The Sun.
London, England, 1828-07-08 00:00:00

MILITARY WORKS IN THE CANADAS.

Sir H. HARDINGE before he placed the next
Resolution before the House, would call the atten-
tion of the Committee to the nature of the grant
embodied in that Resolution. He would, though it
was not the usual course, begin by reading the Re-
olution.—(The lion. Member then read the Re-
solution for a sum of 30,0004, to be granted for the
military works at Halifax in Nova Scotia, and
Kingston on Lake Ontario, as forming, pat of
330,644/. proposed for the military works in the
Canadas.) This win a most important subject, both
in regard of our National and Colonial policy : and
as the Finance Committee had given no opinion
noon it, by which the House might be enabled to
;We it,;elf to a just decision, the duty devolved
upon Film to explain to the best of his ability the
peen:liar nature of these works. In 1819, the Duke
of Wellington, after his return from France, was ap-
pointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies,
to inquire into the state of the Canadas, and to de-
vise measures for the military defence of these Colo..
vies. The Noble Duke came to a resolution for the
defence of Canada. The communication between
Montreal and Kingston was at all times extremely
difficult, in consequence of the rapids on the St.
LaWrence river. It was accordingly thought ad-
visable to form a canal between these two towns.—
The commercial advantages to result from this were
stated to be great, but as for the military advan-
tages, he could say they would be beyond price. In
1819, the Duke of Wellington sent out a Commit-
tee of Engineers who decided that in addition to
the canal it was also necessary there should be some
fortress in which stores could be deposited.—
There was at present no place but Quebec in which
P. barrel of gunpowder, or a single musket, could be
put in safety. As for the water communication
with Kingston, it was of the greatest possible im-
portance. Kingston was the only fortification on
the lake Ontario; it was the only harbour of safety
for vessels to come into; and the consequence of the
importance of the defence of Kingston was, that
other places also should be defended, and accord-
ingly the instructions of his Grace to the military
officers ttpon the subject were full and clear; that
nothing should be omitted which might be necessary
to the defence of Canada, and the consequence was,
the Connnissioners made their report as full as pos-
sible. They divided the works they recommended
into three classes, of which the first was the most
important, and of which the second and third might
be indefinitely postponed; and when the thing was
brought before Parliament at present, all that was
looked for of the 900,000/. proposed was the sum
necessary for tke defence of Kingston and of
Halifax, which were places of the utmost import-
ance. Kingston was essential to the protection and
commerce (such as it was) upon the lake Ontario.
But he felt he need neither press this nor the point
with respect to Halifax further. The Non. Member
then moved the resolution.

Mr. STANLEY congratulated the Hon. and
Gallant Officer on the very ingenious way in which
he had introduced the grant. He (Sir H. Hardinge)
had presented the small end of the wedge first.
He (Sir H. Hardinge) told them now he only asked
30,000/., but this was only part of 980,0001., and
that of 1,900,000/., exclusive of the half million for
the Rideau Canal. When, therefore, the House
was called on to vote this resolution, was there a
man who did not see they were in fact called on to
vote two millions and a half. He was ashamed, or
rather Government ought to be ashamed, that he
had voted 41,000/. for the Rideau Canal, because
he did so upon a pledge from the Ministers, since
violated. Adverting to Canada, the Hon. Gentle-
man asked, who paid the Commissioners ?
Having. concluded a passage from the evidence of
Lieut.-Colonel Cruze, the whole of which went to
establish the very erroneous character of the estimate
upon which, as the Hon. Gentleman observed, Par-
liament had been in the first instance applied to by
Government for 4.1,000/., as the fourth part of the
total sum to be granted on this, account, he pro-
ceeded to shew that' the total now appeared not less
than 527,0001,r--(Hear.) Was this a season to call
on Parliament to vote such sums for military works
in the Canadas ?—(Hear, hear.) When he (Mr.
Stanley) remembered, that in the late war, the
Canadas did successfully defend themselves against
American invasion—when he knew that the United
States were themselves obliged to depend on their
militia, a force all sufficient for defence, but quite
ineffective for invasion—when he knew the opinion
of the most eminent statesmen in America to be,
that her frontiers were already too large, that they
would not add the Canadas to them on the terms of
the Union, nor even attempt any thing against
those provinces except for the annoyance of Great
Britain, he for one could not participate in the
dread which had been attempted to be excited of
American invasion, nor give his assent to this vote.
—(Hear, hear.)
Sir EDWARD OWEN defended the vote, by
briefly explaining the conduct adopted in the last
American campaign; the 'evils experienced from the
want of some such works, and the deficiencies which
experience has shown it to be necessary to supply in
our lines of communication and defence. In the
late war we lost the command of Lake Erie entirely
from our losing the command of such a line of com-
munication. The greatest objection. seemed to be
taken to the expenses of the Rideau Canal; but if
Hon. Gentlemen would remember that this was a
daily improving country, they must see that in pro-
portion to the expense bestowed upon these com-
munications must be the future emolunreots to be de-
rived from them. (Hear, heard)
Mr. MABERLY objected to the vote.
Mq ROBINSON wished to know whether
_the
voting for the present sum of 30,000/, would ne-
cessarily involve the vote for the whole of what he
must call the unjustifiable expense of more than two
millions and a half.

