The Sun.
London, England, 1817-07-12 00:00:00

PRESENT sauAnos OF TIIE CUtJNTRY.

Mr. BROUGLIABI said, if the present situation of
the Country presented that aspect which we hind
been led to expect—if no extraordinary occur•
rence had marked the commencement of the SesA
sion-t-ennd if, at the close of it, the House were '
to retire, leaving the liberties of our Constitution
on their ancient footing, and the poxers of the
Crow') only as limited as that Constitution should
keep them, he should not have fonrid it Pieces-
sdry to trespass once more on the indulgence of
the House in their present exhausted state. Butt
when he looked at the expectations the country
had formed,, ayd the disrppointment of these
hopes in the course of the Parliamentary proceetk
ings—and, above all, the footing on which now
stood the rights end liberties of each individual
member of the community, he could not allow
the House, to be prorogued without performing
the not very agreettble•duty of renderiog an item
count of what it had done, and' what it had not
done, and of endeavouring to carry tosthe foot of
the Throne such an Address as, during rite Pro•
rogation, might make a proper impression. It
must he in the recollection of every man, that the
distress of this country, for iome months previone
to the opening of the Session, was such that it
was beyond all desct ip ion. He should not ate
tempt to describe it. It was, however, too feel"
iogly described inn the language of many of the
Petitions that had conic before the House ; and
the picture of it given by the Noble Member for
Hertfordshire Was indeed such as to render any
description of it unnecessary. In the midst of
•these grievous sufferings, it-war natural that t'liere
should .lie great discontent amongst the people at
' the measures of Government, and an anxiolis
site for a change; and that here and there, there
should have heen partial excesses of a trifling -ex-
tent. A variety of persons, inconsiderable in-
point of-weight and understanding, hail certainly
attempted to avail themselves of this distress for
the worst of purposes. But amongst the reason-
able people of thls country--,those %rho admired
the stability of true excellent institutions, there
was a universal expectation of relier,.particular.
ly where, the distress was most deeply rooted,
from the Parliament alone. It was here only
that they found they could or ought to look for
relief. Flow had Parliament answered these ex -
pectations ? They had begun; not with measures
for relieving the people, but fcr destroying them.
Before asking what they cotild-do roe them, they
had proceeded to take from them whet they pos4
sessed, and When they did inquire ;into their dis=
tresses, nod Measores were proposed on, his side
of the Honse to relieve tireinewhent it,was sisescri
that these measures consisted of tf reni3ion of one'
commercial policy, the answer made no suell
proposition was, by adoption, a motion " that
'the other Orders of the Pay be now read." It,
when the starring people turned their eyes to.".

'lair

wards the House of' Commons, and refused to be
mi-led Iry demagogues, who told them that the
I\lettotcr, were not the kepresent wives of the
Pcoille—if any (we had got ty and said at a pub-
‘‘ by go rt,eeei they will do no-
thine for you," its .was Sure such a person would
Out have been save Meet) ter'u beeu said of the
panaceas- and:DO-strain, 14'.:Voiriitnetitary Reform,
but they had been derided.. e'en by the bear anti
warmcmt friends of'. Reform ; and the natural
consequences of this, great distress was to
ecatCh
at straws. But as the House had.ditne nothing for
these, people, it mights not be .araiSs to inquire
whether the. distresses of the Country had been'
greatly dimieisheal by the cootie of nature. "lhe
doubtediv*there was a prospect of abundant
harvest, and, he would fait, hope that the trade of
time :Coimirtry had reached its lowest level.. The el--
fecti. '4 the late harvest had, he hoped,..'spt:ri
thelie,elves there was said to be a-considerahle
iticreiqu'in time value of land, though he thought
thk 'Might be. exaggerated ; there ,was alSo a -rise
in the Fonds, and there was every. reason to be-
lieve that we should not see the revenue so bad as.
it was nee or six months aeo. But that very har-
vest had had the effect of reviving our.eevenue,by.
the opening of the ports for tite itn-portat,ion of
corn, which paid.no duty. 171te falling off in our
coninieree was the want of goods to import, and
the'Want of riches.,, so that it could not fail to be
bet ved that the opening -of our ports for corn
had been the practical cause of the increase of
our trade. But the fear was, that this change
might be only temporary; as the cause would soon
cease. As to the.. rise in the Ftinds, there were
two (*rise's; permanent and temporary. The 41.1 i.
TOillAtt-On of taxes, and the annual savings.in
quence, persons in wade,. might have in some
deeite itnnros ed 'them ht the course of the. last
yei:ir, bur he u2Ot of issue or 'vent for our trade,
and the want of any Whey mode of laying out our
money, rendend this cause only temporat v, and
the. Fonds most, as so -ii as trade revives, sink to
8 lower revel Therefore he could not look at
their pre,.ent state as an tmeqiiivocal proof of our
pros pßot when wagcs were down as• low
a, ss. or 6s. per week kir an able bodied wolittuan
in the ‘NeetVing line, it could not seem that there
was any thing like a considerable improvement in
our general circumstances. Yet he hoped and
trusted we loot seen the. tt orsr. Bet this was no
reason ter the House to remain satisfied, and not
proceed to improve the condition of the people;
becan,e that condition was a little worse five or
six months aeo. He denied the assertion that
Parliament could do nothiug. As long as any
remedy remained within their reach, it Was a
bleach of duty to sit idle, with their RUMS acros,,
and wait the went. Now, what had been pro-
-and- what. acted upon ? Nu man charged
Bliuisters 'lilt, the consequences which must have
been expected ro, happen by time natural transition
from war to peat e, however much Wattle ought
be thrown on them for the conduct cif the war.
But it had-been said our system wants revision,-
whieh every great change rendered necessary.
Revise your commercial policy; revise your finan-
cial system, fit the peroose of seducing the taxes.
These were the- propositions ; emit how were they
ansuered ? Tile Right
.HOim. Gentleman at the
bead of the Breafd 'of Trade had admitted the jtis-
t ice of .every principle which. he (Mr.- B-.). had
ventured f(; lay down, on the-sohject of our cpM-
rnercial policy ; :and, iu that memorable candour
of his dispositiou, still mote memorable fronethe
result that f1)111/VVtd it, ,he bad said, that though
lie „diem ed all time peirieiples that, heti been ad-
vanced, Goat-virulent lutist not act on one of them,
because they ere surrounded by tonfiic,ing pri-
vate interests: AV;.y were these conflicting inte-
rest. submitted to ? There w is the interest of
the Baltic trade ; then came Canada and the ship-.
ping interest ; and a hat, it teas asked, could be
done 1 Next came the. iron and the copper mer-
chant. and th y besieged the Board of Trade, and
then it was asked what could be done with all
these Gentlemen ? If we oppose the lioen trade of
the north of lit land, all these Gentlemen will come
upon its in a body Such was the touching simplicity,
with which the Gentlemen opposite confessed
their toter inability to do what they wished. So,
said they, in effect, " we will move the other
orders of the day, because we admit that what
you have proposed would greatly benefit the coun-
try; bet tic little paltry consid,rations of wood,
iron, copper, and linen, have tied up our hands."
Put if the House Lad done its duty, it would have
answered, " Go on, and if you are not dismissed
!rem your places for imbecility, we will back you,
by the result of a Committee of Inqu'ry, and then
you can no longer complain." The House, how-
ever, had thought proper to adopt the other
course, end thus, in the third year after a defini-
tive Treaty of Peace, we remained without any
iational attempt having been made, to restore the
commercial and trading,interert3 of the•Coontry.
Now with respect to our finances, Gentlemen on
his side maintained, that the way to improve the
revenue was by lowering the taxes, as by lowering
time ditties they would increase the amount of'
the consumption, and consequently of the income,
while the people would he relieved from their
bnrthens. .But the Right Hon. Gentleman oppo-
pi!e wonld do nothing until he could re-enact the
lfleotne Tax. Now lie got a loan from the Bank.
with interest ; then a loan without intet est ; then
an issue of Exchequer Bills, .and similar expe-
dients : and, in short, the Chancellor of the Ex-
chvymer's- system was to have no system, but to
have things as they were, under the cheering con-
soletion of the rise in the fund 3, till circumstances
rendered it possibie. to revive that favourite child
of Ilk, pt• whom himself and the Right Hon.
Gentleman near him (Mr.:Rose) were cmitinually
sin gists; the dirge. But he was sore they never
eireeld succeed—they never .could till the, House of
ceeemeons became generally detestable- and aban-
doned. With respect to; foreign commerce, there
was the same want of articles of importation from
wkile we were.ptess.ed by the competition
of foreign skill and foreign,eapital, so that time Fi-
oseee Cometnittee could resort to nothing but an
average in their opinions as to the causes of
.the
revellueetailieg off. .It bad been said, that though
there WAS some reason to believe the foreign trade
would revive to some extent, there was but too
'limb reason to believe it would never regain its
tom reel. stale. This was his opinion, Alld he tretill-
ttlllC4 it still. There was an incapacity on the

