd.
T 9 Denmark and Norway. To Sweden.
In 1799, ‘194,011 .3 2 ,C2e,120 1 3
1800, 166,703 17 4 29,761 8 S
1801, 144,901 0 2 46,110 3 2

3:525,734 0 8 191,991 12 !0

173,244 13 6 33.997 4 3
17:),-24,1 13 6

Average export in the above three year's L. 209,2.4! 17 9
Frbni these accounts; then, it appears, that before those
duties Were laid} on Foreign Tiiaber, "for this
nation, pre rise to the Timber-Trade-with North America ;
Norway, and Sweden were in the prac'tie of tak-
ing about 1-6th part of- the quantity of British and Irish Pro-
duce and Manufactures Which, ritivi that a portion of the Tim,
her Trade hasbeen transferred to the British Colonies, is an-
nually exported 16 them.

The "official" value of the expOrfs of British and Tri3l)
Produce- and Manufactures to North America' in the last three

years, viz.
In 1817. . . L. 1,012,894 19 6
1818. - 1,289,149 7 11
1819,
1,23,133 4 7
. .

/373,8.24,111. 1.2 0

Average of three yearg• L.1,274;705 17 4

Itt,order to-strew that, of late years, there has been no nta•
aerial falling off the Foreign Timber Trade, it may be snf
fieient to refer io.the ofsCial account of duties paid upon that
portion of the•imports.entered for consumption in-this coon
try, viz.—

760.1,7,6.1; 7 1
d.
In ISIG,
• 1817, • 937,68 1 8
1818 1,152,285 0 GE
1919•
1,00,311 18
Ileqides the Timher that paid duty, there, remained " in
"1.1und,." on the 5111 of A ptil I ist. '
3,735 Masts. Yor'ds,.or noistiprits ;
10.'05 Long hundreds ofDials •
9,:303 Loads of OA; Planks ;
Cif Ditto olOttli • ,
08.3,33 Ditto of ;
5,644 Hundreds of Stares;
1,7; 8 Lo.ads of fiattetis ;
besides a considerable quantity of other descriptions of wood
of less importante;

The conclusions drawn, from.the official data appended to
the Report of the Select Committee, it will, it is presumed,
no More
„permit the assertion, that the North American
Timber Trade has swallowed up that of the North of Europe;
or that the f;rraef derives greater protection aud-encotiraf4e:
meat from the existing duty on Foreign Timber, than it:de-
serves and reit:tires; but the contrary, be admitted,
that Foirigners still possess the greater part of the Timber
Trade, which they carry on principally in their own vessels :
—and that, so far from our exports to those countries hating
declined, they are more ertimsive than
_formerly. -

The cfliestion, then, that would seem to remain is, whether
we should give up. that portion of the Timber Trade whio
our Colonies possess, and relinquish all the National advan-
tages resulting from it, anti leave ourselves again exposed to
the diine•cr and inconvenience with which the mutable policy
of the Northern States (the 97;.1-;itt of the increase of duty)
threatened us in the- year 1809; and which may come upon
os, when the ruin and poSsibleloss of our valuable Colonies
will have deprived us of a resource which we shall.have re-

nailifced; merely that Frireikners may resume the inohopoly
which they'ff,rtnerly.enjoed ?

• Ituferririk-to the speeches is Parliament, in the month of
May 1810, when the system of high Dutiis on Foreign Tim-
her was first resorted to, (vide Appendix) it will be seen that
the objects which the Legislalure had:then i❑ view, were pre-
cisely those whirr!' have been accomplished :
- I. To reduce the price of Timber. •
4. TO make.-this Country independent of Foreigner; for a
supply. -

3. To give- employment to'British Ships and Seamen.
4.• To encourage the British Coluuies,and thus enable them
to take our Manufactures, •
• II is to • be -hoped that the-following remarks, extracted.
from the Quarterly Review, just published, upon the'subject
of 4, -Emigration to Canada," wilt meet with.tlEat. attention
from the. Legislature, to which they are entitled for their
truth -and importauce; viz.— '• . .
The Market fur our Commodities, which is afforded by
a-Nourishing acrd increasing Colony, is a-source of wealth to
the Mother Country, •far.'exceeding.probably; what would
have been prodoccd.by - the same amount of-capital, if re=
' tained at home ; 'it is speaking, we are persuaded,far within
compass to say,- that for-every 10001. carried but to Upper
Catania, 500 acres of fertile land, which .would otherwise
.4 have remained' an unprofitable desert, will have been within
twenty years brought under cultivation; Let anyone cal-
' culate the supplies 'of Corn and other produce which theS.r
500 acres will afford us; and the demands for our various
' Manufactures which they will create in. return. It is int-
' possible indeed to'contemplate attentively the present state
of the 'Continent ;-=•-t he extreme jealonsy'• of this Country
which prevails in roost parts of it,—the zeal for improving
• their- own Manufactures,—toget her with the superior cheap-
' tress Of labour,—without nutioirtiug, as at least probable,
azgreat and progressive diminution, of that demand which
' has hitherto ekiSted iu Europe for the productions of British
enterprise and skill. With such an expectation • before us,
nothing can be More consolatory than the prospect of that
extended market for our Commodities, 'which seems • to- /7l'
opening in the-New World ; front which the other nations
Europe, even 'should they hercaffer become rivals, can
never hope to exclude us, in this point of viewin, the• Been.
lution•in Soani.h America is likely•to prove of incalculable
importance -to .1.1 s:. but our own Colonies are, on many
accounts, suited to offer greater advantage to our Comnftree
than those of aay other Country; our "own .Couutrytneu

