The Sun.
London, England, 1828-01-01 00:00:00

pc,
,;_y.,;
rillr ! .
,_,_:...h.1.,„
;cA,, il *M
414
4,4; i`. "v,11.,. 1"-:,-;rD
..a,

LONDON,
TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 1, 1828.

In a SECOND EDITION we shall give

the SPEECH of the AMERICAN PRE-

SIDENT, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, just
received by EXTRAORDINARY EX-

PRESS.

We have received by express this forenoon
Lisbon Gazettes to the: 22d inst. inclusive.
The PRINCESS REGENT has authorized the
general assembly of the Bank of Lisbon to in-
crease its capital by '2,500 shares, representing
the sum of 2,600 Contos of Reis. Her
Royal Highness has set a bright example of
generous patriotism, by offering the Bank her
jewels and private purse towards its present
wants ; and it is expected that this noble
example will induce all persons who possess the
means of serving their country, by proserving
this National Establishment, to come forward for
the support of this National Establishment. The
difficulties of the Bank of England, at certain
critical periods, and its subsequent prosperity,
are referred to as proofs of what can be done by
the unanimous efforts of a people to support
public credit.
The following are extracts
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE.
TMEON, DEC. 16.
The General Assembly of the bank bf Lisbon Laving,
in the meting of the 13th instant, agreed in part upon
the measures which it judged the most suitable to restore
the credit of 50 useful an establishment, and 1 having taken
into consideration that representation which it made to me
yesterday, think fit, in the name of the King, and in con-
formity to Article IX. of the Law of the 31st of March,
this year, to authorize the said General Assembly of the
Bank to increase its earita! by 2,090 shales, representing
the sum of 9,600 contos of reis.

Signed by her serene Highness,
The INFANTA REGENT.
MANOEL ANTONIO DE CARVALIIO.
Palace of Ajovla, Dec. 15, 1827.

OFFICIAL-DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE.

LISBON, DEC. 17.
Her Highness the Infanta Regent, in the name of the
King, being made acquainted with the extraordinary re-
presentation of the Junta do Deposito Publico of Lisbon,
dated the 13th of this month, sees with extreme grief in
this document the spirit which unhappily prevails in that
Junta, and for this reason orders it to be acquainted, that
she takes no notice of so inconsiderate, unseasonable, ille-
gal, arbitrary, and seditious a representation, and deigns, for
this time, to excuse the said Junta from the punishment
which it has deserved, out of her Royal clemency; which
you will announce to the said Junta for its information.
(Signed) MANOEL ANTONIO DE CARVAL/10.
Palace of Ajuda, Dec. 16, 18t7.
To Sen. Joao Jose Mascarenkas di Azeredo e Silva.
OFFICIAL.—DF.PARTAIENT OF THE INTERIOR.

lasnow, DEC. 21.
By order of his Excellency the Minister Secretary
State for the Affairs of the Interior, and in Conformity
Article 11. of the Instructions approved by the Rual Di

tree of the Bth of October, 1826, the Deputies of the Por-
tuguese nation are requested to send in writing to this
office a declaration of their places of abode, for the greater
facility of delivering to them, without delay, the mossages
Which may be forwarded to them.

LISBON, DEC. 21.

On Sunday the ICith, her Serene Highness the Infanta
Regent was pleased to give audience to the President and
Secretaries of the General Assembly of the Bank of Lisbon,
who, in fhe nat‘ie of that assembly, had the honour to kiss
her Royal hand, expressing in the most respectful manner
the lively gratitude with which that assembly was filled by
the generous offer which her Royal Highness had been
pleased to make of her jewels and private coffers, to meet
the present urgent wants of that establishment. It is to
be *sinned that such a noble and spontaneous instance of
generous patriotistli net as a powerful stimulus to those
who desire the preservation of use of the useful national
.establishments which has been of such great benefit to all
classes of the State. The temporary embarrassment which
has interrupted its operation will be speedily removed, if
an honourable and uniform co-operation of the richest
• capitalists seconds the desires of her Royal Highness,
which have been so nobly and so generously manifested.
The 13ank of England offers an example of what patriotism
can do when, animated by noble sentiments, it submits to
asy sacrifice to maintain the national credit. This great
establishment, the meat immense and the most powerful of
nil that exist, experienced a similar crisis i❑ 1796, and also
in 1812, when it suspended for a time the payment of its
❑otes, and yet it afterwards recovered still greater credit,
supported by the unanimous efforts of British patriotism.

