The Sun.
London, England, 1845-07-03 00:00:00

£litøxnin' 'rnt

LONDON, THURSDAY, JULY 3, 1845.

The House of Lords did not meet yesterday.

The Commons assembled at four o'clock.

On the order of the day being read for bringing up
the report on the Lunatics Asylum and Lunatic Pau-
per Bills. _

Mr. T. DUNCOMBE moved that the report be received
that day six months.
Lord ASHLEY, Mr. F. BARING, Mr. M. GIBSON, and
several other Hon. Members, urged the lion. Member
for Finsbury to withdraw his motion, which was on a
division rejected by a majority of 102, the number being
for Mr. I)x:rico:vises motion, 15 ; against it, 117.
Mr. DIVETT presented a petition from a gentleman
named BARRETT, complaining that an action had been
brought against him for evidence which he had given
before the Select Committee on the Medical Bill, and
praying the House to afford him protection. The
petition was ordered to be printed, and to be taken into
consideration to-morrow (this day.)
The House having resolved itself into Committee on
the Field Gardens Bill,

Mr. ROEBUCK expressed his determined hostility to
tho measure, and for the purpose of defeating it, moved
that the Chairman do leave the chair.

After a long conversation the Committee divided, and
Mr. ROEBUCK'S proposition was rejected; the numbers
being—for it, 19; against it, 42.
Mr. CURTEIS proposed that instead of three persons
being authorised to call a parish meeting, to put this
Bill into operation, six should be necessary. This
amendment was, after a short discussion, agreed to.
Mr. HENLEY moved, that each requisitionist should
be rated at 10/., but on a division this was rejected,
the numbers being for Mr. HENLEY'S proposition 17,
against it 26.

clauses were agreed to. The Chairman then reported
progress, and the other orders of the day having been
disposed of; the House adjourned at Two o'clock.

have sown and reaped at once to some purpose. A bench
of county magistrates—perhaps his brother guardians in
the union—it may be his landlord or his customers—
will feel every just degree of indignation on his account ;
every disposition not to wrong the mysterious unknown,
whoever he be, who is the party benefited by these un-
accountable, excessive, overwhelming costs :-13s. 4d.
on a decree of 4 farthings damages 1 There is one re-
markable allowance to be made, it is true, as a set•off
against such legitimate and equitable profit as might
otherwise accrue to vigilant trespass prosecutors. Pay-
ment ought to follow upon conviction. But it does not
necessarily follow that conviction is followed by pay-
ment—either of damages or costs. The Act of Par-
liament, with singularly ill-judged lenity, has provided
for the course to be taken with the convicted, in " de-
fault of payment." Instead of following up the ad-
mirable principle of apportioning costs after the rate of
150 fold on damages found, by some acts of personal
infliction on the delinquent, as it ought in consistency
to have done, such as drawing out a tooth per week
(from those who have them), during the period of de-
fault, on King John's graduated scale of Jew-dealing ;
or putting them in the pillory once a week, till full
liqu on of debt and costs ; instead of this, the Act
of Parliament directs, for such defaults, a certain equiva-
lent of imprisonment, founded on very uncertain rules.
In the case to which we are immediately addressing our-
selves, the very bad, who, having committed damages to
the amount of four farthings, is unprepared to pay, in
addition, 160 farthings for costs, is most properly con-
demned to three weeks' imprisonment. Oh, righteous
law ! Oh ! paternally treated peasantry ! Oh ! land
of equal justice, equal rights, equal penalties ! It must
be a source of peculiar gratification to poor ROSE to
know that had he been of gentle blood and gentle for-
tunes he might, on the very first day of next hunting
season, have gratified himself by riding over the lands of
every Magistrate on the Bench—and in a gallop over
springing corn and young turnips have committed da-
mages with impunity to the amount of tour pounds in-
stead of four farthings,—followed by no costs (to himself),
and no consequences on default of paying damages.
Let us hope that he has by this time learned to appre-
ciate the impartial bearing of:, magistrate-made laws on
all classes of her Majesty's subjects ; the high protecting
duty of agriculturists, who extract, in enhanced prices for
their own grown corn, millions per annum from the pockets
of our indigent,and industrial community,—and the small
ditch-edge grass cropper, who robs a farmer in a single
night of green forage to the amount of four farthings I

