The Sun.
London, England, 1844-03-14 00:00:00

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.
HOUSE OF COMMONS, March 13.

pointed out, and connected with the improvements
which might be suggested by the lion. Members, the
Bill would be as creditable to the Noble Proposer as it
would be valuable to the country.
Colonel WOOD referred to the returns made by the
Tithe Commissioners, from which it appeared that the
number of acres of uninelosed waste land was much less
than had been represented. He protested against
common fields being considered as waste lands,
and he deprecated any measure which would
facilitate their inclosure. In fact, a great portion
of the waste lands was not worth inclosing, and
those lands ought to be kept open for the recreation of
the people. lie thought that, in all eases parties de-
siring to inclose common lands, ought to come to Par-
liament for an Act fur that purpose, and he was sorry
that the Noble Lord, instead of introducing this Bill,
had not moved for a Committee to consider the provi-
sions of the General Inclosure Act, for the purpose of
suggesting means whereby the expense of obtaining In-
closure Bills might be diminished. He hoped the House
would reject the Bill, as he did not think it could ever be
brought to work practically.
Mr. AGLIONBY said there was one point of advan-
tage in this Bill which had not been noticed, and that
would be the saving of time and expense which it would
Cause. This would be a general measure, and, there-
fore, it would save a vast amount of the time of the
House, which would otherwise be consumed before
Committees. He trusted, therefore, that the House
would allow this Bill to go through the second reading.
There was not a clause in it which did not give more
protection to the poor than any Inclosure Bill which had
hitherto passed.
Mr. MILES, on the part of the agricultural com-
munity, thanked the Noble Lord (Lord Worsley) for
the trouble he had taken in this subject, and for bring-
ing this Bill before the House. He should give his Noble
Friend his decided support.
Mr. HUME was afraid that the principle of inclosure
had already gone too far. This principle was of great
importance. It would have the effect of dragging the
poor from their places of recreatioa to seek the means of
recreation on the dusty roads. It was too much to curb
their enjoyments in this respect, seeing that they were
already in a most wretched state at their own homes,
which were in fact nothing but hovels. Ile was de-
cidedly of opinion that this Bill ought not to be allowed
to proceed.
Sir R. PEEL said he agreed with many of the obser-
vations of the lion. Member for Montrose, but would
vote for the second reading of the Bill, that the House
might have an opportnnity of examining the details.
In some cases he thought enclosure would be profitable;
but when they came to inclosure of lands about towns,
he thought they should look with great jealousy to such
a project. lie was in favour of having some wide space,
not only about such large towns as Glasgow and Man-
chester, but in the neighbourhood of small towns con-
taining 3,000 or 4,000 inhabitants. He would not sanction
the rigid application of the principles of political
economy to such lands, nor allow these principles to
interfere with the health, innocent recreation, and moral
improvement of the people.—(Cheers.) lie wished to
ask the Noble Lord if the power of exchanging one plot
of ground for another was not of rather an unlimited
nature and did not require some restrictions.
After a few words from Mr. HOPE, _

The SPEAKER took the chair at the usual hour.

Lord HENNIKER presented a petition from Suffolk,
signed by 5,000 persons, praying fur protection to
agriculture.
Mr. BURROUGHS presented petitions to the same
effect from Norfolk. • ,

Mr. THORNELY presented petitions from the car-
riers of Wolverhampton, Walsall, Bilston, and Kidder-
minster, complaining of the, monopoly which railway
companies had secured to themselves in the conveyance of
goods, and praying the Hou,e to interfere.
Mr. REDHEAD YORKE presented petitions to the
same erect, from Darlington, Hull, and other places.
Sir JOHN JOHNSTONE presented a petition from
Scarborough, in favour of the York and Scarborough
Railway.
Mr. ESTCOLTRT moved that no private Bill for the
construction of a new line of railway, which shall hare
been reported to this House to be a competing line, shall
be read a second time after Friday the 19th day of April
next; that it be an instruction to the Committee of Se-
lection, not to fix the time for holding the first sitting of
the Committee on any private Bill for the construction
of a new line of railway, which shall have been reported
to this House to be a competing line, after Friday the
3d of May next. His great object was to prevent uncer-
tainty and procrastination in the cases of Bills ready to be
presented to the Committee of Selection.—Agreed to.
Mr. 0. STANLEY obtained leave to bring in a Bill
for making a railway from Chester to Holyhead.
DEVIZES ELECTION.

The SPEAKER informed the House that he had re-
ceived a letter from the agents to the petition against the
return of Mr. Ludlow Bruges, stating their intention
not further to prosecute it.
Mr. HAWES presented a petition from the inhabi-
tants of the borough of Lambeth, praying for a reduc-
tion of the duty on tobacco.
COURT OF ARCHES BILL.

Mr. ELPHINSTONE moved the second reading of
this Bill. The Hon. Member said he hoped the House
would allow the Bill to be read a second time, and he
would state the ground upon which he asked them to do
so. There were at present a vast variety of Eccle-
siastical Courts in different parts of the country,
amounting to about 300 in number ; an appeal lying
from one to the other in regular gradation, and finally
to the Court of Arches. This entailed a very heavy
expense on those who were unfortunately entangled in
suits. What he proposed was, that any party who had
the misfortune to be entangled in a suit in the Ecclesias-
tical Courts should, if he thought fit, have the right of
coming there in the first instance, whether he were plain-
tiff or defendant. He did not ask the Right Hon. Ba-
ronet (Sir J. Graham) to allow the Bill to proceed fur-
ther than the second reading until the House had seen
the Bill of the Government, which had been introduced
into the House of Lords.

Sir J. GR AIIAM said he was sure the spirit of ac-
commodation shown by the Hon. and Learned Member,
would lead him to suspend the progress of the Bill.
The principle of the Hon. and Learned Member's mea-
sure, so far from being identified. with the Bill before the
Upper House, was directly at variance with it.
Mr. ELPHINSTONE withdrew his motion, and the
second reading of the Bill was postponed for a fortnight.
COMMONS INCLOSURE ACT.

