The Sun.
London, England, 1845-10-30 00:00:00

l to construct a proper drying chamber, heated by a stove the
' funnel of which should be made to pass in several directions
.ound the walls, upon which should be fixed shelves, for :3Up-
i 'ling drying trays. On the Continent, where this =mu-
,re has been carried to great perfection, the starch, when
factl• -ed from the vats, is placed upon a floor, constructed
ream% c half-burned porous tiles, or well dried plaster, which
either 0. ith great rapidity, by absorbing its moisture. It is,
dries it w- • many purposes, not necessary, to dry the starch
indeed, for 'ls it will keep well, even when it contains a large
completely, . ster ; and, in France, where it is extensively
preparation of sugar, it is frequently sold as
amount of v. ..le
employed for ti ' containing 30 per cent. of water. I must,
" green starch,'
, -postpone my observations bn the different
for the. present, i potato may be preserved for food. &c., as
lea to so great a length. The great im-
t, and interest which it now excites,
farms :in
tinticewhhiacshetxhteen., ,
rove a sufficient excuse.
pwoortanl.cteruosft,thhoewseuvberje:p.
JOHN F. HODGES, M.D.
1845.
Downpatrick, Cctober 2g/..,

E,BIRMINGHAM
QUEEN'S CO3,I•Et;
ON OF PRIZES.
ANNUAL DIS.
BIRMINGHAM, TUESDAY: p most interesting ex-
h above ,';:ehly valuable and
TR_lro-ja
.a
hibition,, in connection with -hall. The
occasion was the distribution of
important institution, took
nrizes to the sfitetols, and
tptaFe at the'-'1:01/1
numerous and most res
the result ryas highly gratifying to
lof the dis-
.lemen and gent emen
spectable asg,lrnblage of nob
ing the proceedings
trict. The hour appointed for commeuc
was one o'cloc.k, but before that time several gentlemen of
distinction, accoManied by. the professors of the College,
assembled at the histitution in Paradise-street, nd roceeded _ p
pawl
to inspect the who:e establishment, including U 1 oft
s n e
erected church, mu.seu--07 and other interesting po
building.
Shortly after one o'clock a numerous body of the inhabi-
Town-hall, the company who
tants being assembled in the
nclucted to the meeting, and
had visited the college were co.
inrocession were—The Lord
amongst those who formed the
Bishop of the Diocese, Lord Dartiflouth, Lord Lyttelton,
Thomas Phillips, Esq., mayors; Malin, Esq., high
bailiff ; Dr. J. B. Davies, J. . Melsom, Esq., Sands Cox,
Esq., Dr. Buckland, Rev. V. Thomas, Rev. Garbet, rural
, S. Bourne,
dean; Alderman Vauvart, H. Luekcock,
Esq., late high bailiff ; Wm. Chance, Esq., r. Alderman
Room, Dr. Booth, and most of the aldermen and town coun-
cillors of the borough. There were also a great number of
ladies present.
Lord LYTTELTON, as President of the College, opened the
businessin a very appropriate address. With respect to the
institution which had that d 4, convened them together,
be feared no contradiction when he said, that it would be a
most erroneous opinion which should describe that institu-
tion merely as a medical institution. He considered the ob-
ject of that institution was no less for the general education
of the man than for providing instruction for the physician
and surgeon ; and it was on that account that many had felt
the warmest interest in its success, and had considered like
himself that they could freely and fairly take part in the ma-
nagement and care of such an establishment. The object which
it had within its scope was the education of medical stu-
dents ; and he must be allowed to speak with frankness upon
that which needed no lengthened observations to demonstrate
—namely, that medical students had been for a long period
in a peculiar state of disadvantage from the want of such
institutions as the present. It was well known that all ab-
sorbing attention to medical science, unrelieved by the
thoughts and reflections upon the great truths of religion,
had a tendency to materialism and irreligion ; and hence
the great necessity which existed for that admirable system
upon which the education of the Queen's College was
based. The Noble Lord, at considerable length and ability,
enforced this view of the subject, and, in conclusion, ex-
pressed his determination to afford all the assistance he
could to the gentlemen engaged in promoting the interest
of the Queen's College.
Lord DARTMOUTH then rose to move the first resolution,
one of thanks to the Governors of the College for their
exertions in behalf of the institution.
The Rev. R. KENNEDY seconded the resolution, which was
put and carried unanimously ; after which
Dr. J. JOHNSTON returned thanks for the compliment paid
to his father.
The LORD Btsnor, of the Diocese next briefly addressed
the meeting, on the occasion of presenting the Warnford
prize of gold medals, for essays, to Mr. C. E. J. Tipton and
Mr. J. V. Hughes.
The Jephson prize of 20 guineas was presented by Dr.
Booth to Mr. G. Wilmhurst, to whom it was awarded after a
severe examination in all the branches of medical science.
The gold medal for regularity and good conduct was next
presented to Mr. J. V. Hughes and Mr. J. P. Badley ; after
which the celebrated
Dr. BUCKLAND addressed the meeting, and delivered
a very powerful address, in pointing out the great advan-
tages which medical men derived from the pursuit of the
study of chemistry; and after dwelling upon this subject, he
took occasion to advert with very considerable effect to the
present alarming state of the potato crop. It was a question
of humanity, which required the instantaneous application
of all the medical skill and science which could be brought
to bear upon it. It had been too notorious for some weeks
past that a gangrene had seized upon the potato crop, that it
was almost universal. It extended all over Europe, and it was
felt in the United States. It was felt in the first instance, in
Belgium, and then all over France and in Italy. It was his
lot a few weeks ago to be present at two meetings—one, a
meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society of Paris, con-
vened by the Government of France for the purpose of con-
sidering the extent of the mischief done to the potato crop in
that country and the remedy which it became the Govern-
ment to apply. At that meeting Professors Poncha, of
Rouen, and Payen, of Paris, were present; and the nextweek
they printed a document in which the subject was treated
with a vast amount of skill. He (Dr. Buckland) had re-
ceived, within these few days, the result of an investigation
of the potato disease in Scotland, in which Dr. Johnston had
been summoned to institute a chemical investigation
into the nature of the disease, and it was only that
morning he received intelligence which confirmed his worst
fears of the nature and extent of the malady. It ap-
peared that the Government of England had sent a com-
mission, composed of scientific men, chemists, and others, to
confer with the Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland upon
the alarming state of the malady in that country, and he
knew that a potato hospital would be immediately esta-
blished in Ireland. The object of this hospital was not to
cure the eaters of the diseased potatoes, but the design was to
cure the potatoes themselves of the fearful disease which had
seized upon them. There. was, he believed, yet a remedy if
the disease was taken in time. It was now unnecessary to
go into the cause of this alarming disease, and he would at
once say, first of all they must remove the potatoes from the
ground, store them wherever they might—barns, warehouses,
and every place that could be made available for holding
them must be used. Infected potatoes must not be al-
lowed to touch the sound ones, for there was contagion
in them ; and so long as sound potatoes were kept dry
there was no danger of them. The diseased part of the
potato is innocuous to man or beast if mascerated or steeped
12 hours in clean cold water, and then changed and washed
again in other water, before they are boiled. The starch
then in the most decayed and putrid portion of the potato
was perfectly good. After the first twelve hours' steeping,
the rind was to be taken off. The diseased part must be pared,
and the parings washed twice in cold water, there being
twelve hours, as he had said, between each washing; then
they were to be dried and set by for the use of cattle.
The day before he visited Lord Ashburton, where he ate a
portion of those potatoes, the starch of which had been
preserved, and which were perfectly sound. He bad seen
reports of pigs having died from eating potatoes which had
been given to them, but if proper precaution had • been
used such results would not have followed. He believed
it was not a new disease. He believed it existed at
all times, only not to such an extent as at present.
He would, therefore, impfess upon all concerned in the care
of potatoes the absolute necessity of keeping them dry. In-
struments were now being made in Paris and London by
means of which the starch could be separated from the
potato, but where the vegetable fibre remained, let it be
wished and preserved. He would again impress upon those
who had buried their potatoes, the necessity of removing
them at once. They ought to be put into straw, and every
means taken to preserve them and keep them dry. He re-
gretted to state that one-third of the potato crop in Ireland
was lost, and with them the food of 2,000,000 of the people
of that country had perished. The Government must inter-
pose, science must interpose, between the dead and the
living, and by the goodness and mercy of God the plague
may yet be stayed.
The address of the Learned Doctor was listened to with
marked attention, and produced a strong effect upon the
audience. Several other gentlemen addressed the meeting,
which did not terminate till late in the evening.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

The aingdove, 16 (sloop), arrived at Spithead, from the coast of
Africa, yesterday forenoon, under the command of Lieutenant
Walter 1 weed, First Lieutsnant of the Actoron, 26, Captain George
slansel h aving been appointed acting to the command of the sing-
dove by C aptain Mansel on the death of Sir W. Daniell.
The ga tient Sir William Daniell died at Sierra Leone on the
15th of Si !ptember, from disease of the lungs, much to the regret
of the offit :ers and the ship's company, whom he had commanded
three years. and eight months, and by whom he was greatly be-
loved. Sir William was a commander of 1826, and made lieute-
nant in 1813, in which latter rank he served on board the fiag.ship,
the Queen Charlotte, at the battle of Algiers.
The Ring dove was commissioned on the 26th of January, 1842,
when she prweeded to the West India station. She was, however,
ordered to the coast of Africa about fifteen months since, and has
been there until this time. She has been healthy, and reports fa-
vourably of the state of health of the squadron on the station : not
much sickness had prevailed. The surgeon (Dr. Mackay), and the
paymaster and purser (Mr. Drury), are the only principal officers on
board who left England in her.