The question touching the claims set up by the
Government of Spain, through their Miniiter at this
Court, the Duke de SOTOMAYOR, for the admission of
its colonial grown sugars, on terms equally advantageous
with those awarded to the free-labour produce of Vene-
zuela and the United States, is one of a very remarkable
character. It has elicited two memorable state papers
—the one from the Spanish Minister in London, the
other (in reply to it) from the Earl of ABERDEEN, as
Foreign Secretary of her Majesty. The claim advanced
on the part of Spain is to have her Cuba and Porto
Rico sugars admitted—irrespectively altogether of the
consideration of slave or free-labour produce—on
the same terms as those " of the most favoured nations."
The demand is based on an article in the treaty of
Utrecht, in the year 1713, and the analogy sought to be
established with the recent admissions of Venezuela and
United States' produce, into the British market under
certificates of origin. Now the general proposition into
which the answers of Lord ABERDEEN to the several
arguments with which the Duke of SOTOMAYOR endea-
vours to justify the pretensions of Spain in this affair,
resolves itself into this : that the obligation on the Go-
vernment of Great Britain, under the treaty referred
to is, that the " subjects " of Spain shall be treated as
the " subjects" of the most favoured nation—not that
Great Britain shall treat the " produce" of Spain as she
shall be accustomed to treat the "produce of the most
favoured nations." This proposition which, on a cur-
sory statement of it may seem to sound as mere special
pleading, is, in fact, a very substantial and well sustained
rebutter to the plea of Spain. The remonstrance of the
Spanish Minister is certainly drawn with equal temper
and ability. But the reply of Lord ABERDEEN does ap-
pear to us, not only a successful but a conclusive reply.
Whether the Duke has not reason on his side, when
(speaking of the reasons assigned for the latitude re-
cently given by the Government to the construction or
force of Conventions in the two instances we have just
cited), he suggests that certain existing but ancient
treaties between this country and Spain must have been
forgotten ;we will not undertake to say. Our own im-
pression is, that to this extent the Spanish Minister is
right. The origin and history of Mr. GLADSTONE'S
scheme about these certificated growths, his identifica-
tion with, defeat upon, and retirement from
office on account of it—always a political
mystery—seems to admit of no more probable
explanation than that, in fact, these anterior treaties to
which the Spanish Duke adverts (those of 1658, 1679,
1689, and 1713) had been forgotten in Downing-street
or at Whitehall. We are bound to concede to Spain a
sort of traditionary credit forgood faith in its observance
of treaties, and we are far from wondering that
the Duke should skilfully bring the merits of
the Spanish Crown in that respect under Lord
ABERDEEN'S notice. And we go further. So far
as the mere letter of the stipulations is concerned, the
Duke proves his case. It is impossible to deny that the
rights of Spanish commerce to the favour we have con-
ceded to that of Venezuela and of the United States, as to
bringing sugar into our home market, are forcibly
put and emphatically illustrated. Even under the
treaty of 1783, which renewed all the conditions affecting
the relations of the two Crowns that were comprised in
that of 1713, the Duke of SOTOMAYOR is justified in
maintaining that these are terms which would include
the present demands of Spain, to the extent in which
they had been allowed before. But here is precisely the
point which Lord ABERDEEN puts in issue ; and we can-
not see how the Spanish Minister is to escape from it.
He demonstrates that whilst the treaties of 1617 and
1713 secure to the subjects of Spain and England recipro-
cally, each from the Government of the other the same
privileges as were then enjoyed by the most favoured
nations ; there were, in respect of the trade of the West
India colonies of either Monarchy, no favoured foreign
nations. By a reference to the language of the very
atticle in the treaty of 1670, on which the Duke most
confidently relies, the Earl of ABERDEEN, with
equal diplomatic tact, and more historical accaracy,
clearly proves that it was the darling object of each of
the two Sovereigns, at the very date of the instrument,
to guard scrupulously against, and sternly to prohibit,
the subjects of the other from visiting that part of his
dominions. Other stipulations were concurrently in
force that expressly excepted them from the scope of
any " privileges" accorded to foreign subjects in rela-
tion to any other countries. These West Indian pos-
sessions Lord ABERDEEN, therefore, insists, never came
within the spirit or meaning of any of these treaties.
The force of this reasoning is much enhanced by the
facts—First, that in 1814, at the close of the war, it
was stipulated, that in the event of the Spanish colonies
in America being opened to foreign trade, that of Great
Britain should be on the footing of the most favoured
nation. But it is an admitted fact between both parties
that, up to that time, Spain had not opened her colonial
trade. How does the Duke of SOTOMAYOR escape from
the necessary inference to be deduced from the circum-
stance of Spain, in 1814, not having fulfilled, on her own
part, those conditions, in virtue of which alone she can
exact from us the execution of our contract according to
her interpretation? He brings forward the decree of the
Spanish Government in 1824, declaring (when she had
no longer any power to restrain them) that the
Spanish colonies in America were open to sll nations.
But in the result of their political struggles with the
mother country they had in the meantime thrown off the
yoke, as Lord ABERDEEN, with more truth than deli-
cacy, terms it, of Spain. Mr. CANNING, in 1822, having
called " his new world into existence," had executed
treaties with them as independent States. If, therefore,
there had previously existed, either in letter or spirit, a
bona fide compact upon this point between the two
Crowr.s, Spain had torn the seal from the bond. She
had no longer that to give which she had stipulated
in its recital to bestow. This seems to us the short
justification of that conduct in the British Go-
vernment, which his Lordship has ably vindicated. The
Foreign Secretary rather hints at than enters into
other considerations to be alleged for the favour shown
to the sugar of Venezuela and the United States, over
those of Porto Rico and Cuba. Though given under
treaty by anticipation only, it might have been intended
as an inducement to the former States to abolish slave-
trading. In any case, Lord ABERDEEN has clearly felt
the imperative necessity of establishing our own cha-
racter for good faith and honour in respect of these ne-
gotiations, and has done justice to the great duty
which it devolved upon him to discharge.