. .
part of the Continent testate Mir goti:As , nnA Oe'rr
growing actiiiiy would 'O to opits•ite thoti.—
Our advantage lay in our skill ainr,linitchinery ;
but at Vienna, iMulrlitatisen, and other nlacesii
they had attained to so much like equal. ability,
that t no,. n ho reckoned on such mantitartureslie-

ing exclusiveiy our own, would too soon'find them-
.lves outlet: a. great. delusion. This. brought kin]
to a topic.connected with our home tOsimtactures.
There 'was a' Petition proposed by the Master Cot-
ton Manulacttets ag•ainst- the exportation Of Cot,
ton Twist, which was- to have been signed by
200,000 of the working people. it had been said
that if things should remain in the s►+me situation
tilt next Session, there would be no difficulty in

persuading the House to enter into a full investi-
gation of the subject, and he should. he who
would be most ready to enter it. But though'no,
body would be more anxious than himself td.eatch
-at.every.thiug that could afford the slightest re,
Ref to \those people, it was his duty to state, that
the m►►re thoroughly the project of prohibiting the
exportation of twist was investigated, the more it
would be found to have the effect of diminishing

the export trade, by the atnount of the exporta-
tion and the value of the article imported for it,
and to increase the price of the article at home.—
The Hon. and Learned Gentleman proceeded to
attribute much of the distress among the operat-
ing cotton weavers in distant parts of the' coun-
try, and their reasons for joining persons ot dis-
conteated views, to there being oo permanent and
regular connection between them and their em-
ployers. He contrasted their situation with that
of the clothiers in the West ot Yorkshire,
where the connection teas more regular and sub-
stantial, and consequently there was less distress
and disturbance. He argued that we had no bet-
ter means of hettelin'g our general condition than
by fi ding new channels for our commerce. He
adverted to the resisting of a proper intercourse
between this Government and South America ;
and observed that there was precisely the sante
uniform want of system in this as in all their
tither operations. We had a 'Con.til at Trinidad,
but he only produced his commission atter the
Spaniards had revolted ; while ilk Portuguese and"
British America we had no such Officer. & cry
Merchant condemned the Governor Of Trinidad,
who had shewn himself from the greatest to the
minutest details of his government, hostile to the
imemests of the Independents, had caestol
an almost total interruption 'in the communications
with the Spanish Main so that the price of pro•
visions had been advanced abotit 1000 per Cent.
or front sd. per lb. to ss. fid. He must beg to
call the attention of the House to the• manner iii
which Ministers had exercised that very prepon-
derating influence which all the victories and cre-
dit we bad with the Allied Powers gave us a right
to expect. One fact was worth a thousand ar-
guments, "acrd this existed in the case of Genoa,
where a circumstance hid lately taken place,
which shewed as•great oppression and baseness on
the one hand, as humiliation and indecisioWon-the
other. It vat 'known that the King of Sardiltia,
though an ancient and legitimate Sovereign, and
'a model of legitimacy he was-----(Laughie
principally of our creation ; he had been expanded
by into such a bulk, as to befalmost ealted our
own. 'We endowed him with Cielloa, and the Con-
gress declared it to be a free port Ile lavvailed on
the Chamber of Commerce, in whiCh the British
merchants had no representative, to make him a
donation to construct a large frigate, and the as-
sessment seas carried over all the British and 'Mal-
tese merchantS. ' These merchants were assessed
in considefablesums each, for what was called a
voluntary contribution. They applied to Mt%
Hill, otir Resident, who told them to go -to' the
Chamber of Commerce and make a eaitiplaint.
They did so, but no answer was given tor three
or four months, and then they sent a soldier, who
was 'quartered on every British merchants and
three francs a-day levied for his pay.. Mr. Hill
said the Chamber of ComMerce could not be
tified, but there was no help for the merchants,
and they had nothing to' do 'bet to submit, as there
was no means of redress. But the Noble Lord
bad consulted the King's:Advocate upon a half-

