The Sun.
London, England, 1845-03-21 00:00:00

THE NINTH EDITION,

Just Published, in a sealed envelope, price 2s. 6d., and sent free, on
receipt of a Post-office Order for 3s. 6d.
MANLY HEALTH : a Popular Inquiry into the
Concealed Cause of its Premature Decline, with Instruc-
tions for its Complete Restoration. Addressed to those suffering from
the destructive consequences of excessive indulgence, terminating in
Mental and Nervous Debility, Local or Constitutional Weakness, In-
digestion, and Consumption. Including a comprehensive Dissertation
on MARRIAGE. Illustrated with Cases, &c. By C. J. LUCAS
and Co., Consulting Surgeons, London.
May be had of the Authors, No. 60, Newman-street, Oxford-street;
and sold by Brittain, 11, Paternoster-row ; Hannay and Co., 63,
Oxford-street ; Noble, 109, Chancery-lane ;J. Gordon, 146, Leaden-
hall-street ; G. Mansell, 3, King-street, Southwark ; C. Westerton, 15,
Park-side, Knightsbridge; Huett, 37, Princes-street, Leicester-
square, London ; T. Sowler, Courier-office, 4, St. Ann's-square, Man-
chester; W. Howell, 75, Dale-street, Liverpool; W. Wood, 78, High-
street, Birmingham ; W. and H. Robinson, 11, Greenside-street, Edin-
burgh ; T. Price, Dame-street, Dublin ; and all Booksellers.
" The best of all friends is the professional friend ; and in no shape
can he be consulted with greater safety and secresy than in ' Lucas
on Manly Health' The author shows how ' Manly Vigour,' tem-
' porarlly impaired, can be restored." The New Bell's Weekly
Messenger.
Messrs. Lucas and Co. are to be consulted from Ten till Two, and
from Five till Eight in the evening, at their residence, No. 60, New-
man-street, OxforA-street, London, and country patients may be
successfully treated, on minutely describing their case, and enclosing
the usual fee of U. for advice.

LAMERT ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, AND ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c.
" He, who in pleasure's downy arms
Ne'er lost his health or youthful charms,
A hero lives, and justly can
Exclaim, in me behold a man 1"
Just published (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price 2e. 6d., or
sent by post, free, to any address, 3s. 6d.,
QEI4F-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on
those concealed disorders, originating in youthful excesses,
and terminating in Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, and all those Sinkings, Anxieties, and Tremors, which
afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for their
perfect Restoration.
By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon,
9, BEDFORD-STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate •f
Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c.
" The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent privileges of mankind, are frequently marred and prevented
through the follies and frailties of arly indiscretions. To such, among
others, this Essay addresses itself; and by its perusal many questions
may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even to the
most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette.
"Long experience in the treatment of a class of diseases hitherto
neglected and most imperfectly understood by the great bulk of the
medical profession, has enabled the writer to prove that there are
concealed causes of Nervous Debility in existence, where the mere
routine practitioner would never dream of finding them ; traceable
to certain habits, forming Wie most secret, yet deadly, and fatal
springs of domestic misery, and premature mortality."—Wakefield
Journal.
Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
52, Paternoster-row; Starie, 23, Tichborne-street, Quadrant, Regent-
street; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; Noble, 114, Chancery-
lane ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; and by all Booksellers.
At home every day till Three, and from Five till Eight.

FOURTEENTII EDITION of the SILENT FRIEND on Human
Frailty, with Coloured Engravings.
Just published, price 25. 6d., free by post (in a sealed envelope) 3s. 6d.,
THE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical Work on
the Infirmities of the Generative System in both sexes ; and
on the loss of the reproductive powers, with means of restoration.
The baneful effects of solitary indulgence, neglected syphilis symp-
toms, &c., are fldiy pointed out. Illustrated by Engravings ; followed
by observations on Marriage, with plain directions for the removal of
certain disqualifications. By R. and L. PERRY and Co., Consult ng
Surgeons, London. Published by the Authors, and may be ad at
their residence, 19, BERNERS-STREET, OXFORD-STREET.
Sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Hammy and Co., 63, Ox-
ford-street ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; Purkiss, Compton-
street, Soho; and all Booksellers.
" We regard the work before us, the ' Silent Friend,' as a work
embracing most clear and practical views of a series of complaints
hitherto little understood, and passed over by a majority of the me-
dical profession, for what reason we are at a loss to know. We must
however confess that a perusal of this work kas left such a favourable
impression en our minds, that we not only recommend, but cordially
wish every one who is the victim of past folly, or suffering from indis-
cretion, to profit by the advice contained in its pages."—Age and Argus.
The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUM is exclusively directed to
the cure of nervous and sexual debility, irregularity, weakness, loss
of appetite, indigestion, consumptive habits, and debilities arising from
excess, &c. In bottles, price I Is., or the quantity of four in one
bottle for 335., by which I ls. are saved. The five-pound cases may
be had as usnal.
The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE, an anti-syphi-
litic remedy for searching out and purifying the blood from scurvy,
blotches en the head, face, and body, ulcerations, and those paixtlil
affections arising from improper treatment or the effects of mercury,
removing secondary symptoms, and all eruptions of the skin. Price
1 is. and 335. per bottle.
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS, price 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d.,
and I Le. per box, are the most effectual remedy for strictures, inflam-
mation, irritation of the bladder, &c., without hindrance to business.
Consultation fee, if by letter. It. Minute detail of cases necessary.
Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance, for consultation, at their re-
ridence, 19, Berners-street, Oxn,rd,treet, London, from 11 till 2, and
5 till 8. On Sundays from 10 till 12. One personal visit Is only ne-
cessary to effect a permanent cure.

