The Sun.
London, England, 1828-10-08 00:00:00

690,000 tone

284, furnaces

About 3-10ths of this quantity is of a quality suitable
for the foundry, which is all used in Great Britain and
Ireland, with the exception of a small quantity exported to
France and America. The other 7.loths is made into
bars, rods, sheets, &c. of which a large quantity is export-
ed to all parts of the world.—Scotsman.

THE SERAGLIO.

(From Count Andre°lsy's Work on Turkey.)

By the word seraglio, or serai, is to be un-
derstood a palace, for which reason this appella-
tion ought only to be applied to the residence of
the Sultan, and the abode of the Grand Vizier,
though almost always improperly used to desig-
nate the dwellings of the nobles of the empire.
Mahomet IL, after having rendered himself
master of Constantinople, built in this capital an
imperial palace, choosing for its site a somewhat
central situation ; the Eski-serai, or old seraglio,
occupies the space between the mosque of Sultan
Soliman and that of Sultan Bajazet. This palace
has been long neglected ; the asylum of misfor-
tune and regret, it now only serves as a retreat
to the wives of deceased Sultans, or to the repu-
diated kadines of the seraglio. The conqueror
of Constantinople was not slow in perceiving
that the Eski-serai, having no view, converted
his abode into a true prison. He easily saw the
advantage over this position possessed by the
place now occupied by the new seraglio, where
formerly stood the citadel of the ancient By-
zantium, to which afterwards succeeded monu-
ments of magnificence and public utility.
In a political point of view, tile new seraglio
cuts off the sovereign from his capital, and not
without some advantage, in a country where the
revolutions are so frequent and so terrible. It
gives him the power of entrenching himself as in
any fortified post, and, in case of emergency,
opens to him a way by sea ; but under no cir-
cumstances, however severe, has any Ottoman
Emperor thought of seeking safety in flight.*
With respect to the situation of the seraglio,
at the extremity of the Bosphorus, where it joins
the sea of Marmora, and near the entrance of
the port, having the Princes Islands in front, to-
gether with the eastern shore of the Bosphorus,
and the province of Bythinia, terminated by
Mount Olympus, nothing can be placed in com-
parison with the view which it embraces.

The seraglio has eight gates : three large ones
communicating with Constantinople, and five on
the side of the sea, which are rather wickets than
gates, and which have been fatal to more than
one victim. By these were made to pass, when
about to be thrown into the Bosphorus, the
wives of Sultan Selim 111., who had been par-
ticipators in the murder of that Prince. The
principal gate looking towards Constantinople, is
called Babi humaioun (imperial gate). Although
•
oe s
adorned with two marble columns, it has not the
less the appearance of the entrance to a fortress ;
its heavy and massive style is repulsive. But
viewed
placing
without
to
e x are the
exposure
e
whattwo s i
(I
e cannot
nichesbe
for
the heads of those victims which fll
the Sultan. The imperial gate opens upon a
court of unequal proportions, planted with a few
trees without any regularity, and enclosing the
apartments of the Deft erdar Effendi, the Vezne-
dar-Aga, t the infirmary for the occupants of
the Seraglio, and the quarters of the Peik and
the Solak, bodies forming part of the Imperial
Guard. But what more especially attracts at-
tention, is the church of St. Irene, built by Con-
stantine, in the style of the Greek Temples ; it
is at present converted into an:arsenal ;,. itszentry
is severely prohibited to all who are not of the
Mussulman faith ; and there are some ancient
arms kept there with at kind of .t ree J t .
After the church of St. Irene, comes the
Mint, composed of spacious, but not rciaw-kable
buildings ; by the side of these are those inhabited
by the Chehir-Eiiiini (inspector of public build-
in), and the Ta.,..nt-1;11end; (secretary of the
chief of the black eunnclis)... In the '
,',lllle court
is seen a mortar inverted, which "as formerly
destined, says report,. Ito the pounding of the
chief of the Oulema, when guilty of any breach.
Recourse has been had to this expedient to sa-
tisfy the prejudice, which does not allow the
laying hands on the sacred person of the Mufti.
The excuse was well timed to give legality to
the most odious punishment, and revenge the
Sultan on his most redoubtable enemy ; but it
would appear that it was only devised to awe the
chief of the law, for history mentions no instance
of such execution.

in the angle on the left is a gate which leads
to the quarters of the Baltadji (cleavers of

In the Lower Empire, Justinian alone, terrified by the
sedition of January, 532, wished to abandon his palace ;
but he was dissuaded by the eloquent appeal of his wife
Theodora.
t Or cashier of the Minister of Finance • his title is de-
rived from vezue (balance, because all coined money should
be of just weight.)

