The Sun.
London, England, 1821-04-05 00:00:00

THE COLONIES.

NEW BRUNSWICK TIMBER TRADE.
(From the Saint Andrez.o's Herald)
Agreeably to the promise we made in our last Paper, we
have inserted in this a copy of the report of a Select Committee
of the House of Lords, relative to the Timber Trade. We are
led to infer from the report, that unless the House of Commons
should display a better knowledge of the subject than this do-
cuMent developes, that, either there will be a reduction of the
rate-of dutiei on timber imported from the North of Europe,
or, what is more probable in the present depressed state of the
revenue of Great Britain, that a duty will be laid on timber im-
ported from the British North 'American Colonies; a measure
mote detrimental, if possible, to the interest of these Colonies,
than Merely to reduce the duties on foreign timber; and thus
will the trade in our staple export be completely annihilated.
For what purpose? we do not hesitate to say, for no national
good.—Foreigners, and foreigners only, will be benefited by it.
Cruel, mistaken policy ! The Report says: " the soft white
pine timber is stated also to be preferable to anv other timber
for packing-cases, carving, mouldings, musical instruments,
blinds, and other objects where lightness and freedoin from
knots is desirable." When the Committee, the Select Commit-
tee ! descended to minutiae, and stated that Canada Pine was
proper to musical instruments, (Nero fiddled while Rome was
burning,) and blinds; why not add matches also ? It needs but
little calculation to prove, that more soft pine timber is consum-
ed in England for matches, than for musical instruments and
blinds together: -
One argument made use of in favour of a new policy, is, that
Norway and Sweden would be enabled thereby to purchase
British manufactures, and pay off old debts. We doubt not,
but some of our readers are acquainted with the habits and.cus-
toms of those nations; such as are, know that they are a plod-
ding, industrious, economical, poor people, and very limited
consumers of British manufactures or produce. Wages
are extremely low in those countries, and-they neither now nor
ever did,-possess the means or inclination to consume them to
any considerable extent ; and is it for these people that
British Ship-owners, British Merchants, and British Co-
lonists, are to be sacrificed ? Forbid it justice ! Forbid
it policy ! Great stress is laid on the inferior quality of
North American timber, particularly for purposes of Ship..
building. New Brunswick alone, and on moderate terms, can
supply a sufficient quantity of even red pine for deck plank and
spars, to say nothing of its excellent spruce spars, for the Bri-
tish market ; and no pine timber from the North of Europe is
more durable or stronger than New Brunswick r.'d pine. The
spruce deals exported from the Colonies are equal in quality to
any-white deals imported into Britain from any country. As to
masts- and bowsprits, it is conceded by the Committee, that
those imported from Canada are of a quality suitable for those
purposes. With respect to oak, and other hardwood timber,
we admit that the growth of these Colonies is not equal in quality
to that of the North of Europe : still we do not admit, that be-
cause they are neither so good, nor can be landed in Britain on
such favourable terms as from the North of Europe' that it is a
sufficient reason- why the importation should - not be protected
by countervailing duties. We are compelled to carry our tim-
ber to the British market, and the British market only, and
derive our supplies of manufactured goods, teas, wines, bran-
dies, &.c. from- that country ; therefore, if these Colonies must
lee limited to a particular market- to buy and sell at, surely it is
only fair,*it is only just and reasonable, that they shall have a
decided preference over all other countries in that market, or
the obligation is not reciprocal. Let the advocates for Free
Trade gore us Free Trade, not in name but in fact, and we will
venture to predict not a murmur will be heard.
We hope, and trust, that Ministers will pause before they
'paralyze the industry, and shake the loyalty of more than a
million of British subjects residing in these rising Colonies—
subjects, who already take from the British nation £2,000,000
sterling of goods annually, and who, in a very few years, if
protected, would require double that amount. We -say, let
them pause and inquire what they have to counterbalance the
loss of such a- trade, and that trade. too with their fellow.
subjects--not only the loss of the trade but of the affections of
them fellow subjects. In the event of war, will the
foreigners of the North.- support with heart and hand
the cause of Britain ? No ; sooner would they lend
their': aid -to humble a nation, which eclipses all others
in greatness, in power, in riches, and in honour ; a nation,
which has only to order the ships of those foreigners to be stint
up in theirharbours, and it is done. We again repeat, let Mi-
nisters pause befbre they act. A small duty on timber import.
ed from these Colonies, or 'a reduction 'of duties onthat from
the North of Europe, will ruin our.trade, stop all importation,
and perhaps convert prayers and blesSings into (5 • 5.)

NATIONAL SOct&T.---:-Yesteruay tne`general,
Committee of the National Society, for the Edu-
cation of the Poor in the Principles, of the. Esta-
blished Church, and for the erecting, enlarging,
and. fitting up Of School-rooms, held their Meet-
ing at St. Martin's Vestry ;present—Archbishops
of CAN,TERBURY and YORK, Bishops of BANGOR,
SALISBURY, ST. ASAPII, CII ESTER, LLANDAFF,
EXETER, Lord KENYON, Sir J AMES LANGIIAM,
Bart., Archdeacon POTT, and other Members of
the Committee.