The Actaeon, 26, Captain Mansel, was at Sierra Leone when the
Ringdove left. Captain Mansel had been ill, but was rapidly re-
covering.
The Waterwitch, 8, Commander Birch, was left by the Ringdove
at the Gallinas, all well.
ki_THE STEAM-SLOOP ECLAIR AND TRE FEVER.—It has been reported
that one or two of the seamen employed in clearing out the un
fortunate Itcelll-0/0(p the Eclair, at Standgate Creek, had taken
the fever. We have no positive authority for contradicting this
assertion ; but if they had, they are now convalescent, for all are
reported ►yell and hoping for an early pratique.
Lieutenant Charles S. Haswell, late in command of the revenue
cutter the Fox, on the expiration of service on board that vessel,
has been appointed to the coast station of St. Mawes, Cornwall,
riPe Harries, deceased, Lieutenant Haswell has been many years
in the Coast-guard service, afloat and ashore, and is fairly entitled
to th annual promotion.

Lieutenant edward Thurnborough Harriet (1 837) died in rem.
mand of the Coast -guard station, St. Mawes, Cornwall, a fortnight
since.

The Trafalgar, 120, arrived at the Wore from Plymouth, during
Friday night, and saluted the admiral on Saturday morning, who
with Captain Nott, went out the same day in the Hart, tender,
towed by the African, steamer, and mustered and inspected the
ship's company; he also exercised them tiring in divisions. She
has discharged the greater part of her powder, and is expected to
go into Sheerness Harbour in a day or two.

The St. Vincent, 120, Captain Rowley, went !into Portsmouth
Harbour, yesterday morning, and took up her old position off Gos-
port) she will partially unrig, and will be paid off on Saturday
next, when she will be re-commissioned by Captain Sir Richard
Grant, and will then hoist the flag of the Commander-in-Chief, Sir
Charles Ogle, Bart.

The Vanguard, 80, Captain Willes, was taken out of Portsmouth
basin, alongside her hulk th Victorious, yesterday morning. She
is receiving her provisions and stores, and will go to Spithead on
Thursday.

The Ocean, 80, Captain superintendent Arthur, C. 8., at
Sheerness, did not go out of dock till Monday ; she is now in the
basin painting, and is having her quarter. deck ports enlarged for
her gums.

The President, 50, Captain Stanley, re-hoisted the flag of Rear-
Admiral Dacres, at Portsmouth, and saluted the flag of the Com.
mander-in-Chief, Sir Charles Ogle, yesterday morning, which the
Victory, 104, guard.ship, returned, hoisting (pro tem.) the Admi-
ral's flag at the main. It is now positively stated that the Presi.
dent will sail with the Vanguard, under Jer orders, and join the
fleet of two.deckers, on whose capabilities and sailing qualities Ad-
miral Dacres will make a report.
The Ajax, 72, has been brought into the ♦acant dock at Ports-
mouth, to have her copper stripped off.

AWFUL AND DESTRUCTIVE

FLOOD.

Last week a most tremendous torrent (occasioned by the
incessant fall of rain by which we have been visited) flowed
with terrific force from the mountains westward of Ardy-
goman, to the subterraneous passage at Ayle, carrying with
it in its onward course—as we have been informed eye-
witnesses—wheat, oats, barley, hay, turf, bogdale, and ac-
tually hurling rocks,
.which stood the torrents of ages, from
their places into the wide recesses of the beautiful cave, which
in a few seconds, became choaked up with the fruits of the
toil and labcur of the poor industrious husbandman. The
consequence was, that the flood having no passage through
the gulf thus blocked up, rose with the rapidity of thought
over the elevation of the bed of the river, a height of more
than 200 feet, and rushing along the country, carried on its
surface in its grand but destructive course all the oats stocked
in the fields, the hay from the haggards, and the turf in the
clamps on to Ballyburke. For a distance of over to
o miles
from Aye to Ballyburke the country has been entirely in-
undated, and nothing remains to the poor people but moun-
tains of mud and rocks covering their potato-fields. At
Logbawp, a flat tract of tillage near Ballyburke, there is at
the moipent we write more than four feet of water lodged
over the potato crops.
Such has been the amount of damage caused by the flood,
that many who the day previous were in comparatively com-
fortable circumstance., are now reduced to a state of pri-
vation and famine. Numbers who had before this visitation
doled out with a willing hand to the poor and needy, are
now themselves on the eve of walking forth to seek the alms
of others, or take shelter beneath the roof of the workhouse.
Previous to this calamity complaints regarding the potato
crops were somewhat prevalent in this county, but we confi-
dently hope the reports are exaggerated.—Mayo Telegraph.

PRESENT TO HER MAJESTY.—The Bombay, Cap-
tain Purley (Hon.. East India Company's service), an East
India trdder, and one of the largest now afloat, being 1,400
tons burthen, arrived off Blackwall on Thursday last, and
now lies in the river, waiting for a spring tide to carry her
into dock, where the depth is not at present more than 22 ft.,
the Bombay now drawing 24 ft water. She is the property
of Sir John Pixie and Co., and has made a remarkably quick
passage, having come from Bombay in little more than 14
weeks, and the whole time occupied in her outward and
homeward voyages, including that of receiving the freight,
has not been more than ten months. Sheds brought a
most splendid cargo, of the estimated value of 250,0001., in-
cluding four beautiful symmetrically-formed, Arabian, entire
horses, of a fine grey colour, and which, together with
their housing, of an extraordinary unique and gorgeous de-
scription
.(valued at 1,0001. per horse), are forwarded as a
present to her Majesty by that celebrated Parsee merchant
Sir Jamsetjee Jejeehov. 'They were brought over in the
most excellent condition, chiefly through the unremitting
care of Mr. Randon, riding-master, of the Royal Bombay
Artillery., They were debarked on Saturday, and transmit-
ted to her Majesty's stables, and in the transit thither
through the streets of the metropolis excited the most mark-
ed attention and general admiration of the public. The
cargo on board the Bombay consists of a large quantity of
cotton, and an immense and unrivalled collection of magnifi-
cent shawls and silks, in every diversity of colour and pat-
tern, the whole of which is chiefly the importation and pro-
perty of Sir Jamesetjee Jejeehoy, who was knighted, for his
aid to the
tßriiestisinh
hGsicLovernment, and has attainted the highest
point _ of general estimation in the eastern world, by his truly
aointileireaerbee: ehaar amanners(i , his philanthropy in founding hospitals and
is,agliirenesz,d states,in every
y promotingrespee respect
thteh egencoemrai
welDfarieedo:
sheea;hteouse,}3dintiZu. rgb on the 1 1 th current,
Mrs. Frances Ingram Spence, widow
minister of Duddingston. er the late Rev. John Thomson,

The Eagle, 50, Captain Martin, C.D., with the flag of Rear.
Admiral Inglefield, C.B. ; the Melampus, 42, Captain J. Norton
Campbell; the Curagoa, 20, Captain Sir Thomas S. Pashley, Ban. ;
the Philomel, 6 surveying vessel, Commander Sullivan; and the
Firebrand steam frigate, Captainillope, were left of Monte Video,
August 20. The Acorn, Racer, and Dolphin, must also have
been there by that time.