We are mortified at the remarkable confirmation whieh
the sort of naval review, in the presence of her MA-
JESTY last week, has afforded to those animadversions
which we have so frequently found ourselves compelled
to pass on the system pursued by the Admiralty for the
manning of the navy. Of course these animadversions
were founded much more on reports sanctioned by,
or immediately emanating from, the highest pro-
fessional authority, than from such opportunities
of personal observation as we have been able to
command, or from any unassisted judgment of our own
that we could pretend to exercise. We are rather,
therefore, to lament that the evolutions of the ex-
perimental squadron have rendered Captain BERKELEY,
Sir CHARLES NAPIER, and other eminent offi-
cers of the service, " prophets in their own country." Is
we should he exceedingly sorry to be ranked among
those who have been accused, and not without reason,
of expatiating on the deficiencies of our naval executive,
with an invidious but evident tendency to magnify the
force and equipment of other navies, that of France
more especialli,—we must protest, beforehand, against
any such misconception of our motives. Whether or
not public attention ought to be specifically directed to
those elements of national force, offensive and defensive,
in which there exist material and destructive deficiencies
it is now too late to inquire. The fact of these defi-
ciencies in the most vital functions of our eflective sea
service has been already distinctly and repeatedly
affirmed, demonstrated, and discussed in the House of
Commons, and in the columns of one-half of the public
journals of the United Kingdom. Any hypothetical evil
that might have been anticipated from this publicity has
been at once ascertained and compensated for by the
amount o (practical reform which it has stimulated,—
achieving much, and setting in motion more, in the im-
provement of those departments that most urgently re
quired revision. Indeed, notwithstanding the lamentable
deficiencies of which we have still to complain, it is with
increased confidence that we look forward to their imme-
diate permanent removal. Far from being justly ob-
noxious to censure for their unremitted exertions in as-
certaining (through the mists of no little official misre-
presentation and professional prejudice) the true bear-
ings and relations of what in time of war would
inevitably prove so many disorganising principles, de-
structive in precise proportion to our previous inade-
quate knowledge of them, Sir CHARLES NAPIER and the
other independent officers, Members of Parliament and
others, who have so opportunely and so frankly spoken
out, are entitled to the lasting gratitude of the country
for the course they have taken. Of what use is it now to
regret that such an expression of our naval mismanage-
ment, and the ineffectiveness of many important branches
of the service, of the perfect condition of which we had
been previously desiri d by the Government to be perfectly
satisfied, should have been thus publicly made in the
face of France and of all the world ? The thing is done,
and cannot be recalled. But let us, instead of sitting
down,like spoiled schoolboy s,to whine over the humiliation,
such as it is, of our disappointment, address ourselves with
the calm and steadfast energy of man to repair the errors
which have produced that disappointment. It is, thank
GOD, still in our power to amend these things in good
time ; and from what has happened, we may be assured
that nothing short of a radical and universal scheme of
amelioration will be accepted by the public.
The inexcusable folly, so long and blindly persisted in
by the Admiralty, of sending out ships of the line with
" reduced complements," not because they have less
metal to carry, less canvass to hand, less steerage to
attend to, less vicissitudes of wind and weather to en-
counter, less occasion for prompt evolutions and able
hands to accomplish them, but because it is
a time of peace ; this folly draws near, we
will predict, to the term of its deplorable in-
fluence. The QUEEN of the greatest naval and
maritime State that ever existed has been a witness of
the slovenly manoeuvring of a fleet composed of some
of the most magnificent and formidable ships that were
ever built. Signals so tardily answered that they must
be presumed not to have been understood, and precon-
certed movements disconcerted in their execution, these
appear to have been among the " surprises" with which
her MAJESTY was regaled at a grand parade naval re-
view—of a crack squadron commanded by officers of un-
doubted ability and excellence. Their professional
skill—as little to be doubted as their personal intrepidity
or the native courage of the officers and men who sailed
under them—was unequal to the task, it seems, of main-
taining the past character of British seamanship for un-
exampled rapidity and precision. The Trafalgar, alone,
we perceive by one account, answered signals,
and manoeuvred with facility and exactness.
This fine first-rate had by no means her full
complement of able seamen on board ; but then
those which she had were experienced hands, who hsd,
on being paid off from one snip, been entered on another,
instead of quitting the service for a protracted period,
in which they lose all they have ever learned. These
men had formed, before joining the Trafalgar, a part
of the crews of other two first-rates successively. They
were, therefore, not only able for their duty but up to
their work. Of other first and second-rates, one boasted
80 able seamen, another 36, out of full complements
varying from 700 to 850 men. We are sincerely grieved
for the mortification her MAJESTY must have expe-
rienced at Spithead ; but we hope and believe, at the
same time, that it will be productive of unmixed good by
ensuring an early and vigorous remedy for such un-
sightly failures.
The influence of bad example is a trite subject of re-
mark with moralists and philosophers. The navy sup-
plies another illustraticn of that influence. As if the
Admiralty had not done mischief enough by the " re-
duced complement" system, the officers whom it has for
some time commissioned appear to have been indulging
in the sort of foppery which dictates the choice of foot-
men at the west-end of the town, or the standard for
troopers in the Household Brigade. In 1845, it seems
we have captains of the navy who reject " good men and
true," on applying to be entered, because of their being
not above five feet six inches in height ! Their patronage
is given to those whom it is their pride to exhibit as a
ship's company of " fine fellows, six feet high." The
brave tars who followed NELSON to victory were what
the majority are of our soldiers who have endured the
severest campaigns, and won the most brilliant victo-
ries—short men. NELSON, every body knows, was
a very short man ; and WELLINGTON is not
a giant in his boots, however lofty in his
spirit and achievements. Let a determined stop, for
Heaven's sake, be put to this coxcombry, which is
disgraceful to the navy it intends to adorn. Get your
able seamen, whatever their stature. Nor is this all :
retain them. How will you get them, when, unlike that
spirited commander, Admiral RowLEv, you offer no in-
ducement of adequately improved pay and allowances,
and permanency of engagement, either to mark an ho-
nourable distinction between them and ordinary seamen
or landsmen ? How will you retain them, if, the mo-
ment your turn is served, and the exigency under which

