The Sun.
London, England, 1844-09-12 00:00:00

'l4*. toning L:.,itlt

LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1844.

The accounts from China, brought by her MA-
JESTY'S steamer Driver to Bombay, and incorporated
in an article in the Bombay Times of the 19th of
July, received by the last Overland Mail, contain
some passages of an important, and, as we think, a
most unpleasant character. We subjoin an extract :
"The visit of the French frigate Alcmene to Chusan
and Shanghae had occasioned much excitement amongst
the Chinese along the coast, so that it was considered
eminently desirable that a strong naval force should be
kept in the north for the protection of British life and
property against the outbreaks of the mob. The Ame-
rican and French men-of-war Brandywine, St. Louis.
Cleopatra, and Alcmene, had arrived almost simulta-
neouslp in the Chinese waters. It is in no spirit of jealous
exclusiveness that we entertain the most serious appre-
lensions of disturbance arising from the presence of
foreigners whose conduct towards men of different man-
ners from themselves has always been petulant, irri-
tating, and overbearing. What business the French
have in risking the peace of their neighbours by scatter-
ing their ships over the world for the gratification of
national vanity, we cannot discover. We will venture to
affirm that the gross value of their entire trade within
the tropics would not pay by half the maintenance of tin
men-of-war dodging about in the torrid zone on pre-
tence of protecting it."

The same writer remarks that he had thought the
matter (the presence and :interference of other Eu-
ropean vessels besides the English ones at the ports
newly conceded to the resort of English commerce)
"had been settled, by the provisions of the supple-
mentary treaty," that nothing can be more calcu-
lated to produce " embroilment and turmoil" than
French and American interference with a people of
whom they know nothing, whose prejudices they can
neither appreciate nor respect, and whom they even
exceed in vainglorious boasting ;—that at Canton, the
excitement of the mob, and their aversion for fo-
reigners, had again broken out in acts of violence,
'which were exasperated by the accidental elevation
of an arrow as the weather index-point on the top of
a flagstaff before the residence of the United States
Consul ;—that whilst under the direction of that '
gentleman a party of sailors were hauling down this
obnoxious index, a part of the mob had precipitated
themselveshi into the square, and threatened mischief
appears, however, to have been averted. It is
fltch:ler stated, in a letter from Hong-Kong of the
19th of July, that a native mob had not only broken
into the square of the American Factory, but had
actually endeavoured to pull down the American
standard; that they were successfully resisted; but
that a Chinese, an innocent
be
ent and unconcerned shop-
keeper, who happened looking on at the time,
was unfortunately shot, and that, at ten at night, the
Chinese soldiers entered the square, and cleared it;
that the populace remained, however, very violent;
,h
"And Canton was placarded with threatening
notices
-that the factories would be attacked and
Chinese authorities appear to have no power whatever
over the mob, and it seems to be thought, that unlessr
some strong and decided mea,ures are taken by us thert
will be no safety for either life or property at Canton."
In all this there is much food for reflection—possi.
Hy some ground for apprehension. "With regard to
the visits of the Alcmene and the other French ships
of war to Chusan and Shanghae, we remarked, at the
time their sailing was ostentatiously announced b.)
the organs of the French Government, that we
thought their destination had been projected in the
Worst possible taste. The over-eager avidity with
which the opportunity was seized for a flimsily-
concealed design of creeping along in the wake of
our victorious cruizers, to reap any possible advan-
tage which the peaceful and honourable close of our
operations might have left open to the designs of
others who had no sort of share in the previous fight-
ing, hardships, and sacrifices, by dint of which we
]had
consummated the settlement of our existing relations
with China —will be well remembered by our readers,
They will fully participate in the deprecations of the
rrriier in the Bombay
3. We are not aware,