Mr. STANLEY and Sir H. HA RDINGE mutually ex-
plained.
Mr. STANLEY then asked whether the Right.
Hon. Gentleman did not mean to follow up even-
tually the present vote of 30,0001. by one foi
:47,0001., and whether, moreover, it was not the
Right Hon. Gentleman's own opinion that the de-
fences of the Canadas could not be completed with-
out the grant of the whole sum of three or four
millions.

Sir H. HARDINGE, in reply, admitted the
necessity of making, at a future time, such further
demands as the Hon. Gentleman alluded to, upon
Parliament, for the purposes in question.

:—Mr. ROBINSON declared that the explanations
\Thich he had just heard had been so unsatisfactory
that he must be under the necessity of opposing the
whole vote.—(Cheers from the Opposition.)
Lord J. RUSSELL also opposed the vote, and
horged to contrast the suddenness and hurry with
which a vote of this kind had been brought forward,
evi h the caution manifested by Mr. Pitt, upon oc-
cation of its being proposed at the suggestion of the
_Duke of Richmond when Master-General of the
Ordnance, to fortify Portsmouth and Plymouth
harbours. The first estimate was 500,0001.; the
second 700,0001.; and in consequence of
_this va-

riation between the two, Mr. Pitt thought it neces-
sary to refer the matter to a Committee of General
Officers; Nor was it till they had reported upon the
propriety of the measure that Mr. Pitt ventured to
propose to Parliament the grant of such a sum,
although required for purposes strictly of national
defence, and for military works necessary to the most
unquestionable interests of the empire.
Mr. MAURICE FITZGERALD looked upon
Canada in a commercial as well as a military point
of view ; and in that respect he thought it ought to
be studiously guarded.

Mr. LAIiCiIiCHERE thought the maritime and
commercial greatness of this country dependent upon
our retention of the Canadas.