rilliE LONDON MARBLE AND STONE
1. womux Gr COMPANY, Esher-street, Holywell-street, Milbank,
Westminster (established 1821), are enabled, with their PATENT
MACHINEitY, to execute Chimney Pieces, Monuments, Tablets,
Slabs for Furniture, and every description of such Work, with an
accuracy, rapidity of execution, beauty and durability of Polish, and
reduction of cost, which cannot be obtained elsewhere.
The Public are invited to inspect their extensive SHOW-ROOMS,
containing the largest stock in this country.
The Trade supplied with every description of Rough Slab Blocks,
cr Scantlings; or Blocks sent to the Works cut to order.
Please to be accurate in copying the Address, to prevent imposi-
tion, the Company having no connexion with any other Establish-
ment but that in Esher-street.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASUR-
AWCE SOCIETY,
26, CORNHILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has
enabled the Directors, at the last animal investigation to declare a
second Bonus, averaging 60 per cent. on the amounts invested en each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.
EXAMPLES.

I fre "2 pp.
! gr....
P Premium .gi Banns Bemis in na g h:t
• n added. Cash. i• . C g 0,40
• , -:(.1 '3 g
, ---- ----------
X £ 5. d. (.4 s. d. 4 s. d. X s. d. X s. ds
1837 170 9 3 77 5 1 12 3 9 346 2 8
60,1000 74 3 4 1838 144 2 2 64 5 6 9 16 4 296 13 4
1 1839 116 16 0 51 511 711 9 247 4 3

The division of profits is annual, aid the seat will be made in De-
cember of `he present year.
This institution offers many important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
The assured has, on all occasions, the power to bornw, without ex-
pense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds ef the premium paid,
(see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
ef his interests to meet ether convenicaices or necessity. Assurances
for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUI. See.

lAONDON, EDINBURGH, AND DUBLIN
LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY.
3, Charlotte-row, Mansion-house, and 18, Chancery-lane, London.
DIRECTORS.
KENNETT KINGSFORD, Esq., Chairman.
BENJAMIN IFILL, Esq., Deputy-Chairman.
Alexander Anderson, Esq. James Hartley, Esq.
John Atkins, Esq. John 31`Guffie, Esq.
James Bidd4n, Esq. John Maclean Lee, Esq.
Captain F. Brandreth J. Marmaduke Rosseter, Esq.
AUDITORS—H. H. Carman, Esq. ; Robert E. Alison, Esq.
MEDICAL ADVlSER—Marshall Hall, M.D., F.R.S , L. and E.
SECRETARY—John Emerson, Esq.
SOLICITORS—Messrs. Palmer, France, and Palmer.
THIS IS THE ONLY COMPANY who are bound by their Deed
of Constitution not to dispute any policy unless they can prove that
it was obtained by fraud, and for this purpose the Company have, by
a clause in their Deed of Constitution, unhesitatingly deprived them-
selves of the power of objecting to any policy unless they undertake to
prove that it was obtained from them by fraudulent misrepresektation.
THIS IS THE ONLY COMPANY who give to the assureMbn the
mutual principle the whole of the mutual accumulations, and also
guarantee the sums assured.
THIS IS THE ONLY COMPANY who bind themselves to pay
the full amount of the policies, although the debts for which they
were effected shall have been liquidated before the claim arise.
THIS IS ALMOST THE ONLY COMPANY who grant in favour
of creditors whole world policies, whereby the debt is secured al-
though the debtor should go beyond the limits of Europe.
BY THE HALF PREMIUM PLAN ONLY one-half of the flsrt
seven years' premium is required, the other half being payable at the
convenience of the assured, thus allowing a policy to be continued
for seven years, at one-half of the usual rate, or to be dropped at
one-half of the usual sacrifice.
Prospectuses and schedules are forwarded flee of expense.
ALEX. ROBERTSON, Manager;

THE DISSENTERS AND GENERAL
LIFE AND FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY.

