The Sun.
London, England, 1844-09-14 00:00:00

------ Ant

I.OIOOX,.SATURDAYS SEPTEMBER 14, 1844.

It 120,19 g, been our unpleasant, duty to demon-
state, front time to time, the vicious adMinistration
our COlonial Government; In speaking of Colonial
Government, we allude to that course of policy, in its
largest !epti#:, which the Ministers of the British Crown
originate here—in the exercise of the imperial .autho-
, rity of -the ',Sovereign over the affairs of her MA-
JEST es colonial possessions and dominions;—or which
is iniplied in their sanction to the acts of her 'servants
in authority over them, or of their
_Local iiouses.of
AlsefV.;Legislative councils, 4c, Very recently.
we.endeavoilred to illustrate the Vital importance-of
our colonies, to the 'greatness, commercial and politi-
es], of this country ; and to enforce the grav4 of
England:a,responsibility to human civilisation,. S Well
as.to her own fame and destinies, in respect of the
sacred charge. devolved upon her with this immense
'and scattered` empire in each quarter of:the globe.
1% e, did not antioimte so early an occasion for refer-
• rifig.to the Milrect as that which is not only pre-
sented, but irresistibly pressed upon us, by the con-
tents of the hot Sydney papers, coming down to the. 44
.of May,' that reached us the day before yesterday:
From these- it appears, that on the 24th of April last, a
meeting was held at Goulburn, New South Walea,
"to take into Consideration the Squatting Regula-
tioi)a,' lately promulgated, by his Excellency the Go-
vernor" Glees); Never,
.so far as we'
yet had,the means .of forming a judgment on the mat-
ter, was 'a coa.;- devised of . disabling ex post facto
" regulaiiOnki,4 more unwise, more impolitic, more
• arbitrary in themselves, or better calculated to ruin
'the country for -which they are intendeil, is iheir
operatiOn: Our readers will not be misled by their
knowledge of' Whit is intended by the term "'squat-
ter*" *,the. forests of Canada, and on t4O prairies of
the Unite States or of TeXas, as to the construction
it b"!!`14 l'rgW
sHolland. We. will venture to dis-
,tinguish these two sets of occupiers, in order'
that
we may do justice, in the. first place, to those
who are thpeubjects a Sir GioiGa GIPPS's scheme of
license in Nevi:South Wales.
In America a"« squatter" is synonymous with "Y
individual of desperate fortunes aridsnffi ient per
lonal energy to heir with the privations, the perili,-
and'tht loneliness of the, wilcterne„; ,who, betaking
himielf to some remote locality, far beyond theline
of occupied districts andreclaime sezzleis, or
" squats," upon some spot which ha selects—without
distressing the remotest degree, atintttnity,
present rights or title, or any contingencies offtittire,
sale and transfer-on the paTt of the State, of. private
owners,
.purchaseri, -or buyers. He fells the ,timber~.
he builds hia loi;hus he clears the ground, and sows
his crop ,oCgrAitif lie provides for 'the cieni4nds-'nf
tubsistence•anttisfielter as
.best he may; with his rifle,
and his' tie ; itioine Aitie‘diy; an emigrant pur-
chaser of the -94"7,-vvithin .whiCh the squatter has'
made goidliilolition- come. to take possession- .1 it,
'he not unfrequeatly tiltzls that desperate men settle
titlas.o.and comp ':g , claimants ,-- with the bowie
knife- -,Or;,a,_l)ultet.:
,The American squatter ii`gee-
rally a man of fierce nature and determined habits
.laltitistyediriess,"studvindictive ; and, not being:deli
• 4ate 'llbo4t).4ih- he usually manages, either
by a.d4gilregatance to weary out the new
claiui-
ant' or todispiitclF. hiMs, It is not often that justice
'vizi.(11,!%.t,114,34,"h.f.A4a5Tr against' such delinquents.

