The Sun.
London, England, 1844-11-11 00:00:00

2,217 2,!
4,324 3,
1,468 1,
720 '

7,744 7,f
1,862 1,4
15,320 13,1
4,586 3,
16,074 16,1
776 1

4,789 I 3,1
1,134

5,892 I 5;
876

3,123 2,
6,502 5,
9,961 6,
1,177 -
1,975 1,
386
1,487

5,776 4,1
4,500 3,1
310
632
4,743 3,
763
609
197 -
2,326 I,

TRIAL OF GENERAL PRIM.
(From the Castellano.)
After a general preamble, in which the dangers 9f
conspiracy are laid down and the necessity of punish-
ing accomplices enforced, the Procurator-Fiscal thus
states the charges against the accused :
" Don Joaquin Albenez, one of the conspirators, with
the view of tranquillising his conscience, and without
having b en urged to do so by any one, and of his own
proper will, revealed spontaneously to his Excellency
Don Rae on Maria Narvaez, in the two communications
which have just been read to the Council of War, the
horrible conspiracy which was prepared, and which was
ready to break out at Madrid and in the other capital
cities of the kingdom. The assassination of the first
authorities was to be the commencement and signal of
the bloody drama which these monsters sent from hell
were about to execute in sacrificing innumerable victims.
The discovery of arms and ammunition, the declarations,
and everything else, have come to confirm the truth of
the above-mentioned communications. The persons
in arrest .at this moment, in consequence of
this accusation, are to the number of nine, to
'wit, General Don Juan Prim, Don Ventura
Ortega, 1)on Ratnon Sans, and MM. Ferrier,
Maria Fernandez, Montenegro, Garcia, and,ltolia.. It
Jesuits from the insurrections that the first, the Count of
Reus, is the chief who directed the whole conspiracy.
Albenez acknowledged this frankly. Tomas, says in his
declaration that he was solicited by Prim to gain, over the
soldiers of his regiment in order to aid the, . plan.
,The
witnesses Felice and Don Miguel Huguet. confirm this.
There exists, besides, a proof against the accused that he
gage his two carabines in order to execute the assassi-
nation, and to arm the revolutionists. The, proof of this"
is complete. It appears from the declarations of Simon
Gomez, of Manuel Araguas, and of Don Pascal 'Rotas-
sonlieres, that the carabines' belonged to the Count de.
Rens, but for greater certainty we have the declaration
of the Count himself, who recognised them as belonging
to him. This conduct on the part of the Connt '
de Reus has nothing astonishing in 'it,' Ilir when
the judge of the first instance at ;'Rens gave' him
notice that placards had been posted in that 'town
which excited the people' to revolt against the Govern-
ment, the accused answered that the writers of the
placards were in the right. It is proved by the declara-
tion of Huguet, Felipe, and Albenez, that Don Ventura
Ortega, Don Rome) Sans, co=operated in the plan; .of
which the Count de Rena was the chief. Don Miguel
Ferrer, another of the conspirators, denies everything.
He says that he knows neither Montenegro nor Molia.
Yet the soh of this last declares;:- that Ferrer Came to
their house twice on the 24th-of October. Carlos Mar-
tinez, Ferrees.servarit, affirms, that he saw Manuel
Marie entering his master's house. Manuel Marin also
says, that he does know. Ferrer, Molia, Fernandez, and
Montenegro ; and, according to the declaration of this-
'last, they served together in the Municipal Guard. Pen-
salve declares that Nlbriri .was at Molia's house on the
night of. the 24th, which confirms the statement of this
latter person's son. According to the declarations of Al-.
benez Callisti, Fernandez also was in the plot. Nicolas
de la Barrere Montenegro, another conspirator, waited
for Albenez in the place fixed for their meeting. The
Inspector of the Corps of Inspection and Public Secu-
rity heard him make use of a very significant expression'
relative to the carabines. Raphael Garcia says that he
does not know Montenegro, and that he did not go on
the 24th to the house of Molia. Lastly; Miguel Molia,
in his declaration, affirms that he does not know any of
the conspirators, and according to the deposition of his
son, Ferrer, Marin, and others came to his house on the
night of the 24th. The first was also there in the fore-
noon. Joaquin Pensalva, who, lives at the house of
Molia, saw Marin and "Garcia there on the evening of
the 24th. Upon twine.'. confronted with Molia,
the latter acknowledged the truth. Besides this,
Molia threw the carabines into the well, as had been
previously arranged in case of danger, which is
proved also' by the declarations of those employed
in the armouries, that the arms in question were only a
short time in the water. The fiscal declares that he
considers it useless to endeavour to convince the council
of war of a fact of which the proofs are evident • espe-
cially as in military processes it is
.sufficient that the
mempers of the council of war be persuaded, by certain
appearances, of 'the reality of the offence in, order to
inflict capital purlshinent. The offence in the case before,'
us is that of sedition. ' The ordinance on this subjeCt is
explicit, and proneeinces the punishment of death, ac-
cording to article 10. Consequently, and in'conformity
with that article, with the proofs which result from the
