The Sun.
London, England, 1844-03-23 00:00:00

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SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS
FROM Till: MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIMES.—S:r James Graham came before the House last night
to demand the reversal of a deliberate decision four days old. It
could hardly be expected that he should do this with success, nor
did he succeed. We regret, however, to say that his defeat has
not been accompanied with a corresponding triumph on the side
of justice and humanity ; for, strange to say, both the Ten Hours'
Bill and its opponents have for the present suffered defeat. We
really do not know what pretence Sir James Graham has had for
offering this affront to the Legislature. He could not suppose it
to have been taken by surprise- There had been two nights' long
debate, including two long speeches by Sir James himself; and
Previous to that there had been discussion without end, both in
doors and out of doors. He could not suppose that any of Lord
Ashley's supporters on the division of last Monday would come to
his terms when they found Ministers in earnest. There is too
Much self.respect in the House of Commons to expect so base a
sUbrnission. As for the power of importunity, it is great, especi-
ally the golden importunity of the powerful; but Sir James had
roost incontinently wasted that plea. Could a third speech eon.
yen those who listened to two already with increasing antipathy P
Was it expected that a fresh display of Ministerial earnestness
would accelerate and secure the decisions of those who had been
previously deterred by the difficulties of the question? But
there are few who like to be evoked out of mental inde.
vision or indifference to assist in political emergencies. It is
not respectable to be a mere brute addition to the Ministerial
scale. This is not, forsooth, a Ministerial question. It
would not look well—it would cut rather a sorry figure in history
----that Ministers had resigned in favour of twelve hours' daily
work for women and young persons. But .sre we to suppose they
mean a gentle intimation that the country runs some little risk of
losing their services? We must take care what we are about.
If we don't let Sir James Graham keep these people to their work,
Why then—we may possibly lose not only two hours' labour a Jay,
but her Majesty's Ministers into the bargain; and if the former
loss is ruinous, how much more the latter ? Cutting off the two
hours will only shut up the milts; but it Sir James Graham re-
signs, the Constitution is at an end. How nimbly and cheerfully
with what renewed heart and strength—will the poor creatures

run from spindle to spindle after six o'clock on a bright summer's
evening, when they know that they are paying the price of Sir
'limes Graham's multifarious services in the Ilt me-otlice ! On
the other hand, supposing for a moment such a calamity, imagine
the factories closed at six o'clock, and Sir James Gralia,ii spendiug
the spring of 1845 in unofficial though dignified leisure, what a
damp would that national bereavement cast on the amusements or
clecupations of those two or three hundred thousand factory idlers I
Surely
Sir James Graham cannot mean such a threat! Then, why
hark without biting ? That long list of flight Honourable.
in the minority every Minister—every underling —makes
it look like a Ministerial measure. Let there be no