Mr. BARING thought that the House ought
not to consider the question of money too rigidly, if
.the subject were, as had been stated, one which in-
volved the fate of this country. At the same time
they must not consider that two and a half millions
would be the limit of the expence of these works.
Of this they must be satisfied when they recol-
lected the manner in which buildings, estimated at
150,0004, had swelled to 500,000/. The object
was the retention and defence of the Canadas, and
they ought to inquire whether that particular colony
was one which they were likely to be able to annex
permanently to this country. For his own part he
believed that it was not one of a nature destined to
he permanently attached to any European State.—
(Hear, hear.)—lt should be considered that the Ca-
nadas were not like the West Indies, where there
was a slave population to turn to any purpose which
their owners chose ; • the owners being closely con-
nected with the mother country. They differed,
too, from the East Indies, the Europeans of which
had no temptation to sever from this country. In
Canada there was a people fact increasing in limn-
, berg, with the same habits and feelings of inde-
pendence as ourselves, and whose interests, as they
increased In population and strength, must diverge
from our own.—(l-lear,hear.)—What was the situa-
tion of Canada ? Why, that 90,000 persons of
one province petitioned the King, and the Upper
Province did the same; and their complaints pro-
ceeded, not from disaffection, but ill government.
Those complaints flowed not so much from those
who might, and honestly, wish to import Church
and State there, but from the impossibility of any
Government carrying its peculiar notions into effect
in distant countries. That must be the case, if
from nothing else, from the system of sending out
one Governor, and when he was just acquiring a
knowledge of the people, sending out a new one,
who, of course, had some job to do, or some person
to provide for. That was the natural course of
a Government like ours—(Hear)—for if there
was a desire either to provide for or to get rid of
any member of a family, to the colonies--the gene-
ral refugitint peccatorum—was he sent. Could we
suffer the peculiar notions of the United States, sup-
posing the nature of circumstances changed ; or
could we bear a Governor from Washington, with
all his American prejudices, here ? Let either side
of the case be taken, and if the statements from
Canada were those of factious persons, then the de-
fence of the Colony was, even in military eyes, hope-
less; and if the disposition of the Canadians wai
friendly, we might see what little chance we had of
pleasing them by one phrase they made use of re-
specting their Governor, " that he was alike negli-
gent of the preservation of the public money, and
prodigal in his expenditure of it." On those grounds
he would vote against the present motion, although
he drew a distinction between Halifax, which was
art important station, and the other Colonies, the
retaining of which was a struggle against nature, and
must fail.

Sir G. MURRAY said, an objection had been
taken to the proposal of this grant at so late a period
but that was occasioned by the wish of the Govern-
ment to refer every thing to the Finance Commit-
tee. As to the proposed outlay, it was a mistake to
imagine it a system of which the construction of one
part necessarily implied the effecting of the whole.
Halifax was, totally independent, and the formation
of a safe harbour there was necessary in order to se-
cure a safe station on the coast for our ships, whe-
ther damaged by storm or after an engagement with
an enemy. The expence for Kingston was neces-
sary on the same ground, because we must have a
station on Lake Ontario for the refitting of our
vessels. The canal was an object of great import-
ance, and although alluded to as serviceable to coin-
mereial purposes, it was certainly intended imme-
diately for military purposes. As to economy, he
would merely state, that during the last war the car-
riage of a 24-pound gun from Montreal to Kingston
cost from 1501. to %001. The freight of an anchor,
weighing 17 cwt., from Quebec to Kingston, came to
1971., and two brigs having.been .sent out in frames,
the transport of one of them from Montreal to Kings-
ton cost 30,0001.

Mr. W. HORTON protested against any impu-
tation of disloyalty on the part of the Canadas, and
knew if it transpired there that that House enter-
tained any idea that a wish for separation was enter-
tained by them, these Provinces would repel it with
disdain.

Mr. WARBURTON looked upon this vote of
30,0001. merely as a prelude to the 3,000,0001. men-
tioned by the Finance Committee. He would there.
fore vote against the proposition.
Lord HOWICK also opposed it.

