The Sun.
London, England, 1845-01-30 00:00:00

ROYAL MARINES.

WOOLWICH, JAN. 28.—A general court-martial, com-
posed of the following members:—Colonel Mercer,
Royal Marines, President; Lieut. -Colonel Powell, Royal
Marines; Major Andrews and Major Armstrong, Royal
Artillery; Captain Phillips, Royal Marines; Captain
Dupuis, Captain Grant, and Captain Frazer, Royal
Horse Artillery ; Lieut. M'Killop, Lieut. Congden,
Lieut. Fraser, Lieut. Marriott, and Lieut. Louis, Royal
Marines, assembled at eleve❑ o'clock A.m. to-day, in the
officers' mess-room of the Royal Marines, in the west
square of the Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich;
Lieut. and Adjutant Varlo officiating as Deputy Judge-
Advocate.
On the opening of the court, the following charges
were preferred against Sergeant Zechariah Baker 36th
company of the Royal Marines:—
First Charge—For disgraceful conduct in having, at
Woolwich, between the Ist of November, 1844, and
the Bth of January, 1845, embezzled or fraudulently
misapplied, or caused or suffered to be embezzled or
fraudulently misapplied, certain sums of public money,
as hereinafter stated, intrusted to his care, for distribu-
tion in payment, or to be otherwise accounted for by him
in his capacity as pay-sergeant of the second grand di-
vision, or third and fourth parade companies of the
Woolwich division of Royal Marines, and fur which the
said sergeant was receiving a pecuniary allowance from
Government, in addition to his military pay, the said
sums of money being more or less as follows :-
1. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of third parade-'
company for December, 1844, 91. 4s. 7fd.
2. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of tho fourth
parade company for December, 1844, 121. 9s. 3d.
3. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the third pa •
rade company from the Ist to the 7th of January, 1845,
inclusive, a lis.
4. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the fourth
parade company from the Ist to the 7th of January,
1845, inclusive, 81. Is. 4 qcl.
5. By arrears overdrawn for Dec., 1844, 1/. 12s.
6. By cash received from Sergeant William Johnson,
of 36 M company, on account of division, and not re-
turned to paymaster, 11. 10s.
7. By amount of stoppages supplied between the
30th of November, 1844, and the Bth of January, 1845,
121. 6s. I lid.
8. By cash received from private Philip Dailey, 32d
company, and private John Hicks, 24th company, for the
purchase of slops and not accounted for, 2/. 19s. :id.
9. By cash received from private John Clark, 28th
company, for slops issued to him, and the amount not
credited to the quarter-master, li. 15s. Id.
Second Chaige—For having, at Woolwich, on or about
the 7th of January, 1845, when the accounts of the
second grand division were called for by the Paymaster,
absented himself from his duty without leave, and con-
tinued to be so absent until on or about the 10th of the
same month, when he re appeared and was placed in
confinement.

The whole of the witnesses were examined to•day, but
it would be premature to give the proceedings until the
decision of the Court is promulgated in orders.

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH ON THE
SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY.
The first trial of the electric telegraph on this line,
constructed by Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone, the pa-
tentees, for the joint use of thu Admiralty and the South-
Western Railway Company, between Nine Elms and
Gosport, a distance of 88 miles, took place on Friday
last. Several of the Directors of the Company and
scientific gentlemen were present .on the occasion. On
hearing that the suspension of the conducting wires was
completed, Mr. Cooke left London by the three o'clock
train, and stopped at Bishopstoke, 72 miles. He then
proceeded by the next train, and the hour was occu-
pied in carrying the wires into the office at Gosport,
on the branch line ; so that it was only at a
before ten o'clock that, all things being ready,,
obtained, mhien ue minutes
of
f patched
anxiety theelapsed
first signal
before to L eanadyo n .r
oFplo; r
wasor file
when his assistantianving London esxicouep beforesedhis
the fire!inatten-
tion
on the ground of having
The signals passed with the utmost precision, and a long
conversation passed with his London correspondent over
the intervening distance of 88 miles. Confidence in the
system of insulation was thus preyed ; the experiment
never having been before tried until 72 miles were com-
pleted, when the apparatus was applied at Bishopstoke
about a fortnight back. Directions to his London
assistant to start for Gosport by the first morning's train
s
closed the correspondence for the
night. Professor
Wheatstone abouts()r
Wheatstone joined, by appointment,
at Dine-elms,
an d s o e
and
Gosport.signals
tthweeilrvetinigehxtt mbeotrwnielgeln, London
Wheatstone's experiments no perceptible time was occu-
pied in transmission. Among many others the following
inquiries and answers, preceded by the ringing of the
alarum, occupying about four minutes, were made at the
request of one of the company's officers:—" Q. Have you
any mackerel fur to-night's goods train ? A. No, they can-
not catch them now. Q. Why not? A. Because the nights
are moonlight, and the fish see the net." Other com-
munications respecting the shipping took place. Subse-
quently the professor's new magneto-electric telegraph
was brought into a long circuit of wire, and worked to

KILLING NO MURDER.
(From the Church and State Gazette.) •
By the publication of the pamphlet so named, the
hardy usurper of the Government of England is
known to have been frightened to death. The lite-
rary ammunition of the French Jesuits has worked
an infinitely worse fate upon M. Villemain, the
late Minister of Instruction. It has robbed him of
his reason. His sallow, grimly-smiling foes may re-
joice that they have for ever crippled one of the stout-
est, and, withal, one of the fairest opponents that their
superstition had ever encountered, or had to contend
with in France generally; and since the pending
struggle between the University and the Government
in particular.
Our readers are aware that this struggle is for the
management of the education of the people. The
clergy wish it to be entirely surrendered to the
Jesuits ; the University claims a certain share for
itself; but it is willing to allow a freedom of choice,
and to leave to parents the liberty of educating their
children as may seem most fit to them. The Jesuits
will have everything or nothing—and they charge
the University with teaching infidelity. The latter
stand firm by their more moderate pretensions, deny
the charge of infidelity, and fling in their accusers'
teeth the accusation of falsifying religion, exalting
superstition, and teaching a lie. Both sides have some
foundation for their respective charges, and therefore
we contemplate either party but with indifferent in-
terest; and we should probably have left them to con-
tinue, unnoticed, their internecine war, but for the
record we have to make of the fall, on the side of the
University, of the most honest man in the two con-
tending factions. We regret to hear that there are no
hopes of his recovery.
M. Villemain, though what is called a good Ro-
manist, was nevertheless, as we have said, a bitter foe
of that ultra-party in his Church which is striving to
revive a new superstition, and to give life and power
to a long syncopized tyranny. This party, in spite
of the decree of banishment fulminated against them
in 1830, not only have settlements in France, but
have been quietly allowed by their ecclesiastical su-
periors to assume the direction of the theological in-
struction throughout the kingdom. In endeavouring
to add to this the uncontrolled direction of general
education, they have well nigh made shipwreck of
their projects; but they may be said to have sold their
disgraces dearly by the destruction of such an enemy,
as they found ever active and daring before them, in
the person of M. Villemain.
This gentleman had reason to think that his life
was in danger; and, though his suspicions were ridi-
culed, and his fears laughed at, yet the excitement
caused by the proofs which he held of the good foun-
dation for his fears, added to that arising from intense
application to the duties of his office, and to domestic
trials of an unusually grievous nature, became too
much for his strength, he sank into " turbulent and
dangerous lunacy, and became a fearful spectacle
to men,
" Who saw his aoble and most sovereign reason,
Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh."

The cry of his enemies at this spectacle is something
like in words, as it is in sincerity, to the speech of the
royal assassin to the ghost of the victim whose death
he had compassed rather than executed. " Thou
can'st not say that we did it!" is their sullen shout of
defiance, when the eye of an accusing man falls upon
them. Neither do the public, nor do we, charge
them with the crime, directly. But that they have
been the remote cause of so terrible a result is as
clear as it is incontestable. And not so remote
either. We need not go so far back as the age
of Clement and Ravaillac to show that the
Jesuits teach, encourage, and reward public and
private assassination. We need not refer to the
accusing " Provinciales" of Pascal ; nor to the
theory of the duty of manslaughter inculcated by
Mariana ; nor to any, even modern revelations, of
the past deeds of a society so " damned to everlasting
fame." The sensitive mind of M. Villemain would
probably have been but slightly affected by these
things, but that he was aware that the class books of
the Jesuits, published for the instruction of the
young of our own day, inculcate principles subver-
sive of all good, and show how murder may be not
only expedient, but moral.

For our own parts we desire to have nothing fur-
ther to do with the question, than to show that that
order of men, for whose lawfill and public appearance
in the field of Irish agitation Mr. O'Connell is so
anxious, and even " his Grace, my Reverend Lord"
Dr. Murray is scarcely less so, are at this hour teach-
ing that the commission of crime may be a virtue, and
,that things condemned of God may be legalised in the
immoral code of man.

To do this, we need only state that we have seen
passages quoted from a work which will amply estab-
lish all that we have advanced. This work is entitled

" Institutiones Philosophicte ad usum Collegiorum et
Seminariorum Auctore J. B. Bourier, Episcop6
Cenomanensi. Sexta Editio. Parisiis, 1841."