CITY OF LONDON ARTIZANS' PENSION SOCIETY.
Yesterday a General Meeting of the Subscribers
to this Institution was held at the City of London
Tavern—,the Rev. Mr. RUDGE, in the Chair. It
appears that 1531. 3s. Bd. had been, distributed
from the sth January to the sth July, 1820—
expenses make a total of 2441. 75.11 d., still leav-
ing a balance of 268/. 7s. 7d.
MATCH TO RUN AND RIDE 27 MILES in Two
Houns.—This singular match,made by a Gentle-
man named Probatt, fo.l a hundred guineas, was
decided on Monday
,on the Basingstoke and
Andover Road, and it afforded much sport. Mr.
Probatt had backed himself to do eight, miles
within the hour on foot, over' a. two-mile piece of
ground, which he accomplished in 56m. 3Qs. He
then mounted a fine blood mare and did the re-
training distance three minutes within the boar.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.
[FROM VARIOUS SOURCES.]
(No. IX.)

RUSSIAN LITERATURE.—Many German and,
Russian Literati, residing at Dorpath, have re-
cently formed a -Reading Society, which 'circu-
lates a number of works in both languages. This
place has for many -years past been the residence
of the celebrated Russian poet Schukowsky.—
His lyrical productions form an epoch in Rus-
sian poetry. Among the finest of his composi-
tions may- be reckoned his' Epistle to the Em-
peror Alexander," " The Bard among the Warri-
ors of Russia," and " The Bard, on the Ruins
of the Kremlin." Lobanow is another Russian
poet who is a great favourite with his country-
men : one of his most esteemed productions is
an " Elegy at the grave of Prince Kutusov
Smoiensky."
The dramatic literature of Russia has of late
been enriched by several very valuable trans-
lations ; among these the most eminent are Lo-
banow's I phigenia, Tancred by Gnedilsch, Esher
by Kateuin, and the Misanthrope of,Kokoschin.
A translation has likewise appeared of Delisle's
beautiful poem of the Gardens, from the pen
of Atxander WoikOff, Professor of the Russian
Language and Literature at the University of
Dorpath; this writer, who is eminently distin-
guished for his intimate -acquaintance with the
classics, is now employed upon a translation of
the Georgics of Virgil.
By way of remark respecting the state of Litera-
ture in this empire, it ought to be observed that au-
thority is confined almost exclusively to the mem-
bers of'different academies.; and that Physic,
Natural History, Mathematics, and History, are
the departments most cultivated. Many works
belonging to the latter class have appeared of
late years.
ICELANDIC LITERATURE.—By a report. of the
Literary Society of Iceland, the grand Icelandic
work is nearly finished called SturbringeSega,
forming 120 sheets. A general geography of
the Island is also published;' and a collection of
the works of the poets; who have adorned their
native land with their productions, is getting
ready for the press. •

DENMARK.-111 this country, according to
Professor Plufen's statistical view, there are
1,630,000 inhabitants on 964 square miles; a
population that he affirms might be increased to
2,200,000, or 2,800000. Among these 1,630,000,
there are 56,000 paupers or every twenty-fourth
person : and Copenhagen and Altona alone con-
tain 12,000 of these latter.
VICI33ITUDES OF ANCIENT DWELLINGS.—A
Copenhagen Journal, entitled Skilderien (Pic-
tures) gives
_the following examples of the vicis-
situdes experienced by ancient dwellings, and of
the singular contrasts which many present be-
tween their former and their present occupants.
A mansion in Copenhagen, formerly the re-
sidence of a Danibh minister, is at-present inha-
bited by a sadler ; that once belonging to a noble-
man of high rank, is tenanted by a carter ; while
the building; which was once the proud' palace of
the mighty Sigbritt awl Dyvecke, has been con-
verted into a shop. But similar changes are ex-
peth need in other countries; thus, it is not many
years ago, since a chairman occupied, in the Old
Tovin of Edinburgh, the house formerly belong-
ing to Lord Drummond ; a coach-maker, that
of the Duke of Douglas ; and a stick-maker, the
Marquess of Argyle's. A Sheriff's-officer tenant-
ed the room that once possessed Cromwell as its

inmate ; while in Calmar,
.the hail in' which the
union was concluded, is now used as a kind of
prison for criminals.
NEW VoLcANo.---Another of • these natural
phenomena has appeared in Portugal,• where it
has burst out in the loftiest .summit Of a ridge, of
mountains. near Leiria ; in regard to latitude,
therefore, it is nearly midway between Vesuvius
and Etna. It first occurred at the high rise. of
the Douro, and when the latest accounts came
away was .raging with full violence, but had for-

tunately taken a direction in which it will oc-
casion little dar,age. This tract of sterile coun-
try is that through which Wellington passed when
pursuing the French under the command of
Massena.

THE CLIALEOGRAPII IC EXIIIIHTION.---In ad-
dition the' usual exhibitions forming so
prominent a feature among the amusements of
the I‘.4tropolis during Spring, anti visited from
such opposite motives by the indolent and sedu-
lous, the intelligent and the vacant, the men of
taste and the mere risen of ton, the bees and the
butterflies of society, an exhibition of engravings
by living artists is, we: understand, to be shortly
opened, under the immediate patronage of Ills
MAJESTY. It is somewhat extraordinary that
this. class of artists should not have before re-
sorted to. so obviously beneficial a mode of dis-
playing, their works: perhaps they have hitherto
deemed -it' less necessary for theM than for
their graphic brethren of the palette, because
the shop of the print-seller has formed, as it were,
a permanent and interesting gallery, presenting
a constant succession of novelties, whether 'to the
glance of the prtfaner passenger. at the window,
or to the gaze, of those initiated into the atlytum
of the fade. 'the adoption of the present
plan appears highly commendableiand judicious
it will annually concentrate upon one spot all the
finest and most exquisite' productions. .We hail
it too as an indication of zeal and effettiVe ener-
g:Y,forit originateS, we are persuaded, in feel-
i►tgs more connected with art than
.with trade.

