The Sun.
London, England, 1844-07-01 00:00:00

FRASER'S MAGAZINE.

Notwithstanding his strong Ministerial, or rather
Conservative predilections, Fraser, like the rest
of the world, is not less astonished than indig-
nant at the bite capricious—or, to call it by a fitter
term, sycop'iantic —eondact of the Conservative
supporters of the Government, and in an article on
the " State of Parties'," he observes—" The recent
proceedings in the-Commons, in regard to the sugar
duties, have given a shock to the moral sense of the
country from which it will not soon recover. Coming,
too, as this unfortunate blunder has done, upon the
back of a similar blunder in the management of -the
Factory Bill, it seems to have completely amazed the
lookersson. For our own parts, we do not know
what to make of it." Fraser may well be astonished,
for sueli vacillation and pusillanimity, as the Conser-
vatives have- lately evinced in Parliament, have not
been witnessed for the last century and upwards.
These men have shown a disregard of all moral con-
siderations—a barefaced recklessness of character
which, had it assumed any other than a political form,
could scarcely have failed to ensure them a distin-
guished position in the dock of the Old Bailey.
Toryism was had enough, but it was at least an in-
telligible principle; it possessed the undoubted recom-
mendations—no slight ones—of boldness and consist-
ency ; there w:is no m mina cant about it ; it did not
profess to br other than it was ; it hoisted no false co-
lours ; itabated not one jot ofits loftypretensions in com-
pliment to the temper of the times, but stood up for its
prerogative, unflinchingly, to the last ; but Conservatism
has no standing, intelligible principle ; it is a thing of
pore caprice, changeable as an April sky, ready to
receive any impression that the Premier may choose
to stamp upon it, devoid of moral courage, and afraid
even to stand up for its own party interests, except in a
circuitous, indirect, and underhand manner. There is
something about this new-fangled, cowardly illegiti-
mate species of Toryism—this degenerate scion of an
old stock—that treachery itself cannot trust; and he
must indeed be a sangnine visionary who can antici-
pate for it any long possession of power. But Fraser
is not only vexed and annoyed with the Conservatives,
but condemns, the Government also for trimming be-
tween the Church and the Dissenting interests—a
well-grounded charge, which even their staunchest
supporters scarcely attempt to repudiate. The "Em-
peror Nicholas" is a rich specimen of old-woman
twaddle. The writer is in ecstacies with the eyes, the
forehead, the demeanor, and superb dimensions of the
Czar, and observes of his conduct while in England,
that he " was dignified but not austeret cordial but not
flattering, gracious but not servile, and looked; spoke,
Ind acted like a monarch who possessed vast power,
estimated aright his capacity for usefulness, and sought
to use that capacity so as to benefit and bless." From
the sentence immediately preceding this, we learn that
the mode in which the Emperor exhibited his capacity
for benefiting and blessing, was by giving gold snuff-
boxes to half the courtiers and servants in Windsor
Castle—a very pleasant method of benediction, and
greatly, no doubt, to the taste of the recipients ! It is
soothing to learn, on the authority of this writer, that
his Imperial Majesty embraced Prince Albert "with
affection and intere.st," and that on visiting Apsley
House, he said to his illustrious host, " may you live
long, my Lord Duke, to enjoy the gratitude of the na-
tion !" These are momentous details, though we think we
remember reading something like them in the daily
papers about a fortnight since. The writer's cursory
allusion to the late revolution in Poland betrays the
most desperate ignorance ; and his description of the
Emperor's appearance at religious ceremonies is so
much in the style of Botnbastes Furioso that we can-
not refrain from quoting it--" Jove frozen by eternal
cold, or riven by one of his own thunderbolts, could
not possibly he more statue-like than Nicholas on
such occasions !" The Czar must cut a queer figure
at church if he resembles a God split into halves by a
thunderbolt ! Of one of his Majesty's daughters we
are told that her title is " Grand Duchess of Olga,"
which is about as correct as if the writer were to style
the husband of Queen Victoria, " his Royal High-
ness the Prince of Albert!" But enough of this ar-
ticle on the " Emperor Nicholas," which is worthy
only of the pen of some manufacturer of " dreadful
accidents" for a weekly journal. " Coningsby" is a
smart and somewhat satirical notice of Mr. D'lsraeli's
clever novel. The Reviewer makes a piteous outcry
about its personalities, whence we infer that he is not
unconnected with the Rigby and the Tadpole school
of politicians, whom the novelist has so wofully
mauled. The " Rustic Seat" is a poem, in which
occur one or two pleasing thoughts and images forci-
bly and unaffectedly expressed. From a lively essay
entitled " Classics of the Table," we quote a sketch
of the Marquis de Cussy, a celebrated French epicure,
and whose works on gastronomy are in high repute
with his countrymen

" We now turn to the productions of the Marquis de
Cussy, who, although prefect to the palace of the Em-
peror Napoleon, was in every sense a gentleman of the
old school, and a mild and amite)le man. Who is there
that was a diner-out of any magnitude in Paris from J une
1827 to 1830, who does not remember his portly, well
set-up figure ? He was a clean-looking, comely, well'
.tressed old man, and, so far as mere appearance went,
always put us in mind of the late James Smith, of face-
tious memory, one of the most gentlemanly-looking, and
one of the best dressed and best preserved men of his
day. We think we have old Cussy before us now, with
his high, open forehead, benevolent countenance, silvery
hair, smart blue frock, with the inevitable riband in the
button, clean white waistcoot, and black stock. Though
associating for years with the roughest and most under-
bred Marshals and Generals, and the most priggish and
pretentious of civil functionaries, he maintained to the
last the imperturbable dignity and politeness of the old
court. At the moment of the abdication, he flew to
Marie Louise, and he abandoned the Austrian's daugh-
ter, when he found she was about to ally herself with a
one-eyed chamberlain. In society, in which he mixed
much, the old Marquis was an agreeable, lively man,
full of anecdote, and ready-witted. His countenance
beamed with kindliness and benevolence, and, if he had
a fault, it was certainly in loving to excess the pleasures
of the table. But, if he loved good cheer and friandise,
he loved it like a gentleman, and a generous social mem-
ber of a civilised community. If you gave him a dinner,
he was always surd to give you one in return. He did
not, like a certain friend 'of ours, eat at every man's
table, and never see mortal within his own doors. He
did not go down to the early market to look for wood-
cocks for his own private, particular eating, and, thrust-
ing them into his ample double, carry them snugly
homeward, there to gloat on them in solitary sensuality.
He loved the pleasures of the table it is true, but he
loved them reflected ; and he gave his mutton and his
wine with as much goodwill, and as hearty zest, as the
author of the most recent and most amusing tour in
Ireland. There were many who feared, or pretended to
fear, to ask Cussy to dinner, as there are some who pro-
tend to fear to ask our humble selves, but either these
people were humbugs, wishing to be relieved of the
expense (the likeliest supposition), or they did not know
the simple tastes of the man. With an old friend or a
good fellow, who gave the best fare his means allowed,
and gave it willingly, he could dine off a whiting or an
omelette, but he was severe towards those vulgar par-
venas who, presuming ou their wealth, heap their tables
with a culinary chaos worthy of barbarous and benighted
times."

UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL.
Colonel Cameron here resumes his narrative of
" Personal Adventures and Excursions in Georgia,
Circassia, and Russia;" and, after mentioning some
particulars respecting the Russian navy, which, he
tells us, is a very unpopular service in that country,
adris that the present Emperor is the first who has ever
directed his -attention seriously to it, with a view of
rendering it as efficient as possible. The gallant au-
thor then proceeds to describe his introduction to
Nicholas and the Imperial Family at the palace of the
Hermitage, and gives a glowing sketch of the splen-
dour of the Court, and the courtly manners of the
Czar, whom he represents as being one of the most
stately and military-looking men in Europe, and ex-
ceedingly popular with all the ladies of the Court.
" Notice 3 from Kafirland" is written by one who is evi-
denly familiar with the wild country and still wilder
tribes of which he speaks. - Among other remarks
which will, we suspect, be new to many of our read-
ers, he states that the Hottentots have a most per-
fect ear for music." The fact may be so, neverthe-
less we could not fancy a party of these melody-loving
savages seated in a box at the opera, listening trans-
ported to the:syren strains of one of our Italian prima
donnas. We could have dispensed with " Further
Remarks on the Waterloo Campaigns," for the subject
is one thoroughly exhausted, and on which every in-
dividual in the three kingdoms has formed a notion
If his own, which is not likely to be disturbed. We
subjoin Colonel Cameron's brief account of his pre-
sentation to the Russian Imperial Family at the palate
of the Hermitage :

I was still gazing upon a small but exqui'aitely-fi-
nished. Madonna, a master-piece from the hand of Guido,
(and whose Madonnas are like his ?) when a stir with-
out announced the approach of the Imperial party, and
almost the same moment the folding-doors at the extre-
inity of the apartments were thrown Open, and preceded
respectively by a perfect squadron.of chamberlains and
demoiselles d'honneur, the former blazing with gold and -
embroidery, and the latter wearing the rich and singu-
larly-pleasing Russian national costume, the Emperor
and Empress entered. Each passing round the. circle
formed to receive them, entered into familiar converse- -
tion with every new arrival as he was presented by his
respective ambassador. I was the only military stranger,
and on my name being announced by Lord Clanricarde,
,was minutely questioned by his Imperial Majesty on IL',
variety of points connected with the discipline and inte-
rior economy of the British and Indian Armies, in a
manner which showed him well acquainted with both.-
The Empress, mild, benignant; dignified, as the softened-
tones of her voice fell upon the stranger's ear, he could
n 4 longer wonder at the veneration her character and-
presence everywhere inspired, and which volumes could
.not tell so fully. as, the artless, simple description of a.
beantiful-English- girl,-who, constantly in the society of
the Imperial family during their stay at Ems, exclaimed,

' She was the most loveable being in the world.' On the
breaking up of the Court I was overwhelmed with con-
gratulations, and the highest degree of cordiality, by
several persons whom till then I had never previously
beheld, but who now reminded me of my having brought
letters to them from their various relatives in Moscow,
and other parts of the Empire."