however, of any authority or right which we pos-
sessed, had the French previously, even, enacted the
tragi-comic burletta of their descent upon Otaheite,
to question the " business of the latter," whilst we
were negotiating the Pottinger Treaty, " in risking
the peace of their neighbours," by playing off their
squadrons in the waters of China, or elsewhere, " for
the gratification of national vanity." If, without any
trade to defray the cost of such extravagant follies
they will perpetrate them in those distant seas, they
must pay the penalty of a favourite caprice—as private
individuals do—by standing the brunt of dispropor-
tionate charges. But how far their mode of indulging
this caprice may put in jeopardy the security of life
and property with our own subjects, resident within the
same regions, is a matter for our legitimate considera-
tion, and abundant justification for any precautionary
measures which the depositories of British authority
there may think fit, in the exercise of their official
responsibility, to adopt. We are, therefore, fully
alive to all the dangers that may accrue from unfortu-
nate collisions between the native Chinese, and the
crews of American and French, or other European
ships. Perhaps it is to be regretted that the Pottin-
ger Treaty conta'ned no effectual stipulations against
the admission of other flags into the stipulated Chinese
ports, except on terms less favourable than those which
we had won for ourselves; but it is not certain that such
stipulations could have been, under the circumstances,
insisted on by our Plenipotentiary ; or that, if granted
to his demands and representations, they would have
been ratified by our Government at home. The case
of American interests in China, and the manner in
which any mal-administration of them, or any dis-
sensions between subjects of the United States and
those of the Celestial Empire, might compromise the
rights and privileges, the property and security of
British subjects, living within the EMPEROR'S domi-
nions—presents additional features of difficulty, and
will demand more circumspection in the dealing with,
than even the possible objects or results of the French
quadron off the Chinese coasts. These additional
features consist in the long establishment of the United
States Factory, and the extent and variety of the
trade carried on by American speculators with the
Chinese at Canton ;—in the identity of their lan-
guage and manners with our own ; and even in the
similarity of their costume with our's, this last ele-
ment of resemblance being far from an insignificant
one in the eyes of an Asiatic people. How are they
to distinguish between the subjects of a flag with
stripes and those of a fl?g with crosses, in the confu-
sion and resentment of a popular melee ? And yet,
on the fact and correctness of this distinction, may be
hazarded the valuable lives of English residents and
their families in China—the security of their property
—or the inviolability of their personal liberty in those
ports where we may not have at hand a sufficient
protective force.

We are glad to find that at Canton, after the affair
of the weathercock, which we have above alluded to
(and where, probably, it may turn out that the un-
designed offence committed by the American Consul
was the adoption of a figure hostile and defying in
the eyes of a semi-barbarous and Tartar-governed
people, namely, an arrow), a very proper step was
taken by the resident foreign gentry (English, Ame-
rican, &c.) They issued a placard, strongly incul-
cating the maintenance of a good feeling to, and
a good understanding with, the natives. Of course
our accredited authorities on the spot must be the
best and most competent judges of the course to be
taken under such emergencies as have so recently
happened, and may so soon again break out. But we
may, without presumption, express a hope that it will
be a standing principle, for the future, in their admi-
nistrative and executive proceedings, sedulously to
keep up in every Government act, proclamation, order,
police regulation, &c., &c., a clear and explicit
distinction—an exclusive identification —of English
rights, interests, and responsibilities also, as contra-
distinguished from those of every other foreign na-
tion, having established relations in the Chinese ter-
ritory. The Chinese themselves will be the first to
recognise the propriety of these distinctive arrange-
ments ; and their natural good sense, as well as their
respect for tranquillity and order, and their disci-
plined observance of them, will make them not
merely willing observers of, but active auxiliaries in,
enforcing arrangements which, whilst they will pro-
tect the peaceful foreigner, conforming to the requi-
sitions of those who represent his own Government,
and to the laws of the empire wherein they are esta-
blished, will not afford the dangerous shelter of diffi-
culty and confusion in identifying offenders against
those laws, to any parties under English jurisdiction.