It is a melancholy fact, that in the, year 1817
only, no less than 706 wpmen, Widows were
either buried of.bnrnt alive

EAST INDIA 110 USE.

A Special General Court of Proprietors of East:
India Stock, was yesterday held at the Compau y's
House. in Leadenliall•=street, for the transaction
of a variety of bli!3iness. The 'Resolution 9f the • ;
General Conrt of the 21st of. March last, ap.:. •
proving the grant of 15001.' to Captain David„
Ross, of the Bombay. Marine, was confirmed.
MR. CANSTING.
Mr. R. JAcKsoy, in' an .able and eloquent
speech, adverted to the abilities which Mr. Cu,a: •
fling displayed while he filled the office of Nest-
de,nt of the Board of Controul : and concluded:-
with a motion, stating, the concurre-.ce of the
Proprietors in the' sentiments expl- ssed by the,
Court of ,Directors in their farew,•l letter to Mr.
Canning, and wishing that Gentleman health •
and happiness whether he„gllal a public or a'Pri,
=vatt-sititation, - • 41. • .
J-AS7ES PEIMY,
.Esq. seconded the motion, and
particularly adverted to the liberal conduct of
Mr. Canning, with respect to the Asiatic press. •'
The IlOnourable Co.lotiel.STANnore, and Mr.
LOWNDES supported the motion.
Mr. D. KINNAIRD opposed the Resolution,
which, he contended, was a Resolution of com-
pliments, not of thanks. The whole proceeding
was 3 to use a comprehensive but a'vulgar word;
the most complete humbug he had ever witnessed.
Mr. WILKEs condemned the present .proceed-:
ing;becanse it was not 'called for by any neces+
sity whatever; and from measures that were not
necessary, it was the interest and duty of that
Cqurt to abstain. • The hon. Proprietor con.-
eluded by moving, as an amendment, that .though
the Court bad. a high respect -for Mr. Canning,
they did not deem it proper to adopt any, resolu-
tion founded QII. the Correspondence between
him .and the Court of Directors.
Mr. D. KINNAInn seconded the Amendment.: •
- Mr. HUME (in the absence of Mr. Jackson) dee
fended the motion. He was sorry
.the subject
had been introduced to the Court ; but as it had
been brought forward, he felt if they receded
that a slur would be east.on Mr. Canning as Well
as on the Court of Directors.
Mr. D. KINNAIRD, after what had fallen from
his Hon. Friend, was determined not to seconel
the Amendment ; but as he could, not approve 9f
the original, motion,.he would take no part; one.
way or other, in the division:

An HoN. PROPRIETOR, immediately expressed''
his readiness to second the Amendment.
Mr. PERRY, Mr. TWINING, Mr. S. DIXON, and
Mr. PATTISON, supported the original mOtiop,
which was carried almost unanimously : as —u as
also a subsequent motion—That the Chairman
and Deputy Chairman be directed to transmit
copy of the Resolution to Mr. Canning. e
Court then adjourned. Thi•

lAKSPEARE.

•
A Festival, in honour
our illustrious Poet
------u—
-of
SHAESPEARE, was celebrated at Sunderland last
week, and was most respectably and numerously
attended. After the usual loyal toasts, S. G.
KEMBLE, Esq. (the President) addressed the
meeting in nearly the followiag words Gentle-
men, allow me to thank you for the polite and
elegant manner in which I was invited to preside
on this occasion, aud to express how qrateful it
is to my feelings to see myself surrounded by so
much respectability andtalcont. This is, indeed,
fulfilling the recommendation of Garrick, so
forcibly expressed in his Ode to the,memory of the
great Bard, to whom this festival is dedicated—

To honour your COuntrydo honour to him.'

A festival of this nature has been attempted ht
some of the neighbouring towns, and I had
hoped it would have been annually celebrated ;
but, from sihat cause I know not, the first Meet-
ing, I am sorry to say, was the last Meting ;
and Stmderland is the only town in all this vast
empire that celebrates annually a feast to the
memory of our. immortal Bard. The present, I
believe, is the fourth anniversary—and may it
Continue when those Gentlemen,
,whoso taste
and liberality first patronized and established it,
shall have, in the course of natni.e, retired
To that bourne, from whence no t returns.'
I long have felt a high respect and veneration for
the inhabitants of Sunderland, which I aslure
you is not a little increased by the establishmeitt
of this festival, and which I mustdeclareAs so ho-
nourable to the suggesters and:supporters of.it."
Mr. Kemble then pronounced a warm eulogy to the
memory of Shakspeare, in the course of,which he
took occasion to introduce several select and
beautiful passages from 'this great poet's works,
and coneltakd by giVing ." The memory of the
illustrious bard ;" upon which the assembly arose
and drank it in reverential -silence. .After this
toast, one of the gentlemen amateurs sang." The
Mulberry Tree" in fine style, the•whole company
joining chorus. Several beautiful
and choruses, selected from Shakspeare's works,
were then, performed in a way that at once edve
rapture and delight. The meeting was much, in-
debted to the gentlemen •of the thoatre,.,w4to
afforded every assistance in their power. In the
little air of " Thine am I," written by Burbs,
Mr. Young was loudly encore:; and in; the
catch of " Poor Tommy Day," Mr. Prior, Mr.
Young, a:A one of the gentlemen amateurs, kept
the room in a roar of laughter for. several seconds.
A handsaine piano-forte was placed in the centre
of the fable, and Mr. T. Wright accompanied
he different vocalists in a brilliant hurl tasteful
manner. The dinner was.most.si:lentlid : neither

pans nor expense were .spared" by The worthy
host. and .'hos:ess for the:comfort of their guests,'
and when their '" health" was propo;:eil, " and
thanßs for their exertio►:s," it Was drank e►:thu-
siastically with 3 times 3. ,The companysepar-
ated about 12 o').-keli, " is nwasurti:ess

VISI3ON,MAIL and SPANISH PAPERS.