INTERFERENCE WITH HOURS
OF LABOUR.

DISSENTIENT-

1. Because all reason and all experience have pro-
nounced clearly and absolutely against interfering by
laws with the right which individuals have to employ
their capital and their labour according to their own
views of their own interest, and so long as no immora-
lity is committed, and no encroachment is made upon
the rights of others, all persons are entitled to dispose
of their property and direct their industry as they think
most conducive to their own benefit, or their own comfort.
2. Because of the two, labour ought to be the most
scrupulously protected from all interference, inasmuch
as it constitutes the sole possession and only power of
the great bulk of the people ; inasmuch as the labourer
cannot flee, like the capitalist, from vexatious oppres-
sion, and inasmuch as any interference with his free
exertion operates directly upon the great mainspring of
the whole social machine, producing consequences which
can neither be foreseen nor counteracted, and affecting
interests the most serious, extensive, and remote.
:3. Because the folly of all such interference with
capital and labour is as glaring as its injust'ce, there
being no one truth in any branch of science more incon-
testable than this—that individuals can judge far better
of their own interests, whether as regards their gains, or
their health, or their comforts, from their nearer percep-
tion and perfect knowledge of all the circumstances
upon which their interests depend, than the rulers, who
,can only see the same things from a distance and in the
general, and it being a truth equally beyond dispute
that individuals will always pursue their own interests
more unremittingly than the State, which has neither
the -means of providing for each man's benefit, nor the
constant incentive of personal feelings to keep its care
and attention ever awake.

4. Because the present means affords a proof how
dangerous it is for the Legislature ever to take any step
in a wrong direction and depart from sound principles,
under the influence of a temporary pressure, and how in-
evitable the consequence is that the mischief will not stop
short where it began; for no sooner did the law prohibit
the employment of young persons above twelve hours a
day, than attempts were made, and proved very success-
ful, to restrict their employment two hours more; and
no sooner did the law prohibit adult females from being
Suffered to work of their own free will in mines, than
the present measure declared adult females of all ages
incapable of judging fur themselves how long they should
work in factories, absolutely forbidding them from la-
bouring above a certain number of hours, as if it were an
offence in an able-bodied woman of thirty or forty to
work as long as she pleased, and ordering her, under
severe penalties, only to earn a certain sum by the day,
in return for the labour of her own hands; to all which
may be added the fact that many persons have supported
the present Bill, and some have propounded a still further
extension of the scheme, upon the declared ground that,
after the Legislature had: once begun the system of in-
terference, it was too late to question its propriety, and
there was no possibility of stopping short where the for-
mer measure had left the question.
5. Because it is the grossest absurdity for the Sove-
reign to pretend that he knows better than his subjects
how long they can work with safety to their health and
Comfort, to prescribe how much they shall gain by their
labour, or generally to take upon himself the manage-
ment of other people's concerns, an absurdity as great
as the labourer would commit who should take upon
himself the work of government and dictate to the law-
giver in what manner his measures ought to be framed.
6. Because it is the grossest blindness to imagine that
the happiness of children is better promoted by the ne-
cessarily general and careless superintendence of the
State as the common parent of all, than by the special
and near watchfulness of the individual parents over
their progeny, whom Providenee has wisely entrusted
to their care, creating feelings and instincts expressly
adapted to the purpose, and of far greater force and far
more constant operation than any mechanism which
rulers can substitute, although the inevitable conse-
quence of providing such substitutes must be to weaken
the parental instincts, upon which, after all that the law
can do, the lawgiver must in the end be forced to depend.
7. Because it is the grossest hypocrisy to pretend that
the interests of morality can be promoted by interfering
with the labour of the people, inasmuch as idleness is the
root of all evil, inasmuch as grown-up women, if pre-
vented from working when and how they please, are far
more likely to employ their time viciously, and in courses
which no law can restrain; and inasmuch as no attempts
are ever made, or even thought of, to promote morality
among the upper classes by any compulsory provisions
whatever.

8. Because it is the grossest inconsistency to single
out one branch of industry for the subject of experi-
mens—how much tyranny over the capitalist and the la-
bourer may be safely exercised; and to affect an
especial care for the health, and comfort, and morals of
one class alone among all the numerous bodies of work-
men, for whom the wants of the community find em-
ployment., it being quite notorious that the sufferings are
equally lamentable, which many other classes have una-
voidably to endure from toil and want, the caprice of
employers, and the vicissitudes of the seasons ; the hard-
ships of their lot in life, and the effects of errors in le-
gislation; the order of nature, and the faults of rulers.

9. Because as instances of this glaring inconsistency
may be cited, the facts stated in the Reports of the Poor-
law Commissioners to the Commons House of Parlia-
ment touching the condition in different districts of hus-
bandry. Labourers beginning to work at a very tender
age, exposed to extreme hardships in their daily toil, and
running no small risk of having their morals impaired
as well as their education neglected. Women and chil-
dren do the work of which they are capable, and they
begin their employment as early as five or six, and even,
in some instances, four years of age. They have in some
places to walk seven miles and more to their work, re-
turn home unpaid when the weather is unfavourable, and
when paid, receive extremely small sums. They go to
work at seven in the morning, and continue till dark; in
summer till nine o'clock. Unless they can finish a cer-
tain task of work they get no wages at all. There is no
classification of ages or of characters, and the most pro-
fligate persons associate with those of Vender years
and comparatively innocent habits. Some of the re-
por:s disclose a frightful amount of immorality as the
result of this admixture ; and the returns of illegitimate
pauper children for the wole kingdom show that there
is a far greater proportion of them in agricultural than
in manufacturing districts, in the proportion of to
one upon an average. Now all these sufferings, though
exceedingly to be lamented, have never been deemed fit
subjects of legislative interference, nor have the severe
sufferings, both in health and morals, of many manufac-
turing districts, ever been so regarded, all interference
being confined to the single branch of cotton-spinning,
for this reason, among others, that were the compulsory
enactments of the law extended over all the branches of
industry, this country would cease to be the habitation
either of wealthy capitalists or thriving labourers, but
would be left to the advocates of the new system of
meddling, and the inmates of the workhouse under their
protection.
10. Because the most glaring evils in the condition of
the poor, both parents and children, are daily under the
eyes,of the Legislature, and are so far from being
checked, that they are encouraged by its members for
their own convenience, because these evils could only be
eradicated by imposing restraints upon the natural
liberty of the people, and interfering with the voluntary
contracts trelde for their employment. The practice of
women suckling the children of others devotes hundreds
of thousands of children to diseases arising from insuffi-
cient nutriment, procuring the death of many, and tend-
ing little to improve the national character. This prac-
tice
has been blamed by all moralists, lamented by all
persons of a sentimental cast, and objected to by politi-
cal reasoners, but no attempt has ever been made to re-
strain it ; lawgivers justly deem it to lie beyond their
proper province ; and, refusing to interfere with the la-
bour of females capable of judging for themselves, al-
though the interests, and even the lives of helpless in-
fants, might seem to claim protection.
11. Because, however deplorable may be the devotion
of young children to labour instead of instruction, and
however desirable may be the liberation of females from
all but domesticwork-.-one of the surest proofs of advanced
civilisation, this can only be the slow and spontaneous
growth of that progressive improvement in the condition,
and, with the condition, in the habits of the people; and it
is, manifest that when the lawgiver interposes with re-
straint upon capital and labour, he is certain to retard
that progress, to worsen the condition of the people, to
prevent their habits from mending, and thus to produce
or exacerbate the very evils which he affects most to
dread.

12. Because the grossest delusions have been, and, in
many instances, too successfully, practiced upon the
working classes, persdading them that measures like the
present are for their benefit, and that the laws are more
their friends than their employers, an absurd notion
has thus been propagated, that by Act of Parliament
men may receive wages without doing work ; and they
have been taught to suppose that the question is not
whether they shall be permitted to work as much as
they please, and earn as much as they can (which is the
real matter in dispute), but whether they shall for the
same wages work a longer or a shorter time ; and an
equal wild fancy has been made to prevail, that the gain
of the master is made at the workmen's expense, whereas
every reflecting person must perceive that, in exact pro-
portion to the increase of capital employed in any trade
is the amount of remuneration which can be afforded to
the labour whereby that trade is driven.
13. Because the wants of society present a
fair and an ample field in which the provi-
dent humanity of the Legislature, as well as of emi-
nent individuals, may bo exerted for the improvement
of the people's condition upon rational principles, and
without violating any right of the subject, or any rule of
sound policy ; by amending the criminal law and the
police system, so as to protect the young from the con-
tamination of old offenders; by rendering the punishment
of all offences speedy and certain, instead of leaving it to
mere hazard ; by unfettering industry from the shackles
under which the relics of a barbarious age still leave it to
pine ; and above all, by bestowing upon the poor the in.
estimable blessings of a sound education, providing the
means of infant and adult training, and leaving the peo-
ple to avail themselves voluntarily of the advantages thus
wisely brought within their reach.
(Signed)

BROUGHAM.

• THE MOORS.—We Understand that red grouse are
p!entiful on the hills and moors of Cumberland, North
LaneaShire, and Westmoreland.—Lancaster Guardian.
GOOD Nr.ws.—The Scotch papers say that the
grouse arei-ery plentiful this- ear ; so that we may reason •
ably indulge- nr the pleasing anticipation that Parliament
.willbe dissolved early in Aught.—Punch.

