The Sun.
London, England, 1845-10-04 00:00:00

' the more irritable of the party, ALTHORP anticipated
them, rose with his usual calm demeanour, and after a
brief and civil reply to any objections urged, proceeded
in the quiet tenour of his way, and moved the adoption
of the next clause. When he was at last found impreg-
nable, they resigned themselves to their fate, and con-
soled themselves with the reflection embodied in a phrase
of their own coining, that " ALTHORP'S d--d good
nature did it all." There were some clauses in the Bill,
however, of an objectionable character, which he either
opposed too meekly or gave up without opposition,
among others the Chandos clause, or, more properly
speaking, the Sibtharp clause, for Colonel SIB-
THORP first brought it forward. The Marquis of
CHANDOS had as much claim to it as AMERICITS YES-
PUCCIUS had to the discovery of the New World. If
ALTHORP consented to that mischievous amendment, it
cannot be denied that he was in good company. Mr.
HUME, and many others of the Liberals, approved of
it; it was not resisted with any courage by the press, and
many well-meaning people believed that it was desir-
able that the suffrage should be extended as widely as
Possible, without suspecting for a moment that
.the Tory
landlords would make such a tyrannical use of their
power. When the Reform Parliament assembled Earl
GREY, timidly afraid of the work of his own hands, did
everything in his power to check the popular impulse,
and during the rest of his Premiership thought more
of controlling and curbing the Commons than using the
vast power which they possessed for reforming the
Church, reforming the law, cutting down useless expen-
diture, and rendering justice to the long-oppressed
Irish. In all these great faults, we are to presume that
Lord ALTHORP concurred, for he retained his seat in the
Cabinet till the death of his father removed him to the
House of Peers. But ALTHORP was not fitted for a
great leader ; he neither bad the daring nor the ori-
ginal views suited to such a character—he could fight
well under a chief—he made an excellent general of a
division—and as a proof of his great merit in this re-
spect, the country at large owe more gratitude to
him than to the whole cabinet together. We have dwelt
at this length on the part he took in reforming the
Commons House of Parliament, because it forms the
main feature of his political life, and will be remem-
bered when all his other labours, either as a statesman
or an agriculturist, are forgotten. In his last character
he some years ago gave great offence to the agricultural
body, by advocating the principles of free trade, and
consequently the reduction or abolition of the corn-laws.
But that was only another proof of his honourable and
independent conduct, and such respect was attached to
his name that the offence was speedily forgotten. In
modern times it would be difficult to find a public man
so free from reproach, or so universally beloved—
" Bonum virum facile crederes, magnum libenter."

tiros of their superior and overmatching force. They have
gained nothing by their successes. Loss of life, damage of
character, and large outlay of money, have been the only
realised results at which they have arrived after wading
through a dreary series of acts of injustice and aggression for
their attainment. Is it nothing to have weakened
the moral influence of their name in Madagascar, where it
has stood so high, for upwards of a century, by a species of
piratical " occupations " really not more justifiable by the
law of nations than Captain MozooN's seizure of Panama
whilst ransom was being collected, or the earlier peccadilloes
in this sort of Sir FRANCLS DRAKE, or the later operations
of Sir JOHN NARBORISUGH, or old DAMPIER ? The facts of
the Marquesas and Otaheite affairs had been as well known,
for months prior to this conjoint expedition of a French
and English force at Tamatave, as they were in London or
in Paris.

tions made in our customs' duties, in what concerns some of
the articles which come to us from Russia.

INDIA

AND CHINA.

We read in the Leipsic Gazette :—" Letters from Odessa
confirm the accounts of the reverses experienced by the Rus-
sians in the Daghestan. The army of Prince Woronzow had
arrived at Gersel, a fortress on the extreme frontier of the
Caucasus." _

RAILROADS IN INDIA.
(From the Overland Delhi Gazette.)
We know of no measure more calculated to strengthen
the power of the British Government in India, or more
likely to exercise a beneficial effect over the people of
Hindustan, than the introduction of railway communica-
tion. In Europe the invention of steam power has been
attended with the happiest results to large masses of
people; and it is generally observed that indications of
progressive improvement are no where so visible as in
those places which are accessible to the immediate in-
fluence of steam communication. Thus, as in times of
yore, by the application of the philosopher's stone, it
was supposed that all things would be turned into gold,
so, in the present day, by the happy introduction of
steam, it is found that barbarism becomes converted
into civilisation, barrenness into fertility, poverty
into wealth. What, then, may the philanthropist
not hope for the people of India, when he learns
that the Court of Directors are about to investigate
the applicability of railway communication to this
country ? For this purpose they propose asso-
ciating two or three eminent engineers, who are to re-
port upon the subject, and who are to suggest some pos-
sible line of moderate length, as an experiment. If this
first trial should prove successful we may expect in a
few years to see lines of railroads traversing the whole
country ; but if, on the other hand, it should prove a
failure, India will sink back into lethargy still greater
than that in which it now sleeps, and the march of civi-
lisation will be retarded instead of advanced. It is there-
fore most important that the first trial should be made
under such circumstances as woull most probably insure
success ; and too much care cannot be taken in selecting
that line which holds out the greatest political advan-
tages to Government, and which promises the best re-
turn to the capitalist. It is not enough to prove that the
tine proposed is a good one, it must also be proved that
it is the best one that can be made in India. We are in-
duced to dwell upon this point, because we observe that
a predilection is already entertained in England for the
Calcutta and Mirzapore line. If we thought that this
scheme possessed the advantages which its supporters
pretend it does, we have the interest of India too much
at heart to oppose it for a moment ; nor do we oppose it
now ; we only ask that the same talents and the same
consideration which have been devoted by Mr. Stevenson
to the Calcutta and Mirzapore line, be also applied to
the Delhi and Allahabad one, and if the result of such
consideration should prove that the former scheme has a
just claim to preference, we shall enrol ourselves among
its warmest advocates.