statetnetit of facts, and no more, and it was made

to appear that the extortion was contributed in
the shape of a tax ; on which the King's Advo-
cate decided that the laws of nations bad not been
violated., Such conduct on the part Of an ally was
an insult to us, and a mere -mOckery of justice.
It was a mockery to. say that the Noble Lord
could'have used no influence, but' sat silent, and
made no representation or attempt to obtain re-
dress. It struck him that this was an act inex-
cusable and shameful on his part. But was
it to be endured. that the British Merchants
were to be thus treated and insulted by such
little petty contemptible Sovereigns, creatures
of our own poliey, - and not to' -he 'pro-
tected ? He next adverted to the preference
shewn at Genoa to 'articles of French mann-
factnre, particularly woollen cloth, which paid
only three or four per cent, white otrs'paid seven;
so that no cloth could he in future exported from
this country to the King of Sarilinia's territories.
He specified numerous other dUtiei to which Bri-
tish commerce was subjected, -and argued that it
was impossible we could expect auk- commercial
facilities from Russia, Austria, or France,•after
we had suffered ourselves to be s'o treated With

impuility by such a little petty King. After sortie
severe animadversions on the propensity of Mi-
nisters for attempting to follow the wilitary Mania
of the Continental Powers, he adverted to the
large armies whicb those Powers 'Were still keep-
ing on toot ; not one of them having attempted
to reduce them since the Peace. From this cir-
cumstance lie and ilred speedy political "shock,
notwithstanding the holy Alliance, of which
Raissia was the fOunder, but who had always had
views of aggrandisement at the expence of Turkey,
and who could'easily—comproniise with Austria,
who seemed to entertain similar views towards
this Power.: proceeded to comment on the
line PE conduct lately pursued with. reOect to
Lucien Buotia-parie. The-course which Tad'been
taken by the Allies he compared with that adopted
by that House on Dycit's"Divorce Bill. The pe-
tition presented by Littien. fora-passport bad been
[timed into an enactment against him; and not
only did they refuse to allow him a passport, but
they also decided against granting him one for his
son, lest this should enable Lucien to cover bis

- ,
designi, and effect his escape to AMetica. • He
y to see the name of the`-Duke of %Vet
laigtori connected with this transaction. Sack,
hoWevee, be mest :Obs4ve, was7the •maeia for
• Mixing up military authority with diplomatic ar-
raugements, that he should not be surprised if he
were shortly to hear that Lord Stewart, the Mi-
nister of this Country at Vienna, was not to act
'4a-diplomatists had been acenstomed to-do, but
on the instructions- which he might receive from
:the Military Commander in Chief. lii answer
to the application of Lucien Buoaaparte for pass-
ports, it had been stated, that the number of
malcontents who had found their way to America
was•so great, that his presence there might be
dangerous. He wished to know what danger
could be rationally apprehended from such a matt
going to America ? What was there to be feat ed
from a man like Lucien Buonaparte, devoted to
literary pursuits and to poetry, who spent his
time in collecting specimens of painting, engrav-
ing, and statuary, and in making researches after
the remains of antiquity near his seat, at tiSeu-
lum ? The conduct pursued in this instance re-
sembled the policy of the Peace of NVestplialia,-
concluded in 1648. He recited the answer given
to the application of Lucien, and the decision
come to by the Allies to remove him further from
the coast, and to assign him some other abode
that' Rome. Was it worthy of the Allies, or of
England, to act such a pact ? After ail theexer-
tions made by this Country, was it well that its
influence should be exhaustad_in this waya--that
it should be. used to remove an individual from
the dominions of an independent Sovereign ? If,
in this enlightened age, a, Convent had been ran-.
sack, (1 in order to draw hoar it a Monk ; it such
a character had been taken flow, his beads and
rosaries, to be made an independent tanVeseigit,'
is should be remembered that we -had been the
means of setting him tip, and had no right to in-
terfere with his authority now. We had,` lioa -
ever, taken upon ourselves to act, where We bad
no occasion to do so, on receiving news that an
iodividnal was about to ptoceed to America,
order to assist the plots of the nr;dcontetas 'who-
were already them Now, firm all that he had
I beard of the peaceable ant! decorolis conduct of
Lecien BuonAparte, both while he was in this
country awl while be was abroad, where his ac-
tions were most sedulously watched, he had reason
to believe that the news which had been receiver!.
concerning him was like that furnished by some
of the agents of the Nubile Lord for the. LiOnie
Department. Such persons, anxious to be enaj
bled. to dispatch a courier with a great or a'
little scrap of paper with a broad seal (fur these
• things were tie luxuries oh such agents), it they
could not discover any mischief, would ehdeavotir
to .to..ke some, He could hot but suspect that the
,sidionlitiate spies, nho had banished the infor-
mation received against Lucien Buonaparte, re-
sembled the Oiivers and others that might be men-
tioned in this country.. He next animadverted on
the mismanagement of the patronage of the fo-
reign officers. He had nothing to say against the
te~o most respectable ofii.ers now. representing
this country iii Austria and Russia, but to appoint
two soldiers to situations like those confided to
them, lie helot to be an abuse of that most deli•
cate branch of patronage. He had talked with
persons of till countries on the subject Of these
appointments; and lie found that at Vienna, and
oilier places, there was but one opinion as to
the fitness of Lord Stewart to fill that situation
which be now held. He honoured the professional
merits of that gallant Officer, but still his appoint-
ment he -had every where found a subject of. regret
with some, and of blame with others; but tleose
who regretted and who blamed it the Most bad
still been ever. ready to do justice to his private
character, and to his military taleois. The ap-
pointment was objectionable, as it caught only 'to
have been given to one who had been- bred up to
the diplomatic line. He hastily noticed the Con--
suls lately appointed, which he contended were
such as reflected no credit on those .with
they originated. It remained tor him fo'Mentitin
the posture of the country, in a constitutional
point of view. He lamented that the hopes which.
had been entertained that the Catholics would be
admitted to a full participation in the blessings of
the Constitution, had ended in bitter disappoint-
ment ; new strength bad been gained (for it was
in vain to attemot to disguise the fact) by bigotry
and misgovernment, and the . means of raising a
new cry of " No Popery" bad been secured.—
On . this occasion he thought could descry,
as entrusted to certain hands (hatuls well
known iota), the repetition of a well known in
trigue. This he was sure, that whatever the design
might be that had been formed, enough-had been
done to damp the hopes of the country. The
question which had been diaeosed of was nOt
merely whether the Catholics should be admitted
to such and such offices front which they had here-
tofore been excluded : it was not whether this or
that branch of patronage should be given to one
particular branch of the community ; but the
question at issue was, whether or not Ireland
sh.ould be well governed ? It was necessary that
the claims of the Catholics should be conceded,
to rescue them from a situation which in some
respects was not superior to that of the Negroes'
in the West Indies.. He did not mean to say that
in colour or in treatment they were the same, but
the comparison which be made was this, that they
were like the slaves in the Colonies, in being dis-
tinguished from their fellow-subjects. The Pro-
testants and
•Catholics could- not consider each
other as brothers and fellow-subjects. In this re-
spect their situation was similar to that, of the
Negroes, but with this difference, that a distinc-
tion was, in the one case, stamped by the hand of
Nature ; in the other, it was created by foolish,
and, be might almost say, by -wicked legislation.
'Till Catholic emancipation shonld be granted, the
people of Ireland would never unite heart in hand
with this country. The present system must
Prove fatal to the finances, and not much less so
-to the liberties of England, as it Made an enor-
mously large standing army necessary to the se-
curity of the -Government. At present the Ca-
tholics were not the only sufferers by the system
pursued by Ministers. It was in this Session of
Parliament that, for the first time since the Revo-
lution, in a period of profound peace, and when
there was no risk of the public safety that could
scare a child, the libertiaa of the people were con*