Svood end commissiotiets of the seraglio.) Be-
yond are the stables of the Grand &Tilos. Still
further is the building reserved for the chief of
the black eunuchs, and the Khazne (treasure,)
where is preserved all that is most valuable belong-
ing to the crown, rich harness, sumptuous armour,
stuffs, costly furs, and the sovereign s private chest,
which each Sultan chiefly kept up by the pro-
duce of confiscations, which no longer occur.
There are also found the Mesdjid or oratory,
the baths, in
the chapel, where is
d lastly, ar d and
ft
hthe
eotherapartments
ph alar
black
mkr buildingee !Its
of
the
eunuchs
ns uocfhttsvhheai which
oditpnh
haerebpt
pages
the
: beenalodg-
ingsnd
lavishly used; the library ;
preserved, with religious respect, the holy stan-
dard,
no man, preserv-
ing ever penetrate, with
gpar
ti
en c. eosf
tandhe sthose oi
of
the Sultan. At the inner
Sultan alone, and where
ege aleir
ixr
exception
p at
it
otilh
personalaot harem,dignity,
gtinleit
nothing can be known but by report, and the
conjectures allowed by an external view of the
buildings ; they occupy the point of the seraglio,
and are separated from that part near the port
by a wall of highly raised terrace-work, which
only admits a view of the enclosed cupolas.
The northern part is adorned with porticos, sup-
ported by columns of marble, and looks into the
dwellings of the Kadines—each of whom has a
particular residence:
The Odali, or odaliss, are all collected to-
gether in one large gallery, and partitioned by
chambers or eda. From tho first court of the
seraglio, we pass to the second by the gate called
Bab-us-Selanz (or gate of safety), which is
flanked by two turrets. The gateway forms a
vestibule, painted in fresco, and adorned with
military trophies ; on the left is a chamber for
the Kapidgi-bachi on service ; on the right, ano-
ther chamber for the Tchaouch and the execu-
tioners ; under this gateway takes place the cere-
mony of decapitating illustrious culprits.
The second court is of a square form, having
buildings all round. In the middle play two
fountains ; and the court is crossed by two
double rows of cypresses. The kitchens bear off
towards the south on a terrace in proportion to
the -descent of the spot. It is fronting these
kitchens, that, on the presentation of Ambassa-
dors, the Janissaries were ranged, like birds of
prey, awaiting with impatience the signal for de-
vouring the dishes of Pilau. t
At first, the kitchens of the sovereign fur-
nished the Janissaries with their daily ra-
tions ; and the Sultan was thus considered
by his then faithful and invincible troops, as
their father and supporter. Thus the refusal to
eat bread and salt (iknzik ye touz) was a sign of
discontent, and even a signal for the fall of
princes. The eagerness inanifestedto the contrary,
.
by rushing on the dishes of pilau, was considered
as a favourable omen. On the left is the Hall
Of the Divan, adorned in front with porticos. Its
interior arrangement offers two halls, separated
the one from the other by a wall breast high, one
of which serves as a vestibule to the. other ; the
Tchaouch, or door-keepers, await in the first the
orders of the Grand Vizier. The hall called.
Alli kou6lie (the six domes,) is of vast magnifi-
cence, but it is not sufficiently spacious, and does
not receive sufficient daylight. Facing the entrance,
we perceive a small window covered by a Vene-
tian blind, whence the Ottoman sovereign (a
power as invisible as God liiinself, whose shadow
he is upon earth,) may remark the manner in
which his representative renders justice to his
people, and whether he abuses or not the abso-
lute power he has delegated to him. It is in
this hall the Ambassadors arc first received on
the first day of their audience, and find the meal
of hospitality, which is set before them previously
to their admission to thepresence of his Highness.
From the hall of the Divan, or second court,
we pass into the third, where is the Hall of tbe
Throne, through the gate Bab us-diadet (gate
placed
in of happiness), also called the gate of the white
eunuchs, because confided to their care. Am-
bassadors on the day of their presentation, and
ministers on seeking audience of the Grand
Seignor, are the personages allowed to pass it, as
it forms an entrance to the Harem.
The Hall of the Throne, with a facade adorn-
ed with beautiful nimble columns, is connected
by a double portico, with the gate, of which we
have just spoken. This hall, which is separated
front the other buildings, is not •Of great extent s.
it is surmounted by a dome of beautiful eleva-
tion, and its walls clothed with marble, are load
golden. globes with the lough (horse tails),
t he the
daylight angle
is opposite
ed with ornaments ; the throne, which is in form
of a canopy, supported byu t
he
pillars, incrusted.
Moreover,
with pearls and precious stones, and from which
issn
coloured glass, from whencveerayrisarestftuhlely
allowed
tirement and 'mystery which
into this hall, being only
stiolimnoe,,,daelgrieeexitieivn air admittedo
i. re.
anntooupoacsess,th through
coloured
Gothic churches, the sanctuary of a power, in
idssibolev,etbeuvtetywthhiicolknows every
Besides the pleasure gardens of his Highness
situate in the retired part of the seraglio, which
occupies the brow and declivity of the first hill,
there are below these, large ones entirely devoted
to usefulness ; they extend, some along the liar-
bour, others on the Propontis side. Th'ese spa-
cious gardens have large walks planted with
cypress, pine, and poplar, and one may perceive
many fruit trees carefully cultivated.
t Pilau or Pilaf', rice boiled in water, with or with_
F out seasoning, and containing meat cut in pieces.