The Cologne Gazette states from Berlin, that a project of
convoking a general council of the clergy of all sects in Prussia,
with a view to hearing their opinions on the religious ques-
tions which agitate the public in that country, is under con-
sideration. _ _

The Three per Cents, closed on the Paris Bourse onWednes-
day at 83f. 50c. ; the Five per Cents., 117 f. 50c ; the Or-
leans Railroad Shares, 1,227 f. 50c. ; Rouen, 1,052 f. 50c. ;
Northern, 79,0 f. ; Fampous, 525 f. ; Havre, 877 f. 50c. • Avig-
non 1,0151. , Vierzon, 760 f.; Bordeaux, 690 f. ; Boulogne,
630 i. ; Troyes and Montereau, 517 f. 50c. ; Basle, 282 f. 50c. ;
Spanish Three per Cents., 38%.
The following are the quotations for the new lines :- •
Paris and Lyons Railroad (Laffitte), 31f. 25c. premium ;
ditto (Calon), Bf. 50c. ; ditto (Ganneron), 12f. ; ditto
(Lapinsonniere), 6f. •, Northern Line (Laffitte), 75f. ;
ditto (Rosarnel), 37f. 50c. ; ditto (Pepin Lehalleur), 3 If.; ditto
(Pecan Lebeuf), 30f.; Paris and Strasburg (Ganneron), 16f. ;
ditto (Hinguerlot), 14f. ; ditto (Bechet), sf. 50c,. ditto
(Aymard), 10f. 50c. ; Tours and Nantes (Mackenzie), 10f. ;
ditto (Drouillard), 3f. 50c. ; ditto (O'Neill), Bf. ; ditto
(Lefevre), 7f. ; Lyons and Avignon (Talabot), 33f. 75c. ; ditto
(Lecointe), 22f. 50c. • ditto (Compagnie Meridionale),
10f. 50c. ; Bordeaux and Cette (Mackenzie), 2E 50c. ; ditto
(Espeleta), 13f. 75c. ; Creil and St. Quentin (Kysaens), lf. 50c. ;
ditto Cearette), Bf. 50c.; ditto (Colbert), If. 50c.; Charleroi
(Kysans), 33f. 50c.; Maubeuge (Kysaens), lf, ; Dijon and
Mulhausen (O'Neill), If. 25c. ; ditto (Allegry), 2f. 50c. ;
Dieppe. (Sellieres), 42f. 50c. ; Caen (Delamarre), sf. 50c.
LYONS, SEPT. 27.-Marseilles and Avignon, 1,0041.. end
of September; Paris and Orleans. 1,212 f. ditto; Paris and
Rouen, 1,044 f. ditto; Orleans and Vierzon, 743 f.

We were assured, long ago, by parties connected with the
trade of Madagascar, and who have occasionally resided in
that magnificent island, that there was a feeling of jealous
animosity towards the French, half fear and half hatred,
growing up among the Malagashes, which had its immediate
origin in apprehensions of their ultimate designs on the inde-
pendence of the country. This feeling, we have no doubt,
was that which emboldened the ferocious and licentious
" RANAVOLA MANJAKA" and her black ORLOFFS and Po-
TEMKINS to refuse, with insolent contempt, all previous con-
cessions, or even negotiations, when applied to by an officer
of her Britannic MAJESTY'S navy. Now, the lesson' we
read• in these facts is—that that retribution which all of
us recognise in the system of the moral, equally pervades
the scheme of the political world. If this be so, in-
deed, we would fain hope that the Government of •France;
taught by the experience of the past, will in future find no
reason for acknowledging in catastrophes of this kind that
its own conduct has challenged them.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS-AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Ocr. 2.
Anglo-Belgian Luxembourg
Boulogne and Amiens.. 12% Namur and Liege 6%
Bordeaux &Mediterran -- Orleans and Vierzon
Bordeaux and Toulouse Orleans and Bordeaux --
Do. & Cette (Espeleta) Over Yssel .......
Do. ( Mackenzie s) Paris & Lyons (Lafitte) 3
Central of Spain .. 2l/s Ditto (Ganneron's). 3%
Demerara

The Madrid Gazette, of the 25th of September, publishes
a royal decree of some importance, relative to the Univer-
sities of Spain. A royal college is to be established at
Madrid; the Universities of Barcelona, Grenada, Madrid,
Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid'
and Saragossa are to be maintained; and those of the Ca-
nary Islands, Huesca, and Toledo are to be converted into
secondary institutions. The Universities of Madrid, Oviedo,
Seville, Valladolid, and Saragossa are to have faculties of
theology, and those of Madrid, Barcelona, Santiago, and Va-
lencia, faculties of medicine. The decree appears to give
general satisfaction. -
Colonel D'ORTEGA, a member of the Cortes, had been
arrested at Saragossa, and sent under escort to Madrid, but
the charge against him is not published.
According to accounts from Gibraltar, of the 18th of Sep-
tember, the treaty concluded by Sweden and Denmark with
Morocco on the sth, respecting the suppression of the tri-
bute hitherto paid by those two Christian Powers, were ex-
changed at Tangiers on the 14th.
Nothing was done on the Madrid Bourse on the 25th.