The Juno, 26, Captain Patrick Blake, has not yet left Sheerness
Harbour. She bent sails on Monday, but no particular day is
fixed for her sailing. It will be an early one, however. The Rha-
damanthus steamer, Master Commander T. H. Laen, brought some
men from Cork for her on Monday.
The Conway, 26, Captain Kelly, arrived at the Mauritius on
the 16th of August. She detained the Comet, Whitehouse master,
from Madagascar, and brought her to the Mauritius.
The Racer, 16, Commander Rees, left Buenos Ayres on the Ist
of August, for Monte Video.

The Acorn, 16, Commander Bingham, left Buenos Ayres fer
Mate Video, August 3.
The Waip, 16 (sloop), Commander S. H. !Asher, arrived st St.
Helena from Ascension on the 10th of September.
The Kingfisher, 12, Commander Brown, was inspected at Spit_
head on Monday, by Admiral Sir Charles Ogle. She embarked
30 supernumeraries and 25 boys for distribution In the African
squadron; she will be paid advance today, and will sail to-
morrow for Ascension, taking out dispatches for Commodore Jones,
of the Penelope, 22, steam-frigate.

The Nautilus, 10, Lieut.-Commander J. M'Donald, was taken
out of dock yesterday morning ; she will refit, 'and proceed to her
station off the coast of Sussex.

The Philomel, 6, surveying.vessel, Commander Sullivan, left
Buenos Ayres for Colonia on the Ist of August.

The Dolphin, 3, brigantine, Lieut.-Commander R. T. Levinge,
sailed from Buenos Ayres for Monte Video on the Bth of August.
The Gorgon, steam-sloop, Captain Hotham, left Buenos Ayres
far England on the 24th of August.

SINGULAR " Fix."—One day last week a bullock
was temporarily paced in a yard in Maidstone, the entrance to
which was closed by a large boarded gate, in which there was a
wicket. The wicket being open the animal made a rush through
it, but the aperture not being wide enough he became fixed in the
centre ; on finding which he made a desperate effort, and actually
carried the gate away from its hinges and fastenings, and ran across
the street with this singular appendage surrounding his body like a
huge collar. It was ultimately necessary to saw it off.—Maidstone
Journal.

INTENDED NEW BRANCH GENERAL POST OFFICE.
—Several houses on the south-side of Piccadilly, near St. James's
Church, have been sold for the purpose of being immediately rased
to the ground, on the site of which is to be erected a capacious
new Branch General Post-office, the one at Charing-cross, from the
extreme increase of business, being found to be considerably too
small for the transaction of public business, and it is to be removed
into Piccadilly.—Post.

11ELANCHOLY REVERSE OF FORTUNE.—The daugh-
ter of the late Sir Abraham Bradley King, who was twice Lord
Mayor of Dublin, and Grand Master of the Orange Lodge, and
who had, in his capacity of Lord Mayor, entertained George IV.,
when he visited Ireland in 1821, has been compelled, as the widow
of a naval officer, to apply to the Royal Naval Benevolent Society
Mr assistance. Her memorial was rejected at the last Court of the
Society, on the ground that a lady so connected should not be left
by her friends to seek assistance from strangers.

-
CORONER'S INQUEST.—LOVE AND SUICIDE.—On
Tuesday Mr. Baker held an inquest at the Three Crowns, East-road,
City-road, on view of the body of Mrs. Elizabeth Hounsou' aged 60,
widow of the late Mr. Hounson, who was the surveyor of the East
India Company's navy. It appeared that deceased resided at No. 7,
Wentworth-place, City-road, and that she was in the possession of an
independent income, a portion of it being a pension from the East
India Company. She had been a widow about twenty years. A
short time ago she formed an attachment to a gentleman, a resident
at Gravesend, who broke off his engagement with her in consequence
of a disagreement about pecuniary matters. Since then her man-
ners, which were formerly eccentric, became still more so, and she
exhibited a great depression of spirits. On Sunday last she break-
fasted with the family of Mr. William Hockley, a medical gentleman,
with whom she resided. About two o'clock, upon his return home,
finding her bedroom door fastened, he caused it to be burst open,
when deceased was discovered suspended by a piece of tape from the
bedpost. She was immediately cut down, but there was no sign of
life. Among the papers of the deceased was a printed circular from
a railway company, which had been addressed to her, and in which
she was requested to put down the number of shares she was in want
of. Verdict—Temporary Insanity.
FATAL ACCIDENT AT PETWORTIL—A son of Mr.
Death, aged between three and four years, was killed on Sunday
morning last, by being thrown from a gig. Mr. Death had alighted
for the purpose of opening a gate, when the horse started off in a
trot, and Mr. Death, in trying to get on the step, missed his footing
and was thrown down by the wheel. The horse then went off in a
fhll gallop ; and the poor little fellow was, about a quarter of a mile
off, thrown on his head, the wheel also passing over it. Mr. Death
on coming up raised him in his arms, in which he expired before he
could get him to the nearest cottage. An inquest was held on the
yd,a
abteforedr.sreturned.
L. Ellls, E sq , Coroner, when a verdict
of r Accidental M
onl 'a
h " sia

MELANCHOLY OCCURRENCE.-TWO LIVES LOST.
—On Tuesday forenoon, between ten and eleven o'clock, two men, in
the employment of Messrs. Taylor, Walker, and Co., brewers, Lime-
house, of the names of John Perrin and William Spicer, were unfor-
tunately suffocated in a vat, the melancholy circumstances connected
with which, as they were detailed to our informant by a person in
the establishment, were as follow :—Perrin, who was one of the
cellarmen, was about to clean a vat, No. 15, and for that purpose
asked Spicer, who was a drayman, to assist him. Previous to en-
tering the vat, it is the custom to lower a candle, in order to prove
whether it is free from the gas which, when the porter is drawn off,
usually collects from the grounds. Perrin went into the counting-
house for a candle, expecting that the other man would wait till his
return, but, instead of doing so, he put the ladder in vat No. 14, the
cover of which had only been removed about nine o'clock that morn-
ing, when it is supposed he immediately fell Into the vat, being over-
powered by the effect of the foul air. When Perrin returned, he
immediately proposed to enter the vat, and bring out the unfortu-
nate mall. Against the advice of some of the men who had collected
gala:Top' he went down the ladder without the pre-
e tied round his body, lie in consequence
ahastivmhineilar fate. An attempt was then made to extricate
emu
apet
iottn i
ohearing
with a
them with grappling irons, but without effect. A large hole was
then cut at the bottom of the vat, when they were dragged out, but
without any signs of life. Mr. Bailey, a surgeon of the neighbour-
hood, who had been in attendance some time, tried to restore the
vii al functions. His efforts, however, were unavailing. The vat in
question was about sixteen feet deep, and had contained about 500
gallons of pale ale. The other vat had been two or three days open.
Both were steady men, and had been in the service of the firm many
years. Perrin was thirty years ofage, and a single man; and Spicer
fifty years of age, and a widower.

