The Sun.
London, England, 1828-10-09 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE LONDON JOURNALS.

The condition,, of Irish party is not a little
curious at this moment. That great mass (the
Catholic body, of which the majority are poor
and ignorant) who have been excluded from the
constitution, and persecuted by the laws, appeal
with confidence to those laws, and that constitution
for redress ; while the Orange faction; caMposed
. of gentry, fOr whom, and. by WhOM, the laws ex-
cluding .the Catholics have': been enacted—who
have, made legislation perform in their own
favour, all the functions,of revengeful violence,
and have, perverted the Irish !:monarchy. into a
monopOlY of pywer and plunderyr-these Orange
noblemen and gentlemen will no longer trust the,
machinery of which they have hitherto been.
themselves the framers and the movers. They
are no longer satisfied, that the defence of tyranny
should be conducted under the forms of law ;
and instead of imitating the Catholic's, who enter
into resolutions and compose petitions to Parlia-
ment for a relief from injustice, the noble and
honourable Brunswickers do neither ; they raise
recruits,--they purchase arms,--,-they appoint
drill serjeants,—and appeal directly to the sword.
And for what.? For, protection.?—for re-
dress ?—for an en/urge/nerd of their privileges
By no means : they who have all, can look
for no increase to their possessions. They con-
spire to maintain, by force of. arms, that,systern
of iniquitous aggression and spoliation, which they
fear will be sacrificed by the spirit of a more en-
lightened age ; and thus many of the affluent
vnel educated classes who are most powerfully in-

tetested (did their prejudices suffer them to see
their interest) in the peace and good order of
the state, change..characters with the reckless
multitude, and would plunge society into con-
fusion. The letter of our Irish correspondent,
neither whose integrity nor good information has
ever failed us, presents a dismal ;picture of the
north of Ireland, so far As the,,Brunswick ClUbi
are concerned„ ElevenGovernora oflrish coun-
ties—all officers
_of the Crown,' ,and removable at
pleasure—are it seems, among the Vice Presi-
dents of this fighting association. Fifty justices
of the peace, sworn to do equal justice between
Protestant and Catholic, are among these sworn
exterminators. of the latter sect. Colonels of

Militia, likewise officers of the Crown,--and by
the constant practice oldie Government remov-
able for acts of political insubordination,—are
among them. " Most of the.stiperidiarY'rnagis-
tra.tes and constables of .police,:: administrators
(like the unpaid) of " equal and impartial justice ;"
last of all, and worst, some Protestant clergy,
like Reinault-Horner,-preach up the " appeal to
the sword," and the refusal of" even Connaught
as a refuge" to the flying Catholics ! Now we
do not think it is going too far to say, that unless
the Government mean to hold itself forth as being
or the Orange party, it ought to visit with:some
grave mark of displeasure those of its own
functionaries who have made themselves eonspi.
CUOUS in the Orange ranks. The Orange, or
Cumberland Club, is nothing short of an inven•
lion for the excitement-of civil war throughout
the United Kingdom, that one-third of his Ma-
jesty's subjects may continue for ever to be
trampled under foot by their fellows. The pa.
pers and private letters talk a great deal about
the conduct of Mr. Steele, a Protestant but line
ral orator, at Limerick, for some active--proba-
bly intemperate interference with the proceed-
ings of a Cumberland Club. As we do not
much trouble ourselves with,-inciiterits which are
not either illustrative of sont tiiinciple, or.
likely to he followed by some extensive ef-
fect, we leave Mr. Steele and the Mayor of
Limerick to settle this matter between them.
Here, the system of Cumberland Club-making,
has been taken up in a truly business-like man-
ner. A case at Bow-street, which we report at
some length, will show thoSe'generous and en-
lightened personages, viz., his'' Royal Highness
the Duke of Cumberland, hi 4 Grace the Duke
of Newcastle, and his .Wisdom LOrd Chandos,
who have placed' themselves at the head Of the
club Concern, what a descriptioi of follOwers
they have enlisted. '1 noble name of Earl
and the appropriate one of LeeCh, (or something
like it) have been turned to good account with
poor Francis Sparrow and his colleagues in cre-
dulity.—Times.