Dendre Valley
Dutch Rhenish ...... 121/
Dieppe & Paris Juact.
Dijon and Mulhouse ...
East Indian ...... 23/4
Grt Northern of France
(Laffitte's)
Ditto (Rosamel's)
Do. (Le Boeuf)
Do. Pepin le Halleur -
Great Paris and Lyons —
Great Western Bengal 13/4
Jamaica Junction 41,4
Do. North Midland —
Do. Extension
Jersey
Louvain and Jemeppe
Lyons and Avignon —

Paris and Orleans
Paris and Rouen
Paris and Strasburg
(Ganneron's)
Do. (Compte de L'Est)
Paris and St. Quentin.
Rouen and Havre —
Royal North of Spain —
Sambre and Meuse
Strasbourg and Basle
Tournay,Jurbise, Lan-
dent, and Hasselt —
Tours and Nantes
(bracken zie's) 23%
Do. (Lefebvre's)
Verona and Ancona —
West Flanders

BOMBAY, AUGUST 27.—A new Company, called the
" Bombay Steam Navigation Company," has just been
established for running steamers up and down the coast.
The speculation, we think, is likely to prove a profitable
one for the projectors, and that it is highly deserving of
support on public grounds, there can be no manner of
doubt. There is no country in the British empire where
the benefits of a railway can be demonstrated with such
force as in India. The profits even in the transport of
the produce 'will be immense, fur many articles are now
suffered to waste in the interior which could be sold for
enormous sums at the ports. The prospects of this im-
provement are highly flattering, and its introduction into
India will, in the opinion of men of judgment and expe-
rience, tend more to consolidate the British power there
than would an additional army of 100,000 men.

DEATH OF EARL SPENCER.

The Paris Opposition journals can at last boast of one of
their candidates being returned during the recent elections,
though the victory has not been obtained in a very legitimate
way, The High Royalists and the Republicans and Radicals
clubbed their votes together, and defeated the Ministerial
candidate at Douai. M. CHOQUE, the Opposition candidate,
had 264 votes; M. DANEL obtained 255, only 9 short of his
opponent, and these were given by the Legitiniatists. The
Opposition papers of all parties rejoice in the result. The
Quotidienne, a Royalist journal, thus proclaims the triumph, and
holds out the promise of still greater victories The elections
which havejust taken place prove that the Royalist party draws
fresh force and courage from the wretchedness of the present
state of things. They show that the electoral body is un-
dergoing an important transformation. In all the colleges,
which met on the 20th and 27th, the number of the Opposi-
tion votes has increased. We must, in conclusion, repeat
the assertion, that it is to the Royalists that in a great mea-
sure is due this cleverly managed struggle. Let us hope that
their example will be followed. France seemed to be shut-
ting her eyes to the perils which surround her; now, that
she beholds where she is being led, she comprehends
the necessity of action. Our friends in all the pro-
vinces will consider it their duty to initiate the Royalists of
Blois, Coutances, Douai, and Vendome. Our letters announce
to us a firm resolution to exhibit on the occasion of the
general election the same activity, the same union, and the
same fidelity to engagements."
" Thus, then," says the National, it is seen that the
Opposition has gained the victory, and the Ministry is de-
feated—beaten precisely in the college upon which it most
confidently relied. Poor M. MARTIN (du Nord) is also cast
down ! Poor man ! His goOd town of Douai has failed him!
lie had answered for it with his head, and it has refused to
redeem the pledge which was so precious to him! Good
GOD ! whither can he fly ? Thus the Opposition may dis-
pense with blowing the trumpet of victory in henour of his
success. The election of M. CHOQUE will not certainly put
down the Minisare de l'Etranger,' nor the Pensee du
Ingne.' Still it is not without importance."
M. THIERS' journal thus joins in the song of triumph :
" Here is a complete check for the Ministry. The election
took place in the seat of a •Cour Royale, and in an arrondisse-
ment of which the other half sends M. MARTIN (du Nord),
Minister of Justice, to the Chamber. It was against M. PANEL,
a member of the parquet of the Cour Royale of DOuai, that
the Opposition candidate had to struggle, and M. CHoQuE
gained the victory. Let us add up: M. MARMIER is elected
at Jussey, against M. A3IEDEE THIERRY, M. GUIZOT'S Can-
didate; M. DELZERS is elected at Espalion, against M. PoNs,
the Ministerial candidate, who had just been promoted to a
function of the magistrature. Out of the nine re-elections
which the promotions to the peerage rendered necessary,
eight are known ; the Ministry has received two checks. M.
DEBELLET3IE, jun., was only elected after having signed a de-
claration drawn up by the Opposition. M. CHOQUE has ob-
tained a triumph so much the more remarkable, that his po-
litical opinions were clearly marked, and that he struggled
against the most active and most direct Ministerial influence,
We shall again refer to the result of these partial elections,
which may beforehand allow an, opinion to be formed of the
definite result of the general elections."
The 3.linisterial journals merely state the result of the
election. On Monday the limo, accompanied by the Mi-
nister of Commerce and Generals GOURGAUD and DU:IOMA-
TOT, took his usual carriage exercise at Eu. "It appears,"
says the Memorial de Rouen, " that the works for extending
to Eu the port of Treport, which will assume the name of
Philippe Port,' are about to commence. It is also said that
the railroad from Rouen to Dieppe will be immediately pro-
longed to the same royal residence."