instruction, and with the advice of the jurisconsult, Don
Felix Colon, in his work on military tribunals, says that
even on probable and presumptive evidence, capital
punishment may be applied, the fiscal deniands that Don,
Juan Prim, &c., be condemned to be shot, as being.evi-
dently comprised in the above cited article of the ordi-
minces. (Signed) " TOMAS AZNAR.
" Madrid, Nov. 1, 1844."
(From the National.) •
The following account 'or the manner in which
Prim was entrapped, .and of the interrogatories he
underwent before the Procurator-Fiscal, as furnished
by the Madrid correspondent 'of the National. It
maybe necessary to state that this correspondent is
not very scrupulous as to matters of fact, and in
general gives a colouring to statements which does not
add to their credibility :
" MADRID, OCT. 31.—Prim's trial will begin to-morrow
or the day. After, and I cannot describe the interest at.
tachcd to .i 4,. He has chosen for dereeder General
Schelly, vvho,has joined with himself two distinguished
lawyers ; one-of them, Don' Eugenio Moreno Lopez, is
a young man of rare talent, an eloquent speaker, and
one of the ablest jurisconsults in Spain. He distin-
guished himself as deputy to the Cortes in 1843, and he
has accepted' this case with' great warmth. Prim was
denounced and sold by a certain Albenez, not the colonel
of that name, but a simple commandant, very intimate'
with Avarineta, the had- Of the police. • This Albenez
had figured with some ardour amongst the Progressists,
and his opinions, well known, caused him the loss of his
employment. He was then without resources, and his
intimacy with Aviraneta det him to hope that Narvaez
would restore him his command. The superintendent
of the police took care not to lose so good an opportunity.
Prim, since his arrival, did not conceal the thorough
diSgust with which the conduct of the Moderados, to
whom he and his friends had opened the doors of
Spain, inspired him. Ile expressed himself on this
point with an energetic indignation. Narvaez heard .of
it, and was exceedingly angry with the young general.
Aviraneta undertook to ruin him. The Commandant
Albenez was sent to him ; he spoke of conspiracy, an-
nounced that many old officers were ready to take up
arms at the first signal ; be gave names, and offered his
swehr
ivei
hc e
he ghaev oann
dobtained
vc
rnafindeetna c et
hionurgehttu rnt h feo rproper
moment had arrived, he invented the famous trap. The
arrest of Prim, without any external feet having war-
ranted it, would have caused even in the Cortes an un-
favourable 4mpression, but connected with assassination,
it threw over the prisoner a varnish of shame, and, with
the aid of that horror which is always called forth by the
act of an assassin, every excess might be proceeded to.
That is what they expected and what they executed.
e At present, in the opinion of every man of sense, this
83 dark affair is fully exposed ; nobody believes any longer
'72 in the lying in wait and the carabines thrown into a
343
. • well • but Prim is in custody, and the judges who are to
112 try him declare beforehand that he is guilty. It appears
;11 certain, besides, that the accused has disdained all sub-
;l6 terfuge. If I can believe a person whose word can scarcely
'96 be suspected, the following were in substance his re-
is6 plies to the examination which he has undergone :
toe Q. You are accused of conspiring to overthrow
'9O the throne and the laws ?—A. Leave aside the
;6i the throne which I would defend, and the laws which
,I
196 respect. I wanted to overturn nothing but a shameless
)62
6i faction, which is compromising the Queen and violating
ise the Constitution.—Q. You allow that you wanted to
313 overthrow the Government?—A. Yes, without doubt ;
80
ms as long as I have a drop of blood in my veins I shall feel
i 45 myself entitled to conspire against the enemies of my
tat country, against those persons who want to destroy its
49 Constitution, ruin its liberty, and prepare the most
;81
vig dreadful disasters. Q. You must be aware that it is not
;87 allowable for a man to rise against an established
.54 Government ?—A. The Moderados told me the same
332 thing when I took up arms, to my great regret, against
323 the Duke of Victoria. I then feared that the Constitu-
+7o tion would be set aside and violated, and I did not hesitate
3Gt to wage war on the Regent. My conduct is more con-
-2
L 66 sistent at present, for what I then feared the Moderados
74 have realised. They do not allow a trace of that liberty
;21 to remain for which we fought. Yes, I was decided to
79 ' conspire against them ; and, had I sacceeded in over-
-43 turning them, I should at least have' repaired a part of
the mischief I effected in aiding them to return to this
country, which they are ruining and dishonouring.'
Prim did not once contradict this language, and you may
conceiveaccuse
mt h.e r
Thereahs
oiaftn
tee,whi excited m
Ixeai tmpeaprlteya
isdoonngt h
necessary
shtaersyoiste;a who
,
say, He must be shot ;
if Narvaez hesitated, we would go to the Palace, and ask
for Prim's head.' And who. are they who raise the
cries of death? Tho very persons who represented the
condemnation of Diego Leon as a work of blood and
vengeance."

THE BAR.-It appears by an examination of the
records of admission to the bar by the four inns of court
—Lincoln's Inn, the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple,
and Gray's Inn—that at the present time there are no
less than 2,243 membas of the bar. Of this number 7
were called above fifty years since; 17 between forty-five
And fifty years since, 28 from forty to forty-five years
ago, 122 from 1814 up to 1804 ; from 1824 up to 1814
the number is 308. Of those who were called ten

twenty years since there are now 701 members of the
bar ; and of those called during the last ten years there
are no less than 1,100 who appear as members of the bar
at the present time.
The. Duke of Bedford has ordered his tenants to
deal with rabbits as rats, and clear their farms of these
destructive animals, which only go to gamekeepers, who
take care to pursue rabbit poachers, to preserve their
privileges at the cost of the farmer.—Bedford Mercury.
The Official Dog-slayer of New York informs the
public that he and his myrmidons have made away with
3,3.50 of the canine race between the 12th June and the
28th of September.
We hear that the late Countess of Berkeley has
bequeathed the bulk of her property to Earl Berkeley
and Lady. Mary Berkeley, the only unmarried daughter
of the deceased Countess.
RESTORATION AND OPENING OF ST. OLAVE'S
CHURCH —This sacred edifice, which was destroyed by
fire at the burning of Topping's Wharf, in the autumn of
last year, has been entirely restored, and will be opened
for Divine service on the Sabbath morning of the 17th
instant, on which occasion the Rev. Archdeacon Wilber-
force will preach a sermon in behalf of the fund, for de-
fraying the expenses incurred in the repairs.

WEST INDIA MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 8.

The Royal mail steamer Trent, Captain Boxer,
arrived here to-day, at four from Mexico,
llavannah, and Bermuda, bringing thirty-two pas-
sengers. She has on freight 343,177 80-100 silver
dollars, 81,415 75-100. gold dollars, pearls value
2,0001., 28 five franc pieces, 801 b. 11 oz. plata brula,
12 oz. plata labrada, 1161 b. 13 oz. silver bullion,
54th. 69k Castellanos platina, 576 oz. gold, 591 oz.
gold dust. The following are the dates :—Tampico,
Sept. 25; Vera Cruz, Oct. 2 ; Havannah, Oct. 11 ;
Honduras, Sept. 19 ; Jamaica, Oct. 9 ; Carthagena,
Sept. 29 ; Demerara, Oct. 5 ; Trinidad, Oct. 7 ;
Barbadoes, Oct. 9 ; Grenada, Oct. 11; St. Thomas's,
Oct. 16 ; Laguayra, Sept. 30.; Bermuda, Oct. 21,,
where she met the Royal mail steamer Medway, with
the mails from St. Thomas's and the West Indies.
During her stay in the Gulf of Mexico the Trent
experienced .very severe weather, and was obliged to
leave Tampico without being able to ship the treasure,
amounting to 1,721467 dolls., 80,000 dolls. of which
was on account of the Mexican dividends, which
.was all brought to the Bar. The Trent remained off
the Bar till the 29th of September,. in the hope of
the Bar becoming passable, but as the weather
continued bad, she was obliged to leave, and continue
her route. At Vera Cruz all the treasure was ship-
ped on the 2d of Oetober, during a heavy norther,
with the exception of 130,000 dolls, oe account of the
Mexican dividends, which the Administration would
not run the risk of embarking under such circum-
statibes;

Santa Anna was at his farm near Vera Cruz, and
waA increasing the number of his troops, with a view
to compel the Senate to comply with his views, He
was about to marry again into a family at Vera
Cruz, his first wife having been dead about a month.
The trial of Mr. Bagot, at Damerara, had termi-
nated by his being found guilty.
HURRICANE AT HAVANNAH.
The island of Cuba was, on the 2d of October,
visited with a most terrific hurricane, which conti-
nued, however, only a few hours, passing over without
doing much damage from that time until the morning
of the 4th..
On the morning of the 4th it .commenced raining,
and continued so during the day. The wind at first
blew right from N.E., veering afterwards to E. ; and
at dusk it became a calm. At this time the thermo-
meter was at 19 of Raumur. It began to blow at
eight r.sf., and also rained. At nine and ten P.M.
the wind blew a hurricane, and increased during the
.whole night, with occasional flashes of lightning, ac-
companied with great destruction of property in the
city of Havannah.
The principal damage to the houses was sustained
in the suburbs, but scarcely a house escaped without
injury. •

POLITIC AL ECONOMY.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
was surprised yesterday to see your de-
precatory remarks on the science of political economy.
It is just now the fashion (and obviously for the in-
terest of many) to run down that science, and I am
sorry that,any remarks of yours should seem to sanc-
tion an erroneous prejudice. It is my strong convic-,
tion that a due regard: to the maxims of enlightened
political economy would be infinitely more beneficial
than the best-intentioned philanthropy, if misguided,
and the violation of them proportionally injurious. It
seemed to me particularly •unfair in you to say that
the maxims of political economy had been acted on
since Mr. Hnskisson's time, and then to ask what
good they had done. They have been only very par-
tially acted on during that period. What is our whole
system of protective duties, for example, but one con-
tinued and flagrant violation of the plainest principles
of political economy ? Political economy must be
tried before it can fairly be pronounced wanting. If
your meaning is, that the enunciation of scientific
principles has of itself no power to move men, and
that their sympathies and emotions must be appealed
to before they will actively exert themselves, I can
understand your position ; though surely, with all
rational and, reflecting men, the clear demonstration
of principles should be sufficient to decide their con-
duct:" :Let the higher motives, and the pure and
generous affections by all means be cultivated as the
impulse both of private and of public conduct; but to
throw aside political economy, because it only points
out how to do 'good and avoid evil, 'without more
directly appealing to the sympathies, is simply to
substitute blind impulse for enlightened benevolence.
Nor does it appear in practice that the study and ad-
vocacy of political economy imply want of good feeling
in its promoters. Where shall we look for better
feeling, a more generous and earnest desire for the
good of 'the oppressed classes, than in the leading
members of that great school and ally of political eco-
nomy—the Anti-Corn-law League? My own belief
is, that the agitation of the great' cause which the
League has taken up has given ttidimpulse to all the
benevolent feeling and expression which happily cha-
racterise the present age. Why should a just and
clear perception of the means of doing good be unfa-
vourable to the existence and operation of a benevo-
lent intent ? Combine the maxims of political eco-
nomy with as much Christian, feeling as you please,
but, in matters of legislation, do not deprive the latter
of the inestimable guidance of the former. Ignorant
legislation, even with the best intentions, has done; is
doing, and may do enormous mischief, such as to
mock, perplex, and paralyse the most zealous coun-
teracting exertions of private charity and generosity.
There are always those, too, who have interests of
their own to 'serve in bad legislation, and who are
ready enough to throw Christian benevolence on a
wrong scent by directing it to fruitless fields, and
deprecating the " cold, heartless maxims," in the vio-
lation of Which they find their own wasteful gain, to
the injury and misery of millions. Political economy
condemns war, slavery, monopoly, excessive and insi-
dious taxation. What an immense amount of
bloodshed, wickedness, wretchedness, poverty,
scarcity of employment, with all their incidental and
concomitant evils, would have been spared, had poli-
tical economy been sooner understood and really acted
upon! We are taught to believe that by a higher
power all evils are in some way made subservient to
good, but we are taught also to "overcome evil with
good." The evils arising from the neglect of political
economy are among the mysteries of Providence, and
one good result of them should surely be to teach us
mpressivelyLiverpoior,
f yours those Nov. 8, 4
r truths
erespectfully,
18ec4.
ot fplrac tical Wisdom from the
ignorance or transgression of which they have arisen.
s I am,J. It

THE EFFECT S OF CHEAP FOOD
UPON THE- WORKING CLASSES.
(From the Struggle.)
When a family is poor, all the females are obliged
to work to secure food, before they think of anything
else ; some to the winding frames, some to shoe-bind-
ing, or any other employment. But when they be-
come well off; that is, when they have sufficient to
pay for food, rent, fire, and their every day necessa-
ries, how do you find the females then employed?
In " needle work," which means something connected
with fine clothing and fashionable array, or in draw-
ing, music, &c.; so that when it is not requisite to
work for necessaries, they employ their time in pro-
curing luxuries. It is just the same with a nation.
In proportion to the amount of labour requisite for
procuring requisites, is that which remains for luxu-
ries. The fewer hands that can find the country '
with food, and the more remain to provide luxuries.
Hence we see what an advantage it would be
to get our food by exchanging as far as possible the
proceeds of our machinery for it. In this country,
with industry and sobriety, there ought to be no lack
of food; the only strife should be as to the extent of
enjoyments in the 'shape of comforts and luxuries.
Suppose, for instance, all our food for the next year
came without ploughing, or sowing, or reaping, some
would think it would be a sad affair for all the la-
bourers. But the effect would be, that being secured
of the first necessary of life, all the labour in the
country would then be turned to building better
houses, making better roads, cutting railways, making
parks, providing superior clothing, and richer furni-
ture. Some would be employed in one way, some in
another, and each exchanging the productions of his
labour with others, every class would get a greater
proportion. One thing is certain to a country which
has plenty of food, that the people need not be ex-
posed to excessive labour; but if, like Englishmen,
they will work, they are then sure, with cheap food,
to get a greater amount of luxuries. Continued cheap
food would soon lead to short time ; and it would soon
give the working- classes better houses, and better
furniture, and a greater command over all the enjoy-
ments of life. It is the pivot upon which all other
enjoyments turn.

DROiCHEDA ♦ND KELI4 RAILWAY.-At a most in-
fluential public meeting held last week at Kells, a unani-
mous vote of support was passed to the proposed Drog-
heda and Kells line,' in connexion with the Dublin and
Drogheda Railway. Mr. Eckersley, the able manager
of the latter Company, explained that the capital had all
been subscribed, and expressed an opinion that the Act
would be obtained without difficulty, in which case the
works could be completed within two years.—Railway
Record.

DEATH OF THE DEAN OF LIMERICH.—This vene-
rable ecclesiastic, who has been long in a declining state
of health, died on Sunday last, tti'the 85th year of his
age, at his residence near Rathangan, county of Kildare.
The Very Rev. Arthur John Preston, when Dean of
Kildare, was promoted to the deanery of Limerick, and
instituted at the Cathedral on the 17th of August, 1809,
in room of the Hon. and Very Rev. Maurice Crosbie,
his predecessor.
The Duke of Portland, who, we are glad to find,
is improving in health, has granted about thirty acres of
land in the parish of Hucknall for cottage-garden allot-
' ments. More than 300 applications have been made for
these allotments, and it is expected that the majority of
the applicants will be accommodated with a garden next
spring. _ _