[RECEIVED THIS 'MORNING.]
14/5110N,Ancu 9.4.--The Sittings of the

'Cortes continue regularly, without presenting
any thing very remarkable or interesting. In
the Sitting of the 16th, the order of the day wan
the Decree for the Abolition of Feudal Rights.
The first- article relates GI personal services.—
Some Deputies spoke of the oppression which,
to their own knowledge, various parts of Portu-
gat.suffered ; for which reason they wished that
all a,ach services, howev.er called, should be abo-
lished. in this debate, Senor Brito observing,
that .these 'Services were founded on the right of
property 3 Senor Bento Pereira do Carmo re-
.
"I do not allow, and never will allow,
'that the Aiberty of man is the patrimony of any
article,' and the second, were re-
ferred back to the Committee.

:The Decree was finally discussed in the Sit-
tine., of the 20t1►, and it was finally passed. An
in:.iet.-Inity is to be allowed for personal services

arising
.f:'om onerous titles.

Senor Guerreiro observed, that on various oc-
ca:sions he had proposed that the events of the
nth Auzust and the 15th September should be
eeclared legal, arid begged a day might be fixed
to discuss the Project and the additions that had
been made to it. One of the Members of the
Cotnmittee said, they had not the necessary do-
curne.nts to decide on the degree of merit of 'the'
various persons engaged in these events. After
some debate, and an impressive discourse_ by
Manuel Antonio de Carvalho, who thought on this
when the inhabitants of the great city of

-.-
Lisbon come to manifest their sentiments of gra-
titude to the Sovereign Congress, it seemed pro-
per to solemnize it by the legitimation of the acts
,on which the salvation of the country had de-
pearled, and to declare those well deserving
who had concurred in those acts, leaving their.
'different services to be classed afterwards. Senor
Guerreiro requested that they should proceed to
the appel nbminal to declare the Acts of the 24th
Aug. and 15th Sept. legal, which was unani-
-mouSli done; there being
.90 Members present.
In the Sittings of the 21st and 23d, the expected
arrival of his Majesty, or some other Members
of the Royal Family, was mentioned', the• Go-.
vernor of the Port of Lisbon' having asked • in-
structions how to proceed in case more than six
. foreign vessels should arrive, and hoW he should
- receive his Majesty. It was resolved, that if his
. Majesty _should be accompanied by foreign ves-
- eels, their entrance into the port might be sus-
, peaded for a few hours, which Would be no.vio-
' elation of any Treaty. :It was asked by some
deputies, what should be done in case his Ma-
jesty, or other Royal personage, should refuse to
lake the oath to the Constitution ; but it was an
improbable case, and as the Cortes had declared
themselves permanent on such an occasion, they
would decide upon it.
MADAID, MARCII.4 0.-7 Our situation begins to
'grow interesting,-because questions of the highest
• interest to the prosperity of this country are now
• 'brought forward. This is the-time to give new.
-and greater interest to the public papers by tak-
ing' part in their important debates and contribut-
. lag to the deciiions of the Weighty affairs, on the
Emil regulation of which the consolidation of our
• liberties essentially depends. 'We cannot refrain
from making some observations on the project of
'the celebrated Vinueia, whose plan of conspiracy
• 'has been read to the Cortes ; it is the most extraor-
dinary monument of stupidity and madness. The
extravagant 'and ridiculous proclamations which
:he forged in the'narne of Kutossi, Hogat, and
-other *creatures of his imagination, are master-
pieces of wisdom compared with the famous plan
of revolution which he meditated. According to
this plan the operation was to commence by the
../iing's laying an unworthy snare for his Ministers
rand Counsellors in orthr to arrest them, with the
assistance oldie Infant Don Carlos. This idea
alone is a proof of the 'bareness. Of the ideas of
the author; for in the first place.it supposes the
'King capable of breaking his most solemn oaths
• arid promises, and then in co-operating in an in.
famous deceit unworthy we will not say of the
nobleinind
.of the King only, but of every man
is
who not loaded with crimes and opprobrium.
*The plot it-seems was to be communicated to none
bet the. King, the Infant. Don Carlos, the Duke de
'lnfant-ado, and the Marquis de Castellos. When
the King had enticed the Minislers• into the*
Square; Don Carlos was to
.enter' at the- head of
a body of the guards, -and arrest therniall; . The
D'ul:e de l'lnfantado was to place himself at the
lead of a battall'on of the guards, stationed at
.Legariei, which, with the regiment of the Prince,
seas to occupy the gates-ef the City and the pub-
lic places, and • invite the people to say Long
lire Religion, the King, and the. Country
Death to the' Constitution !' A new municipal
Junta was to be formed, who were to go in pro-
cession to -overthrow' the Stone of the Constitur
'lion, and' to have that fundamental Statute burnt
-by the. executioner. How could the author of
'the plan conceive that the Infant Don Carlos
would lend himself to sncli, a plan, or that the
Duke de l'lnfantado would have accepted the
once assigned to him, or that lie
.would have
sliCceeded in it if he *had accepted it. . The
a*frore plan, it is evident, could • never be ex-
ecuted, and it is therefore not necessary to ex-
.amine any of it, except the measures which he
says .ought to be adopted, in case of.its.success.
The sum and suhstance of the whole is, that -we
ought to return to 'a state of despotism ; to the.
InquiSition; the .Jesuits, the ethvery, of the-Press,
and the like.—The whole plan and the'Report
of the Conithittee, to whom it. 'vests referred; are
ordered to 'be
.piiiited.----(S4,a7iish Papers-,;
/Lfar..:l4 22.) . .