It is our painful duty to announce the demise of Earl
Spencer, on Wednesday last, at his seat Wiseton Hall,
Nottinghamshire. The Noble Earl was ill only a fort-
night. •His disease is understood to have been gout in
the stomach. His medical advisers in the neighbour-
hood had called in Mr. Keate and under their united
care the Noble Earl was progressing, it was hoped,
towards recovery, when on Tuesday unfavourable
symptoms again manifested themselves, and on Wed-
nesday the Noble Farl breathed his last.. Earl
Spencer was born on the 30th May, 1782, and,
after the usual course of preliminary study, he entered at
Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of
M.A. At the age of twenty-one he, as Lord Althorp,
entered the House of Commons, being returned for
Okehampton ; and in 1806, on the death of Mr: Pitt,
started as a candidate for the representation 'of Cam-
bridge University, in opposition to Lord Henry Petty
(the present Marquis of Lansdowne) and Lord Palmers-
ton, on which occasion he was defeated by Lord Henry
Petty by a large majority. In the same year he
contested the county of Northampton, and was returned
at the head of the poll, which county he continued to
represent until called to the Upper House by the death
of his father, in 1834, During the Fox and Grenville
Administration Lord Althorp was .a Lord of the Treasury;
he resigned his office when that Ministry was broken
up, and continued steadily in opposition until 1830.
During this period Lord Althorp had acquired a high
character in the House of Commons as a sound, steady,
practical man of business. A statesman, rather than
orator, he spoke seldom, but when he did
speak be was always listened to with great attention.
On financial subjects and on matters connected with
agriculture Lord Althorp was always looked up to as
an authority, and whenever questions on either of those
subjects were under discussion, Lord Althorp always
spoke, and he always spoke well. Kind-hearted,
benevolent, tolerant, and humane, his private cha-
racter was excellent, and this gave him a weight
and an authority which even the most tran-
scendant abilities fail to bestow, unless joined
with honesty of intention and kindness of man-
ner. When Earl Grey came into power in Novem-
ber, 1830, Lord Althorp received the appointment
of Chancellor of the Exchequer, and at the same time
officiated as Ministerial leader in the House of Com-
mons. The death of his father, on the 2d of November,
1834, called him to the Upper House, and this removal
was made the excuse for breaking up the Ministry, of
which Lord Althorp was at that time the
most influential member. From the time he
became Earl Spencer he retired altogether from the
political world, appearing only at agricultural meetings,
and then in general cautiously eschewing all allusions to
party politics. About two years since, however, Earl
Spencer, who had previously been in favour of a pro-
tecting duty on corn, announced that he had seen reason
to change his views on that subject, and from that time
he has advocated free-trade principles. Although during
late years Earl Spencer mingled not in the busy affairs
of life, he was not idle. His agricultural pursuits afforded
him amusing, and, healthful, and useful recreation, and his
mind was employed in the study of " Divine philosophy."
That these, studies produced good fruit, we have ample
proof in the very interesting conversations between him-
self and Lord Brougham, which have been se minutely
recorded by the latter Noble Lord..
The deceased Nobleman is thus described in Lodge's
Peerage_:—" John Charles Spencer, Earl Spencer, Vis-
count Althorp,' county of Nottingham, and Viscount and
Baron Spencer, of Althorp, in the same county, in the
Peerage of Great Britain ; P.C. ; a Commissioner for
the Duchy of Cornwall ; and M.A. ; was born on the
30th of May, 1782, and succeeded on the 10th of No-
vember, 1834. His Lordship married on the 14th of
April, 1814, Esther, only daughter and heir of the late
Richard Acklom, Esq., of Wiseton Hall, in the county
of Nottingham, by Elizabeth Bernard, sister of the first
Earl of Bandon, but her Ladyship died without issue on
the 11th of June, 1818."
His Lordship is succeeded by his brother, the Hon.
Captain Frederick Spencer, R.N., C. 8., Cross of St.
Louis of France, Knight of St. Anne of Russia second
class, and of the Redeemer of. Greece, Equerry to her
Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, who was born on
the 14th of April, 1798, and married on the 23d of Sep.
tember, 1830, Elizabeth Georgians, second daughter of
the late William Stephen Poyntz, Esq., of Cowdray
House, Sussex, M.P., by whom he has issue three chil-
dren, Georgians Frances, born April 25, 1832 ; John
Poyntz (now Viscount Althorp), born October 27,
1835 ; and Sarah Isabella, born April 7, 1838.