THE SALADIN.
MASSACRE OF THE COMMANDER AND
OFFICERS, AND MURDER OF THE CHIEF
'MUTINEER.
" TO WILLIAM DOBSON, ESQ., SE7.RETARY TO LLOYDS:—
" Halifax, Nova Scotia, June 10, 1844.
" Sir,—During the absence of the writer, a reply was •
sent to yours of the 29th of February, and advantage
taken of the opportunity to state his proceedings in con-
Sequence of the loss off this coast of the Saladin, from •
Valparaiso. We now continue the narrative. The
writer returned from the wreck in her Majesty's
schooner, Fair Rosamond, on the evening of the 3d,
with 14 bars of silver and 7,755 dollars in silver. 'The
remainder of what was saved, consisting of 7Q5 pigs of
copper, and the ship's'materials, were put on board two ' •
small vessels, and have since arrived. Another vessel
has been sent to the wreck, with the view to save the .
remainder of the copper. It is feared the guano will be
a total loss. In consequence of the suspicion of •
piracy and murder which attached to the crew,
the Court of Admiralty took the custody of the -
property out of our hands. The men were
arrested on suspicion, and placed in solitary confinement.
After the lapse of two or three days, the writer received
a letter, of which we enclose a copy. He immediately
repaired to the gaol, where he heard the most appalling
disclosures it has ever been our lot to listen to. When
it was known that two had confessed their crimes a dis-
position was evinced by the others to relieve their con-
sciences of the weight which oppressed them, and from •
them we received a full corroboration of their statement.
We send a verbatim copy of Jones's confession, which
details minutely the terrible atrocities which were
enacted on board the Saladin. The captain (Fielding),
who appears to have been the instigator of the mutiny,
had been master of the ship Vitula, of Liverpool, which
ship had been seized by the Chilian Government while
engaged in some nefarious voyage. A statement of the '
transaction has been forwarded by us to the owners of
the ship and consignees, whose names could be ascer-
tained. A great number of the letters and papers were
wantonly burnt or otherwise destroyed.—We remain, &c.
(Signed) " LLOYD'S AGENT."

[COPY OF NOTE REFERRED TO IN TEE ABOVE LETTER.]
Her Majesty's Gaol, Halifax, June 8, 1844. •
Dear Sir,—William Carr and John Galloway want to
make a confession to you concerning the Saladin, and
what happened to the officers and part of the crew ;
therefore we would be glad to know how soon you could
get an opportunity to hear it, for we know not the
moment we are launched into eternity, and we can never
expect to find happiness in another world.—We are,
Sir, your humble servants,
(Signed) WILLIAM CARR
JOHN GALLOWAY.

CONFESSION OF GEORGE JONES.
I, George Jones, first joiner of the Saladin, at 'Val-
paraiso, crew twelve in number, and two others (Captain
Fielding and and his son George), was working my
passage as sail-maker, but acted as steward, by Captain
al•Kenzie's request, until after passing Cape Horn, when
J. Galloway took the situation, and I repaired some of
the sails. While in the cabin, as steward, frequent dif-
ferences occurred between Captain M'Kenzie and Captain
Fielding. The latter, in consequence, would often re.
fuse to come to table at meals ; and I have heard Captain
M'Kenzie say to the mate on these occasions, that it
served him right for giving Fielding a passage free.
When Captain M' Kenzie came on deck, Fieldihg several
times cursed him, and used abusive language. Used
then to come to me and tell me what he had said about ,
his quarrels with Captain M'Kenzie, and then talk of the
amount of money on board, and what a fine prize a pirate
would make of them. Asked me if I would fight
against them if attacked. He would not. Cap-
tain M'Kenzie used to drink a good deal. Field-
ing on one occasion said to me—" Now, Jones,
if you want to save your life, now is the time. I have
spoken to the carpenter, and I intend to be master of
this ship." At another time Fielding, in my presence,
made a motion to show how he would cut Captain -
Nl‘lcenzie's throat, saying, at the same time,:" Damn
you." This was when Captain M'Kenzie was on the
ladder going from the cabin to the deck, and had his
back to him (Fielding). When I attempted to acquaint .
Captain M'Kenzie of it he stopped me, saying, "You
damned Irishman, I want to hear nothing." While I
acted as steward I scarcely ever had a civil word from
him. He was continually cursing and swearing at me.
One afternoon Captain Fielding said to me, " You did
not come on deck, as I requested, last night ; you
had best do it. You will lose your own life if you
don't. The other watch will do it, and you will .
be killed." I understood that he meant by this
that we were to take possession of the vessel. I soon
after mentioned this to Hazelton, in the galley, by
Fielding's directions. Hazelton laughed, and said, with
an oath, there could not be a better chance ; there was a
great deal of money on board. Hazelton went out. Wm.
Johnston then came in, and I said to him, " There is
curious work going on that Fielding is a queer
man. He wants to make a haul—Hazelton will probably
let you know about it." Before night it was known to
Hazelton, Johnston, and myself. They both told me
Fielding had spoken to them about it, and that all was
right. A day or two passed over, and on Friday we
were betiding sails. The Dutchman was getting them
out, and I said to him, " There is going to be curious
work on board." He asked what was that, and I said
that Fielding, Jack, and them, were going to take the
ship, and kill Sandy (meaning Captain M'Kenzie, thus
named by the men). Andersen replied to this imme-
diately, " By God, I'll take a knife and cut his throat
(meaning Captain M'Kenzie). He shall no more strike
me away from the helm." I then mentioned to Hazelton
what Anderson had said, and he replied that he would
get him all right ; and he would talk to him. He did
so when in the foretop, and Anderson willingly consented, ,
and expressed more satisfaction than any one on board.
He talked and laughed about it. Captain Fielding then
came to me and said the vessel must be taken that
night (Friday). I did not go on deck that night
(being sailmaker I had no regular watch to keep), but
all the persons engaged in the plot expected me, and
afterwards asked me why I did not come. These were
Fielding, Johnston, Hazelton, and Anderson. I excused ;
myself to Fielding by saying I did not think he expected
me, to which he replied, " It is of no use making a fool
of yourself ; if you go back your life is no more.' Next
day (Saturday) Capt. M'Kenzie and Fielding had a seri- .
ous quarrel on the poop, which was heard by all the men
on deck, about the ship's gig. After this Fielding said, .
" This night it must be done ; they were all ready, and,
if I did not come up, my life would be no more." I went .
to bed in the forecastle ; Johnston, Hazelton,• and An- ,
derson were in the same watch under the mate, and the
deed was to be done in their watch that night. I went
on deck between twelve and four, while they were on
the watch. I was then told it was arranged that Field- ;
ing. should keep up a conversation with the mate, .
during which Johnston should strike him with au
axe. The mate was lying on the hencoop. Fielding
came forward and said to us, Johnston, Anderson,
and myself, " Now is the time ; the mate is asleep."
He said it was best to send for Jack to see what he said
about it, that_there might be no mistake. Johnston ac-
cordingly relieved Hazelton. The latter agreed to pro-
ceed,
and returned to the helm. It was then proposed :
I should take the helm and Johnston kill the mate, and
that Fielding, Hazelton, and Anderson should go down
to attack the captain in the cabin. I accordingly went
to the helm. I saw Johnston then strke the mate with
an axe. I think Anderson also struck him. Fielding.;
Johnston, and Anderson threw the body overboard.,
Some time was tken spent consulting what to do, and I
afterwards learned they were in doubt how next to pro-
ceed. Anderson and Hazelton went into the cabin
to attack the captain, but returned, fearing as they said,:
the dog would bite them. It was then agreed to make,
an alarm, and strike the captain as he came up from,
the cabin. Nothing more was done for a quarter of au_
hour, when the captain rang his bell three or four times,,
but no answer was given to it. I was much agitated'
whilst at the helm ; it was several times taken from me
by Fielding and Hazelton, in consequence of getting
the ship in the wind. Fielding and the others went
to the main-deck, and I heard nothing for some time.
until I heard the carpenter's voice in the water. This_
alarmed me, as I understood the captain was to be killed
before the carpenter was to be disturbed, and I exclaim-.
ed, " Oh, Lord, there is a man overboard !" With this
Fielding ran immediately on the poop, and shouted, " A.
man overboard !" as loud as he could, the Swede follow-
ing him. The captain (M'Kenzie) ran out the com-
panion, and as he came up Anderson struck him.; the'
blow did not kill him ; he ran after Anderson round the.
companion. Fielding then called me, " Damn you, why
don't you run after him ; if you don't lay hold of him I
will give you a clout that will kill you." I let go the
helm and went round the companion, and the Swede and
Captain M'Kenzie were struggling together. Fielding
again said, " Damn you, why don't you lay hold of him ?"
I then took hold of his hands, and Fielding struck hini
two blows with the axe, which killed him. While in
the act of striking M'Kenzie, exclaimed, " Oh, Cap-
tain Fielding oh, Captain Fielding, don't 1" Fielding
said, " Oh, damn you, I will give it to you !" Field.
ing hauled him forward in front of the com-
panion, and struck him again, and then threw him over-
board. When Fielding, Hazelton, Anderson, and John-
ston, went down to take some liquor, and said, " The ves-
sel is now our own." I was relieved from the helm, and
went below to get a drink. I came on deck, and Field=
ing addressed his son, saying, " I am captain." The soft
said, " It was a pity that I had not a blow at Sandy."
They all assembled on the quarter-deck, and consulted
how they were to dispose of the rest of the crew, 'who
were forward. Fielding proposed calling the atch s;
they all agreed that Hazleton and Johnston were to' go
forward and call the watch ; that Ishould liedown in the
long-boat ; that Anderson was to stand by the mainmast.
pretending to be asleep ; Fielding in the companion.
When the man came to relieve the helm, they agreed to
take his life. During this time Collins came on deck
and went on the head. When the watch was called,
Jem came up ; he went to relieve the helm ;
Anderson struck him, as I understood, with a.
hammer, and he was thrown overboard. I heard
no noise in the boat. The other two men
Moffatt and Rollins, who had gone done again, were
then called up. They came up, and Moffat sat down on
the spars, fore part of the galley. Hazelton struck him,
as I understood, ;with an axe, and killed him. I heard
the blow, and after I came out of the boat I saw his
body. I assisted Anderson and Johnston in throwing
the body overboard. Before Moffatt was thrown over-
heard Anderson went forward, struck Collins on the
head, and he fell into the water. I did not see the blow,,
but I heard Collin's exclamation on receiving it. Some
time after this it was proposed by Fielding to do away
with the cook, Carr, and the steward Galloway, but the
rest would not consent. Fielding then said he would
let them work, and he would find a way to get rid of
them. The cook came aft about six o'clock. Was
alarmed when Captain Fielding told him the ship was.
ours; that all the crew remaining were on the poop:.
The cook asked what it meant; he was told, and a.vp-
peered quite satisfied. Galloway came aft laughing,
and when he was informed of what had occurred