It is perhaps right to notice, that the paper
which has for some years appeared under a title
similar to our own; 'has at last assumed an
honester appellation, and is now' and from hence-
forth to be called the " Morning' Journal,
instead of the New Times. The motives that
led one journal to assume and continue a: title
and type like that of another journal previously
established and long flourishing, were j ustly appre-
ciated by men of integrity.. It is late and almost
needless to reprobate them at -present. If the
first author of the fraud has been thereby enabled
to lift himself up'into a situation under Govern-
ment, we have only to hope, as we do most sin-
cerely, that he has changed,fils morality with his
station, and that he is administering the office
which he holds by honestei: maxims than those
Which he adopted for the attainnient of it. A
different system lass now, theretbre, been intro-
diced at the office which he n. '
quitted,,,a where
his principles have but too
slong previnid Under
his less criminal successors. We hail the change
with plealure; and can hereafter only view the
likiningiournal- as an honourable rival, which
will succeed to the degree that it possesses talents
and industry, and that it acts upon motives
equally upright with thoSe which have induced it
to relinquish a title fabricate-din imitation of ours.
—lbid. •
We have extracted from the Brighton Guar-
dian an account of a numerous and most re-
spectable Meeting for the furtherance of the edu-
cation of the people, held.at:Brighton on Thurs-
day last, at which Lord John Russell presided.
The sentiments uttered by many of the speakers '
do high honour to them, and the promulgation
of them is peculiarly seasonable at this time, '
time, when Magistrates and Clergymen are. la-
bouring-, both openly and covertly, to discourage
the education of the lower orders. It was ob-
served by a Morning Contemporary of yesterday,
that "too many persons in the humblest condi-
tions of life are made to aspire beyond what na-
ture designed them for, by a
flippant smattering
of education, which, with a great portion of
mankind, passes for education, This produces I
vanity, a love of show, finery in dress, and, as
a necessary consequence, extravagance ,and vice ;
hence it is; that with persons whose poverty ex •
poses them to many temptations, and whose
abilities nature has adapted to their, sta-
tion, the unsophisticated simplicity of,igno-
rance is better than a superficial and spurious
instruction, which makes them restless and con-
ceited, without adding in the least to their stock
of morality or real intelligence. Thus new de-
sires are created, new passions stimulated, and a
foolish ambition begotten, which there are not
abilities to realize without overstepping the boun-
daries 91 order ari4 91 low, Hence a pat in-
.

crease of frauds, forgeries, and other crimes,
which show equal 'expertness of
.ctinning. and
levity of morals." There is much confusion of
ideas here. it Vanity, a love M show, finery in
dress," are part and parcel of human nature, and
to be found in all states of society, and in all
ranks and conditions. To the love of finery we
are indebted tor the industry of the people and the
means of employing it ; and the boundaries be-
yond which the gratification of the passion is•
extravagant and vicious, are passed by people in
the superior and middle ranks of life as much as
by the lowest. The circumnavigator in every
voyage of discovery carries with him large
assortments of beads, feathers, and trinkets
of all sorts, to captivate the dandies.. and
belles' of , the Savage Tribes, there never
having yet been discovered a human being
Who,‘ when the bodily appetites were satisfied,
was -not' anxious to adorn his or her person, by
blacking nails, sticking bones through noses* in
the most facinating manner, suspending weights
to ears, colouring eye-lids, &c. &c. The late
Mr. Harriot, of the Thames Police, tells us, " a
few trinkets he took with him gained the hearts
of several young squaws ; and the infidelity of
the young ladies'and murderous jealousy of the
discarded lovers, 'were as effectually produced by
a cock's feather, as in the vicinity of St. James's
kindred results might Ilave been produced by
the distribution of costly
.diamonds. The Phy-
sician, the Lawyer, the Divine, and the Shop-
keeper, find it as difficult to keep their wives and
daughters. within the limits in point of finery,
prescribed, by prudence; as the lower orders find
tt ; and hence frandsalent bankruptcies, dishonest
artifices, debts contracted without means of pay-'
;Tient,- and the ether phenomena of constant oc-
currence in society,; for the inclinations and pas-
sions of men are always with difficulty subjected
to the restraints of reason. Where reason fails,
its place is sometimes beneficially supplied by
passion. Thus, for instance,.the love of finery and
anxiety for appearance, often rescue people from
gross mid disgusting sensuality. When theta is no-
anxiety for personal appearance, it Will
,generally
be found that the individuals have become hog.-
gish. In one of Dr. Franklin's Essays a cen-
sorious gentleman is introduced, complaining of
the extravagance of the young women, and fond-
ness fir finery unknown to their mothers and
grandmothers ; who is reminded by another, that
the young women, in order to procure that
finery, had taken to making certain articles,
which . had laid the foundation of a thriving
branch of industry. The unsophisticated sim-
plicity of ignorance is no where to' be found.