rTivu:ESlnEhAßeyrlelpii,UasFTS: CHARGE OF MUTINY.-LIVERPOOL,
. e royal mail steamer Cambria, which ar-
EhnigNi?N ht°froml'Halifax and Boston, with the North Ame-
rican mails, brought seven seamen in irons, part of the crew of the
British barque Champlain, belonging to Cork, who had been given up
by the United States authorities,' under the treaty with that country,
for examhiation in England, upon a charge of aggravated mutiny,
o;
and of attempting to sink the vessel they were navigating. On the
arrival of the steam,
me!h,otlfioe prisoners, were given into the charge of
tenloznewktn'ttnoli-dhtaalyndthede teliheamrgeosvaegrationatthtehceimvilwaeure-
Thoinas
Y Matthews Ise, stipendiary magistrate. The
au-
thorities, it *dile se,viande' lta"Nt twelve.
I;eitizel, John Cockleston, Her-
investigated before Mr.
names of the prisoners are
with depositionsc,a iisd or.
yn taken
is
tem
this
fro beforem,k
eoMmaiaisie Baonydi e'thjeobau3thVoCriatinens'
l hey were most volumi-
nousexaminedii t to-day, namely,
amnadnnHlieninryckewr,ilHliamenr
Matthews.
the British Consul , for the State The
of the United States were produced. .
captain
atoptamadPveaantoened, there
prisoners had hear,
ad
onlythFroomne wri.aittnewese ‘hves
of seamen in St. John's, and wages
ympton,
was
they had
release them
aftnehrowoeussed
a;
days
3e. bat
eau
after
rt
fi.
tdcei.rty
the terms
ofT htheyeircoaurtldielneost, paenrdsuthadereetfhoreer
itp i,
that they conspired to compel him to put them ashore
ingThoenflersotf mthuetinir obilsy,
Iftnekwastshown by
tte been
prisoners
afoe
ii
ew
rdaaey so
commanding
ship about, and steer a course quite opposite to that dire'ettekallt the
captain. The captain, however, succeeded in causing the vessel the
keep the right course, and then it was suddenly discovered that the
to
vessel was making water. On this the prisoners in a body refused to
work. It is said an augur was fbund upon one of them, and that
with this augur they kept continually boring holes, until at one time
there was eight and a half feet of water in the hold. Being in danger
the prisoners just pumped sufficiently to keep the ship afloat, then
they .‘ knocked off." This conduct was repeated for several be,u.s.
At last a brig hove in sight. The captain immediately hoisted signals
of distresi, which were fortunately observed, and boats sent to the
relief of the Champlain. The two captains communicated, and the
result was, that the seven prisoners, after a long struggle, were
placed in irons, and conveyed to the first port, which happened to be
on the coast of Maine.
A CASE NOT MENTIONED IN TUE GAME-LAWS.---
On Monday evening a covey of partridges were observed winging
their flight, apparently in a state of great exhaustion, over the town
of Woolwich. Shortly afterwards several of the birds alighted on the
ledge overhanging the window of Mr. Nives, a hairdresser in High-
street, ene of the most crowded thoroughfares in the town. Various
attempts were made to knock them down, and at length a
neighbour, having mounted the ledge, captured one of them with his
hand, which he immediately disposed of for a shilling. Some mali-
cious wags, however, played a trick off upen the poor fellow, by
threatening him with the terrors of a prosecution for selling game
without a license.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—The new sliding scale bids fair to enjoy a short though
by no means a glorious existence. For three brief years it has suf-
fered the singular infelicity of not answering either of the purposes
for which it was devised : it has neither procured a good price for the
farmer, nor a sufficient supply in the hour of need. The fourth year
has come, and, with it, the emergency which was to test the virtues
of the scale. Now is the promised day which was to unite those
much desired contraries, dearness and abundance—to bring up wheat
to 70s. a quarter, and to pour millions of quarters through the Cus-
tom-house.. But behold, instead of the regular operation of the
sliding scale, a coup d'etat ; instead of a long foreseen emergency, a
sudden surprise—instead of a splendid proof of Ministerial sagacity, a
sudden disclosure of the most inexcusable folly. The wheat crop is
by this time ascertained to be indifferent in the quality, and short in
the yield. So it is generally throughout Europe, in some
countries even worse than in England. The accumulations of the
corn-growing districts have been reckoned up with t lerable cer-
tainty, and found wanting. The Continental prices arc at this
moment rivalling the English prices. The potato panic, which
has so mysteriously risen and fallen, is much too universal
not to be well founded. If there has not been a serious
failure. never was there so wide-spread and so audacious a conspiracy
to terrify the world. The result is a commercial phenomenon almost
unparalleled. At this moment it is impossible to say in what direc-
tion the currents of human food will run for the ensuingtwelvemonth
—whether from Ireland to England, or England to Ireland ; whether
from Odessa to England or to Belgium ; whether from England to
Belgium or vice versii . Where there are so many calls, the pos-
sessors are beginning to discover the value of their store. From one
end of the continent to another the fortunate holders are beginning
to hoard corn either for wealth or fbr subsistence There is a
rising cry to open the ports or even to prohibit exportation.
In Ireland the calamity seems imminent. Sensible people are counting
the months. Next January say some, next April say others, dire
scarcity will begin her reign. The cry has at last reached Down-
ing-street, and to-morrow, it is said, there is to be a Cabinet Council
to discuss the famine question. It is then to be settled whether the
ports are to be opened by an order in Council, or whether, as some
think necessary, by a special session held for the purpose. Such is
the early catastrophe of the sliding-scale. It is impossible not to
wish an end to this ill-fated contrivance by any means whatever.
We are convinced that its existence so far will be found to have seri-
ously aggravated the difficulties of the next few years. England,
and indeed all the civilised world, has just embarked in a vast aggre-
gate of enterpriae beyond all former precedent, and beyond all mo-
derate computation of our powers and resources, Works have been
undertaken, and wealthy companies have been pledged to their ac-
complishment, which will require the labour of millions, all to be
supported out of the existing store. At any price, labour, iron, stone,
wood, food, and other raw material moist be procured, for the workr.,
once begun, it is ruinous to stop for Pae smallest breathing time. roe
pressure on existing capital bids tar to be greater than at any fo'emer
era of our eventful history, So great a human effort, brie so
far beyond the probable rowers of man, demands every possible
alleviationxpsoour
assistance. For our own part, we do not hesitate to
re
':, that the undertakings to which England is
express
and
eouasvisetistot
now irrecoverably pledged, not to speak of these whirl are further
meditated, ablost require another whole harvest, another whole
Pratting the future
oyueatro'sf sthupepol
?:teosftiothne, wneecleardriouressoeflveetsviulinsededrltihfee. D ecessity of procur-
ing by 8,1,37 honest means an immediate supply, Whatever course is
adopted at to-morrow's Council, it is, we beßeve, certain that the
ports will be opened by same authority, and for some time. The
authority is a constitutional question ; the time is one for common
sense and common feeling to decide. To open the ports and then to
shut them, to lay on duties and then withdraw them by a special Act
of the Legislature—by an effort of the whole nation represented in
Parliament—seems so impossible a folly, that it is scarcely worth
while to discuss its propriety. The sliding scale was to discharge this
delicate office. That elaborate piece of legislation, that wheel within
wheel, has failed. Will a succession of special Acts be a less cumbrous
affair? Will a living sliding scale— not so much Parliament a.s an actual
convention of the nation assembled for this purpose—be a more na-
taral and practicable plan ? It is impossible to suppose—that Parlia-
ment would meet and prorogue with the intention of holding another
extraordinary session in order to watch the progress of the scale—
that the Legislature will stand, like Justice in the Westminster Hall
cartoons, everlastingly poising the scale—everlastingly re-adjusting
the fulcrum, weighting the beam. Such is the happy and honourable
conclusion of the Premier's master policy. The nation is forced at
tad, on its very knees, to do what even four years back it might have
done as an act of justice and humanity. Famine now extorts from
our grasp what might have been even regarded as a willing „boon to
universal man. So far Sir Robert Peel has degraded us to the reign
of slavish fear and brute necessity. Once we might have declared a
free trade in corn, now we must. The only consolation is that per-
haps the work will be more effectual, though less prudent. Four
years since it might have been a fixed duty, now it is total repeal.
That is all the landowners now gain by their devout subjection to Sir
Robert Peel.