We have received this forenoon the Nurczn-
burg Correspondent of the 24th ult., and the
Allgenzeine Zeitung of the 26th. The former
contains a speculative article from the Banks
of the Danube, in which it is assumed that hos-
tilities with Turkey will not immediately follow
the departure of the Ambassadors, and that, as
Baron OTTENFELS will remain, hopes may be
entertained that he will ultimately succeed in
convincing the PORTE of its real interest being
to accept the mediation of the Allied Powers.—
The crossing of the Pruth by an advanced Corps
of the Russian army on a vague rumour of move-
ments amongst the Turkish forces, and the line
of conduct hitherto pursued by the Austrian
Ambassador seems to render it probable that
neither of the results contemplated by the writer
will be verified :

FROM TliE DANUBE, DEC. 19.

The probable departure of the three Ambassadors from
Constantinople, draws the attention of,the public to many
important political questions. In general it is not believed
that immediate hostilities will be produced by it, especially
because it is not conformable with the usual proceedings of
Cabinets, for the Ambassadors themselves t• be authorized
to give the signal for war, before they have received posi-
tive instructions from their Courts. It appears, too, that
the naval forces of the Allies, scattered as they are, and
weakened by sending home so many damaged ships, are not
at present sufficient at the same time to act offensively against
the Turkish marine, and to check the piracies of the
Greeks ; besides the march of the Russia,' army into the
principalities seems difficult at the present season, and
might, perhaps, not be agreeable to the two Allied Courts,
who at present do not seem to make any preparations for
embarking troops. These are calculated to give credit to
a report that the three Ambassadors, consulting their dig-
nity and the consistent policy of their Courts, cannot indeed
remain longer in Constantinople, but that the Austrian
Internuncio, who is said to be provided with the most ex-
tensive full powers for this purpose, will leave nothing un-
tried to continue the mediation with the Divan after 00
Ambassadors are gone ; and it is hoped will succeed at
length in opening. its eyes to the real state of the case,
when it shall be zonvineed that the real sentiments of the
Alties are satisfactorily manifested by the conduct of their
Admirals towards the two parties. The last despatches to
Baron Ottenfels are said to be be of the highest importance
in this point of view.

VIENNA, DEC. 24.
Metalliques 68 13-16. Bank Shares 1041.

At the time of our going to press, no fresh
adviccs had been received at any of' the Govern-
ment Offices from Constantinople, or from the
Archipelago ; nor have we yet received, as we
had expected, yesterday morning's Gazelle de
France.

The occurrence mentioned in the German
Papers, to which we alluded yesterday, of two
Pulks of Cossacks having crossed the nut!), in
consequence of a report that a body of Turkish
Cavalry bad crossed the Danube, shows the
complete state of readiness of the army under
General Count WITTGENSTEIN to advance
into the Turkish Dominions, and that it has
orders to do so upon any hostile demonstration by
Turkey, without waiting for instructions from
the EMPEROR or his Government. No sooner
did the report of an act of hostility by the
Turks reach the advanced guard of the Russian
army, than, without waiting to ascertain whether
the rumour was founded on fact or not, the army
was put in motion, and an act committed which
might of itself lead to war between the two
Powers, even if other circumstances did not exist
to render such a result more than probable. The
aggression, though committed under a mistake,
and immediately desisted from, by the retreat of
the Cossacks to the opposite side of the river,
will necessarily form fresh ground fur complaint
by Turkey. Russia has committed the first act
of decided hostility, and the PORTE has a just
right to expect such an apology for it as Russia,
with her present views, will never consent to
make. If a doubt, therefore, could exist in the
mind of any man before that war would not take
place, this event must, we think, in a great
measure, dispel such doubt. Now, indeed,iit is
generally believed that the arrival of M. RIBEAU-
riEitnE at Odessa from Constantinople will be the
signal for the commencement of war. If so,
Russia will undoubtedly act in a manner not con-
templated by the other Powers, who signed the
Treaty of the 6th July. That Treaty does not
sanction the invasion of Turkey. Its specific
object was the pacification of Greece ; and, al-
though its Secret Articles bound the Contracting
Parties to ulterior measures, in the event of the
PoRT E refusing to accede to those terms which the
Allies demanded for the more speedy accomplish-
ment of the grand object of the Treaty, still we
are bound to believe that our Ministry never even
contemplated the necessity of consenting to the
invasion of Turkey by any of the Powers, bi-
' cause she would not consent to measures whic
for the sake of humanity, and the interests f,
Europe generally, were deemed proper to IR
taken with reference to Greece. If Ruslia
therefore does advance into the Turkish territo'y,