Instituted 1827.
Empowered by Special Act of ParliaWnt, 3 Vic., c. 20.
62, KING WILLIAM-STREET, LONDON-BRIDGE, LONDON ;
21, ST. DAVID-STREET, EDINBURGH ;
6, KING-STREET, QUEEN-SQUARE, BRISTOL ; and
ST. ANDREW'S HALL, PLAIN, NORWICH.
Capital—One Million.
TRUSTEES AND DIRECTORS.
George Bousfleld, Esq. Thomas Piper, Esq.
I Thomas Challis, Esq., Alderman Thomas B. Simpson, Esq.

Peter Ellis, Esq. Edward Smith, Esq.
Joseph Fletcher, Esq. Hon. Charles I'. Villiers, M.P.
Richard HoHier, Esq. John Wilks, Esq.
Charles Hindley, Esq., M.P. Edward Wilson, Esq.
On the return of the Ladyday Quarter, the Directors beg leave to
remind their Friends and the Public, that, in the Fire Department
they receive risks of all Descriptions, including Chapels, School rooms,
Mills, Goods, and Shipping in Dock, Farming Stock, &c., at the same
reduced rates as other respectable Companies, and make no charge
on Policies transferred from other Offices.
In the Life Department they continue to transact all business re-
lating to Life Assurances, Annuities, and Family Endowments, upon
the most liberal terms consistent with sound principles and public
security.
T.oans also are granted on equitable terms to life assurers on life
interests or satisfactory personal securities. To all agents and solici-
tors, auctioneers and surveyors, liberal allowance will be made.
By order of the Directors,
• THOMAS PRICE, Secretary.

CHWEPPE and Co., Wine-merchants, respect-
fully invite attention to their fine STOCK of FOREIGN
WINES ; comprising the whole range of those usually in demand,
but particularly refer to their Ports and Sherries. The prices of their
Forts are regulated chiefly by the age in bottle, as they import none
of inferior quality :—Draught Port at 30s. to 365. ; old bottled Ports,
425., 489., and 545. ; Sherries of all kinds, pale, brown, and gold
colour, at 305., 345., 3Gs., and very superior 425., 485., and 545. ; the
usual variety of French and Rhenish wines—first growth Lafitte and
Chateaux Margaux, 725. and 80s. ; second growth, 635. ; St. Julien,
409. ; Champagnes, 545. and 635. ; the finest, 80s. ; a rare selection
of Hocks and Moselles received direct from their agent on the Rhine,
from 48s. to 98s. Lists of wines and prices sent on application, and
country orders attended to immediately on receipt of a remittance
or a reference.—Office, 51, Berner's-street ; cellars, 27, Marshall-
street, Regent.street.

DAVIES'S WAXED WICK MOULDS, 6d.
per lb. ; Candles, sd. ; Botanic Wax Candles, Is ; Ogleby's
Patent Oil, equal to Sperm, 4s. Gd. per gallon; Vegetable Oil,
4s. Gd. ; Sperm, 7s. 6d. ; Solar, 3s. Gd ; Gernian Wax, Is. 2d. per lb. ;
Fine Wax, Is. 5d.; Genuine Sperm, ,25.; Transparent, 25.;
Genuine Wax, 2s. 3d. ; Yellow soap, 465., 525., and 58s. per
1121bs ; Mottled, 60s. and 64e.; Windsor, Is. 4d. per Packet ; Palm,
Is. 4d. ; Brown Windsor, Is. 9d. ; Rose, 2s. ; Almond, 2s. Gd. ; Seal-
ing Wax, 4s. 6d. ; Hales or Price's Composite, 10d. ; Vauxhall Compo-
site, B%cl. ; Palmer's Metallic, 7)4d. and 9d.
For Cash, at DAVIES'S Old Established Warehouse, 62, St. Mar•
tin's-lane, opposite Slaughter's Coffee-house.