POST.—The mercantile newspapers seem to be exceedingly pleased
at what they now consider the certain doom of the corn-laws. They
rejoice in what they are pleased to term the clear and intelligible in-
dications of the public mind that these laws most be abandoned.
The evidence to which they appeal consists of speeches which have
been made, or letters (which have been written, by Captain Rous,
Mr. Escott, and Lord Ashley. We own that we should not ourselves
have chosen these persons as the most adequate expounders of the
public mind. Nor do we think the mercantile newspapers would
have done this honour, had they not made up their opinion before-
hand that anything which gave hope of the repeal of the corn-laws,
must be in accordance with the public mind, and must be clear, and
must be intelligible. The case of that high authority the Hon.
Captain Rouse is rather peculiar. He is a much misunderstood
gentleman. Some after-dinner reporter, animated with the zeal of a
corn-law repealer, and probably with something else, told the
world through some newspaper that the Hon. Captain had made a
flaming anti-corn-law speech. This was copied into all the other
newspapers, and the weight of the Captain's political reputation was
added to the repeal cause. At the end of a tortnight, or so, it was
discovered by this M.P. for the metropolitan city of the empire that
the newspapers had made a corn-law repealer of him. He wrote to
say that he was no such thing—that he had said nothing like what
had been attributed to him, but, on the contrary, had maintained
that restrictions upon the import of foreign corn were wise and neces-
sary, and that the relaxation of the restrictive system so far as re-
garded import of colonial corn from Canada was unwise. To no pur-
pose, however, has the Hon. Captain written. Even the Times will
still have the Captain out in the same rank with Lord Ashley and
Mr. Escott, to vouch against the corn-laws, and to make him (on the
strength of an erroneous and repudiated report) an expounder of the
clear and intelligible opinion of the public against Legislative protection
of British agriculture. This is the way in which that poor monster, the
public, is pulled about by the ears. Writers of newspapers and Members
of Parliament take equal liberties with that monster. Each drags
him his own way, until at last the monster, partly frightened and
partly enraged, kicks up his heels and rushes madly forward, roaring
and bellowing and tossing about whatever he fancies for the moment
to be an obstruction. Such is the folly, such the madness, which
every now and then sways the gravest affairs of national concernment
in countries which are governed by what is called public opinion.
We are told that a repeal of the corn-laws would soothe the general
irritation, and would anfetter commerce from unnatural restrictions.
The commercialists think, of course, there are no human beings to be
cared for but themselves. Little does it matter to them that between
four and five millions of people in Great Britain—two-thirds of them
able-bodied men—would find the business by which they live injured
everywhere, and in many localities utterly destroyed, by this altera-
tion ofthe law. This does not concern them. Their sympathies are
only with busy towns—where there are steam-engines heaving
and straining in the midst of smoke and noise—where
there are busy, bustling, speculative men—where there
are smart talkers, and news-rooms, and reading-rooms,
and mechanics' institutes, and a hundred contrivances
to Rive wealth and effrontery the advantages which modest merit
seeks in vain. Such communities as these, in which the philosophy
that the weakest must go to the wall, and ought to go to the wall, is
openly and impudently professed, are those alone which are cared for
by the commercialists and their organs. The scattered ham'ets of
the country are nothing to them; and, because nothing to them, are
nothing in the estimation of a Minister whom no spark of generous
feeling ever visits—whose mind is the condensation of a tempting-
house, and his best eloquence a balance-sheet of opposing items of
argument, set forth with the coldness of an arithmetician. The main
question is this—does the business of agriculture in this country re-
quire Legislative protection in order that it may be carried on?
Would that business be extensively given up if protection was aban-
doned? Would it take another form than it wears at present, and
become a business which would give less employment to the people
than it gives at present? If these questions can be answered in the
negative, the corn-laws are not wanted. If, on the other hand, they
must be answered in the affirmative (which we believe they must be
if answered truly), then the Legislature which abandons protection
deserves to be abandoned by the people, and to suffer destruction at
their hands.
CHRONICLE.—We hear that it is the Intention of the Cabinet to
dealingconsider
wthe
th railwayit
n
question
Parliament,
at one of their earliest meetings. generally, and the proper mode of
Most people will say that they are not only right in their determi-
nation, but that they ought to have done it long ago. It was
matter of notoriety last session that everybody was doing too much
except her Majesty's Ministers; that the Speaker was over-worked
t—hathtatthtehe
Committees Committees
on
o nßilsltsanwdeinreg
over-worked—but,
wr s
no-
thing. Mr. Estcourt looked at Sir George Clerk as a day-labourer
surveys his overlooker. The one was continually active, the other
continually idle. The one was unpaid for over-labour, the other was
paid for doing nothing. But this is the least part of the evil. The
truth is, a new pressure has come upon the Legislature, and they
have not the means of meeting it. Sir Robert Peel praises indus-
trious committee-men, and has already rewarded Mr. Darby
for his septuagint in group XX. But the machine will not work.
Another seed time has come, and when the crop is ready for the
sickle there will not be labourers to reap it. In agricultural affairs
we have the advantage of Irish assistance, but in railways our ju-
dicatures must be Saxon. But whether there are labourers or not,
the thing does not work. Too many Bills must pass in any given
year, whether your system be equal or unequal to the pressure, so
long as the system continues as at present. There is a want of ge-
neral control—a want of some superior committee, or some superior
tribunal, which shall determine how many millions may safely be
expended. The individual Committees decide only upon the
Bills, and deal with them, either for approval or rejection,
on the merits. They do not take into account financial or
monetary questions. They consider whether the London and York,
or the Caledonian, is a good line, not whether the country can
afford it within the next three years. They are assembled to do
justice between the parties. They have nothing to do with the
state of the exchanges—nothing to do with the proceed-
ings of other Committees—nothing to do with the important con-
sideration of the pressure of their decision on the country.
We have laboured in vain, whilst everything was at premium, to
bring this before the public, but to no purpose. We have laboured in
vain to bring it before her Majesty's Ministers, but ineffectually. Sir
R. Peel stood aloof, saw forty or fifty millions voted without an
observation, and would still, we verily believe, stand aloof another
year, were not the symptoms become alarming, and the necessity of
some Ministerial intervention become apparent. He must now,
malgre lui, make himself a real First Lord of the Treasury. To him
the country looks for safe pilotage in the monetary convulsion that
may ensue. His reputation is financial, or nothing at all. When
millions and tens of millions are concerned, it becomes a Government
to show itself. But what, it will be asked, ought to have been done,
and what can be done at present ? Our own notion is, that her
Majesty's Government last year, in conjunction with the Bank of
England and the Treasury, should have predetermined in
their own minds how many millions might properly be
voted for railways. Having done so, they should have
adopted some mode of selection, by which those which pressed most,
on the ground of public convenience, should have had precedence. It
would have been difficult, no doubt ; but all useful things are so ; and
Governments are established for the prevention or solution of such
difficulties. It would not, however, have been impossible. A selec-
tion might have been made by the Beard of Trade, and would have
met with public support, had the reasons been obviously of a public
character, unconnected with private interests. If the Board of Trade
had taken such a course, instead of attempting what was imprac-
ticable, and therefore done imperfectly, we should have avoided half
the mischief, perhaps half the gambling, certainly a great deal of the
confusion that has occurred. But it could not have been done with
effect without far more energy, and far more determination on the
part of Sir Robert Peel to support his colleagues, than was witnessed
last year. They do not commit such follies in other countries. The
consummate pedantry of such proceedings is the peculiar glory or
reproach of the British Parliament. But be this as it may,
a committee, or a commission, or the Board of, Trade,
or any authorised tribunal should have selected the
lines which required precedency. There might no doubt
be Itakes—there are mistakes, and have been always; but there
woul , at all events, have been all due means to avoid them, and
we believe that they would scarcely have occurred. Nothing, how-
ever, of the kind was done. Everything was in confusion. Let us
now see what must be done next year. For our own parts, we have
nothing to recommend but what may be gathered from the observa-
tions already made. If Government consider that it is safe to spend
any more money in 1846. they should first say how much. They
should then set themselves to some mode of ascertaining what the
lines should be. Now, it is manifest that the lines which have al-
ready made some progress should be the first to receive a decision.
In fact, whatever be the state of the money market, it cannot be bad
enough to justify any further postponement of those parties; but
with regard to others, we would leave the Selection to a commis-
sion. If this is neglected, Parliament must, of course, deal with
Individual Bills as before, and three or four times a greater number
will inevitably pass than is compatible with public safety.

DEATH OF M. FORTIQUE, THE VENEZUELAN
MINISTER.—We regret to have to announce the sudden death of M.
Fortique, the Venezuelan Minister, at his residence in Wimpole-
Street, on Tuesday morning. M. Fortique had lately returned from a
diplomatic mission to Sweden, and had complained for some time
past of cough and difficulty of breathing, but not to such an extent,
as to excite the alarm of his friends. It is, however, the opinion of
Mr. Erlehden, the deceased's medical attendant, that the immediate
cause of the fatal result was a neglected cold and inflammation of
the lungs. M. Fortique was about 45 years of age, unmarried, and
much and most deservedly respected by the corps diplomatic in this
country.

- -
DETERMINED SUICIDE —Late on Monday night
Mr. W. Payne held an inquest at the Bakers' Hall, Harp-lane,
Tower-street, on the body of Thomas Cooper, aged 28, tide-waiter in
the Customs. It appeared from the evidence that, about a week ago,
the deceased had been reprimanded by his superior officer for absent-
ing himself from duty without leave. This appeared to have a great
effect upon his mind. On Saturday last he reported himself " sick,"
and on the same day took a lodging at the. King's Head Tavern,
Harp-lane. On the following morning the servant went to call him
at ten o'clock, when he replied that he would be down in a few
minutes, but not making his appearance at eleven o'clock, he was
again called, and his door was found to be fastened. The police were
called in and the room-door burst open, when the deceased was found
suspended by a piece of rope from the rail of the bedstead. Verdict—
" Temporary Insanity."

THE COAL-FIELD IN MARYLAND.--One of the
articles in the October number of the National Magazine and
Industrial Record is on the subject of the coal-field in the
upper and lower, or northern and southern districts, covering
42 and 239 square miles respectively. Of this whole amount,
215 Square miles, or 138,000 acres, are underlaid with avail-
able coal fifteen yards thick. This, in the common way of
working, would yield 50,000 tons per acre, or 32,000,000 of
tons per mile; a quantity said to be greater than the enor-
mous annual consumption and waste of Great Britain. In
all the British mines the coal is below ground at depths
varying from 30 to 1,600 feet; the Allegany measures are
nearly all above the water level. The expense of working
the latter is, therefore, much less than that of working the
ormer.