she evidently will do so in violation of the prin-
ciples of the Treaty ; and, we are convinced, con-
trary to the intentions of, both the other Allied
Powers. Under these circumstances the occur-
rence which has taken place must, as demon-
strative of the intentions of the Russian Go-
vernment, be considered one of the highest im-
portance, and calculated to excite considerable
uneasiness at the present posture of affairs. We
have never hesitated to express our apprehensions
respecting the views of Russia with respect to
Turkey, and every day convinces us that we have
not formed an erroneous opinion of her inten-
tions, nor felt unnecessary alarm at her warlike
demonstrations on the frontiers of tilt Ottoman
Empire.

lastTh
n
s:
iietteirrn9yemfb,cete,tarrt:t.uochrlfee
soßlnii:tcyirc:k
liberation
Treaty
Greece,
arz
cse,
ertai,bziaelilneciioe
bco ey
st: contains
n
ve
hich
t
followed, and which have terminated in the
battle of Nayarit]. At the same time, if we
retrench all the hard words and strong epithets
with which the writer in this work sets forth his
statement, we shall find that no great weight of
argument remains, and that the case which he
has made out chiefly rests upon a misconception
of the Law of Nations, and a misapplication of
its principles. It is in truth the special pleading
of a zealous partisan, who holds by forms while
he lets go the substance ; who sees all on one
side, and nothing on the other ; who is eo keen
to give hard blows that he leaves himself defence-
less and open at every point. According to this
writer, Great Britain has lost every vestige of
her former fair character by the late transactions ;
she has placed herself on a level with Pirates and
Freebooters ; she is, in short, sunk " to the
lowest point of degradation ;" and to deepen the
shade in this picture of dishonour, she is held
forth as having been heretofore a model. of
all that is honorable, pure, and virtuous ;
a " splendid example" of all that is " upright
and chivalrous ;" the only nation incapable
of violating its faith, and staining its in-
tegrity. To hear the high-flown eulogium of
this writer, we would imagine that those who
formerly ruled this country were exempted from
the common frailties of humanity ; that they
went to war without any of the passions which
prompt mankind to such extremities, and that
wielding as they did the formidable weapon of a
resistless navy, they used it with such Utopian
moderation, thoughtfulness, and humanity, that
the whole world was conciliated, and that
throughout the wide precincts of our naval domi-
nions not a murmur was ever heard of the op-
pression of the weak by the strong. But now
we are told all is reversed ; we have fallen from
our high estate, by having concluded the recent
league for the protection of Greece, which is
characterised as " monstrous, abominable," as an
" eternally infamous treaty of' piracy and spolia-
tion." The three nations are termed " three
great national pirates"—they are compared to
" thieves ;" and their manifesto is termed
" piratical." Now, what, it may be asked, is
the transaction which is stigmatized by all
these obnoxious epithets ? It is simply this.
The Greeks having long groaned under
the most atrocious tyrannies and cruelties, at
length finding the opportunity favourable, rose
on their oppressors ; a bloody conflict ensues, in
which this brave and suffering people, after a
noble struggle, are in danger of being overmatched
by the successive irruption of Turkish armies
too powerful to be opposed. A scene of almost
indiscriminate ruin and massacre commences—
the country is given up to pillage ; it is abandoned
to a lawless banditti to ravage it, and to oppress
and murder the peaceable inhabitants. Women
and children are seen flying from their homes to
perish in the mountains, and pursued by the
vengeance of barbarian warfare ; cottages are
given up to the flames ; fruit trees arc rooted
up ; and it appears to be the intention of
those irritated barbarians t.o use or abuse their
victory to the utter destruction of the country.
The three Powers of Europe, Great Britain,
France, and Russia cannot behold unmoved this
scene of desolation and cruelty. They cannot
steel their hearts against the cries of suffering
humanity ; and they have interfered to save this
oppressed people—to rescue the victim from the
tiger grasp of his tormentor ; to assuage the
miseries of an oppressed country, and to heal its
bleeding wounds. This is the true and simple
character of the transaction on the part of the
Allies. This is the head and front of their
offending, and for their humanity they are reviled
as thieves, -pirates, freebooters, by this writer,
whose sympathies, though living in a free
country, seem to be all on the tide of tyrannical
and abused power ; and it is this unhappy
sympathy with tyranny, which, as it has corrupted
his feelings, has also vitiated his argument.
" Greece," he contends, " is as much the right
of Turkey as British India, British America,
and Ireland, are the right of Great Britain ;"
and the present, interference of the Allies he re-
probates as " subversive of every obligation
which in right mid justice one nation owes to
another." His error here consists in judging
of Turkey by one law, and of the Allies by
another. He would confine them within the
strictest limits of political right, while he would
aolfl o ‘aVb aunse
afindde cTr
uuerlkt y o eev e in
do es envoetr y species
consider
that 'we cannot enforce laws against -others

