The Sun.
London, England, 1821-02-20 00:00:00

elusion of the Treaty of Alliance at
pule in 1818 ; and subsequently in certain dis-
cussions which took place in the course of the last
year." There was another striking exemplifi-
cation of the soundness of that system, and of the
harmony w hich prevailed amongst that confederacy
by which the peace of Europe was to be _main-
tained. After so many negociations, conferences,
congresses, notes, representations, and explicit
declarations, by the Noble Secretary of State,
the whole had come to this, that .in December,
1920, the' Allies put one construction upon the
treaties-which hatb-been concluded, and we an-
other ! Notwithstanding those most explicit
declarations, they declared their understanding to
be such as to infer the assent of Great Britain to
t heir measures. What could have more strongly
exemplified •the want of harmony between the
Members of that Confederacy ? lie had now
come to that part of the paper which explained,
but not in the• clearest manner, the-cases of ex-
ception, in which, in consequence of a change in
the government of a nation, other States were
considered to have a right to interfere. The
whole closed by an admission that Naples came
within those exceptions, so far as this, that they
would not prejudge the conduct of the Allies,
nor inteYfere, provided they- gave security that
their yiews was not directed to territorial ag-
grandizement. On this point, he would first ask
vArat was the value of general principles if they
were not reduced into action ? To assert them,
would in that cake only be to assert childish ab-
stractions. On what should be grounded an
exception which allowed a
_foreign Government
the right to interfere in the internal arrange-
ments of another State ? On the strongest ne-
cessity. But when did that necessity arise? When
real and serious danger threatened a State, in
consequence of the transactions taking place in
another. But that danger must be imminent—
not remote. Such, for instance, would be the as-
sertion of principles on the part of our Govern-
ment, holding an invitation to insurrection to the
subjects of another, and arming to support the
encouragement which it gave; Such was the fa-
mous decree of the 19th of November, 179'2,
which, he admitted, would have been a just
ground of war, if previous explanations had been
demanded, and the danger had been commensu-
rate with the menaces. But such a principle as
this had never been maintained by ally publicist
in the world, that a nation was not to be suffered
to improve her own internal condition, because
it might excite the subjects of another State to
-wish for similar improvements ! So monstrous a
principle had never been avowed by the most un-
bottnded ambition. And 'yet it was put forth in
the case of Naples ! There, no hostile movement
had taken place ; the Sovereign had been re-
spected, and his power only limited in order to
rescue the people from the most abject condi-
tion ; yet, although the revolution had been ef-
fected in a mariner totally inoffensive to other
Powers, nay, with marked- attention to their in.
terests, they claimed the right of interfering on
no other ground than because they feared that
their subjects might wish for such a change.—
Never had a revolution been more peaceably con-
ducted than that of Naples. Never had any
prnvpti less offensive to other Stir Les- NCI
drop of blood had been shed ; the king had con-
sented to-it, and had sanctioned it by oath, arid
fct vengeance was directed against him by the
Powers of Europe, on the principle of interfe-
rence ; and we, who disclaimed the principle,
still joined So far in the hostile proceedings as to
suspend our diplomatic intercourse with the new
Government. Ile (Earl Grey) held in his hand
the answer of the Duke of Campio Chiaro to the
circular of- the Allies. it described the manner
in which the Revolution had been effected, and
contained the most satisfactory proofs of the pa-
cific conduct adopted towards the Allied Pow-
ers, particularly in the case of the Principality
of Ponte Corvo, which had been respected,
though entirely surrounded by the Neapolitan
territory. But the Allied Powers did not even
shelter themselves under a pretence .of injury
having been inflicted upon them. Their aggres-
sion was at least open, and they had not added
to violence and injustice the meanness of fraud.
The conduct of Austria and Russia afforded an
instance of the most crying injustice, and that of
his Majesty's Ghvernment in suspending all
diplomatic intercourse with- Naples, and express.,
ing a hasty censure, demanded' a public explana-
tion, before either their Lordships or the country
could be satisfied. It had beep said that
there- was a sect, or a party at Naples, and
that it was to it the Revofution was owing.
If this were an objection, it was one which
would affect all revolutions in the world. lie
was one of those who maintained the opinion
that all revolutions in which the people- either
threw off their Sovereign or limited his powers,
arose from previous misgovernment.—(Hear,
hear ! from the_ Ministerial side.)—lt then be-
name necessary that parties should be formed
and that Secret Councils should be held, and it
would be strange if the existence of those were
to affect the character of a resolution. How had
our Revalusion, in 1688, been carried into effect?
Had it. not been by a party and by the secret
combinations of those illustrious men who had
given Englishmen their liberties ? The objection
to the Carbonari, as a party, therefore appeared
to him most futile. That society had been form-
ed as early as 1812, at the instigation of this
country, and the Allies, as being directed against
France, and for the purpose of establishing free
constitutions. But -even if it had been a small
party In the state, all writers agreed in declaring
that if its operations-had the consent of the people,
they became legitimate. It was previous mis-
government which had set the Carbonari in mu-
tibn, but that the Revolution was the effect of the
general will, was sufficiently proved by the mode
in which it had been effected. Without opposi-
tion fled 91e Constitution of grain, Which his
Majesty's C;overnment had, tolerated in that
country without withdrawing the British Mini-
ster, been established at Naples. But it was
said to be the work of a sect, of an army.
If Governments would have standing armies,
they must take them with all their dangers.—
They could not prevent soldiers from feeling as
men. They could not prevent them) and God