saint.

On many occasions we have had to call the attention
of our readers to the flagrant enormity of the dispropor-
tion between the legalised costs decreed against offenders
over whom the Magistrates exercise summary jurisdic-
tion, and the amount of damages found against or fine
levied upon the same parties. But the cases we have
hitherto adduced on such occasions are comparatively
trivial in the character of their vexatiousness, and the
disparity of the penalty to the offence, when put side by
side with that which we noticed in our paper of yester-
day. A poor man was charged on Wednesday last, be-
fore the Magistrates of the Egham division of the
County of Surrey, with having cut down grass of the
value of four farthings, on the edge of a ditch upon the
farm of one LANE. The man, ROSE, was convicted of
having committed damage to the extent of four far-
things—no doubt an exceedingly heinous offence, and
far be it from us to palliate it. If a penny saved
be aq penny gained, according to the assurance of
the old proverb, a penny insidiously purloined from the
sacred purlieus of a man's ditch, must be at least the
square of four pennies ; and that is a large allowance.
But what was the sum of the costs actually decreed
against this formidable agrarian felon who had, out of
an overweening affection for his donkey, we presume,
clandestinely, but in a moment of reckless sympathy,
cut down a part of the valuable growing crop which
adorned and gave importance to the brink of a fosse ?
Some 150 times the amount of the assessed damage.
Thirteen shillings and sixpence was the modest demand,
en nomine expensarum, of the enlightened bench, conse-
quent on damages assessed of the amount of one penny.
Within the memory of most living men, we believe that
the price of hay has not risen to such a price as it was
fetching in the Spring, 71. a load. Supposing that the
present season promised no better grass crop than that
of last year, and that this rustic plunderer had cut down,
that is if he could, so much of the matchless bordering of
this inviolable ditch-bank as would have amounted to the
equivalent, dried, of a truss of hay ; the Egham bench
having ordered him to pay 4s. fur the "damages," ought
to have sentenced him, on their own rules of proportion,
to 150 times four shillings as costs—say 301. sterling.
This may seem very absurd to uninformed people, who
have never learned to believe with the earlier sages
among our legal commentators, "that the law is the
perfection of common sense." But to talk, after this,
of agricultural protection ? What is the necessity for
it ? Any speculative farmer who has surrounded his
homestead, like some retired burgomaster in the suburbs
of Leyden, or a rich Landdrost in his canal-encircled
domain in Batavia, with a ditch of banks as verdant as
its waters, may realise upon a few roods of land a more
profitable return than other men can derive in these
times from ten well cultivated acres. Let him only
leave his gates open o' nights, so that whether "at early
dawn or on dewy eve," these wayfaring interlopers may
test the quality of the neglected herbage on the borders
of his walks or the edges of his ditches, and he will

The remaining clauses of the Bill were then passed,
and the report was ordered to be brought up this day.
The House afterwards went into Committee on the
Lunatics Asylum and Pauper Lunatics Bill, and 43

THE SUN, LONDON, THU'RSDAI MORNiNG, JULY 3, 1845.

you called for them has passed away, you cut them off,
dismiss them to indolenee and poverty, or the accidents
of better fortune (which you do nothing to ensure for
them), and turn them upon the world with barely a cer-
tificate of good conduct to reward them for their eminent
and efficient services? There must be provision made for
able seamen, on being paid off, so as to guarantee their
services to the State when required, and a subsistence
for themselves when they are not required, conditional
on their entering into the services of no other power.
Incorporate a sufficient body. of these men into your
ship's crews, and the improvement of the skill,:alacrity,
and discipline of the men, will be as rapid as extensive.
Is there one man in the House of Commons who would
balance the cost of effecting so vast and so immediate
a regeneration of the effective branch of our naval ser-
vice against the incalculable benefits to be derived
from it? We do not believe there is. Let this be
strenuously insisted upon, speedily adopted, and all that
is wanting to economise, and give increased effect to
improvement in sailing power, armament, placing of ma-
chinery, &c., will follow as matters of course, in certain,
easy, and harmonious order. We are well pleased, we
repeat, that her Majesty has visited Spithead on this
occasion.

