The Sun.
London, England, 1821-04-27 00:00:00

GENOA.

ACCOUNT OF THE REVOLUTION AT GENOA.
PININ
',From " Tams" of this Morning.]
On the 15th of March, after a long delay, the
GOvernor of Genoa published a Proclamation,
announcing that at Turin the Spanish Constitu-
tion was proclaimed, and that the King Victor
Etrart9,uel had abdicated, appointing the Prince
of
,Carignano Regent of the7Kingdom. By the
same pioclamation the Spanish Constitution was
given to •the Genoese, and received with great
joy .by:All the inhabitants. Every thing remained
quiet at Genoa : it even appeared that the Ge-
noeSe, were willing to remain spectators of the
struggle between Piedmont and the common
en:..rnv of Italy, Austria ; when, on the. '2 1 t , a
fresh Manifesto was published, aS: coining from
the new King, Carlo Felix, calling the patriots
rebeh; ; and threatening them with the vengeance
-of God and the Allies, if they did not return to
the ancient system ; but without a word of am-
nesty. T-osthis was joined a proclamation from
the, Governor, praising the Genoese for their
former tranquillity ; and threatening, if they did

not continue it, to call in the Austrians. It was
obsetirely-added, that the Prince Regent had al-
. ready conformed to the King's pleasure. As
• soon as this Alanifesto appeared, there was heard
its every part of the city a sullen voice of
indig-
nation: -Twenty students 'ran • tumultuously to
the Governor's palace, and forcing him to grant
.them-au audience,, demanded--the new Constitu-.
to.ri, the-national guard, and the Regent's letter:.
Two of their demands the Governor absolutely
refused : as to the civic -guard, he promised they-
should be satisfied. ..On receiving this - answer,
the students sallied forth, and, assisted by the
citizens, disarmed almost all the guards, who
, were soon replaced in great numbers; and the
Governor himself ,proceeded on foot to the pa 7
lace, to bold a Council, followed by-great crowds
-execrating him, and .throwing stones. Some tu-
mult continued all night, but no serious disturb-
ance occurred. The next day two regiments sup-
posed-to- be disaffected, the marines and the Sa-
duzzo regiment, were shut up in their quarters.,
Military law was proclaimed, and a strong guard'
planted in every part of the city : on the Ponte
Reale, opposite the Exchange, the cannon, loaded
with grape shot, were turned towards the city
and. the soldiers had orders to fire on the least
alarm. In the meanwhile the Genoese preserved
a stern and resolute silence, the constant fore-
runner of a storm in Italy : it was generally said
tl-at the city was sold to the Austrians, but that
they should buy it dearly. At night, on some
slight alarm, a pistol was fired near the Geyer-
. roes palace, on which the cannon began firing;
and there being none of the citizens in the square,
fourteen soldiers were killed, and some others
wounded. On the morning of the 9.-3 d the same
appearance continued in the city : the. Gover-
nor's emissaries were. at work sowing dissentions
between the soldiers and the people, and be-
tween the different regiments: on the other hand,
a party of 50 students, who, having given a dinner
. to 50 officers in. honour of the Constitution, were
marked for vengeance, and were eager to increase
.the number of their adherents. was at last
resolved upon to quell the approaching revolt by
tie sword, when at l 2 o'clock a cry of " Long
dive the Constitution" was heard near the square`
of the Exchange, shouted forth by the Marines.
The guard before the Palace presented their
bayonets ; but at this moment the officer corn-
inanding them was puShed against the wall by
faur Genoese, -who, presenting a. pistol at his
throat,' whispered in French-7" ' Long live the
Constitution,' and make your soldiers do the same
or'you are a dead Man.". The officer replied by
instantly obeying the order; his example was
folloWed by his troops, 'who threw down their
arms, after firing a feu de joie, and embraced the
people, who, assisted by the corps of marines,
seized on the Ponte Reale, and turned the can-
non again towards the sea. Another -party
rusheti into the Palace, and were dragging the
Governor down stairs with loud execrations, when
two young Genoese- Merchants, named Pera-
ivallo and Chiaeculugo, forced their way through
the crowd, and taking hold of the Governor, led
him in safety to the house of Chiacculugo, on
the Piazza Campetto, where, under the-bayonets
of the self-constituted national guard, who had
taken possession of the arms at the arsenal, and
amidst the shouts of an immense populace de-,
warding his head, he signed a paper Tesigning
his authority into .the. hands of a Junta, , all Ge-
noese. The Junta also published a paper pro-
claiming anew the Spanish Constitution. In two
hours every thing was tranquil, and the city was
a scene of universal rejoicing; part of the sol-
diers dividing the duty of Mounting guard with
the. citizens, and the rest singing patriotic hymns
and dancing among the people. - The officer com-
manding the small troop of cavalry, as soon as he;
saw the cause of tyranny defeated, rode, full
gallop, to his -quarters, and ordering his soldiers
to. mount, • -fled with them through .a private
military gate towards Tuscany. The next day
the Governor was carried to the Palace, where
he remained under -the. strict custody of the na-
tional guard. The revelation was unpollated by
any act of , plunder or revenge. - Even the Go,.
vernor's Palace was left-untouched by the popu-
lace, who merely 'seized on -the arms they fo'und
there, and threw his papers out .of the' window.
A party of wood-sellers, •having intelligence that
he had lodged 60,000 francs in the hands Of the
Captain of the Tort, took thetas -'from him by
force, and carried the . whole sum untouched to
the Junta.