Mr. HUSKISSON observed, it had been well
said during the present discussion, that if the Ca-
nadas were suitably fortified, there would be little
danger of attack from the United States. This
truth derived abundant illustration from the events
of 1812. It was therefore he felt that no measures
cou'd be wiser than those which had for their object
to strengthen the means of defence now possessed
in that colony. The expences of such a contest
were enormous, and the most enlarged economy
would consist in averting an occurrence of that na-
ture, by the establishment of' such forts as would
render aggression hopeless. The transport of troops
to Upper Canada was, in many cases, carried on at
an expellee of one thousand pounds a day. Surely
no undertaking of the nature now proposed could be
considered too costly, if its effect was to save
the necessity of such a ruinous expenditure as he
had then alluded to. It was impossible that we
could, without loss of honour, 'abandon the de-
fence of a loyal people, and deny them that protec-
tion to which their allegiance entitled them, and
yet, if we proposed to resist the aggressions of the
United States, we should, if destitute of fortifica-
tions, incur tenfold expellees. He agreed with
the Honourable Member for Callington, that pos-
sibly, some hundred years hence, the connexion sub-
sisting between this country and the Canadas might
cease ; but the question was, not whether some day
or other they might be in a condition to assert their
independence, but that England should now give up
an immense territory to aggrandize the republic of
the United States. When' the Committee took
into account the vast advantages resulting from the
navigation of the St. Lawrence, and the general
commercial strength and maritime power which the
possession of the Canadas would confer upon the
United States, they must see that the loss of the
Canadas, in circumstances like the present, would
at no distant'period lead :to the loss of the West
Indies. If it could be proved, as it had been as-
serted, that the loss of that Colony would positively
occur at the end of fifty years, lie should neverthe-
less consider the 2,000,0001., which were estimated,
a 3 money well applied, considering the value
and objects of its application. If those provinces
are to be independent, let that great consum-
mation be effected in the manner which it
ought, and not suddenly, violently, and disgrace-
fully. When the Canadas have wealth and po-
pelation to set up for .themselves, let them do
so by all means—let its oppose no unreasonable
barrier—let us profit by past experience—let. us
beware of a contest, whose remote consequences we
are unable to foresee. If separation there mast be,
let England manage that it shall, be effected with as
much advantage to the interests of both parties as
circumstances will permit. Let both countries avail
themselves of their common origin and their common

interests, to cement a friendly intercourse, and esta-
blish a strict alliance, mutually beneficial, and cal-
culated to promote and to perpetuate the indepen-
dence of the New World. He urged these consi-
derations apart from anything of .merely national or
selfish views, apart likewise_ from that which was
greatly subordinate to these—the patronage -con-
nected with those colonies.
Mr. HUME conceived the vote quite prema-
tare, and should give it his decided opposition.
Mr. Secretary PEEL said the Right Hon. Mem-
ber for Callington appeared to him to -have rested
the question on a very fair ground. The Hon.
Gentleman's argument only left the alternative of
voting this sum for the defenee of the Canadas, or
abandoning them altogether. If our colonies con-
tinned loyal to the mother country, and desired to
maintain the connexion that had hitherto subsisted
between her and her dependen.cies, was it creditable to
us, because wd might apprehend future danger, and
dreaded the expense of defending them, to propose
a separation. Here were three important provinces
—taking Newfoundland into account, he might say
four. Were we to say all should be abandoned, or
would we confine the separation to the Canadas ?
If we abandoned a part of our possessions, was there
a chance that the remainder would be able to continue
independent awd separate states? With regard to New
Brunswick and Nova Scotia, there was no pretenee for
separation. What were we to do with Newfoundland ?
If we abandoned the rest could we hope to hold it ?
Were we then prepared at once to abandon all ?
Were we prepared to agree to give up the fisheries
on the coast of Newfoundland, and with them a por-
tion of the sources of our naval superiority ? Nei-
ther as a point of feeling, nor as it affected the Ca-
nadians themselves, and our other colonial subjects,
did he think it poli tic or just in this country to pro-
pose a separation. It should be recollected that,
assisted by the Canadians a few years ago, we had
successfully resisted all the force of the United
States. Was this, he again asked, an unreasonable
grant ? With regard to the expense, the engineers
were desired to suggest every thing that in their
opinion would be necessary for the defence of Ca-
nada. They did so; but it never followed that all
the plans which they suggested were to be adopted.
The Right Hon. Gentleman concluded by observing
that it was because he could not consent to aban-
don our Colonies in the manner proposed, that he
thought the vote consistent with a wise economy.
Mr. BARING said a few words' in explanation.
The House divided, when the numbers appeared,

Ayes
Noes 5l
Majority in favour of the vote -75

On our return to the Gallery we found

Lord HOWICK deprecating the attempt to pro-
ceed further with the votes at that late hour, on the
ground, that although the principle of the grants
was assented to by the issue of the late division,
yet that a great deal of objection might be taken
to many of the details connected with them.
Sir H. HARDINGE said, there had been every
reasonable degree of time allowed for a discussion of
the details. The ►•hole subject was , before the
Finance Committee. three months ago.

Sir H. PARNELL denied that the Finance Com-
mittee had had full information on the subject. It
was only a few days before the Committee's making
its Report that he knew that the navigation in ques-
tion (that of the Rideau canal, we believe) was to
be performed in the manner proposed.
After a few words from. Sir H. HARDINGE, Lord
HOWICK, Mr. BARING, and Mr. HUSKISSON, the
vote was agreed to.
The House then resumed, the Report was brought
up, and ordered to be received to-morrow (this day).
The other Orders of the day were then disposed
of, and the House adjourned at Three o'Clock.

VIENNA, JUNE 25.—The latest accounts
from Cremsier of the 22d, in the evening, say that the disor-
der of the Archduke Rudolph seemed to abate a little, and to
judge by some words that his Imperial Highness has spoken,
some hopes •f a speedy return of the use of his faculties,
and consequent recovery of his health, may be expected.

. .
The cutting of hay is now general in Ross and
in
Moray shires, and has partially commenced the neigh-
bourhood of Inverness. • A more luxuriant crop was never
known. Barley is almost everywhere in the ear, and the
wheats look equally promising.—Edinburgh Courant.
THE BRANCHES n . ESTATE.—The
sale of this Domain has created so much sensation that
we cannot withhold the following extract from GEORGE
MAINS'S' description :—This freehold property com-
prehends one of the finest Estates in England ; to illus-
trate this assertion, it will be required that at least a few• of
its !radios- features should he noticed, and with this' view
' the Residence is fairly entitled to first consideration. It
presents that " great desideratum" which is so rarely to be
attained, one which affords all the accommodation a first-
rate family can desire, and is not so inconveniently large as
to require an establishment beyond the limits of a modetate
expenditure. In fine, without assuming or pretending to
the character of first rank, it may nevertheless cause many
whose superiority is imaginary, to hide their diminished
heads. Tho description which necessarily followS this
recital, it is apprehended, will at once confirm the
praise that has uniformly been urged in faVour of
Branches Park, " That it is one of the best residences on a
limited scale in England." This point being established,
the next that .will naturally suggest itself is the situation,
and of which it is difficult to do justice without encounter-
ing the hazard of too highly colouring this beautiful land-
scape. . It is seated in a finely-timbered Park of about 200
acres, with clumps of trees and stately Oaks, dispersedly
placed and scattered about in pleasing negligence, and there
is a delightful irregularity and inequality in the grounds,
whichadd greatly to the effect ; there is much of hill and
dale, and two sheets of ornamental water. There are some
breaks ingeniously formed in the Park, from which are dis-
tinctly seen the Estates of the Duke of RUTLAND, Lords
Guissean, Wear, &c. The pleasure grounds. which •
environ the mansion are planned in the best taste; it is
'only essential to add, that the genius of " capability
Beown" presided over the disposition of them. They ate
extensive, and the shrubbery walks, of an irregular form,
approximate for nears mile upon the Park ; they are clothed
with a profusion of the most rare and estimable American
and other plants and flowering shrubs, dispensing their
fragrance at every step ; there are beside very extensive
gardens, with lofty brick walls, clothed with the finest fruit,
large Conservatory and Melon ground. The farms con-
nected with this property, although at a distance of only
seven miles from Newmarket, are of a complekion varying
in the soil as much as the two poles. The produce of the park,
without having incurred any extraordinary expenditure,,ex-
ceeds two tore and a half of the finest hay per acre ; and this
quantity, or very near it, may be seen On every farm. The
arable land gives proof " strong as holy writ " of its great
properties ; it need only be added, that the fair average of
this season will be five quarters of wheat and seven and eight
of barley, and the Soil is very congenial to turnips and
beans. Indeed nothing can be more refreshing than At
this moment to witness the immense return which tide
respectable and contented tenantry will receive as the re-
ward of their successful labours. It is now important to
state the other and prominent advantages that pertain
almost exclusively to this tine property, and in doing so,
its contiguity to Newmarket should not be overlooked, in-
asmuch as the neighbourhood is remarkable for the super
riority of its occupants; and to a man of fashion and sport-
ing gentleman, its easy access to this seat of gaiety and
amusement cannot but be appreciated. To a gentleman, of
a:at • metropolis of London. The if he were at a distance of five
more quiet habits,. it need not be remarked, that his retire-
hi nue:, tid will
m bi
lee
gasf rcoom m pl e t
thee gr
this great advantage. A portion'of it
estate is unusually compact. A reference to the plan
,will
the land tax redeemed, and poor
advantages that a good farmer will not fail
aisheewxemmpotrefreovmidentittliyies,
rates very low,
to appreciate duly. The Manors of Branches Hall and
Cowlinge extend over the whole parish of 3067 acres, and
connected with it are the quit rents, rights, and royalties ;
the estate possesses also the tolls of two extensive fairs, and
the great and small tithes of the entire parish. It remains
only to give a summary of the present rental and value,
with this single observation, that the farms are much
underlet, and consequently capable of considerable aug-
mentation. The tenants are highly respectable; and (what
is not an every day occurrence) form a contented tenan-
try. It is therefore believed that enough has been said
to demonstrate this fact, that it presents one of the most
eligible and valuable Investments for Capital that has been
in the Market for many years ;Laud it may be doubted if
(with the solitary exception of .L, ordiOrtstosines Estates)
so fine a Property has been of to public. competition ;
Mader this persuasion, Mr. RoairiS• feels great pleasure in
submitting it to the early and Special attention of the
monied world.