Lord WORSLEY agreedwith the Right Hon. Baronet
in the utility of having large spaces attached to towns
for the purposes of public recreation, but such a provi-
sion could be easily made in Committee. The Noble
Lord then explained many of the clauses of the Bill, and
added that he had constructed the Bill with as much
regard to the rights of the poor as other Hon. Members,
and thought the proposed inclosures would be the means
of giving employment to many unemployed and indus-
trious poor people. With respect to the power of ex-
change to which the Right Hon. Baronet referred, it
entered into the details of the Bill, and could be satis-
factorily arranged into Committee.
Strangers were then ordered to withdraw, and the
House divided, when there appeared—
For the second reading
• Against it
Majority —47
The House then went into Committee on the Masters
and Servants' Bill,

On the motion for the second reading of this Bill,
Mr. SHARMAN CR A WFORD rose to move that
the Bill be read a second time that day six months. He
considered that the right of the people of England to
enjoy the privileges and rights of common, were of the
deepest importance to them. They were rights enjoyed
from the earliest times of their Saxon ancestors, and
ought to be particularly held inviolable in any new
laws they might pass. Knowing the sufferings the poor
tenants in Ireland endured for the want of these rights
of common, he more particularly thought it his duty to
preserve these rights to the poor of England.
They were held by rights as sacred as
those by which the landlords hold their
estates, and in taking them away they were en-
dangering their own rights. He objected to the
leading principle of this Bill, which was, that the
present possessors of these common rights had the
power of alienating them from their successors.
He thought that the granting the right of voting
under this Bill was fraught with much injustice, because
two-thirds of the value of the holding being required,
and all persons having leases at will, or for only 14
years, were not entitled to the right of ♦oting.
—(Hear, hear.) The Tithe Commissioners were those
only who would be benefited by this measure.
Although those Commissioners might be done away,
yet they were empowered to appoint others in
the place of those now acting, and those
persons would have a salary, although they
might have previous appointments.—(Hear, hear.)
It was quite plain that whatever Commissioners should
be appointed, it would be their interest to promote in-
closures. But it was one of the most important duties
of the House to provide the working classes
with land to occupy them in their leisure hours.
He hoped the Government would take up the subject of
allotments. The Government ought to take care that
they applied the waste lands of this country in such a
manner as to be most beneficial to the people.
The House and the Government must recollect that they
were already charged with class legislation, and they
should be careful not to give additional ground for belief
in such assertion. If they wished to prove to the world
their intention to sanction and support monopoly
they would pass this Bill, which was to give
to the already rich the waste land of the
kingdom. He objected to the Bill on the several
grounds ha had stated, and more particularly
because the present occupiers had no right to decide on
the appropriation of property which belonged to their
successors as well as to themselves. They had no just do
feace for this attempted violation of the right of the exist-
ing and of the future poor of the country; nor could he see
on what principle they desired to fasten upon the coun-
try at large the payment of the expenses attendant upon
such violation. For these reasons he moved " that the
Bill be read a second time that day six months."
Colonel SIBTHORP must support the amendment,
because in the Bill of the Noble Lord (Worsley) he could
see nothing but a great wrong to the poor, a vast pro-
posed expense for secretaries, clerks, attorneys, and 140
clauses which it was most difficult clearly to understand.
He saw that money was to he borrowed from the
Consolidated Fund. He did not know what the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer would say to this. He should
be happy to hear that the Consolidated Fund
was in a sufficiently prosperous state to make those
advances. But how were those advances to be re-
paid? They were to be repaid out of the taxes
levied on the country. They were to be repaid out of
the poor-rates. He thought the property of the land-
owners was already sufficiently burdened without having
an undefined amount of money drawn from their pockets
under the provisions of this Inclosure Bill. He objected to
the powers proposed to be given to the lords of the manor.
He, as a lord of the manor, might profit by them, but he
would scorn to accept a bonus upon such terms. The Noble
Lord had stated that there were 1,358,419 acres of land
in England, and .501,815 acres in Wales, of uninclosed
land, but he had not stated how many of those
acres could be profitably cultivated. He had looked at
the records of the House, and he found that, from 1801
to 1835, no less than 1,919 inclosure Bills had passed the
House, and when he looked at the number of inclosure
Bills which had been passed during the last eight years
he found that no less than 2,015 inclosure Bills had
passed the House since the commencement of the century.
Another objection which he entertained towards the
Bill was, that it encroached on the rights of the poor,
who had no power of defending themselves. The Bill
gave the aristocracy an unfair power, and he was sur-
prised that gentlemen opposite sanctioned the 140 clauses
which composed the Bill. He objected that obstacles
were thrown in the way of the enjoyments and the re-
creations of the poor by this Bill. The Noble Lord said
that the Bill would give employment to the poor, as it
would cause lands which were now uncultivated to be
brought under cultivation, but it at the same time inter-
fered with the rights of the poor. He objected to the Bill
in tote- lie objected to the manner in which it was hur-
ried through the House—to the expenses which it would
entail—and to the oppression of the poor, which would be
the consequence of it. On these grounds he opposed the
Bill,and would support the amendment of the Hon. Member
for Rochdale. if it passed the second reading, he should
feel bound to divide the House on each of the 140 clauses
of the Bill.—(Laughter.)

Sir J. GRAHAM wished that it should pass through
the Committee, pro forma, in order that time might be
afforded for further consideration, which was agreed to.
The Gaming Transactions (Witnesses' Indemnity)
Bill went through Committee, as did also the Three-and•
a-Half per Cent. Annuities, and the Consolidated Fund
Bills.

Lord WORSLEY, in moving fora Select Committee, to
inquire into the mode of appointment, the duties, and
the present system of remunerating.the clerks to justices
at petty sessions in England and Wales, and to report
the evidence, and their opinion thereon, to the House,
said that, as a magistrate, he felt deeply impressed with
the necessity of a reform in the matter. He should
state that, in most of the cases of which he had cogni-
zance, the expenses to the county were enormously
disproportioeate to the fines and imprisonment inflicted.
In one case the fine was only one penny, and the ses-
sional expense of the conviction was 14s. In another
case, in which the fine was twopence, the expenses were
18s. He thought this abuse could be remedied by alter-
ing the system of paying the clerks to the justices of
petty session. He had hoped that Government would
have taken up this matter, and he should not at all
interfere with them ; but if not, he should feel it to be
his duty to ask for this Committee.
After a few words from Colonel SIBTHORP,
Mr. MANNERS SUTTON did not think the Noble
Lord bad overrated the importance of the subject. Ile
would give the Noble Lord this assurance, that the ques-
tion had been brought under the consideration of the
Government, that a Bill was in preparation, and he ex-
pected but a short time would elapse before it was laid
before the House. Under these circumstances, he trusted
the Noble Lord would not press for the Committee.
Mr. JAMES stated, as an illustration to the objection
to the present system, that in the part of the country
with which he was connected, the Bench of Magistrates
had ceased to allow the clerk to be paid by fees, and
now gave him a fixed salary.
Mr. BROTHERTON was glad to hear that the Go-
vernment had taken up the question, and concurred in
the condemnation that had been expressed of the present
system.
Mr. PACK approved of the proposed alteration of the
law.
After a short conversation the motion was withdrawn.
NEW SOUTH WALES.