We only request our readers to observe the
date of this book, the episcopal authority
under which it is given to the world, and
the establishments for which it has been expressly
composed. Then let them remember that Louis Phi-
lippe is looked upon by the Jesuits as an usurper, and
Henri of Bordeaux as their lawful Prince ; and, with
this memory upon them, let them read the following
passage without indignation, if they can
"Faithful subjects are bound to obey their legiti-
mate prince" (the Due de Bordeaux ?) " as far as
ypAhotiul trhphrete
he demands their obedience and thinks it useful ; for
they are not, by the mere fact of usurpation, looeed
alfsgrolasmifnusltthpertiihrnecoea:tshucaopffeorre,s,aid(L allegiance.
to take itteaek,
ieobfa
armsttthlee
ti
sh
with him, conquer, and expel him, if they
can. And
more, they ought to put him to death privately (or)
as a public malefactor, if the lawful prince expressly
orders it."
Such' is a single passage ; and, as if it were not
sufficiently explicit in making murder easy to the
meanest capacities, an author, under the soubriquet of
" Un Solitaire," writes a commentary upon assassina-
tion ; recommending the theory as one palatable to all
men, though some may hypocritically deny it ; and
advertises his " Killing no Murder,' on the ohurcla
doors of the French metropolis!
We have seen passages of even greater atrocity than
the above, cited in foreign as well as in English publi-
cations. But we forbear to reproduce them here, in
the hope of having leisure to consult the original
works, and to be enabled to show from them that the

civil assassins of Thuggism have a corresponding
brotherhood in the religious murderers of Jesuitry.

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.—The Sailian Professor
of Astronomy proposes to begin a course of elementary
lectures on Thursday next, the 30th instant, at two
o'clock. Gentlemen desirous of attending are requested
to call upon the Professor on Tuesday, the 28th instant,
between the hours of one at.d three;.—New Coll%e•lane,
Jul, 25, 1845.

---- ---
perfection through 288 miles. The apparatus dispenses
with the batteries altogether, a steel magnet being the
source of power. The Admiralty are to have a pair of
there machines, and a pair of Wheatstone's pointing
telegraphs for their distinct use. For railway purposes
Mr. Cooke prefers his " two needle telegraph," and in
this opinion Professor Wheatstone agrees, as its rapid
colloquial questions and answers character is perfectly
adapted for railway exigencies. There is a good deal
of pt.inting to be done on the line, which will require
fine weather and some days to complete. As soon as
that is done the apparatus will again be worked, and
two wires placed at th'i command of the Lords of the
Admiralty; the other two, with the branch telegraph
to Southampton, will remain in the Company's hands
for their own railway purposes and the use of the
public The result of Friday night's experiments were
considered rather unsatisfactory, as the state of the
weather was most unfavourable to insulation, the pests
thoroughly wet, and the wires strung with myriads of
drops of water, sparkling like gems. The following
day was fine, and though the points of connexion were
all wet, nevertheless the insulation was excellent. With
the last experiment Mr. Cooke is prepared to accept a
challenge to lay down a telegraph from London to Fal-
mouth, Liverpool, or Edinburgh, without any inter-
mediate stages. The last practical difficulty is overcome
by the present system of insulation, and Mr. Wheatstone
need only add a letter folding and sealing apparatus to
his printing machine to prepare the communications
for the Post-office. This is the result of Messrs.
Cooke and IVheatstone's invention, after eight years'
perseverance, and it would be idle to suppose
that the commercial world will long neglect the
power this invention is capable of conferring on the
commercial capitals of Great Britain, by laying their
closer contiguity as regards their commercial intelligence
and transactions, seeing that by it may be made known
on 'Change, at Liverpool, or in London, every fluctua-
tion of price and every bargain in stock or shares, within
two minutes of the transaction being closed in either
place. The entire cost of the telegraph between London
and Portsmouth, is 24,0002, to be paid in equal propor-
tions by the Admiralty and the Company, and negotia-
tions are being entered into with Government for laying
down sections of it en the Chester and Holyhead line,
now in course of construction. On Tuesday, at the
annual conversazione of the Society of Arts, the ap-
paratus was exhibited, worked by Mr. Cooke and Mr.
Rowland, his assistant. In the course of conversation
Mr. Cooke stated that the invention, by a sight
modification of the symbols, might be adapted to an
almost endless variety of uses : that by means of the
galvanic process conversations might be sustained unin-
terruptedly between Liverpool and London, that musical
compositions might be transmitted with exactitude from
one place to another, and that even games of chess might
be conducted between players in two distant districts.
On Tuesday, the words " Liverpool" and " Adelplai"
were described by the manipulate on the dial, and tele-
graphed by means of the wires, to an assistant operator
at the other end of the room, who immediately an-
nounced the import of the communication. In cases
where express accounts of public events are required, the
invention promises to be invaluable, since it is calcu-
lated by the patentee that were a telegraph to be laid
down between Liverpool and London, accurate reports
of speeches might be transmitted from either place, and
be put in type and circulated long before any express
train could possibly make its arrival.