tided to the Ministers of the Crown, not merely
for a limited period, but " durante Gene placito."
It was important to consider by what hands the
new code was to be used. He would assume the
' Noble Lord opposite to have been wholly igno.
rant at the time of what passed in Ireland in
1798, when the victims of the Government were
taken to the Castle, and thence to the Barracks,
where they were flogged till their bones -appeared
thrtitigrthe'skin,:z-nay, till their flesh was-nearly
cut off from their bones, when gunpowder and •
salt were rubbed into the 'wounds till the most ex.
cruciating torment was endured, and then, with- t
out reprieve, a. new punishment had been inflict.
ed. One man had brought an action, for haVing
been flogged (he shudifered to relate the fact) till
his bowels appeared through his wounds, when an
attempt was made to dispatch him,' by throwing
him into a dungeon for six or seven days, without
affording him any medical assistance: if then such
tortures as these could be iii icted in 'lreland with.*
out coming to tht knowledge -of the Noble-Lord,'
for the avowed purpose of` extorting confession of .
crime, what security could the People of England
'now have, that while he sat in Dowuing.striet
the same enormities would not be, practised its
Cornwall or Yorkshire 2- He illustrated his argu. .
menti by referring to the case of ‘Vright v. Fitz. .
gerald, iu -which the detendant had, avowed that
he tortured those who were apprehended, in order .
Co obtain the truth. Tills 111(111 had been,support.,•
ed on that-occasion. by the son of tie Chief Jus.
tice, Mr. Yelverton, and when he applied for a
bill of indemnity, the application WAS sanoloned
by the Attorney-General, %%h) hoped thC noose
would grant it, with one unanimous voice. He
did not now apprehend that the torture would be
applied. in England, but he .was that niifor•
tunate persons ‘vo•dd bedrAgged from their homes,
'and confined, without having 'deserved such. pa. 1-
iiishment, in solitary dungeons, and it was-that
which he feared cotild..not .b.e gnarded against by.-!:
sigadity of the -Noble Secretary of State
for the Home Derntnient, 11' by that of the.
Right Hon. Gentleman oppusi'e Under these
circumstances, he thought the' House, after paSi-
tug.tlie. Bill for , suspending the Habeas Corpus
Act, pught to do all they could to guard against
the,powers
,e4hich..they had entrusted to Ministers
being abused, by cart y.ing up an Address to the
Throne, praying_that every attention should
paid to those whO might he confined under 'the
Habeas Corpus Suspension Act. He apologiZed
to the HOnse for the length of his speech, as also -7
foi• -that of the Address Mild) he was about -6-o
submit to the-in He then trioved,a very long Ad.
dress, embracing, with little ear'', t y, nearly all the
topics'e-impreirended• in his speech.
.Lord CASTLERFAGU waS sure, alter Zni: speed*
which bad- been made by the Hon. ant Loved,
Gentleman,-that he should be considered entitled _
to some indulgence from the House, while offer-
ing a few remarks on the statements they had
heard. !if deliberation- li.,:td.been the rya: jestof the Hon. Gentlentan, and not inflammation,
the House would see. that he would nut
brought forward such a variety of topics at
when it was impossible, to go into them Tiler
House would feel, that if half the facti'''which
had §t.iited were true, he ought to have tiftived
an ibipeathinent against the parties concerned.-
They Wodliralso observe, that the subjects- whirls, 't
he had now pressed on their attention, he had•not, •
thought* his duty to- bring- before them in the
course of the b'ession,p; but baying written e
•••
pamphlet-during its progress. v./21)1840g ii,c0n0.4,,,
derable quantity of libellous matter, he now,
the last day the House was to 84, came tiowu
make a speech, in illustration of its contents —. •

Knowing what theconduet, and what the mea-
sures, of goveroment had been; be bast reserved'
this attack till the last diy_iif the SESSion; and had
now prefaced an Address, which he'had enov. ed;
wilt. a 144 itiflainniatory s-petelt; 'though; front"
what had been previously said, it Might have beett'
-expected that. he mould hardly have spoken on it
'at -es. Ms object :was understood to be
merely to gi a id Iris sOlenib-prdtest "against ihose
meoures„ which he itinfd_ not approve. It the •
charges' now, made7-tVer not
bringing them forward sooner the lion. Gentle,
man bitd-attandoned his duty. He had, however,
prove:r4o.,co4e-'464.iti with them on the
last day or theessiotY, in 'the hope that taking
Nthisisters by surprise, thetwoUld not be prepare('
to- 'give him an answer on.,every point. He cdulit.
not thank the Hon. and Learned Gentleman for.
the candmir he itisplayeil, ter feel that he was at
all indebted to. him for any*race or favour that'
had been sheivii to him-. -..Knowing the iticlul's
gence of the Molise, -he.slibuld now proceed to
offer such exlilauations on some of the topics
which had been touched upon, as he had it at
present in his piswet to -supply. He felt himself
called upon this,`not on y for the sake of
his own character, and that of those with whoin
he had the honOtittfiracf, :hut it, order to Fol.
tect the character of ParliaMent itself against
those Whose object was to. run it down and
Stroy it ; and among the various attacks which •
had, been made on it, a more illustrious instance
of bOstiliti had not,occurred, than that which it
had been their lot to -wittie;Ss that day. The first
most opprobrious chargecvlach he had preferred
against Parliament was,. that it had been wholly
unmoved by the distress-or the people. Could
this, he would ask, be seriously urgidby any fair,
by any honest -man ? Could it be denied by any.
111811 tilKt Parliament had sincerely devoted it.
self to the consideration Orthe public distress,--.
shewn the_ warmest sympathy in the Sufferings
of the people, arid: exerte&themseites to remedy.
them as far as they •C'Oidd"? He had said Par.
liament had seen a rime when the people were la'.
bottling under atiexampl:6l-distress. The extent
of the calamity he (Lord Castlereagh) would noA
deny. But the Hon. and Liarned Gentleman went
on to say that Parliament had done nothing to ree
lieve the distress of the people, but instead of.doing
this, they had 'taken: from them their liberties..
He would,ti
however, contend that Parliament di
relieve them. The first step which it was neeea-.
nary they should take was to protect them against
those disturbers of their peace, who, -under the
pretext of calling for Reform, were endeavouring
to destroy the Constitution, in the hope of raising
themselves to power, by the destruction, per-
haps, of all that was dearest to the hearts of Eng,
lishmea.—(Fear, bear, beg. !),--The Parliamept