Mr. FRANCIS SCOTT brought forward his motion
for copies of correspondence, dated the 24th day of Fe-
bruary, 1841, with the inclosures, between Sir George
Gipps and Lord John Russell, relative to the condition
of the licensed occupiers of Crown lands in Port Philip
and New South Wales. In support of his motion he
entered into a statement to show that the present state
of the law as to the squatters of New South Wales, was
the great bar to the improvement of the colony, as it
made the tenure of their lands a matter of great un-
certainty.
Mr. HOPE did not oppose the return, and the motion
was agreed to.
The House then adjourned at Nine o'Clock.

RAILWAY BUSINESS IN PARLIA-
MENT.

Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway and Tyne
Bridge Bill—" for authorising the sale of the Durham June •
tion Railway to the Newcastle and Darlington Junction Rail-
way Company, and for enabling the said Company to make
a station at Gateshead, with a bridge and approaches to con-
nect the said last-mentioned Railway with the town of New-
castle-upon-Tyne, and for other purposes," presented, and
read a first time.

PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS.

(From M. Votes awl Proceedings ef Me Mouse of Commons.)
TUESDAY, MARCH 12.
711 PORT DUTIES.

Motion made, and Question put, " That a Select Com-
mittee be appointed to inquire into the effects of Protective
Duties on Imports upon the interests of the Tenant Farmers
and Farm Labourers of this Country :" The House divided :
MINORITY—AYES, 133.

Acheson, Viscount Evans, William Plumridgc, Captain
Aillonby, H. A. Swart, William • Protheroe' Edward
Ainsworth, Peter kitzroy, Lord C. Pulsford, Robert
Aldarn, William Forster, Matthew Ramsbottom, J.
Bannerman, A. Fox, C. R. RawdonV. D.
Barclay, David Gibson, T. M.,i Ricardo, J. L.
Baring, F. T. Gill, Thomas Rice, E. It.
Bellew, R. N. Gisborne, Thomas Rochey E. B.
D
Berkeley, C. Grey, Sir G. Ross, avid R.
Berkeley,;Captain Grosvenor. Lord R. Scholefield, J.
Bernal, Ralph Hall, Sir B. Scott, Robert
Eternal, Captain Hastie. A. Scrope, G. P.
Blake, M. J. Hatton, Capt. Villiers Seymour, Sir R.
Blake, Sir Valentine Hawes, B. Shelburne, Lord
Blewitt, Reginald Elayter, W. G. Smith, R. Vernon
Bawring, Dr. Heathcoat, J. Standish, Charles
Brocklehurst, J. Hill, Lord:Marcus Stanley, W. 0.
Brotherton, J. Hindley, Char ••• Stanton, W. IL
Browne. Hon. W. Hollond, Itched Stewart, P. M.
Buller, E. Horsman, Edward Stuart, Lord J.
Busfeili, W. Howard. C. G. W. Stuart, Villiers
Butler, P. S. Howard, Lord Stock, Sergeant
Cavendish, Hon. G. howick, Lord Strutt, Edward
Chapman, B. Hume, Joseph Tancred, H. W
Clay, Sir W. Hut', W. Thornely, Thomas
Colborne, W. Ridley Labouchere, H. Towneley, John
Colebrooke, Sir T. Langston, J. H. Trelawny, J. S.
Collins, William Leader, J. T. Tunic'', H.
Cowper, Hon W. Macaulay, T. B. Tuite, Hugh M.
Craig, W. Gibson Mangles, R. D. Turner, Edmund
Crawford, W. S. Marjoribank, S. Villiers, Charles P.
I
Currie, Raikes Marshall, V% illiant Vivian, J. H.
Dalrymple, Captain Mitcalfe, Henry Wakley, Thomas
Dawson, 'I. V. Mitchell, T. A. Walker, R.
Dennistoun, J. Morris,Wavid Wall, C. B.
Oivett, E. Morison, General Wallace, RI
Duff, James Morrison, James Warburton., H.
Duncan, Viscount Murray, A. Ward, H. G.
Duncan, George Napier, Sir Charles Wawn, J. T.
Duncannon, Lord Norreys, Sir D. J. Williams, W.
Dundas, Admiral O'Connell, M. J. Yorke, H. Redhead
Easthope, Sir John Ord, W.
Ebrington, Viscount Palmerston, Viscount TELLERS.
Ellice, Rt. Hon. E. Pattlson, James Bright, John
Ellis, Wynn Pechell, Captain Cobden, Richard
Elphinstone, Howard Philips, G. it.