Various improvements aorenceulteblEkraetdoed7o
Marshal
. at,i ut
R 1 e
sQzu.a Quay.
is. lastieshpseraeseiodnnetotabtie:i;idt contemplation'h:_K eli,ahrr tt oo:Lreccot
Courier.
The pier,
similar to
e Arms, Killarney.-_.
.ixteeETnxiteTpunusAidoco:nnd:::Andß,:of
PRODUCE
rtliEs.—A few days ago fotty-one potabneth wtiiiii"P:
nmiluAtbollivfinuEolAßnßailiTl:o2l::::::
EA.Kli.poi:Ofte,r.iooAt inyontngwardueluattut
a large
family
of to..—itunagii.ynordattteleanlit stic.rtliciatieportert.o_saFti,cyd
Herald.
at Melton Mowbray, a few niern jugs :Igo, Hodet"cikP for 4
trifling wager, to cat (within Ave• minute.) 1110. of hasty
pudding and drink two quarts of ale, whith he very easily
accomplished within the given tikne.:before seven 011,,c1i ice
the morning.—Nottinghant 411ereur11:!' • •
'e' boatli:c' circumstance toFant!chelei rnr:: :al ilPcohni 'lit ifl!iebdier:!:(2
iunpgwrtaoltuis!oi:elsdi'xiteßadtloKtz.ueLlnirvdadgine::::eint:lo:enarg:toil:gjet sinitit:_td7dtt:4:();lsti.atinirtit(islee'
t, Frith.taidd ile wheneuid;l:/vAtoill:drueddna_eYx nett
idea of the havoc committed by these voracious cream is.
Fish has been very scarce during the week, and yest,:d.y.
the best haddocks sold at 10d. and Is. each. Grilse at 1,.
and Salmon at Is. 2d. a lb. Oysters from 1-, to 1.. 6d.
a hundred...-Scotsman.

A poor Irish labourer, some time since, seated
himself in a public room, in which his company was con.,
sidered rather intrusive. " Come, Sir," cried a hoaxer,
" oblige the gentlemen with a toast or a sentiment"—
" Faith," replied the Hibernian, ." I have not one at all ;
what should I say?"—" Oh, give us A:44 shining public
character ; we have just now drank toLLarOVELLINGToN
and Mr. CANNING."—" Then," rejoineaPAT.,aicK, "
give you Ilse and NIARTIN : there's a pair .Of ;them fur
you."—Elgin Courier.