PATENT GALVANIZED IRON COMPANY.—Tuesday
a special general meeting of shareholders was held at their offices.
Mr. Malin was chosen chairman. He stated that the meeting was to
take into consideration a plan for increasing the capital to 500,000/.,
in order to meet the largely increasing operations of the company, not
only in the special article of their patent galvanized iron, but also in
their general operations in rails, boiler-plates, and all ether descrip-
tions of iron, which the company manufacture in Staffordshire and
Wales, and for those purposes it was proposed to call up immediately
100,000/. of the Increased capital. The, motion having hien seconded,
was tumultuously adopted by the meeting:

London and Birmingham
London and Brighton
Great Western
Bristol and Exeter .
London and South-Western .
South-Eastern and Dover

Tir E N. TIUI MORNING, OCTOBER 30, 1845.

MONEY MARKET and .CIT Y NE WS.

CITY, TUESDAY EYE Nl\ G.
TIMES.—The share market was decidedly better. Now that
the first excitement has passed, and much of the rubbish that
before encumbered business has been removed, prices exhibit a
healthier appearance, and areprogressing towards a fair value. The
settlement in se►eral of the new scrips to-day was effected with
ease. The account of the last fortnight, which will be arranged
on Friday, promises less difficulty than was at first apprehended.
The premium on gold at Paris is 1l per mine, which, at the
English Mint price of Si. 17s. I O'd. per ounce for standard gold,
gives an exchange of 25 44 ; and the exchange at Paris on London
at short being 25 57k, it follows that gold is 0.53 per cent. dearer
in London than in Paris.

By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 430 per mark,
which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 1014 d. per ounce for
standard gold, gives an exchange of 13s. lid. ; and the exchange
at Hamburgh on London at short being 13 71, it follows that gold
is 0.12 per cent. dearer in Hamburgh than in London.
The course of exchange at New York on Landon is 1091 per
cent., and the par of exchange between England and America being
109 23-40 per cent., it follows that the exchange is 0.18 per cc nt.
in favour of England ; but the quoted exchange at New York being
for bills at 60 days' sight, the interest must be added to the above
difference.

On the amalgamation of the various French projects with the
Great Northern of France, it has been customary to return so
much of the deposits originally paid as exceeded the amount of the
deposit required on the shares of the "constituted" line appro.
priated to the original shareholders. The directors of the Pepin
Lehalleur project have, however, formed an exception in this
respect. Instead of returning the whole difference, they have de-
tained Bs. 6d. on every "constituted" share (one of which is appro-
priated to the bolder of every 12 original shares), on the somewhat
indefinite plea that it is to cover "expenses." The other com-
panies not having required anything for "expenses," and it having
been generally believed that the interest on deposit and the state of
exchange between the two countries were quite sufficient to cover
all preliminarier.., the holders seem to think that a particular' ex-
planation of thlsdeviation from an usual course is required.
What we/. anticipated with respect to the bankers giving infor-
mation about railway deposits proves to be quite correct. A cor-
respondent, who has applied to one of the leading houses in Lom-
bard-stteet, was referred to the " Committee" of the Company in
question, with whose permission, but not otherwise, the state of
the balance would be made known. On the other hand, few of
the companies seem disposed as yet to volunteer the information.
It will evidently therefore take some time to get at the truth,
though ultimately it will come out.

Parties in the City interested in railway stock are watching with
some solicitude the effect which the exposure and fall in price of the
mere visionary schemes and bubbles may have upon the old-esta-
blished undertakings which having got into steady work are
paying good dividends. In all such cases it is not to be expected
that they can wholly escape from the influence of the general
alarm, principally because persons who are in want of money to
fulfil obligations for scrip will part with solid stock rather
than allow their credit to be injured. In the ordinary state of
business buyers and sellers balance each other, and there occurs no
excess either way; but the best securities cannot stand under any
sudden pressure, and this seems just the case at present with the
tried descriptions of railway property. Unless, then, there exists
some reason to the contrary, they will soon regain their former
estimation, as the prudent capitalist who has kept aloof from the
prevalent infection will always have funds in hand to purchase
what the other, through his distress and folly, is obliged to throw
away, or to part with at a great sacrifice. Great fluctuations in
railway shares have necessarily, however, this injurious conse-
quence—that they prevent timid persons from resorting to them
far an investment, and even one instance of the kind may produce
both a deep and a general impression. None of the companies stand
in a much better position than the Great Western, yet the fact that
a purchaser of 10 shares in its stock, less than a year ago,
would be now at least 1,000/. the poorer by the transaction,
must render a return to the confidence formerly enjoyed a long and
difficult work. This great depression has not been wholly pro-
duced, as it need hardly be stated, by the present crisis ; though
the property has materially declined since the publication of the
Bank notice. Annexed are the variations which have occurred
within the last fortnight, and it is gratifying to observe that some
of them are wholly insignificant, and that steadier markets may
therefore soon be expected :

October 14.

October 27.

ilighest.l Lowest: I ilighest.l Lowest'.

218% 217 217
214
70 68% 63% 60
162 160 149 145
101 99 90 85
77 77 75 72
41% 41% 38 37

CHRONICLE.—The " standing order," regulating the pay.
ment of railway deposits, to which we alluded yesterday, provides
that it shall not apply to any railway Bills which have been before
Parliament during the present session (that is, session 1845), and
which may again be introduced in the next (1846), or which are
already provisionally registered, or the subscription contract for
which may be already executed, or partly executed, on the 29th
day of July, 1845 (not 1844, as stated yesterday by a misprint),
but with respect to such Bills a sum equal to one-twentieth part of
the amount subscribed shall be deposited as before provided—that
is to say, previous to the presentation of a petition for the Bill. The
Act, which is :printed in the appendix to the standing orders,
namely, the Ist and 2d Vic., c. 117, enacts that every sum paid
Into the Bank of England in the name and with the privity-of the
Accountant-General,. shall be paid in and placed to his account
there pursuant to the method prescribed by the Act 1 George IV.,
c. 35, which Act simply provides that, when any persons are
ordered to pay any sums of money, or any Exchequer-bills,
bills of exchange, or other negotiable securities into the Bank
of England to the account of the Accountant-General, the party
so ordered shell pay the same into account in the name of that
officer, and shall take leceipt for the same from one of the cashiers,
" which receipt shall be delivered to the Accountant-General." It
is not the money or securities that must be delivered to the Ac-
countant-General, but simply the " receipt," and there can be no
legal obstacle, therefore, in the way of an arrangement between the
banks who hold the railway deposits and the Bank of England to
have the required amount at their credits in the books of the
Bank, so that when the Speaker's order is issued for paying the
deposits to the Aecbuntant-General, the amounts may be trans-
ferred from the credit of the banks to an account In the name of
that officer. Such railway companies as may have invested their
deposits in securities may make the arrangements with the Bank
of If.ngland themselves, and have the amount transferred to the
credit of the Accountant-General. It does not appear to be neces
sary that they should realise their securities, hut they may be
placed to their credit at the market price of the day, the depositors,
of course, making good the difference should the market price de-
cline, and receiving the benefit of a rise. Last year the Accoun-
tant-General insisted on being paid in " money," strictly so to
speak ; that is, in coin and notes, and would no doubt enforce the
same rule again, unless the deposit banks and provisional com-
mittees of railway companies take steps to arrange the business in a
more easy and convenient manner.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
SF,CONDARIES' COURT, Oct. 29.
(Before Mr. Secondary Parma.)
TURNER AND OTHERS V. THE EXECUTORS OF POORE.