MAJORITY—NOES, 224.
Aclani, Sir T. D Glynne, Sir Stephen Neville, Ralph
Acland, I'. D. Gordon, Captain Nesedegate, C. N.
A'Court (apt. Gore, M. Newport, Vi count
Alba, John Peter Gore, W. Ormsby Nicholl Right Hon
Antrobus, Edmund Goring, Charles Norreys, Sir D. J.
Arbuthnot, Hugh Goulburn, Henry O'Brien, A. S. .-
Arkwright, Geot ge Graham, Sir J. Ossulston, Lord
Astell, William Granby, Marquis of Packe, C. W.
Begot, lion. W. Greenaway, Charles Pakington,F. S.
Bailey, Joseph, Jun. Greene, T. Palmer ft.
Bantle, Colonel IL Grimston Lord Peel, Sir Robert
Baillie, H. J. Grogan, Edward Peel, Jonat tan
Balfour, J. M. Hamilton, G. A. Plumptre, J. P.
Bankes, George Hamilton, Wm J. Polhill, Frederick
Baring, Hon. W. B Hanmer, Sir John Pollington, Viscount
Barrington, Viscount Harcourt, G. G. Pollock, Sir Fred.
Baskerville, T. B. M Hardinge, Sir H. Pracd, William T.
Beckett, William Hayes, Sir E. Pringle, Alexander
Bell, Matthew HeathcoteoSir W. Rashleigh, Wm.
Bentinck, Lord G. Heneage, G. W. Reid, Sir John R.
Blackstone, W. Henley, J. W. Rendlesham, Lord
Boldero, H. G. Henniker, Lord' Richards, Richard
Borthwick, Peter Herbert, Sidney Ross, Rt. Hon. Sir G
tietfield, Boriah Hinde, J. H. Round, C. 0.
Bradshaw, James Hodgson, Frederick Round, John
Bratnston' '
T. W. Hodgson R. Rous, Hon. Captain
Broadley, Henry Holmes, W. A'Court Rushbrooke, Colonel
Brooke, Sir A. B. Hope, Chart, s Russell, Charles
Bruce, Lord E. Hope, Alexander Russell, J. D
Bruges, W. H. L. Hope, G. W. Ryder, G. D.
Buck, L. W. Hornby, John Sanderson, R.
Burrell, Sir C. M. Houldsworth, T. Sandon, Viscount
Burroughes, H. Hussey, Ambrose Scott, F.
Castlereagh, Viscount Hussey, Thomas Shaw, Frederick
Charteris, Francis ; Irton, Samuel Shirley, Evelyn J.
Cnetwode, Sir John James, Sir Walter Shirley, E. P.
Chute, William L W Jernayn, Earl Sibtherp, Colonel
Clayton, Rice R. Johnstone, Sir John Smith, Abel
Clerk, Sir George Jolliffe, Sir W. Smith, T. B C.
Collett, W. Bickford Jones, Captain Smythe, Hon. G.
Colvile, C. R. Kemble, Henry Somerset, Lord G.
Compton, H. Kriatchbull, Sir E. Sotheron, T. H.
Corry, Henry Knight, H. G. Spry, Sir S. Thomas
Cresswell, A. J. B. Knight, F Winn Stanley, Lord
Cripps, W. Knlghtley, Sir C. Stanley, Edward
Curteis, H. B. Law, Hon. C. E. StewartAJohn
Darner Colonel Lawson, Andrew Stuart, H.
Darby, George Lefroy, Anthony Stott, H. C.
Davies, D. A. S. Legh, G. C. Sutton, Hon. H. X.
Dawnay, W. H. Lincoln, Earl of Taylor, Edward
Denison, E. B. Lockhart, William Tennent, J. E.
Dickinson. F. H. Long. Walter Thompson. Ald.
Dodd, George Lowther, John 11. Tollemache, J.
Dougla,, Sir H. Lowther' Colonel Trevor, Hon. R.
Douglas, Sir C. E. M'Geachy, F. A. Trotter, J.
Douglas, J. D. S. Mackenzie, Thomas Tyrrell, Sir J.
Dowdeswell, W. MacKenzie, W. F. Vane, Lord Harry
Duffield, T. D. Maclean D Vivian, John Ennis
Dugdale, W. S. M'Neill, Duncan Waddington, H. S.
Duncombe, A. Mahon, Lord Walsh, Sir Jelin B.
Du Pre, C. G. Mainwaring, T Wellesley, Lord C.
Eaton, Richard J. Manners, Lord C. S. Whitmore, T.
Egerton, W.IT. Manners, Lord J. Wilbraham, R. B.
Eliot, Lord March, Earl of Williams, T. P.
Emlyn, Viscount Marsham, Viscount Wodehouse, Edmond
Escott, Bichkam Martin, C. W. Wood, Colonel
Farnham, E. B. Marton, G. Wood, ColonelT.
Fellowee, Edward Masterman, John Worsley, Lord
Fitzmaurice, W. Maxwell, Hon. J. P. Wortley, Hon. JohnS
Flower, Sir James Meynell, Captain Wyndham Colonel
Fox, S. Lane Miles, William Yorke, E. 'l'.
Fuller. A. E. Milnes, Richard Young, John
Gardner, J. D.' Mordaunt, Si.;.J.
Haskell, James M. Morgan, Octavio' TELLERS.
Gladstone, W. E. Mundy, E. Miller Fremantle, Sir T.
Gladstone, J. N. Neeld, Joseph Bat ing, Henry

TUESDAY NIGHT'S GAZETTE.
NOTICES OF INSOLVENCY.
__...

J. Whipps, sen., coal merchant, Nicholl-street, Haggerstone.
F. Hornby, Manchester.
T. Bailey, servant, Oxford.

Pontop and South Shields Railway Bill— " for enabling
the Pontop and South Shields Railway Company to widen a
part of their Railway, and to make a branch therefrom, and
fir other purposes," presented, and read a first time.
Epsom and South-Western Railway Bill—read a second
time, committed, and referred to the Committee of Selection.
Croydon and Epsom Railway Bill—read a second time,
committed, and referred to the Committee of Selection.

Newquay Harbour and Railway Bill—read a second time,
committed, and referred to the Committee of Selection.

Barnsley Junction Railway—petition for Bill reported ;
Report referred to the Select Committee on Standing Orders.
Monkland Railways (No. 2)—petition for Bill reported,
and Bill ordered to be brought in by Mr. Lockhart and Mr.
Oswald.

.T. F. Francis, tailor, Sebright-place East, Hackney-road.
C. Cotgreavet jun., law stationer, Chester.

•
S. Haddock, joiner, Nottingham.
W. Wheelwright, commission agent, Leeds.
M. Edwards, tailor, Mitre-street, New-cut.

. • ,
J. Griffiths, miller, Wednesbury, Staffordshire.
J. Davis, higgler, Wolvercot, Oxfordshire.
__ .

J. Clarkson, boot maker, Bradford, Yorkshire.
J. Fletcher, brace bit maker, Sheffield.

G. C. Talbot, cot ton agent, Blackburn, Yorkshire.
R. Arundale, engraver, Leeds.
G. Bradlaugh, miller, Ipswich.
T. Barton, licensed victualler, Burslem, Staffordshire.
J. A. Woolman, fanner, Little Claekton, Essex.
J. Cooper, farmer, Brampton, Derbyshire.
J. W. Robertson, tailor, Wingfield, Suffolk.
W. Bassford, cowkeeper, Liverpool.
J. Chase, grocer, Portsmouth.
H. Williams, butcher, Liverpool.?
W. Andrews, coach trimmer, Winchester.
W. Bunting, butcher, Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire.
T. Wilkins, grocer, Edmund's-place, Lower Wandsworth-road.