mistake in the matter. Is it a Ministerial question, or
la it nut ? For the benefit of those who are not familiar with
Parliamentary forms, it is as well to explain the particular mode
of procedure by which the House was asked to stultify itself. In
the second, or interpretation clause of the Factory Bill, the word
hifiht was defined as the period from eight o'clock in the evening
to six o'clock on the following morning. Lord Ashley thereupon
moved that " the word night' shall be taken to mean from six
o'clock in the evening to six o'clock in the following morning;
tit'l the word 'meal.t:me' shall be taken to mean an interval of
cessation from work for the purpose of rest and refreshment, at the
rate of two hours a.clay, with a view to effect a limitation of the
hours of labour to ten in the day." The division of last Monday
night was in favour of this amendment. The Bill was thus left
inconsistent with itself. The above amendment, compared with
the clause forbidding young persons and all females to work in Me
7°1014 rendered the Bill a Ten Hours' Bill, as far as those clauses
were concerned. But the eighth clause implicitly allowed them
twelve hours' daily labour. It enacted, "that no young person,
anti no female of any age, shall be emp oyed in a fae.
I'aq in any one day more than twelve hours, or after
the expiration of twelve hours from the time when
anY child or young person in the factory first begins
to work in the morning, over and above the time given for meal.
lintel, save in the cases hereinafter excepted." The alteration,
therefore in the second clause entailed the necessity of altering
the eighth clause, i. e. the word," twelve" to " ten ;" and if Mi.
maters had resigned themselves to the vote of last Monday, they
Would have made this substitution as a matter of course. This
"'eV would not do. Hence the debata of last night, which was
nothing but the old fight over again. This being, then, nothing
else than a third night of the debate, and the chief speakers hay.
left already exhausted themselves and the subject, much novelty
ur interest was not to be expected. The day after the feast is the
hest Part of the feast, some people say ! but it is not so in a Par.
,'
'larsentary debate. Speakers thrust out in the brisk competition
of the first nights now have elbow room. Odds and ends of state.
went and argument are now produced. Remainders are disposed
ef• and forgets remembered. People who delight in the peculia.
ri
t,. rather than in the obviousness of their views, now find a
place which they could not in the broad field of the earlier discus-
- .'°n• The most prominent and the most rational senliment of the
evening was the impropriety of asking the House to convict itself
4'. indiscretion, and perpetuate a burden which it had just pro_
',41 need to be intolerable. What can be more odious than to de.
w_"l, a suffering class to be free, and immediately withdraw the
ord of freedom ?
PosT.--This morning witnessed one of those unaccountable
anomalies which we should perhaps look for in vain, except in the
British House of Commons, Sir James Graham, having moved
that the blank in the eighth clause of the Factory Bill should be
—thiled op with the words " twelve " hours, was left in a minority of
.tee. In consequence of this division, the blank of course still
ittnained ; snd Lord Ashley then moved the insertion of the words
ten" hours. The House divided ; and the same men who had,
i.4.1Y a few minutes before, voted against the Government, now con-
ed a similar compliment on Lord Ashley, and negatived, by a
majority of seven, the identical motion which, on Monday last,
he
Y nad affirmed by one of nine votes. After all the debating that
Lai
taken place on the subject, therefore, the blank in the clause
mats precisely as it did when the Bill first went into Committee.
" though nothing has been done in the House, something very
„.. learned
has, we fear, been effected out of it. The country has
that tho decisions of the House of Commons are based upon
4o More fixed principle than the caprice of the moment, and that,
for anything we can see, the pressing interests of humanity might
k
-4„,* 'II be entrusted to "the hazard of the die" as to a Parliamentary
tt7e. What may be the effect of this morning's proceedings, when
Cy become known in the manufacturing districts, it is melan.
ch Y
to anticipate. Sir James Graham has taken till Monday to
earnestly
what he and his colleagues may determine to do, and we
hope that, among the other topics to which their attention
how
L._ost,/ be tu, they will not forget the labourers in our fac-
sus__
e haverned been now, for four days, excited into joyfulness by the
ih ell,/
that
ii the House of Commons had agreed upon ten hours as
rnit of their daily tail. Will these poor people be able to corn.
:hend the Parliamentary game of chance, by which they have been
thrived of the boon ? Will it be an easy task to convince them
what was just and humane on tint Monday, became unfitting
aqd impolitic on the Saturday of the same week ?

POST-OFFICE NOTICE.
at.T: folloing notice appeared to.day at the General Poit.ofnee,
s• !ztin'sw.le-Grand
Qt'ea to the Public, and Instructions to all Postmasters, Sub-
Postmasters, and Letter Receivers,
" General Postscffice, March, 1844.
41;!314 and from the Ist of April next, letters may be sent unpaid,
„"ance, to the following countries and places, or the postage
~b 7 Paid to destination viz. :—The Austrian dominions, the
ke'e'lty of Cracow, Moldav
ia, Wallachia, Turkey in Europe, toe
ire
with the town of Scutari, in Asia.
kktters may also be sent through France unpaid to the follow.
Itu.Dsi"itices and governments of Southern Poland and Southern
a. viz.
mierltt VOLAND.—The provinces of Cracow, Lublin, and Sando.
•,
satabßUssta.—The Governments of Abkhas, Astrakhan, Bes.
the It:. Caucasus, Circassia, Cossacks of the Black Sea, Cossacks of
ko,n, Daughistan, Ekaterinoslav:, Georgia, Imeretia, Kiew,
14,, sit Mingrelia, Nieolaei, Podolia, Poltonia, Schirwan,
mjehernigow, tichraine, Volhynia, Vowney ; or the postage
ayte Paid as far as Pod once in the one case, or as far as Brody
he '
other, g
c'tt ,he combined British and Foreign rate of postage to be taken
of th'ollle letter, weighing less than a quarter of an ounce, for any
tbove.mentioned countries, will be as follows :—To the
tel an dominions, Is. 5d.; Free City of Cracow, Is. sd. ; City of
!ago4l; is. sd. ; Moldavia and Wallachia, Is. 9d. ; Turkey in
"Qtl-, (Belgrade except) and Scutari in Asia, Is. I Id.;
lexceedingandand Southern 'Russia, is. 6d..
the weight before.mentiened will be charged
"I:tihr
_LeeTPtlltreirinociple adopted with French letters.
Natirtters addressed to Greece, the Archipelago, and the lonian
of 4, Which hitherto could only be paid to the extreme frontier
k't adcince. may in future be paid as far as Trieste, and those which
p,re"ed to the Two Sicilies, the Papal States, Modena, Parma
*ay 'kentia, will not be sent in future through Sardinia, but by
tb-wll, c 4 aaal, F,ustertengor, San Benedetto, to which frontier
t
iZttigiCiLe postage may be paid. The combined British and
dap ate of postage to be taken on a single letter, weighing less
"I)ssl.l4arter of an ounce, to these countries will be Is. 3d. If it
"115:1e1•1 the British rate (only 5d.) may be paid.
irjabeee option of paying the postage to the extreme frontier of
'c °nletters addressed to fiwitzerland, Baden, Bavaria, or
k,AT,ntries served through the office of Tour and Taxis is with.
I,4thrhote letters which are directed to the German and
414 ``(l States, to be „
forwarded through the office of Tour and
°t posted unpaid, must in future be paid to destination.
BY
command, " W. L. MABERLY, Secretary."
17 %tem
,tob,
tt SE OF EXCHA.I
...... CF l2 si
sicht l2 4}
411111are,t(L'iln ......2 U l2 7
41'4111:
1, 4)4, gh ...... M.B l4 0
ell; a
I,tto 31:14Y8' sight 25 75
ktb,illes
(IQa ••• •
ktiltf:x
ftte!ab„t oil Maine l2l
r 44 70, 3us 36
9 58
36i
1,41,0. . •
41•410.:
'vtilh, 44 •
.........

