The Sun.
London, England, 1845-03-29 00:00:00

BANK OF ENGLAND.

(From Friday Night's Ga,zette.)
An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth of Victoria,
cap. 32, for the Week ending on Saturday, the 22d day of
March, 1845.

ISSUE DEPARTMENT.
£.
Notes issued . 29,213,555 Government debt 11,015,100
Other securities ' 2,984,900
Gold coin and bul-
lion 13,177,881
Silver bullion 2,035,724

£29,213,555

£29,213,555
:ARSIIALL, Chief Cashier.
,1845.

Dated the 27th day of Marc:

BANKING DI
Proprietors' capital 14,553,000
Rest
Public deposits (in-
cluding Exche-
quer, Savings-
banks, Commis-
sioners of Nat ional
Debt, and divi-

PARTNENT.

Government seen-
cities (including
Dead Weight
Annuity)
Other sreurities 12,535,169
Not
Gold and silver

coin 786,869

dend accounts) 6,890,121
Other deposits 10,452,425
Seven day and other
bills

£36,469,622

M. MAI
Dated the 27th day of March

£36,469,622
ISHALL, Chief Cashier.
t, 1845.

DISCOVERY OF A NEW ISLAND
IN THE SOUTH SEA.
Captain B.F. Simmons informs us of the discovery
of an island not laid down on any chart hitherto pub-
lished, a knowledge of which may be of importance
to navigators as well as others. Captain Simmons
was on his way from Sydney to Valparaiso, and, after..
leaving Otaheite, first saw it on the 31st of Octo-
ber, 1843. seen from the deck of the vessel, the
island had the appearance of a mass of rocks, but a
nearer approach showed it to be an island covered
with cocoanut trees with thick underbrush. When
convinced that it was an island, Captain Simmons
supposed that it might be one already known, and at
first mistook it for Carisfort. To be sure, however,
he lowered his boat and attempted to land, but was
prevented by a reef of black coral rocks, with heavy
breakers, which surrounded the island. He went
completely round it, however, and found it to be about
six miles in circumference. At a short distance from
it he found no soundings in sixty fathoms of water.
After examining it for two or three hours. as
thoroughly as he deemed necessary he steered for
Carisfort; according to his reckoning he made it in
the course of a few hours, and passed to the south of
it. A large lagoon was in the middle of the island,
which seemed to be rich and fertile. On reaching
Valparaiso, where he remained for some months, he
waited upon the commander of the British squadron,
and informed him of the discovery. He examined
the most recent English charts, but no indication of
such an island was to be found. It is situated in the
track from Otaheite to Valparaiso, in lat. 21 deg. and
10 min., and west lon. 138 deg. 54 min. He named
it the " Isle of Faith," from his vessel.—New York
Courier.

DALRY. - DREADFUL CASUALTY.-TWENTYWINO
COWS BURNED TO DEATH.-It is with feelings of deep
regret that we have to mention a very unfortunate
casullty, which took place in this neighbourhood on
Tuesday the 18th inst., about nice o'clock. During the
foddering of the cattle, at the farm of Auldmuir, in this
parish, it is supposed that a candle, used on the occasion,
had come in contact with some loose straw, when the
byre, containing thirty:two cows, was instantly ignited,
and in a short time entirely consumed. Twenty-nine o
the cattle, a goat, and a number of hens perished. The
farm is rented by a Mr. Hugh Archibald. We are
sorry to say it is supposed that the stock is not insured
against fire. The number of cattle destroyed may seen*
excessive, but the bewilderment occasioned amongst
animals by fire renders it nearly impossible in such cases
to rescue them from the flames.--21yr Observer.
GAME-LAWS.-A very important display of the
feelings with which the tenant-farmers "regard the exist-
ing game-laws took place on Wednesday at St. Alban's,.
A numerous assembly of the tenant-farmers of Hertford-
shire was held for the purpose of entertaining Mr. J.
Horncastle, of Gammon's Farm, at a public dinner, atd
presenting him with a testimonial of the admiration with
which they regard the independent and truly English
spirit in which he expressed his opposition to the very
stringent preservation of game within the last few years
adopted by his landlord, the Earl of Essex, on his eatates
in Hertfordshire. The feeling of opposition to the game.
laws which was evinced by the farmers present waa
the strongest and most decided character. They see
clearly that their interests are in this matter not Buffs-
eiently attended to ; and they are beginning to feel that;
in other matters which affect their prosperity it is ne-
cessary for them to look for themselves. Mr. Bright,
M.P. for Durham, attended by invitation of the cons—
mittee, and was loudly cheered on his entrance, Abont
120 sat down to dinner in tile Town-hall, Mr. C. H. La.
timore is eh~ir*

TRADES' DELEGATES CON-
FERENCE.

The delegates from the united trades of the country
met yesterday, at half-past nine, at the Parthenium
Room, St. Martin's•lane ; T. S. Duncombe, Esq., in the

chair.

LeVers were read from Worcester, Birkenhead, and
Edinburgh, expressing their concurrence in the objects
of the conference and their determination to support
those objects.
Mr. FraTH, delegate from the plasterers of London,
moved that the names of delegates on each division be
published.
Mr. Fix:uric was of opinion that it would answer no
useful purpose to publish the names of delegates voting
on all occasions. Such a course might be useful on
certain occasions, but not indiscriminately.
Mr. FIRTH, seeing the sense of the meeting against
his motion, withdrew it.
Mr. WHITE proposed that the names of the delegates
who voted on the fourth resolution (yesterday) be
printed and entered on the minutes.
The motion was seconded, put, end carried.
The CHAIRMAN said the next point the delegates had
to coi Sider was whether-
6. The Central Committee should be instructed to
carefully prepare a constitution for concentrating the
energies, legalising the proceedings, and giving practical
eft*, ct to the growing desire for location in the land, and
other measures for the profitable employment of the
fund; of such unions as might be desirous of thus
using them. _ _ _

Mr. FLEMINC, in supporting the resolution, said that
he thought it would be much better, in the present state
of public opinion, to avoid consolidation, and mako the
Committee a medium for collecting useful information,
and upon that information to prepare the best constitu-
tion they could for the support of the trades, and then
to put that constitution in practice.
Mr. l'AsQuit. (miners) moved an amendment to leave
out the words after the words " desire for,"; and to
insert the words, " and, therefore, giving practical effect
to the growing desire for a general trades' union."
After some discussion the amendment was withdrawn.

Mr. GE >EGE WHITE then proposed a second amend-
ment, " That the consideration of the Gth resolution b 3
postponed ; and that a Committee of seven persons
be appointed to collect the views of the delegates
present en the Gth paragraph, for the purpose of founding
a resolution thereon, so that the opinion of the Conference
be c3ndensed, and placed before the country."
Thq CHAIRMAN put the amendment, which was
negatived

()a the original resolution being put,
Mr. TAYLOR moved an amendment, which was subse-
coently witharttwn.
Mr. DUNNING then moved an amendment to the same
ffect, Lut

The CHAIRMAN said it would be unfair to receive that
amendment after the other delegates had withdrawn
theirs, especially after guarantee had been given that the
:subject would be fully discussed in another stage of the
proceedings.
Mr. DUNNING would not withdraw his amendment.
The question was put from the chair, whether an op-
portunity would be given to that delegation to discuss
the question, and it was decided by the Conference that
the subject was introduced prematurely, and should not
therefore be discussed.
Mr. Pnroa was sorry and astonished that the dele-
gates should so long delay the discussion of the real
question for their consideration. He believed the best
.effects would be produced from different trades forming
themsebil s into unions to protect themselves. He be-
liev:_d that labour might be created if there was
only a proper understanding among the trades, and that
would create the means of consumption, which was the
great object they had in view.
The CHAIRMAN suggested that the word " plan"
Should be substituted for " constitution."
The resolution was put in the amended form and
carried.
Mr. Wanaz begged that, as the delegates from the
country were put to much trouble, and to considerable
expense, by a residence in town, that the addresses of
members of the Conference should be as brief and as
mu,l to the point as possible. Too much time
sad been wasted by delegates listening " to their own
sweet voices," and he trusted that, for the future,
eloquence would be discarded, and business attended to.
There were no less than thirty-f air of the London dele-
gates absent that morning, and that certainly furnished
but little encouragement for the country delegates to re-
main in town.
Mr. \Vet-ITE, in order that the Central Committee
might be in possession of the opinion of all the delegates,
would make the following motion :—" That it be an in-
struction to the Central Committee to recommend the
trades to adopt the principle of endeavouring to become
proprietors of their own labour, by forming local
societies for that purpose, on rules to be here-
after placed before them, a portion of which
rules for the establishment of stores for the benefit of
the members, and manufactories for their employ, thus
enabling them to apply the profits arising from their
labour and the stores above-mentioned to the rental or
purchase of land for the use of the members of such trade."
He felt confident that the trades of England if they
wanted to raise themselves from the slavish position
they occupied, they might do so—(Cheers)—and they
might depend ul.on it if they made the attempt
they would occupy next year a very different
position to what they did at present.—(Cheers.) What,
be would ask, was the position of the working-classes
now ? Why, nothing but machines, for the benefit of
others—(Cheers)—who had capital while they had not.—
(Cheers.) If they all joined together they would have capi-
tat to preserve themselves from being cheated by others.
He wished the delegates, before they separated, to give
a pledge to each other to support one another, and thus
prevent them from being the slaves of the profit-
makers.—(Cheers.)
Mr. SKELTON, in seconding the resolution, adverted to
the incompleteness of trades' unions for the purpose of
protecting the labourer, because machinery was brought
to such a state of excellence, that half the labourers
were unemployed. The delegate went into a number of
statistical details to show that while manufactures
had iucreased wages had diminished ; and he argued
that strikes had only wasted the strength of the work-
men, without in the least degree improving their con-
dition.

Mr. EVANS said that some hundreds of years ago the
working man could command any price for his labour,
and there %%ere enactments upon the statute-book limit-
ing the remuneration for that labour, but now there was
a power in this country created by machinery equalling
in amount that of 600,000,000 persons, while it
was well known that the three kingdoms only comprised
a population of 30,000,000. With this extraordinary
po;ver to compete with, it was no wonder that the
•working man was obliged to succumb. What was
'the remedy ? He would point out as the first, and
of most importance, that of emigration. There
were lands in America , to be purchased at a
very low calculation—why should the trades of England
•not invest some capital of their own in this species of
.property ? They might also obtain land in Venezuela
without any sinking of capital, because the ruling powers
there wished to people their land. There was at present
only a population of some one million there, while the
,surface was three times that of this country. The
speaker compared the fertility of the American soil with
that of Eagl ind, and eulogised the former, as returning
Sits riches without any labour on the part of the husband-
•men. There they had also to pay scarcely any taxes,
'while in England they were charged at least 10s. an
acre. He trusted that the Conference would come to
some decision in this matter before it finished its delibe-
,rations ; and when they became possessed of
some 12,000 acres of land, which he hoped
would be before the year was out, they would
be enabled to set the power of the employers at defiance,
- and instead of as heretofore the workers returning to
-their labour, after the funds had been exhausted which
-had supported their strikes, they would be enabled to
:withdraw the workers altogether, to plant them upon
those lands, and so to neutralise the influence possessed
-by the capitalists of the country.
Mr. IlawxnuasT, of Sheffield, said the present propo-
asition was that which his trade had directed him to sup-
port. That which prevented con-umption in their line
`of birsiness was the exorbitant prices the seller demanded
'for the work of the artisan. He discarded the prin-
•ciple as unwise of buying in the cheapest and
',selling in the dearest market. He most cordially
'supported the proposition. All they wanted was better
remuneration for their labour. The cutlers of Sheffield
'.had been prevented from going into the American market
in consequence of the spurious articles that were con.
•tinually being brought into the market and represented
*as being manufactured in Sheffield. The operative
cutlers of that place, with the determination of patting
'a stop to this, had adopted the plan of stamping their
work with the words " Sheffield Operative Cutlers'
Company."
' After sione further discussion, the Conference ad-
journed till two o'clock.
The Conference resumed at Two o'clock.
The resolution, or recommendation rather, was then
put to the meeting and carried.
MT. DuNcomac (in reft-renee to a very thin meeting)
;said.. that he was puactual, and he trusted the delegateF,
'would be also). As it was, he should certainly go on
with the business before them.

Mr..RonsoN then proposed that it be an instruction to
the Committee to recommend to the trades—first, the
payment of a weekly sum, as may suit the circum-
atan.;e3 of each trade, to be used for the purpose of en-
'ailing such tn ember to become possessed of land sufficient
to raise him from the fear of poverty, under which the
working classes now labour; and for the better elucidation
of the, principle, the following recommendation be put
forth to show the capability of the trades to emancipate
thetnielves from their present thraldom: when the funds
amonet to 15/. per member, they can be so applied as to
carry out the proposition, the details of which can be
iplaca.l at the service of the Central Committee.
Sew: wtera seconded the resolution.
Ir. SLIZIMARD advocated the principle of. home
colonization, as tending to. improve the condition of the
'working classes by providing for the surplus labourers.
Mr. FLEMING was desirous before entering on this
subject of hearing the prevailing ()pinions of the dele-
gates, for though nominally the representative of a sec-
tion favouring the idea of home colonization, he was yet
virtually the medium through which a large body of
men associated into a society five and a half
years ago to carry practically
.into effect these prin.
ciples—a body of men who had purchased their 1,200
or 1,300 acres—a body of men who could look out on
their own vales, and woods, and hills—who could hear
the lowing of their own cattle, the bleating of their owu
sheep, and see the smoke of their chimneys curling
from their own homes—he was the medium through
which these men made known their principles. That
association was formed in consequence of a strike among
the hatters of Sheffield, Manchester, Ashton, Stockport,
Oldham, and other places, in ' the year 1841.
They found that a strike did not answer
the purpose it was intended fur, and they

therefore associated for the purpose of investing their
own capital in the purchase of land. There were only
150 members at 5/. eaeh, giving a working fund of about
700/. ; but with this limited fund they were enabled to
afford work to their distressed fellow-workmen, and
to pay them full wages for their labour.—(Cheers.) He
objected to Mr. Robson's motion, because it entered into
details, which they were not able profitably then to settle.
The CHAIRMAN having put the resolution,
Mr. WHITE rose to support it. He believed that it
could be carried practically into effect, notwithstanding
the statement of Mr. Fleming. He thought the adop-
tion of it would make the working classes independent
of their employers, and if it could be carried
out, he was certain it would be productive of the
best effects. He objected to the subject being referred
to a Central Committee. He thought that the Con-
ference, and the Conference itself, should act in the
matter. As he was convinced that the trades would not
adopt the proceedings of the Committee, he trusted the
public would be made acquainted with the fact, that they
were determined not to be put off so easily as the
farm labourers had been.--(Cheers.) He thought it
was the bounden duty of the Conference to agree to the
proposition of Mr. Robson.—(Cheers.) He thought
they ought to come to some practical agreement,
and that that should be published over the
whole country. lie was sure that Mr. Fleming
must know that there were prejudices in the trade that
they would have a great difficulty to get over. He went
along with him in a great portion of all that he had said,
but what he required was, that the Conference should
itself do something definite, and not refer anything to a
Committee. He concluded by supporting the proposition
of Mr. Robson.

The CHAIRMAN put the previous question, which was
negatived by a majority of 12.
Mr. FLEMING proposed the following resolution :
" That the Central Committee be instructed to prepare a
plan for the systematic organisation of the trades
throughout the country, for a better regulation of
trades' matter 3 and trades' strikes in all the
societies that may unite in this Association, and
that the suggestion of th 2 Chairman of the Confer-
ence on this subject be taken into especial consideration
in the preparation of such a plan." These suggestions are
as follow :—That the body shall be legally constituted,
with powers vested in its members to hear all matters
connected with trade business, and all cases where the rights
of any one trade are threatened or invaded, that that
trade—if a strike be sanctioned by the governing body—
thall be sustained, upheld, and supported during the
struggle, however long it shall continue. The terms to
be submitted to, and agreed upon, by a majority of the
Executive of the Association for the time being.
In the formation of such a body, local machinery must
be taken into consideration ; that is, suppose a strike
takes place at Sheffield, or at Manchester, sanctioned
by the ruling body, in such case the Executive should
put themselves in communication with the local
delegates of that trade appointed by their body,
who will become honorary members for the- t me being
of the goneral body ; and, if necessa-y, there must be
appointed one or more as commissioners from the per-
manent executive, to repair to the spot where the strike
takes place, there to instruct themselves upon,
and inform the executive of all matters connected
with the movements, and in such cases any excitement
necessary to sustain the strike should be transferred
from the place where it occurs to the metropolis, where
the governing body should hold its permanent sittings.
Mr. DUNNING seconded the resolution.

Mr. WHITE thought it would be well to have a com-
mittee that evening to agree on the general principles on
which they should act. His idea was that they came
there to act and not to speak.
The resolution was, after some discussion, put and
carried.

The 7th and last resolution was then put and carried
unanimously:—" It is recommended that, at least, an
annual conference should be held to review the proceed-
ings of the Central Committee, and to devise such mea-
sures as shall best promote the great objects of the Asso-
ciation."

Mr. WHITE proposed " Thit a Committee of seven
should be appointed to draw up an outline of a plan of
organisation, and receive the opinions of the delegates
on the matter, in order to establish an understanding as
to the terms on which they agree to co-operate.
The proposition was seconded.
Mr. BLACKIIURST moved an amendment to the effect
that as the del:gates were not prepared to submit plans
to the committee, the proposition be negatived.
Mr. FLEMING supported the amendment.
The motion was put, when there appeared—
For it , 32
Against it
Mjurity

-15

Mr. WHITE then moved that Mr. Robson, Mr.
Blackhurst, Mr. Evans, Mr. Christopher, Mr. Bush, Mr.
llnmphreys, and himself should form the committee.
Mr. IhwiciNs moved that the annual Conference be a
moving one, holding its sittings in the large towns al-
ternately. The motion was seconded by Mr. Evans,
and carried unanimously.
The Conference then adjourned till this day.