TIMBER DUTIES.

TO THE RIOIIT HON. THOMAS WALL'iCt,

&v. &c.

Sin.--I take leaie most respectfully to inform you, that in
your speech
_and report to the douse of Commons of the 29th
ult, on .the Timber Trade, as „stated in the Newspapers of
the 30th ult., you.omitted,in your calculations, to make a pro-
vis:ort • for the fifty thousand,mcn and their families, which
your proposed alteration of duties en Timber will deprive of
profitable employment, and reduce to pauperism, viz. ten
thousand seamen, twenty tlecusared shipwrighti and others,
employed in providing and preparing materials fdr the build-
ing, repairing, eqUipping, &c.- of 200 thousand tons-of shipping,
10,000 manufacturers, and 10,000 agriculturists, necessary to
supply them with clothing and food,fiaaking in the whole 50,000.
From your own statement, I cslculate the quantity of Tim-
ber imported from British. America, to be 253 thousand load
per annum ; this will reqiiire'abOut. 200 thousand tons of Bri-
tish shipping; but if that trade were protected, equal to its. alue
to the State, it is fair to conclude, that it might be carried an-
nually to 400 thousand loads of • Timber, including masts and
deals, and which would occupy about 300 thousand tons of
shipping; but, as 1 said before,". make my calculationa from
your own data of 253thpusayd loads, which employ about 200
thousand tons of shipping,. ten thousand seamen, and forty
thousand other persons in this country, 'as aforesaid.; I also
mean to contend, that while our present national burthens re-
main undiminished, no' English ship can profitably compete
with a foreign vessel fn the NOrtherre Timber' Trade, nor can:
a man turned out of profitable
,employment by your proposed
Measures, get"re-employed ina.ny other calling,, while our pre-
sea foreign policy continues, as .we are over. Sull in every
branch of industry throughout the Empire.
The following is, I. presume, a pretty fair statement of. the
consequences of yout.propos:%Valteration in the duties ore Fo-
reign and Colonial Timber, viz.:-- .

FOREIGN Tju3z..72. TRADE DEBTOR TO stnanntrs.
To the LAndi4 Interest,

For depriving it of 50,000 Customers, at £l5
per maxi, including their families, per
annum .£750,000
Less consumed by paupers, including a de-
:duction for a decrease of . population,
caused by the contemplated measures 375,000

375,000
•
For the cost of 0,000 men paupers and their
families at X. 20 each man per annum... 1,000,000
-.-- 1,375,000

To the Manufacturing Interest. •
For depriving it of 50,000 customers ,and e.eix farni-
lies, at 130 each man - 500;000.

To the Mercantile and Shop-keeping Interest.
For depriving them of 50,000 customers for grocery, '
spirits, &e._ at £5 each man and his family
To the State. ,

For the Loss of direct and indirect revenue paid on
ships, their Materials, and on.the provitiOns, ma-
nufactures, groceries, &c. as aforesaid, expended by
50,000 men and their families, forming a part of
the above charges, at about £l5 per man 150;000
For loss of national wealth and political power, at 41 '
per head, through being reduced to pauperism lOO,OOO
For cost of an increase of criminal justice, extra mi-
litary, and police establishments through those
people being turned out of employment r/0,000
National wealth and political pOwer given to our ri-
vaLs to break our heads, and which we must pay
for destroying, at per annum 50,000
Shipping being turned out of employment, at per
annum , lOO,OOO
Loss to the Colonist and the Colonies, and the ex-
pence most probably of a Colonial War, through
our neglecting their interest, say the whole to he
at least per annum w 1,000,000