The question having been put,
Mr. CURTEIS said he would support the second
reading of the Bill ; but he thought the Noble Lord
showed too much tenderness for the rights of the lords
of manors. He was of opinion that all manorial rights
should be abolished upon compensation being made.
Mr. DARBY said it had been alleged that this
Bill would be injurious to the poor. He doubted
very much whether the rights of common were
of such great advantage to the poor as they
were represented to be. As far as his own
experience went, he must say, that the persons
who lived on the edges of commons were
in the most wretched condition. He would vote for the
second reading, in order to give an opportunity of
having the details of the measure fully discussed.
Mr. COWPER supported the second reading of the
Bill. He said he thought the present mode of legis-
lating with reference to inclosures was a most faulty
and injurious one, and on that ground he approved
of the principle of this measure. It appeared from Mr.
Porter's estimates that there were eight millions of acres
of uncultivated land in this, country of which four millions
were capable of being brought into cultivation. Popula-
tion was rapidly increasing. Some persons looked to
emigration as the only remedy for distress ; he thought
they should look to the cultivation of waste land.
The advantage of being able to feed a pig or a goose—
(" Hear, hear," from Col. Sibthorp)—was very great.
In his opinion, the condition of the poor of this country
was most materially injured by the manner in which the
various Inclosure Bills had been carried out. There
had been a sad forgetfulness in them of what was due
to the poor, and, in the present Bill, he begged to say,
if no one else proposed an allotment clause, he should
endeavour to get one introduced. Another point he
wished to see attended to was this, that there should be
no inclosure under this Bill of the waste lands imme-
diately adjacent to the large towns. There were large
portions of waste land in Lancashire and the West Riding
of Yorkshire, and near to towns. If, always excepting
the lands immediately contiguous to these towns, means
could be provided, in enclosing the other por-
tions to allot plots to the artisan and work-
ing tradesmen, he foresaw, not only in the in-
crease of employment, but in the variation of the
nature and character of that employment, considerable ad-
vantage. He must object to the vast powers given by
the Bill to the Tithe Commissioners, and he hoped this
part of the Bill would be modified. He could not sit
down without expressing his opinion that great gratitude
was due to the Noble Lord (Worsley) for the-care and
trouble he had bestowed upon this subject ; and he was
sure, when altered and modified in the way he had

- - .
Echnburgh, Leith, and Granton Railway—petition for Bill
reported, and Bill ordered to be brought in by Mr. Gibson
Craig, Mr. Rutherford, and Mr. Macaulay.

THE WEATHER.—THE GALES.—On Monday night
the atmosphere was clear and the temperature cold. Wind west_
southwest to north. Shortly after midnight the clouds collected
and the wind became violent, increasing to almost a hurricane, and
which, accompanied by torrents of rain, continued until nearly
seven o'clock. On Tuesday morning, before eight o'clock, it eleered
off, and the sun shone brightly till about eleven o'clock. Shortly
after the wind again became violent, and was accompanied by a
heavy storm of hail, sleet, snow, and rain, and which was
whirled about by the wind into various fantastic forms, but ren-
dering it truly uncomfortable for those who were compelled to
battle with it. Similar storms, though less violent, were re-
peated at intervals up to nearly four o'clock, when the at-
mosphere again cleared ; but the wind having veered to the
north, continued to blow briskly and keenly, and the mercury,
which at six o'clock in themorning stood at 33 degrees, and rose at
noon to 40 degrees, had again receded to 33 degrees. The night
up to nine o'clock was clear and starlight. Whatever may have
occurredon the coast, the craft in the river have not suffered by
the gale of Tuesday morning, in consequence, probably, of pre.
cautionary measures having been adopted. The violence of the
wind slightly retarded the arrival of several of the mail trains.
But few of the Scotch steamers were enabled to arrive in Lon-
don. The Herne steamer never made a worse passage from
Herne Bay, than the voyage to London on Monday. At Gravesend
the storm began at ten o'clock on Monday night, when several fre-
quent and vivid flashes of lightning came from the northward. The
barometer at noon on Tuesday was 29.6.

EXTRAORDINARY LONGEVITY.—" The centenarians
are falling off," says a letter from Konigsberg, published In the
Presse; "we have just buried in this town a veteran of the seven
years' war, named Siehring, aged 108 years. He was born at
Messein, in 1736, and joined the army of Frederick the Great,
after the battle of Torgau, in 1760. He was the last surviving
veteran of the war of seven years who resided at Konigsberg,
wkere a perfect recollection exists of Sergeant-Major Condratowitz,
who died in 1838, at the age of 105, and who assisted as a sim-
ple hussar, under the command of Seydlitz, at the celebrated battle
of Ressbaeh, which was gained by Frederick the Great, against the
French and Austrians united.''
NOVEL METHOD OF EXTRACTING A TOOTII.—A
few days ago a tailor, residing at Lound, near Retford, of the name
of George Grant, was dreadfully afflicted with the toothache.
Well, Mr. Snip, being nigh at his wit's end with pain, and there
being no ♦illage amateur capable of extracting the troublesome
customer, he set his wits to work to get rid of it with the least
possible trouble, and IA the earliest opportunity. At length he
hit upon the following expedient t---He tied a piece of strong
packthread round his naughty masticator, and proceeded determi.
nately up stairs, with his goose in his hand ; having tied the other
end of the string to the goose's neck, he threw the latter with some
vengeance out of the chamber window, the jerk at once extracted
the tooth, which quickly followed She goose into the street; and
the delighted tailor, pleased with the novel invention of his own
brain, soon gathered up tie weightiest implement used in his pro.
fession, and put it to the fire, but left the luckless tooth to "perish
and decay," unpitied and uncared for, in " the desert air."—Don.
cast* Chronicle.

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 14, 1844.

April 9, at one, at the chambers of D. and J. Wilkie, Glasgow.
JOHN CALDER, victual dealer. Whitburn, March 21 and
April 11, at two, at Johnston's Inn, Bathgate.
HUGH BROWN, jun., and CO., ship brokers, Glasgow,
March 16 and April 9, at twelve, at the office of S. M. Penney,
Glasgow.

PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS.
The " Lists for Committees (House of Commons) on
Priva'e Bills" of Session 1844 (Parliamentary Paper,
No. 109) offer no feature of novelty. The arrange-
ments of the lists for the forty counties of England, the
two divisions of Wales, the two sections of Scotland, and
the four provinces of Ireland, seem much the same as
those usually appointed of late years.
BANKRUPTCY.-These returns (No. 5), moved for by
Mr. Hawes, and ordered by the Commons to be printed
on the sth of February, exhibit the amount of solicitors',
and messengers' bills of costs, filed in the London and
District Courts of Bankruptcy since the 12th of Novem-
ber, 1842, under the Act 5 and 6 Vic., cap. 122, and 1
and 2 Vic., cap. 110. They are arranged in six classes.
The first four give respectively the amount of these bills
of costs "in the choice of assignees under each of the
first twenty commissions and fiats registered in the
Court of Bankruptcy in London ; of commissions and
fiats transferred and renewed into such Court ; and of
fiats alone therein registered as to bankrupts resident
above 40 miles from London ;"-the same acts, commis-
sions, and fiats, registered in the several District Courts,
and as to fiats alone directed to such Courts. The last
two are returns of the number of affidavits of debt filed
in the London and the District Courts of Bankruptcy
under the 11th section of 5 and 6 Vic., c. 122 ; and the
Ist and 2d Vic., c. 110, respectively. In the first 20
of transferred fiats and commissions from the country,
after 10th November, 1841, the average of costs to choice
of assignees was-solicitors' bills, 761. each, messengers'
costs, 14/. I Is. In " fiats against bankrupts resident
above forty miles from London, these averages
were, severally, solicitors, 441. 12s. ; messengers,
101. 195." These averages are reported in the re-
maining district returns, as the amounts severally
for Birmingham, of 56/. 35., and 10/. Bs.-of
36/. 10s., and 17/. 19s. ; for Manchester (com-
missions and fiats) of 81/. 75., (no return as to
messengers), of 381. 35., and 151. for solicitors and mes-
sengers under " fiats" only ;-for Liverpool, 24/., (no re-
turn of messengers' costs under first head of return),
and 28/. 6s. solicitors, and 121. messengers ;-for Leeds,
joint average of solicitors and messengers' costs, commis-
sions, and fiats, 721.; fiats 70/.;-for Bristol, commissions
and fiats 79/. ; fiats 46/.; for Newcastle (joint averages),
25/. 25., and 54/. 75.;-for Exeter, average 981. 155., (no
messengers' bills or file, and 691. 9s. 5d.) The other
returns are not complete as to bills of costs. But
the numbers of affidavits of debt filed under 5 and 6 Vic.,
cap. 122, sec. 11, previous to 23d June, 1843, and the
number of summonses issued under the same section by
the various Bankruptcy Courts of London and said
districts, were respectively these-London, 346 and 346 ;
Liverpool, 82 and 92 ; Leeds, 131 and 131 ; Manchester,
83 and 83 ; Exeter, 25 and 25 ; Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
27 and 27 ; Birmingham, 81 and 81 ; Bristol, 43 and 43.
In the Court of Bankruptcy of London there were also
filed under 1 and 2 Vic., cap. 110, sec. 8, affidavits of
debt, 122.

The Bill " for better regulating the Buildings of the
Metropolitan districts; and to provide for the drainage
thereof" (brought in by the Earl of Lincoln and Sir
James Graham, and ordered to be printed, on the Ist
instant) comprises, in its present form, 109 clauses, and
(12) schedules, Ato M. Schedule A, referred to in the
preamble, recites from the several Acts therein men-
tioned, the various provisions made for regulating the
construction of buildings in the metropolis and its
neighbourhood—the limits thereby specified being by
this Bill extended and the said Acts amended. The
preamble sets forth that in many parts of the metro-
polis the drainage of houses is so imperfect as to en-
danger the health of their inhabitants;—the streets so
narrow, in many crowded thoroughfares, that the neces-
sary ventilation is impeded, and risk of accidents from
fire, &c., enhanced;—that many buildings and parts of
buildings used for dwellings are unfit for that purpose;
—that in some populous vicinities works are erected, in
which dangerous and explosive materials are employed;
—in others, deleterious materials are combined, the ex-
halations from which are noxious to human health; and
finally, that much public inconvenience had resulted
from the diversity of practice observed by the officers
appointed under the recited former Acts in carrying
into execution the powers thereby conferred upon
them. The ensuing enactments are specially framed
for the remedy, removal, or prevention of those
evils, the future execution of this Act, and
the superintendence of the provisions and directions
embodied in it, and the repeal of certain former Statutes
applying to similar object. Clauses 1 and 2 are general
provisions and definitions to be given to certain terms
comprised in the enacting clauses. As No. 3 has regard
to the extent of the operation of this Act (in the event
of the Bill passing), it may be useful to particularise
the limits assumed :—" The operation of this Act shall
extend to all places within the following limits : that is
to say—To all such places lying on the north side or
left bank of the River Thames as are within the exterior
boundaries of the parishes of Fulham, Kensington, Pad-
dington, Hampstead, Hornsey, Tottenham, St. Pancras,
Islington, Stoke Newington, Hackney, Stratford, Brom-
ley (Middlesex), Poplar, and Shadwell :—and to such
part of the parish of Chelsea as lies north of said parish
of Kensington ;—and to all such parts and places lying
on the south, or right bank of said river as are within
the exterior boundaries of the parishes of Woolwich,
Charlton, Greenwich, Deptford, Lee, Lewisham, Cam-
berwell, Lambeth, Streatham, Tooting, and Wands-
worth ; and to all places lying within 200 yards from
the exterior boundaries of the districts hereby defined."
Clauses 4 to 12 empower her Majesty to direct, by
Order in Council, the extension of tlese limits, in the
event of its appearing to the latter " expedient, from the
growing increase of the population or otherwise," so to
direct, "to any place within twelve miles of
Charing-cross or the City of Westminster.—Hates
of buildings and thicknesses of walls and footings,
and rules concerning new buildings, or rebuildings, or
sites of former buildings, to be in conformity with the
stipulations and requirements of the several schedules
B to K; such buildings to be under superintendence of
" official referees," in terms of schedule C. Certain
exempted buildings, in conformity with schedule A, to
be subject to special supervision. Buildings not within
any of the herein stipulated rates to be in accordance
with directions of the surveyor. Following clauses
regard modification of building contracts, reference to
official referees, and modification of building leases:
these rules may be modified, generally, by Commis-
sioners of works and buildings. Clause 13 requires
builders, in the case of every new work to be by them
executed, to give previous notice to the surveyors ; the
same in respect of any additions or alterations placed
by this Act under the control of the surveyor; and so,
likewise, as to any party wall, external wall, chimney
stack, or flues, begun to be built, pulled down, re-built,
cut into, or altered; and also before any opening made in
any party walls, under penalty of 201. ; and any person,
professed builder, or private owner, to give notice in a
form specified in schedules, of his intention to build any
house, &c., to the same officer, under a similar penalty ;
like penalty for failure of every similar notice in the
case of continuing buildings, or reparations, &C., com-
prehended in the scope of this Act, where the same have
been interrupted for the space of three months or up-
wards, and recommenced, or the builder changed; and
for beginning of such works without notice, or for re-
fusing to admit surveyors, the like penalty. Clauses 14
to 19 declare what regulations shall be observed as to
"buildings generally," touching time to be allowed to
builders for notifying any irregularity or departure
from directions of the schedules to this Act ;
power, in future thereof, to the surveyor to cut into
such works ; special supervision of- highest rate
buildings, and enactments touching their survey, ap-
proval, or disallowance ; amendments of defects ; grant
or denial of certificates to qualify such buildings to be
used or occupied ; penalties for non-compliance ; right
of forcible entry into buildings, if denied, to surveyor at
all seasonable hours before completion, &c.
Clauses 20 to 38 relate generally to the powers to be
taken in executing works, in relation to or infringing
upon adjoining properties, party-walls, party-fences, and
intermixed buildings. 39 to 43 regard the proceedings
to be taken with " ruinous buildings," as to applications
to be made to the official referee under this Act by paro-
chial surveyor or overseers ; survey to be made ; notice
to Lord Mayor, &c., and overseers ; erection of boards
and notices ; sales of old material, &c., and their dispo-
sal. 44 to 50 regulate the expenses of works necessary
to be erected in certain cases for carrying the purposes
of this Act into execution, and also the means of re-
covering them.
Clauses 51 to 59, under the heading" buildings, use
thereof," are very important. They prohibit the use and
occupation of cellars, or rooms unfit for dwellings, as
lodgings ; the attaching of dog-kennels or pig-sties to
dwelling-houses ; the erection of new houses at a dis-
tance of less than fifty feet from any buildings wherein
dangerous employments are carried on—as the making
of gunpowder, detonating powder, lucifer snatches, or
other substances liable to sudden ignition or explosion—
vitriol, turpentine, naphtha, varnish, fire-works, painted
table-covers, &c.—and such trades, in suck localities, to
be utterly prohibited therein after thirty years from the
passing of this Act. The same as to the vicinity of
newly-erected houses to buildings appropriated to busi-
nesses or trades offensive and obnoxious. There are
enumerated blood-boilers, bone-boilers, fellmongers,
slaughterers of cattle, sheep, or horses, soap-boilers,
tallow-chandlers, tripe-boilers—penalties for infraction of
these enactments.
Clauses 60 to 74 define the duties, powers, &c., of dis-
trict and other surveyors under this Act, their fees, &c.
75 to 81, the same as to the official referees hereby ap-
the as
nature, t o e o
form,
io
ap-
pointed. 82 to 87 the same as to the registrar of metro-
politan
referees'
reg buildings.andistrar.BB9oto
89' th
1
00set out same
and course of legal proceedings, where necessary to be
taken under this Act, the costs to be recovered, mode of
e
recovery, &c. Clauses 101 to 109 are of a miscellaneous
nature, having relation to the case of the immediate
landlord, of part ownership, service of notices, and all
other machinery connected with the operations of this
measure. _