FOR STOPPING DECAYED TEETH, Price 4s. 6d.
Patronised by HER MAJESTY, his Royal Highness PRINCE
ALBERT, and her Royal Highness the DUCHESS of KENT.
MR. THOMAS'S SUCCEDANEUM, for
STOPPING DECAYED TEETH, however large the cavity.
It is placed in the tooth in a soft state, without any pressure or pain,
and will remain firm in the tooth for many years, rendering extrac-
tion unnecessary, arresting the further progress of decay. All per-
sons can use Mr. Thomas's Suceedaneum themselves with ease, as
full directions are enclosed.
Prepared by Mr. Thomas, Surgeon Dentist, priee 4s. 6d. Sold by
Savory and Moore, 220, Regent-street, and 143, Bond-street ; Sanger,
10, Oxford-street ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; Prout, 229, Strand .. John-
ston, 68, Cernhill, and all Medicine venders.
Mr. Thomas continues to supply the loss of Teeth on his new system
of self-adhesion, without springs or wires. This method does not
require the extraction, of any teeth or roots, or any painful opera-
tion whatever. At home from Eleven till Four. 64, Benaers-street,
Oxford-street.

PATENT BELMONT SPERM CANDLES,
ONE SHILLING per lb. ; PATENT BELMONT SPERM
OIL, FOUR SHILLINGS per Gallon, burning more-brilliantly than
the ordinary Sperm Candles and Oil, and differing from them in being
pimripnucreipalalnyimpraelpoanree, from a pure vegetable material, instead of an
PRICES PATENT CANDLES, 10%d. per lb.
VAUXHALL COMPOSITE CANDLES, B%d. per lb.
PATENT BELMONT WAX CANDLES, Is. per lb.
Families wishing to try any of the above are recommended to
order them through their own tradesmen, taking notice, however,
that these being the London Cash Prices, the Country Dealer must
charge higher to cover his expenses of carriage. Where no dealer
can be found willing to sell them, Edward Price and Co. will supply
quantities of not less than 5/. worth, direct from their manufactory,
at Belmont, Vauxhall. On receiving a Post-office order for this
amount, they will forward Candles and Oil in the proportions that
may be directed ; or, to parties wishing for samples and unable to
obtain them, they will, on receiving a 1/. Post-office order, forward a
box containing 31bs of each of the four sorts of Candles, and a
gallon of the Oil. They fix the price of the sample box so high, to
avoid all suspicion of their wishing, to interfere with the retail trade
of the Country Dealers.
The trade may obtain the above Candles and Oil wholesale, in
London, from Edward Price and Co., Belmont, Vauxhall ; Palmer
and Co., Sutton-stieet, Clerkenwell ; and W. Merchant, 253, Regent-
circus, Oxford-street ; in Manchester, from Richardson and Roebuck,
Market-place; in Bath, from T. and G. Butcher, No. 4, Saw-close ;
and in Cheltenham, from Mathews and Co., 400, High-street.

---
FIRES IN EAST SMITIIFIELD.—ScarceIy, had the
firemen succeeded on Wednesday in extinguishing the
fire in Bermondsey-street, than intelligence was received of
another alarming fire having broken out at the oil and
colour manufactory, belonging to Messrs. Hubbeck and
Sons, in East Smithfield. It originated in the ground floor,
in which was deposited a large quantity of oils, turpentine,
and other combustible articles. The engines quickly arrived,
and, by the exertions of the firemen, the flames were pre-
vented. from extending further ; they were not, however,
entirely extinguished until considerable damage had been
done to the stock in the warehouse. The cause of 'the
disaster has been traced to the spontaneous ignition of some
waste sweepings.
ANTI-MALTRUSIANS.—There are at the present
time four individuals, whose residences are within fifty yards
of each other, at Bingham, who have been united in wedlock
thirteen times, and have consequently had thirteen wives—
an occurrence rarely to be met with in a small market town,
with a population of only about 2,000 inhabitants.—Derby
Mercury*

THE CURRENCY.
A Lecture of a highly interesting character was de-
livered at the National Hall, Holborn, on Monday, on
this subject, by Duncan, :sq., which was attended by
Mr. Pattison, one of the Members for London, and
several other gentlemen of pink and influence. The
tat-
tendance, also, of the wt) icing-classes was numerous,
and the attention with lch the observations of the
lecturer were received, in aced an intelligent appre-
hension of a confessedly di ult subject. Those obser-
vations, however, were 9Q perspicuously put, that a
matter on which but little Information is possessed in
the mass of society, was rendered perfectly clear, and, as
the writers of school books would say, " easily under-
stood by the meanest capacity," The lecturer began by
stating that he conceived the currency to he a subject of
paramount importance, and that it was his own appre-
hension of its importance which had first drawn
his attention to it. It not only affected those
who were distinguished as the property classes,
but, also, the working population. He did not
like to see the spirit of antagonism which was
now exhibited by the several portions of the community
in Britain, because he felt that it was a necessity that
all should prosper, and not only a few ; and it was as
necessary that those who followed the plough should
enjoy their existence as those who plied the loom. There
had been what appeared a species of opposition intro-
duced into society, and he conceived that the interests
of all classes of the State, whether it was seen that they
were so or not, were identical. The matter on which he
had to speak was of a highly interesting nature ; but
still he found that the introduction of a new subject
would be attended with some difficulty, and that it
would not at Era be very inviting. As some justifica-
tion, however, of the topic, he might refer to the cir-
cumstance of Sir James Graham having, in the House of
Commons, made the astounding statement that one-tenth
of the whole population were at the present moment
subsisting on the poor-rates—that out of a popu-
lation of 15,000,000, more man 1,500,000, whose only
property was their labour, were -at the present
moment absolutely depending for their daily sustenance
oa the exertions of others. Sir James Graham had ac-
companied this astounding fact by another of equally
startling character.. He had in the face of the House of
Commons affirmed that since the conclusion of the year
1815 no less a sum than 200,000,0001., equal to one quarter
of the debt, had been paid for the support of the poor.
Sir J. Graham made this statement on the Tuesday, and
_ . _ _.

