The Sun.
London, England, 1826-09-23 00:00:00

FRENCH PAPERS.

(From ihd 6-ftrier Francais.)

ON THE TREATY OF GULISTEN, hETiVEEN PERSIA

AND RUSSIA.

Rita; Styr. 19:—The inVincible tendency to aggran-
di:Janet% which pushes the Russian empire towards the
Southern countries, menace; less than Turkey;
and If these two Pbwers had :I?:ettecViderstOod their inte-
rests; for the last two ages so, 'eirwtiintly and narrowly
United, they should hait ssCrificed-their respective preju-
for, the purpose of defend-
dices, sptinging out of ,
ing the cause of Islarrttsi iigainst a airtittion enemy. In-
stead of this conduct, these two Powers, so full ofpride,
and so void of foresight, have inaile,,witr on each other at
all times that it was convenient; for any of the great
Powers ot the. West tti embroil theM against each other.
While Peter the First, profiting by the revolt of the
Afghans, who desolated Persia, invaded, =tar the tildst
frivolous pretext, the frontier I)l64M:es of that empire.
Turkey, so far from succouring her natural ally, thought
only of extending her owh lijnits at her expence,
and thus allowed the Czar to possess himself tran-
quillity of the
.vast territories of Dog-Lestan, Schirvan,
Ouilan, Mazeridaven,and'A.sterabat. There had been,
indeed, some vais in the bivan in support of the party
that advised the path. of honour as well as policy, but these
voices, conscientiously Mussulmen, were overpowered by
the influence of the French Ambassador, M. a Bonnar.—
What interest; then, had France herself in preventing
Turkey from joining
Persia, to oppose a barrier to the am-
bition of Russia ? Was she not the first dupe, in a man-
ner, of Viewing the future absolutely contrary to her inte-
rests ? The provinces cif which we speak, even the cities
of Derbent anti Billion, remained then with Peter the First.
Restored in 17'30y the Impress Anne, to the fortunate
Thomas Kouli4Chati, they were retaken under Catherine,
and ever since trey have been a perpetual subject of con-
tention between the two Powers, Persia being able, at her
pleasure to provoke an insurrection of the mountain tribes
of the Caucasus, and particularly of the warlike popular
tions Cardistan and Leghistan would, for the same
reason, have been able to eternize the quarrel, if she had
known how to have retained Georgia in her in-
terests. But Christian Georgia, in the midst of these
Mussulmen tribes, and constantly at war with the
Turks, as well as with the Persians, adopted the decision
in despair of their cause, to give themselves up to Russia.
Heradius, King of this country, and of those countries
that depended on it, such as Mingrelia and Abhkasee,
made his act of submission to the crown of the bars
in 1783. In spite of the protection of Russia, Teflis, the
capital of Georgia, was taken and sacked, by the Persians
in 1795.

At the same time, Paul the First, being definitively de-
clared direct Sovereign of Georgia, and havirg caused to
be brought to St. Petersburgh the wrecks of the dethroned'
family, Russia had thenceforward, as it were, a fete du pont
over the Persian provinces. The definitive incorporation
of Georgia with the Empire was accomplished under
Alexander. The Ukase of the 24th September 1801,
which consecrates this requisition, had its motives express.
ed in these terms

‘, We have consented to the union of Georgia with
Russia, not for the sake of augmenting our own power,
nor from interested views, but solely for the establislithent
of justice, and for the security of persons and property."
. After the Tre•tty of Tilsit, which appeared to unite, for
a moment Frame, Russia, and Turkey—since the inte-
rests of this last had been specially stipulated for, Persia,
yielding to the solicitations of the English Ambassador,
Mr. Morier, recommenced' hostilities; but this was fruit-
less. Napoleon was dreaming on his part, and, unhappily,
much too late for the party whoni he was to draw away
from this power. He sent, in 1810, Get). Gardane to
Fed) Ali Khan. Already was an European military or-
ganization prepared at Teheran while all these measure*
•were interrupted by the events of 181.4. Discouraged. by
tl►e misfortune► of her new anti powerful ally, Persia abtm-
&med. these pprovinces, which she believed she would nor
be able to defend* wititout foreign. assistance, and the
Treaty of Gulisten wag coniluded.

