The Sun.
London, England, 1828-12-20 00:00:00

not operate actively unless the lawful Government
of the province require their assistance.
15. As soon as the exchange of the ratifications
of the present Convention takes place, there shall be
an entire cessation•of hostilities by sea and by land.
The blockade shall be raised in the term of 48 bouts
on the part of the Imperial squadron. Hostilities
by land shall cease immediately after this Conven-
tion and its ratifications are notified to the armies,
and by sea, in two days to Cape St. Mary, in eight
to St. Catherine's, in fifteen to Cape Frio, in
twenty-two to Pernambuco, in forty to the Line, in
sixty to the coast of Africa, and in eighty to the seas
of Europe. All prizes made subsequently shall not
be considered bone fide captures, and indemnification
will be reciprocally made for them.

16. All prisoners taken by either party during
the war, by sea or by land, shall be set at liberty as
soon as the present convention is ratified, and the
ratifications exchanged ; but those who have not se-
cured the payments of the debts contracted by them,
cannot leave the country in which they are.
17. After the exchange of the ratification, both
high .contracting parties shall proceed to appoint their
respective plenipotentiat:es, for the purpose of ad-
justing and concluding the definitive treaty of peace,
which is to be celebrated between the Republic of
the United Provinces and the Empire of Brazil.
18. If; contrary to expectation, the high contract-
ing patties should not come to an adjustment in the
said definitive treaty of peace, through questions that
may arise in which they may not agree, notwith-
standing the mediation of his Britannic Majesty, the
Republic and Emperor cannot renew hostilities be-
fore the expiration of the five years stipulated in the
10th article; nor even after this time can hostilities
take place, without notification being reciprocally
given with the knowledge of the mediating power,
six months previously.
19. The exchange of the ratifications of the pre•
sent convention shall be effected in the city of Monte-
Video, in the term of sixty days from the date
hereof, or sooner if possible.
In testimony whereof, we, the undersigned Ple-
nipotentiaries of the Government of the United
Provinces, and of his Majesty the Emperor of Bra•
zit, in virtue of our full powers, sign the present
Convention with our hand, and seal it with the seal
of our arms. Done in the city of Rio Janeiro, on
the 27,11 day of the month of August, in the year of
the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ 1828.
JUAN RAMON BALCARCE.
TOMAS GUIDO.
Marquis de ARACATY.
'USE CLEMENTE PEREIRA.
JOAQUIN DDLIVERA ALVAREZ,

ritv•Es OF STOCKS TRI DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Bank stock 209 I,a South Si.c Stock 3 per Cont. Rod. 66%%31 Old Annuities StilS
3 per Cent. Ccns shut New Ditto —3 hi per Cent. — Ex. Bills, Xl,uoo 2d. 70 68 pm.
Ditta Red. 951061 A Ditto.... .... —.500 2d. 70 63 pm.
I, per Cent.
D'lttO, 1826 lotl,i% Ditto Commercial ' —pm
Rank L. Ann. l9 7-16 34 Rank fir Account —
India Stock shut India for Account —
Ditto Bonds — 72 pm. Cons. for Acct 8114 4

---------
extexs OF FOREION FUNDS THIS DAT AT oNit o'cr.ocx.
Austriln bonds — Neapolitan
Brazilian Bonds 64% 4 Peturian Bonds
Buenos Ayres Bonds 48%% Portuguese Bond;
Chilian Bonds — Prussian, Old
Colombian Bonds — Ditto, New —
Ditto 1824 43S ;Russian —
Danish —
,Spanish. 1821 lO IA
Greek Bonds — ---- 1823 —
Ditto, 1825 ='--.—French Routes, sp. e. —4. —c.
Guatimala — Exchange —f. —c.
Mexican Bonds - 3 per cent....... —f. —c.
Ditto, 162.5 s3l— Exchange-- —t..—c.
PRICES or SHARES THI:

3 DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Paid. Per Share,
.ESOO 410
P. pm.) £2O 66
..... 5 Pt
•pm.) £27% 17% IS 17%
• Pm) 38 15% 16
..... 2 3 0

Bolanos Mining Co.
Bzilian Imp. Min. Co. (iss. at 5/
'Ditto National
Columbian Mining Co. (iss. at 51
United Mex. Min. Co. (lee. at 21
Protector Ineuranee Comp

7.ICS, DUBLIN, DEC. 17.
St. Patrick Insiir. (per sh.)
Royal Irish Ditto —
National Ditto 2O
Patriotic Ditto
Hibernian Bank '6%
Provincial Ditto —
ihoyal Irish Mine —
Imperial Mine —
Mining Co. of Iceland —
Commercial Buildings -,
LANGE YESTERDAY.

Leghorn 49
Genoa 25 40
Venice 47%
Malta
Naplts . 19%
Palermo per oz. 120%
Lisbon
Oporto 46%
Rio laneiro
Bahia 35%
Buenos Ayres
Dublin, 21 days' sight l%
Cork i%
BULLION, PER OZ.
X. E. d.
Portugal Gold, coin... 0 0 0
Foreign Gold, in bars 3 17 9
New Doubloons 0 0 0
New Dollars
Silver, bars, standard 0 4 114
ILS.