it was a natural expectation that the Prime Minister,
under whose notice this fact nad been so prominently
brought, would in his budget on Friday have provided a
remedy for the evil. But he did no such thing. There
appeared in fact to be a sort of collusion by which the
whole question was set aside. It seemed to be admitted
as an axiom that when one great interest in the State
was prosperous, that the other must suffer—that there
must be an alternate sacrifice of the interests of the two
great classes in the community. It might very well suit
the objects of politicians to paint the bright side of the
question and omit the gloomy one, but he did say that
the Minister of State who pursued such a course, who
was either deluded himself, or wilfully or ignorantly a
party to the delusion of others, was altogether unworthy
to rule the destinies of a great empire. He did not wish
to see one, but both, of these great classes flourishing.
He did not advocate any of that system which left the
currency of the country at the caprice of any man, or
any body of men. He was no advocate for that which
was generally termed flimsy, or kite-flying, and he was
quite anxious that the instrument of exchange should
be ono for which there was every security of value to
the public; but this he would say, that the money laws
of the present day were based on nothing, either more
or less, than a system of insidious iniquity. The prin-
ciple of that system was simply and solely to exonerate
the rich from bearing their share of the burdens of the
State, and to throw them on that class which, for six-
teen hours every day, whether man, woman, or child,
had to work for their bread—on those who, if the
greatness of the country, or their importance in
the community was considered, were the most im-
portant part of the population. He was aware that
it was generally thought this was a subject diffi-
cult to understand, but he thought, with a little atten-
tion, it would be perfectly clear to all. He would, for
the sake of elucidation then, take money in three dif-
ferent points of view. Money, in the first place, he
would take to mean or represent land, the structures on
land, minerals, metals, and all the other property within
the bowels of the earth; secondly, fisheries aed all other
species of property of a similar kind, on which labour
had been expended ; and thirdly, the means by which
all this property was made transferable from party to
party, so as to be available for the general benefit of the
community. It was important to make this distinction,
as otherwise money, and the object of money, would be
confounded. It was the object of money to represent
value; now it was not any particular thing, or the pos-
session of any particular thing, that rendered it valu-
able, but the labour which had been bestowed upon it,
that gave it value; and money, symbolic money, the
means by which the enjoyment of this iroduct of labour
was transferred, was only the symbol or emblem of value.
Money, indeed, might be divided into three classes.
Notes or authorities issued from the Exchequer—bills of
exchange—and that third class which consisted partly of
coin and partly of paper, but which we were iu the
habit of using so as to distribute the exertions and the
property of individuals for the general benefit of the
community. Bullion in itself was not money, and the
mere impress of a likeness of the Queen on a piece of
gold did not alter its character as a commodity; it only
indicated to the public and assured them of tLe weight
and purity of the piece of metal upon which it was im-
pressed. lie hoped he should be excused for reverting,
for a few moments, to the days of Rome. The term
money was derived from the Latin word Monett, and
had arisen in consequence of the Romas having applied
to Juno, when they were in some strait or difficulty, and
who had advised them to act with justice and honour,
and their success was certain. In consequence of
the good effects of this advice and of the suc-
cess which attended their following it, the Romans
erected a temple in honour ef Juno Moneta,
and as the object of money was to indicate merely value,
and advise the receiver of benefit he ought to derive by
exchanging it, the proper designation was money.
Money was simply the token and representative of value,
the instrument by which all portions of society were
enabled to satisfy their wants. It was, in fact, the dis-
tributive agent of industry. If it was desired that there
should be a true notion of money, he would refer to the
principle which prevailed in what was called savage life.
The only means which the savages on the coast pos-
sessed for obtaining the benefits which they felt to be
necessary was an interchange of their labour—or, if he
took the shepherds in the interior of the country, it was
still the same—the exchange of the produce of their
labour was the only means which they possessed for ob-
taining the comforts they needed. Was it then to be a
matter of wonder that there should be a great depres-
sion in the state of the industrial classes, when the in-
strument by which their efforts was made valuable
was so greatly reduced in quantity? Adam
Smith, the great father of political economy,
had compared money to a road, and what would be the
consequence if the whole country were again to revert
to the position and the inconvenience which the country
had suffered before the days of macadamization. As
population increased, roads were multiplied and im
proved, and why not the money ? And if thus much
was said of roads, what would be said of railways? Sir
R. Peel, in introducing his measure for the better regu-
lation of financial affairs, in a gross ignorance of the
facts of the case, stated that it was his desire to revert
to the ancient standard of value ; but he did not wish to
revert to the standard as established by William the
Conqueror, to Alfred, or Julius Cresar. The object of
Sir R. Peel, so far as could Ise gathered from the vague
and uncertain language which he was in the habit of i
using, was to return to the standard of money in the 1
time of Elizabeth; which would make money as scarce as
it was in 1601. lie wished to give to the country the
same standard as had been used nearly 250 years ago,
and bring society back, in 1845, to the standard and in-
telligence of 1601. Why what would be the consequence ?
They might just as well decide upon restoring the town
to the condition it presented before the time when
the various lanes and dark streets of London possessed
thoroughfares, which, in the present day, would be to-
tally impossible ; or recommend blocking up that great
artery of London from the Strand to the Bank: he would
restrict all the operations of custom and finance to his
own confined views. What would be thought of him if'
he had directed that the whole railway from London to
Liverpool should be traversed on bars of gold, and no-
thing else ? He thought that the outcry which had been
raised of the evils of society was far beyond its mark.
He could not accede to the propositions of those who
were always ready to tax Divine Providence with neg-
lect and disregard for the interests of the poor. The
evil lay, not in any deficiency of the blessings which we
enjoyed, but in the imperfect distribution, which pro
vented a fair enjoyment of the benefits which we pos-
sessed, and he thought this was not the act of God but
the act of man, and he believed that the aggregate wealth
of the country, if honestly distributed, would more than
suffice for the full enjoyment of every member of the
community. And was there not every reason why this
distribution should be made? It was the labour bestowed
upon the several articles of commerce which gave them
all the value they possessed. This labour and degree it
was which constituted the standard of value. Now, he
found that there were natural equivalents subsisting
between the several great articles of consumption, and
it was the labour expended in procuring them, or in
adapting them to the use of mankind, which gave them
all the value they possessed, and which constituted the
rule by which these equivalents were measured. For
the sake of elucidating this position, he would take the
three articles of corn, gold, and silver. He would sub-
stitute corn for labour, as that was the main staple of
subsistence, and better represented the value of labour
than anything else. That it was labour, and labour
alone, which gave to each of these equivalents their
peculiar value was evident from the, fact that,
in times of danger and trial, it v% as on the
sinews of the strong that the country relied for
protection and safety. Yet how miserably. had
this Bill of Sir Robert Peel's effected the population of