£4,175,000
•
in twenty peas will amount to the enormous
sum of £83,500,000

' You seem to have considered in your calculations that Foreign
Trade cannot be carried in any State beyond its consumption
and payments:of its consumption, with the exCeption of the
Carrying Trade, and of that valuable property our East India
Charter and American Treaties deprive us, nor do you seem to
make the distinctiOn bet Ween the unnatural Foreign Trade
which supplies us with what we can produce ourselves,(and there-
by turn our own people out of employment) and that natural fo.
reign trade, which supplied us with what we cannot supply our-
selves, and takes in payment our surplus industry, neither do you
seem to make the profitable employment of our people in the ag-
gregate the ground-work of our prosperity, nor do you seem to cal-
culate that an interest is valuable to the State in the proportion
to the agency- which it creates, to give profitable employment to
our.people, end that the less capital-it requires to put 'a power-
ful agency in
.motion the more value is: such property to the
State.' This is the case with our Colonial Timber Trade still
the Statesman- who omits to make those enlculations must al-
ways be Wandering for -correct data on which to found good
measures for promoting his country's welfare.—Perhaps the
folloWing extract from the United States' President's speech,
just received, will convince you and your colleagues of your
errors (as relates to your foreign policy,) mote than a practical
pattiotie'Erigliihmen Can do :--,".Without :relying altogether
on the precarious resources of Foreign Commerce, I am satis-
fied that internal Duties and Excies, with corresponding
ports on Foreign articles of the same kind, would, without • irn-•
posing any serious burthen on the people, enhance the price of
produce, promote our manufanfitres, and augment the Revenue,
atthe same that they made it more aeCure and permanent."---
The President saes the„value' of •carrying Trade .to hiS coup
try, which it enjoys, and of whichOnitaSt India Charter and
American Treaties deprive us. Still he is too wise to depend
on
.precarious Foreigie ,Comeneree,
„beyond what necessity
demands. Lk' our Mizasteri do the same;andiiiir Country
will soon rise to prosperity. And I have to add, . that I was
surprised that the ghost of the late great WM. Prrx, the great
Father, the great ME evieex, his late colleague, and
.the late
great NELSON, did not riie up-ih battle array, and in an atti-
tude "Of defenee,,when you pronounced the words " that we had
fifty thousand seamen more than were necessary," and spoke of
destroying them and raising them again, as if that could be
done with as much ease as a man would set up a- pack of, nine.
pins, to knock dawn and put up again. The ground-work Of.
this very ship-ping interest occupied the anxious care and eker-
cised the wisdom of our forefathers for ages, to the great ex-
Pence of the nation: And are all to he destroyed by a dash of
a pen, for the purpose of making experiments on a theory that
neve: existed in practice, but among Barbarians, and in the
minds of its authors ? For, why should we not have fifty thou-
sand seamen more now than in 1792, when we are one-third
more poPulour,; and leave four times more national debt to paY,
which requires four times more active• bees to gather- honey for
the State, and why should shipping or any other property of
the British Empire fe.el distressed, when our sources of wealth
require five times our present population, ,and five times
our Present idle shipping to do them justice. I, as a prac-
tical, mane_ cannot see why, it should be so, when the simple
act of protecting ,every property Oainst: foreign competition, is
adegfkeinal.te) Wiittlei-deave no Indus-
trieurraan withotit. employ:ire:lt., 'Your theory will do only
for ayorld which has but mieitgo,rernment,,!Vhere the burthen
of. the State-is eqn.a.ll7 divided Ong peopie,.(aad for that

Paris Papers of Monday reached us this dayi
. ,
The entry of the Austrians into Naple,s'is"said
to have taken place on the 23d, by. Virtue of the
Convention executed on that day, to which-we
alluded yeffirday, and the war in:that quarter
of Italy is novrterminated. The intelligence from
. ,
Piedmont is not of so late a date. as our commu-
nication published yesterday, but gives-a -very
different representation of the state of affairs at
Turin. A. few days will decide to which tirte-
ment most credit is due. The Report; .of the.
Special Committee of the Spanish Cortes on the
State of the Nation will be perused with consid-
erable interest. The following are extract's,:--:-

" PARIS, Arm'. 2.

" The accounts from Niples which have.sqc-
cesSively arrived for some days at Paris,. were of
so strange dnature, and pfesented so many cop-
tradicationszand. incoherences, that the distrust
theynaturallyexcited necessarily produced re-
serve in publishing. them: Now, however, all
doubts aro removed
.the Neapolitans have
opened
,their gates to the Austrian, and yester-
day a'Sdiiii=official journal announced, on the
authority of alelegraphic di4ttch, that the Aus-
trians',entered Napleg on the 23d of last month'.
This wasian-inevitahle consequence of the con-
vention of Capu4. The details, the first causes
of'this' dennudinent,,.are :not yet known ; but the
facts and yegutts are. suglcfent to snake. them be
conjectured. The events, of Piedmont present

id.c.ettain respects the same 0b.1.-ctirity which for
some time enveloped the affairs of Naples.
" Dispatches arrived yesterday to the Neapo-
litan Ambassador brought him the intelligence
that the fatnous Pepe, the insurgent General,
bad—embarked • on. the 21st on board of vessels
prepared . for his flight, caurving with him
2(10,060 Neapolitan ducats. ...Et is thus that
those ,revolutionary chiefs, those magnanimous
patriots; when they have -thrown their country
into confusion,, and drawn down vengeance on
their accomplices, fly, and carry with them the
spoils of the country they have bctrayed.--(Ga-
%cite (le France.)
" The Low Journal of the 29th contains the
following statement:—Accounts arrived here an-
nounce that the Prince Regent has returned to
'Turin at the head of the troops commanded by
General Latour, and that. the irmurgents ,have
thrown themselves into the citadels of Turin and
Aleiandria. It is added, that the wishes of the
nation recall Victor Emmanuel to his capital...
earthquake which lately made such
,dreadful l'avage-s in the island of ,ante, was
also felt .in n
the Peninsula of the Mores. The
town of. ,
Lala; it
.is said, has be;en completely,
de.stroyed, and more than 500. persons . have
Venshed under the. ruins. Several other towns
Oa, VilL ges have be,en ravaged,, and a great num-
bOef lives hive been lost. In .the town of Pyr-
gAi 300116:uses . thrown .'d.nivu. The earth-
quake listed several days,. and every any-violent
shocks succeeded each' other' after, intervals of a
few hours.