In the Madrid journals of the 24th ult. a new version
is given to the statement published in the Gavle, an-
nouncing that the bank of San Fernando had suspended
all discounts. The secretary of the bank, by order of
the directors, had address..d a letter to the Espanol
journal, explaining that, in suspending their discounts
for the moment, they had only exercised a sound dis-
cretion. They add, " The San Fernando hank may
pursue this course without its being concluded, because
it refuses to receive bills at a certain hour, that it closes
its coffers on discounts, or permanently suspends them.
It has never thought of it, still less when its own ac-
ceptances are in question."
The Opposition journals approved of the circular
issued by NARVAEZ respecting the family of Don CARLOS.
According to the Tien,'" the abdication was r, s,lvcd o❑
solely to further the views of the CarEsts. Everything
had been prepared for organising the Government of the
Prince of ASTURIAS, when married to the QUEEN, by
nominating his Ministers and making extensive promo-
tions in the army.

The Buurse was closed on the 24th in honour of some

In the-. French Chamber of Deputies, on Monday, a
motion was made by M. BEAUMONT to postpone till next
session three important railway Bills—namely, those for
Paris and Strasburg, Tours and Nantes, and Dieppe and
Fecamp ; but, after some discussion, the motion was ne-
gatived, and the Chamber proceeded with the Tours and
Nantes Bill. The Journal des Debats thus adverts to
the proposition for delay :—" It is said that a financial
objection exists, that the Northern, the Lyons, and the
Avignon railroads will absorb all the capital of the country;
and to avoid a crisis it becomes necessary to postpone two
lines of such crisiderable extent as those to Strasburg and
to Nantes. Those who make such an objection lose sight
of an essential circumstance. The Northern railroad alone
requires considerable capital for two-thirds of the ex-
pense. But the shareholders will have five or six years
to provide the capital fur the Lyons and Avignon roads.
This is a sufficient guart ntee against the market being en-
cumbered with shares. The last two roads cannot be
adjudicated on before six months. As to the Strasburg
road, if it were even voted at present, the company bid-
ding for it would not have any capital to disburse until
the Government should have completed the embank.
ments and the works of art. Another fact is worthy
of consideration. German and English capitalists
have subscribed for half the shares in the Strasburg
railroad. But British capital is anxiously sought in the
two Peninsulas and in Germany. Is it not to be feared
that British capitalists may yield to the temptation ?"
On the same day the sum of 2,650,000 f. was voted for
the repairs of Notre Dame. The preparations for this
work had already commenced, by propping up all the
parts which appear dangerous ; and it is understood that
the repairs will be proceeded with promptly and on an
extensive scale. The Constitutionnel says the pass-
ports for Don CenLos had been delivered to him
at Bourges, by an aide-de-camp of Marshal SOULT,
M. DE TINAN, who is to accompany the family to Greouls,
in the department of the Gard. We find we were
led into error yesterday respecting the amount of
the sums voted by the Chamber of Deputies,
for the repairs of the harbours of Boulogne, Calais, and
Dunkirk. According to the published report of the
proceedings, the following are the estimates voted :
Boulogne, 1,000,000 E (40,00010 ; Calais, 500,000 f.
(20,0001) ; and Dunkirk, for a wet dock at that place'
8,000,0001(320,0001.)
In the course of Monday a considerable fall took
place in the Funds on the Paris Bourse.
The Three per Cents. closed at 831. 50c.; the New Loan
at 831. 90c. ; the Five per Cents. at 121 f 50c. ; Orleans
Railroad Shares, 1,160 f. ; Rouen, 1,030 f. ; Vierzon, 7501. ;
Havre, 832 f. 50e.; Avignon, 9701. ; Basle, 250 f. ; Spanish
Three per Cents, 41; Ditto Passives, 71.
The following are the quotations for the new

Orleans and Bordeaux, 170 f. premium ; Boulogne, 110 f.
ditto ; Troyes and Montereau, 25f.; Paris and Lyons
(Laffitte), 20f. ; ditto (Calon), If. ; ditto (Ganneron),
10f. ; Northern line (Laffitte), 32f. 50c. ; ditto (Rosamel),
61. 50c ; Tours and Nantes (Mackenzie), Bf. 50c. ; ditto
(Drouillard), par; ditto (O'Neill), 31. 50c.; ditto (Jacques
Lefevre), par ; Lyons and Avignon (Lecointe),l2l. 50c ; ditto
(Talabot), 37f. 50c. ; ditto (Compagnie Meridionale), Bf. 50c. ;
' par; Paris
Bordeaux and Toulouse (Mackenzie), par. ; ditto and Cette
and(ELs eotlNer
Strasbourg
JUNEuasb)'°3rgf.(s°Gacnner)'loE ; Dijon and Mulbausen, par.
27.—Avignon Creil and St. Quentin
and Marseilles, 9801., end of
June ; Paris and Orleans, 1,170 E, ditto ; Paris and Rouen,
1,0401., ditto; Orleans and Vierzon, 7261., ditto; Orleans
and Bordeaux, 645 f., ditto ; Boulogne, 580 f., ditto ; Monte-
reau, 5301., for the 15th of July.