did not appear alarmed, and said it was a pity_he did not
know about it, as he would have liked to have had a cut
at Sandy, meaning Captain M'Kenzie. Some time after,
on the same day (Sunday) we all swore on a Bible to be
loyal and brotherly to each other, The day after a
carving knife, which had been in the cabin, was missed,
which gave us all some uneasiness. A pair of pistols
were discovered under a table by Johnston, and when
he was going on deck he beckoned to me not to go up ;
I, however, went up ; Fielding was then on deck,
and wanted a screen put down the skylight in the after
cabin. He said he it to air the cabin. Hazelton
and Johnston came afterwards on deck, and the
latter told the former about the pistols under the table
*hick caused us all alarm, as we had thrown, as we
Thought, all the fire-arms overboard, except a musket in
he after cabin, which Fielding wished to keep to shoot
fowl. We went below and asked Fielding what
he knew about the pistols ; he said he knew no-
thing. After a search we found a large copper vessel
with powder, and threw it and the pistols over-
board, with which Fielding expressed himself satisfied.
Anderson informed us then that Fielding purposed to do
away with the cook, Galloway, Johnston, and myself ;
when we heard this, we accused Fielding, who denied
it. After this we discovered a bottle of poison in a
locker, of which Fielding had kept the key, and the
carting knife which had been missing. The cook then
said he would not rest until Fielding was thrown over-
board. Fielding was then secured by Johnston, his
hands and feet being tied ; he was kept thus for some
time, asking us to heave him overboard, screaming and
shouting so that Johnston gagged him by our request.
He was led upon deck by Hazleton and Johnston,
and was laid down close to the, quarter. After
breakfast, while we were all sitting on the hencoop,
the cook and Galloway requested that he might be
thrown overboard. We all then agreed he should go, and
the cook and Galloway went immediately forward, with-
out saying to us what they purposed doing. The first
we heard were the screams of the boy as they were put-
ting him overboard. While clinging to Galloway the
boy (Fielding's son George) tore some of Galloway's
clothes. We then agreed that Galloway should take
charge of the ship as navigator, he being the best scholar.
It was proposed to go to the Coast of Cape Breton, or
Newfoundland, to scuttle the vessel, and take the long-
boat up the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The money was di-
vided amongst us all.
On the night before the mate was killed, when I came
on deck, I was going aft with Captain Fielding' and An-
derson ; we stopped about the mainmast, and I turned
back, being frightened, and. there seemed a sort of panic,
from whichlthought they might give up the plan altogether.
Fielding then came after me,, and asked " What is the
matter ?" My answer was not satisfactory. He then
said, " D— you, if you don't go back and not make a
fool of yourself, I will kill you right out." Fielding had
a carpenter's adze in his hand at the time. I was quite
alarmed by the threat and returned with him.
(Signed) GEO. JONES.
U. he confession voluntarily made in the presence of
Hon. MICH. TOBDT,
Hon. J. W. JOHNSTON, Attorney-Gen.,
J. J. SAWYER, Esq. High Sheriff.
From the foregoing confession it mly be inferred that
it was the wish of the wretch Fielding to murder the
whole of the ship's company, with the object of possess-
ing himself of the entire treasure on board, although it
is true that in so doing he would have left but himself
and youthful son on board.

The following details in connection with the affair,
condensed and extracted from a file of the IMO=
Courier, will show that an act of murder and piracy, per-
haps unexampled in atrocity, has been committed, and
no less than eight persons barbarously massacred.
The Saladin was a Newcastle ship, sailed from Val-
raraiso ou the 17th of February, having a rich cargo on
board, consisting of 70 tons of copper, 13 bars of silver,
each weighing 1501bs. weight ; 9,000 dollars in specie ;
and a large quantity of guano. The. Saladin was 550
tons burden, and commanded Ely Captain Mackenzie.
The first suspicions of the horrible affair were aroused on
the 20th ultimo, when the ship ran ashore on the back of
an island' in a country harbour near Halifax. On being
boarded, the crew reaported that the captain had
died at sea on the sth ultimo, and the mate three
days subsequently, and That two of the crew
had fallen into the sea. 'They stated that they
had latterly been sailing , they knew not
where, and were astonished to find that they had
leached Nova Scotia, of which place they alleged they
had never beard. Captain Cunningham was the first per-
son who went on board. He found all in disorder ; the
men were well dressed, and had evidently been faring
aumptuoutl s• for several days. Bottles were lying about
in every direction, a chest of dollars was open, and the
ship's papers, and all sorts of valuables scattered about.
There were ind:nations of a female and a little child
having been on. bated ; but of these the crew made no
mention, and the entrisla, in the log-book ceased on the
14th of April. The agent for Lloyd's (the Hon. Michael
Tobin)on learning these paasticulars, hastened to the spot
and arrived at the same cone 'lnsion that Captain Cun-
ningham had previously done, neaely, that the crew had
mutinied, and seized the vessel. The parties on board
were taken into custody and conveyed to Halifax, where
in the course of a very few days disclosnrCs in relation
to the melancholy affair were made, fui! of horrible
details.
The two individuals who have confessed are !Ica and
Galloway, who held the respective offices of coc,4 and
steward of the ship. Their confession was made to* the
Hon. Mr. Tobin, Lloyd's agent at Halifax, in the pr'
sauce of the Sheriff, the gaoler, and subsequently of the
Attorniy-General. Carr, the cook, is a native of New-
castle-upon-Tyne, and a middle-aged man. Galloway,
the steward, is a native of Scotland, and not more than
nineteen years of age. Both of them were shipped at
Newcastle, and had accompanied the Saladin throughout
her voyage.
From this statement then it appears that several of
the crew of the Saladin having deserted at Valparaiso,
others were shipped to supply their places ; among
these a man named Fielding. who had formerly com-
manded a vessel which had been seized by the Chilian
Government end confiscated for an infringement of the
revenue laws of that country ; this man had a son also
on board, a lad about fifteen or sixteen years of age.
The Saladin sailed`, from Valparaiso, having a crew
in all of fourteen persons. All seems to rave
gone on well until a 'lout the middle of April.
when a plan to murder the captain, mate, and a portion
of the crew was concocted by Fielding and the sailmaker,
who engaged in their scheme the assistance of a Swede
and two others of the crew shippeLl at Valparaiso. The
whole plot was planned and execute in less than forty-
eight hours. It was on a Sunday nieit in the larboard
(a mate's) watch that the mutiny bro:s-e forth. The
mate was the first victim. He was in a delicate state df
health, and while reclining on the poop he wiis struck
with an axe and knocked overboard without fig least
noise being made. The captain's watch was then nailed,
and as the men came on deck they were knocked orf
head and pitched overboard almost without a groom.
Two of the murderers then went below to dispatch
the captain, but his faithful dog was beside him on
the berth, and they were afraid to approach him lest he
might be aroused by its barking. Another man, who
came on deck about this time, and who was in the mizen
chains, had his head split open with an axe, and he fell
into the sea, his blood streaming on the deck. The
wretches at this juncture, in order to draw the captain out
of his cabin, raised the cry " A man overboard ! " The
plan succeeded but too well, and, as he ascended the
companion-ladder, he received a blow on the head with
a hammer from one of the mutineers. The blow did not,
however, take good effect, and he rushed upon the deck
With the hope of defending himself, but was attacked by
others, sow overpowered, and thrown overboard.
Carr and Galfiway state that they first heard an alarm
at this period, baying been exempt from keeping watch.
Carr went on deck,' and upon inquiring what was the
matter, was informed of all that had occurred, and then
saw before him those w:.o remained of the crew, except
Galloway, who was still beYow. The attack appeared to
have been most systematic. Six men were lost without
a struggle, and almost without :caving a trace of murder
behind.
Fielding, who seems to have bee' a most desperate
'villain, 'soon after the murders became suspicious and
fearful, lie threw overboard all the armg and ammu-
nition in the ship, except a brace of pistols, which he
secreted under the cabin table,and a large carving-knife
in the possession of his son. Galloway states that he
Made a proposal to him to murder all the crew,
except two besides themselves, run the ship ashore,
sink her, and then make their escape. Galloway would
not consent to this hellish project, and told the crew of
the proposal. They immediately became aroused at
lielding's treachery, and resolved to pitch both him and
his son overheard in self-defence. The money on board
was previously divided, and, as is generally the case on
such occasions, the ring-leaders were not satisfied with
an equal share of the plunder.
Fielding and his son, however, were tied hand and
foot, and left in the captain's cabin during the whole of
one night, and thrown overboard 'the next morning ;
the former by Carr and others, he (Carr) having been
Obliged to act, and the latter by Galloway, also against
his will. •

was the only navi-
After Fielding's death Galloway
gator on board the ship, and his intention was to have
gone up the St. Lawrence, where the crew were to
have scuttled the vessel, and escaped with the specie and
bullion. They were, however, led astray by the com-
mander of an American schooner, which they spoke only
few*days previous to the time when the Saladin struck
and.this, providentially, has been the cause of the mur-
derers being brought 0 justice.
Fielding's chief associates in the bloody scheme appear
to, have been four men, named Johnston, Anderson,
Jones, and Hazen. The murdered mate's name was
13yerIey, and the names of. three of the seamen are stated
to have been James, Moffatt, and Collins.
The Halifax Herald of June 12 says," We understand
from "good authority that all the miscreants will plead
'guilty. The judge of the Admiralty, who is at present
`staying at his country seat, has been sent for, and the
*trial is expected to take place in about ten days."
The Saladin belongs to Messrs. Johnson and Cargill,
of Newcastle:

Wti Ectio is FnmiNtNE.--,When the exhibition
vas over, and we were 'plodding up the Gap, I asked Spil-
lane wlitEcho was always of the feminine gender! The
• bugler scratched his head, as if trying to elicit something
from his brain; but soon acknowledged that he was unable
to give a satisfactory answer- Ile observed that, although
he heard her every day. yet he had never seen her, and could
not tell whether she wore petticoats or small-clothes. All at
'once Spillane seemed struck with some new ideas, and ex-
claimed, " Maybe, your honour, that Echo is represented as
A female, because she always has the last word." A newly-
married couple were walking with us when Spillane delivered
himself of this brilliant conception, and to the bride I re-
ferred the solution of the enigma. She quickly and spirit-
edly replied, "What, Sir, would the lords of the creation
wish to engross both the first and the last word? In that
• case, we poor women might lock up our tongues, as we do our
jewels, to be used only on gala days."--Dr. James Johnson's
Jour in Ireland.

