The Sun.
London, England, 1844-08-10 00:00:00

411 arrtni _

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1844.

List evening the business of the Session was
brought to a conclusion. The Royal' Assent was
given to a vast number of Bills in the Lords, and
three which stood for a second or third reading were
'very summarily discussed. On the motion of Lord
WOARNCLIFFE, the House adjourned till the 2d of
September.
In the Commons, Sir ROBERT PEEL moved the
adjournment of the House till Thursday, the sth. of
September. This unusual—Motion, of course, gave
rise to a debate. Mr. SHELL brought forward the
State of - Ireland. Lord . JOHN 'RUSSELL,' with-
out pretending to give a summary of
the business transacted during the session,
and, indeed, protesting against the system.
of Lord LvEnunasT, who, for some years, had made
a stirring speech to his partisans and the country at
the cloSe of the session, took a general view of the
most important events which had taken place. He
alluded particularly to the' trial of Mr. O'CONNELL
and his colleagues, to the state of foreign affairs; and
to the peat inconvenience of protracting the session
to such. a tate period.
Sir R. PEEL praised the moderation of the 'Noble
•.Lord, concurred with him on almost every point,
then followed the example of Lord LYNDHURST,
though in a different strain, and gave a
most glowing account of the wonders which lad
"Wen performed, not only during the session, but
during the three years in which he had been in'office.
The motion for the adjournment of the House till the
sth of September was agreed to. The speeches
made by Lord JOHN RUSSELL, and ROBERT PEEL
will be read with interest. They chimed so wonder-
fully together, that the public will not be able to dis-
cover which is Whig and which is Tory. After
some routine business, the House- adjourned 'tit a
Quarter past Eight.

. .
• . At .the dinner given to her MAJESTY'S Ministers by
the Clothworkers' Company, the Master proposed
Prosperity to Ireland," which was responded to
with loud cheers. Lord ELIOT; as the official repre-
sentative of the Sister Isle, returned thanks, and ex-
pressed his conviction that the time was not far dis-
taniwhen the people of Ireland would learn to value
the motives _and intentions of Sir RoBBET PEEL.
We trust the people of Ireland will not be disappointed.
Hitherto they have Only known the motives and in-
%tentions of Tory Governments by acts of the most
ta'eny, by glaring suspicions of their loyalty
and by a system of one-sided justice,
_ reened and:promoted Orangemen, and
ffst.tya *4 the native inhabitants. A new era,
th4l4; 114 .o:sratc 'lanced. The golden age, if it no-
'Mier* tlie •47-es, is to shine forth with all its splen,