IMPORTANT CASE OF BREACH OF COTENANT.—This was an
action to recover damages for breach of covenant. The damages
were laid at 2,000/.
Mr. KENNEDY (one of the Judges of the Sheriffs' Court, Middle-
sex), appeared far the plaintiff, and Mr. RYLAND for the de-
fendant.
Mr. KENNEDY said this was an action for the breach of several
covenants in a lease. The defendants having suffered judgment to
go by default, they admitted all the breaches, and the jury, there-
fore, had only to estimate the damages. The plaintiff§ were execu-
tors of a Mr. Turner, and the defendants executors of a Mr. James
Poole. Mr. Turner had, during his lifetime, leased to Mr. Poore
premises at Brixton, leading to Tulse.h7ll, for a term of twenty-
one years. The lease was made in September, 1841, and the
several breaches would show the general negligence. The cove.
nants were to paint the outside once every three years. At the
time the action was brought, that covenant had been broken,
although something had been done subsequently. The lessee
was bound to insure—he did not. There was a covenant
not to build, yet he had done so, and it was not
a question whether it was detrimental or ornamental, for
the covenant had been broken. There was a covenant not to
demise or assign without license, yet it had been assigned to a Mr.
Bedford, of whom he did net say, or wish to be understood as im-
puting, was an undesirable tenant; but a written notice had been
served on him to repair, but he had refused, and the premises were
sublet to a very objectionable person, inasmuch as they were allowed
to go on in waste and dilapidation. The very object of the cove.
nant was to bind the lessee, and it was clear that this covenant had
also been broken, and the covenant for payment of rent had been
broken, as Mr. Poore died in December', 1844, and a quarter's
rent had become due since that time. The premises consisted of a
house, garden, and about two acres of ground, inclosed with a fence,
and to this the attention of the jury would be more particuarly
directed, for besides the covenants for specific objects, there was
a general one to paint and repair when need should require, and
necessary for the occupation of a tenant at rack-rent : these were
ordinary covenants in a lease. The land In question had, 20
years ago, been an open field, and had been bought by Mr. Turner,
the testator, who inclosed the whole, making the whole of value,
and when he let it, the party taken was bound by all the cove-
nants, especially in re-letting, assigning which in this case he
could not do, however capricious the lessor might be in refusing to
grant a license to do so. The premises had been let at a low rent, in
consideration of the lessee being bound by the strict covenants.
Negotiations had been pending, but they were ineffectual, and the
case thus came before the jury.

Edsell, examined—Knew the premises five years before Mr.
Poore took them. Had worked in the adjoining premises, another
house and garden completing the frontage of the land, part of Mr.
Poore's field running down the lane behind. The fences were
very good in 1841. A bed-room had since been built over the
stable ; it could be seen from the road.
Cross-examiued—Believed there was a dispute as to who was
bound to repair. The fence was post and rails, and latticework.
Mr. Whitehead had the premises before Mr. Poore, and repaired
them.

Mr. Thomas Hudson, surveyor, had let the premises, and
thought 551. per year very cheap for it now, with the addition of
the bed-room and a water-closet.

Cross.examined—The fences require repair, but had not made
any professional calculation, and could not make a rough estimate
of what would be the amount reqqired to repair. Mr. Bedford was a
highly respectable man in the City of London. Witness only
wished he had twenty houses and Mr. Bedford would - take
them all.

Mr. Williamson, a surveyor—Did :not survey the house. The
fences appeared to have been neglected, part on the south side
(alongside the adjoining premises), and sheep-hurdles had been put
up ; all the defects appear to have existed for some years. To set
the fence in order it would take 411. 17s. 6d. The palisading
could not have been part of the original fence, but put up some
years after.

Richard Dove, baker, of Brixton, had seen great part of the
fence down for two years.
Mr. RYLIOCD said this was one of the most hasty and uncalled.
for actions which could have been brought, and never would
have been commenced, if Mr. Turner had not been an
attorney and executor, and could, therefore, have law at
trade price. It was clear that the question of fences
had been a debateable point even in the lifetime of
Mr. Poore, and, without that, there was not a tittle of evi.
dence as to any damage being sustained. It was true the pre-
mises had not been insured the first year, but the place was not
burnt down, and, if it had been, he would have been bound. It
might have led to a forfeiture of the lease, and so would the non-
payment of rent ; and if it was an action ofejectment, or to get rid
of a bad tenant, he could have understood such breaches being set
up, but Mr. Poore died in December, 1544, and no rent was due
till Lady-day, 1845, and the action was brought in April. A sum-
mons had been taken out before ajudge, and an offer made to pay
the rent, and Is. for the nominal damages, but it was refused by
the plaintiff, and the judge had no power to make the order. Yet
the damages had been laid at k.,000/. The question was, whether
any real damage had been sustained. Mr. Hudson thought the
building the bed-room over the stable an improvement. Half a
farthing would be sufficient damage on those counts. The house
had been put in repair, and Mr. Poore had laid out 2001. on it.
Mr. Berry, the defendant's attorney, proved the proceedings
before the judge.
Mr. Burgess, a builder, proved he built the additional room and
water-closet; they were entire improvements. His bill amounted
to 164/. 12s.

The SECONDARY considered that in an action of breach of
covenant, the defendant might show there had not been any damage.
Henry Arcent did work to the amount of 601. in 1842 to the
house and fences, and left them in tenantable repair. The disputed
part he would repair for 51., and make the whole serviceable for 251.
That would make it better than it was before, and he would be
well paid, The old fence was some oak, some deal, and some ma_
hogany--in fact, something of everything. —(Laughter.)

Accent, painter, did painter's work to the value of 131. in I
184

Sarduei CralYa did s;imilaT wut k iu 1843 to the amount t,t'.4l.
Air. John Pearce, bricklayer, did work to the amount of 941.
inside and out.

Mr. Richard Ray, clerk to the Sun Fire-office, proved the house
had been insured in April, 1842, and up to the present time, in the
sum of 5001.

Mr. Butler deposed to a conversation between Mr. Poore and Mr.
Hunter, who said he did not know to whom the fence belonged, but
would make inquiry,

Mr. KENNEDY replied, and said, after no plea had been put in,
it came with a bad grace from the defendants to say no damage
had been done, as they might have settled the action in a very
summary way by paying what they thought due into Court, and
the"p:aintiffs would have continued the action at their peril. It
was clear they could not accept one shilling nominal damages.
As far as the insurance went, they claimed no special daY. •,r,l
although they were entitled to 101. for work done after the .t. trm,
peeving that the house was out of repair, yet they would forego it
from a spirit of equity, as there was no substantial damage. They
would admit that a large sum had been expended, but that has
the conditions on which the lease was granted at a low rent.
The place, however, had not been painted within three years, and
by leaving it another year damage consequently ensued. He urged
that the evidence of the dispute as to who was bound to repair the
fence was very loose.

The SECONDARY said that was the main point. If there was
a real dispute defendant could not be charged with a breach of co-
venant. The dispute, however, appeared to be only as to part.
The jury must, at all events, give nominal damages on all the
counts.

The jury consulted for half an hour, and then said they were all
agreed but one. They were then locked up, and ultimately gave
a verdict fur 131. 15s. rent, and 201. for repair of the fences, and
nominal damages on the other counts.

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT.

OLD COURT.

The second edition of the calendar exhibits an increase of 24
prisoners, the majority of them being larceny cases.
(Before the LORD CIIIEF BARON and Mr. Justice COLERIDGE.)
Jean Deemer, a foreigner, was indicted for feloniously forging
and uttering a promissory note for the payment of 5,000 francs,
with intent to defraud Michael Scott and another.

Mr. DOANE said that the prisoner's trial had been, at the request
of the prosecutor, put off for the last four sessions, he alleging
that a material witness was absent in France. He understood
that his Learned Friend, Mr. Clarkson, was not now instructed to
prosecute, and under those circumstances he should crave a ♦er-
diet of acquittal.

Mr. CLARKSON said he had had no instructions on the subject.
The jury, by the instructions of the Lord Chief Baron, dis.
charged the prisoner.

George Wm. Reynolds was indicted for having moulds for the
purposes of coining, and counterfeit coins in his possessi*'n.
Mr. Ellis, with Mr. Bodkin , were for the prosecution, and Mr.
Payne for the defence.

The facts of the case as they appeared in evidence were these:—
In consequence of some information received, Sergeant Tickell of
the H division went to the prisoner's house in White Bear-gar-
dens, Kingsland-road. The door was opened by the prisoner.
Witness, on searching his pockets, found three counterfeit half-
crowns, and in a room up stairs he found fourteen base shillings,
moulds, plaister of Paris, metal, pipkins, and the other materials
for coining.

Corroborative evidence was produced.
Mr. PAYNE addressed the jury. He endeavoured to show that
the prisoner was not himself the coiner, the real culprit being a
lodger not in custody. The pressure of poverty had induced him
to assent to these practices, but further he was not guilty.
The LORD Cuter BARON summed up, and the jury returned a
verdict of Guilty, with a recommendation to mercy, as it was his
first offence.

Sentence—lmprisonment for twelve months, with hard labour.
Wiliam Bassett was indicted for feloniously cutting and wounding
Thomas Barrett.

Mr. Doane appeared to prosecute, and Mr. Clarkson was en
gaged for the defence.