could not to the totion a greater scrv7ce te,an to
rescue it flonithe datigetous desigos stab -men,
What could.afford greater relief, to the honest and
industrious man, than a measure which enabled
him to carry on his business without 'dread of the
dagger of the ruffian, without fear of the attacks
of theamorincipled and the disaffected Parlia-
ment* would have acted the part of a driveller if
it had gone into abstract discussions on the sub-
ject of a- Reform, when it was necessary for them
to protect ale nation•against the projects of those
whose attacks were directed not only against the
character, but against the very existence of Par:.
liatnent: He (Lord Castlereagh) differed from
the lion. and Learned Gentleman on the' subject
of Parliamentary Reform. The changes which
the non. Gentleman wished to make in the Con-
stitution, he (Lord Castlereagh) considered to be
of a revolutionary character.—(Hear, hear!) —He,
for his own part, wished to keep the Constitution
such as it was at present—to ameliorate it where
the inroads of time made revision necessary—
(Hear. hear !)—but, in his opinion, the phins
of
the lion. Gentleman went too far. He (Mr.
Brougham) aimed at that which he (Lord C.) did
tot, and he thought tended to the subversion of
the Constitution. He wished to do that which
would only go to maintain and improve it. He
was of opinion that Parliament had in the present
Session done more than could reasonably have
been expected from them. He wished the state
of public confidence to be looked at. Let this be
judged -of by the conduct of those who were ever
looking to the state of the country for their own
interest. Let this he done, and the increasing
confidence of honest Hod good men in the security
of the nation would he seen, with much satisfac-
tion, to exceed every expectation that could have
been rationally funned. Let the increased value
of propertybe looked at, measured by the funds,
which; at the time Parliament were called toge-
tiler,' had been at 62, and which were now 80; and
a riew subject of gratulation would present itself.
Deep as the distress had been at the commence-
ment of the present Session, he could not but think
that* notch had been accomplished by the practi-
cal relief which had been afforded, and by the
improvement which had taken place in the value
of-property, and consequently ist the situation of
those Whose industry depended on it. Never was
there a Session in which Parliament had dooe more
to valet e he people, and never were the effort's tar
th,tifonrposem oewisely directed to the objects in
vie. titan they had been in this instance. That
wealth which _ we wieht to prize above All,
other riches, the Constitution of the Country, had
been preserVed by the measures resorted to by
Parlianient, He thought none hitt an eticandid
rill 1)e. coidd charge Parliainent with having .neg-
lected the diStresses of the people-. He could
almost challenge the Hon. Gentleman to point out
one subject of the complaint which had not been
taken into-consideration. It was easy-to say taxes
ought to be taken off in order to relieve the peo-
rte., but, neither io the Speech which had first been
/made; nor in the Pamphlet which the Hon. Gen-
tleman had written, had it been shown thitt any
one of the existing duties could with propriety he
repealed. Was it nothing that what was last year
called the permanent.expenditure of the country
bad been materially reduced 2 It was true it loot
hen stoutly denied on that side of the blouse that
the suppliescallcd for in the last year were to be
regarded a 3 the permanent Peace Establishment 3
*fort it had been repeatedly imputed to Ministers,
that such, frOm their system, was its real conduct.
NoW as the Hon. Gentleman had befit pleased
to.assome that he (Lord Castlereagh) was igno-
ratit of those scenes which he had described in
Ireland, lie would for the moment assume that the
lion. and Learned Gentleman bad last year in his
view of this subject been perfectly right. Was it
then nothing, he would ask, that the expend Hire
of the nation hind been reduced to 18,000,0001.;
that was, seven or 800.0001. lower, than it had
been calculated by the mos! rigid critic on the Op-
posite Side, that it could he possibly brought. If
tilt:Committee on the Poor Laws had not been en-
abled to come io any determination on the enact-
ment which it might be proper to propose, would
it be denied (hal they had given much of their time
to the investigation of this most important subject.
lit might further ask, had not a Bill been passed to
sanction an advance of Exchequer Bills, for the
purpose of completing public works now in pro-
gress ; and, in short, he might ask what there
was that had itot been brought under their con-
sideration ? Was it 'lathing that a Committee
had been appointed, on the Reports of which no
fewer than 13 Bills had been brought in for the
abolition and regulation of Sinecures. Such mea-
sures, it had been contended, could alone save
the country, till it was found they were adopted
by Government, and' from that time they bad no-
thing but objections urged from the opposite side,
or seen only empty benches: The people of this
Coitairy-tnight be assnred that it 'was sufficient
for Ministers to adopt the measures suggested by
their opponents, to determine the latter to endea-
vour, by every' means in their power, to deny
them those benefits to which they had before cm-I-
to-Med the country had an undoubted claim. The
Coudtitt 'of the lion. Gentleman in -bringing for-
ward the charges•urged in his speech, on the last
dav of the Session, had proved that his only mo-
tive was a desire to make an lateek on Ministers
at a tithe when they would least
,have ate oppor-
tunity of replying to it. In the early part of the
Session, the course which he had taken*was-some-
what similar. He bad then called for no specific
itulttiry into the general system of our emitmerce,
or into any partienlar branch of if he •had
darie's'o, lie (Lord Castlereagh) could assure 'the
Don. Gentletmin theme would have'been found no
disposition to'resist it on'the part of GovernMent.
He Would hare found them ready to go- into such
as inquiry. and Willing to give the subject all the
consideration in their power. But this he had not
desired. He had attacked the proceedings at Vi-
enna, at Genoa,, and Ragusa, and had -favoured
-then with a learned dissertation 'on the ancient
system of Europe, but had never called fear an
bigenvy. Ile lead moved four abstract Resolutions,
thcfirst of which declared the state of the country'
to be very had, and the last in a sweeping manner
described the present,systent to be the worst. that
could exio, Mid represented that Which hadbeen'
established by those who formerly occupied those"
thrones which were now in the possession of their

Icgi[llilaf e
ter., 'l't►e Hon. bentlenlim of course was
ready with hii. street against legitimacy, and So-
%rereigns who came within that description were
sure to encounter severe criticisms from lath. He
-had applied himself this evening with great
energy to misrepresent the speech of his Right
Hon. Friend. The language imputed to him.,he
had not used. He had never given that character
of this country's commercial policy which he had
been described to have supplied. He had lamented
that the system of other Governments was that of
protections and counter protections, but never
broadly eondewned the policy of the Government
of England, as he had been supposed to have
done. He repeated, bad such been the wish of
the Hon. Gentleman, there was every disposition
on the part of the Ministers to accord hiM as full
an inquiry as lie could desire. With respect to
Ireland, if what had been advanced by the Hon.
and Learned Gentleman were true, he ought long
since to have taken up the subject, by moving a
personal impeachment against the parties. This
was a course which ought to have been pursued
by the Hon. and Learned Gentleman. Instead of
coming forward with black and malignant insinu-
ations, be should have brought forward the mat-
ter in a regular way, and not have come down to
make a speech of a libellous character, to which
it was his hope. Ministers, taken by surprise,
would not be prepared to reply.
Mr. BROUGHAM said, it was very unpleasant for
him to interrupt the Noble Lord in the course of
his observations; but there were some expres-
sions which, for their own dignity, Members of
that House would do well to abstain from using.
Lord CASTLEREAGH defended the line of con-
duct he had taken.