The general scope and objects of the Bill are admi-
rably adapted for the health, comfort, safety, and nn-
provement of our noble metropolis. To particular
clauses there appear to be grave objections, on the score
of too summary process, and a harsh straining of the
existing law. These objections, however, will doubtless
be obviated in the passage of the Bill through the Com-
mittee. It is a Bill which has long been called for, and
will, we hope, go far to keep down the disgraceful shell,
or rather shed building, profitable as it is to a certain
disreputable class of landlords, of which we see so
many examples in the small streets adjoining the south-
ernmost extremity of the Waterloo-road, and the
vicinity of Lambeth-marsh ; and indeed, in all the new
purlieus of brick and mortar which are fast ruining and
disgracing Camberwell, Peckham, the Hainpstead-road,
the High North-road beyond Islington, and other
suburban localities.

LITERATURE.
WESTMINSTER REVIEW, No. LXXX.
Clarice, London, 1844.

The opening article in the present Number of this
periodical, entitled " Shaksperian Criticism and Act-
ing," is devoted to a consideration of the character
of Macbeth and his wife, both of whom the Reviewer
seems to think have hitherto been misunderstood.
His object is to show that the royal usurper has not
the slightest claim on the sympathy of his readers ;
that he is intensely selfish, physically courageous, but
morally an arrant coward; and that instead of being
the victim of fate and supernatural agency, he is the
victim only of his own evil
.passions. This view of
Macbeth—which by the bye IS wholly opposed to that
taken by Hazlitt and Charles Lamb—is maintained
with considerable ingenuity, though we cannot say
that the Reviewer has made us a convert to his rea-
soning. 'We admire his skill and boldness, but we
dissent from his conclusions, more especially as, in his
eagerness to make out his case, he proves too much,
and adduces the testimony of certain passages which
all must see militate against his own view of the cha-
racter of Macbeth. There is some truth in the fol-
lowing remark respecting Mrs. Siddons, though we
fear it will not be very acceptable to her 'admirers :
"It is not a statue-like simplicity, to quote Mr.
Campbell's phrase, that makes the essence of the
Shaksperian drama, but a picturesque complexity,
to which Mrs. Siddons's massive person and sculp-
tured genius were as essentially repugnant as
they were akin to the spirit of the an-
tique. Her genius, it has been somewhere well ob-
served, was, in fact, as she herself seems to have
been conscious, rather epic than tragic, rather didac-
tic than dramatic, rather Miltonian than Shakspe-
rian." " Strafford" is a critical notice of Mr. Ster-
ling's late tragedy on the subject of this celebrated
renegade, which is highly eulogised, but not beyond
its deserts. In " Practical Considerations for the
Promotion of Architecture" we find many service-
able suggestions, chiefly of a matter-of-fact character,
and the article is embellished with several apposite
illustrations—one of which, a view of Wollaton Hall,
Nottinghamshire, exhibits evidences of great skill
and pains-taking. " Earl Spencer and the State of
Parties" is a vigorous political diatribe, in which the
Tories and their leader, Sir Robert Peel, are handled
with little ceremony, and the knout is applied to the
monopolists v% ith the heartiest good will. Alluding
to the Premier's policy, when he first took the reins
of Government, the Reviewer says that history will
not fail to record the damning fact, that, during
twelve months of unexampled distress, he had the
power but not the will to legislate for the relief of
the poor. From an article on the subject of the
" Progress of Art," we quote the following strictures
on Mr. Barry's plan of the new Houses of Parlia-
ment :

