The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-11 00:00:00

Mr. W. Bennett, of Lewse. Farm, near Dunstable,
Bedfordshire, a pen of three.2l months old Down and
Leicester cross wethers, bred by himself.--Second
prize, 51.
Mr. C. Toinson, of Sundon, bear Luton, Beds, a pen
of three 2l inorahs old Southdcwn and Gloucester cross
wether%, bred by himself.—First prize, 101, and silver
medal.

EXTRA STOCK.—LONGAVOOLLED SHEEP.
Mr. Charles Large, of Broalwell, Oxfordshire, a 56
months old New OxfOrdshire ewe, bred by hiras.elf.—
Silver medal.

Class 13.—Short-woolled fat wther sheep, 1 year old.
restrietions,ts to feeding.
His Grace the Duke of llichoond, of Goodwood, near
Chichester, Sussex, a pen of time 20 months old South-
down wethers, bred by hit Grace.—Second prize, 51.
Mr. Samuel Webb, of Babfaham, near Cambridge, a
pen of three 20 months old Southdown wethers, bred by
Mr. J. Webb, of Babraham.--Tirst prize, 201. and silver
meth'.

Class 14.—Short-woolled fat %I-ether sheep, 1 year old,
under eight stone weight, vithout restrictions as to
feeding.
Mr. Henry Upton, of Oving, near Chichester, Sussex,
a pen of three :20 months old Southdown wethers, bred
by Mr. A. Pinnix.—Prize, 101., gold medal, and silver
medal.

Class 15.—Short-woolled fat wether sheep, 2 years old,

without restrictions as to feeding.
Mr. E. G. Barnard. M.P., of Gosfleld Hall, near Hal-
stead, Essex, a pen of three M months old Southdown
wethers, bred by himself.—F.rst prize, 201. and silver
medal.

Mr. Stephen Grantham, of Stoneham, Sussex, a pen of
three 32 month, old Southdown wethers, bred by him-
sdlf.—See nil 5/.
EXTRA sTocK..—SHORT-WOOLLED SHEEP.
Mr. John Harris, of Hinton, near Abingdon, Berk-
shire, a 21 months old Southdown va;thcr, bred by him-
self.— Silver medal.

PIGS.
Class 16.—Pigs, of any breed, above 13 and under 26

weeks n!cl.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert, of Windsor
Castle, a pen of three 25 weeks and 4 days old Suffolk
and Bedfordshire pigs, bred by hit Royal Highness, and
fed on milk, barleymeal, and peal:val.—Second prize, 5/.
Mr. W. P. Hobbs, of Marks-hall, near Kelvedon,
Essex, a pen of three 25 weeks ant 4 days old improved
Essex pigs, bred by himself, and fed on oats, peas, meal,
potatoes, mangold-wurzel, and nil:lL—First prize, 101.
vnd silrer medal.

Class 17.—Pigs: of any breed, above 26 and under 52

weeks.old.

Mr. J. Buckley, of Normanton-hill, near Loughbo-
rough, Nottingha►nshire, a pen of three 27 weeks and. 2
days old Neapolitan and Warwickshire pigs, bred by
himself, and fed on barley-flour.—First prize, 101. and
silver medal.

The Right lion. the Earl of Radnor, of Coleshill,
near Faringdon, Berks, a pen of three 44 weeks and 1
day old Coleshill pigs, bred by his Lordship, and fed on
whey, barleymeal, and potatoes.—Second prize, 5/.
EXTRA STOCK.—PIGS.
_ _ _

Mr. W. F. Hobbs, of Marks-hall, near Kelvedon,
Eisex, a 25 weeks and 4 days old improved Essex pig,
bred by himself, and fed on oats, peas, meal, potatoes,
mangold-wurzel, and milk.—Silver medal.

NEW ZEALAND.
The following is the report of the Select Committee
appointed " to inquire into the state of the colony of
New Zealand, and into the proceedings of the New
Zealand Company" :
The duty assigned to your Committee of inquiring
into the state of the colony of New Zealand, and into
the proceedings of the New Zealand Company, and of
reporting their opinion thereupon to the House," they
have found to be one of no ordinary difficulty and deli-
cacy. An attempt at colonisation upon a very great scale,
and of the success of which high expectations had been
formed, has hitherto failed to realise the sanguine
hopes of its projectors. Instead of obtaining those ad-
vantages on which they had confidently reckoned as a
reward for their enterprise, and the privations to which
they have submitted, a large body of British settlers are
at this moment in a situation giving ground for very
serious anxiety, while the lives of several of their num-
ber have been unfortunately sacrificed. These unhappy
results have, moreover, been connected with differences
which have arisen, not only between the settlers and
the colonial authorities,: but also between the New

