The Sun.
London, England, 1828-09-05 00:00:00

THAMES TUNNEL.

The following letter on this subject has been
addressed to the Editor of the Liverpool
Albion :---

" May I beg a corner in your interesting Paper to
direct the attention of our merchants and capitalists
to that great national work, the Tunnel under the
Thames ! Amongst the extraordinary undertakings
that will stamp a character upon the age in which
we live, perhaps this will stand pre-eminent; and
it will be a disgrace to Englishmen to suffer it to
languish for want of funds.
" The usual excuse, that the Londoners do
nothing for us, will no longer avail as an apology for
our neglect of this great project, since Government
has now enabled us to commence a building which
Avill, in extent and beauty, vie with any other in the
world. Upon this ground, then, the friends of the
Tunnel have a just claim upon us for our support.
But it is to those who are accustomed to act on
more substantial grounds that I principally make
this appeal, feeling confident that they will hardly
resist an argument founded as well on their own in-
terest as upon national honour and utility.
" To those Gentlemen I would say, that the
Thames Tunnel will make an ample return of inte-
rest for any money that may be expended on its
completion. The amount already expended is only
about 175,0001, and reckoning upon that data, and
not upon any original estimates, it may be completed
for about 200,000/. more. Let us take, for conve-
nience sake, the round sum of 400,000/. as the whole
cost, the interest of which is 20,0001. per annum,
and then inquire whether or not the tolls of the
Tunnel will produce that sum.
" The Tunnel will be the great thoroughfare be-
tween the Grand Surrey Canal and the Commercial
Docks, which are situated near its mouth, on the
side of the river, and the London and St. Katha-
rine Docks, which are similarly situated on the other,
and will be us necessary a communication as the Old
Dock Bridge used to be, when the latter formed
the passage between the north and south docks of
Liverpool.
" But I apprehend that even this representation
will give hut an inadequate idea of the traffic that is
likely to be drawn to the Tunnel, owing to its cen-
tral situation ; a more just ground for forming a!'
opinion may be obtained from the following_ !t:tn.;..
rnent. By accounts laid before the House f
11,i l-
the traffic over London Bridge, if liable to
lowing tolls, would have been—
s. d.
mons, it appeared that the receipts for ou doav
elf
d.
8 9
0 --
For foot passengers 69,610 at.o ea"h ********* 3733 1° °
W 769-laggons
Carts .2,924 —0 8 62 0 0
Coaches 1,210 ---1
Gigs Si. taxed carts 485 —0 U
Horses . .........
704-0 3
Makli6,
an-
nually
" Now, us a very considerable number of these
passenge
rs and vehicles must necessarily go to the
above.4,„ined docks, either on one side of the river
o
r on the ether, and'as the Tunnel will be
the
most
direct passage they can take, and will enable m
y
gons and carts to make two_ or three journeys a da
,instead of one, which many of tliem
are now only
!able to make, it is bt:t fair to say, that even without
2ng46ao/d.a Silsy revenue of .5 93 / . Is. 10d., or .

CAMBRIDGE
S.C.L. has beeriSa
George Walter Wrangham, Mag-
dalene To
appointed aßiFeehlalort Co
fr.oTflt:iCaihatywHilaelrl:
The Rev.
College, has.been collated; through lapse, by
the-Archbishop of York, to' this rectory of -Thorpe
Bas Set, near Melton, Yorkahlre,
Oacantliy the ccs-
-sion-of the Archdeacon •of Cleveland; and has also_
been appointed chaplain -to the Duke of Montrose,
Lord Chamberlain.
The Right Hen. the Berl of Leven and Melville
has appointed the Rev. Watson Joseph -Thornton,
M.A. of Trinity College, to be one of his Lordship's
domestic chaplains.
Theßev. John Shaw, curate of March, has been
appointed, by the Chancellor' of the Diocese of Ely,
a Surrogate for the glinting of marriage licences,probates of wills, &c.
The health 'of the Rev. Chnsopber Benson is rn-far restoredlty b late journey to the 'Continent; as
enable. b' AQ-ttrape duties as Master of the
Temple, 'I
~commenced his term of residence as
[Prebendary. oeWoricater Cathedral this week.