IRELAND.
ORANGE PROCESSIONS.
DUBLIN, JUNE 27.—The Dublin Evening Post of this after-
noon contains the following address from Mr. Daniel O'Con-
nell, jun., " to the Repeaters of Ulster, and particularly to the
Catholic Repealers :"

" June 27,1844.

" Fellow-countrymen—The days are approaching on which,
for many years, processions of Orangemen took place in your
province of Ulster. It is not my intention to make any re-
marks on the proceedings of the persons heretofore engaged
in such processions, or on the consequences that followed
thereon. I wish to bury all those bygone circumstances in
a generous oblivion ; and I call upon you, repealers of Ulster,
to do the same. Let us forgive and forget the past; let us
do all we can for the future to conciliate and reconcile all
parties.
" It is said that it is intended in some places to hold Orange
processions on the ensuing Ist and 12th of July. I hope the
report is not true—and I believe that it is not time. But if
it should happen to be true as to any locality, I do implore,
adjure, and, I will say, command the repealers of Ulster not
to oppose or interfere in any way with any such procession.
You, repealers, should be too manly to beo ffended with any
expressions that can be used by your deluded fellow-country-
men. Let the Orangemen amuse themselves with their pro-
cessions as much as they please for what you care. Should
they—which is not probable—make any actual attack upon
persons or property, seek the protection of the law and of the
constabulary, and do not give your enemies any pretext to
accuse you of riot or violence.
" In short, brother repealers, your duty is, not to take
offence at words, or colours, or foolish processions. Your
business is, to offend nobody, and to conciliate, if possible,
everybody.
" Peace, and good humour, and conciliation, and Christian
forbearance are the duties—the pleasing duties—of all honest
repealers. There are many honest Irishmen in the ranks of
those who were Orangemen.
" Do not omit to inform your Protestant fellow-country-
men that, in looking for the restoration of the Irish Parlia-
ment, you are looking for that which would be of equal
advantage to Irishmen of every class, creed, persuasion, and
party. "Signed, on behalf of my father,
" DANIEL O'CONNELL, jun."

ORANGE OUTRAGE AT PORTADOWN.
There has been an investigation respecting the recent
Orange outrages in this place. The result was, that infor-
mations were granted against thirteen of the Orange party.
This outrage indicates the spirit in which the Orangemen
would celebrate their anniversaries, should the Government
allow Lord Stanley's Act against processions to die out.
THE LATE TRAGEDY AT GORT.
A coroner's inquest was held on Saturday on the bodies of
the two sons of Peter Larkin, an account of whose horrible
butchery by their own father was published in the Times of
Monday. The first witness was Mary Larkin, the daughter
of the murderer. She deposed as follows :—Her father
is a pensioner at 9d. a day, from the 87th regiment of
Foot. He went from his residence at Shanaglish to Gort
on the morning of the 20th June (distance fire miles) to
buy potatoes ; he returned about 10 o'clock that night, at
which time her mother, Bridget Larkin, was in bed in a
room above the stairs. Witness was also in bed in an ad-
joining room (which had no door) with her two brothers,
Bernard and Martin Larkin, aged 15 and 12 years. Her
mother got out of bed and went down stairs to let her father
in. They both in a short time returned. Her mother had a
lighted candle in her hand, and her father a small bowl, and
a bottle which contained about a pint of whisky. He poured
about a noggin of the liquor into the bowl and gave it to her
mother, who said, " Have you a mind to kill me ?" He
said not ; that hewould take part of it himself, and they both
drank it ; he then went into the room where his daughter
and two sons were, and compelled his sons to, take one glass
or better each, although they refused it several times •, he
then poured out into the bowl a glass for his daughter,
who refused to take it as she was a teetotaller, but he
compelled her to drink it, and said that he would take
the sin of it upon himself. Shortly after the two boys began
to play in bed from the effects of the whisky ; but he told
them several times to go asleep which they soon did, but be-
fore this he said he should go down stairs to dry himself ;
her mother told him that the fire was raked out, but he
went down and returned in a short time and extinguished
the candle. He did not take off his clothes, and was quite
sober. Witness fell into a sleep, and about four o'clock A.M.
next morning she was awoke by an unusual noise in the bed.
She saw her father leaning over her with a razor in his
hand. He made an effort to cut her throat, which did not
take effect, by means of a handkerchief that was about her
neck ; he then drew the razor across her right breast, and
round her left breast, which he nearly severed from her body.
She then put up her hands to save herself, and received a
wound on the left hand and finger, at which time she plunged
out of the bed from him, and then saw her two brothers
lying in their blood, and crying out " Father ! father! father !"
at which time she saw her father draw the razor across their
necks. He then made a desperate effort to catch herself be-
fore she got to the top of the stairs, but she was too fleet for
him, and made the street door, calling her mother, and in a
moment removed a table that was against the said door
and escaped, her father in chase of her. She was naked,
and cried out murder, holding up her mangled breast with
her hand, and wherever she walked the street was covered
ith blood which streamed from her person. She re-
turned shortly after, met her mother at the door, having
her youngest son Martin in her arms dying. A number of
persons collected. The razor was taken from her father. He
was sober. Cannot ascribe any cause for his having com
mitted the act.
Bridget Larkin, wife of Peter Larkin, corroborated
.her
(laughter's testimony in all that came under her notice be-
fore she fell asleep, and also that she and her husband drank
about a noggin of the whisky in the kitchen before they went
up the stairs ; and that she was awoke from sleep about four
in the morning by her son, Martin, who came to her bed, and
said that his father had killed them. She saw the boy co-
vered with blood at the time, and his throat cut. She took
him into her arms, and carried him down the stairs, where
she saw her husband with a razor open in his hand. He
then made furiously at her. She threw down the child to
save herself, and with an effort threw her husband from her;
in doing which she received a wound in the thumb, but es-
caped, having but her smock on. The two boys died almost
immediately after.
The prisoner was brought into Court at the latter end of
the proceedings in custody of the police. He is a man between
4tr and 50 years of age.
The Coroner read the depositions, to all of which he listened
with great attention, and at the conclusion said he did not
want to deny having committed the murder, and expressed a
wish he might suffer death for his crime.
The jury retired for a few minutes, and returned a verdict
of " Wilful murder against Peter Larkin."_