„

which we do not respect ourselves. Greece, .6.,
tells us, is the right of Turkey by conqu -4, as.
India is of Britain. We should like to
this writer's ideas of the rights- of eorvest .
Does he imagine that it gives the conqueror the.
privilege of maltreating the conquered at his,
pleasure ; and of hanging, drawing, and quarter-•
ing them, when they rebel ? Does he c;mceive,
that ruler has the right to waste, oppress,.
and any
plunder the conquered ? Does he int con-
sider that there tan be no right which is not'
founded in policy -AO
justice ; and that tareright of conquest is, in 'Fact, a
political obliga-
tion, entered into by the conqueror 3 and t!'r.!
quered, for their mutual benefits ; and that in
virtue of it, while the latter engage to subunit --
peaceably to their new ruler, he is bound to give
them protection, to rule them with equity, and
to commit no acts of spoliation and oppression.
This is the tenure by which he holds his con-
quest ; and the moment he violates his obligation
to the conquered, he forfeits his right of conquest.
Resistance to his authority becomes then a ultra
question, not of morality, but of prudence. Now
was notoriously the case with regard. to.
Turkey—the rights of conquest had been rno4t,
savagely abused. The Greeks have revolted,„
and are in danger of being subdued by the:

Turkish armies, which would cause the desola-;
tion of the' country ; and, to avert this herd,
catastrophe—to restrain the career of barbarian.
vengeance, the European Powers interfere, an,
we are told that this is " utterly subversive o,
every obligation which in right and justice one
nation owes to another." What obligations„ -
we would ask, of right and justice fire here.
subverted ? Can the barbarian confine-
of Greece have any right to waste
pillage the country, and to massacre its helph%is
inhabitants? And yet, this is all that they are- -
restrained from doing by the interference of the
Allies. What law then is here violated F Ac.t.
cording to our notions, every moral sanction is
rather upheld by the transaction. Who is it
that suffers damage from it, or who hac a right
to complain ? Not the Turks, who, we main-
tain, have forfeited every right or title tidy ever
had to the dominions of the country by their
notorious abuses •f it ; and unless we arc pre.„,
pared to maintain that massacre, oppression, and
pillage are among dm sacred rights of Rule.,
we must admit that the Allies are entitled, a
cording to the clearest principles of the Law
Nations, to interfere for the emancipation
Greece. ucliettrarlitz,ed b
transaction, even if it. were .
be condemned on the printiple of expedient
is o
tat all characterized
the epithetr; applit
to it by this violent but inconclusive reasoner.
The principle of expediency is, howev..,,- dlr.,
ferent question, which we may discuss on gom,
future occasion.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE--(THIi tY.)