NAVIGIATION, ,
" There is flotilla; new ender the 'eon." '
This adage is as Old as the time of Solomon',
It' s probable that many ages before the exist-
ence of the King of the -Jews, attempts ware
made in machines to breathe and navigate in the
depth of the sea and rivers. The hooka which
speak of such experiments have been destroyed
by the flames of conquests, or submerged by the
floods of inundations ; all which has been written
on the subject applies tothe effort of the present
day. The most ancient writer of antiquity who
mentions it, is the preceptor of .Alexander.
Aristotle, speaking of sub-marine navigation,
alludes to. the use of bells or corizentusm Au-
thors who wrote sixteen hundred years after the
death of the son of Philip, say that the vanquisher
of the son of Darius navigated under water.
That which seems most probable is, that in the
13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries, they have
constructed in a,chines or boats for sub-marine navi
(ration, and that the inhabitants of the Ukraine,
to avoid the attacks of the Turkish galleys, con-
structed large pirogues, by the aid of which they
concealed themselves _under water.
In 1664 Pere Afersanne published au essay
upon diving boats, which preserved communica-
tions with the surface of the water, and twenty
years later a vessel was constructed at London,
by Cornelius-Van Drebble, for twelve rowers and
a great number of passengers. King James 'was
to take a place among them. A liquid, of
which the author alone knew the composition,
gave to air vitiated by respiration the quality of
vital air. Unfortunately the author died with
his secret. There was also a sub-marine vessel,
seventy-two feet in length, built at Rotterdam in
1665,-by -a Frenchman. The plan. of building
and directing this vessel, which, according to the
inventor, might destroy a numerous fleet, has
not been known. The man who possessed it
never gave the important information to the world.
.An incendiary diving or, plunging boat was
constructed' in 1776, by David lruschel, an in-
habitant of Connecticut. The movement of this
boat was governed by the screw of Archimedes.
That of Fulton, built at Brest in 1801, upon the
same principle ; the Nautilus, in which the
brothers Coessin made an experiment at Havre in
1809 ; and several others, induced the learned
Commissioners of the Institution to decide that
they were sot at liberty to 'entertain doubt upon
the. possibility of establishing sub-marine navi-
gation.
A project was entertained some years since for
carrying eft' Napoleon Bonaparte frOm
Helena ; that plan was conceived by Mr. 'Min.
son, a captain in the English merchant service.
A ship, the largest of all' that had been built for
sub-marine navigation (it was 100 feet in length),
was to receive the prisoner of Sir Hudson Lowe.
Mr. Johnson hat' preiiously built five boats,
which he navigated during several hours under
water in the Thames ; but all these vessels were
made upon the plan of Fulton and Buechel.
Messrs. de Monger), and Castera, in their con-
structions, which were intended to promote the
art of war, followed the plans pursued by others.
The system of sub-marine 'navigation, for
so a oe
ifng wateritsel
f uponreci arior,
which M. Baudenin des Andelys obtained a
at its statet
he w ofl
o t
patent, is quite new. It is founded upon the
at-
mospheric
dilatation, and of the air upon the
the sub-marine pilot. The principal material
with which M. Baud • 1. himself is .
1111.apteiresds
Baudouin supplies imse
By a simple process, easy of execution, he can
compress that element, (so eminently elastic),
and in a vase of the capacity of a cubic foot, be
retains sixty feet of respirable air.
We do not give a description of the diving
boat with-the calque for the -diver; the barrels
for salvage :and other machirres,as. simple as.
iii-
genious, -and which have-, fixed the attention of
the' Minister of Marine, because the .-
machines
will continue open.topublie-inspeotico! until the
middle of next month: We entire agree in the
o hinklfiat this discovery
inion of
opens rsOnt who t
which- pe
to man' the gates
of an element
hitherto inaccessible to his fact, will operate iu
the -moral as dell as the physical world most
--Constitution ;tel.
portant changes-

/3 ft A S",' 101
fließer-sl„l"l:;—"thWisehroisttauticiocni
each
hi
enjoyed
jeoeyked,
nr ay, and what with
hitherto characterised the housing, as well as a quantum
a„.f, of air and exercise, made tip as otior
nothing, andand healthy
establitdmietat as any in the ze
"1
The fret appeared to
us happily illustrative r INorth. 0. the sort of success which has
Branches of the Bank of Eng-
land, was, indeed, only es
an
itiaid•leoxthintog,
tfliti6,, and il
House, that we describe the seehulsinweT:h whi transactedeh one_
la,taif this.of
the gentlemen belonging to it are always employed in doing
igti o ,
nva
,o,
1,,t :
here
i,t
.._,(h ,
rie i
ed a
as
ss
the other half helping them in that labori-
onn task. Personal offence to those Ministers of the Bank
of England, whether in or out of the Cabinet, we could
mean none, and are now disclaithe i
HI imputation ; for in-
dividually and collectively we entertain the moat sincere
respect fin. the whole body, and the greatest regard 1.,.r.
their personal welfare. If more of their time is spent in
recreation and social enjoyment than in discounting bilis
and serving over the counter, it is not their fault, but the
fault of the concetn, on which they are so well 9ualified to
confer honour anii fame. Neither can it affect us, whether
this skeleton establishment be to the duties to be per-
formed, in the ratio of two to ono,--but we again say, that
the experiment has failed, both from its unsuitableness to
the banking habits of this neighbourhood, and from the
universal detestation among the public, for a project so
wantonly intrusive, and so obviously the offspring of that
over-teaching monopoly, that in every thing distinguishes
the Bank of England.".--Leeds intelligencer.
WPerell a‘‘e."etki.s'e

THE FOREIGNERS.

(From, the Plymouth Journal of yester4v. ) •
Plymouth has for some time presented an
appearance of unusual bustle in consequence of
• the presence of the Russians and 13011%.'11€3e,
who having nb occupation, pass the day chiefly
in lounging'about the streets, walking to and fro
in pairs. or Arich,l'or standing in groups, while
their:ourre 'appearance, the animation of their
manger, and earnestness of their gestures attract-
ing the'atfention of the more phlegmatic John
• Bull; draW about -them a host of gazers. The
nritecipal streets have consequently the air of
some greutscommercial mart," some place, where
inerehants most do . congregate." It is not,
however, all mere show, for the strangers have
really Made quite a harvest for the shopkeepers.
. Every shop is more or less visited by them
and some are' thronged all day. Business
has received 'a considerable impetus, and a
good deal of money has been put into cir-
, culation. Both the Russians and Portuguese
have a habit which is very affronting to Eng-
lish tradesmen—when told the price of any
article, they. offer sometimes less but never more
than about one-third of the sum demanded. This,
as well as•ettili part of their dealings, they ma-
nage. ntort by signs than words, for few of them
speak t nglish. For instance, when the price
;raked is three shillings, they hold up one in token
of offer; being informed by a 'shake of the head
that this offer will not do, they hold up another
shilling, and/so on till they can make a bargain.
This huxtering is, however, not intended as an
affront, but is the effect of experience gathered
in other lands, where to be a stranger is to be
plundered. The prices being hicessarily greater
then they are accustomed' tO,.lnay also, perhaps,
incline them at first to suspect imposition, but
they cannot remain long in England withoUt
discovering that the national character of the
British' tradesman, and the principle- upon
which he carries on business, render such
suspicion unnecessary. For the honour of the
Plymouth tradesmen, we have bereat pleasure in
saying that although we have diligently inquired
and have ample weans of ascertaining, we have
not heard of this proper character and principle
being departed from in a single instance ; and
we feel proud in being able confidently to say,
that the foreigners at present amongst us have
been f:::,r1--
y and honourably dealt with. Such in-
-I.eed as it is the duty is also the interest of our
shopkeepers, for to deserve a character for rapa-
ciousness would be to frighten all foreigners from
the port ; and if we knew a case of the kind,
our sense of justice, duty, and self-interest,
would not allow us to shrink from holding it up
to public censure. - Let foreigners know that
they are certain of fair dealing in Plymouth, and
the good effects cannot fail to be felt in the in-
crease of shipping to our poi t. We have said that
but few of the strangers speak English, but this is
meant to only apply generally. Some of the
officers, both Russian and Portuguese, speak the
language fluently, and there are amongst them
some good interpreters ; many of them speak
French. The Russians are fine hardy-looking
men, but they have rather asi uncouth unpolished
appearance. The Portuguese, on the contrary,
though some of them are, from recent misfor.
tunes, squalid and meanly dressed, are generally
fine, handsome, genteel-looking men, with
sparkling eyes, and intelligent faces, to which
their dark complexions, and abundant muss
tachios and whiskers, give a very interesting chas,
racter. Both Russians and Portuguese have
conducted.themselves since they haVevbeen herei,
in the most irreproachable manner. The nums
hers of the latter are very great, and they occupy:
nearly all the lodging-houses in the town. Such
of them as came here without money, have been
supplied by the Brazilian Authorities. The Rus-
sians will leave in a few days, but how long time
Portuguese may remain is uncertain. Their
destination is, as we have before stated, Rio de
Janeiro.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