SHOCKING CHILD MURDER.—Friday night, at
seven, Mr. lliggs, the Coroner for the Duchy of Lancaster
concluded an inquiry, adjourned from Wednesday, at th 3
Savoy Palace, Savoy-street, Strand, as to the death of a
full-grown male child, the offspring of a young woman, named
Sarah Hyland, who was house-maid at the above house, but
is at present in the custody of the police. It will be recol-
lected that on Tuesday last the mother was discharged, and
requested that her mistress might not look into an unlocked
box which she left in her room. This caused suspicion, and
upon opening it the body was found with a petticoat tight
over the head, and the string tied with a double knot round
the neck. There was also a severe bruise on the head. The
evidence left no doubt that the young woman Hyland had
delivered herself between the hours of six and eight the
same morning, though she had always denied that she was
enceinte, and the inquest was adjourned, for the purpose of
having the body opened. Mr. Walker, of Drury-lane, sur
geon, having stated particularly the mark of the string round
the neck, the pressure of the nose on the face, and a large
swelling from the ear to the top of the head, said he had since
made a post mortent examination of the body. On the head
being opened, a quantity of reddish fluid was found extravasated
on the brain. The lungs had been inflated, and upon being
cut, bubbles of air exuded ; they also floated in water. He
was of opinion that the labour had been a natural one, and
Oat the child was born alive. The death had been caused
by strangulation, suffocation, or extravasation on the brain,
produced by pressure or violence, or the three causes might
have operated almost simultaneously or conjointly. Mr.
Snitch, also a surgeon, was examined, and stated, that on
Tuesday he was sent for to the station-house at Bow-street,
and saw Hyland, who at first refused to be examined, but at
last consented, and upon his doing so was satisfied she had
recently had a child. She could have delivered herself.
After a great deal of immaterial evidence, the jury consulted,
and at eleven o'clock returned a verdict of " Wilful murder,"
against Sarah Hyland.
STRANGE FREAK OF A MADMAN.—On Wednes-
day evening police-sergeant Squire, No. 14 K, was sent for
to the Sunderland Bridge public-house, in Wapping-wall,
Lower Shadwell, to take charge of a seaman named Raphael
Brown, who was conducting himself in a very strange manner.
He was calling out for a knife to cut his throat, and it was
with great difficulty he was prevented laying violent hands
on himself and others. Squire succeeded in pacifying him,
and ascertained that he had been lodging at the Ship, King
James's-stairs, since last Saturday evenmg, and that he had
engaged a passage on board a steamer bound to the north,
and when the vessel was ready to start he left his clothes on
board and came ashore. He then began drinking enormous
quantities of soda water, and, from Saturday night, when he
first came to lodge with Mrs. Cooper, at the Ship, until Mon-
day evening, he managed to swallow 120 bottles of that
liquid, and during the short time he was in the Sunderland-
bridge public-house, he drank 35 bottles of soda water, but
so far from cooling him, every bottle he drank increased his
excitenient. Squire managed to get him away from the
Ship, under a promise to allow him more soda water, and
after a further consumption of 15 bottles, he conveyed him
to the station-house, and procured an order from Mr. Ser-
geant, the relieving officer of St. Paul, Shadwell, for his ad-
mission into the union workhouse at Mile-end, where he now
remains. appears that the poor fellow was paid off fifteen
days ago, when he received 371., and soon afterwards a letter
from his father in the north reached him, stating that his
sister had gone out of her mind, which preyed so much on
his feelings, that he became insane himself, commenced
drinking large quantities of soda-water, and at one house,
where he staid for a short time, he broke all the chairs and
tables. While Squire was conveying him to the workhouse,
he insisted upon entering a ginger-beer and mineral-water
manufactory, where he dispatched seven bottles of soda-
water and ginger-beer in three minutes, and called for more ;
but the proprietor, fearing the man would burst, declined
opening him a farther supply.
ICING'S COLLEGE.—On Friday the distribution of
prizes among the pupils of this establishment took place in
the theatre of the College. His Grace the Archbishop of
Canterbury presided on the occasion. The theatre was
crowded by ladies and gentlemen, and within the circle sat
the members of the Council. the Professors, together with
the Bishop of Liehfield (the late Principal of King's College),
Sir Robert Inglis, Mr. Justice Coleridge, and other persons of
distinction. Dr. Jelf (the Principal) addressed the company
on the onerous duties he had to perform, and briefly descanted
on the incalculable advantages of education, when coupled
with moral and religious instruction. The prizes (copies of
the classics, &c.) were then distributed by the Most Rev. the
Primate to the successful students in the various depart-
' !twits of literature and science taught in the College.
Among the youthful scholars who were conspicuously/2140i-
guished in classic lore was a son of Mr. Barry the architect
of the New Houses of Parliament.
HER MAJESTY'S CORONATION.-011 Friday being
the sixth anniversary of her Alost Gracious Majesty's coro-
nation, the Tower and Park guns fired royal salutes at one
o'clock, and in the Tower the national standard was displayed
throughout the day, and the church bells in the metropolis
rang merry peals at intervals ; but there was certainly a con-
siderable lack of this kind of demonstration yesterday. At
the entrance of the 13t. Katharine Dock the Union ,Jack was
hoisted, and similar manifestations of loyalty were displayed
from some of the monuments aed other eminences throughout
the metropolis. The shipping in the river and in the docks
had their colours hoisted on the auspicious oce.esi,on.
A settler in the neighbourhood of Mount Barker
has produced this year fourteen quart; of prime strawberries,
which he sold at 55.. per quart, or id, exiiae
told, sixty strawberries filled a (heaped measure) as we are
quart, We
hear of fine fruit in every direction. Many of the imported
trees have thriven so wall as to promise great encourage-
ment for future importations at tl4g proper season.—Austra-
lian ?ape,.
• Tuu NEW VICEROY.—We have learned than Cap-
tain Willis, who laeid,tixe office of Gentleman Usher, for eighl
or nine years peat, has received a renewal of the appointmtut
atom Lord ileytosbury.—Dabiin Zvenits, POO

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE EYDNING PAPERS OF SATURDAY.
GLOBE.—Thanks to Sir James Graham fur invest-
ing the fag-end of a dull, do-little session with un-
wonted interest! But for his Paul Pry practices at the
Post-office, Somnus would have re-assumed his reign
in Parliament, and the nation would have caught the
soft infection. The mutiny in the Ministerial camp,
and the rumoured resignation of the Cabinet, gave a
fillip to the slumbering public. But the report was
too good to be true. The quarrel of Friday
was patched up on Monday ; the nation re-
sumed its nap ; and Peel was himself again.
The Home Secretary excels his Chief. His proceed-
ings are not likely to pass into forgetfulness. He
has aroused the public mind to indignation. The topic
in every circle, where politician, or commercial men,
" most do congregate"—in the house, or on the way—
the astounding fact, that the correspondence of the
public, foreign and domestic, which is committed to
the Post-office, in the full confidence that it is there
alike safe from curiosity or cupidity, so far as the sane
tions and penalties of law can render it secure—
that this sanctuary is liable to be entered and ran-
sacked, and selections made from it at the pleasure
of the Home Secretary—that by virtue of a " general
warrant" from him, any and every letter addressed to
any individual may be stopped, detained, opened, read,
and its contents communicated ; a revelation of such
a state of things, so unexpected and alarming, was
well calculated to awaken public attention, and to
arouse the dormant feelings of Englishmen. And it
has done so. The subject was again brought before the
House of Lords last evening, to be resumed on Thurs-
day evening next in that House. A motion on the
same subject is also to be brought forward in the
House of Commons in the course of the ensuing week.
Lord Radnor introduced the subject to the House
of Peers on presenting a petition from Mr. Mazzini, si-
milar in terms to that presented to the House of Commons
by Mr. Duncombe from the same person, complaining of
the detention and opening of his letters by the Post-
office authorities. The discussion which ensued, though
almost exclusively a legal argument as to the import of
the terms of the statute under which the obnoxious prac-
tice is defended, is invested with extraordinary interest.
A great constitutional right is placed in question. A
privilege only second to the boasted inviolability of an
Englishman's house—be it a palace or a cottage,
a mansion or a hovel—is jeopardised. The impression
of a man's seal has, in England, been hitherto regarded
as securing a letter against every individual except the
person to whom it was directed, or his authorised agents,
as completely as the lock upon a man's house, or upon
his desk, secured them from invasion against all but
himself, or those to whom he entrusted the key,
as the only authorised mode of effecting an entry.
This delusion has passed away. We are now told
that this is a popular error, which Sir James Graham
has taken upon himself to dispel, and Lord Lynd-
hurst and Lord Brougham—par mobile fratrum I—to
defend. The old practice—so consonant with the
notions of Englishmen—of respecting the seal of a letter,
or, at least, if it be opened, to apprise the party most
concerned that it has been broken and the contents
of the letter read, is now abolished. Every man
in England—the 'boasted birth-place and dwelling of
freedom, based on and defended by constitutional
law—who commits a letter to the Post-office, or who
receives a letter from his correspondent, does so under
the humiliating apprehension' that it may be, or has
been, opened and read at the Post-office by some autho-
-I..ised spy of the Home-office—the original seal broken
up, and a counterfeit impression skilfully executed, and
adroitly applied, affixed in the place of the original !
The legal point raised last evening is one on which
the Law Lords differ in opinion. It will, however,
be observed that the affirmative is adopted by Lord
Brougham and Lord Lyndhurst ; the soundness of
whose opinions will be impugned by their relative po-
sitions. Those, on the other hand, who contend that the
power of detaining and opening letters is limited, and
can only be exercised over a particular letter—specially
described in a warrant issued by the Secretary of State
with reference to that letter, authorising its detention
and inspection—are not open to the objection we have
stated as applicable to the Noble and Learned Lords to
whom we have alluded. The latter view was maintained
by Lord Denman and Lord Campbell. In a doubtful
matter, where far greater ambiguity exists as to the
construction of the words employed by the Legislature,
we should be quite as much disposed to take the law
from the lips of the Lord Chief Justice of England—
cool and dispassionate as his Lordship is in temperament,
and removed as he is, by virtue of his office, from the
turmoil of party strife—than from the Noble and Learned
Lord who occupies the woolsack, whence he would be
hurled by the overthrow of the Cabinet of which he is a
member. With reference to Lord Brougham, whatever
admiration may be excited by his powers of oratory, his
talents as a lawyer were never rated at a high value ;
while Lord Campbell has been regarded by all parties as
a lawyer par excellence. In the present case, however, we
think the construction to be placed on the terms in dis-
pute is sufficientlyobvious. Lord Campbell had "carefully
read, and attentively considered, the several Acts under
which the power exercised by the Secretary of State
was claimed and defended ; and he had no doubt that
they did not confer the power of issuing a general war-
rant." Lord Denman, in the most decided language,
expressed his concurrence in the interpretation of the
law given by Lord Campbell. " He was of opinion that
every letter which was opened in the Post-office, should
be opened tinder the authority of an express warrant."
The Lord Chancellor referred to the Act in support of
his construction of the words the meaning of which was
in dispute, but stopped short of the part of the clause
which made against his argument. The principle of law,
which requires'that all penal statutes shall be construed
strictly, and not with a latitude of interpretation against
the parties to be affected by them—the constitutional right
placed in issue—the resemblance which the case bears to
the case of " general warrants," in the celebrated case of
Wilkes, whose person and papers were seized by virtue
of " a general warrant" issued by Lord Halifax as
Secretary of State, the illegality of which was decided
by an appeal to the constitutional tribunals of the coun-
try—whatever view be taken of the question, whether
as to the terms of the statute, or by analogy, as supply-
ing illustration from cases similar to that now in dis-
pute ; all tend to the same conclusion, that the practice
complained of is as unjustifiable in law as it is odious in
the estimation of the public. That it must be abolished
by special enactment, if not voted by Parliament to be a
positive infraction of existing law, is now no longer
doubtful.
STANDARD.—As we anticipated, the Post-office
case is not likely to be let drop. Lord Radnor brought
it forward last night again in the House of Lords.
There is an obvious reason for all this. Signor Mazzini
in this way obtains nightly an advertisement as " a lite-
rary person "—an advertisement of which he apparently
stands in need, for we imagine that his contributions
to literature are as much a secret to the rest of
the world as they certainly are to ourselves ;
and the grievance is moreover an excellent grievance,
and one that will wear well, for it is impossible
for tha Ministers to explain it away without a gross
violation of duty, and unexplained it must remain for
ever odious. All the habits of thinking and feeling,
which we form from our social experience, are repug-
nant to the notion that it can be right to pry into
private letters ; and even the cases in which " the
safety of the commonwealth, the supreme law" has
been pleaded in excuse for violating the secrecy of
private correspondence, have not been uniformly
such as to reconcile us to the irregularity. Dr. Frank-
lin, the Deputy-Postmaster of North America, not only
stole but published private letters in 1773, for the pur-
pose of kindling war between the colonies and the mother
country ; he pleaded the public good as his apology ;
but he received a chastisement from the Solicitor-Gene-
ral Wedderburne, which few men would undergo for all
the fame, whether ail writer. politician, or discoverer, that
attaches to the memory of the American philosopher.
Again, some years ago the Whigs received, and published,
and made use of--if they did not themselves actually
steal—a letter of the late Chief Justice, Lord Norbury—
employing it for the aid of the disaffected faction in
Ireland, but of course pretending the public good. Now
these abuses of confidence naturally enough make more
hateful what our habits of private life cause us to detest,
and therefore the grievance is one of the most promising
kind. Still the difficulty remains. What is to be done ?
Nobody ventures to say that, under no circumstances
shall letters be opened in the Post-office ; and how are
you to find the proper limits ? The law has left
it to the discretion of the Home Secretary to fix those
limits pro re nata, subject, of course, to the responsibi-
lity to which every act of a Minister is subject, and we
do not see how, in this respect, the law can be improved
upon. Lord Campbell, indeed, and Lord Denman, hol
that the exercise of the discretion is hampered to
the extent of requiring a particular warrant fur each
letter opened. We must always dispute any opinion
of Lord Denman's with extreme diffidence, and, more
particularly, a legal opinion, but we cannot assent to his
Lordship's doctrine, which seems to us to involve a whole
knot ofpractical contradictions. Let us, for example, sup-
pose, the case of an officer of the Post-office indicted for
opening one of Signor Mazzini's letters. The officer
pleads in his defence the act of Queen Anne, and a
warrant, under the hand and seal of the Home
Secretary, authorising him (the officer) to detain,
open, and copy all letters addressed to the Signor.
The clause in the Act of Anne is not, as the Morning
Chronicle to-day sagely ! remarks, a penal clause
to be construed strictly ; it is, on the other
hand, a remedial and enlarging clause ; and,
therefore, entitled to the most liberal construc-
tion. Nobody knows this better than Lord
Denman. Now, we ask his Lordship, would it be con-
sistent with such liberal construction to reject the plea
of the prisoner in the case supposed ? But we will put
the case still more strongly against the Home Secre-
tary's right, and suppose that the warrant was directed
to the detention and examination of a single letter
to Mr. Mazzini ; still the officer would be safe in
detaining all the letters addressed to that individual,
because each might be the letter anticipated; and upon
whatever letter he might be indicted the warrant would
be a good defence, for the prisoner would be in a
condition to say that that was the letter intended.
Mr. Mazzini says that in the course of two or
three months he received seventy letters, which
would be, on the average of post days, three a day
at the least. How could a warrant distinguish the
letter suspected out o three ' We, alas, know those
who sometimes receive twenty times, and even
thirty times three letters in the day. Now suppose, ab-
sit omen, any of us, who give such work to the letter-
carriers, suspected of seditious practices. How could a
warrant, applicable to a single letter only, afford the
means of Sifting our correspondence? The question of
law was, hOwever, too completely disposed of by the
arguments of Lerd Brougham and the Chapeellor to
permit that we say more about it. The power ests
legally in the Government, to the full extent or
while Sir James-Graham has exercised it, and probably
it must Aoßtinue to exist, if for no other reason, to detet
men from using th 9 Post-office as the vehicle of criminal
correspondence. M' the pubic has a right to