the country and cut down their powers. It appeared
from the report of the Health of Towns Commission
that the people in the manufacturing districts were fast
degenerating both in size and power, and it was a noto-
rious fact that the tall and powerful men who, in farmer
times, were readily obtained in Cumberland and West-
moreland for the regiments of the Guards, were now but
seldom met with. Sir R. Peel wished to dwarf every-
thing to his gold standard, and with an ignorance of
historical facts, or a wilful misuse of them, if he was not
ignorant, he had passed his Bill of 1819 to perpetuate '
that oppression under which the poor were destined by
him at least always to groan. The whole mistake lay
in this—the confusion between the standard of value and
the measure of value. Now, by Sir Robert Peel's
scheme, gold was made to perform the double function
of both the measure and the standard of value. The
fact was, that if indirect taxation did not come in to
defeat the natural order of things, it was comparatively
of little consequence whether gold was or was not the
measure of value. There were three natural equiva •
lents in corn, silver, and gold. It took about the same
quantity of labour to grow and produce a quarter of
wheat as it did to produce 5 grains, 3 dwts. of gold, or
81 ounces of silver ; and thus it was that these several
commodities were natural equivalents for each other,
and acted as parallel rates of value. Now an ounce of
silver was rated in the exchange markets as being worth
ss. 2d.—it was, in fact, worth only 4s. I Id., but for the
sake of argument he would take it at its exchangeable
value, and call it ss. 2d. Now it was ascertained that,
according to the natural worth of gold, and the equiva-
lent value of silver, that a quarter of wheat, when not
subject to taxation, ought to be worth 335. 7d., and con-
sequently ,that 61 ounces of silver ought to purchase that
quantity of corn ; but by the effect of indirect taxation
the price of this corn was raised to 50s. It was taxed
more than 50 per cent., but the gold and the silver
which was used to purchase it were untaxed, and the
consequence was that the farmer and the manufacturer
had to give one-half more of their labour than they used
to do. Gold could not rise in price ; it was positively
required by Act of Parliament that it should be re-
stricted to 31. 17s. 10id. an ounce, and by thus placing a
taxed equivalent against an untaxed equivalent the pro-
ducer only got 81 dwts. of gold for that which ought to
have produced him 124 dwts. Mr. Canning had de-
scribed Sir R. Peel as the acme of sublime mediocrity,
and Mr. Disraeli, the other night, had stated theta Con-
servative Government was only an organised hypocrisy;
but he would go further, and assert that Sir R. Peel.
when introducing his Bill of 1819, was either shamefully
ignorant of historical facts, or criminal in misrepresenting
them. Ile had stated that his object was to restore the
standard of Elizabeth ; but what was the fact ? The
sovereign of the present day contained only 5 dwts.
3 grains of gold, or, in other words, 123 grains, whereas
the sovereign of Elizabeth contained 172 grains, making
a difference, at the rate of twopence a grain, of no less
than Bs. 4d. between the value of the sovereigns
of Elizabeth and Victoria, so that this profession was
like many other of his professions, a vain and a
false one: his object was to keep down gold to the
Mint price of 31. 17s. 101 d., for he knew that if he could
make gold cheap he would make labour cheap also
That his object was not security so much, was shown by
the circumstance that the only bank which'was allowed to
issue notes had themselves the other day been obliged to
go to the Bank of France to borrow 13,500,0001. There
was no cabalistic power in a sovereign, for it was, after
all, but a token of value, and the impression of the
Queen's head upon it conferred no additional intrinsic.
value ; it only was a certificate of a certain weight and
fineness, and if the Goldsmith's Company were to issue
similar emblems, they would be taken by Mr. Rothschild
or any other great capitalist just as readily as sove-
reigns. The belief that the intrinsic value of gold gave
a greater security to the public was altogether fallacious,
but the injury which it worked was a sad reality ; and
the Act by which it was brought into existence was that
attempt which, after the conclusion of the war in 1815,
the landowners made to shift the burden of the debt
from their own shoulders to those of working men, and it
was a well-known fact that the working man did absolutely
pay 72 per cent. of the whole taxation of the country,
and the Bill of 1810 was passed in order to perpetuate
the high price in corn and the low
_price paid for the
labour of the working man. Mr. Duncan then went

into a series of statements to show that the foreign
trade of the country is not nearly so valuable as it was
supposed to be and he believed that attention was
directed to it which might be much better applied to ob-
taining a better mode of distributing the wealth which
labour produced. He showed that the attempt devised
by Colonel Torrens, Mr. Joplin, and Mr. Jones Loyd,
to secure a favourable rate of exchange, was fallacious,
and that the only effect wrought upon the exchanges was
occasioned by sending a continually-increasing quantity
of goods into the foreign market, to bring that gold
back to tha country which, for our domestic purposes,
was totally useless. Gold, he allowed, was a necessary
medium of exchange between country and country, but
the application off it as the standard of value in
Britain was neither more nor less than obliging our arti-
sans to work ;sixteen hours a day to obtain those
necessaries which a working man in Germany
got for eight hours' exertion. He thought that, as he
had pointed out an evil, he ought also to point out a
remedy, and that was, issuing of Exchequer-bills for
small sums to the full amount of the taxation ;7and he
showed that, as these bills would be based on the whole
property of the country, no doubt could be entertained
of their validity, and after showing that the present Ex-
chequer-bills were derived from the old Exchequer
tallier, as evinced in the term bill for bilk, an old Nor-
man French word, and thence applied in its derivative,
to the Exchequer tally, which was a piece of wood
notched in a particular way and then divided, one part
being laid up in the Exchequer repository, and the other
issued ani circulated in the country in payment for
stores or other necessaries, and which was returnable at
the) end of twelve months—he [adduced an instance of
the utility of using such notes where a new market had
been erected, through the exertions of Mr. Brock, at
St. Peter's Port, in the island of Guernsey, who
issued notes of a similar kind in payment of the
works, and who annually redeemed the notes,
to the extent of 4,000 L, out of the rents of the
eighty stalls which the market contained. The same
system might be adopted by Government and he felt sa-
tisfied that if the plan were adopted it would at once
secure to the working man a full rate of wages, to those
in the middle classes a fair remuneration in business,
profit, and whether accompanied by direct taxation,
of which he heartily approved, or not, would bring the
whole available property into play for the benefit of the
community at large, and would equalise those burdens
which were now grinding all the lower portions of so-
ciety into dust. Mr. Duncan concluded his long and
perspicuous lecture amid the earnest cheers of what had
been a most attentive sudience.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.
Lospozi, MAncii 20.—Wind N.N.W., fresh breeze, and
fine clear weather.
DEAL, MARC* 19.—Wind N.W. by N., light.—Arrd.
Wolscove, Hickner, St. John's, New Brunswick. Sld. Per-
sian, and Robert Matthews, Sydney; Galatea, Algoa Bay;
Mediator, New York ; Brushopeside, Montreal.
WAINFLEET, INIAnn 19.—The Three Brothers, Lilford, of
Goole, from Lynn to Wakefield, drove ashore on Wainfleet
Sands this morning, but is expected off. The Ann, Rhodes,
of Hull, on the Wainfleet Sands, has been brought in here
after discharging her cargo.
WrxronD, Mmicit 17.—A ship's boat, marked " Sir Cohn
Campbell," was picked up on Arklow Bank 14th instant.
PORTSMOUTH, MARCH 19.—Wind N.N.W. to W.—Sld.
her Majesty's ship Vindictive, Rio Janeiro ; Sir John Falstaff,
Quebec.
FitraiouTir, MAncn 19.—Wind 9 A.st. a calm.—Off, An-
nandale, Chalk, Ichaboe.
LYMINGTON, MARCH 18.—The Falmouth, Wills, is aground
in the river, and not expected off until the springs, without
lightening.
LI ERPOOL, MARCH 19 .—W ind N .N. E., fresh . —Sid. Mary
Winch, Columbia River ; Laura, Bahia ; Zante, Tobasco ;
Tyrian, New Orleans ; Sardinia, Mobile ; Cambridge, Devon-
; shire, and George Gardner, New York; Union and Is;inian
Lindsay, Halifax; Flora M'Donald, St. Andrews; British
Queen, St. John's, New Brunswick ; Amore, Cape Breton ;
Britannia, Sir R. Jackson, Magnet, and Souter Johnny,
Montreal.
CLYDE, Mmicii lE.—And. Brothers, Ward, Ichaboe.
CASTLETOWN, MAncii 14.—And. Honora, Tralee for
London, making sixteen inches of water per hour.
YARMOUTH, MArcli 19.—Wind N.—The Mellona, of
Guernsey, has repaired, and is ready to proceed.
MAncit 14.—Arrd. Cornet, Sanderson, Africa.
NAVIGATORS ISLAND, JAN. 17.—Arrd. Rose, Swan, llali-
fax, with 1,100 barrels of oil.
SAN DIEGO (CALIFORNIA), PRIOR TO DEC. 2.—Arrd.
Krons Prins, Higham, with 1,600 barrels; Clementine,
Norton, with 1,500 barrels ; and Bremen, Gerken, with 700
barrels, all belonging to Bremen.

Wednesday morning, about half-past nine o'clock, a
fire broke out in'the front-room second-floor at the residence
of Lady Northrgo. 24, Manchester-square. The flames were
in the first instance observed by two men who were passing
the house, one of whom ran for the engine, while the other
knocked at the door and alarmed the inmates. The con-
flagration was fortunately subdued without any further mis-
chief being done than the destruction of a bedstead, bed-
ding, and other articles of furniture which were in the room
above alluded to. The origin of the fire has not been as-
certained.
HER MAJESTY'S STEAMER SCOURGE.—This vessel
exapcehr mfoern ttall, tripe
purpose do down River e
testing
herori Tmu easctaiyll,e r
ya s
.
farma daes seaa l
re
She was designed by the Surveyor of the Navy, and built at
Portsmouth. The Scourge is 190 feet long, 36 feet beam, and
21 feet deep; tonnage 1,120. She is fitted with a pair of
Maudsley and Field's double cylinder engines, of the collective
power of 420 horses ; there are four cylinders, each 54 inches
diameter, and 6 feet length of stroke ; the proper number of
revolutions, when she is at her load draft (13 feet 6 inches)
is 17 per minute; but having none of her guns or stores on
board, the drart was only 11 feet 3 inches mean (10 feet '2
inches forward and 12 feet 4 inches aft), and the wheels
having too little immersion, the revolutions were 23, and
occasionally 24, per minute. At this speed, the pistons were
1 travelling at the rate of 288 feet per minute, and the boilers,
which are of the tubular description, supplied more steam
than was required, the throttle-valves being full open during
the whole run. Her speed was tried in Long-reach, at the
measured distance, and found to be 11 knots or 121. i miles
per hour.