FROM LLOYD'S.

DEAL, DEC. 31.—Wind 5.5.W.,--Realain, the
Friends, Holland; and Susannah, GibLons, for
Oporto.
PORTSMOUTH, DEC. 31.—Wind S.S.W.—Pi •
back, the Lady Holland, Snell, for Mar—s at

Maria, Lawless, for Sierra Leone.
FALMOUTH, DEC. 30.—Wind
the Erin, James, from Landon for Vera Cruz.
LIVERPOOL, DEC. 30.--The Great Britain,
French, bound to New York, is at anchor outside,
having carried away her bowsprit.
DOVER, DEC. 31.—The Betsey, White, from
Maldan to Galway,- lost windlass, anchor, chaiii,s
kedge, and hawser, this morning, ander Dungeness,,
and in running for the harbour, grounded behind thi',
North
will be i g
Pier Head,
in nextwher tide.
e remains, bu: it ;s ex-
pected

THE FUNDS—(TnIS DAY).

CITY, TIVEL PE 00'

This being New Year's Day it has been apt a
a holiday, at the Bank and English Stock Exchargr,
but a few of the brokers and dealers have met. at the
neighbouring Coffee-houses, in consequence of the
unfavourable state of the weather, but hitherto no
business in private bargains has been done, the nom:
nal price of Consols being 84i and some havp
is
fused to sell even at 844.
The Foreign House has continued open to-fity,
yesterday being settling day for the account, but it
might just as well have been shut for the hrisiness
doing ; Mexican 6 per Cent. Bonds are 45i ;
Ayres, 43 5 ; every other Foreign Security reutitint
at yesterday's quotation.
In Shares there has been some trifling b•,:i7:els
Brazilian mining Shares are 70 2 ; Real Monte.
40 GO pm. ; Colombian, 21i 2 per share : anc
United Mexican, 20 19 dis.
In the City there is sot the slightest intellirrce
from Turkey; an arrival from Trieste of the rill,
ult. does not make the least mention of the dotruc.

zion of the Greek fleet A Sci o, and the ge4efal.
opinion now is that the report has arisen from ALI
burning of three or four pirate vessels.
FORElOX.—Brazilian, 60 4; Buenos iyro4, 4 , .
Chilien, 24 6 ; Colombian, 26i '7; Daniel'., 5[4 t;.
Greek, Hit lit ; Mexican, 5 er Cent., 34 6 ; Dig,,g,
p7e; Cpmeni.,l34osliiv:; PieliTisn, 44* bi; Portageee. 71,.;, ".: ;
Russian, 91/F ; Spanish, iof 11.
Misms.--.Anglo Atexiiicadni,s.6;o
c6.7iLdbiisa.l);, Bgrlsiilia.23,
,-,!r
share ; Real del Men", 40 60 pm. ' Tlalpm..-alans, iNs
90 die. ; Unites] 7,feziesn, 30 19 dia. ;'Mexicsn Ornsur,
9 per share. TTV 0 0' 6 ' tiff;.
A few private transactions in Consols rovig ',Pen
made a shade lower than the morning's piiet," Rt. -".
84, to 84k. There is a report of Mr. ..itrgitford
Canning being expected hourly in Lonc.ou. ''tie 2;
Foreign Funds continue at nearly the pr;. , .F, e, the
commencement of business, except Russian, y- ~ek.,
.are a trifle lower, 901 to 91,as well as DaniA)9l4. ;
Brazilian Bonds are 594 to 60.
In regard to news, there is none at pr.-gent, i.,id
in the Foreign market, which is open this 310-..nthi-,..,
their chief occupation up to the presert time v ,1
playing and kicking about a bladder. . Tbe-Put ,e 1
1
also put up a placard, on which is writtf-1,, " Hell ti
closed," 4seaning the British market. .A.hgt ter!' ix n
''
. , i
also placed at the door of the ennrnnilo
with both houses on which is written,, " '.. /-"rtt
lug Shame."
,TNRIf4 &e=, ;:: :, %--
Consols for Account; 84: """4" •
-,1