RUSSIAN BULLETIN.

FOREIGN INTELLI6ENC,

FRENCH PAPERS.

(From. the .Gazelle de France, dated Oct '6. )

"ORDER .OF THE DAY.

" CADIZ, SEPT. 19.---The division of the French
army in garrison in this place will evacuate it on
the 2.lst of this month, conformably to the. conven-
tions which I have entered into with Lieutenant-
General Viscount .Gudin, General-in-Chief of the
division. On the 20th the garrisons of the forts of
St. Sebastian, St. Lawrence, of Puntales, and of St.
Ferdinand, will be relieved by Spanish troops.
" On the same day a detachment of the King's
Regiment of Infantry (Ist of the Line) will enter
the place to relieve, on the following day, the 21st,
the French troops, in the points which they occupy,
including the above-mentioned fortresses.

(Signed)
" Cadiz Sept. 17."
" It seems that the- Ist and 2d,French divisions
will Commence their march on the 21st, and the 3d
and lth on the 23d. The effective force of these
divisions is stated to be 319 officers 5997 foot and
'863 horse." , , ,

",A YMERIC H."

(The Gazette de France and the Message). des
(-hombres give no news from Turkey. They con-
tain the official notice of the blockade of the Darda-
nelles made by the Earl of Aberdeen to the Com-
mittee of Lloyd's.)

FIAMBURGII PAPERS.
ODESSA, SEPT. 14.—Since the arrival of a courier
from the army of General Paskewitch, a report bas
been generally spread that the important city of
Erzerum it. taken. However, as the couriers are
sent to his Majesty, no official account has been
received. -

BUCHAREST, SEPT: N.—Reinforcements are now
arriving here from all quarters. Part of them take
the way to Silistria.
According to accounts from Krajowa, of the 9th
inst., all the inhabitaata had returned to the town.
BERLIN, OCT. I.—Letters from St. Petersburgh
say, that a third levy of recruits will shortly be made
in Russia, at the rate, it is said, of four for every
:.)00 men. •
HAmnuaGii, SEPT. 30.—Yesterday was a holyday
fur our city, a real popular festival in the best sense.
of the expression. It was the third centenary of
the change that took place in 1598, when, in conse-
quence of the reformation and the alterations in the
Ecclesiastical administration that were thereby ren-
dered necessary, the foundation was laid by a solemn
compact, for the representation of the citizens, as' it
still subsists, by the Aldermen (Oberalten), the Col-
lege of 60, and that of 180, a Constitution under
which Hamburgh has passed three eventful centuries
with increasing prosperity; and has passed with.
out any eagerness after innovation, or spirit of poli-
tical persecution, even through the time of the
French revolution, which convulsed the political
system of Europe, with the exception of a short in-
terruption by external violence.
IL—Hussein Paella's
CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT.
reports to Hulussi Effendi, the Caimacan of the
Grand Vizier, are still favourable to the Porte. ii,
one of the latest it is said that the brave Spahis,
who continually hover about the Russian army as
far as the Danube, had succeeded in capturing, after
a brave resistance, a convoy destined for the army
before Shumla, with the military chest. The in-
tendants and several civil officers; with the Hulans
who escorted them, are said to have fallen into the
hands of the Turks.
, .
, • ii,
The Turkish Wile & est' Contameg
.
500,000 silver I, 0 .
~,:,„; ;, 7-71 c.:;; .-gi-,
'1
Achmed P. , --i -.
General Rudi.,..",500_, `14,..."` *:1 out Oft
and
troops werr .!tve\ ''y No. '' ~ •'i, in ''or=
e'?" 'iik , ;°-.4.. • . ~!.40,,5. - ,
.-...,,,4N, • -,:. , , - ---47::,:,,

"Camp before Xchalzik (in Asia), Aug. 20 (Sept. 1.)
"'After the fortress' of lichikalaki had been re-
duced, 'and the reinforcements from Georgia had
arrived, General' Count Paskewitsch Coneanski
Marched in person'toWards the principal. fortress of
Achtdzik, where.
the Turkish forces were concen-
tratedi • The fortress was occupied by: the Pachas
Mustapha and, Kios Mehmed ; the former at the
head 41,000, and the latter of 20,000 men. Each
.ef them was supplied with , fifteen cannon. As the
Count was resolved
.uPOn reaching Achalzik, he
was obliged to forth a route through the mountain,
by an ascent of -twenty-three wersts; froni 'thence
the road took another direction; and lay through a
woody acclivity, bordering the -Kur, and over many
perilous passes.. Three days beforehand, as the
Count himself had commenced his march, he had
sent forward three brigades, uuder the command of
3lajor-General Murawien, in order to clear the
mountains from the enemy, and to render the defiles
and narrow road somewhat more passable. Not-
withstanding the efforts of this detachment, we were
compelled to drag the artillery over the heights, and
to draw it downwards'by our-personal exertions—
ran extremely fatiguing labour, as those mountains
are even mere precipitous than the Bezebdal, or any
other in Georgia. However, the exertions and per-
severance of our troops overcame all difficulties ;,
and on the 16th (28th) of August the -greater por-
tion of the assembled corps d'armee had reached
the banks of the Kur, six wersts from. Achal-
zik. The enemy were visible on the • left
side of the river. The ensuing day the Count re-
ceived intelligence that the above-named Pachas had
arrived. A reinforcement under General Popow,
which Count Paskewitsch expected from kartalinia,
had been three days' delayed On their-march, partly
by the equally bad state of the roads in that direction
and partly because the troops could only pass in
small detachments before the fortress of Akhweri.—
Nevertheless, the Count commanded the army to
cross over to the other hank of the Kur, and he
took up a position before the fortress of Achalzik.
• He began this movement on the 17th of August,
under the fire of the enemy, which he did' not re-
turn. When he found himself three .wersts beyond
the Kur; he was compelled to grant some repose to
the.soldiers, who were exhausted with excessive fa-
tigue, and oppressed by, the intense heat of the wea-
ther. The Turks, confiding in their immense num-
bers, believed themselves secure froM any assault
on the part or our troops; yet, after a respite of two
hourS, the Coitirt- vigorously' attacked them, broke
through their close-pressed cOlumns, and pursued
his advantage amtii he saw himself within cannon
shot of the castle.ofAchaliik,.on,the western' side.
For
.some. time the Itussians were left in,tranquillity
by the enemy, but,iowards:six o'clock in the after-
noon, the Turks began to show themselveson the
heights, and attacked our troops with the intention
of flanking us on both .sides. On the right wing,
where 'the enemy had assailed us with four thou-
sand men, four battaliOns of our infantry repulsed
them. Our Tartar cavalry and the Don Cossacks
pursued the flying enemy;ancLgot possession °fame J
of their colours. . theleft wing the` Turks ex-
erted all their:strength against-a redoubt which. our
troops ,had erected .with surprising rapidity; but
here, likewise, a battalion of,the regiments of Erivan
and of Colonel KajewskY,: with two squadrons of
dragoons, and an equal nitrnber 'of ItulanS,, defeated
the enemy," who amounted to 5,000: By night-fall
the Turks were found to fly-in all directions, with a
loss of 200 men. On our- side' 33:Were -Wounded
and 19. killed. The CoUnt employed the night ht
strengthening. his .positioni and surrounding it with:
outworlss. day.and yesterday, the firstbattery
oillY-AAQQ-fatbarXis.
distant 'frola, -the. corejaleted.; This
battery- li'deStiad id "rOteeetht ;.prepllietione;Mak:
inlr Tor the eieite.'' v.;e" Were joined !by
General. Popow- hr's junction Witlrthe Count's`
cerps•d'armeedurd beeninipeded by the garrison of
Akhweri. :Tomorrow the Count projected a re-
newed attack upon the'cOmbined armies of the Pa-
chas, but he has relinquished this design, because
theknunierous cavalry might, cut off his communi-
cation with Imeritia. and Georgia, and it appears
more advisable to confine the enemy in Achalzik."