claim is, that it shall not be wantonly exercised—
exercised for any unworthy purpose—or exercised
without using every precaution against Injurious
consequences either to the public or individuals.
Now, it is not even insinuated that in Mazzini's
case the power was exercised wantonly, or with any
unworthy motive, and no injury to any human being can-
be traced to its exercise. How different the cases of
Franklin's stolen letters, and of the Whig employment
of Lord Norbury's stolen letter : there, breach of trust
—breach of trust, too, without any sanctir of legal
authority—was used as the means of exciting sedition,
fomenting public hatred, and calumniating individuals.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
COURT OF CHANCERY, June 29.

The Lord Chancellor:sat in Lincoln's-inn Hall to-day
shortly after ten o'clock.

DT THE CASE OF DYCE SOMBRE, A LUNATIC.

The LORD CHANCELLOR, On taking his seat this morning,
said, that he was desirous of stating a circumstance that had
taken place in the case of Mr. Dyce Sombre. There were
certain persons, it appeared, appointed to superintend Mr.
Dyce Sombre, with his own consent—officers of police, and
so on. Those individuals had communicated to his Lordship
that Mr. Dyce Sombre the other day, while walking out, had
dropped a letter down the area of No. 2, Park-lane. The
officers had sent that letter to his Lordship ; it was sealed,
but not addressed. His Lordship had inquired of what
description this house was, and he had been told
it was a public one of some sort. His Lordship, not feeling
himself justified in opening the letter, wished to know from
the Gentlemen of the Bar engaged in the case what they
desired he should do on the subject.
Sir THOMAS WILDE knew nothing of the letter, and was
willing that his Lordship should adopt any course he pleased
upon the subject.
Mr. KELLY, on behalf of Mrs. Dyce Sombre, would leave
the matter entirely in the hands of his Lordship.
The LORD CHANCELLOR said the letter must be opened
at some period or other, but he would consult Mrs.
Dyce Sombre herself upon it. He thought that it
might be convenient to the Bar that he should state that
he was obliged to leave Court to-day at half-past two;
he was the more sorry for that, because he was convinced,
frein what he knew of the case, that it could not be finished
to-day, and next week he would have to sit in the House of
Lords every day, with the exception of Wednesday and
Saturday.
Sir T. WILDE said that, since the subject was last men-
tioned, affidavits had been filed of considerable length, cover-
ing twenty or thirty sheets of paper. Those affidavits had
been filed on Wednesday, but not delivered till yesterday; it
eras, therefore, impossible that Counsel could make them.
selves acquainted with them. He doubted, therefore, as his
Lordship was obliged to rise at half-past two o'clock, whether
it would be a useful occupation of the time of the Court, to
proceed with this important case to-day. He trusted, there
fore, that the Court would order the matter to stand over.
The LORD CHANCELLOR said, if this was an ordinary case
be would consent to the application, and adjourn the case to
a future day; but he was afraid the adjournment would have
Ouch an effect on Mr. Dyce Sombre, that he must decline
cceding to it. He was afraid of the consequences, unless
the Learned Counsel could obtain the consent of Mr. Dyce
Sombre.
I Sir T. WILDE could obtain the consent of Mr. Dyce Sombre
to anything but delay.
' The LORD CHANCELLOR—Then you must go on with the
Sir T. WILDE then proceeded to open the petition of Mr.
Dyce Sombre, praying for the supersedeas of the commission
which was issued in July, 1843, against Mr. Dyce Sombre.
(We decline entering further into the case until the matter
shall have come more fully before the Court.)

VICE-CHANCELLOR'S COURT, June 29.
(Belem Sir JAMES WIGRAM.)
iWOODROFFE v. WOODROFFE.
His HoNoun pronounced judgment in this case. The sole
uestion was, whether a gentleman who had been named as
guardian alitem to an infant defendant, should be dis-
harged. There was no imputation against him, except that
he had employed a solicitor of the name of Hutnell, who, it
},vas said, had conducted the proceedings in such a manner
that he ought to be removed. He had read the bill, and
lie had never seen one drawn with more professional skill.
Poe of the grounds on which the plaintiff's case rested was,
that he had appointed as guardian a gentleman who was in
no way connected with the family. He would not give any
opinion as to whether or not it was right that such a person
should act as guardian. With respect to ,Mr. Hutnell, if an
mistake had been committed, it was the mistake of counsel,
land he, therefore, was not to blame. Still, considering that
there had been great exasperation between the parties, he
thought it right that Mr. Chapman should undertake to ap-
oint a new solicitor to conduct the proceedings in the cause
n behalf of the infant.. The question of costs must be sus-
Oended.

COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, June 29.
Sittings at Nisi Prius before Chief Justice DE AN and

Special Juries.)
TIIE QUEEN V. UPTON.

This was an indictment preferred against the defendant, a
solicitor, and a partner in the firm of Messrs. Baxendale,
Tatham, Upton, and Johnstone, of Great Winchester-street,
by Mr. Benjamin Hope, a solicitor, at Wells, Somersetshire,
charging him with suborning the prosecutor's brother, Mil
Henry Payne Hope, to commit perjury, which he was alleged,
to have done in the form of an affidavit, stating that he Pak
. Hope) had refused to execute a mortgage unless the
arrant of attorney contained a defeasance of 6001. and
nterest.
Mr. Hope conducted his own case ; Mr. Martin, Mr. Crow-
er, and Mr. Bristow appeared for the defendant.
Several witnesses were called by Mr. Hope, among whom
as his brother, but the charge was not proved, and the jury,
nder the direction of Lord Denman, immediately returned a
1 erdict of Not Guilty.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER, June 29.
(Sittings at Nisi Prins in London, before the LORD CHIEF
BARON. )

BALDWIN V. ALSAGER AND OTHERS.