dour in the land of " fire and flame," and the . glory
is left to the Conservatives of reconciling that im-
portant portion of the empire to Britislirule: We
care not by whom this great work is accomplished,
whether by Sir Renner Pam. or. Lord 4ostr; Rus-
seLL—whether by the Whigs, or the Tories, or
the.ltadicals—if the work is- only done quickly.
If the Iron Duke, Who, is a native of the-
country„ and the Prime Minister,. who knows the
Irish well, shOuld have the magnanimity to-do jus-
tice -at last to an injured, - a-brave, and a grateful
people, ,the one would .add an additional lustre, and
one still more glorious to this deeds in arms, and the
other would sanctify the desertion of his party in-
granting the Catholic claims., l!s4v.er, had men such
a noble field for legislation. One-third of 'the
I;itantg of the empire are alienated, because they are
not !treated .as . British subjects; on that ground'
alone a cry his been raised,, for repeal, and
that cry, and that marked alienation from Bri-
tish interests may be put down in six months
by a straightforward, uPright, just, and manly policy.
Is this not an honour worth contending for ? And
what a people they have to deal with ! No nation is
more patient under sufferings, no people are more
grateful for kindness, and no
,portion, of the British
empire would be more attached to the Imperial Go-
vernment, if they were only treated with common
justice. Even in their utmosthuMiliation—when the
most savage penal .laws were in existence against
them, when they were treated on the plea of religion
as, outcasts, when the able leaders of the Catholics and
the, whole_ nation, except renegades and the descen-
:dents- of foreign settlers, were excluded from every
office oftrust and honour—they still clung to England,
they, foiight battles, though, enslaved and in the
.utmost extremity dour difficulties, neither the Eng-
lish nor the Scotch troops surpassed the Irish, in the
gloriouS cause of
,defending their
_common country.
When the fate of; .Waterloo ~hupg, on a thread, _when
the formidable attack was made on the British centre,
when a PONSONDY fell, the Enniskillen Dragoons vied
with the ScOtch 6rey,4, and.the.best cavalry of Eng-
la.nd.ineompleting the most illustrious achievement of
that terrible day. They have ever been faithful to
.124. yet they have been treated as aliens. They
have risen against_ oppression, but. they have
never. _sold themselves to :the enemy. Their
hearts with England, yet England has never
responded .to their :claims but on ~COMpUls. ion.
Let us hOPethat_the bigotry of the :dark ages-of Pro-
testantism. is past, that -Catholics are to be placed on
the same footing with Presbyterians, and "that at last
we are to have, not in-name, but in reality, an United
Kingdom; This is the only way to put down repeal
and disappoint the hopes ofour bitterest enemies ; and
if the 'present Government carry, into effect what
they now promise, they would gain' for themselves a
name which would be rendered only more glorious by
the rabid attacks of a broken faction.'

- These are not times in which England can afford to
compromise her own distinguished reputation for public
faith with the :great public of ,the civilised world.
Politieal accidents of a rare and perilous . character,
although they have fallen out in a season of profound
peace,—and even the mere onward March of political
institutions, irrespective of • those, accidents--have
lately developed, in intelligible characters, in some of
the oontinental Governments, -those feelings of ill-
will, of envy, of impatient displeasure at her prosli-
giOns eminence among the nations. which. want bat
the encouragement-of a few favouring circumstances
to become an embodied confederacy against :her.
Wise and , expedient as it is 'in a State to overlook;
oftentimes, hostile tendencies in the deportment of its
neighbours, where those tendencies have not yet---
though sufficiently intelligibleassumed a tangible:
character of- implied or overt offence; there is equal
wisdom in watching vigilantly their bearing in all its
details ; and still more, in its retaining its own vantage-
'ground of greater frankness, and licaiour in discharg-
ing all the functions of its own Government. It
would be in vain to deny 'that 'neither France
nor the, United States_ hive shown any great in-
disposition, of late, to a war with _ us, on pre-
texts of a character, the most false—or on pretensinns
the most egregiously absurd in law and equity—or on
misunderstandings originating in their own unreason-
able jealousy and suspicion. Hitherto it
_has provi-
dentially happened that these dangers have been dis-
sipated before arriving at a dangerous maturity.
France indulged her fierce resentment at Lord PAL-
MERSTON'S so-termed scheme of "isolation," till her
naturally companionaNe disposition, we suppose, re-
conciled her to the resumption of amicable relations
with .her allies. Neither the Syrian question nor the
Gambia disputes, nor the brilliant termination of our
differences with China, finally precipitated France
into those extremities which the acts of her Minis-
,
tiers,.. the clamours of .4 war faction in herLegis...
dative Chambers, and the aspirations of a large
combined: section of her and her Liberal.
parties, sometimes -appeared to have rendered inevit-
able. On the other side of the Atiantic—the fron-
tier misunderstandings copsequent _on the troubles in ,
Canada, the affair. of ,AVLEon, 13oundavy, disputes,
the new Federal Tariff, the.-Texas annexation, and
the Oregon Territory questions—although they fell
Hike ignited shells—one after the other, among the
councils of the two Powers, have been successively,
extinguished;
,or postponed, or thrown over; happily,
without that destructive explosion whiCh has so often
been at •hand. But these frequent hair-breadth
escapes. from the calamities of war .should remind us
that' the elements of the storm which. has passed over
us without bursting, are still careering about the
political horizon; , and that since no man can tell
whether they will he presently dissipated, or may
yet reunite and walk's with their tempestuous visi-
tation, it becomes us to have , all our preparations
completed and ready. Among the most enduring and'
certain of the sesourcei on which, 'under Providence,
we
,can at all times rely, is that national good faith
whose moral inflpence on the opinions and the friend-
ship of other kingdoms, in the unhappy event of an
. European war, will be worth more than the accession
of foreign fleets and armies to our own materiel and

