The Sun.
London, England, 1844-01-31 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EIENIN6, JANUARY 31, 1844.

crushed in the throng, and among them a policeman.
If crushing in a crowd was to be considered a proof
of the illegality of a meeting, then the Court of
Queen's Bench had for the last fortnight been a most
illegal assembly ; the jury-box was protected
from inconvenience, but every other part of
the Court, even the judgment-seat, had been
invaded, and the Learned Judges themselves had
been " crushed" by those whom it was not possible to
resist. This allusion was to the number of ladies who
have been accommodated with seats almost on the
bench ; and it created a hearty laugh, in which the
Learned Judges joined. But a far better point for
his client was made by him, in reference to the con.:
versation sworn to by the witness, Policeman
M'CANN, which was said to have taken place between
him and the Rev. Mr. TIERNEY, on the 16th of June,
two months before the meeting at Clontibret. When
evidence of this conversation was tendered, it was
objected to by the traversers, as it formed no part
of the indictment, but the objection was overruled.
M'CANN swore to a long conversation, in which Mr.
TIERNEY spoke of the Union as not binding on
conscience, and on the spread of the Repeal feeling
in the army, and the great things which the army
had done in Spain. Mr. MOORE emphatically denied,
on the part of Mr. TIERNEY, that any such conversa-
tion ever occurred ; pointed out its improbability; and,
though he could call no evidence of the falsehood of
the witness, he proved, by referring to the dates of
the newspapers, that no revolt of the Spanish army,
to which M'CANN said Mr. TIERNEY alluded, took
place till the 11th of June, and that consequently it
was impossible that anything could have been
known about it in the county of Monaghan
on the 16th of the same month. This dissection of
the Crown evidence seemed to have some effect on
the jury. He was exceedingly severe in his remarks
on the conduct of the Attorney-General; and his
speech, altogether, was a spirited, able, and what is
better, an effective display of legal talent, acumen,
and oratory. He did not occupy so much time as
was anticipated.

Mr. ll.vrcrtELL then addressed the Court for Mr
RAY, the secretary of the Association, denouncing
the Crown for having included him in the indict-
ment, thus depriving the traversers of the best wit-
ness they could have called to prove the object and
legal constitution of the Association. This may be
taken as the pith and substance of the Learned Gen-
tleman's address, which concluded at half-past two
o'clock.

Mr. FITZGIBBON, who was the next in order of the
traversers' counsel to address the Court, then applied
for an adjournment, on the double grounds of his own
personal indisposition, and the impossibility of the
jury, in a case of such magnitude, attending to the
views of so many counsel in such rapid succession.

The Chief Justice said he had observed the in-
disposition of Mr. FITZGIBBON for several days, and,
concluding that no other counsel was prepared to go
on, was disposed to allow the adjournment.
The Attorney-General said he would not, for a
moment, ask Mr. FITZGIBBON to proceed, but he
thought, when there were so many other counsel,
some one of them—Mr. WHITESIDE or Mr. M`Do-
NouGn—might proceed.

Mr. O'CoNNELL said a certain order had been
agreed on, which could not be disturbed.
The Chief Justice then, in a manner that seemed
more than half a rebuke to the Attorney-General,
admitted the reasonableness of the application, and
adjourned the Court till Tuesday morning, when
Mr. FITZGIBBON will begin the defence of Dr. GRAY.

much impertinence respecting the real nature and the
origin of the term money, but that we find the advo-
cates of a metallic currency make it the foundation
of their opinions, under the conception that intrinsic
value must always be given whenever commodities
change hands; and the notions of a national currency
which have now for many years prevailed, have so
led to a contraction of the medium of exchange, as to
occasion evils which, unless rectified, are likely before
long to break up the very foundations of society.
Mr. HUBBARD confines his notions of currency to
coins and bank-notes, endeavouring to enlarge what
he cannot but see is a very insufficient supply,
by taking the stock of gold dormant in
the Bank as a portion of that in general
use. But if words mean anything, the term
by which we indicate the medium of exchange im-
plies that which is constantly passing from hand to
hand. The cash in the till of a tradesman, or the
balance with the banker of the merchant,as;well as the
working st )ck of the banker himself, are all currency;
but the 14,000,0001. now hoarded up in the vaults of
Threadneedle-street, and intended to be kept in re-
serve, is no more a portion of the circulating medium
than if it w ere sunk at the bottom of the Atlantic.
The retention of this amount in the hands of the
Bank not only tends to reduce the amount of the
metallic currency, but also to impede the circulation of
another kind of currency, in the shape of bills of ex-
change, which, although held as of no account by Mr.
HUBBARD, yet, as representing goods sold and delivered,
are just as much a part of the whole stock of currency
as any other representatives of value whatever. With
these included in the account, the inconvenience and
national loss is bad enough, but without them the
aspect of things is terrible indeed. It has been stated
by several authorities that the annual produce of the
country from manufactures and farming is about
470,000,0001., and we are prepared to show that this
is considerably below the real amount. To effect
the distribution of so much wealth Mr. HUBBARD
makes out there is about 79,700,0001. He says.
" It appears that in the year 1838, out of 55,000,0001.
of paper money assumed to have been necessary for
working the various banks in the United Kingdom,
about 13,000,0001. were issued upon bullion or
gold coin, the remaining 42,000,0001. being
issued upon some sort of securities bearing interest,
The gold coin of the United Kingdom I take at
33,000,000/., and as 8,300,0001. were held by the
banks against their issues, there remains 24,700,0001.
to add to the 55,000,000/. of paper; thus making the
entire amount of the currency 79,700,000/.," or some-
where about 3/. a head for the population, and
leaving nearly six-sevenths of the annual pro-
duce of the country, to say nothing of the accumu-
lated stocks of indestructible goods unrepresented by
any medium of value whatever. Need there be any
wonder at the cry that money is hard to come at ?
Yet Mr. HUBBARD says that a metallic currency is
the only sound medium of exchange, and that gold is
valuable only from its limited supply ; meaning, we
presume, a small supply. A sounder authority gives
a somewhat different account, and more explicitly
developer the mischievous working of Mr. HUBBARD'S
notions—he gives the following statement. It is
made up from averages of six years at least, in order
that the erroneous representations which the accounts
of one year would give might not mislead, and he
commences with the six years just prior to the
passing of the Bill for the resumption of cash pay-
ments :

1814 to 1819 (both inclusive.)
Amount of population £11,125,000

Average bills of exchange in circulation at one
time, calculated from the amount of duty re-
ceived by the Stamp-office, according to Mar-
shall's tables £143,000,000
Bank of England notes
Country bank notes 18,000,000

£178,500,000

Bank of France••.
Lattittc Bank, I,ooof. Shareslll2 50 • • 1112 50 ..1112 50 •.1112 50
5,000 f. Sharesso7o ..5070 ..5070 ••5070
Belgian Bank ..•• •• • • . • 690 . • 690 • • 690 • • 690
Belgian Fives,lB4o .• ••• • • • 109 • • 109 • • 109 • • 109
1642 ..
Spanish Active •.•••• • • • • • • 34 • • 301 • • 301 • • 304
Portuguese Five per Cents• • 47/ • • 47/ • • 47/ • • 47/
Neapolitan lO6 50 .. 106 75 .. 106 50 .. 106 75
Boman ••• • • • ........ ..... • 105 i • • 106 .. 1051 • • 106

RAILWAY SHARES.
Versailles, 11.13.• • •• •• • • • • • • 337 50 • • 337 50 .. 337 50 .. 337 50
LB.• • • • • • 192 50 •• 192 50 .• 183 75 .. 185
Rouen .................... 845 • • 845 .. 845 .. 845
Rouen to Havre ..... ....... 671 25 • • 676 25 .. 671 25 • . 675
Orleans ••••••........... 852 50 .. 855 .. 852 80 .. 855

Strasburg ,to Bale •• •• • • 240
Avignon to Marseilles 765

• • 240
• • 765

•• 237 50 .. 237 50
•• 761 25 .. 761 25

RAILWAY SHARES, FOR TM! ACCOUNT.
St. Germain • • • • • • • • • • 830 • • 830 • • 827 50 . • 827 50

Versailles, R. 8.. • • • •
L.B

333 75 338 75 .. 333 75 338 75
• .. 187 50 •• 188 75 •• 187 50 .. 188 75
▪ 840 •• 845 .. 840 .. 845

Rouen

-.„ -
Rouen to Havre ..... ....... 670
Orleans •••••.••.•••••••••• 855

Strasburg to Bale ••••••
Avignon to Marseilles • •

• • 680
• • 855

• 670
• 855

•• 680
•• 855

.. 241 25 - 241 25 •. 237 50 •. 237 50
•• 762 50 - 765 .. 760 .• 760

Her Majesty and Prince Albert, attended by the
Royal suite, are expected to arrive in town at three
o'clock this afternoon, travelling from Windsor by a
special train on tho Great Western Railway. A Privy
Council will afterwards be held for appointing the
Sheriffs of the different English counties during the pre-
sent year. The Queen's Speech on opening the session
of Parliament to-morrow will be settled at the Council.

Lord Stanley arrived in town this morning from
Windsor Castle.

LA vi'
_INTELLIGENCE.

QUEEN'S BENCH.—(TFIIb DAY•)
(Sittings in Banco.)
THE CORPORATION OF MAIDENHEAD 13. Tilt GREAT WESTERN

RAILWAY COMPANY.
In this case a rule nisi had been obtained, calling upon the
defendants to show cause why they should not pay the costs
of a mandamus' which had been issued, directing them to pay
2,2821. to the corporation of Maidenhead. They had paid
the money, and a rule had been obtained calling on them to
show cause why they should not pay ,the costs, which had
been discharged on a technical point, and not on the merits.
A new rule had been obtained, and
The Solicitor-General now showed cause against the rule,
and contended that the application having been once refused,
it was not competent to the plaintiffs to renew it.
The Attorney-General, with whom was Mr. Hill, supported
the rule.

The Court decided that the general rule was, that where
an application had been made to the Court and failed, such
application could not be renewed; there were some excep-
tions, but this case did not come within them, and the rule
must therefore be discharged.—Rule discharged without costs.

EXCHEQUER.-(THIS DAY.)
(Sittings in Banco.)
The attention of the Court this morning was devoted to
hearing motions for new trials, and technical points of
practice.
The sittings at nisi prius, before Lord Abinger and com-
mon juries, will commence to-morrow (Thursday) morning,
at ten o'clock.

BAIL COURT.-(THIS DAY.)
(Before Mr. Justice VirmuAm.)

THE QUEEN V. THE POOR-LAW GUARDIANS OF THE WAKE-
FIELD UNION.

Mr. Tomlinson moved for a rule to show cause why a writ
or writs of mandamus should not issue against the guardians
of the Wakefield Union, commanding them to• pay to the
master of the workhouse two sums of 101. and 51., portions of
the salary of himself and his wife, as officers of the union
workhouse. The payment had been resisted on the ground
that in consequence of increased charges falling upon the
district, the salaries of the master and matron of the work-
lriuse ought to be reduced. A correspondence had taken
place on the subject between the Poor-law Guardians and the
Poor-law Commissioners, the latter stating that the increase
of poverty adding to the duties of the officers of the union,
could not form ground for reducing their salaries, and they
ordered the salaries to be continued. A majority of 'guardians
still resisted the payment, and that was the ground of the
present application. The Court had often enforced the powers
of the Poor-law Commissioners in similar cases.

-„.
Mr. Justice Williams—The language of the Act is very ex-
tensive as to the power of making orders.
Mr. Tomlinson—lt is, my Lord. The Learned Counsel
then quoted the 46th section of the Act, empowering the
Commissioners, amongst other acts, to regulate, when they
thought fit, the amount of salaries payable to poor-law officers.
Mr. Justice Williams—Do the guardians resist their au-
thority ?

Mr. Tomlinson—They respectfully resist it, putting it as a
matter of duty on their part.—Rule granted.

INSOLVENT COURT.-(THIS DAY)

IN RE WILLIAM PEEL.
The Learned Chief Commissioner gave judgment in this
case, which has been already frequently before the Court,
and fully reported in The Sun. After entering at length into
the details of the matter, he said, that although the manner
in which the insolvent had contracted the debt with the op-
posing creditor, could not be strictly construed into a charge
of fraud, according to the statute ; yet there was seldom a
ease came before the Court which was more strongly charac-
terised by ingratitude and dishonesty, and, such being the
case, he felt bound to inflict as severe a penalty
as possible on the second charge, which had
been fully proved against him, namely, making away
with his property, to the detriment of the body of his credi-
tors. The sentence of the Court, therefore, was, that he be
imprisoned at the suit of one or more of his creditors for frau-
dulently making away with his property.