The worst that can be said of education is; that
in so far as it sharpens the faculties, it gives in-
creased facilities for the evil-disposed to prey on
others. Where education is common, the pos-
' session of it can no more fill a man with con-
ceit, than his having two legs like his neighbours,
but the want of it may he severely felt. A
Highlander may feel elated when he first puts on
a pair of breeches, and an Irishman when he
first becomes master of a shirt ; but neither of
these articles, if not better than usual, would
elste an Englishman, though the want of them
might be felt as a'grievous evil.' But the aver-
sion of the higher ranks to the diffusion of edu-
cation among the people has more than one
cause. In the first place, we are all more or less
under the influence of envy, when what used to
be a distinction to ourselves is no longer a dis-
tinction, for, equality is • only desired by those,
.who wish to draw down others, or to reach them,
and by no means by those who are already-upper
most. Men are not 'fond of owning, even to
themselves, the motives which frequently actuate
them ; and hence many who were ashamed into
an affected fondness for the diffusion of educa-
tion, gladly lay hold of the first pretext in any
way plausible, which may serve as a justifi-
cation for their yielding to ' the less amiable
.feeling. But there is another cause of aversion,
and it' was pretty distinctly stated by .Soame
JeAnings, more than eighty years ago : " Every
flourishing 'nation," he observes, " endeavours
to improve arts, and cultivate reason and good
sense ; yet if these are extended too far, or too
universally diffused, no national government or
rational religion can long stand their ground ;
for it is with old establishments as with old
houses, their deformities are commonly their
supports, and these can never be removed with-
out endangering the whole fabric. In short, no
Government can be administered without in
some degree deceiving the people, oppressing
the mean, indulging the great, corrupting the
venal, opposing factions to each other; and tem-
porising with parties. . If we look into the
internal- constitutions of all these Governments,
we shall find likewise, that they mifst be admi-
nistered by the sama violence and corruption to
which they are indebted for their origin ;
that is, by hiring one part of the society
to force the other into subjection; and that none
of them ever subsisted any longer than whilst
the stronger part,. not always the most numerous,
found it for their advantage to keep the weaker
in obedience ; for it should be ever remembered
as the fundamental rule of all politics, that men
will never submit to each other merely for the
sake of public utility, too remote a benefit to
make any impression on the dull senses of the
multitude ; but must be always beat or bribed
into obedience. Higher orders of beings may
submit to each other on nobler motives, from
their sense of' virtue or of universal benefit ; but ,
man can be governed by nothing but the fear of
punishment or the hopes of reward ; that is, by
self-interest---the great principle that operates in
the political world, in the same manner that at-
traction does in the natural, preserving order and
restraining everything
in its proper course by. the
continual endeavours of every individual to
dr--the
momentll power and property to himself. . •
or established, its purity
any religion becomes national
to
call alicitihLsaeeewh‘isot:illmust certainly bp
lost, because it is then impossible to keep it
in
s mill
men's interests ; and if con-
must inevitably be perverted by them.
