The Sun.
London, England, 1844-08-27 00:00:00

tenant, is sure to be annoyed, his property destroyed,
and, in many cases, his life taken. .
CONSOLIDATION OF FARMS.—Within the last few
years this plan has become very general. It is ac-
complished by extensive evictions, and its conse-
quences ate dreadful. Landlords are frequently
murdered, or bailiffs, or in-coming tenants. In this
consolidation of farms agrarian outrages have chiefly
originated. It has diminished labour and caused
great dstress and misery, driving many of the evicted
tenants to ci:tiFration.
SUB-LETTING ca, FARMS.—Sub •
letting is very little practised in rtieoc Irronies. The
new letting on suil-tinants, in these caries oexe it, 4,-_;
.---I.4arge &vino; with grass
6eourseteil:
j:f great
condition.
in a Prilfor4Ye
is apneFally the case.
-11ntt for a
• -1 stag.

has
FARMING _
lands, are in some
With tillage lands the
Small farmers are generally strugg—
hood ; and labourers are in the most wretche.
Wages where employment can be had seldom excieu
sixpence per day, without food. Witness knows many
families who can get no more than one meal of pota-
toes and salt a day. The Government Loan Fund is
of great service to labourers.
The rent on small farms is generally higher than on
the larger ones—the rent of smal farms is generally
paid in cash, and witness believes more punctually
than that of large farms. The children of tenants, on
the death of their parents, are left to the care of
friends, who, in general perform the duties of guar-
dians, if the farms are left to them. Labourers in the
country usually hold cabins with little or no land
from farmers, but they usually reside near or in towns,
where their condition is miserable in the extreme. In
the country the rent is paid by distress or civil bill
at quarter sessions. The con-acre system which
prevails in some parts, is of infinite service—but for
this they would be unable to obtain provisions. Con-
acre is usually set at 101. per acre, and taken
from farmers. In many cases, employment cannot
be obtained at any rate of wages. The wages usually
given are Bd. per day in summer, and 6d. in winter.
Witness has known labourers to go seven or eight
miles at four o'clock in the morning, and offer to
work the day for 6d. Agrarian outrage in almost
every case has arisen from the eviction of tenantry.
AGENCIES.—The lands of resident proprietors are
in general best managed. The duties of agents con-
sist in collecting rent, &c.
CHARGES ON LAND.—The amount of county cess
varies in this county, but is generally about 3s. per
acre. It is collected in January and June of each
year. The poor-rate varies in each electoral division
of the union. In the division of Nenagh it is ls.sid.
in the pound. The amount of poor-rate division is
about 7s. 31d. per acre. The landlord allows half the
rate in the rent, provided there are no arrears. The
rent charge is paid by the tenant; in cases where he
refuses to do so he is evicted.
EVICTING FOR NON-TITLE AND NON-PAYMENT OF
RENT.—Witness never knew much sympathy for te-
nants evicted for non-payment of rent, unless such as
paid a rack-rent or arrears accumulated. There is
always sympathy for persons turned out for non-title
—and this, in witness's opinion, is the cause of
agrarian outrage.
Lord DEVON—WouId small farmers with farms
from four to ten acres be able to pay their, rent and
support themselves ?
Answer—l know of small farmers with four to six
acres being more independent than large tillage farm-
ers ; because farmers of this class will till with ma-
nual labour, and thus the ground is better tilled and
more productive ; they also keep two or three pigs in
the year, and this enables them to pay their rent. On
the contrary, farmers with from twenty to twenty-
five acres will keep a couple of horses, whose support
takes away nearly all the profits, and a great portion
of the produce of the farm.
Lord DEVON—Do the Catholic clergy assist by ad-
vice to put down agrarian outrage ?
Answer—Yes, always—and but for the advice of
the Catholic clergy—the dread of future punishment,
and the hope of future reward, I am confident assassi-
nations would be more frequent.
Lord DEVON—How did these outrages originate ?

Answer—Before the passing of the-Emancipation
Act, gentlemen gave leases to a numerous tenantry
for the purchase of making them 40s. freeholders, and
had frequent intercourse with these tenants for dif-
ferent purposes ; but since the passing of that Bill,
the landlords have consolidated their farms, and driven
the smaller farmers to seek employment as labourers
when no employment could be obtained. If the landed
proprietors had more intercourse with their tenants,
and corrected such grievances as lay in their power, I
feel confident that the tenants would do all they could
to cultivate their friendship. But the rents are
chiefly paid through agents, who, having no in-
terest in the welfare of the tenantry, do not care,
with some honourable exceptions, what becomes
of the tenant so that the rent is paid. Now, as
the rents are frequently demanded at a time when
the tenant is unable to pay it, from not having sold
his crops—an eviction takes place, and the tenant is
driven out on the world. From the number of these
evictions, the tenants look on the landlord with sus-
picion—the landlord, on the contrary, equally fears
and suspects the tenant, and thus originate the agra-
rian outrages. Some landlords and agents ask their
rents in a harsh and intemperate manner—this ap-
pears to the tenant as if the landlord or agent owed
him some and he is, therefore, afraid that
they will evict him. Tenants will make great sacri-
fices to serve a landlord or agent who deals with them
in a kind and courteous manner. I know of some
landlords and agents who are more kind and generous
to tenants of a desperate character, than to their more
industrious and peaceable tenants.