Mr. BENNETT spoke to the point of order.
Mr. CANNING contended his Noble Friend had
a right to repel the attack which had been made
on him as he had done.

Mr. Baouctiara only complained of particular
expressions. He admitted the Noble Lord was
called upon to defend himself if he could.
Lord CASTLEAEAGH said he should always con-
sider such statements as had been made with
repect to transactions in Ireland, to which Gen-
tlemen were very fond of referring, but on which
they had never ventured to raise a single proposi-
tion (hear, hear !), to merit the character which
he had bestowed on-it. It was likely to be most
mischievous in its effects,. and calculated to coun-
tenance traitors to the Government. The Hon.
and Learned. Gentleman had- indulged himself for
half an hour in condemning the Sovereigns of the
Continent as tyrants. Was" it, he would ask, to
be expected that this country could long remain
at peace with other Nations, it such language
were to be held with respect to their Sovereigns
in that House ;-language which if used any where
but within those walk, would subject the party
using it to punishment by the laws-,of• the cowl-
try. The Ministers of the Prioce Regent could
not be responsible for the foreign relations of the
country, if Members conceived they had a right
to hold such a course. Ira answer to what had
been said on the subject of Genoa (of .which he
should have wore to say by and bye), with respect
to the commercial system proper to be adopted,
he would soy, that_ in.his opinion nothing could be
more-onwise than to impose upon any Government
of Europe a commercial policy which we might
think right, hut which they would look upon as
wrong. He could never sanction an attempt to
extend our commerce by such means. The Hon.
and Learned Gentleman, however, though he was
very indignant that this country should use its
influence to protect the settlement made by the
Treaty of Paris, was willing that it should be ex-
erted to favour the views, of British merchants in
opposition to every principle of commercial policy.
He would never consent to put our commerce in
such an odious light as that in which it would be
seen, if the course recommended by the Hon. and
Learned Gentleman was pursued. The ancient
treaties under which particular exemptions were
granted to British subjects, were not among those
which he valued most. The Government might
enforce such treaties while they remained in ex-
istence, but against the general adoption of the
principle of which he must protest, and to such
he could never feel himself authorised to become a
party. That which had been done in forming our
commercial arrangements under the late settle-
ment of Europe, had been done on the ad-
vice of the Law Officers of the Crown, and had.
been in strict conformity with the law of na-
tions: To this course we would still adhere, in-
stead of changing it for that which the Hon.
and Learned Gentleman would recommend. He
would continue to act on those principles by which
his conduct had heretofore beets regulated, instead
of following the Hon. and Learned Gentleman
through. those crooked, despotic, and tyrannical
paths in which he seemed disposed to. tread. He
would especially avoid doing this where weak
' States were concerned ; who, instead of being
thus oppressed, had a right to look tip for succour
and.protection from our magnanimity and justice.
On the subject of SouthAnterica he had to say, that
whenever.a question should be raised on the policy
of this country towards that country, be was con-
vinced the House would be. satisfied that nothing
had been-done for which the Government ought to
reproach themselves. Commerce bad,sustamed no
Minty in that quarter from. the measures that had
been adopted. It was difficult to shew how greater
facilities for the introduction of , British goods
could by possibility be afforded. The tact was,
with respect to South America the country had
nothing to desire. At present some interruptions
occurred owing to the war which now, sturbs
that part of the world, and owing to the absence
of all, settled government, but these were evils
which could not be corrected by
Parliament: With
respect to the Austrian troops now in motion, to
which the Hon. and Learned Gentleman !lad re-
fared, hehad to state that theAuStrian corps d'ar-
mee now on its:march, was, be.believed, on its return
'from Naples, and news would probably very shortly
arrive of its having reached Austria. the Inter-
ference with. Lucien Buonaparte he next justi-
fied, and. sheaved that the part which the Duke of
Wellington had taken was perfectly in conformity
with the provisions of the Treaty of Paris.. The
.Hon. Gentleman bad
,represented Lucien Btiona-
parte (who perhaps had had the honour of his ac-
quaintance) as devoted to literature, the fine arts,