. •

If pursuit should ever grow hot, the guilty squatter
only pushes further into the savage wilderness ;-"and
the clamour of human voices, even—..much more the
feeble whispers of human I - are soon ost in -the
thick forest, and behind the.'rocks and the'riveri,"the
lakes and the ravines, which his silent flight his itgyr-
posed between him and his fellows. This *l's
existence, it is indisputable, is purely a selfish one.
He is not the auxiliary of ciiilisation and 'her•betiign
influences, but their, fellest enemy. Fie is< not a
champion of society, but a traitor to its rights, and
destroyer of his species. Now, New Holland.ccm-
prises a superficial area so vast, as to entitle it to take
rank as the fifth grand division of the land of,our
globe. It is thinly peopled7,to a degree, indeed, al-
, most incredible. Its interior is, for-the most part, a
grassy desart, here and there well wooded and finely
watered ; but in, other regions ridges of loftrntoun-
tains and difficult ascent intersect the country-4nd
vast rivers, of still 'uncertain origin, but subject to
frequent and capricious overflowings, suddenly
dates the level and enormous plains, through which
they run, to an extent of many scores of mileei:and
render the escape, or temporary shelter of men or
animals from those boundless " stePpes,e` a ::Fork
of inconceivable difficulty and • danger. k is
throughout the length and breadth of this mighty
land that the incalculable flocks of sheep are depas!
tuned, whose fleeces form the " wool bales"—thevonlY
available article of expert on which the colony IA• to
depend .for the maintenance of its 'White Pepti4-tion.
This wool has now; attained in Europe—espeeitgy in
the English- niarketthe reputation of the. highest
quality that can be procured.; sa.that - the colony ex-
ports to the mothei. country nearly 1,000,000/. Werth'
of this commodity. „eirery year: But,.in order to raise
and.maintain the requisite riuMber, of and to
provide them -with such ample :" runs " as
.Ire neces-
sary to keep up the quality
,Of their flieeei,_ it 4 in-,
dispensableto'extend and change their:pastares.,-:fihe
growing numbers of the flocks demandincestantre-
movals,- and- the discovery of new gritting laikti (al-
lowing range sufficiently wide 'to prevent the Confu-
sion of these flocks; or of the numerous herds ofcattle
which the settlers also raise). And who are the men
who traverse .this enormous, this. difficult and .dan-
gerous country, in every direction-4driiing these
herds. and flocks from-:exhausted nr.over-cr6vded'pas-
tures .to others yet untried, far away in the 'heart and
solitudes of a region' extending, alrnost.as --well in
breadth as in length, 2,000 The Squatters.
But.let.no less ereineilt. authorities than Mr.. NPAR-
THIII 0.11C.5, son Of that JOHN •AP ARTHUR; • who..must

ever.be considered as the father of the pastoral:great-
ness of New South Wales) and Dr:Muarur, one of
its most intelligent European residents, describe
them :—" Do they not, by their enterprise, exertions
and labour, contribute to the resources of the colony:
improving the wilds, clearing the way for civillsation,
making valuable the Crovin lands- by their roads. and
other improvethents. Is this no contribution ? And
is there to be .no consideration for the hardshipi,
perils, and privations, endured by this much-Maligned
class in effecting these, objects ; no• encouragement .to
those whom .his Excellency has. welt slid were the
mainstay of-the colOny, = and of the most vital im-
portance ?" '

But then his ExCellency said this in 1842. In
1844, under instructions from the Colonial- office, and
taking for guide, •as Mr..-.li.flAnvntrn phrases it,
amidst the wiklernes4 •of •Austra/ii, the visionary
theorists of the WALEFIELD school' of 'colonisation,
instead of experienced and practical colonists
Excellency no longer " endeavours •to lay before
the Secretary of the Colonies some just views 'of the
squatting interest in, New South Wales, as contra-
distinguised with that.system iii America,. as respecte
the respectable and wealthy, men
_engaged in it, the
vait.amount of property possessed by them; •and-the
vital importance they. were to the colony and the
British. interests generally." •
Under:a pretence thet.the sales of "Crown lands',
—that is, the unappropriated enormous waste—" are
obviously prevented through the squatting. system,'
and that the .“ squatters contribute nothing towards
defraying the .colonial -expenditure,"- the -Governor

(by perhaps an unconstitutional--:certainly very crux]
--exercise _of his authority) promulgates " Regula•
tion,s," requiring that the sum of 104
,Raid
for be aid
a
for license by the owner of 1,000 sheep, or of 50,060
,or 400 head of cattle, or 4,900. How this fiscal 11-0.
velty will operate: was thus shown by Dr. Muss. z,`
after he had indignantly disproved the 'allegation of
the squatter's not " contributing," in the largest,
and most efficient sense of the term, to the Colonial
revenue, by the roads they made, the soil they
cleared, &c., &c.;--" A license will not cover more
than 4,000 sheep, or &)0 head of cattle ;• so that
any person having. more than- his number upon a
station, no matter how large or how stnall the sta-
tion may be, will have to pay at the rate of 21. 10s.
for every 1,000 sheep over 4,900, and 21. for- every
100 head
,of cattle over 500. Nay, he will have to
pay 101. for even an wklitional sheep.overthe limit or
head of cattle. Now, what droit ' of the Crown is
this ? This is no 4and tribute; no rent or fee for
Crown leases or licenses. This is au impost, upon a
tnan'.s property; a levpupon every one who inereues
his stock beyond 4,000 sheep or 500 head S of -cattle'
This may as well be enforced. within the botindaries
as without, and he recommended it to -his Excel-