PUBLIC P44g,—MANCHESTER.—Amongst the sub-
scriptions announced is the munificent sum of 1,0001.
from Jones Loyd and Co.—Manchester Guardian.
TEA SALE AT BRISTOL.—After the stagnation
which has prevailed for some some time past in the
trade, it was cheering to witness the animated competi-
tion at the sale held on Wednesday morning, at the
Assembly Rooms, when a selection of 3,500 chests from
the imports per Anna Maria, Eagle, and Malacca were
brought forward, and upwards of 3,000 chests sold at
full priees. We observed several strangers froni the
--lon and Liverpool markets amongst the purchasers;
and, upo..-
the whole, the result, as a specimen of the re-
vival of this i
ni-cnrtant trade in Bristol, is very manifest,
and must prove very
g:Q.tifying.i,!o the parties concerned.
We are glad to see that the
rect import to this plane
has begun to attract more general
by the esta-
blishment of some new concerns amongst us.— Bristol
Alirror.

DEATH FROM TAKING IMPROPER MEDICINE.—OH
Saturday evening, an inquest was held at the Globe
Tavern, Greenwich, before Mr. C. J. Carttar, upon the
body of Sarah Elizabeth Sage, aged 19 years (late house-
maid to Jarrett Dashwood, Esq., surgeon, Royal•hill),
who came by her death under the following circura-
stances :—Ann Hughes Sage, aged 21, deposed that she was
sister to the deceased, and had lived three months iu Dr.
Dashwood's family. Her sister's health had been very
bail lately. She had taken an old woman's advice
belonging to a garden at the back of the circus. The
old woman said she would get something for her. She
took the prescription on Thursday. It was two penny-
worth of- pennyroyal mixed with a pennyworth of
hysteric water, purchased at Riche's shop, a chemist in
London-street. She also got pennyroyal in a green
state from Mr. Morley's son on Royal-hill. The mix-
ture made three glasses, to which was added a penny-
worth of gin. She did not take it by her master's advice.
She took it in three doses, and it seemed to give relief. At
eleven o'clock on Friday night she became much worse, and
Mrs. Dashwood gave her a little brandy and water, and
paid her every attention. She remained in great agony
until half-past four on Saturday morning, when she ex •
pired. Mr. Jarrett Dashwood, surgeon, deposed that
deceased had not been quite well in health for some time,
and had tried various remedies. From Christmas last
she had been in the habit of taking medicines from per-
sons not qualified. Had also taken two or three doses
of Widow Welch's pills. All advertised medicines con-
tain drugs of a deadly quality, such as aloes, gamboge,
calomel, &c. The mucous membrane of the bowels was
highly inflamed. Witness returned from London at five
o'clock on Friday afternoon, and found deceased in a
very dangerous state. Her pulse was at 140. She was
suffering from vertigo, fainting, and nausea, with, the ex-
tremities cold and rigid. He took the most energetic
means, and ordered bleeding. Her blood was still highly
inflamed. Administered Dr. James's powders, chalk,
&c., and applied a blister to the abdomen, and saw her
four times during the night. Had she consulted a pro-
fessional man, instead of quacking herself, she would,
in all probability, have been still alive. The mixture
taken in the state her stomach was then in caused it to
be highly inflamed. The jury, after conferring for a
short time, returned the following verdict :—" That the
deceased died from natural causes, hastened by her
taking a decoction of a vegetable herb, while the stomach
in a state of inflammation."
was _ Iked-of measure to grant soldiers a

O.
The mt., a-
: ten years' service, appears to have
free discharge atte
boons of late years, deferred
been abandoned, or, like a,.
are so obvious, in a
as long as possible. The advantag,-.7
-..under it has
financial view of the question, that we
The
not been pressed in Parliament by the Economists•
enormous reduction it would ultimately
effect in the
Pension List merits more consideration than the matter
:
has yet received ; and, as a measure calculated to intro-
duce a better class of men into the service, it is most
desirable in a military view. We well know that in every
regiment there are many men who enlisted under the
heavy pressure of circumstances, pecuniary or moral, who
would now gladly return to civil life after ten years' ser-
vice. Under the present engagement of unlimited service,
this class of soldier is a discontented, unhappy being, only
held to his colours by the chains of martial law. We
would see with gratification these men allowed, after
their ten years' service, to depart free. The country
would be amply repaid by ten years' work, and bene-
ficially freed from the future charge of pension to indi-
%iduals unwillingly eking out the time of discharge in
slackwat a
onbd
es
cutlikoy pfo rn
s ecran me
xa
inset ewohf
cahslittle
sdt
ruot
nyga
es
npoousgs ihb lteo.
counteract these great national and professional advan-
tages, we know not. We well remember when pur-
chastd discharges were exceedingly rare ; but in due
time it was admitted, that by readily permitting them,
under ordinary circumstances, the country was largely
benefited by the sum paid, and the army recruited, al-
reoct wlthouP charge, And with more facility.—Naval and
.111ilitctry