Zealanl Company (which reckons among its members
many gentlemen of high station and respecta-
bility) and the executive Government at home.
Under such circumstances, it will be obvious

that a very heavy and very unusual responsibility
is thrown upon your Committee when they are called
upon to express an opinion as to the causes of a state of
things so greatly to be lamented ; and though we have
endeavoured to execute this task to the best of our judg-
ment, we submit the result of our deliberations with

much diffidence to the House, and the more so because

the evidence before us, oral and documentary, is so ex-
ceedingly voluminous that we feel it would have required
much more time than was atour disposal to havedigested
it as thoroughly as we could have wished.
It appears to your Committee that the difficulties now
experienced in New Zealand are mainly to be attributed
to the fact, that in the measures which have been taken

for establishing a British colony in these islands, those
rules as to the mode in which colonisation ought to have
been conducted, which have been drawn from reason and

from experience, have not been sufficiently attended to.
When it was first proposed to establish New Zealand

as a British colony dependent upon New South Wales,
Sir George Gipps, the Governor of the latter, in a very
ant...ad.-cos, tutu (town
on which he had framed the Bill which it was his duty to
submit to his Legislative Council for the regulation &the
infant colony of New Zealand :—" The Bill is founded,"

he said, " upon two or three general principles which,
until I lmard them here controverted, I thought were fully
admitted.; and indeed received as political axioms. The first
is, that: the uncivilised inhabitants of any country have
but a qualified dominion over it, or a right of occupancy
only ; Plnd that, until they establish amongst themselves
a settled form of government, and subjugate the ground
to their own uses, by the cultivation of it, they cannot
grant to individuals not of their own tribe any portion
of it, for the simple reason, that they have not them-
selves any individual property in it. Secondly, that if a
settlement be made in any such country by a civilised
power, the right of pre-emption of the soil—or, in other
words, the right of extinguishing the native title, is ex-
clusively in the government of that power, and cannot
be enjoyed by individuals without the consent of their
Government. The third principle is, that neither indi-
viduals, nor bodies of men belonging to any nation, can
form colonies, except with the consent, and under the
direction and control, of their own Government ; and
that from any settlement which they may form without
the consent of their Government they may be ousted.
This is simply to say, as far as Englishmen are con-
cerned, that colonies cannot be formed without the con-
sent of the Crown." _ _

Referring to the speech of Sir George Gipps for the
argument in support of these rules, it may be observed,
that, with reference to New Zealand, they were, to a
certain extent, infringed by the irregular settlement
of British subjects on the shores of these islands,
which began many years ago ; but they seem to
have been first openly and deliberately departed from,
when an attempt was made by the New Zealand
Company to establish a colony, not only without the
sanction, but in direct defiance of the authority of the
Crown. This attempt led at once to a violation of the
law by the first settlers entering into a voluntary agree-
ment for the establishment of an authority by which
they hoped, in the absence of any legitimate power, to
maintain order amongst themselves. The illegality of
this arrangement was pointed out to the Company by
the then Secretary of State ; but the expedition sent
out to found what was to be, in fact, though unautho-
rised, a British colony, had already sailed. It is to be
regretted that more decisive measures were not adopted
for preventing the sailing of the expedition under these
circumstances, since it appears important with reference
to the future to observe, that such unauthorised attempts
at colonisation cannot be permitted without leading to
the most serious inconvenience. When large numbers
of British subjects have established themselves in distant
regions, inhabited only by barbarous tribes, it is impos-
sible for her Majesty's Government to leave them ex-
posed, without protection, to the dangers which their
own rashness may draw down upon them, or to allow
them to exercise, without control, and perhaps to abuse
the power which their superior civilisation gives them
over the rude natives. of the soil. Hence every new

establishment of this kind involves a new demand upon
the military and naval resources of the empire; but
the undue multiplication of such demands must occasion
a very heavy burden on the nation, and it therefore
fellows that enterprises of colonisation should only be
entered upon with the sanction and under the authority
of the Government. In this instance the irregular and
precipitate mode of sending out the first settlers had the
unfortunate effect of placing these settlers and the agents
of the New Zealand Company, from the very outset, on
unfriendly terms with the officer whom her Majesty's
Government found it necessary immediately to dispatch
from England for the purpose of establishing the au-
thority of the Crown in the island of New Zealand ; and
there can be no doubt that this want of a good under-
, standing between those whose cordial co-operation with
each other was so essential to the welfare of the newly-es
tablished colony, has been one of the main causes of the
difficulties with which it has had to contend. In order to
avert these difficulties, which were soon seen to be likely
to arise, a charter of incorporation was afterwards granted
to the New Zealand Company, with the hope of placing
that body in friendly relations with her Majesty's Govern
ment ; but this attempt was defeated, partly by the jea-
lousies created between the respective servants of the Crown
and of the Company, by the error originally committed
by the latter ; partly by other causes of difficulty which
afterwards arose. These are chiefly to be traced to the
means which were adopted for establishing the authority
i of the Crown in New Zealand.
The sovereignty over these islands had, at an earlier
period, been formally disclaimed, and their independence
had been distinctly recognised, both by the Crown and
by Parliament. This course had been pursued because
it was considered, and (by no means upon light grounds)
that it was not advisable to extend British dominion in
these distant regions ; but is adopting this policy it was
overlooked, both by the advisers of the Crown and by
Parliament, that it was impossible to check the tide of
emigration which set so strongly towards the shores of
New Zealand, and that the regular establishment of
British power was the only practical mode of guard-
ing against the evils which could not fail to follow from
permitting a large number of. Europeans to settle among
its uncivilised inhabitants without being subject to any
legitimate authority or control. Looking back at what
I was then done, with the light to be drawn from subse-
quent experience, there is no. room to doubt, that it
would have been far better if British dominion over
these islands had been asserted as early as 1832, or even
1825 ; but a different policy having been at that time

qua WU~~ ~~~