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No. 16,354. LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING

S U NY
. JANUARY 15, 1845.

PRIOR sd.

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where alterations have been introduced with general acqui-
escence, let things remain as they are ; in those which re-
' tain the less accurate usage,let no risk ofdivision be incurred
by any attempt at change, till some final arrangement
can be made with the sanction of the proper authorities.
In the case of churches where agitation prevails, and
nothing has been definitively settled, it is not possible to
lay down any general rule which may be applicable to all
circumstances. But is it too much to hope that those who
are zealous for the honour of God and the good of his
Church, will show, by the temporary surrender of their
private opinions, that they are equally zealous in the
cause of peace and charity ?
On the particular questions which disquiet the public
mind, I think it unadvisable to pronounce an opinion.
Upon careful examination, I have found reason to think
that some of these questions are more difficult of solution
than is commonly imagined, and that the meaning which
occurs at first sight is not always the most correct.
And the general question in respect to what should
be conceded to usage in controlling or modifying
the written law, seems to me to be open to much
doubt. But, if I were ever so fully persuaded in
my own mind, I should be unwilling, for reasons
already assigned, to pronounce a judgment which,
not having legal authority, might be accepted by
some and disregarded by others, and might thus increase
the confusion which it was designed to remedy. For
similar reasons I have not thought it expedient to call
the Bishops of my province together at this time,
though it will be my desire, as well as my duty,
to seek their advice and assistance when a fit op-
portunity presents itself. I am, however, fully
assured of their general concurrence in depre-
cating the continuance of discussions, which will
undoubtedly multiply strife and contention, but which,
in the present posture of things, can lead to no beneficial
result.