This was an action in trover against the assignees of a Mr.
Sewell, who in the year 1843 became a bankrupt, to recover
the sum of 2084 the value of 72 barrels of ale.
Mr. Jervis and Mr. Petersdorfl' appeared for the plaintiff,
!and Mr. Cockburn for the defendants.
_

...._ ~..,.......
The plaintiff in the action kept the Queen's Railway Arms,
Charles-street, Paddington. In the month of May, 1842, he
went with Sewell to the brewery of Messrs. Harris, in the
Hampstead-road, and there ordered 78 casks of ale, at 58s.
per cask, and they were sent to his house. In the autumn
of that year Sewell succeeded to the business, and part of
the stock in question, 72 barrels, by a memorandum, dated
August 4, 1842, was still to remain the property of Baldwin.
Sewell afterwards became a bankrupt. The assignees, after
ja protracted dispute sold the ale for about 1081., and the object
;of the present action was indemnification to the plaintiff.
IMr. COCKBURN, for the defence, said the assignees had an
II "nterest the very reverse of depreciating the value of or tam-
pering with the ale which had by the opposite side been im-
puted to them. The point upon which he mainly relied was
that Sewell, in the eyes of the world, was the reputed owner
of the ale which was certainly in his own order and disposi-
tion. A claim against it from the creditors might well arise
on the sole ground of their allowing debts to be incurred
when they saw the, security.
The j ury gave a verdict for the plaintiff—Damages, 100/. 108

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
(SATURDAY.)
GUILDHALL.

Mr. Robert Reeves, a pawnbroker, carrying on busi-
ness in Redcross-street, Cripplegate, appeared before
Messrs. Aldermen T. Johnson and Hooper, to answer an
information filed against him by a man named M'Callan,
a common informer, for having exacted a larger amount
of interest than was allowed by the Pawnbrokers' Act, to
which offence he pleaded not guilty ; and Mr. Hum-
phries, the solicitor, attended to defend him.
James Hurst stated, that on the 27th ult. he was en-
trusted with a duplicate to redeem two books, which
were in pledge for 45., in the name of Ann Parker, from
the 15th of April, 1843. He tendered ss. as payment,
and received 7d. as change, sd. being charged as interest,
which was an overcharge, 3id. and four-tenths of a far-
thing being the legal and just amount of interest due on
the loan. _ _

M'eallan hating stated that that was all the evidence
he had against the defendant,
Mr. Humphries proceeded to cross-examine the witness,
from which it will be pretty well seen the kind of crea-
tures that so callously pounce upon and victimise timid
tradesmen, who prefer compromising the affair to being
dragged before the public, and their affairs made known
sn a police-court.
Mr. Humphries—Now, Mr. Hurst, do you know this
Miss Anne Parker—did you ever see her ? Witness—
No, I do not.
Mr. Humphries—But you have redeemed several
pledges in the name of Anne Parker ? Witness—Yes,
I have ; perhaps about four.
Mr. Ilumphries—What are you by trade ? Witness
—A bookbinder.

Mr. Humphries—But you don't work at the book-
binding now ? Witness—No, Ido not ; lam painting
and decorating Mr. M'Callan's house.
Mr. Humphries—Oh, indeed ; you are then a painter
and decorator, besides being a bookbinder. Pray, in
what capacity did you start in the world ? Witness—
In a little dragooning—(Laughter)—about seven years
ago.
Mr. Humphries—And you then turned a life-guards-
man, and afterwards a policeman. Witness—Exactly
so.—(Much laughter.)
Mr. Humphries—ln fact, within the space of seven
years, you have been a dragoon, a life-guardsman,
policeman, painter and decorator, bookbinder, and,
above all, a common informer's witness.—(Continued
laughter.) Witness (with an impudent air)—Just so, I
can turn my hand to anything.—(Roars of laughter.)
Mr. Humphries—Not a doubt of it, sir. You have no
regular occupation, either in the bookbinding, painting,
or soldiering ? Witness—None whatever ; I get my
living the best way I can.
Mr. Humphries—Nuw, how does M'Callan pay you ?
—by the job ? Witness—No, by the lump.
Mr. Humphries—How much did you get for the day
you called at the defendant's? Witness—five shillings.
I called at four other pawnbrokers on the same day.
Mr. Humphries—And you go out in the hope of the
unfortunate pawnbrokers making a slight overcharge, so
that you may lay an information against them? Wit-
ness—lf they charge too much I certainly do inform
against them.
Mr. Humphries—You have been in Mr. M'Callan's
employ some time, and given evidencein numerous cases?
Witness—l have so. _ _ .

Mr. Humphries—ln fact, you are paid for swearing,
are you not? and are also paid before you do swear.
Witness—l am generally paid before I give evidence.
Mr. Humphries then in a very spirited manner ad-
dressed the Bencb, and submitted that the defendant
could not be convicted upon the evidence of a man like
Hurst. They proceeded quite in a systematic manner
to ensnare their victims,
and in the hope of convicting
them, it was evident that they would strain their con-
sciences to the utmost to answer their purpose.
The Magistrates then consulted together, and after a
few minutes

Mr Alderman JOHNSON said that they fined the de-
fendant 10s., but remarked the worthy Alderman, not
one fraction of it will be allowed to the informer.
MARLBOROUGH-STREET.
Wm. Dunn, Esq., of Tredegar-square, and Henry Nor-
ton, Esq„ of Russell-square, gentlemen, were brought
before Mr. Hardwick, 'charged with having assaulted
Mr. Wiltshire, confectioner, 332, Oxford-street. There
was a second charge against Dunn for having also as-
saulted the police.
From the statement of Mr. Wiltshire, it appeared that

the defendants brought two females into his shop the
previous evening to treat them to some pastry. 'The
conduct of'the defendants while in the shop was noisy
and unbecoming, and when one of them began beating with
his whip upon the table, it was necessary to make an ap
peal to them to behave themselves with more propriety.
The defendants demanded to know what they had to pay,
and when told the price of the delicacies they had con-
sumed was 4s. 6d., one of them told Mr. Wiltshire he
was a liar. Mr. Willshire was eventually paid, but was
subjected to great abuse, and ultimately he was struck
by Mr. Dunn with his whip. Assistance was called,
and some of the journeymen came to protect their mas-
ter, but they could not interfere time enough to prevent
Mr. Willshire from being again beaten with the whip,
and also struck by Mr. Norton. In consequence of this
violent outrage the police were called, and then the de-
fendants made their escape out of the shmp, but they
were pursued and taken into custody. When police-
constable C 68 laid hold of Mr. Dunn, he was asked
whether he had any charge against him, and on being
told he had none, but that Mr. Willshire had insisted
on being released, and gave the constable a smart push,
or blow in order to effect his object. It was further
stated that the defendant did not appear to be sober.
The defendants said they were quite sober. They had
been dining at Verrey's, and had drank not more than
about two bottles and a half of wine, and this would
not make them drunk, as Mr. Verrey would prove, if
sent for. With respect to the charge, they said the
affray had arisen in consequence of some remarks having
been made on the behaviour of the ladies who were then
under their protection, and whom they had just met
with in Regent-street, and at their solicitation treated to
some refreshment.
Mr. HARDWICK said the evidence to establish an
assault on the police was sufficient to satisfy him, as
well as that a gross assault had also been committed
on the complainant. The law gave magistrates a power
to commit at once to the House of Correction, where a
charge of assault was proved on a constable, and in
the case of a poor and uneducated man this power was
frequently made use of. Persons of station and educa-
tion, guilty of the same misconduct, were less entitled to
'forbearance, for they had the means of knowing their
duty to society, and the necessity for respecting the
laws, which persons in an humbler station had not. If
the defendants had been assaulted they would have ap-
plied for protection to the police, and it was therefore
but right that the police should be protected in their
turn. Taking the whole of the charge into account he
was very much inclined to think that a money penalty
was an inadequate punishment, and that it was his duty
to commit at once to the House of Correction.

Mr Dunn exhibited undisguised alarm at this intima-
tion, expressed his sorrow for what had occurred, and
added that if any assault had been committed on the
police, which he certainly never intended to commit, it
was of a very slight character.
Mr. HARDWICK said the slightness of the assault was
the only circumstance of mitigation in the case. He de-
sired it to be understood that when the police were sub-
jected to ill-usage in the execution of their duty, it was
his determination to inflict the punishment of imprison-
ment, and not to impose a fine, and neither the rank or
station of parties should shield them from the penalty of
their misconduct.

Mr. HAnDwicK then adjudged Mr. Dunn to pay 51.
for the assault on Mr. Willshire, and 51. for the assault
on the police. Mr. Norton was fined 51. for the assault
on Mr. Willshire.—The fines, 151. in amount, were im-
mediately paid.
The parish authorities of St. James's brought John
Horne Diamond, a person dressed in handsome sailor's
clothes, before Mr. Hardwick, for having deserted his
his wife and children.

It was stated that the wife was the daughter of a
clergyman named Pascoe, who died suddenly a few years
ago in the pulpit while preaching a charity sermon ; up-
wards of 9,000 L was collected for the support of the
widow and her children, one of whom was the present
complainant, who having picked up the defendant, a
common sailor, married him, and gave him the control
of some hundreds of pounds, which fell to her share.
Her husband soon squandered the whole of the money
by the most reckless profligacy, and he then abandoned
her and went to sea. The wife had suffered very great
privations, and had been obliged to have recourse to the
parish. The husband, who had never contributed a
farthing towards the support of his family, recently re-
turned from sea, and took up his quarters in the next
street to where the wife lived ; but he never made the
smallest inquiry about her, though he was very particu-
lar in inquiries about the mother, who lived on the pro-
cc eds of part of the charitable fund, at whose death a
portion was likely to come to his wife.
The defendant said he had not the means of supporting
his wife.
➢lr. Blizzard, the vestry-clerk, said the man came
home with
.meney, spent it upon himself, and then went
another voyage.
Mr.,IFIARDWICK said no punishment could be too great
for such unprincipled and unfeeling conduct. He should
go as far as the law allowed, and send the defendant at
once to the House of Correction for three months.