lency's consideration ;• it would be a notable expedient
for paying off the .old, and promising to pay off the
new debentures. But what authority, ,has his Ex-
cellency to. make 4tn. intp9st like•this, to< plane a-fresh
amassment, upon stock.; for it is clearly not intended
as a rent or a fee for the use of the land ?" •
We are at a loss to imagine how Lord SrAniam
or Sir. GEORGB Girrs can thus trifle with the'ad.
vancing prosperity of one of the. noblest. colonies ever
acquired by Great Britain, or the equitable rights of a
body of men, assuredly among the most intrepid, useful;
and meritorious, who ever put themselves at the head
of a young country'S..advance in. pastoral civilisation
and commercial opulence.' On another opportunity we
may revert to this subjeet, and to the discussion 'of
Mr. M'Arrnea'a deprecation of the , dangerous
tendency of the " much vaunted" colonial land- tyro-
tem of ,WaaieriaLD, as adopted into the logislation 'of
Lord STANLILY. • •

A Tory Contemporary of yesterday, referring to
he present troubleus.aspect of affairs in Ireland, obi
serves The impression gains ground among all
parties, that the Minister : will ere long be driven to
the adoption of one or two courses—either to assemble
Parliament before the agitation receives 'any fresh
impulse, and to demand such additional powers as the
exigencies of the reinire, for 'the sup'.
, .
pression—rOot and branch—of a conspiracy which, it
would seem that
the present- laves are incapable of
effecting ; 'or else, by a master-stroke, of the conepie-
tory course of policy,_'such as that Which diatinguished
the year 100 Eat-once concede,Mr. O'Colipmfa.'s de.
mends, or, An instalment of them,. and trust to the
chapter, of chances for the future safety, of the country,.'!
Of the two coursei alluded to in the alma pasaage?
the first
_is the one 'which—although Ministers are
likely efiough to- adopt it,- in the event of the Repeal
agitation again presenting a formidable Trout--cap
only be pursued at the, certain risk of. ignominious
failure. By what new powers of law can Govern-
ment hope to put, an end to the discussion of such.a
question as that of a Repeal of the Union,: w4iCh js
fast taking,a foremost place in the thoughta and feel!..,
ings of every, Irishrnan ? s They may, to be sure; con.
trive to put a.veto upon monster meetings! and: get,
an obsequious ,Parliame.nt-7for.them=: majority 'there.
will do nny.thing, for, them--c-to deelare it illegal for
Irishmen to: assemble publicly in morelhan certain
specified numbers. in order, to ,igitate tie_ oirqaAeft.
question; hnt how .44,this.axait them]'' stop}
the poßjarclaineur for Repeall = VKilLikricitrather;
give. it a tenfold impetus, and make. those ;reckless,
and desperate, who before were _simply active and,
resolutis,,withinrthe liMits of constitutional propriety?
Undonb4ally it will.
To fan ,the flame of national,
discontent; nothing More is needed—as or ex*ielicii
sil°"7—P'anan opposition ork,,the pert _ot
authority.. P.* clgYv.n., form, /Repeal will
be pretty sure to start up in another. Public'nieet:l
ings, and evenspubtic diyiveis on 44. inhject may be
prohibited ibrenghont Xrelarid ; but are thre no other.
means by ,viticn tW:agitetion can carried on '2.
' ge'n'tle=
Can Ministers stifle the free and bold earesirou*Of.
opinion in the
..Irish press? Can '
men discussing the momentous questo inanugsOcial•
parties of a dozen or s?, at the different reading-r
Can they prevent them
_talking over it *4112. their„dei.
pendents—writing al)(?4it in. their .ir letters,-40'
lag each other in :their opinions upon. it at.-theiriba.
Live meeting:-rand, above' all, i"iling