rortr:-. His past sotaltssr., Isaweiser,
psosed to b a danger WIS cildriiSiZr. it sr, ight
be said thats it was through him in a great inea7
sure that 13tionaparte last ascended the Throne.--
He of. opinion, that the negociatnrs at'
Paris would have proved themselves besotted
it they had • put the liberties of the Buonas
parte family in, :competition with the peace.
of Europe, and suffered the members of ;t to
sit wherever they pleased in perfect liberty.
The course which had- been staken was, in his
opinion, most lenient, and if it was thought that
precautions, were now unnecessary, he could assure
the House, though he would not now go into par-
ticulars, that -circumstances had transpired which
proved the contrary. With respect to this family,-
who had made the greatest inroada ever Madeaiptan
the liberties of Europe, the Hon. and Learned
Gentleman objected to any interference to prevent
future plots, while he was for cramming reStrie-'
tions, Of the Most odious character, on those lei
timate Sovereigns, whom he called the petty tyrant,-
of Europe. -Notwithstanding all that he (Nir:
Brougham) had said, he (Lord Castlereagh)
should adhere to his own avowed principles, and
alter his conduct its no respect, for any thiUg that
had fallen from the Hon. and Learned Gentleman.
He then commented on the anxiety of the Hon.
Gentleman to send forth his gloomy views. of
the situation of the Country :before the—Ses-
sion had closed—before the declaratiou• from-
the Throne had been heard: He shewied that
the armaments at present kept up in the se-
veral states of Europe, might be expected to
be reduced as low as the most passionate admirers
of peace establishments could desire, if they
couldlor a time effectually repress that restless
spirit which Still laboured to produce new revo-
lutions. The appointments which the Hon. and
Learned Gentleman had criticised, as having ex—
cluded the diplomatic for the military character,
he then defended, as having been necessary at the
time they were rpade. Had not such person, been
appointed as Ministers from this country, Diplo-
matic Agents must have been accompanied by
General Officers. One must have gone with the
Ambassador to. each Court. This would have
given an increase of patronage, but such an ex-
pedient bad been rejected as inconsistent with
..sound policy. Both the appointments referred to
had led to the most satisfactory results. For the
brothe the foved (Lord Sfewart),thntigh he had not
been bred up in the diplomatic line, yet his good
sense and experience in the army had enabled him to
render his country essential services. The manner
in which he had discharged the duties which de-
volved upon ,him had satisfied, he believed, ail his
Majesty's Ministers ; and he bored they were not
such Unfaithful colleagues as to•conceal front him
any cause for dissatisfaction, if such existed. He
replied to. the observations made on the British
Army now, kept up in France. The circumstance.
of that corpa_ being annexed with the Allies,
was, he believed, most fortunate, and had greatly
tended to conciliate the Fretich people, and to
remove from their minds all idea of conquest or
dominion on the part of this country. He vindi-
cated the recent appOintment of Mr. Reynolds,
and sheaved that be had made atonement for his
former treason ; that . his evidence had been be-
lieved by three Juries ; that t- .e Freedom of
the Guilders' Company in Dubin' had afterwards-
been presented to him by the Corporation of that
City. This bad been given to him as to a person
who bad rendered important services to the State,
since it was on his testimony that the O'Connors:
and other traitors were forced to confess their
crimes, and to implore the mercy of that'Goverri-
meat which-they had plotted to destroy. He cons.
tended that Mr. Reynolds bad served the country
to a very considerable extent. As far. as he had
beard from Lord Chichester, the Honourable
Baronet could have nothing to impute to Mr.
Reynolds for his conduct in business. -Govern-
ment would never have known any thing of
Mr. Reynolds, even after he bad given in-
formation, if be had not been taken up to-
the Castle of Dublin for his anterior inter
course with the traitors. It was then alio
in self-defence he claimed his having revetiled
the conspiracy, and was set at liberty. He was,
at the time of the rebellion, in good circumstances,_
and a man of considerable property. As to. Mr.
Manners, the office to which he bad been ap-
pointed was only one of 2001. a-year, 'and of no-
great political responsibility. Previous to: this
appointment lie knew nothing of Mr. Manners, of
his having been engaged in a literary work, or of
his conduct having been arraigned. All that he.
had done on receiving a recommendation of
was to direct him to call on the Tinder Secre-
tary. of .State, who was to ascertain whether
his manners, abilities, and education, rendered
him fit. for the situation of Consul. The an-
swer was, that Mr. Manners appeared to be a man
of intelligence and education, and he was•conse-
quently appointed. Ignorant at the time of his
being the author of a 1:bel, he (Lord C.) had
since made inquiries, as the fact of an appoiat=
.
nient having been given would not certainly pre-
vent its being recalled, it the individual were found
unworthy. The Learned Gentleman had repre-
sented Mr. Manners to have received the sentence
of the Court for slander. That transaction had
taken place in 1812. At that period Mr.-Manners
was studying the law. A short time after he ap-
plied to the Benchers of LinColn's Inn to be made
a Member of their Society. A question was.then
raised against his admission, on the very same
ground 'as that now -mentioned .by' the Learned
Gentleman, who certainly would not say that if Mr.'
Manners was found worthy to be a Lawyer; he wits;
not fit to he a. Consul.. With all Aisejeainttsy, of
respectable body, the Benchers informed Mr. 14.1
that they could not admit. him .wittioutsprevions;
inquiries. They then called son the person who
had prosecuted him, for a stateMent-of his'strle of
the case, anti on Mr. Manners for,bis,owns.
M. then wrote to the present Attorney-Geher4
for his'opinibn on his conduct as-it stood affect 4
by what had passed in Court.. He (Lord:C.).,hasq
not known till now that Mr. Manneri had evert
libelled Mr. Finnerty,. whom he bad ocaasionstoi
prosecute himself, in the Satirist. But the ans'
swer of the Attorney-General was' most
factory. It stated, that he bad examined, the
case, and that nothing appeared improper in
Mr. Manners' conduct, that be had been,most
unfairly libelled by Mr. Finnerty previous to

taititig• tife Seri tin, • who
hrougni-en actio:: iseermiet • • tits ill
the " Satirist," which -acti the J Aige .and Jury
thought so eirireiy unfounded, that only sixpence
daneig'es were given. In conseq-ien-,. of this
reply, and of their own inquiries, t e Benchers
had informed; Mr Manners, that iHs eb atter
stood justified, before them, -and he hmi been ad-
tnitted.
..••This. was another instance of the •pb-it
too often displayed, On the -other side of the
House, not to sift facts,:but to bring lorw`ard any
-assertion• which
,tnight -.give the triumph of .n day.
The next appointment Complained of vas, that of
a Gentleman to . the,. post of (2011Stli at Genoa,
and it was . objected to chiefly because tie had
been an Officer. He(Lord'Ciihad known that
individual- for twenty years, end, could confi-
'd'entlyseteakto his being a most respectable cha-
racter. He 60 emnended, that because the Mar-
quis -Wellesfey't;- administrationjtail, appointed a
Consul at Buenos Ayres, it .was not incumbent
his Majesiy'SGov.ermuent to send .C.ousuis tut other
parts -of ••South -America , that had \ vela
bent-
selves
_independent. He' would ant follow the -
lion., and Learned Gent leman .into the Catholi:
..Qtrestiou„where- be -,had lost. himself in.cloods.;
liciwever favourable he was to that quest hat,
-.he deprecated the use that had been made of it to-
night.
As-to the -Rebellion in lreland„ Iw.. knew
that he (Lord C.) 'had incurred the ine4iable
.guilt of protecting that branch_ of the tinned Em-
pire against the separation planned and. so nearly•;.
effected' by traitors. ,He had vis.itaessed their en. -
deavours to throW Cal:tinny oti and cha-
racter ; .-but he had meeer felt hem for ..:
those who knew him would neer suspect him to
be of.a cruel temper; to. wish to persecute e‘eii
the -guilty in Ireland, or adopt any measures
but tho4.lvhich wort' calculated for the safety
of the countiy.-L-(tleae, hear cruelties hod
been 'conimittell., and be Jiitl deny that
had, the blood-thns -shed should be on the heads -
of those' who, had prooote-d- t t t rebellion, and
those • who, svithout :joining -the traitors, 'tad not
behaved its they-ought to tohave -done. Toe loyal •
had been the persecuted and not the persecuting. •
They had only:used the aims which
.natnre geive
them to protect their -Ik'es and property. Until
the Martial Lau? Bill had been pasSeo, Govern,
ment had had no: power to protect the loy,J,ny
whom those •enortnities bad only been committed
when they. had rcc:eived no,. protect ion it olu the
Government,. aud Lad taken it.in their. own hands.
It *as ungracious-tobring•such:ehafges, alter so
many years had el spsed, Vnd.when the means of
disproving them • no.--longer exist It was. un-
manly for. Myr-iinis of individuals %eho might- have
been made; to;S,iitier' under:the arm of the lily, but
who had been spared. by the.-clemency of the Go•.
verument, to employ that • impunity in calum-
niating those who had sayed them. After a si-
lence of twenty years on acts,- which, if Alley.
could be .proved, should be made the •ground of
regular impeachment, and when no Atteinpt of the-
kind•had-beewmade,• it was unfair 'that advantage
should be taken of every debate to calumniate
those who had protected the country. It was
also unfair that the Learned' Gentleman should.
bring forward such a motion as the present on the
last day of the Session;•oo.,there had been an
understanding out of doors that he'only inte.inied
- to record his protest without •entering into any
details, and letting it rest. with tis Most-00ns-
name, for- the benefit ofpoSterity:—(Hear, hear !).
Mr. BKOIIOI/01; in explunation,• stated, that
• the --scandalous libel of winch Mr. Manners Int&
, • : • •• -• • ••
been convicted,•and.for whicb,he bad. 'peen con 7.•,
fined,: was not on the-prosecution tat „Firmer—
On that of Mi.:. Hallett, a respectable Ma
.
gistrate in the country.