The proposal for making free public parks and

walks in the neighbourhood of Manchester and Sal-
ford for the recreation of the labouring classes, is fast
increasing in favour with people of all ranks in that
populous district. The manufacturers, in particular,
who have been so often accused by the monopolists
of indifference towards the comforts of the operatives
in their employ, are taking up the matter with great
zeal, and have already handed in subscriptions to a
considerable amount—the surest guarantees for their
sincerity in the cause. Sir ROBERT PERL, too—who
owes so many obligations to the industry of the
Manchester working-classes, of which to his credit be
it said, he is not unmindful—has contributed the mu-

nificent sum of one thousand pounds ; so that the
scheme thus fairly set a going and under
the most fortunate auspices--for the Premier's
approbation is " a tower of strength"—will
not henceforth be allowed to slumber, but
within a short space of time will be successfully
accomplished. We must confess, notwithstanding its
obvious simplicity, which :we fear will not recom-
mend it to those who maintain crotchety theories on
the subject of the improvement of the humbler orders

of society, and who are apt to turn with philosophic
contempt from all plans but such as are abstruse and
impracticable—notwithstanding, we say, the obvious
Simplicity of this scheme of public paths and walks,

we entertain the most sanguine anticipations as to its

results, and are confidently of opinion that it will do
more to raise and refine the character of the opera-
tive classes than all the churches and con-
venticles that could be erected, were one to be
built in every street and square and alley of
Manchester. Health has more to do with

religion and morality than may be imagined
when the body is in a sound state from the combined
operation of daily fresh air and exercise, it imparts
its genial, bracing tone to the mind, which is conse-
quently full of cheerful thoughts, and grateful emo-
tions—the soil most favourable to the growth of
virtue ; but when, on the contrary, the body is en-
feebled by the pressure of disease arising from in-
ability to get a mouthful of pure air, the mind,
almost of necessity, takes the same sickly tone, and
becomes jaundiced, splenetic, and a prey to feelings
and reflections of the most injurious tendency. To
make the operative classes happy and contented with

their lot, we must give them health ; and to give them
health, we must furnish them with the means
of daily enjoying a country walk, and ex-
changing the stifling atmosphere of the fac-
tory for the fresh, invigorating winds of
Heaven. The establishment of public parks will
place these inestimable blessings within their reach.
Hence there is no question of the day in which the
statesman, the patriot, and the philanthropist are
bound to take a deeper interest. Bat not only will
this scheme be attended with the most favourable
results as regards the health of the working commu-
nity, but it will be still further beneficial, inasmuch
as it will tend to bring all classes of society in Man-
chester and its neighbourhood much more in contact
with each other than they have yet been. In the
coarse of his evening walks in the park,
when the day's toil is at an end, it will frequently
happen that the operative will meet his employer;
and gradually, as each sees more of the other, the
hauteur of the one and the distrust of the other
will abate, and feelings of mutual respect will grow
is t o both.
and It up between them, productive of the happiest conse-
( ceisthedissteinpcatractliaosnses—of rich csehpaarna.d
poor,nen ofhigh low into
tion which was unknown in England before the Re-
volutiou of 1688—that has done so much mischief to
society, and rendered popular legislation a task of
such difficulty ; and we gladly hail, therefore, as an
improved sign of the times, every attempt that
.s made to throw down this absurd wall of
lernarcation, and bring the different orders and
degrees of people, who go to make up our com-
plicated social system, freely and fairly face
co face with each other. It is by no means a matter
of course that the poor man should distrust the rich
man, and the latter regard the former 45 his inevit-

able enemy. It is the odious, paltry system of Exclu-
siveness, which for the best part of a century has
been yearly on the increase among us, that has
brought about this injurious state of things; and
never will it be well with England till rank and
wealth have learned to abate something of their pride
and assumption, and to recognise the social claims of
humanity, no matter whether it be clad in a smock-
frock or a fustian jacket, and call itself an operative
or a labourer.