phlets, and addresses upon it, to be circulated gratis
—after the fashion of the Anti-Corn-law appeals—
throughout the length and breadth of -the sister
country ? Can Ministers do any or all of these
' things ? Impossible. Repeal is a Proteus which the
instant you grapple with it in one shape, eludes yeir
grasp,,and starts up in another. It is a thought—a
feeling—a principle—which you can no more subject to
your will by dint of menace or coercion, than you can
enchain the free winds of Heaven, or
„check the en-
croaching Waves of Ocean ! The first, then, of the
two courses of policy which, as our ContempOrary
observes,- Ministers have left for their adoption,. is
clearly useless, if not absolutely dangerous, as tend-
ing directly to aggravate the very evil which it is its
object to diminish. With regard to the second—
namely, the conciliatory course—of this far more san-
guine 'hopes may be entertained ; for instead of
being at variance with justice, it is in accord-
ance with it ; instead of being obnoxious to
common sense, it is the necessary result of
the operation of this serviceable faculty. To
put down, the clamour for Repeal—or at least
to enfeeble it to such a degree that it can
have no, further hazardous influence-,it is by no
means indispensable that Ministers should concede to
Ireland's demand foi a Parliament in College-green.
Mr. o!Coxxsu. himself, for all his assertions to
the contrary, has not the slightest, wish that such
a suicklal concession should ever, be made—all
that is required is, that Government 'should
promptly and cheerfully pay that attention to the
, just wants and wishes of the sister country, which,
as Ap integral and influential portion of the British
empire--; no one denies to be her due. Let Ministers
do this, sad do it in a frank, generous, fearless, and
confiding spirl4,and from that auspicious, oment Re-
peal will cease to' be the ciemanpi of a nation, and
be-
come the mere whoper of a faction.

Acepunts from Madrid of the sth inst. state that
the Government had received the official confirmation
of peace being established, between Spain and Mo
rocco. " Yesterday," , says . the Glob°, 0 Colonel
BARRY, belonging to the English Legation, arrived at'
Madrid. He had come from Tangiers and Gibraltar,
and is the bearer of dispatches for the Spaniah ..i6-
verntnent, which,. no doubt, contain the final conclu-
sion of the arrangements.. Besides- the satisfaction
we have mentioned,rit. appears that the Moorish Go-
vernment will give a pecuniary ir,dempity to, the
family of; the Vice-Consul, who hasbeen Assassinated."
.The elections were going on favourab!y for the
Government.

•
‘The•Three per Cents. were done at 7-16 at 60
days ; the Fire per -Cents. at 19.7,16 at 60 days;
and the Floating Debt at 60 at 15 days.

• .iAfter the noise caused by the bombardment-of Tan-
giers and- Mogadore• has subsided, and Iviarahal By-
pima) has retreated within the French- frontier, cer-
tain politicians on the other side of the Channel begin
to. see that peace, is as far distant as,ever, and that
much money must be spent and more.-bombardments
take place before, the Emperor of Moaocco is brought
to.reason. This is the view taken of the French po-
sition by M. 'MINES' journal, stod it appears' to us
perfeetlY just..." Jf it were intended," says the' Con.
" to strike a really effective blow at the
commerce, of Morecco, it was Tangiers which it was
necessary to•occupy rather than -Mogadore, Tangiers
keeps up.with Gibraltar 'relationivihich'the proximity
srendrs `exceedingly active, 'Om; aide; Gihriiltar is.
the .depository of all the English mierchandise des-
tined for the commerce of Mediterranean and the,
coast of Africa ; on the other, Tangiers is the store-
house of the provisions, without which the garrison of.
Gibraltar would be obliged to have recourse exclu-
sively;to •
Spain. in 1841, 104 vessels destined for Mo-
rocco, or coming from it, entered dr left Gibraltar.' It is
easy, to comprehend that-the imperial custom returns
would have seriously suffered from the occupation of.
Tangiers. But England is not willing, even tempo-
rarily; to interrupt her relation's; for the success of.
our artna We hive not, therefore, made Use of our
right, and the commerce of Tangiers will soon have
resumed all its activity: Why, therefore, not have their
own troops in Larache or Itahat, in place-of Shgt-
ting them up at Mogadore, in an Wind in front of a
town enveloped on all sides by moving sands ? There
is only one point really-; tinerable in this empire--7-
the town where are' depOsited the Esseeaos's. trea-
sure's. these excite and appease insurgents, make
and unmake sultans. But these are at 'Pleoninex, and
I.Arache and Rabat are the two gates 'le: ding there
from the sea-side. Rabat and Salee, situated •11)P138ite
each other on the banks of the same river, are.,,,the
nests of all Moorish pirates. Larache, situated to i.he
north of these two towns, at the mouth of the, Lyxos,
collects in:its port all the naval force of the empire.
The Emeiacut has confided the guard of then two
keys of ' his treasures to the fiercest Islamism.
Christiana have been 'kept away with jeafons care,
and their ~entry by main force into these old sanc-
tuaries of Mussulman fanaticism would have produced
'a moral effect very different 'from the taking t'Of 'the"
town of Mogadore, accustomed to the rule of theinfi-
dels. The Eurstot Would :.not haVe'heen "with oiit
dread Christians fixed at a little distance from the
treasures -which he has always been increasing, ~and
which consists, it is said, of considerable sums of.
money, a quantity of precious 'jewels, and a miss 'of
, gold and silver ingot.. Under the perpetual fear of
losing the-fruit of his labours, the object of his 'pea
sion, the ..monument of his reign, Annestansmax
would perhaps have capitulated. Mit we have only
turned from their ordinary route the Elirilleak'S re-
venues.,. lye will not take ally "part of his territory,
we leave him his treasures ; We scarcely impede his
'commerce ;..England is his ally. How will you have
hini alter his determination.? And yet, even when
we.should,hare reduced-AunnitaliAllAN to accept our
conditionti all the difficulties of putting thern- into
e:xecution would still subsist; the cleverness and po-
.pularity O.ABD-ZLeKADEIt ; the half Savage ind4en-
clence of the tribes; the profound'divisloni.WhiCh Se
parate the races, and the want of ".13..iier, of the:Elli-
-1:11014 would still remain !. it is easy to see how
couch it is to be feared, from the very faults which
have. been committed that we are far • removed from
peace.-', :But alaa! according- to another journal,
France' his not the means to strike a.bloW, She has
neither, allies, nor armies, nor fleets. She is themost
helpless-state in Enrope. Hear the evidence en this
subject Of the Prase, a journal:patronised,- we believe;
by, Queen :CHRISTI/1A :