PIEDMONT.-EVENTS AT TURIN:,
WRITTEN ON THE ill OF APRIL.

The ConStitUtion pionulgated in Spain in the
beginning of the year 1820, had awakened in
Piedmont, as
,well as in all the rest of Italy, au
ardent desire for a political systAn founded bpoti
nearly the same principles. This desire 'wq cc-
casioned-either by the intrinsic goodness of the
Spanish constitution itself, or by the opinionihat
placing. all `ltaly 'under government of one kind,
and at the,same time calculated to give freedom
to the people, was the most certain means of de-
livering that beautiful part of Europe from the

oppression of barbarians. The kingdom of the
Two Sicilids was the first to imitate the example
of Spain ; and the facility with which a change
was operated in-Naples,- made the Piedmontese
determine to follow, in some way or other, the
same:tract. The desire for the Spanish constitu-
tion increased in Piedmont, when Austria threat-
ened to attack the Neapolitans
_for daring to set
!hemselves free ! Besides the indignation which
this base: conduct excited in the minds of all
Italians, the Piedmontese were persuaded that
Austria, when engaged in another war, would be
incapable of resisting their armies with the weak
forces left hi Lombardy amidst a population ready
to rise-in insurrection the moment the Piedmon-
tese standard should appear. But it was im-
possible for the Piedmontese to make war on
Austria without changing their governMent ; be-
cause all the persons having any authority in the
management ,of public affairs were . partisans of
that, power, and regarded the terror of the Aus-
trian arms as the, only support of their despotism.
The desired change was therefore easily precipi-
tated by substituting, according . to the great
Italian plan, the ~Spanish constitution, for the
old monstrous system, With the intention, at the
same time, that the Piedmontese army should
immediately pass. the
,Tesino. The troops, full
of military ardour, were burning with zeal to exe-
cute this enterprise:: •It. was necessary, however,
to have for a leader a personage of distinction ; and
accordingly:all eyes were turned to the Prince of
Carignano, whO Was)elieted to cherish generous
and magnanimous sentiments, and to be in-
flamed with the ardent desire of freeing Italy
fronfa foreign yoke. The 'immortal glorY which
would have awaited the deliverer of his country,
and the great political importance which ' the
kingdkingdomc
oould not fail. to acquire, gave. reason to
expect from a young Prince, who was the' heir to
the throne, sentiments of which his heart was not
capable. He had before his eyes all :the glory
of the enterprise which was in contemplation; and
which "he'cOuld embraCe without any breach of
fidelity towards the King,. who
.was rather to be
served by being withdrawn from a state of sub-
jection to foreigners, seeing that lie now stands
like a dwarf between two giants, and 'in continual
danger of being swallowed up by one or --the
other. The Prince promised to assist, with all
his power, the glorious plan, and protested that
he was ready to shed the last drop of his blood
for the purpose of bringing it to a favourable
issue. • . Signor di Collegno, who possessed.the
confident.' of the. Prince, did all he could to.en-
courage these 'noble sentiments. But the Prince
admitted to his secret councils narrow-minded
persons, enemies of every useful internal reform,
and deaf to the calls of Italian honour.: Their
suggestions stilled every good feeling which more
worthy advisers had excited in his mind. The
Prince began then to act a double part. He as-
sured the friends of Italian independence that he
was unalterably devoted to their views, while he
discloSed their secrets to the other party. The Aus-
trian army had advanced to the frontiers of Naples,
and the Piedmontese then saw that they could
no longer delay the execution of the enter-
prise; they were also convinced that to accomplish
so great change without a civil war, it was ne-
cessary that it should be brought about by the
troops, supported by the will of the people. It
was therefore agreed that several Colonels or
Commandants of regiments should march their
corps at a fixed time on the capital, where the
guards and the regiment of Aosta were in gar-
rison. The former of the corps vas commanded
by Major Montiremolo, a man wedded to all the
old prejudices, and a ,bitter enemy of free consti-
tutions. The latter was under the orders of
Colonel Cilavegna, a brave officer, but undecided
as to the party he should embrace. He promised,
however, that he would make 'no resistance to
the friends of the Constitution. The artillery
officers, encouraged by Signor Collegno, were in-
clined to the change, with the exception of some
old men whose age and prejudices rendered them
.unfavourable to ardent and magnanimous coun-
sels, and a few others, si'ho, from envy, wished to
thwart the designs of their fellow-soldiers. In
such a state of affairs it was necessary to bring;
to the capital a force sufficient to render useless
any opposition on the part of the 'Ministers who
were tenacious of the ancient system, or on the
part of the Commander of the division of Turin, an
implacable enemy of reform.—The 6th of March
arrived, the last day of the carnival,- and it .was
determined to display the Constitutional Standard
on the 7th at daybreak. The regiment called the
King's Dragoons, commanded by Captain Count
Lesio, a gallant young man, and much beloved
by the military, Was stationed at .PinerolO.--
The Queen's Dragoons were in Vercelli ; this
regiment was commanded' by Major-General
Samberg, who were to be 'succeeded by Lieut.-
Col. Count Cavaglio; t,he eldest son of the Mar,
quis di St. Marsan, Minister for-Foreign Affairs.
At Vineria, aboutthreemiles distant from Tu-