It appeared that, on the 7th October, the prisoner, a wharfinger
on Uxbridge-moor, came up to the prosecutor's fence, and said,
" Nobby .garrCct, I've got a knife for you—l'll cut your throat."
He then struck a blow upon the prosecutor's face with some instru-
ment, ';..nd inflicted a severe wound upon his brow and nose. The
ble-od flowed from it, and he was some time after under the sur-
geon's hands.
The prosecutor's wife, and the chemist who dressed the wound,
were examined in corroboration.

Mr. CtsitKsoN for the defence, described the whole as a drunken
squabble, and contended that the charge of felony must fall to the
ground.

Mr. Jnstice COLERIDOR summed up, and

The jury found the prisoner Guilty of the 'common assault.

The prisoner was sentenced to two months' imprisonment, with
hard labour.

NEW COURT.
(Before the COMMON SERGELNT.)

Matilda Palmer was accused and convicted of taking a diamond,
a ruby, and some money, off the person of Thomas Gardiner. The
prisoner accosted Gardiner in Old Kent-road, and put her arms
about his middle. Witness felt her hand in his pocket, and seized
her as she was about to make off, when she left her shawl in his
bands.—Sentenced to nine months' imprisonment and hard labour.

Elizabeth Riches, charged with stealing a purse and some money
from James Sarsfield, pleaded Not Guilty.
Sarsfield was proceeding along Whitechapel, and was accosted by
the prisoner, who requested him to walk home with her. She put
her arms about his middle and parted from 'him soon after. A
policeman saw them together, and, a short distance from the spot
where the woman parted, met Sarsfield, with his pockets turned
inside out. Sarsfield, who till then suspected nothing of it, found
he had lost his purse and money. Policeman went after the pri-
soner, and found the purse produced, which, as to money, and ap_
pearance, answers the prosecutor's description.
The prisoner, without counsel, subjected both witnesses to a
searching cross-examination. She is a widow, and appeared in
Court with a suckling child. She had been convicted of a former
offence, and was now: sentenced to ten years' transportation.

John Rowe, Henry Taylor, and Jason Jonathan Bowe, were
brought up, charged with stealing eight bags of charcoal and eight
bags of charcoal dust, value 11. 75., the property of Messrs. Nyren
and Pritchard, manufacturing chemists.
Mr. G. Barry—ls a clerk in prosecutor's office. Saw the two
Rawer, father and son, come into the yard with a cart ; Taylor
followed soon after. John Rowe came afterwards to the office for
a note of delivery for eleven bags of charcoal, and four bags of
charcoal dust, and paid 1/. I 1 s. Bd., the value of the quantity
stated. Mr. Nyren remarked to me, as the cart passed out loaded
on the unusually large appearance of the load. It is a rule in
our yard, that no:charcoal or dust shall be brought into the yard by
any wishing to purchase charcoal. The cart was not examined
till it had gone as far as the White Horse on the London-road,
about a quarter of a mile from the yard. There might be twenty
or thirty men in the yard at the time the cart was loading.
Murphy is the man who delivers the charcoal. The note of de.
livery i's usually given after the cart is loaded, and Murphy of course
is bound to allow no more to leave the yard than the quantity
mentioned.

Mr. Nyren and his partner are manufacturing chemists. No-
ticed the cart, and suspected, from the appearance, there must be
a greater quantity than that on the delivery note, fifteen bags.
Remarked this to the clerk. The cart was then passing out at the
gate. He immediately passed out of the office and followed the
cart near to Bow-bridge. Never lost sight of it except in turning
street corners. Saw the cart after this at the White Horse, where
he had it stopped, and brought back to the yard in the keeping of
two constables. Came back to the yard for the constables. There
was no difference in the appearance of the cart, as he saw it go out,
when it came again into the yard.
Timothy Drew—ls a police constable. Took John Rowe into
custody. Smith, the parish constable, took Taylor into custody,
and also brought the cart along to the chemist's yard. Examined
the cart in the yard, and counted 19 bags of charcoal. The dust
was in the body of the cart loose; both were measured, and turned
out 19 bags of charcoal and 9i bags of dust.
Murphy (who was at first committed as in the offence,) knows
the prisoners. All the three were in the habit of coining often to
the yard together. On the 17th September they came with a cart.
The two Rower loaded the cart. Taylor was present. Young
Rowe went for the note of delivery. I saw the note; it was for
15 bags. Ido not know how there were mare bags on the cart.
There roust have been more. I mean by them father and son.
Taylor helped me to fill the bags. When they came into thq
yard the father said he wished 10 or 12 bags of coal—the son five
or six bags of dust. The father gave me 2s. for more measure.
The son, when he returned from the office, gave me 4s. for the
the same purpose. I measured 12 bags of coal and six of dust. I

measured it when brought back again, and found 19 bags of coal
and 9i bags of dust.
the jury found the prisoners Guilty.—Sentence deferred till
Saturday.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
BO W-ST BEET.

A young man of fashionable appearance, named Richard Mar-
tin, was brought before Mr. Twyford for re-examination, charged
with forging and uttering a cheque for 121. 125., with intent
to defraud Mr. James Taylor, a hosier, carrying on business
at 13, Cornhill, and also with swindling several tradesmen of
their goods.
Mr. Edward Lewis attended for the prisoner.

It appeared that on the Sth of September the prisoner entered
the prosecutor's shop for the ostensible purpose of purchasing
goods, and having selected a quantity of scarfs and other articles,
he directed them to be sent to his lodgings, at 36, Craven-street,
Strand, which was accordingly done the same evening, with the
understanding that they should be paid for on delivery, and on the
return of the shopman he brought back the cheque, which subse-
quently turned out to be a forgery.

Joseph Pamplin, an assistant in the service of the pro.
'secutor, said that he was deputed to take home the goods,
and upon seeing the prisoner he desired him to step in and
untie the goods, which he did. The prisoner having looked
over them, expressed surprise that the entire of the articles
had not been sent, and on being told the amount, he wrote a cheque,
saying that he would require other goods of the same description.
Witness repeatedly told him that he had directions not to leave
the goals unless he got the money for them; but he was prevailed
upon by the prisoner, who said that he wanted them for immediate
use, and accepted the cheque, which he brought home to his master.

Mr. Charles Hollyer, cashier in the bank of Sir Wm. P. Call,
of Old Bond-street, proved that he did not know the prisoner, and
no such person kept an account at his employer's house.
Henry Tate, 136, G division, said that after meeting with much
resi.itance from the prisoner, he apprehended him on the 22d in.
stant, in Charles-street, Lowndes.square, and on telling him that
he was charged with forgery, and also with obtaining, from several
tradesmen, goods under false pretences, he said that the charge of
forgery against him was wrong, but " what I have done I am ready
to acknowledge ; with respect to Taylor's cheque, it will be settled."
He was then conveyed to the station, and several pawnbrokers'
duplicates were found upon him.
Mr. Lewis submitted that no case of forgery or fraud had been
made out against his client, for he had not forged any person's
name, and, admitting that he had no account at the bank, it was
clear, from the statement of the prosecutor, that the prisoner had
selected goods at his shop for which he agreed to accept a cheque,
which put an end to the transaction, as the shopman represented
his master in accepting of such an instrument.

Mr. TWYFORD said that such observations might have effect be-
fore a jury. He should commit the prisoner for trial.
A bootmaker, carrying on business in Oxford-street, said that
In the month of June last the prisoner called upon him, and
having tried on a pair of dress boots, he desired that a person
should be sent after him to his chambers in the Albany, and bring
some French polish with him, which was accordingly done; but
on making his appearance he told the messenger he should wait,
as his servant was then out of the way. The messenger waited
outside, such a length of time that the porter inquired what his
business might be, and on relating the nature of his business, he
told him that he was " done," and that the prisoner had a faci-
lity of getting away by a private passage, which he showed him,
and which subsequently turned out to be the case.

Mr TWVWORD observed, as other charges might be brought for-
ward, he would have the prisoner remanded for a week.
The constable said that there were about twenty tradesmen in
attendance, who were prepared to prove that they had been swin-
dled by the prisoner in a similar manner.

A hootmaker and a hairdresser, from the Burlington Arcade,
said that they had sent home goods to the prisoner's chambers, in
Chelsea, for which they never received the amount, and upon
making inquiry for Mr. Pembroke, their customer, they discovered
that he had fled.

It was stated that the prisoner had been in the service of Ler&
Saye and Sele, when he occupied chambers in the Albany. He was
ordered to be remanded.

To use inferior hay, cut all the hay and straw to-
gether; then form a gruel of offal grain and linseed cake; steep
the grain and cake for rorty-eight hours ; mix it hot, press it
down and leave it forty-eight hours• The cattle eat it eagerly and
thrive on it.