" 1. is to allies, she has none ;` for, in order to
have them; it is not sufficient that it• is- proclaimed froni
the tribunes that such.is the fact—them must be acoin,
won end view and., eara—tn.On interesttr-to be :attained,
Where is there any end, or any interest, common be-
tween France and England? Whilst an Oltenia cordials.
may exist or the most friendly kind between M. Guizot
and Sie,Robert Peel, the rivalry which, exists between
their ageliffiarevineed:lii every part—in Spain,: in Por-
tugal, in Greece, in Syria—and it is beyond the power
of these Ministers to preretit it. Enghind has Tot shies
Turkne,.which holds the keys of the:.'DiirdanolleA, and
Morocco, -which sends tOEngland the money which she
haw received: from her at Gibraltar... What are we doing?
After taking possession 'of; Algeria we hold it ;' we take
cause with Jgypt against Turkey; we bombard Tangiers,:
and WA buiik Mogadore. , At Otaheite our .missionaries
are driven out by those of,England,. and one of the latter
lain his turn expelled by a captain of.one of ourArgisers.
Such is the Conflicting character of our, interests mlikeh
will ever present the two Countiles' coining' to any un-
derstanding wren on a simple treati:Of commerce. ,
-
".2: France has no navy, for the -maritithe'superio-:
city of a state consists less in its vessels.of war then its
commercial; Tarine, fOr the litter is- the .groundwork of
the former. In the -event, therefore, of a eolliSion be-
tween Franco and gnglawl, Whers.wonkl be this grand
foundation of the former?, Confidence in, their chief, and
an enthusiasmin the cause they support, may, turn.
recruits into heroes ; ,although .an army_ _.be . thus
forlned, sailors' cannot be' 'so -suddenly, raised.:. No !
Fiance has,nn navy. In• the event 'of a war ,Abe -would
not have etiongh to protect her. mercantile marine, our
colonlea; and-our coasts: `Odic of two things-must there._
fore be chorea. France -must- either change her Allies,
or-must resign herself to swallowlier shame in sileilee
whenever it-ahall please England to make her fc*,l the
weight of her supreniaoy: • • •
," 3. Frilllee has no Army—for - army.,can only
exist on the following conclitions•:—.That strength
shOuld be pitedently calculated iq proportion to the, re-
sistance it litis to ovelcotne.; that the .proportions •of its
arms should- be strictly observed and maintained : that
it should lie Se organised' that in the event of losing ,thoi
first battle.tribotild hive a fdrinidable rejserie, whroll.l
Might renew( the contest with some 'chairce or turning
defeat into victory. • • • • „
• ". Where is the • army which, we ,could-',oppose' to
Europe in the event of a coalition- gainsi us T What
would become of the proportion of our arms' if we should

'be:compelled to ineapaiktein ,ourtraiiks-the• whole or
part.of. the. inobil ised 14,544ina1, G uards .Suppose. that
circuinstanees should Compel theinfam,ry to le, doubled,
.where 'Would' horses be found to increase the cavalry in
proportion'?dike ln "atlveril, it is: the duty col'our Go-
vernment tolhaie an imposing *my to mike England
:respect us, and a powerful army to make ourselyes
feared On. the Continent ; - and we have in really. neither
.the one ner the other. This is a proof of the inconais
.