Si r.F. BUIIDETT Contended, gat the enormities whiChthtt.
Noble Lord had now ztehnowledged to lia've been. committed"
in Ireland bad tfpt been pissed over for' twenty years- it! • si;.
lenci. He remembered that-whilst•they had been-earried on?
a Hiatt
bad been made in this House fu- &elm's
that it was highly illegal, and in-1)41'1)4n, •to.
force Confession- by toil-ore: BR the influence 'of 'the
Mi.nliteft'Of the day bad Irtvaited. ' At any rate, neithet.-
twent y ycais, nor evcin` ftirtf;• shorld be a bar to preferring
an ac:Jsatieni against the, Miniiferrottbe country. •He then,
alluded to
,tliE panegyric passeiPby-the-Nouie Lord on Mr:
Reynolds, Whoie outy.fanit was that lreliad been e•og,g.'ed'ita
rebellion then inveighed against tbe system of Euiploy!-:
sliieS;:-`tniscteal3fs who, issuing from the Secretiiiiy of
Staters-office, excited thate acts aftedi•kin on which Ministers'
built their measures to' destioythe liiiierties'of the country:
A-I;e'st-dtedi that sortie time a person • had herrj sent to
efeeiritigliini to pi.int the !dust inflammatory hand,—
bias, Which were to he sent-10 -a If. Nichols, 99, Black.
fisiars:road. "Thiprinter had e.alfed with a' copy---of thew
at Lars'SidnioUtbrs Office, waitn4 a consider.-
able a perselii liad.come to lima is -inform -ilia) that hit-
Lordship was engaged. But what was its astonishment its
fe.w,days after, yvh-tri Delcupd that-the'person who had spoken
to !link itc-Loit Sidmbuth's Office, was thE very Mr. Nicholi.
-for whoidtlit kills hail been .orelered. He (sir F.) ii6ievell.
thai tio.trra.onriii;ted but what was the W`ari, of Govern.--
Inca itself. Tile Nufile tbrd was the only one who coante-
naneed tFaitn.i".. IJi ought to britfgthern to trial if he wished
tu prove that he wai not-connected ith thein. History
shewed that employing spies was the characteristic of desp i-
i
tic acid tyrahnical "Governments. Had the Noble Lore-been
Nero's Miiii•Sr-er,. at...the• time' if conspniicies, he could not:
have
.uudie ny otheripecch against traitors- than I hat which
fie had dildresked-to.. the House this night. He wished '..io-
verinuent at least to explain what they wanted. Was the
Nation tti be governed by-despotic Acts of Parliament, sup-
by the bay,iliet out of thiors ?-.He instanced • the case
of an individua4—whoSe Petition .for-Pailianientary Reform
was'l3olCtin the, I.able of the House, and who, from reading:
that Petitj,M, to sEveral.otliCr,,, before it was presented, 11;14
been ,seizq,lloatled OTII irons, and confined three months
in Li-it-caster and then liberated., as giii:ty of no 0f....
fence.-- S'iticli.was die 'effect of the power entrusted to
ster4.-•He 6:ay owed allegiance to his King ; lie tiid.itct pro-
le§S iftto-the House i• but .4 the House would have it, let it
say'S'o Vubliely, and riot entrap individuals :into acts whict:
are aftericalals declared

•-• Tire .•VF-1:01IN EY-(4ENERAL defended the conduct of Mc.
Reynolds, Who -bad notacted-as a spy, but as a wan who
of a crime into which he-was engaging, and makes the
fullest, atonement in his. power.- The charges against
had been- made. at the...time for the purpose of invalidating
his evidence; but his veracity. had been established by the
verdict Juries.-- And us= to his being placed on the
Grand Jneylately, Ministers. and their legal advisers had no
thefi to .60-in it OA the Learned Gentleman !theist:lL:. The
-Shtiltrs`oll-ii.er -bad-summoned that Grand Jury, like all
otlieis,;ltorlo return tho-se bills of indictment in particular,
io-altend. the. Court' of King's-- Bench on the regular
'l-insiii-;;s. 'When summoned, .be had endeavoured to• excuse
fhe'groirod-of,liis. having• received the Coraufis-
iiiorbT ConShr, 'but as' he Itad•not . departed immediately-the
xEdsetArartioli-adinittetle.• As'to.•Castles, he.would say, that
tiiii*ithirati'ding'whlstltad taken place, that Ministers would
4033tIllvederrenteir dutyto-the country, if, with the statement
iiftlifit-mailOnct-the'other facts• of- the ease, they bad not
I)4l.7l.iOrt,theltrisoners, Weir atquitted, to-trial. He depre-
Gted•theideethitta-verdiet of acquittal in their case proved
"that-niA•diAlkiiney;existed in'the-country. He then defended
The-iipPilititiiitift of Mr. Manners on the same grounds as Lord
•Castleredgh.-"lfoless it were sliewn that the libel of which he
t;•as..of--such -a•nature as to tap eae -his
tioNrat (a&aeler. addleis•tenduct,as a Gentleman, no blame
dottlVatiffeli liMoveinturnt. for emplOying him. Much had
been said alibitt spies and informers being only used in despo-
tic countries. 'ibis was avery convenient-doctrine for thoza
who were not averse to couspireeies themselves; but let it he