".Yesterday,afteimass, the `'King held 11 leiree-.-1
Among those 'present we particularly' remarked.l
Prince Talleyrand, the Duke of Dalmatia, the
Prince of Eckmuhl, Count Jourdan, and the
Marquis of Viornenil.
" The following t 4 proclamation issued by
the Governor -of Genoa, which occasioned the
disturhances in that place :

: You have giVen me siich.fiattering proofs of your confi-
dence, that I ought not tolie;:itate to make known to you with
equal confidence the great events of the day, and to instruct you
on your true interests:

" The Duke of Genevois has issued the following declara-
tion, to which that Prince has enjoined me to give the -greatest
publicity. • •
" The Prince of Carignan° has also informed me, that,
moved by the sentiments of honour and fidelity which distin-
guish him, he had fully conformed to every thing- which the
said declaration directs :

. :44-0 -Genoese ! you may congratulate yourselves on the good
order yoti -have' maintained-, and on your submission to the
Authoriti'eS. YouihaVe thereby acquired the right of expecting
those iiwards of Sovereign munificence which will not fail to be
bestowed upon you. •

" The tranquillity and inoderatiOn you have always preserv-
ed, and ft-6m ;athic4i I hope you never 'will deviate, induce me to
believe that we shall be spared the necessity of foreign co-opera-
tien, and the entrance within :theSe walls of the allied army al-
ready ass-2mbled on the frontieri of the kingdom.
" Aid me, and your maritime commerce will not beiinter-
rupted ; tour flag Willbe respected and I Shall have the satis-
faction cf seeing yoit happy.
• . (Signed). " Count DES GENEYS.

a Genoa, March 21."
The aeclalvion„g the ing Charls T'elic was addati to this
Ptcxlaznation.

(SAnttrtA), AlAam

I'EXIIiRACT OF A PIaVATE LET.TER.I

" The Revolution which has overthrown, during the 154ays
which are just concluded, that Monarchy which it so dear to us,
cannot,be compared to any other. It has been recognised nei-
ther by the people on whom its leader's reckoned, nor by the
army .which they have in vain sought .to Mislead. Four days
after it had commenced they proved unable to divert its course.
-The revolution has already' turned against them. Events which
the'y'did not suppose possible--the resistance of the Kiag—his
refusal to receive la* from his subjects-:-the firm and bold mea-
sure of his" abdication—changcd the situation of our affairs.

" TheDuchY of Savoy has remained at 'pettee, a stranger to
all the public troubles: The city of Chamberry has been me-
naced by the want' of discipline in some of the troops, whose
superior officers have always maintained the most prudent con.
duct,. but• who Viere seduced by the deceitful promises of the
Albeit= officers, entirely gained by the deteitful prothises of
the Conspirators. tut the prudence of our Governor, Count
Ab-dezeno, in removing these disaftbcted troops, has saved us
Picini the dangers that menaced us. Yesterday the brave chtii-
setirs of Savoy were itssestbleti, when the Governor read to them
the Proclamation of. the Duke of Genevois, amidst repeated
cries of -Live the King,' and the acclamations of the people.
" Orders haVe been issued to assemble at Chamberry
.the
provincial contingents of . the brigade of Savoy. At the head
of thOe troops the Governor is confident, not only that he will
Be able to maintain order in SavOy, but also that he will render
iniricrtant service to the.xoyal cause.

,t‘ It is gratify,ing to be able to state, thitt-all those personwho-
nour4 by the, King with his esteem and confidence have rival-
led the zeal and activity of our Governor. All have shown
themselves faithful to. their duty, and to their oaths. Among
the citiAensno one hes-attempted to withdraw his 'obedience to
law ul authority; •

" Thus, after 15 days of troubles, our country, so severely
menaced, resumes its peace and its repose. The revolters,
--without hoi4; 'Without resources, possess only the citadels of
•.Slessandria, in which they have "shut up soldiers of
arms, driven from them by the mass of their brethren in
'rairi; and some students, whose enthusiasm will soon be ex-
tinguished by fatigue and privation, as well at by their foresight
of the lot that awaits them."

• " FRANKFORT, MARCH 27.
[EXTRACT. OF A PRIVATE LETTER.]

4.‘ The arrival of Price Hardenberg at Rome
was so unexpected, that his carriages were com-
pelled to wait for four hours-in the place d'Es-
pagne before suitable accommodation could be
found for the first Minister of the Prussian Mo-
nnrchy. M. Niebuhr, the Prussian Minister ac-
credited at Rome, was ignorant of the arrival of
Prince Hardenberg until he saw him. ;The
Chancellor has held long conferences.. with M.
Niebuhr and with M. Ramdohr, Prussian Mi.
nister,to the King of Naples, who was also, in
. It is presumed that the object of Piince
Hardenberg is to obtain: just notions of the actual
situation.of the capital of the Two Sicilies. lie
has, also conferred frequently with Baron Stein,
so well known for his former hatred to Buona-
-parte when at the height of his.power. All these
circumstances induce the belief.that Prince Har-
denbeig is fulfilling a political mission of an im-
portant nature; for it i‘ difficult to imagine, that

at his ac2:o and at tilts season, he furs - undertaken
.so long a juurriey from motives of pleasure alone.

" VIENNA, MARcu 22.