Madrid journals, of the 4th inst , announce that
the differences between Spain and Morocco have been
adjusted. The conditions, according to the Heraldo,
are as follow :—" The Arab who caused the Spanish
Vice-Consul to be assassinated is to be severely
punished. Our Government will receive indemnities
for all the acts of piracy which have been committed
on Spanish vessels. Two leagues of territory are to
bo granted to Spain beyond the lines of Ceuta. The
Spanish flag shall be saluted by the Morocco cannon."
It is thought that the Government will not heaitate to
ratify this arrangement, which will appear imme-
diately in the Gazette. The troops which were as-
sembled to form part of the Morocco expedition are
already ordered to march back into the interior.
This conclusion of our differences with the Emperor
of Morocco is generally attributed to the good
offices and intervention of Mr. BuLw]sa.
The elections in the twelve districts of Madrid
continued favourable to the Government candidates,
among whom are MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA, ALCALA
GALIANO, the Duke DE CASTRO TERRENO, the Mar-
quis DE MIRAFLORES, &c. The leaders of the Pro-
gresista party had given up the contest in despair :
so it is extremely probable that NAEVAEZ will have a
Parliament sufficiently pliable to register any act,
however unconstitutional. He and his colleagues, of
course, will obtain an indemnity for all their illegal
deeds since the abrupt dissolution of the last Cortes.
The Three per Cents. were done at 271 at sixty
days; the Floating Debt at 61 at sixty days ; and the
Coupons at 251 at sixty days.

The Prince DE JOIN VILLE has forwarded another long
dispatch to Admiral MACKAU, the Minister of Marine,
giving numerous details of the attacks on Tangiers and
.\ logadore. The publication of this document, so long
after the bombardment, has taken the good people of
Paris by surprise. Some believe that it is the first
dispatch with emendations and additions, others that
it has been drawn up by authority to put to shame
those jealous Englishmen who would allow the French
no merit in silencing the forts of Tangiers. For our-
selves, we see nothing new or extraordinary in the
details, but are nevertheless glad that they afford
great satisfaction to the French.

" The French cannon," says the Constitutionnel,
" which have battered down the walls of Mogadore,
has at the same time silenced the insolent remarks of
the English press on our action at Tangiers. The
affairs of Mogadore and lily are the peremptory
reply of our seamen and soldiers to their unworthy
calumniators. Unfortunately we have not similar
answers to return when the English compare with
pride the all-powerful action of their Parliament

to the limited action of our Chambers, and the con-
stitutional independence of their Ministers to that of
ours, who are always as it were in leading strings.
When the English tell this to us, a country of repre-
sentative institutions, a country which consequently
ought to have the will and the means to make use of
its own physical energy in its government, it must
be acknowledged that such language is humiliating
in the highest degree to a free people."
The National thus accounts for the publication of
the dispatch, taking care, of course, to show bad feel-
ing towards England and M. GUIZOT :—" The dis-
patches just published from the Prince DB JOINVILLE,
although they give us nothing new, are yet a com-
plete, though tardy, reply to the insolent and stupid
letters of the officers of the Warspite. Our sailors
had been amply revenged by the contempt with which
these calumnies had been received in France. They
nevertheless met with a kind of support in the silence
observed by the Government on the first operations
of the fleet. It would appear that his report con-
tained some political remarks which were not favour-
able to England, and a fresh report has been ob-
tained, which might be published without giving
offence to the particular friends of M. GUIZOT. This
report again mentions that the Prince had been for-
bidden to take possession of Tangiers, and this pro-
hibition extended also to the other places on the
coast. What the result of this line of policy will be
time will show."