" The Parliament houses are, however, the great ar-
chitectural undertaking of the present day. Since the
rebuilding of St. Paul's nothing so splendid has been
attempted in Britain, and indeed, since Versailles, scarce
anything on the Continent can compare with them. We
have also the satisfaction of knowing that the design is
the best of our best architect, and that instead of the
grudging economy that is said to have spoiled so many
of our undertakings in art, the expenditure here has
been not only liberal but lavish ; for had we been con-
tent with a plain, honest brick building, with stone dres-
sings, such as would have satisfied our fathers or our-
selves a few years ago, we might have had all the ac-
commodation the present one will afford, and better ar-
ranged, for 150,0001. or 200,0001., whereas the estimates
for this one already amount to 1,200,0001., and it will not
be finished under a million and a half. Here, then, is at
least a million of money spent on pure aesthetic orna-
ment, a sum that would have restored to their pris-
tine beauty (if we wanted Gothic) every cathedral or
church in the kingdom, or would have established
schools of art and design, with collections of art, in all
the principal cities in the kingdom ; this it has been de-
termined to expend in realising the design of one archi-
tect, and already the nation are beginning to tire of
their bauble before they have got it, and to think they
have paid too much for what they begin to find out will
not be satisfactory when finished. The river front is
now nearly completed, and as Mr. Barry declares it ttle
be the best part of the design, we may safely assert that
the new buildings, though clad in the very prettiest and
best selected Gothic detail, will, when finished, be as
much like the bold, meaning, purpose-like buildings of
our ancesters as the very pretty Swiss peasant girls and
very polite brigands and Albanians of our ball rooms are
like the rough originals. Every building of our ances-
tors expressed in every part the purpose for which it
was erected, and with a degree of richness or simplicity
suited to its destination ; here, with the idea of produc-
ing a grand uniform whole, every part has been made
externally to look exactly alike. The Speaker's house
is the counterpart of that of the Usher of the Black Rod,
and though the latter is obliged to share his residence
with a librarian, that is not to be discovered from the
exterior ; and equal magnificence is displayed in the
apartments allotted to the clerks of the House and all the
inferior offices. Indeed, whether it is the great confer-
ence hall or the public libraries or committee rooms,—
whether it is the Queen's robing room or a librarian's
bedrclbm, each is externally the same ; and whether the
room is fifty feet by thirty, or only fifteen feet square,
the stories throughout are of the same height, unless in-
deed, as has been suspected, some of these fine looking
windows are to be cut into two by concealed floors, a
falsehood no Gothic architect ever was guilty of, and a
meanness which two honest windows would never ex-
hibit."

FLUCTUATIONS OF CORN, CURRENCY,
CONSOLS, from 1790 to 1840.
A new edition of these Tables (which appeared
several years ago) is published by Brooks, 8, Baker-
street, in a small quarto page as before, but with
many dates added to the collection.
6' Judicis officium est, ut res, ita TEMPORA rerum
Noscere."
Canning doubted two things—facts and figures ; and
Sir H. Walpole, when his son took down a book to
read aloud, exclaimed, " Not history ! That I know
to be false." But the span of human life being short,
a comparison of dates insures accuracy by dividing
history into minute compartments, as an artist re-
duces a picture. In the good old days a perfect in-
difference prevailed as to facts, when Gower, for ex-
ample, instructed our forefathers that Ulysses was a
" clarke who learned rhetoryke of Tully, magic of
Zoroaster, and phlilosophy of Plato." Hitherto mo-
netary economists, and even the League, have ne-
glected this crucial test of dates. Surely it is worth
observing that the Bank restriction preceded all ap-
preciable " depreciation " by at least nine years ; but
the year when guineas sold at 245., was the very same
when gold was paid by license to French Marshals
for 800,000 quarters of wheat. Also guineas sold at
285., the identical year when 20,000,0001., mostly in
gold, was sent to Portugal and other subsidiaries. So,
in every case, high price of wheat has ruled with
Manchester riots, and its low or falling price contem-
poraneously with one Bill to enforce rent by removing
land-marks in Ireland, and another Bill for mulcting
labourers of hire (of keep) in England (all for the
benefit of Parliamentarians), yet a reference to
" Bank notes " shows that, if the various corn-laws
failed to keep up prices, it was because, for want of
one-pound and half-pound notes, there was not prac-
tical money and national cash wherewithal. The
American Gold Bill, which preluded their Specie
Order of 1836, is not given in the Tables ; this point
of chronology should be settled, for the " operation "
derives a high tragic interest, as being the cause in
which Sydney " bled."

THE WASTE LANDS INCLOSURE
BILL.
("Rom A CORRESPONDENT.)
The further inclosure of waste lands at home, which
is the object of a Bill now before Parliament, has its
ostensible advantages as well as evils. If there is any
available quantity of good land in England uninclosed,
or if, by means of railway intercommunication, the way
were opened to re-colonise the many fertile, half-culti-
vated districts of Ireland, the inclosure of such territory
might tend to reduce competition among farmers, by
extending the field of employment, and to lessen the
evil effect of the " vested interest" of agriculture, by
increasing the proportion of the community interested
in such an " interest." But it is more probable that,
with the present agricultural practice, the mere effect
of such inclosure would be to increase the demand for
"protection," by increasing the quantity of poor land
to be protected, and to deprive the great bulk of the
farmers' true and only efficient friends, the English agri-
cultural labourers, of their at least nominal common
heritage in the domains of nature.
The British empire, however, embraces something
more than the mere extent Of territory between the
Land's-end and John o 'Groat's; and steam has, more-
over, so annihilated distance, that it were surely wiser
to think of inclosing the vast and rich commons of our
distant possessions, than to run the risk at home of
swallowing up the common property in the already un-
wieldy estates of the English landlord. Our real duty
at home is to carry into practical operation improvements
in agricultural science; such an institution as that now
projected in Yorkshire, under the title of the Land Drain-
ing Asociation, in which the name of Smith of Deanston
is conspicuous, affords the true and only legitimate pro-
tection to agriculture, in the present state of matters in
England. This right cannot be denied to the landlord;
but to create new interests, to open the field for a new
race of yeomen, and fully to developo the resources of
yeoman capital and yeoman industry, we must go to
some distance from over-peopled and over-competitive
England. The truth—the partial truth—of Malthus,
that population is pressing on the means of subsistence
may be otherwise expressed—that enterprise is
over-pressing on the field of investment ; but,
not less true is it that, by means of colonization
—yea, even of re-colonization—the re-adjustment
within the British dominions of the elements of wealth,
the means of subsistence may be made to expand inde-
finitely with the expansion of enterprise and of popula •
tion. Improve, drain, manure our already occupied
lands in England ; at the same time occupy new lands
in all regions belonging to Britain, and, even if Malthu-
sian fears do possess a halfpenny's worth of reason, amid
an intolerable load of assumption, it will be as idle to
guard against a possible earthquake, as to stint our
exertions in this great field, because by and bye we may
find need of a " new world to conquer." At all events.
let us leave room and verge enough, at home, for one
" Victoria Park " for the poor.