Among the many items of intelligence which give to
the last extraordinary express intelligence from India
and China an unusual degree of interest, and of poli-
tical importance, we have only time, to-day, to notice
the very strong rumours which they advert to of Russian
intrigue being once more at work, in Persia, against
British supremacy in India. It can hardly be necessary
to direct the vigilant attention of our readers to any in-
timations of this• kind -applying to such quarters.
The very remarkable and hitherto wholly unexplained pro
ceedings of. the Russian agent at Herat, in exciting the
Arab and Seikh soldiery to the several attacks and
demonstrations against that fortress, which were so
gallantly defeated by the late Major, then Lieutenant
Porrmaxn, sufficiently detected a sinister community
of purposes in the' secret councils of Russia and of
Persia. , Nor is the significance of the presumption
weakened either by the manifest conclusion, that in any
case Russia is acting by Persia as her unresisting and
convenient tool, nor yet by the ostensible disavowal by
the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh of the acts of their
agent in Herat. The fact of that unhappy man's
having laid violent' heads upon himself on the night
preceding the day, or on the
,very morning in which
he had been summoned to appear before an Imperial
Council, will in no way weaken the inferences which
establish the fact of this compacted intrigue. They
who have been at the trouble of informing themselves
upon the morals and the measures of Russian diplomacy,
will easily understand how the Imperial Agent may have
been justified in anticipating the treacherous disclaimer
of his employers. Neither the mutual confidence, nor
the feeling of honour, which in the business of other
Cabinets renders confidential instructions binding on
both parties, the issuer and the recipient, is a plant that
grows on the banks of the Neva. The agent, doubtless,
too clearly foresaw the cruel doom that the failure of
his mission would entail upon him, and which, therefore,
his own hand anticipated. Certain it is, that the
British Legislature and people have never been favoured
with the sight of any official disavowal, on the part of the
Russian Government, of at least a guilty knowledge of
this man's attempts and cabals against our flag at Herat.
But we now learn that at that same Herat, between the
agents of the Schah of PERSIA, and YAR MOHAMMED,
the usurper, intrigues have been long carried on, founded
upon representations of the overwhelming influence of
Russia in the Persian Councils, and allegations of a
peace for thirty years having been concluded between
the two Powers, of which a main condition is said to be—
that Russia shall assist the Government of the latter
"in overcoming all its enemies in Central Asia."
With her usual disinterestedness, Russia, it is reported,
stipulates, as the price of her active alliance, for one-half
of the conquests which may be made by the arms of
Persia; and the reigning SCHAH, with his usual infatua-
tion, is said to have acceded to these terms. In all this
there is quite enough to justify—nay, to demand—the
most prompt and energetic measures on the part of our
Government, both ,at home and in India. Tim time the
cabal must be rigorously watched. Explanations must
be demanded in a tone to admit of no paltering or eva-
sion; and it is high time that Russian duplicity should
succumb, despite itself, to the plain speaking of British
honour. If the charges be unfounded, Russia will have
no right to complain of being called on for a categorical
and distinct disavowal of them-, after the unremoved
presumptions against her good faith, left by the former
transactions at Herat. If the charges have any founda-
tion at all, the sooner the acknowledgment is exacted
from the Russian Government the better; The sooner,
in that case, will the necessary attitude be assumed by
ourselves for vindicating our own rights, and preven.ing
future tampering with them by enforcing satisfaction
for, or, in the alternative, by punishing present
attempts upon them. It should not be endured
for a single moment, that this ambitious Government
should, with impunity, renew those treacherous and un-
principled designs against the dynasty and authority of
Great Britain in the noblest empire of Asia, which, in
the judgment of all Europe, we believe, only escaped de-.
tection two years ago by the suicide—or the violent re-
moval—of the Russian agent who then set them in
motion.

NEW SHOAL IN THE CHINA SEAS.
(From the Calcutta Englishman.)
We insert conspicuously, for the information of our
nautical and commercial readers, from the Prautical
Magazine of May, 1845, a notice of what is, it would
appear, a new shoal in the China Seas, and one very
it tch in the track of vessels which may get set or stand
tar to the westward, on their passage over its latitude.
We find, on laying it down on the supplementary
chart of 'shoals in the China Seas, re-published here by
the Marine Board in 1843, from a Spanish chart of 1840,
that it bears due west from the Bombay Castle's shoal of
1836, distant 22 mites, and E. by S. S. from the centre
of the Prince of Wales' Bank, distant 60 miles; and it
is quite possible either that it miy be a continuation of
the Bombay Castle's shoal or the same reef, its position
being erroneously given by one of the ships.
It is high time these shoals were all carefully sur-
veyed, and the safe channels between them properly laid
down.
THE TEA TRADE.

DIPLOMATIC DEPARTMENT.-GOVERNMENT
NOTIFICATION.
From the China Mail.)
• _ _

His Excellency her Majesty's Plenipotentiary and
Chief Superintendant of British Trade, &c., is pleased
to give publicity to the following extract of a dispatch
from the British Consul at Foo-chow-foo, as it conveys
important and encouraging information as to the pro-
specta of trade at that capital of Fokien province.
By order,
ADAM W. ELMSLIE.

Victoria, Hong-Kong, June 18.
EXTRACT OF A DISPATCH PROM HER MAJESTY'S CON.
SUL AT FOO-CHOW-FOO, TO THE ADDRESS OF HIS EX-
CELLENCY HER MAJESTY'S PLENIPOTENTIARY AND
CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT OF BRITISH TRADE, &C.,
DATED MAY 27, 1845. . .

" I have not ceased carefully investigating the details,
conscious that on the relative bearing of the facilities
and disadvantages must greatly depend the opening and
subsequent increase of any British trade.
" In the. meantime I am unwilling to lose any time in
placing before your Excellency the result of certain in-
formation, very recently obtained from a merchant dis-
patched from the tea districts, expressly to ascertain if
there be any demand here, and foreign goods to barter
in exchange. This information goes far to show either
that the Governor-General and the Treasurer have much
exaggerated the difficulties and dangers .of transport
from the Bohea hills, or been very imperfectly informed
on the subject
" I have assurance from more than one source, that
tea can be sent here, from the districts where it is grown,
with such reasonable facility and moderate degree of
risk, as to remove the apprehension of either difficulty
or danger offering any serious impediment, and at a cost
altogether trifling compared with the expense of its
transport to Canton.
"This difference in the expense of carriage is of itself
sufficient to make a large diminution in the price of tea
to the English merchant.
" As to the feelings of the first producers and the tea
merchants in the interior, my informant expresses not
only the anxious desire of his own firm, but that of the
tea growers generally, to find a market for their produce
here in preference. to Canton. In conjunction with
houses in the city, I have every reason to believe under-
takings will readily be entered into to bear all the ex-
pense and risk of transit, and deliver teas at a fixed
price, safe and sound, either at Foo-chow-foo or the an-
average of larie Vessels at Pagoda Island."
True extract,
• ADAM W. ELMSLIE.

The Prince and Princess of SALERNO had arrived in Paris,
and were lodged at the Elyge-Bourbon, in the apartments
which the EIPEROR occupied during the Hundred Days.
They are to remain about ten days in Paris; and will then
proceed to I;'ontainableau, where the KING will also repair,
and thence they return to Italy.

The France, a Royalist journal, thus points out the critical
state of the savings' bank of Paris :

" The last weekly return of the savings' bank of Paris is
really frightful. The total amount of the investments was
only 501,135 E, whilst the reimbursements made, and the
demands for reimbursements during the same period, amount
to the enormous sum of 2,367,723 E This comparative result,
which is certainly without precedent in the annals of the
savings' banks, will appear more frightful, when it is known
that the innumerable mass of all the small capitals abstracted
from economy are about to be lost in the new disorders of
lobbing in shares. The gambling in the railroads enters for at
east nine-tenths in these deplorable speculations. Was this
the object of the law of 1842? Could the legislator forsee that
the railroads would be the fruit of the investments of the
small capital of the precious savings of the laborious classes,
which we would call the fortune of the indigent? Could the
legislator desire that the denier of the poor, earned by the
sweat of their brow, and reserved as the means of bread for
the days of non-occupation, should be scandalously adven-
tured in all the risks of the agio, and be carried off by spe-
culators more clever, more practised, and frequently less
honest? At the approach of a winter which appears to pro_
wise much rigour and misery, this mad displacement of small
capitals, these continual and constantly increasing subtrac-
tions from the savings of the poor, ought to fix the special
attention and solicitude of the Government. It is to the
Minister of Public Works in particular that we address our-
selves, for it belongs to him to put an end to these scandalous
disorders. By advancing at least the moment of the last
adjudications which remain to be made for this' year, and
putting an end to the delays contrived for the advancement
of isolated interests, he will the more speedily quench the
fever of speculation which has for some time menaced the
fortunes of the public, and which transforms society into a
coupe-gorge industriel."
In reference to the gamblings in railroad shares the Revue
des Deux Mondes says :

In the continued absence of all official dispatches concern-
ing the affair at Tamatave, the capital of Madagascar, in
which a conjoint force of English sailors and French soldiers
and sailors were fairly beat en back, though not until after they
had accomplished the main object of their enterprise (to
rescue the persons and property of the Europeans resident in
the place), we forbear to offer any commentary on the facts
which attended the operation. We must, for the present, ab-
stain, for similar reasons, from animadverting on the bar-
barous tyranny of the native QUEEN—the widow of the noble
Rarama, our ancient ally, and, in his life-time, a generous
convert to the policy of discontinuing domestic slavery and
the trade in slaves with foreign Powers. As we should
rather say, perhaps, that we will treat these matters, for the
present, hypothetically only—as establishing the inferences
necessary for our purpose ; namely, that the QUEEN had
been guilty of intolerable oppressions and cruelty to the
French and English subjects settled, under the faith of
treaties, in her dominions—that the English and French au-
thorities of the Mauritius and Isle of Bourbon were fully jus-
tified in demanding, on the behalf of those Europeans, that
these cruelties and vexations should be discontinued ;
and, in the event of that satisfaction being refused, in
carrying off the objects of their infliction by force, and
punishing in the most signal manner the native aggressors.
By this time, we doubt not, the failure of the original opera-
tions has been amply and memorably repaired. Sir WM.
Gomm, we all know, is not a man to put up with failure ;
or to furl the flag he has once planted until it has flattered in
the breeze of victory. But we are anxious, on the assonip-
tion that the tyranny and contumacy of this Malagash,
QUEEN have been such as they are reported in the last ad-
vices, to extract a lesson of political experience for those
maritime powers which, oflate years, in various regions of the
globe, have been over forward and under scrupulous in enforc-
ing from feeble states or unarmed savages excessive reparation ,
for trifling injuries. The last voyage of discovery by an ex-
ploring expedition fitted out by the United States, com-
manded by Captain WILKEs of their navy, supplies us with
the last instance of one of these wholesale and indiscriminate
slaughters which civilized man, armed with the terrible en-
gines of destruction and death that modern science has
helped him to, can at any time inflict on naked islanders for
offences, or even for crimes, the natural consequences of their
untutored impulses, their benighted ignorance, their head-
strong wilfulness. We could not help contrasting, on lately
perusing Captain Wilacts's " Narrative," the conduct
u similar
,
of the United States' officers in :command of this
f'l
0 r moreof our
excitingo circumstances
expedition,h with the generous forbearance and thought-
wn
liLtNKLiN
of provocation S apnrdLaYt°ioNs'
under a n
The French, in their excessive exactions in the Rio Plate, on
the pretence of compensation
whose pattypans had beena compatriot pastry-cook,
their seizure of one of the lii ar aged.
in
a popular tumult; in
enter-
prise against Otaheite, and otliieuressasuChin their chivalric
been busied in enlisting the indignant operations, have lately
ropean public in the cause of those whosyhmapathy of the Eu-
ve been the vic-