• Under this conviction of the sound poliey—(to put
the moral duty on no higher footing)—of maintaining;
in all departments of the ExecutiVe, as well as of the
Legislative, this- principle of 00d :faith inviolate to
the utmost possible, extent,. we have remarked with
pain (as we intimated• in a former article) the per-
vading tone of the Commons' Report on the Post-
office. The Department of Posts is the most sacred
trusteeship which• the confidence of its native subjects,
and the necessity of their foreign correspondence,
devolve upon the State. It would be difficult to estimate.,
the extent or degree to which , the reputation and
influence Of Great Britain have been carried, in the
'estimation of other countries, .during the last. half
century; by the general credit' which hasbeen given
to her for the'integrity•with which she has adminis
tered this trust—of:4v deliOaeY, and yet an import-
ance so difficultfully toatipreciatef somuch more diffi-
cult adequately to describe. There was something of the
-venerable , distinction of our hereditary "German
faith" about the unhesitating confideride with which
from one end'of Europe-to another:--Lnay, from, the
remotest corner of the habitable.world with which
even the relations. of our • unlimited commerce have
ever connected us—any man has been, heretofore, will-
ing to confide, under his awn seal and superscription,
the most momentous communications that could
effect his 'fortunes, honour, liberty--even his' life.
From the odious, but admitted espionage which
polluted the Post Biireaux, of France, and so many
other States, the experimental appeal to the sacred
inviolability which presided over that of England had
long passed into a proverb. We. are compelled to
'admit, that " the Committee of Secrecy," appointed
by the Commons, have rudely, but pretty-effectually,
dispersed to .the winds ill the Totnance of this im-
pression ! Yet we, trust that the power of public
opinion, here, will henceforth embody and consecrate
as an administrative fact,., that inviolability which
now turns out to have • existed, • hitherto,
as a theoretical rule indeed, but subject to
very: grave,, though not numerous, practical ex-
ceptions: The Secret Committee set 'out by pro-
proposing, "in preference to , discussing the purely
legal question, how, far the statute. of..Niisrs, in recog-
nising the practice, ..on the part of the Secretaries of
State, of issuing warrants to open' letters, 'rendered
it lawful for the Secretaries 'of 'State to
i-sue such warrants'-to
give ihe history of
this practice." We will' not -go to the
extent-• of' differing. " tpt? cmi?" 'from the
Committee in their appreoiati?4,4tha,dutltliey lad

sense.