THE SUGARS OP CUBA AND PORTO RICO.—Sir R. Peel
coonso n Tuesday
copies of evening laid on the table of the House of
correspondence Coin. respecting the claim of
Spain, that the stezars of Cuba and Porto Rico should
be admitted into the United Kingdom upon the same
terms as the sugars of the United States and Venezuela.
This correspondence consists of two letters—one from
the Duke of Sotomayor to Lord Aberdeen, and the other
from Lord Aberdeen in reply. The letters extend
to great length. The Duke contends that all the
provisions of the treaties of 1713 and 1783 were
extended to the colonial possessions of Spain since
the commerce of the Spanish colonies was opened
to foreigners in 1824. And he adds—" Though this
argument is in itself incontestable, it receives a corrobo-
ration which dots not admit of any rational reply on
bearing in mind that the British Government itself re-
cognised its force by exempting from the high duties
which are the object of the present application the
sugars proceeding from her Catholic Majesty's domi-
nions is the Philippine islands. He therefore hopes
that these statements will have due weight with
the British Government, and that the sugars will
be admitted on the terms demanded." Lord Aber-
deen denies the validity of the claim in these
words :—" Her Majesty's Government have duly exa-
mined the differ( nt treaties subsisting between the two
countries, and have attentively considered the various
arguments advanced in the Duke of Sotomayor's note ;
and it now becomes the duty of the undersigned to de-
clare to the Duke of Sotomayor, that her Majesty's Go-
vernment cannot admit that, either in the early treaties
between the two Crowns, or in the later decrees of her
Catholic Majesty. or in the acts of the Parliament of this
country, any valid ground is to be found for the demand
with which that note concludes, namely, that the sugar
of Cuba and Porto Rico should be admitted into British
ports on the footing of sugar of the United States and
Venezuela." This subject is likely to give rise to im-
portant discussions.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
(From The Sun of Last Night.)
There was a :large amount of business done at Liverpool
yesterday in Cotton—viz., 10,000 bales, including 4,000 Ame-
rican, on speculation. Prices were rather firmer, and the
middling and low qualities were quoted %d. per
lb. higher. The better sorts were at previous
rates. There was only a small business done
in Shares, and former prices were scarcely maintained.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, JULY I.—The sales are
—Barnsley Junction 7 ; Ditto, Half Shares, 3 7-16 ; Black-
burn, Burnley, and Accrington, 9%; Blackburn, Clitheroe,
and North Western Junction, 1% prem. ; Bolton, Wigan,
and Liverpool, 16% ; Cambridge and Lincoln, 5 ;
Clitheroe Junction, % ; Dei by and Crewe, 3 ; Direct
Northern, ; Dublin and Drogheda, 103 ; Edinburgh and
Glasgow, 761/2 ; Erewash Valley, 3214; Exeter, Yeovil, and
Dorchester, 13s. ; Glasgow and Dumfries, 21s. ; Goole, Don-
caster, Sheffield, and Manchester Junction, Fry Great
Grimsby and Sheffield Junction, Quarter Shares, ; Hud-
dersfield and Manchester Railway and Canal, 8%; eeds and
Thirsk, 7 ; Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester, 163/4 1/2
Leeds and West Riding Junction, 434 13-16 ; Leicester and
Birmingham, 134 ; Liverpool, Ormskirk, and Preston,2 15-16;
London and Worcester, Oxford and Rugby, 1%; London and
York, 33/4 ; Manchester, Bury, and Rossendale, 1714 ; Man-
chester, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 5% ; Manchester and
Birmingham Continuation and Welsh Junction, 1% 13-16;
Manchester and Leeds, Quarter Shares, 25%; Midland Rail-
way Consols, 401. Shares, 291 h, ; Newcastle and Berwick,
19Ch ; Newcastle, Durham, and Lancashire, % 3/4 prem. ;
North Eastern, ss. 4s. prem. ; North Staffordshire, 4 1-16 ;
North Western, 4%; Nottingham, Erewash, Ambergate, and
Manchester, 17s. 6d. 16s. prem. ; Shrewsbury, Hereford, and
North Wales, 3 2% ; South Eastern and Dover, No. 1, 183/4 ;
Ditto, No. 3,8% 1/2 ; Trent Valley Continuation and Holy-
head Junction, 2% ; Wakefield, Pontefract, and Goole, 20 ;
West Yorkshire, 3 13-16 34 ; Whitehaven and Furness, 3 ;
York and Carlisle, 4% ; Great Northern of France (Eng
Esti), 514.