• " The troubles'of ‘Valiachia have rendered pre-
cautionary measures necessary on the part of our
Government. Orders have been given to fortn.a
corps of observation on the frontiers. The -regi-
ment of imperial hussars which was at Temeswar
has already marched for that destination. All
the corps of the Austrian army are about to be
placed on the footing of active service. Our So-
verehyn's intention is to terminate the war as
speedily as possible. The forces which we shall
have in Italy in three weeks will amount to
150,000 men, and-will, besides, be reinforced' by
Russian troops. There is now no longer any
doubt on the success. of our arms in the kingdom
of Naples. The resistance of the enemy was
faint and insignificant on every point. The corps
of the Prince. of •Ilesse Hornbourg had no Or ca-
sion to fight. All the prisoners which were takers
afterwards sent ..to their homes. It appears
certain that Baron Frirnont hae. orders not to
con:mence hostilities, and, in fact, the Neapoli-
tans attacked the first. •

' " The events in Piedmont have produced here a
very alarming sensation; and have rnrale our funds
fall very considerably., The preparations for war
are redoubled, rind. it is !kflirtned that 40,000 fresh
troops have Teceived-"ortii!rs'lO inarch for 1 tai y.
A 11 the disposable forces at Venice and in Lom.
bairdy 'have been sent forwt.rd•to Him.

GC A Russian courier from lincitart.st, going to
Laybach, states that the insurrection in Walachia
had 'extended to-MOldavia, and that both these
Principalities had implored the' assistance of
Russia.

" MADRID, IViAr.em 23.
The Special Conunittee.of the COrtes appolikt-
ed to consider of the intern Al-security of the na-
tion has made a report, throu,:;h the medium of
Senor Calatrava, of which the following is the
substance :

44 A systematic series of plots exist for the over-.
throw of the constitution.' These plots are die
reeted by a Supreme Junta, under which are
secondary juntas. Central points for similar
plots have been established by Spanish refugees,
particularly at Bayonne and at Paris in the rue
de Richelieu. Many rich members of the
clergy take part in this coespiracy. It has skew',
itself openly on three occasions :-1. In the
month of June last, when it was attempted to
disturb the Session of the COrtes. 2. In the
month of November, during the residence of the
'King-at the Escurial. 3. At the commencemeot
of the present Session on the dismissal C of tinnis-
ters who had evinced so much zeal in the rnaiete-
nance of the new institutions.' The obfect
these plots is the re-establishment of absolute
power. It was proposed .'among the conspirators
to take possession of his Majesty's person, or eve'
to set up another in his place. The late Minis-
ters had traced, out all these machinations, and it
was on that account that their going out of (Alice
was proclaimed as a triumph by the evil dispese'h
But the plans of the conspirators have hithert°
proved abortive, in consequence of the excellent
spirit of the army and the national m7litia•
46 Among.the docuthents in support of this re-
pail is a plan ofaeounter-revolutian, in the hoPti-
writing of Vinuesa, and one: of his,,,vising. This
plan was to be communicated only to the King,
the Infant Don Carlos, the Duke del Infantadot
and the Marquis of Ca.stellar. The .ling was t`'
be prevailed upon to convoke suddenly all t,"e
late Ministers, the. Captain general, anti to
Counsellors of State ;' and when 'they were `s'
sembled, Don Carlos was to enter 'with a part 0f
the body guards and arrest them all. The Dul‘le
del Infantado was to place himself at the het"
of a battalion of the guards cantoned at L,e;
Banes; which, with the Prince's regiment,
ie
Colonel of which was favourably. disposed, 11.3'
to. occupy the city gates and the public place`-to
These troops were then to instigate the people
calls Religion and the King!' and," Death to tt,
Constitution lt A new municipal guard was te to
Immediately formed to March, in procession
Constitutional-square, and pull down the /aPte.,
(i.stone erected in commemoration of the es
to
blishment of the constitution). No person %,1
to be alloWed to leave Madrid, but couriers
detachments were to be sent to. the provittL'
with the necessary orders, &c.
:te,
"'With regard to the Liberals, they Were
reo,
cording to Vinuesa' 'plan,. to be all ar'
ed and divided into ':threit classes. T1)0;1 0
the first class were to be capitally punished
guilty of high treason ;.those of the second woo,
to be banished or imprisoned ; those of a to
third Were to be' pardonetL' With -regar ,re
the afrancesedos, corresponding` measure /stio-00
.'to be 'adopted. Viniaesa' trfterWa.rda roen."„,
the Bishop of Ceuta as a fit person 'to draw 1.,1r0g
kind of justificatoi.r manifesto. Every tin`',
was to be established on the footing, of IS`2°',e'd
cept that the King would convoke Cortes for',
of States General (Bstarnetitos). Vinuesa
serves, There are inconveniences as well al or
vantages in this plan. The lives of his Maiehd
and Don Carlos may be" put to hazard ; btit torif
must trust in Divine Provideoce,: and 01"..c Ltd
they are capable of .bravieg danger, and
of wielding the sceptre,'. &c..
" The report'states that the two militarY c
on the co-operation of which. the Whole Pa" 'lO
pended, do not in any.,reSpeet participate t t
sentiments of Vinuesa.
"The Committee afterwards proPosod
tes to thank the army and the militia for the.! thfaltve
ful attachment to th 1
e Constitution ; to '4st,e4tn•ee,
:
report on the, proMpt administration of
to accelerate the sale of national property-, flit.
_
the suppression of convents; to call upon thea
vernment to submit a plan of g chiefs eneral.secwity of
police ; to require 'from the political lo
ed:
t
the provinces information respecting. the "mr`
of the Bishops. to tile
and to be sold to the public at a low price•
secret sitting afterwards took place."'
tji
" The Cortes ordered the report to be print

NPLES. -
The following Proclamation is said to lave
been issued immediately after the signature o'
the Convention of Capua:— •,t
Nenpoliians !—The time comes-File" •-
not only the interest and the dutyof 'all good 50/1