M:1
Arrived. Due.
0 America 0
0 Brazil
0 Buenos Ayree 2
1 Dublin 0
0 Flanders 0
2 France 0
0 Gottenburgh 1
0 Guernsey&Jersey 0

Arrived. Due.
0 Hamburgh 2
0 Holland
O Jamaica
O Leeward Islands
O Lisbon 0
0 Malta 0
0 Mexico
I Waterford 0

MGR WATER AT LONDON BRIDCZ TO-MORROW.
Morning ...10 minutes after 2.1 Erening....32 minutes after 2.

NDEN he
COR REPS
Mr. 'larding has noTOt be end en deceivedO by us ;has deceived him-
self. We never inseitptek. His communication of last night
deserves more chastisement than our charity (hoping his tern.
per may improve with his system ! !) will permit us to bestow.

United States into Brazil have been charged
with a duty of 21 per cent., while those of
France and England were admitted at only 15
per cent. If this was done as a favour to France
and England, will not the equalization of the
duty be injurious to them in the same proportion
it is beneficial to others ? But the principle is
liberal, and its adoption must be advantageous
to Brazil.

By the events of the late campaign, the state
of matters between Russia and Turkey has been
brought to a crisis; but, strange to say, reports
are circulated that both parties are still indisposed
to peace. We can scarcely believe this when we
consider the actual position in which they are
now placed by the issue of the late campaign.
We cannot believe that peace, if it is proposed
by the impartial mediation of the neutral Powers,
such as Great Britain, France, and Austria, will
be rejected by either party, because the experi-
ment of war has notoriously failed—more, indeed,
from the mismanagement of Russia than the
skill of Turkey. We can easily understand the
policy of an appeal to the sword, when there is
any prospect of a decisive issue. One nation
goes to war with another, in order, by subduing
it, to force an acceptance of such a peace as the
conqueror nay dictate. In this case there is a
fair trial of strength, and peace follows the sub-
mission' of the weaker power. War is under-
taken for the purpose of bringing about a more
durable or advantageous peace, and it is an ef-
fectual process. But it has not been an equally
effectual process between Russia and Turkey,
because their strength has been, judging by the
result, so equally balanced that neither obtained
the mastery. Russia cannot attain the objects
for which she took up arms except by the con-
quest of Turkey, and her operations for this
purpOse have totally failed. Her armies in the
course of the late campaign have accomplished
nothing beyond the taking of a single fortress or
two; and they are now abandoning the Turkish
territory, which they have merely occupied for a
iirte, leaving, contrary to all the maxims of
offensive war, to the invaded country an inter-
terval of four or five months, to perfect her de-
fensive preparations. Every country, it may be
remarked, contains within itself the means of its
own defence ; and it is only time that is wanting
to raise, and discipline such a force as would be
an overmatch for the invading army. No
country is ever attacked by an army half so
numerous as the one which it could raise, if
it had time and disposition ; and it is only by
boldness, decision, and celerity of movement,
that an invader can ever hope to succeed in his
conquests. . This is one of the standing maxims
on which all great conquerors have continually
acted ; breaking down, by a sudden irruption, the
defences of a country; spreading consternation
far and wide, by the rapid advance of the victo-
rious force ; and giving no time to organise and
prepare the means of resistance. The Russians,
in pursuing so opposite a course, in retiring from
the invaded country with their whole force, have
virtually abandoned its .conquest as a hopeless
enterprise; and they can only renew the attempt
under serious disadvantages. What hope can
they have, therefore, of bringing about peace
through the medium of war ; of forcing on the
Turks a humiliating • peace ? This can only be
the result of conquest ; and the Russians have
already failed in -this bold experiment, without
any reasonable chance of success by a repetition of
it. What object then, it may be asked, has Russia
in continuing the war ? And what can she at-
tain by war that may not be attained by peaec ?
she must now abate her lofty pretensions ; she
must bring down her terms to her altered circum-
stances ; and peace will then be concluded by a
compromise of conflicting claims. Peace, there-
fore, is most clearly her policy, as she is not
likely to improve, but to render her situation
worse by continuing the war. With regard to
Turkey, the same reasoning applies—the Turks
have only succeeded in defensive war—they have
only protected their own terrhory—their sole 'ob-
ject is safety—they can never dream of invading
Russia, nor do the late operations in the field
give the least countenance to such a project. In
fact, they have no chance in a pitched battle,
which they must of necessity risk by inva-
sion. They cannot, therefore, be averse to
peace ; for peace will give them safety, which
is all that they arc fighting for; a guaran-
tee by the Great European Powers of the in-
tegrity of their Empire is all that they can pos-
sibly wish for, and if this be given, as it is likely
it would be, what interest have they in protract
ing a useless war ?

A German Paper of the 13th inst. has been
received, but it only contains news of domestic
or local interest. The rapid passage of an Eng-
lish courier through Frankfint, on his route to
Constantinople, is eagerly seized upon as a sztp-position that he is the bearer of communications
to the Porte from the English Government,
similar to those which M. AmADEE JAUBBRT
takes from France. Supposition goes a great
way in Germany, so long as probability clears
the turnpikes of doubt :

SWITZERLAND, NOV. 28.
The plenipotentiaries of Baden and Wurtemhurgli,
for the commercial relations Ivith Switzerland,
Messrs. Von Matzen and Von Meier, presented to
the Directing Canton, on the 2241 inst., is note re-
lative to the Corn Trade, which declares in the
name of the two kingdoms, that though corn has
now risen to the price at which, according to the