in—ost prompt measures have been taken by the leading
merchants of the Canada trade to forward as large a sum as
possible by the next Halifax steamer to alleviate the distress
and destitution of those inhabitants of Quebec who have been
deprived of every thing by the awful fire which has occurred,
and the details of which are set forth in the appeal already
made public for and from the inhabitants of the mother
country. A committee has been formed, at the head of which
are the principal merchants of the City, to carry out most
fully the object of the address (published in this journal),
and there cannot be a doubt that at the meeting to be held
on Friday, at which the Lord Mayor will preside, a ready de-
sire will be shown to raise a sum adeqquate for the occasion.
It is satisfactory to state that the most earnest desire has
been exhibited by the merchants of all descriptions of colonial
and other trades, in aid of the funds to be collected here. A
very full meeting may, therefore, be anticipated, and we
hope to see the great room of the London Tavern crowded
to excess on the important occasion. _ _

There have not been any colonial arrivals of interest to-day.
The letters by the Overland Mail have not been delivered
up to the present hour. As respects commercial affairs, we
are led to believe that many orders for goods may now be
expected.
The English Securities- continue quiet. Consols are 9874,
to 99. Exchequer-bills have been 535. to 565. premium.
The New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. are 102 to 10218.
Bank Stock is worth 2111/2.
Spanish Active Bonds have been down to 27% 14, but
the Three per Cents. continue at 39% 14. Portuguese Con-
verted have been 651/, 3/4. Mexican are 3634, and Colom-
bian 18 to 173/4. Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., ex
dividend, have been 39% to 14.
The Share Market is buoyant again. South-Eastern
New, No. 3, have touched 8% premium, and North Kent
have been down to par. Brighton are well supported—
Cambridge and Lincoln are flat—London and York are
better maintained at yesterday afternoon's rise, and Direct
Northern have been lower.

ONE CLOSING
PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Bank Stock .. . ........... .....211% 211%
3 per Cent. Reduced
New 3% per Cents 102% 102 102
Long Annuities to expire Jan.lB6o 11A% 1114
India Bonds, 1,0001..
Ditto under 1,0004 ..
Consols for Opening 98% 99 99
Exchequer Bills, 1,0004, I%d 53 56 pm. 56
Ditto 5001. .
Ditto Small

ONE
O'CLOCK.

CLOSING
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. PRICES.
Buenos Ayres Bonds 6 per Cent. 46
Columbian Bonds, ex Venezuela. 18 173/ 173/4
Mexican, 5 per Cent. 1837 ...... ... —361 A
Ditto, Account
Ditto, Deferred —211 A
Portuguese 5 per Cents. —
Ditto, Converted 6s3j' 1,4 651/.,
Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840
Ditto. Account
Ditto, Passive
Ditto 3 per Cent. .. . ... 39% 39%
Ditto Account
Belgian 41/2 per Cent. ...... 98%
Dutch, 21/2 per Cent
Ditto, 4 per Cent., Certific 99 99
PRICES OF PAID. A ONE O'CLOCK. CLOSING
RAILWAY SHARES PRICES

Aberdeen
Armagh, Coleraine, and
Portrush l% 2..
Birmin. and Gloucester. 100
Ditto 1/2 Shares
Bristol and Exeter
Do. New .
Cate,lonian
Ditto Extension ...... 21/2.. ... 2%
Cambridge and Lincoln 11/2.-- 4%
Chester and Holyhead... 10
Chichester and Brighton 20
iliurnet Valley
Coventry and Leicester 114 ll '
Cornwall
--Al

95%

Direct Northern
I ,üblin and Belfast June 211/2 8 7;A
Dublin and Galway..... 21//2 3304.
Dublin and Mullingar... 21,4 4 3%...
Eastern Counties. 141. 165...... 213% 22 ..
Ditto New 41. 16s.
Ditto Perpetual, 5 per
Cent, No. 1....51.135. 4d —
Ditto ditto, No. 2. l3s. 4d... 01/2..
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50
Ely and Bedford
Great Grimsby and Shef-
field
Great South. and West
(Ireland)
Ditto Extension
Great North of Scotland 2%
Great North of England..100
Great Western
Ditto Half Shares
Ditto, Fifths
Guildford, Fare'm,Ports. 2% ~. . 3IA
Hull and Selby SO
Do. Half Shares ...... 2 .—.. 24
London and Birminghm (5t0ck)...242 243% 243%
Do. New Thirds
Do. 1% Shares
..
London and Blackwall. 16/.133.4d. 9%14,3A
...
...... 934
London and Brighton... 50
London and Croydon, 13/. 15s. 9d. 2134% 2114
Do. New l3s 4d 1%.
Lond. & S.Western 411 6s 10d B2 ........ , .... 81
Do. Consolidated Bths 12 —
Do. New
Do. New
London and York 2l/2 33/4%% . 3%
London, Salisbury, and

Yeovil
Londonderry and Ennis-
killen ... 21,4 31,4
Lynn and Ely
Manchester and Leeds... 76 173 . .
Manchester, Buxton, and ...