The mortal remains of the late Marquis of Ely
will be interred at Renmore churchyard, about four miles
from Ely Lodge, but the precise day for the funeral will not
be fixed until the arrival of the present Marquis, who was
sit:iected on Wednesday, from Scotland.
WILL OF THE LATE MARQUIS OF DOWNSHIRE.•—•
Probate has been granted by the Prerogative Court to the
Marquis of Downshire, on the property of the late Marquis,
who died intestate, and the personalty sworn under 200,0001.
The duty on taking out probate was 4,0501., the largest sum
ever paid in any single case in this country. So highly
esteemed was the late Marquis in King's County and neigh-
bourhood, where he had property, and always acted as a kind
and considerate landlord, that both Protestants and Catholics
are uniting to raise a fund for the erection of a monument to
his memory
THE ORDERS OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION.—The
results of the late exhibition, as regards the orders given to
the competitors, do not seem to have been rightly under-
stood. Mr. Dyce is to execute his cartoon of " The Baptism
of Ethelbert" in fresco, in the centre compartment of the
House of Lords, over the throne; the Commissioners desire
to see one fresco done, that they may rightly judge of the
—effect ; but they have guaranteed to Messrs. Maclise,
Horsley, and Cope that these gentlemen shall execute their
several subjects (with such revisions as they may consider
expedient 1 in the event of fresco painting being decided on,
after the completion of the work by Mr. Dyce. It is also
open to the two other artists—Mr. Redgrave and Mr. Thomas
—to revise their designs ; at least, it is so understood ; for no
other artists, treating the same subjects, have been preferred
to them. With respect to the other works, Messrs. Horsley,
Cope, Herbert, Severn, and Tenniel are commissioned to exe-
cute five frescoes in a hall where it is proposed to place
statues of the poets, each artist being to select a subject to
i'lustrate the poet who may be allotted to him. Six of the
poets are Chaucer, Spenser, Shakspere, Milton, Dryden, and
Pope ; there are to be two others, but they are not yet deter-
mined upon. The compartments in the Poets'-hall are 8 feet
high by 5 feet 7 inches wide. Mr. Maclise was offered a
compartment in the Poets'-hall, but he declined the com-
mission, being desirous of completing his fresco in the House
f Lords, fur which he reserves himself. —The Art- Union.
JACK SHEPPARD —A short time since was ob-
served in a broker's shop, in Wilderness-row, Clerkenwell,
two ancient portraits, evidently after the style of that cele-
brated artist Sir John Thornhill, who painted the. Court of
GeOrge the Second. A person afterwards purchased the pair
for a mere trifle, and took them home with him. It has since
been discovered, beyond all doubt, that they are original
likenesses of Jack Sheppard and his mother. They were for
more than a century banging up in an old public-house called
the Bell, at Willesden, and were taken off from time to time
by successive landlords, as a part of the stock of the pre-
mises. There is a strong family likenesi between the parent
and the son, and the contour of the countenance of the latter
teems with character of a nature which coincides perfectly
with the life and history of the subject. The painting must
have been executed about the period that Jack Sheppcd
brolo out-of the retind-houSe at NVilleadm

. " A single question at present engrosses attention—that of
the railroads. We may even say that that question has, for
rpofrica
felt
fsfatorsr
rrnoa
nti
the
r deo aanddl
vn c
snhnt
iatnigngeus e
hass
offered tip ne raiib
aabptyse d ,itnhcoarnseeda the
cor.fidenceof capitalists in the advantages offered bythoae im-
menseenterprjesso farfrorn diminishinglias perhapsincreased.
the last month, seriously, pre-occupied the public mind.
inT he ens enthusiasmeente
But it is nevertheless true that the present situation calls for the
consideration of the most enlightened men, and the greatest
vigilance on the part ofthe Goverrunent. Two extensive lines,
Strasburg and Lyons, are to be adjudged in the months of No-
cember and December. It is to be apprehended that several
of the Companies which have constituted themselves to bid
for their concession are not serious, and that it would be
out of their power to complete so gigantic a work. What
occurred relative to the northern road, the prospect
of joining a powerful Company, perhaps also the hope of
carrying the adjudication by a rash offer, give birth every
morning to new companies, whose competition becomes a
danger for public credit, and compromises the very existence
of railway communications. The Government is warned. The
law furnishes it with sufficient means to disarm an irregular
and immoral competition, and it must use them. We trust
that the superior Committee, guided and supported by public
opinion, will display the utmost severity in the examination
of the titles of each company. Serious competition must be
expected;
competition. It was not the desire of the Chambers that
railroads should fall into the hands of hawkers of premiums
and insatiable gamblers. A crisis in the railroads might
cause serious financial embarrassments, and probably bring
about a political crisis of which it would be difficult to cal-
culate the consequences. The anarchical factions openly
speculate on such a crisis, and the Government would assume
a very great responsibility if it did not adopt the measures
necessary to moderate er prevent it."