TGE.—(YESTERDAY.)
Gibraltar
Leghorn 3O 65
Genoa 26 5
Milan —
Venice 47
Naples 3Bl
Palermo, per oz ll7
Lisbon 53
Oporto 53
Rio Janeiro 23
Bahia 2B
Buenos Ayres —
NewYork,2ldyssight
Philadelphia —
PRICES OF MILLION, PER OZ.
Foreign Gold, bare,. 17 9
Portugal Gold Coin 3 17 5
New Doubloons-- 0 0 0
New Dollars 0 4 98
Silver in Bars 0 4 Ili

ti 8
which
he
htoes eidready
Ikit, Of the
ritENIX STEAmEn.—The Lords Cobmmfitisted-
t,,, g Nu. -.. Admiralty have ordered
propeller,
bi..' its ieintuan's submarine
wort 'war tried in her Majesty's steamers Bee and
and engine' of V ' hce • with new fitted by the
erse power.
Admiralty
44 n'z it the first war-steamer
llti a g
'it f ere*. if we except the ki ,°' ex.. : (200 horse power),
St inman's dis-
b_t• is _ •-ranents, and has been p
ILactetlde rat
bit. e
surpassed in speed
ust
oy`.nsideration of his propeller having
;1110 ,De in the late trials, conducted by the
'464 ' Mr.
Smith (" the Archimedean screw")
and
dn
the Bee.
"'tit:, -"Uted • when
is the greatest r
r...' 4lese.(l°f the Dwarf tried with this Admiralty,
samep
tal Mile was 12,139 miles, which propeller at
Ained hY a was
Ilk Ile, c • •
AuJettyi. erito commences her en
ains to town till
te ttitt‘
....Theatre in the month of May, And rem
IsresaN
of
Or September and October she is
.engag
engaged by the lin.
gagement at her
il:Dle.,,° the Pergola at Florence, after which she proceeds, to
k. 4+eke;" 115tiVe city, to enjoy some repose there, The fair
t'.itoh, ', subsequently engaged for lour.and-twenty performances
kiri ; and f '
ett by z or twenty representations at ,
`4,rl4)ntlasieaiji•
It i ir• Lumley for next season.
that the Postmaster-General, now Earl
tilts . intends to relinquish his office so soon as arrange.
tlt :t4rt be made for the appointment of his successor.
k:ket:liunderstood that one of the Admiralty steam-
Coati to: otderekto be in readiness on Wednesday or Thursday
I.4.4tine,,,°"eY his Royal Highness Prince Albert and suite toth
"vii the °ll a visit of condolence, it is understood, to their Highs
til,k,!'ecit,,,:eignthg Duke and Duchess and Duchess Dowager o
4,,,,"/' iiileeig,_9otha. His ItoyAl Highness has not visited Ger-.
ki4 Lig ,t, "1, Marriage with the Sovereign, in February, 1840,
:"ttnigb!ehee on the present occasion is not expected to exceed
tet ,_ ; or three weeks, during which period the Court is ex-
trrixiiiita
IOP Lori
1, li,k; etnain in town.
DoL—Captain Fisher, R.N. the
ir,!rk the ,irbour-master, a few days ago received orders
lotto
yo re 11
, L -layor fur the removal of the Atlas and Reso-
-4 tkvest -e", Which had been sunk in the lower part of
Ivigatiti Reach, and form dangerous obstructions to the
414:13,14:n4g of the river. He has received instructions to adopt
4,llVitli f accomplishing the object, either by blowing
I)..vitiablrilPevrder or by lohing, he ma most
'eAaritti' anQ he is now engugaged an making theconsider necessary
on 3.