SECOND EDITION.
SUN OFFICE, &yen o'Clock.

THE LONDON GAZETIT

OF THIS EVENING.

Lord Chamberlain's Office, July 8.

Orders for the Court's going into mourning, on Thurs-
diy next, the 10th inst., for his late Royal Highness the
Grand Duke Charles of Saxe Weimar, viz.
The Ladies to wear black silk, fringed or plain linen,
white gloves, necklaces and ear-rings, black or white shoes,
fend tippets.
The Gentlemen to wear black, fall trimmed, fringed or
plain linen, black swords and buckles.
The Court to change the mourning on Sunday next the
13th instant, viz.:—
The Ladies to wear black silk or velvet, coloured rib-
bons, fans and tippets, or plain white, or white and gold,
or white and silver stuffs, with black ribbons.
The Gentlemen to wear black coats, and black or plain
white, or white and gold, or white and silver stuff waist-
coats, full trimmed, coloured swords and buckles.
And on Thursday, the 17th instant, the Court to go
out of mourning.

War-Office, July 7.

4th Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Ensign George Wy-
nell Mayow, from the half-pay, to be Cornet, vice Lau-
rence Charles Rayntun, who exchanges, receiving the
difference. Dated June 26.

32d Foot—Ensign and Adjutant George Oke, to have
the rank of Lieutenant ; John Dillon, Gent. to be Ensign,
by purchase, vice Slake, pi omoted. June 26.
34th Ditto—Thomas Bridge, Gent. to be Ensign, by
purchase, by purchase, vice Hodgson, promoted. June 26.
Royal Staff Corps—%econd Lieutenant William George
Gold, to be First Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Foot,
deceased ; Gentleman Cadet Thomas Moody, from the
Royal Military College, to be Second Lieutenant, vice
Gold. June 26.

UNarrAcuto.—Coronet George Augustus Frederick
Heatheote, from the 6th Dragoon Guards, to be Lieutenant
of Infantry, by puchese. July 8.
ME3fORANDUm.-Lieutenant George Robson, upon
half-pay 62d Foot, has been allowed to dispose of his half-
pay. July 8.

Commission in the Mansfield Troop of Sherwood Rangers,
signed by the Lord-Lieutenant of the County of Not-
tingham.
Thomas Trebeck, Esq. to be Captain. Dated 25th
June, 1528.

Whitehall, June 26

The Lord Chancellor has appointed Charles Kingdon,
of Great Torrington, in the county of Devon, Gent., to be
a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery.
The Lord Ghancellor has also appointed Charles Punt-
frey, of Droitwich, in the county of Worcester, Gent., to
be a Master Extraordinary in the High. Court of Chancery.