The Revue de Paris, which, from the precision
with which it gives sayings and doings in the British
Cabinet, would make the world believe that it has a
reporter standing behind the President's chair, gives
the following as matters of fact :
" We have received curious details respecting the de-
liberation of the English Ministers, in consequence of
which the arrangement of the Otaheite affair was con-
cluded. It appears that the question of war was first put
and debated, and that the discussion left in the minds of
the majority of the Ministers a conviction that it was
impossible for England, at the present moment, to go to
war. This impossibility being acknowledged, the mem-
bers of the Cabinet agreed as to the interest which Eng-
lish policy had in the maintenance of M. Guizot's Mi-
nistry. That consideration contributed in making it
accept the terms proposed by the Minister of Foreign
Affairs. It is said that the Queen interfered actively
with regard to her Ministers, in order to give a pacific
solution to the quarrel. Commodore Toup Nicolas, and
the commander of the French forces in the South Seas,
are the arbitrators of the indemnity to be accorded by
M. Guizot to the missionary Pritchard. The English
Ministry make this indemnity an important portion of
the arrangement. It reckons upon this condition to jus-
tify to the Parliament the assurance given by Sir Robert
Peel, that the honour of England would be taken care of.
He sees, and with reason, in this indemnity, a recognition
of the injustice done to Mr. Pritchard."
We subjoin some miscellaneous extsacts from the
Continental papers.
The Cologne Gazette contains a letter from Pres-
burg, of the 31st ult., which gives some details of a
sitting of the Chamber of the Magnates of Hungary.
It says :

" The sitting of the Magnates of the 28th was exceed-
ingly important. It turned on the reform demanded by
the free cities and supported by the Chamber of the
States. The latter body insisted on the reform which
the upper Chamber opposed, strongly denying the right
of the other Chamber to use such language as they em-
ployed with respect to them. Count J. de Palffy, the
head of the Opposition, maintained that the Magnates
had no right to interfere, and impede the progress of the
democratic feeling, denying also that a set of men, igno-
rant, in debt, and servile, could be reckoned a real aris-
tocracy. Count Teleky went still farther, and moved
that the Upper Chamber should be abolished altogether,
as being animated with sentiments hostile to the nation
and the Constitution. On this, a great uproar arose, and
the Palatine who filled the President's chair endea-
voured to obtain silence, but ineffectually. Count Otto
Zichy even reproached the Conservative party with the
troubles which had recently taken place in Bohemia. In
the end, the propositions of the States were rejected."
A letter from Hamburgh, in the Journal de Franc-
fort, says :
" A fortune of a million and a half sterling has jug
been inherited by a poor workman of Altona, in the
employ of MM. Baur. The Governor of Demerara
lately wrote to Lord Stanley,i mentioning that an indi-
vidual had just died in the colony who had, in 1790, left
in the bank of Altona a capital which would now amount
to a million and a half, and that his son lived in that
city, and was entitled to the whole amount. Colonel
Hodges, the English Charg6 d'Affairs, was directed to
examine into the matter, and the result is, that the son
of the deceased being dead, the brother of the former is
considered the heir. He has chosen an able lawyer to
act for him, expressing his intention to continue in his
position of a workman until this colossal fortune shall be
handed over to him."

The Observateur Suisse states that the Prince DR
METTBRNICH has very recently declared the deter-
mination of his Government to see the independence
of Switzerland established on a firm basis, and to
recognise no distinction of parties.
We give the following from Ancona, 28th ult., in
the Augsburg Gazette :

" Three weeks ago a cutter, which left Malta under
the Greek flag, and which sailed in the direction of
Corfu, had on board some persons who are suspected of
ha vino kept up relations with the committee of the party
called Young Italy in London. we now learn that these
incorrigible enemies of the public peace are preparing
for a new expedition against the Roman States. Salva-
tore Feta, who is charged with the execution of this pro-
ject, was on board the cutter. He has for his mission to
receive into pay some Albanian brigands on the coast of
Gr9ece, and to attempt with them a landing on some
favourable point. It is stated, from Calabria, that a
captain, who was in the Neapolitan service, is endea-
vouring to get up a revolt. The authorities, notwith-
standing their vigilance and activity, have not been able
to arrest him. There reigns in the Romagna, and par-
ticularly at Forti and Imola, a certain degree of agita-
tion, but the naass of the population is perfectly tran-
quil. They know well what they have to expect from
the malcontents ; they are aware to what the anarchical
and fanatical spirit of these misled men might conduct
them. Considerable sums of money have been lately
sent from Marseilles to Corfu and Calabria, for the
agents of the committee of Young Italy at London."
The same journal contains a letter from Naples,