rin, was quartered the Pie_drnontes cavalry re-
giment, in which were many constitutional offi-
cers who were acquainted with what was going
on. At four o'clock• the Cavaliero Colligno, in
concert with some artillery officers, and other
officers of the regiment of. Aosta, in the citadel,
was to make ,himself master of that fortress.—

They were then to draw the artillery out of the

arsenal, pass the -bridge over the. Po,. and .en-
camp on the; Monnt of the CapuChinS, which
entrimandsthe:city on the east: This:was the

point. at which all the friends of the constitution;
soldiers and citi7ens, were to" rendezvous.. At
the foot of this hill, the three regiments men-
tioned above were to unite, as the'y- arrived from
Pinerolo,Vetcelli, anti: Vineria. To this force

some companies of light infantry belonging to the
legions commandedbyCaptains Bianco and Fer-

rero were to.-be joined, Some companies of ar-

tillery, and. nnin bee of 'young men not in mili-
tary service, were „destined to. arrest Count di

. .
Revel, the Governor of the city, General Vi-
nanzone,„ Commandant' of the divisiOn.of Turin,
and Major I)lOntrerno.lo, of the Guards, in order

to preVent the pcssibility of a.sanguinaryreattion.
At the same time Colonels gnia.ldi and Reggio,
helonging,to the garrison of.AlessAndria, were to.
seize upon that-citadel, and secure the persoil of
Count di Vora, the Governor. • 'The execution
of this 'plan could not have failed had it not been