From this rapid sketch of the events which have inipos-
. ed on Persia the treaty of Gulisten, t.may be judged whether
Russia has redly cause f astwiishment,.. on finding Persia
disposed to break this treaty as soon as she .finds a favour-
'able opportunity. But it may be asked does such present
itself at present ? To resolve this question it would be ne-
cessary to know exactly what is the relations between
Persia and England; what' were the promises made, and
what , the obligations contracted by the latter Power at
Teheran. However things may turn, out, one circumstance
is certain, that-Persia is too sensihle of her military infe-
riority, ever to begin a combat without well knowing on
what resources she Might adculate to support her through it.

To return to the Treaty of Oulisten. It has made
sacred the spoliation of territory, against which Persia
had contended for a hundred years ; and it is at the same
time a treaty of commerce, by which Russia obtains the
privilege of exchanging the produce of her icy regions—
tar; hemp, smoked fish—wretched commodities indeed—
for the exquisite wines, voluptuous perfumes, coffee,
,various kinds of fruits, splendid assortments of silks, rich
cottons, and the precious wool of Persia. And 'what does
Russia give to Persia. for so many advantages now and
hereafter? She gives nothing. What then does she
promise to give ? Oh ! Russia has always plenty of that
—promises. She says that "In ease of need she will lend
her aid and assistance to that son of the Shach of Persia
who shall be named heir to the Persian empire, so that no
foreignour of Peria may be 10l
Powers may
interfere
ifitud by theithPeralaaL and that the
Cassistance of the
commentary Court of Russia." Russia."
Aicnhy
ca
the invidious tendency of
w h
ehnitLeny ofir'oa clause,
tatoubseo'dy, would be quite super 7
&ono. Such then is the Treaty of Gulistm'which the
Persians are accused of having violated. Nevertheless, as
this' violation does not seem to have consisted in any thing
else than the incursions of the tribes of Caucasus, the
ourt of Teheran may be able to give a satisfactory ex-
planation, anti tints exculpate itself from any participation
in the acts of these brigands.

however, this languag ge of good faith, or of weakness,
be not sufficient, it *should be remembered,—and we are
fiee to say so, for his matter of history—it should be re-
membered, that 10nge5,46,--.44-e tyre abiolute submission
of the Tartars of th.e Crimea, when Russia wished to make
war against the Turks, she had always some complaints to
make of the 6rigandage (rapine) and. incursion of the Tar-
tars on her undefined bOundaries. Should we be asked,
how, considering the crisis, as regards her own domestic
affairs, in which Russia is placed, she can think of. war, we
shall only observe, that foreign warfare is frequently a very
good means of avoiding civil war at home.

(From tke Zia'', dated Thursday.)
The following
Grenada on the 29th ofJuly lam,
The conductor of the general correspondence arrived at
htuibeen stated in a Barcelona Journal :
and made and declared
before the public authorities, that about half-past two in
Florida, the heaven being:serene, and
the morning of that
urtyinglttle roaucticeolbneptalnveieedn singleVbYarachlilnd
splendour, all on a sudden the horizon be.
came as bright as lightning. The brightness proceeded
itself in all its
from the north-west, the direction from, which came the
shock of earthquakes that were felt in the course of the
year. Ile could read end distinguish the smallest objects,
a;svitr,eulelkas
withif ithatderbroter;7
411 day.t their heads towards they. The horses stopped as
i
ground. No kind of noise was heard. In the midst of
this fright, he could only observe that the brightness in-
creased Progressively for about two minutes, till the moon
was completely eclipsed, It, then gradually diminished, till
it finally disappeared. The horses then proceeded on their
way, and nothing more was observed but occasional blasts
of burning air, which I, A
.almost took away respiration. The
phenomenon disappeared without explosion, and without
leaving any' kind of smell.