PLYMOUTIT, SEPT. 4 —The Procris, 10, Com-
mander C. 11. Paget, sailed on Monday, to proceed
to the Cove of Cork ; and the Bramble cutter, went
out of harbour and anchored at St. Nicholas' Island.
commander John Lyons, took command of his
Majesty's sloop Jaseur, on Sanday, to tit out it is
believed for the East India station.
The Char Constantine, Russian, 71, was towed
into the Sound from Barn Pool, on Tuesday fore-
noon, in fine style by the powerful steam-ship
Thames, W. Dolman, commander.
The Emerald (tender to the Semiramis at Cork);
carne in during Monday night from that place; the
Pylades, 18, Commander P. D. H. Hay, from the
Experimental squadron to the westward, having
sprung her bowsprit ; and the Al row cutter, 10,
Lieut. Brooking, from Portsmouth, with a crew for
the
_Snipe cutter, ordered to be equipped as a tender

to the Victory at that port, came in .0-12 Tuesday.

The Falcon, 10, Commander Pole, is expected
here daily from Spitlread, on her way to the Cape
of Good Hope.
The Trineulo, 18, Commander T. Bennett, ar-
rived yesterday from the Cove of Cork, to be docked,
repaired, and rigged as a ship. She left Cove on
the 28th ult., and will return to that station when
ready for sea.
The Meteor bomb, moved from Harnoaze to Barn
Pool yesterday, for the purpose of having the live
shells put on board of her.
lii Hamoaze—Windsor Castle, Pyratmisl Jaseur,
Goldfinch, Sparrow, Antelope, Arrow, and Emerald
In the Sound—Pylades, Trinculo, Britomart,
Leveret ; and Constantine, Vladimir, Emanuel,
Olga, Alexandra, Maria, and Revel, Russians.
Mr. Thomas Barnes, having been reinstated in
his rank as surgeon of the Royal Navy, which he
had previously resigned, will proceed to join the
Ganges, 84, on the South American station.
Lieut. T. Knox, of the Pyramus, is appointed to
the Pallas, fitting out at Portsmouth.
Commander John Lyons (1814), Mr.
William
Reeve, Purser, Mr. Robert Austin, Surgeon, Mr.
R. Birtwhistle, Assistant-Surgeon, and Mr. Robert
Froughton, Master, are appointed to the Jasenr, 18,
fitting at this port for foreign service.
PaomoTtoNs.—Commander Jas. Polkinghornc,
(1814) to the rank of Captain.—Lieut. John F.
Appleby, to the rank of Commander : this officer
has been twelve years in the command of the tender
to the flag-ship at Ports Mouth, and bears honourable,
testimonials from tiye Commanders-in-Chief, of his
zeal, ability, and perseverance; he has been particu-
larly active in the capture of smugglers; Lieut. W.
Walker (1811) Knight of the Tower and Sword,
to the rank of Commander.

APPOINTMENTs.—Lieut. W. G. Buchanan, Se-
miratnis ; Licut. J. W. Montagu, Britomart ; Licut.
AV. Shortland, of the Melville, to the Galatea, rice
Richards, promoted ; Lieut. the Hon. B, Sinclair,
to the:Melville ; Lieut. F. Riardet, of the-Trocrig to
he ettpernumerary Lieutenant of the Jiarnilies, and
Lieut. W. B. M'Clintock, is appointed to the Pro-
cris, vice Lieut. Riardet ; Mr. John Mein, from the
Royal Naval Hospital, (late of his. Majesty's ship
Genoa,) is appointed Assistant-Surgeon of the
Royal George yacht. Portsmouth—Mr. Thomas
Skardon Taylor, also from the Royal. Naval Hos-
pital, is appointed .A.sistant-Surgeon of his Ma-
jesty's packet Hope, at Falmouth—Mr. Hoskin, (of
the Samarang,) is promoted to the rank of Lieute-
nant, and appointed to the Etna bomb, in the Me-
diterranean.