unconnected with
'ell-lever temporal advantages are. annex-
edoavr e
thel lo
sak religion
,)finatteraelsit:
to any religious profession, theyNvill be sure
e
for the sake of
sacrifice dim to their
fashion,
very • ler of men, who are maintained to
krifol:iolvste w them
sole possession of all its
support its interests,
own ; and being
promises, and all its terrors, and having the u
•
ten-
derness of ehildhood, the weakness of age, and
the, ignOrance of the vulgar to
these men, vested with all these powers, yet.l
fail to convert all the
being but men, will notwork upon , say
mighty influence they
must dervo from them,
to the selfish ends.of their own avarice and am-
bition," &c. Whatever may be thought of the
impossibility of governing men by any other
means than by fraud and deception, there can
be no doubt that the whole scheme of Govern-
ment hi this country is founded in fraud *and
corruption. The great problem with the know-
ing °Hes, as they are called in this country, has
always been to cover. profligacy so dexterowy

with hypocrisy, that. the ignorant may not see
distinctly the game. Of the knavei. But the dif-
fusion of knowledge, by rendering the game ob-
vious, throws a Government for its defence on
the very extent of the demoralization,
.which de-
fies combined opposition, by making each man
afraid to place his safety in the power of another.
But the very excess of the evil has a tendency to
work its own cure in :the long run. It is imL.
possible not to see that the constant spectacle of
fraud and corruption in the governing classes
has a tendency to sap the morality of the lower.
Men Say to themselVes—why Shoal we be de-
nied the .liberty .that others take; but being
aware that the. hangman„is not ,on their side,
they fall on shifts,.as the lawyers fall •on fictions,
to .evade the, letter of the law. A sort of in-
stinctive Inowledge of these' consequences, has
always rendered' the High:Church party hostile
to education. They have, however, been drawn
in to encourage it, whether they would or not,
and they cannot help themselves.—Morning
Chronicle. •

When a new physician or surgeon is called in
to repair the blunders, of a previous operator,
the remedies which he adopts too often fail,
owing to the extent of the 'previous mischief,
which he is unable to repair. Such is, in some
measure, it must be admitted, - the case with the
new Foreign Secretary, Lord 'Aberdeen ; into
whose hands the department over which he. pre-
sides has fallen with an inheritance of leavings,
which Lord Aberdeen, or any other man, would,
we should think, be most . happy 43 be without.
The truth is, that Mr-Canning, and his foreign
policy, have been the bane of the country. Let
his admirers attempt to bolster up hiS official
reputation how they will, and convert their pro-
posed marble statue into. one of bronze, we
suspect that it will very soon require an unusual
share of bras-s in any man to attempt to .hold him
up as any thing short of the most injudicious
Minister this country has ever had. Such being
the case, and such the unfortunate legacy
which has devolved upon his successors, of
course a considerable degree of latitude and in-
dulgence must be shown towards the success-
sor of a Minister, who has, on the one hand, the
national honour to maintain, and, on the other,
to fulfil the indiscreet pledges in which his pre-
decessor has involved the country. Yet ,though
this may be the case, to a certain degree, and
hampered as the present Government must find
itself by acts and engagements with which it had
no concern, there is a limit to the extent to which
this kind of involvement, as well as its conse-
quences, may be carried ; and we 'are much in-
clined to think that that limit has at length been
reached, if not almost passed. The Greek
Treaty, better known as the Triple Alliance,
was one of the most unwise, if not insane Imo,
sures, that any Minister ever involved a country
in. But still we admit, that the public faith
being pledged to it, we arc not entitled
(though other countries would have done so)
to turn round upon the other contracting par-
ties, and deny our engagement. An honest
man is bound to fulfil his engagements, " though
they be to hiS own hindrance ;" and the same
rule applies to States. But, from the moment
that the Emperor of Russia thought proper to,
adopt an exclusive line-of his own, the cloven
foot, and the deception which had been practised
upon the Canning Ministry, became apparent ;
and this country was virtually absolved from an
engagement into which she ought never to have
entered. Here has been the error of the Duke
of Wellington's Ministry, that after he must have
seen that Russia was merely playing a game of
her own, and had entrapped Mr. Canning, and
his " classical recollections," into the further-
ance of an object far different from that which
was avowed, that his Grace seems to have con-
sidered the country bound to go On, and persist
in fulfilling a fraudulent and deceitful compact,
even after its fraud and deceit became notorious
to all the world.—Morning Herald.