to discharge to the House ; but with all deference, we
subitit that it was more than this barelegal question
they had to inquire into. The, terms of their appoint-
ment regard an inquiry-1. Into the state of
the law-2. Into the mode of exercising the
authority given under that law—and 3. A state-
ment- of their opinion and observations there-
on." Now we care, for the present purpose, as
little for any law, terms can authorise
-or -sthi4tion so- vile and:datigerpus,- ;and dishonest,
a practice as the opening of sealed letteri in her MA.-
JZIITT'S Post-office, as that noble and distinguished
judicial alithority Which intimated the "Other day that
An action could be brought for every letter so opened,
to which specifically and epa ra the warrant issued
did nbeapply. But 'We do care 'much—end it • im-
ports the honour and good faith of this country much
to see' hoW" a.-Secret CoMmittee of the House of
• •
Cdthmoni express their " Opillitills," atid to note their
" observations "-on this practice, as well as this sta-
tute laW. - - • ,
And.what area the words in Which they discharge
thethiel4ei of this pert of "their commission ? The
concluding paragraphs of_ their report, which should
embody both " opinions" and " observations," so far
as its nicely-balanced negatiVei and affirmatives
leave any pesitiVe.resnit,to be examined, Ape's not
even denounce the practice upon principle Upon
grounds of expediency the Committee more than jus-
tify it, as their- Own language will show. From the
time .of the ED*ARDS, to the appointment of Sir
Baratv Timm as a TiasiVostrpastpr-qeneral,, in 1533,
and thenceforward through all the remaining period of
the reign of the Tunoite, the
,§rus.ars, and the Cnin,
monVvialth, the reigns of WILLIAM, Aruse, and the first
two:GiORdES ; we would, against our prepossessions
that no compromise of i'great principle can- ever ,be
admitted in cases of this- sortr-concede, for the sake of
argument, the plea defensive set up by the Commit-
tee. This regards the incessant State perils, demand-
ing 'extraordinary facilities of information for the.
Executive, of. frequent disputed successors ; , the.
Crown's jealousy of appeals to; and communications
froth, the 'intriguing Court .af Rome; the unprin-
cipled struggles for the control of the balance
of power' betWeen'iliNiy; cnAiLls, and FILAN cIS ;
•
the, iithSequent religious and political fends
of the reigns_ ef,Meiq, ELIZAUETII, , the
,SruAaws„
'and 'the; Commonwealth; the claims of the Preten-
der's- under AN:is" and the GEoacei,- &C. But we
never can allowthe,equal cogenciof theie" reasons of
State" 'sifter .the accession of gionoz in. The
''French Revolution, indeed, -and the" itteinptitf :the
successive Governments .which wielded the resources
of France, to the rupture, of. the -piece of Amiens,
suggested other views of the. question to a suc-
cession of English Ministers of all parties, who,
used this; power, unhesitatingly. But even they
held some Sho,w ofreasen, which the present govern-
ment, or any of its predecessors since the accession of
GEORGE the ,Fonarn, cannot pretend to. Whet if
continental Sovereigns, ofir allies, have reason to be,
lieve that discontented, subjects of theirs who have
sought the Usilnm, and, receiyethe protection of this
country, are cbmbining and plotting to dethrone
them or prejudice- their. power.? That is no sufficient
reason' or our violating, in their case, that principle
of our common law, which hold's no man amenable' for
opinions not published, or for acts, though calculated
to prejudice stich foreign potentates in alliance with
usi se long as they are not overt ones, or are not
otherwise in :violation Quzam's peace
,or the
laws of the realm. When was it ever- heard that a
department of the English Government should'vdlim-
tarily -convert itself into e detective police commis-
sion, •for, the behoof, or at the request, of a foreign
Power ? We blush for, and ,we protest against, 'such
a conclusion on such a. subject, as the Committee
records in these sentences
"If the result of this inquiry had been such as to im-
press your Coinmittee with a conviction of the im,
poitance of the frequent use of thin power in the ordinary
administration of affairs . . . they would have been pre-
pared to recoinmeild some legislative measures for its .re
gulation and control ; and it might not be difficult to de-
vise regulations which would materially diminish the
objections to its exercise.

" It is, however, on the other hand, to be considered
whether any legislative measure of ' this kind Might not
hare an indirect effect in giving an additional sanction
'to the poWei in 'questiop, and' hereby possibly extending
its use.
"Under these circumstances, it will be for Parliament
•to Consider: 'whether they will determine upon any legis-
lative regulation, or whether they will prefer leaving the
powm on ice prownt footing in point of leer, in tho hands
of the Secretary of State, to be used, on his responsi-
bility; in those cases of emergency in which, according
to the best of his judgment, Its ersrcise would be sanc-
tioned.by an enlightened public opinion, and would ap-
pear to be strongly called fur by'. important public !in-
terests.".