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GOLDSMITH'S GRAMMAR of GEO-
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For a considerable time past my attention has been
anxiously turned to the divisions in the Church, occa-
sioned by differences of opinion with respect to the in-
tention of certain rubrical directions in the Liturgy, and
diversities of practice in the performance of Divine Ser-
vice. These questions, relating to matters in themselves
indifferent, but deriving importance from their connexion
with the maintenance of uniformity and order in the solemn
ministrations of the Church, are rendered difficult by the
ambiguity of the rubrics in some instances, and in all,
by the doubts which may arise as to the weight which
should be allowed to general usage when it varies from
the written law. It is partly on these accounts, and
partly from uncertainty with respect to the extent of the
powers committed to the Archbishop of the Province, in
the preface te the Book of Common Prayer, for the reso-
lution of doubt in regard to the contested points, that
I have not felt myself justified in expressing an
authoritative opinion upon questions occasionally sub-
mitted to me on these subjects. I was, indeed, willing to
hope that these controversies, like many of much greater
itnpertance which have for a season disquieted the Chutch,
would be suffered to die away of themselves, when the
arguments on each side had been thoroughly sifted,
from the good sense of the parties engaged in them,
and the general conviction of their unprofitableness.
But having been disappointed in this expectation, and
considering the tendency of continued agitation to weaken
the sacred bonds of affection which ought to unite the
clergy and laity as members of one body in Christ, I
hold it a duty to come forward, in the hope of allaying
animosities, and putting a stop to dissensions, which are
shown by experience to be not only nuedifying, but mis-
chievous. With this view I would call your attention to
a few considerations, which, with persons who are de-
sirous of peace, will, I trust have their due weight.
It has long been observed that, in the performance of
Divine service in the genrality of our parochial churches,
there has been a deviation, in certain particulars, from
the express directions of the rubric, and that, in some
cases, a difference in respect to the sense of the rubric
has led to a diversity in practice. In regard to such
points, in themselves non-essential, the most conscien-
tious leygymen have felt themselves justified in treading
in the steps of their predecessors ; and hence the
irregularity (for all departure from rule is irregular),
which seems, in some instances at least, to have existed
from the beginning, became inveterate. There have, I
apprehend, at all times been clergymen who have been
distressed by this inconsistency ; and of late years it
has been regarded by many excellent men as irreconcil-
able with the obligations which they took upon them-
selves on their admission into Holy Orders. Under
the influence of these scruples, they thought it right
to adhere as closely as possible to the letter of the
rubric in their ministration ; whilst others of their
brethren, not less conscientious, have been deter •
mined by considerations, in their estimation of
great weight, to follow the usage which they found
established in their respective churches. Under
these circumstances a diversity of practice has
arisen, which is not only inconsistent with the
principle of uniformity maintained by the Church,
but is sometimes associated in the minds of the
people with peculiarities of doctrine, and gives
birth to suspicions and jealousies destructive of the
confidence which should always subsist between the flock
and their pastor. To prevent the increase of an evil
which might terminate in actual schisms was confessedly
most desirable ; and the most effectual mode of accom-
plishing the object, it has been thought, would be found
in general conformity to the rubric. Universal concur-
rence in this easy and obvious regulation would have
combined the several advantages of securing compliance
with the law of the Church and the land, of putting
a stop to unauthorised innovations, and of excluding
party distinctions, in their character decidedly un-
christian, from thd public worship of God ; and I can-
not but regret that measures which, with a view to these
good purposes, have been recommended by high autho-
rities, should not have been received with unanimous
acquiescence, as the means of restoring order and peace,
without any departure from the principles of the Church,
or offence to the most scrupulous conscience.
At the same time, I am sensible that those who
object have much to allege in their justification.
If the written law is against them, they plead an
opposite usage, in parochical churches at least, reaching
back, perhaps, to the time when the intention of the
lawgiver was best understood, superseding its literal
sense, and determining its real meaning ; they appeal to
the general consent of bishops, clergy, and laity, implied
in the absence of any effectual interference during so long
a period, they object to the sudden revival of rules, which
in their opinion are obsolete, and still more, to their
rigid enforcement after so long a term of abeyance,
In fairness to them we must allow, that this dislike of
alterations in the manner of worship to which they have
been accustomed from their infancy, proceeding, as it
does, from attachment to the ordinances of the Church,
ought not to be visited with unkindly censure ; and we
can hardly be surprised at any change being regarded
with suspicion when so many attempts have been made
to introduce innovations which are really objection-
able, and tend, as far as they go, to alter the cha-
racter of our Church. It must also be granted that the
intention of the Church is not always clearly discoverable
from the language of the rubric, nor determinable with
absolute certainty from the records of early practice.
In such cases it may with some show of reason be said,
that, as the eminent men to whom the several revisions
of the Liturgy were successively entrusted, did not see
the necessity of giving directions so precise as to insure
a rigid conformity in every particular,
we may be con-
tented to acquiesce in slight deviations from rule, sug-
gested by convenience, and sanctioned by long—Usage.
Now, whatever may be the force of the arguments on
either side, a difference of opinion will probably always
exist in regard to the contested points. But all
parties will concur in regarding these points as of
far less importance than the maintenance of that
mutual confidence which, next to support from
above, forms the main strength of the Church, pro-
ducing the . harmonious co-operation of its several
members, and disposing the people to look up with
reverence to their pastor as their spiritual instructor and
guide. In whatever degree, or by whatever means, the
tie of affection is loosened, a proportionate diminution
will follow of that moral influence on which the efficiency
of the clergyman's teaching will always depend.
The case, then, if fairly considered with reference to
the existing dissensions, and the results to be expected
from their 'continuance, will show the necessity of mutual
forbearance to the peace and the honour, I may even say,
to the safety, of the Church. The laity, it may be hoped,
will see the propriety of respecting the consciences of
such of the clergy as have held themselves bound
to strict compliance with the express direction
of the rubric, without regard to former disuse ; and
the clergy will perceive the expediency of sot pressing
too harshly, or abruptly, the observance of laws which,
having by themselves and their predecessors been long
suffered to sleep, have now the appearance of novelty.
I am fully alive to the importance of uniformity in the
celebration of Divine Service ; but I think it would
be purchased too dearly at the expense of lasting divi-
sions—a consequence which, I trust, will be averted by
a suspension of the existing disputes. My hope of such
an adjustment is grounded on the wisdom, temper, and
piety which are engaged on both sides of the question. A
settlement which would have the sanction of law is at
the present moment impossible ; and, were it possible,
could hardly be attempted with hope of success till the
subsisting excitement has been allayed by time and re-
flection. But till that time shall arrive, our regard to the
spiritual interests of our brethren ought surely to put a
stop to contentions, which, besides the offence against
charity, engage much time and ability which might be
infinitely better applied, and which can afford pleasure
to those only who bear to our Church.
The matters in controversy, considered in them-
selves, are not of vital importance : the service in our
churches has in general been conducted in conformity to
the Apostle's direction, with order and decency ; and,
whether performed with exact regard to the letter of the
rubric, or with the variations established by general
usage, will still be decent and orderly. I therefore entreat
you to consider, whether the peace of the Church should
be hazarded by prolonging an unprofitable controversy,
a t a time w
ithmosurechehspopeceiaolfly; when her energies are di-
rected,uceess, to the promotion of
religion and morals, and when the clergy and laity are
zealously engaged in united exertions for the erection
and endowment of churches and schools, and for other
pious and beneficial objects in almost every part of the
country.
What I would most earnestly recommend for the pre-
Sent, is the discontinuance of any proceedings, in either
direction, on the controverted queitions. In churches
•

In order to guard against misapprehension, -I think it
proper to state, that all I have here said is strictly con-
fined to the rubrical questions which have occasioned
the present agitation. All change in the performance
of the service, 'affecting the doctrine of the Church, by
alteration, addition, or omission, I regard with unquali-
fied disapprobation. I may further remark that the
danger to the Church would be great, if clergymen, not
having due respect either to episcopal authority or estab-
lished usage, should interpret the rubric for themselves,
should introduce or curtail ceremonies at pleasure, or
make Divine Service in any way the means of express-
ing their own theological opinions or party views. In
respect to the ritual, the preface to the Book of Com-
mon Prayer directs all persons having doubts, or diversely
taking anything in the performance of the Church Service,
to resort to the Bishop of the diocese for the resolution of
such doubts, and the appeasing of diversities. Had due
attention been paid, from the first, to this salutary rule,
the Church might perhaps have been saved from much of
the dissension which at various times has divided her
members, and grieved and perplexed her rulers, and which,
if not speedily checked, may again cause a serious dis-
turbance of her peace. Considering the course I have sug-
gested as offering the only immediate means of averting
such a calamity, and at the game time preparing the
way for a final arrangement at a convenient season, I
earnestly recommend its adoption, in the hope that
through the blessing of God, it raay lay the foundation
of lasting peace ; " and to this end"— (I borrow the
words of a learned and pious ritualist)—" to this end may
the God of Peace give us all meek hearts, quiet spirits,
and devout affections, and free us from all prejudice, that
we may have full churches, frequent prayers, and fervent
charity that, uniting in our prayers here, we may all
join in His praises hereafter, for the sake of Jesus. Christ
our Lord." -Amen. W. CANTUAR.
Lambeth Palace, Jan. 11, 1845.