4%
2:21%
111 A

2%
3%
6
174

Matloc
Midland 100 lBB 189 188 lB9
Do. New
Newcastle and Darling-
ton Junction ... 25 ...... ... ..... ... ~ 54
Do. New Brandling... 10
Newcastle and 13erwick 11
Newry and Enniskillen. 210 ..... 4LA 414
Newark and SLeffield .. 1 A...... 2% 2 ......
North
Do. New British
1
North Kent
North Wales
Norwich and Brandon... 10
Do., New . 1
Oxford and Worcesttr... 21,1 6l/ 6
Portsmouth Direct ...... 2% 3% 4% 414
Richmondand West End

Junction
Rugby, Worstr, & Tring 1
Scottish Central
Scottish Midland ' 1%. ... 2%
Shrewsbury, Hereford,
and North Wales 23/4
South Eastern & Dover 3312 s 4d 48% 48
Do., No. 1.. 8
Do., No. 2.
Do., No. 3
Staines and Richmond 1
.Staffordsh. & Shropshire 23/4 ... ....... ...
south Wales ..... ... 21/ 5%
Trent Valley and Holy-
head Junction
Waterford and Kilkenny 1 ..,... ...... ..:
Welch Midland
Wilts, Somerset, & Wey-
mouth
York and North Midland 50 112
Ditto Scarboro' Branch. 25
Do. Extension

THE REPEAL MEMBERS.-Mr. Smith O'Brien and
Mr. John O'Coiinell havir.g been summoned by the
Chairman of the Committee of Selection to serve on
Railway Committees on the 14th instant, the two Hon.
Members have announced to the Chairman that they re-
fuse to attend, and deny the power of the House to en-
torce the order. Mr. O'Brien says, " I trust that the
Committee ?fSelt ction will not think that I am
by any feeling of disrespect towards them, or towards
the House of Commons, when I inform them that it is,
my intention not to serve on any Committees, exept such
as may. be appointed with reference to the affairs of
Ireland. ' Mr. John O'Connell says, prompted
de-
cline attending." " I absolutely

FOREIGN RAILWAY,,.
Boulogne and Amiens... 6
Bordeaux and Toulouse 2
Bordeaux,Toulouse, and
Cet te
Great North. of France
(Laffitte's)
Do. do. (Hosamel's) 2 ...... 2 %IA
Jamaica Juncti0n......... 1%
Do. South Midlnd. Junc. 1
Louvain and Jemeppe... 4 ... . ........ •••
Namur and Liege
Orleans and Vierzon ... 6
Orleans and Bordeaux... 4
Over Yssel 413 s 4d 0 % %
Paris & Lyons, Laffitte's '
Paris and Orleans 2O
Paris and Rouen - ..... ...
Paris and Strasbourg
(Ganneron's) ... 2
Rouen and Havre ...... 16
Sambre and Meuse ~... 4
Tours and Nantes, Mac-
kenzie's
Verona and Anc0na...... .1.

6%
24
3%
48

REPRESENTATION OF Ross AND CROMARTY.—Refer-
ring to our notice, in the Third Edition of our Satur-
teirday's paper, to the rumour of an expected vacancy
in the representation of Ross and Cromarty, and to the
letter from the present tic% Member for these counties,
in our caper of Monday, contradicting the report of his
having any intention of retiring, and which we there-
fore cannot doubt is unfounded, we beg to mention that
our notice of it was founded on information received from
the county and from Edinburgh ; and that we find
from the Ross•-shire paper of last week, published before
the date of our notice, that the rumours alluded to were
prevalent there ; and that we know that in Edinburgh
it was stated, before our notice appeared, by parties who
might be supposed acquainted with the facts, that the
worthy and Hon. Baronet we referred to intended forth-
with publicly addressing the electors as a candidate on
the occurrence of a vacancy, either by the retirement of
the present Member, or a dissolution.

n
2%

44%
161,4
11%

THE RUSSIAN MARKET FOR REFINED SUGAR.—
The Russian Government has thrown open the markets of that
country for a twelvemonth, and it is said that the English refiners
are preparing " refined goods," that is, sugars, for that market
with se much vigour, that they will be able to send in a supply for
two or three years. This is one cause of the present activity of the
sugar refining trade —Liverpool Times.
On Sunday morning last, upon the congrevation
assembling at the Independent Chapel, Swansea, they found the
doors fastened wi,h apadlock, which had been put on by five indi
viduals of the church who disagreed with their preacher as to
certain points of doctrine, and were, moreover, averse to him be-
cause he was a teetotaller.—Bristol Journal.
UANALS AND RAILWAYS,---At a meeting held on
Tuesday at the City of London Tavern of the London Proprietors of
the Kennel and Avon Canal, it was unanimously resolved to re-
quest the Committee of Management to take measures to ascertain
if it will be practicable and desirable to convert that canal into a
railway.

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