poSsesi In a pteitliar -Jegreer .aml are litielyto transmit to
their descendaMs, both a taste for that description of
luxuries width commerce and mannfactntes furnish, and a
' persevering indsistty in acquiring the means of conniranding
Orem.; nor to hietoion the preference generated by habit
for such articles, as are most ntaise in the Mother Country.'
Mr..BnouGHAM toe, in his " Inquiry into the Colonial
Policy of the European rdwers," vol. t, p. 174, Ed. "11303,
says, in.comparing the advantages of long and sloth voyages;
Now tbe long voyage has another and very material advan-
tage.. Whether the distant mat het be a Horne or a Foreign_
ot.e ; and Whether it be more or less remote than twice the
distrnee of-tire other market, with the profit! of whkly we
may compare its returns, it encourages a breed of seamen
essentially necessary to every member of the European Com-
monwealth which. would engage in an extensive foreign traffic
of any description whatever. The Coasting Trade is, indeed,
an eXcellent nursery: buit it is in no country sufficient to form
A Navy, not even in Great Britain, however extensive her
sea•coast. and her internal commerce,
.may be. The cotts4
'tierce of the nearerzountries in Etirope, however enlarged,
although the whole capital of the Colonial Trade wet e turned
tato it, would still be inadeqnate.
A Colony 'frade has this very great advantatfe. in com-
mon with tbe Coasting Trade, that the sailors- which it employs
are seldom or.never in a Foreign Port. They are, of come-
qnence, much less exposed to the danger of deserting into
Foreign service; vacancies in their number are more easily,
and better filled tip, not by foreigners but by other intrabi-,
tants of the Sallie country -and they
.are always in some -part
of the empire, where their services may, be needed for the
military operations of the state. Theseamen required for the
Nary: upon an emergency, cannot •lir procured front the ves-,
sels engaged is aTrade that requires them to remain in a
Foretgn country, in the Guiph of Finland, for example, or its
the Les-ant. In this case Government must wait for their
return. For tho,e employed. in the Colony. Trade are.eitbet
in some port of the Mother Country, or of the Colonies; ou
both of. which -stations their services may be required for'
ships of war.

,!••To undervalue a particular branch of commerce, whiclii4
calculated to increase the maritime power of the state 0101€
:directly- Chain the- other branches, is surely to take la- silo.,
view of this species of force, both to the defence and
wealth Of 'the tration, Y 4.4 many politicians have denied. the
inipartanee of those yery. rsuits which tend to promote narat
liower ; because, according to then, naval 'wirer Must always
be the -cOnsigitence, and not't be canse, of comniereial
veriq-. They seem to forget, that commercial prosperity,
act operate in a particular way, in order to produce this ef-
.1e.:1.; and that, if'it -arency is obstructed in 1 hat particular
direction, the trade and wealth of the nation may flourish,
`and no-Navy ever arise front it; any more I hatit he richness
of the soil will rake plentiful crops, it the genial Warmth and.
fooisture of the season be withheld; or the natural effects of
;fertility obstructed by the pressure of an intifinb4;nt
establishment of a naval force then is the conse--
'tptenee, no doubt, of commercial improvement: A Govern-
iin,tit would, indeed, be justly blameable which Should ant id
pate this progress, and attempt to thy the 'foundations of
naval power, by ordering a certain number of vessels to be
constructed; • and draining the coasting- trade of bands, in
order to into them. BUt a Government' worrld he as blame-
able if it slicitild discourage that sort of industry, Clio direct
tendency of which is tu'accelerate the progress of naval
~.honlit neglect those advantages, which the pili-
s,”ion of• distant and- fertile territories presents fur the ae-
cortiplishment of this ohject:' •

The following is a statement of the prices of Ntemel Timber
from 1800 to 1810, tatien from the London Price Cut'ret►t, viz.::
L. 3. d.
In I SOO 6.0 0 . L.; s. d:

1801 :... 5 0 0 to 510 0. pc-I-Lead.
Iso' .... 4 .5. 0 - 5 0. 0
1803 . -5 .10 0 6. 5 0
-1804 5 0 0 5 5 0
.1805 440 0 5 0 0.
1806 6 0 0 7 10 0 •
1807 715 0 8 0
1803 .... 8 0 0 —. -14 0 0
1809 14 14 (8 16.
1810 12 0 0 14 0 0
it is ttue that the taking R 11• part of the dilly world; enable'
the foreign Mercliant to supply the British consunier so much
cheaper; hot, upon what ground is it to be.expvcted,that he-
would do so especially when he tells you, that the reason'
u•(ly be. wants the duty reduced is, to enable' him to raise•
his own price.? .

CLe inewre would also entitle our foreign friends in the,
.NOrth. of Europe, to reinibum from the British Exchequer,.
the advance? made to them bycertain commission merchants
in this country; kart if this.lp.so desirable an Object', would
it not; in every respect,, be hater to' resort at once to,-st vote
of Parliament? The Chansellor of the, f,Netirquer, wlus
coold assoit to the mode pnposed- by the Committee,• mttst
he well pe.rst,tatiet that the Fettliar claims •or merits, ofth.,i*
'class of merchants entitle tiro. to sod-, bounty and •drilTric=
i 1071 ; and having satisfied lis mind upon that pint, he
surely deem a direct grato, 11101" e its it Wotild be .U 6
.more mafily and economical course, thart.ong which Chits is
`deadly blow-at some of th, best And 'nosh natural interest, of
the British

In the late contracts with the Navy Board, the Contrrictors-
.have the option of deiit•e my Memel, or Canada lied Pine.
at the same price.

State of the Norway Trade for the last Three Team
British. . Foreign).- •
Tons. /Tons.,
Arrived in 1817, . - 6.e.713
1818 i ' 85,9134
1819, • 1,7,087 . 8'4689 .
. . m
,
Listen& therrfore, oft pioportion of ore than one-third,
it appears that only Ith4tit one-fifth of the.ships employed
last year were British ; and that the Norwegians. are gradu-
ally superseding them.

.
- •State of the Prussian 7'eaile foi- th'ilast Three Years.
- ' British. Foreign::
,
Tons. Tons.
Arrived in 1317, • • - 10.4,709 43,837
•• . -
.1818, . . • • 129,742 117092
1819, • •:. • . 80,258. 78,266
Here the progressive increase of Foreign 'Shipping over.
British. 'is even wore strongly apparent than .in the case of
Norway ;—arid all.this, too, lie it remembered, AA:es placi,
notwithstanding the difference of duty against Foreign ship.-
ping.
Four yearly averages-of the quantity of Tintlter and Deals
imported into Great 4.tritain in the la,st 20 yew...ft ri,-.:,-, . •
TIMBER.
Front 1799 to 1802 - -- 17(4864 Loads.
1811 to
.1815~
1816 to 1819.
DEALS, &a.
Deals. Deal-Ends. Battens. Total.
1799 to 1802. 40,9G2 4,239 5,225 . 50,471;
1811 to 1815
1116 to 'lBl9 ' '27,181 8,663 4,257 40,091 "

The followin-1 facts appear to be established
by the British Merchant :----

Ist—That previous to the competition of the North Ac-
rican Timber Trade, when the duties were not half their• pre-
sent amount, the price of 134Itic Timber was higher to the
consumer in thit country than it is now; Or (with the same
competition), than it is likely to became again.
2tily--,Th4t.the extension of thr co!,,,iai Wood Trade, ha.;
been productive of a corresponding increaSid dtuiand for
British Mantrfactnres:

3rtily—That this trade has afforded support to man?
thousands of persons who have twigialed front the mother.
country; and greatly added to the value and strength of the•
British possessions in North Nnterica. By recent accounts'_ !
from Canada to the 21st of Noveinher;. it appear's, that,
11,239 Settlers hag arrived out in the course of the present
year.

4thlyi—That it affords erriployment 'to 'many,hundretis of
British Ships, and to. many thousands-of British -Searuori.
Sthlv.—That these important advantages have not been at
tended with attp material diminution in the consumption of
wood imported rom countries in the North of Europe : and •
that so far from our export of manufactures ,to time countries
having declined, in proportion as the trade with the North ,
'American Colonit's hat increased, the amount of stch'es-
ports has been, of late years, even greater than before the
existence of the Colonial Ntooti Trade.
Sthly.-7-That,- notwithstanding the duty payable upon fo-
reign Wood, the importers thereof potses's, upon the whole,
decided- advantages in the British market, in the compara-
tively small expence of importing. it., and the very general •
prejudice still remaining in favonr'of its quality. And that,
notwithstanding the•almott exclusive use of Baltic Timber in
the King's Yards, and, the . preference given -to it in the. con-
strttethin of buildings of magnitude, the demands for Canada,
Timber has increased, as its q'talities have become known...
ith.—That, therefore, any reduction •in the Duties on the
Wood of the North of -Europe, would, by placing the North
American Timber upon a more unfavourable footing than at
presents give to the 'former such decided advantages, as would
certainly and rapidly annihilate the Trade with the British
Colonies. .

. .
.
,ONDONi Printed 43. P.. CARSTAIRS, of NO. e 9, Grcat
Orroood-strect, Queen"-sliurare; and plan-I-Jibed by W. A.
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(laic, 7,..%). )1,), strand : WilVlli Adrettisenterm, Order',
L ,'cr:, &,, (vt-v-,.-rai.l) must be sUresscd.