It is again asserted in an Evening • Riper of
yesterday, that the British Government has re-
monstrated against the blockade of the Darda-
nelles by Russia, as a gross breach of good
faith, and in addition to the vessels which are
now known to be preparing for sea with all ex-
pedition, has ordered two more to be got
ready with the utmost secresy and .haste.--,
How gladly we would hail such a; display
of spirit on the part of the British Go-
vernment, those who have perused our corn-.
merits on the conduct of It ussia, need not
to be told ; but, however glad we might
be to witness it, we think—with all 'defer-
ence to our cotemporary—that more decided
proofs of the remonstrance and energy of
the Government will be required, before the pub-
lic can safely confide in it. Insolent and over-
bearing as the proceedings of Russia 'have lately
been, it is scarcely to be. credited that she would
have had the hardihood to 'refuse to give up the
intended blockade of the Dardanelles, had the
British Government deplored that the alternative
was war—a war which in the course • Of a few
days must have transferred her petty navy into
the custody of the British fleets—reduced every
fortress and city belonging to her, which could
be attacked by sea, to a heap of ruins—utterly
destroyed her commerce, and by these means
have given such a decided superiority to Turkey
in the prosecution of the way in which she is en,
gaged, as to have rendered it very desirable for
Russia to make peace with her on any
,terms.--7-
We say that looking at these consequences,
which every one will readily allow must
flow from any war that might ensue between this
country and Russia, it is not to be believed for
a moment that the Russian Ambassador would
not have acceded to the terms dictated by the
British Government, rather than have witnessed
the adoption of measures whieh, he must have
known, would terminate not only in the forcing
of the blockade, but in the destruction of the
blockading force itself ; and so far as thesegrounds,
therefore, go, we are not inclined to place any
belief in . our cotemporary's acconfit of the
conduct of the British Government, There
is also another circumstance which strengthens
us in this opinion. Although Lord Aber-
' deen notified the intention to blockade-the
Dardanelles, he not only gave no intimation
of any remonstrance haying been forwarded to
the Emperor of Russia against the adoption of
such a measure, or of any determination on the
part of the British Government to resist it ; but
from the opinion which he expressed that such
vessels as had sailed previously to the notification
a the blockade would not be molested, and that
the blockade itself would only extend to provi-
sions and munitions of war, seemed to declare,
in all but express terms, that no attempt would
be made to disturb the Russians in the new posi-
tiolimwptetltiivey
theyl_ had taken up. It was, besides,
s
the duty of the Earl of Aberdeen
to have declared, in the most unequivocal terms,
for the satisfaction of our merchants, that the
blockade would not be acquiesced in, if
such a resolution had been adopted by

the British
~Government„ that until more satis-
factoryeVidetice has been adduced •of the fact,
we shall not task' his Lordship with such a gross
b.reach:.pf it. There. is, in fact, only one cir-
curnstance-which could account for such 'daring
conduct on the part of Russia ; and that is an
assurance that_ France would Make common
cause with her, or 'a hope, equal the'inind of
the Emperor to an, assurance, that heWoilid suc-
ceed 'in inducing the Porte to dcgart war
against France: fhe rePorts, which have been
current for some tune of the anger displayed by
,the Sultan At the evacuation of. the .Muria,, by
Ibrahim, and its intended oceuratiOn.:by.the
French, give some probability to such a hope
being 'realized tut .after' all, the evil day 4o
Rtissia could not be. Very long delayed, and even
Francewohld Ara, When too late,.. that war with
this counAry was. by n,Q mean*, a, profitable .gaMe.
The advantages, whiph.she has:hithetto enjoyed
in the ..Levantr—her ships, her , commerce,
and her: colonies, would all experience a
change of .masters ; •while, were RuSsla even
to succeed in establishing her power at.eonstaii-
tinople--a' dream too wild now to be entertained.
by any sane persOn-Lmi advantage would accrue
to 'her which would in the slightest degree in
demnify;her for such immense losses. In the
present Government of .France we' have not cer-
tainly much confidence ; for it is evidently puffed.
about in every direction by the wind of popu-.
larity but it would be too much, possessing; as
it does the power of avoiding a collision with
this country, to imagine 'it so lost to all pru-
dential considerations as to expose the ioterests
of France to such hazards—and we repeat it,
until the most undoubted evidence has been
.given of the Duke of Wellington
,having rerrion-
strated, under the.penalty of war, as the ;alter
native against. the. blockade of the Dardanelles,
and that penalty having been disregarded, we
must beg to suspend our belielin it.---Morning
Advertiser.