.•
for the Prince of Carignano. In his quality of
Grand Master of Artillery, he obstructed the
operations of Colligno so effectually that he
could neither become master of the citadel of
Turin, nor of the artillery of the arsenal. This
unexpected opposition, made by one who should
have headed the enterprise, confotrrided the prin-
cipal confederates, who-came to the resolution of
deferring its execution for a few 'days. Being
once more summoned to a consultation, they re-
solved on its completion on the morning of the
10th Match, hoping in the meantime so to dis-
pose affairs that, in spite of the Prince's opposi-
tion, they might occupy the citadel and the arse-
nal. But neither on this second occasion was
the result fortunate. Whether some one of those
who were privy to the attempt had again placed
an indiscreet confidence in the Prince, or whe-
ther he had himself discovered it by some other
means, he gave orders to all the officers of artil-
lery not to render any obedience to Colligno, to
whom, therefore, the entrance into the citadel be-
came still more strongly interdicted, which there-
fore appeared an indication that the undertaking
was desperate, and it was even agreed to lay it
aside till fortune should assume a better aspect.
The news of this .meeting, not having reached
Alessandria .sufficiently early, what had been
agreed on was carried into effect there on the
morning of the 10th. The citadel vas occupied,
the tricoloured flag hoisted, and the constitution
of Spain, amidst the incredible joy and exultation
of the garrison..and the .people of Alessandria,
was proclaimed. On the evening of the same
day the intelligence reached Turin, and animated
the sinking spirits of the constitutionalists, who,
aware that the die was cast, and that no time re-
mained for temporizing, resolved- to follow up
the enterprise, sword in hand. Capt. Lisio
hastened immediately post to Pinciolo, accom-
panied by the Count of Santa Rosa, and gave
orders to the regiment stationed there to march
to Alessandria, where they arrived in two or three
days. Count Cavaglio set out for Vercelli, to
take the command of the regiment of General
Sambugo, and to pursue the same route to Ales-
sandria ; but Sambugo, having received an inti-
mation from the capital, refused to consign it to
him. Such was the state of things on the 10th
of March ; when, on the •morning of the 11th,
there arrived unexpectedly from San Salvario,
which is diStant from the capital not more than
a musket-shot, Captain Ferrero, with a company
of his legion, openly declaring for the Constitu-
tion. About a hundred young men, the greater
part students, nearly all armed, hastened to unite
with them, crying out with a loud voice, " The
Constitution of Spain !" On arriving at San Sal-
vario, they reared the tri-coloured flag, and as-
sembled round it, resolved to die rather than
abandon the field. This boldness awed the Mi-
nisters, who would willingly have given orders
to disperse this handful of Constitutionalists ;
but were restrained principally by two considera-
tions--the apprehension lest the garrison of the
city should refuse to stain themselves with the
blood of their fellow-citizens=and the fear that
if blood should once be shed, a terrible degree of
force would be given to the insurrection, of which
they themselves might prove the first victims,
since they never could believe that such a hand-
ful of young men had not a great number or as-
sociates, all ready to fly to their succour. The
constitutional standard waved over the city from
nine in the morning until two in the afternOon.
The King assembled his Ministers in Council,
mute, pale, and irresolute, while the troops of the
garrison were drawn up between San Salvario
and the capital, in the fear that the Constitu-
tionalists would enter the city. The Colonel of
the legion, thinking to induce Captain Ferrero's
company to, abandon him, set out for San Salvia

rio, and harangued the soldiers. He was desired

to withdraw, but persisting, a student discharged
a pistol in his face, loaded with powder only,
which proved sufficient to confound him, and
cause him to be taken prisoner. It was now two
in the afternoon ; the Ministers remained in
council, and those assembled at San Salvario
were calling out " Live the Constitution !" when
one of the Members of the Council (Signor Ra-
vina), under the fear that bloodshed would en-

sue, suggested to the Ministers the expedient of
withdrawing the troops opposed to the. Constitu-
tionalists into the city. They had scarcely en-
tered the gates before the Constitutionalists

struck 'their flag and marched to Alessandria.
At eight in the morning of the 12th another
Council of Ministers was held. A mournful and

mysterious silence reigned within the city. At
noon two discharges of cannon were heard from
the citadel, which announced to those who • were

41 the secret that the fortress had declared
For the COnititutiOn. In
.an instant the draw-

•
bridges were lowered, and the Constitutional
Standard was displayed. This event confounded
the Ministers., •who, now believed that there re-
mained no other way of eyading the universal
wish that manifested itself so rapidly, but by
evasion and subterfuge. The Duke de Genevois
had seCont f(ir Modena, eight days before, pro,
bably ,:ivi&.•premeditated views. Thff then
judged it proper to 'recommend to Victor Emma-

nuel.t-he..abdication of his crown, but it Would
not then be in his power. to take the oath to the
Constitutio?i The absence of the Duke-de Ge-

nevois would render it equally impossible for
him to do So.; and the Prince of Caragnano, who
was appointed regent by the act of abdication,
could only accept it subject to the new King's
ratification, at least according to their mode of

reasoning.- •Tlie day after his- abdication Victor
Ennnanue•l'se out for Nice, the Prince aasumed
the 'reins. (or government, and promised that
on the following day a Constitution, conform-
able to, •the-- 'wishes of the people, should be
prorrlulgateck.. It was strongly feared lest this
shb,ul4 prove, the French. Constitution (more
hateful to the greater part of the people
than the Government
_of the Sultan), or some
other Code founded on a similar basis, which
should be nothing better than a legal tyranny,—
This fear cokiected an immense crowd'before the

Pala.ce,of the :Prince, among Whom were the

most respeciable portion of the inhabitants ; and
their cries for the '4‘,COnstitation of Spain" were

so universal and So, energetic, that it was accept-

ed and, sworn to by the Prirce, at the suaPgestion