We subjoin miscellaneous extracts from the continental
papers:—

The Presse says that it appears to be certain that a
new creation of Peers will be made very shortly.
A Marseilles journal announces that Don Carlos and the
Princess de Beira were to leave that city on the 2d,.for Nice.
The Dusseldorf and Aix-la-Chapelle Gazettes publish a
Berlin letter, stating that the Prussian Cabinet has decided
upon not recognising the present order of things in Spain
until a marriage of conciliation with the Prince of the As-
turias has given a certain guarantee to Europe. -
The official organ of the deparment of foreign affairs of
Russia has just published an article explanatory of the Im-
perial ukase of J:tul9, which has been considered by the
French raerchanti as an act of reprisals- against the niettfica.

.. ~}

SUPPLEMENT TO THE MORNING SVN, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1845

Third ditto
New ditto

curable under 2 rupees 4 annas per maund. The demand
for Mauritius and Bourbon continues moderate at about
former prices.
Oil Seeds—We have not the slightest alteration to notice
in the market for either linseed or mustard seed, purchases of
both having been on a moderate scale, and at about former
rates. _ _ .

.-Safilower—A few small sales are reported at 3.2 to 38 ru-
pees for fair Patterghatta, but the demand is at present lan-
guid, and sales effected with difficulty.
Shell Lac and Lac Dye—Shell Lac has been in mode-
rate demand, and several small parcels have changed hands
at about former rates. In lac dye we are aware of a few lots
being taken for France, but generally speaking, parties do not
seem disposed to pay the high rates lately current.
' Hides, Horns, and Tips—The market for hides, especially
Buffalo, has been rather more active, and several parcels
have changed hands for Great Britain and America.
Buffalo horns are not much wanted, but we notice consi-
derable shipments as dunnage. In deer and tips we are not
aware of any transactions during the week.
In the minor articles of country produce we are not aware
of any alterations having taken place since the 7th inst.
Opium—Prices continued to decline for some days after
our last issue, and came as low as 1,358 Company's rupees for
Patna,
_and 1,290 for Benares; of late, however, they have
rallied, and we now quote the former at 1,395 to 1,400, and
the latter at 1,320 to 1,325 per chest.
The stock in the Company'sgodown consists of 2,921 chests
Patna, and 798 of Benares.
Cotton—We have heard of a few operations for China, but
there is still but little inquiry for the article.
Exports from the Ist inst. up to date are 5,042 maunds.
IMPORTS FROM EUROPE.
-

British Cotton Piece Goods—Business has been far from
brisk during the past nine days; but as we are aware of no
other reason for this except perhaps a little lightness in the
bazaar, we are rather disposed to think it merely proceeds
from the delay in dcliveiies, consequent on the state of the
weather, and that when this is removed operations will pro-
ceed on their former scale. We are not aware of any altera-
tion in the value of the principal fabrics under this head, and
will not therefore enter into a recapitulation of them, merely
noticing that the inquiry for all is at present languid.
Coloured and Printed Goods—ln these a fair amount of
business has been gone through, but no increased demand has
been observable, chintz continuing rather difficult of sale, and
Turkey red cloths, of suitable descriptions, in good inquiry.
Woollens—ln these goods we have no change to notice, and
although a few sales have been effected prices are still low.
White Mule Twist—This market has been steady, and
although sales are not extensive prices are looking up, 50's
having further advanced in value, and 40's being very firm.
Coloured Yarn—Under this head but little has been done,
a few bales of German dye have, however, been placed at
lr. la. 141 p., and British at lr. 9a. 7p. per lb.
Copper—The sales effected during the week have been to
a• very limited extent, arid the demand for tile, which was
brisk at the date of our last, has apparently fallen off, al-
though rates are maintained; sheathing has sold to a mode-
rate extent, and prices are rather firmer.
Iron—Transactions in this metal have again been to a most
insignificant extent, and we cannot as yet observe any symp-
toms of improvement.
Spelter—A few parcels have changed hands at Company's
rupees 10-10 to 10-12, but the latter figure is not now ob-
tainable.

Lead and Tin-plates—Sales of pig stamped are reported
at Sicca rupees 5-12 to 5-14 per maund, but in other de-
scriptions and tin-plates we are not aware of any transac-
tions. _ _

Beer—Prices even of the favourite brands are quoted rather
lower, and all are extremely difficult of sale.

EXCHANGE.
The paucity of drawers has caused a decline of from ad. to
d. ; the rate at which most of the operations in first-rate
bills have been effected for the present opportunity being from
Is. 10Id, to ls. 11d. per rupee.
• MONEY-MARKET.

No change whatever has taken place under this head
during the week, and we therefore repeat former quotations.
CURRENT VALUE OF GOGERNMENT SECURITIES, BANK-

STOCK, &C.

•
Transfer 5 per Cent.
Second ditto, according to Nos 2 4 6 0 do.
•

5 8 6 0 do.
7 12— 8 0 do.

Sicca rupees, 4 per cent.
Company's rupees, ditto.. .....
Bank of Bengal shares, Company's rupees 4,0.00 each pre-
mium, 2,550 to 2,650, last dividend paid.
Union Bank shares, Company's rupees 1.000 each premium
220 to 225, last dividend paid.
Agra Bank shares, Company's. rupees 500 each premium, 275
to 280.