ADMIRALTY ORDERS.
(From last night's Gazette.)
BY THE COMMISSIONERS FOR EXECUTING THE OFFICE OF
LORD HIGH ADMIRAL OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, &C.
Rules, Orders, and Regulations, for the preservation of
her Majesty's moorings, and for the mooring, anchor-
ing, and placing of all private ships of war, transports,
and all other private and merchant ships and vessels,
lighters, barges, boats, and other craft whatsoever, in
Plymouth Sound, and in the harbours of Hamoaze
and Catwater, made and established pursuant to the
Act of Parliament, passed in the 54th year of the
reign of his late Majesty King George the Third,
chap. 159, intituled " An Act for the better regulation
of the several ports, harbours, roadsteads, sounds,
channels, bays, and navigable rivers, in the United
Kingdom, and of his Majesty's docks, dockyards, ar-
senals, wharfs, moorings, and stores therein, and for
repealing several Acts passed for that purpose."
AS TO PLYMOUTH SOUND.
Art. I. All her Majesty's ships and vessels of war are
exclusively to occupy the outer anchorage in Plymouth
Sound, within and near the Breakwater.
Art IL All merchant and other private ships and ves-
sels, of every description, are hereby ordered to occupy
the inner anchorage in the Sound, within a space bounded
by the following marks and lines, viz.:—
To the northward of a line supposed to be drawn from
Rain Cliff Point, towards the west.
To the southward of another line supposed to be drawn
from Mount Edgcumbe House, through the Canteen on
Drakes Island, to the eastern shore of Plymouth Sound.
To the eastward of another line supposed to be drawn
from the east end of Windsor-terrace, in the town of
Plymouth, to the Obelisk on the Hoe, and continued
through the whitewashed seamark on the rocks, to the
before-mentioned line supposed to be drawn from the
Ram Cliff Point, towards the west.
The object of this arrangement is, that a sufficient na-
vigable channel may be kept open over the hard and
foul ground on the west side of this anchorage, and no
ship or vessel whatever shall be anchored or placed in
the said navigable channel, under pain of the penalties
proscribed by the said Act of Parliament.
AS TO HAMOAZE.
Art. I. It is hereby ordered, that no owner, master,
or other commanding officer of any private ship of war,
transport, or other private or merchant ship or vessel,
lighter, barge, boat, or other craft, nor any pilot or
other person employed by either of them, shall anchor or
moor, or cause to be anchored or moored, any such pri-
vate ship of war, transport, or other private ship or ves-
sel, lighter, barge, boat, or other craft, in the fair way
or channel between the Queen's moorings in the said
harbour or in Barnpool, within fifty fathoms of the cen-
tres of any of the said moorings, or of her Majesty's
ships, floating magazines, and hulks, lying thereat, or in
the front or abreast of her Majesty's docks, dock-yard,
or gun-wharf, and between the same and the eastern line
of hulks, or even to drop an anchor within such space
and situations, except in case of necessity to prevent da-
mage to herself, or that of the Queen's ships which may
be at the contiguous mooring, and then to remove as
soon as possible thereafter;' except also in cases where any
of the said ships, vessels or craft, may be consigned to the
dock-yard or gun-wharf, and must, therefore, necessarily
anchor contiguous thereto, till they can come to the
cranes and wharfs for delivery of their cargoes, and then
to be placed in such situations as the superintendent of
her Majesty's-dock-yard at Devonport, or the masters
attendant or Queen's pilots by whom they are conducted
shall direct.
Nor shall any private ship of war, transport, or other
private or merchant ship or vessel, lighter, barge, boat,
or other craft, be anchored or moored between the island
and main, at a less distance than fifty fathoms to the
southward of the transporting buoy within the said
island, or in any place off the east end of the island near
the buoy of the Asia shoal, or between it and the buoy
of the Winter, or near the fair way or outer transporting
buoy in the Sound, neither shall any be made fast to, or
be moored, or secured by any of the mooring anchors or
chains to which access can be had when the tide is out,
either on the eastern or western shore of the said harbour
of Hamoaze, or be made fast to any of the buoys or piles
of her Majesty within the said harbour, in the fronts of
the said docks, dock-yard, or gun-wharf, or other pre-
mises belonging to them respectively, nor anchor or moor
so as to swing within any of the said buoys or piles, upon
pain of the penalties for such offences as the said Act of
Parliament directs.
Nor under pain of the penalties before referred to,
shall any private ship of war, transport, or other private
ship or vessel, lighter, barge, boat, or other craft, be
anchored or moored in any place or places within the
port of Hamoaze, except on the eastern side of Stone-
house-pool, and in extent not coming further to the
westward than the Queen's Slaughter-house, and in that
range to the northward, at the mouth or entrance to
Milbrook Lake, or the northward of all her Majesty's
moorings. This restriction, in regard to the anchorage
of merchant ships, transports, &c., is, however, not in-
tended to exclude such as, trading to the port, must ne-
cessarily have admission to the several wharfs, docks,
&c., at Mutton Cove, North Corner, New Passage, and
elsewhere, for loading and unloading their cargoes, and
which are generally grounded for such purposes ; but
all such merchant ships, vessels, lighters, barges, boats,
or other craft, are to continue to enjoy their accustomed
privileges in this respect, in as full and effectual a man-
ner as if these regulations had not taken effect.
Art. 11. All private ships of war, transports, and
other private ships or vessels, lighters, barges, boats, and
other craft, are hereby expressly prohibited, under the
penalties of the said Act, from being breamed in any
part of the said harbour of Hitinoaae, except ok the
shores of Stonehouse-pool aforesaid, at Frank's Quirry,
or to the northward of the Queen's moorings ; and fro •
coming or entering into the said harbour, being laden
with, or having on board, any quantity of gunpowder,
exceeding five pounds weight in the whole. And _al
such gunpowder is hereby appointed to be left andt
posited at a depot established for that purpose on Nib
dot
cholas Island, at the entrance of the said harbour, where
the same will be taken and received according to the
provisions bf the said Act.
Art. 111. And it is hereby ordered, that no person or
persons shall take any ballast or shingle from the shores
or banks, or any portion of the shores or banks, of they
port and harbour of Hamoaze, anyon
yth
auaecoord by u
uisnetorpres-:1
fence whatsoever, without beingdul

c