This doctrine and this " opinion". are not English,
nor common law; nor common equity; nor common

Intelligence has been received from Madrid to the'
2d instant,: The troops, were again under arms: on
the night'of the Ist instant, but the cause is not as-
signed. More arrests had taken place. Barcelona
papers of the same dete have been received, but they
bring no additional infnrmation respecting the con-
spiracy
,which.was said to be in contemplation in the
garrison. ' • ,

'MADRID Bonasv, Atm. I.—Three per Cents. 27
for-cash, and 271 at 60 days. Five per Cents. not
quoted.

The accounts in the Paris papers from Morocco
are, on the whole,, more favourable; and it was gene-
ralty anticipated that the EMPRROR would accept the.
, ultimatum of France. If, we are to believe the. Globe,.
a Government journal,-however, :he is prepared to go
further, and torn his arms against Ann-ar.-Kannsr.
",W iillont having lost anything of its gravity," it-
says " the affair of Morocco has assumed quite a new']
rappearance. The. Emperor MUM ABDRRIRAMA?I,.
1
seeing himself blockaded by sea and,seriously menaced
onshore, has finished by perceiving that his situation
was very,eritical ; and what ,was difficult to be fore-
seen, he has suddenly taken an energetic determina-
tion, and has declared war against ARDBL•KA2I/11.,
:A considerable larrnY, commanded, by his son, is
already in full march against the Emir. On his side
ATID-131‘;•KADER informed, it would appear, of the de-1-
Signs of,theEr rt zao with regent to him, had already-
taken a similar reselutiqn. t the head of as many
of his partisans as he. could get together,,he has him-
' self taken a hostile attitude in regard to the Eureisol,'
and has arrested and put to death two courier's
charged with orders fpr different points of the empire
It is therefore untrue,, as stated by several journals,
on the faith of the- Semaphore of Marseillei, that the.
EmessOrt, yielding to a national and religious Move-
ment, lad himielf preached a holy war. The good-
intentions of the Emperor of Morocco were never
doubtfuil, and he was confirmed by England in the
jnstice and moderation of the demands 'of France,
and, .of the necessity of yielding to -them."
The :fother •papers :make no allusion to such
ati event; but the following -atateMents in' the-
YoUrnal des'Pekii lead ;to 'the belie that affairs
.are in .a fair :train-
.for settlement :—" The Governor
of Tangiers -has published an• edict'forbiddin'g' any-
in:gult to be-offeied them, bUt such ediets are quite
against the passions of -fanaticism. The
.English Consul is still up the country, endeavouring
to see' the Snizirt and 'his Ministers, that he 'may,
urge them to eedept the ultimatum of France. The
English, VicerConsul remains at Tangiers,. but all the
families 'of that nation have taken their departure.
This general retirement of the Europeane has as-
tounded" the Moore, 'and made them reflect OR the
consequences of a final rupture. The correspondence
of 'the Sud, of •Marseilles, announces that an
armistice had been concluded on the 19th ult. on
the froUtier. The Haketn, or Civil Chief, of
Ouehda, is said- to hive proposed to Marshal
ozaun -to -occupy the town with some of his troops
psi protection, but that. t,be Marshal declined this,
Unless the- Hakera would engage to keep the town
supplied with provisions' from the tribes of the Angadi
who were to undertake the 'transports from Tlemcen
to Ouchda, on being assured of due payment. The.
new CAW, Sini-Haurna-Bin=ALl, had .written to '
the Marshal offering his aid in establishing peace and:
order, to which.the Marshal replied by an invitation-1
to him to come to the camp of Maghreint to a
.conference. As this intelligence is certainly pacific,*
.the withdraWal of the Consul "General may appear
.strange; hut, we have already explained. in our yes-
terday's account, thecanses of these two different po-
sitions, which otherwise would appear contradictory
The SurraN arriveokon the 12th at Rabat; on hie way
from Morocco" to rez for Mequinez. He must have
received tinttvitiptectuffe relating to AzDlue4sizati: