The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-11 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

The Queen and Prince Albert, and their illus-
trious visitors, took their usual walks at Claremont
yesterday and on Monday. The Prince left Clare-
mont yesterday afternoon attended by Sir Edward
Bowater, for Windsor Clistle, to attend the funeral
of her late Royal Highness the Princess Sophia
Matilda.

Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and
the Princess Royal were. taken their airings yester-
day and ea Mtadir,at Claremont.
A deputation from the Dublin and Drogheda Rail-
way and Dublin and Belfast Junction Railway, con-
sisting of Mr. Henry Hutton, Mr. Wm. Evans, Mr.
Robert Hutton, Mr. D. Darbishire, Sir J. Macneill,
and Mr. Peter Eckersley, had an interview with Lord
Dalhousie yesterday, at the office of the Board of Trade.
Colonel Brownlow transacted business yesterday
with Lord Dalhousie.

The Marquis of Downshire, and a deputation from
the Newry and Enniskillen Railway Company, had
an interview with Lord Dalhousie yesterday.
A deputation from the West Yorkshire Railway
had an interview with Lord Dalhousie yesterday.

Baron Rotitschild has become the purchasfr of
the whole of the red deer belonging to the late Hon.
Charles Stuart Wortley. - The herd was last week re-
moved to the Noble Baron's seat in Bedfordhhire.
TILE WEATuka ix PAltiA.—The winter has set in
very vigorously in Paris.- At-six o'clock in the morning
of Saturday the thermometer indicated 7 deg. 2 min.
(centigrade). In 1838, the coldest winter experienced
in Paris since 1829, the same thermometer descended to
19 deg. at the Observatory. The river freezes at 9 deg.
The snow which fell at the beginning of the month occa•
sinned obstructions to the traffic on the railroad. Be-
tween Rouen and Pont• de- l'Arche the snow that co-
vered the rails was So • hard, that the trai❑ had
to stop in the last 'station- until the arrival of a
second engine. The mails from' Lyons, Geneva, Mar-
seilles, Havre, and Striisburgh, reached Paris many
hours after their usual lime. An immense number of
migratory birds have of late been observed to pass over
the towns situate along the Channel, particularly wild
ducks and geese, curlews; plovers; Bm—a Circumstance
considered by the inhabitants as the sure sign of a
rigorous winter. _ _ _

DialtiolacAL AcT.---:On Tuesday night last some
evil-disposed person tied a:rijpe across the high road, at
a place c,dled Cat's• hill, in this county, with the inten-
tion, no doubt, to cause mischief. It appears, that on the
same night a son of Mr..Wrenn, fishmonger, Ware, hap-
pened to pass down this hill in a cart, and being unable
to perceive the obstruction in consequence of the ex-
treme darkness of the night,• the• horse came in contact
with it, and the result was,- that the animal was thrown
down, the cart turned over, and the driver precipitated
into the road. The shafts of the vehicle were broken ;
but we hear that the driver and the horse escaped with
comparatively little injur}r.. It is sincerely to be wished
that the perpetrator of this diabolical and cowardly act
may be det.cted.—Hertford County Press.

RIVER POACIIING.—The fishing season has fairly
commenced here, and notwithstanding the exertions of
the water bailiffs, the quantity of fish already killed (if
we may believe what everybody says) is fully as great as
in any former year. It is calculated that not less than
800 fish have been taken in little more than a fortnight,
and we have heard it stated thit one party of five men
• caught about 140 in one night. Even in the open day
fish are taken out of the river close to the town, but few
will inform, and unless seen by the water bailiffs the
fishersare quite safe. It is said that not a few have been
detected, who will forthwith be.• proceeded against ; but
we merely state public reports, the general truth of which
there is little reason to doubt.—Kelso Chronicle.

ADD.EL-KADHR AGAIN.—The National states, that
according to a private letter from Oran, the Coloriel of
the 2d Regiment of Hussars, who was detached with his
regiment at Sebdon, having' gone to shoot game with
the surgeon and some privates of his regiment, was sur-
rounded by a number of Arabs,.who carried off the en-
tire party. It is supposed that this feat was performed
by some of Abd-el Kader's troops, who are encamped on
the frontiers of Algeria. " This fact," adds the writer
of the letter, " demonstrates that no advantage has been
gained by the treaty Gf peace with Morocco."
On Friday, some hills becoming due at several of
the Perth banking-houses, and none of the parties
concerned having appeared, it was discovered, on inquiry,
that forgeries to a very considerable amount had been
committed. The usual steps. being taken under simi-
lar circumstances, it was.•ascertained that the guilty
party had absconded. This was no less a personage
than the Rev. -, minister of the neighbouring parish
of No sooner Aid such an extraordinary circum-
stance become known than it became the subject of every..
body's talk ; and during the whole of Saturday, Sunday, I
and Monday, up to the hob! of post, innumerable ru-
mours and conjectures were in circulation as to the ex-
tent of Mr. -'s delinquencies, and the parties involved
by his frauds. All that can be stated in the meantime
is, that Mr. -, with a stipend of 4001. a year, has ab
sconded ; that there can•be little doubt he is guilty of
fraud and forgeries to a considerable amount ; and we
believe that this is all that any one is justified in stating.
in the present state of information on such a disagree-
able subject—Perth Paper.

LITERATURE.
BRIASI-1 AND FOREIGN !''EVjE IV. No.

Toiptir, Lcwhin, 1844.
The qualifications of M. Eugene Sue—the autl.l4
of the " 11‘ steries of Paris," which bare created eneb'
an unprecedented sensation on the Continent-4A le. •
moralist, anti a writer of fiction, are ably discussed
this Number. The Reviewer, who is no admirer:.
M. Sue, but who does net condemn without.givi9
reasons for the faith that is in him, asserts that be)"
one of the most immoral and dangerous'writers of Of
modern French school of fiction, and. allu4
particular, to his " Mysteries of P alaris,'" says,
• work has now found its way into thousands v!,.
English houses—thanks to• its at/lasing popelaritr
thanks • also to its almost unparalleled immorett4
No one has denounced it as a bad and exalt
book ; the consequence has been, that no one I° •
thought it bad. Its licentiousness, its htleons
. tures of civilised depravity, its bol,l attacks on 015,r.:
ing society, and its outrage of existing:laws, hare In
been relished ; the feverish excitements which the
book produces on most readers, has been. openly in'
dulged, and openly proclaimed." This is severe—
censure, but from the extracts we hare .seen.from thies
notorious work in question, we incline to think it
by no means undeserved. But a reckless disreg'w.
of all moral and religious cousiderationa seems-tql:
the chief characteristics of the modern Pen'
novelists, who, provided that they can make a 'dell:,
impression on their readers' feelings, care not by iv,
means that impression is produced. The .I'n,
Revolution in Greece" is a summary of the prineri
political events that have taken place in'that
country since the accession of the Bavirain Otho
the throne, and is penned by one who is familiar ivith.i
the subject on which he expatiates, and .who takes
deep interest in the -welfare of the Greeks. • "Dili
tion in India" advocates the introduction of a gene s.
system of instruction among the inhabitants of 'Slo
vast continent, as being the surest means to preent
dissaffection, and attach the people to the Govern'
o
ment by a bond of common union. The articlq
written in a very frank, temperate, and. liberal sintlA
In the critical essay on the "Faust' of. Goethe an.
Marlowe," the Reviewer greatly, underrates
talents of the old English dramatist, the conclusion
whose play of Doctor Fumtus is unquestiOnably tn,er,;.
impressive than any scene to be found •• in Goeta
Faust. On the whole; the NuMber is a good, but bf
.no means, a superior one.

CAXITAL LA II OUR COMPre.
TITION—OO-OPERATION-

• (From the Struggle) '
t the
I know nothing so fatal to the interests 6' ,0
working class as the various attempts to set cars,
against labour, and to represent their interests at Ito
riance with each other. There are "certain agitais7l
who seem to study nothing else .;, and though
,tu
cannot point to any good they have ever accomptisisso
yet such is their combative propinsities, that t.'
seem to feel happy in pursuing no other coo'
Capital is simply accumulated labour. The legsl4
sessors of it cannot enjoy a single particle wituiiio
conferring' part upon others. Manufacturing in t
to
country requires large capital in order to cel
with other countries, and produce thole"Chee art:
el2s,
which are an advantage to all consumers. The ' is
proprietor is but a trustee ; while he lives he gets bio
food, clothing, attendance, and indulgences for •of
superintendence. All the rest goes, in one shsPessio
other, to pay labour, and when he dies, those. M.
succeed him must resume it upon
jhe satuctcii
Otherwise it will be useless to them. Wealth sun,_,Ttio
a mill can never be carried away, and can nefertis
made productive without labour, and without
payment of labour. s
cb 1
This hostility of labour to capital is a bras*
be'ei
the community system, which, though it hr_sisio.
tried in various forms, has always proved 107.n0t
There is no question that, if the co-operative plan no'
take the place of the competitive (as it' is calles1)10
end would be gained, for very soon there "Igo
, be no capital to fall out with. • Co-operate
doing away with individuality of 'interest, w° of
produce an inactive, slothful, and jealoni 11_11 f#
people. Few exert themselves except; promPTsd,
. necessity. None work for the please e; of ssOr'",
-when others, who work less, are to resit) equall?#!,4
, If we lived in a world where food and' clething 7i-1
i as amply supplied as atmospheric air, we might -bat
co-operate, and enjoy ourselves in communities i-po
it is impracticable when every man's living dePesEt
upon exertion. The beggar works none . l'1";#1
, he can live with begging. The weaver works ha;
at the latter end of the week, because he is fsint.doi
. and the parson seldom makes his sermon till rr: $0
or Saturday. It is, in fact, necessity.that Wei bar
action. Min's invention and energies would be 6WA
mint, and the flood of labour in a stateof backs
if deprived of the stimulant of individual interest'
The evils of competition are not such, nor so ngior
rous, as are often represented. There may occag:hibifr
ally be two tea-shops, or two drapers' shops, e'''' 1;01
ing the bitter feelings of opposition ito each sithql gbe
it is not common. So far from this' invalidating os
individuality of interest, the greater number wn,r oil
amicably, and with far less suspicion' and sienloso•
than generally obtains among the co-oretkep,
With the exception of the time when a farm Is w's, 4
the farmers never seem to have the least feelirlseqg
Opposition to each other. It is the. same with b/tsis
the greatest number of operatives ; and though
yeti
feeling is most manifest among shopkeepers, rot os
greatest number of them, I am confident, ha
00
feeling of hostility towards each other. The q sol
of individual interests cannot, in itself, produce od
great degree of hostility. It is only when, by o 0
laws, the scope for a living or for profit beenwen ;lie
kt
circumscribed, that these conflicts•ene. Wile 4;
I pigs• hoe plenty ofpotatoeS, they enjoy and let enV
,but if food for twenty" be thrown' among fort''".„
`..tliViVierest competition follows. ee°.
The remedies for the evils incident to the 'OO
petitive principle are not to be found antisocl
introduction of a system which, having beet,°_, 01'
in a variety of provision establishments, bar
ways ways broke down, and often left the ou— eti
rators greater enemies than other people',e' tie
Wight live on the community principle wins'aid:
stock lasted ; but finding little or nothing Pr°"7._, boon
when supplies began to run short, the inch' idiot
would soon snap asunder, and, like retreating no'
from the field of battle, or like the members Of *assail
out, just broken up, every man, under an unn;000
excitement of individual interest, would care for
..
but himself. • n 0°
'to
n e true remedies for the evils of compel Isdil,
these. First, to neutralise the feeling:_ by Prfdt
,pil,'
plenty. I have seen lads, when nutting 'llol' •ee
' lA.. 0
each other's eyes out when they met with s d to
bush well stored with nuts ; but when each 514
With a bush, they were too much engaged wit
° ssplir
their pockets to annoy each other. When the Pars ollf
pie at the table is large enough to allows plentfillib jtt
every boy is satisfied with his own plate, tniec it
may contain a less portion than others ; but 110;00,01
is clear that some must come short,:the arliP - . ,
a competitive feeling are not to be restrained: ojetiesei
Another preventative is the influence uf bene/ opt
Thisis a part of our nature, and may be Pr°oo t_t;
and matured by various influences. - It. is glipis
counteract and modify our conduct in the. Puna 111
what might be considered strictly just. 01 tbeit
proportion as bad laws deprive the people 7 I",
fair share of enjoyments, for the time ti,
nothing else to rely upon. Whilst. the en,(ll_ bet!
feelings prompt us to acquire for ourselves, til'ce le
volent feelings lead us to share our.sulsetsn irsocics
the poor. The same feeling tells us-to ~mr,,,
with mercy, to avoid oppressing the wea 'l '
defenceless. 00
Let these two remedies be adopted, find °sae se, I
have many of the evils of a competing 7000
modified or removed, without deitroying..suire
springs of action which are essential to the Tv's
ments of society.

W
O'
TnE FROST.—We gave warning, last w f
elt of
all wise and prudent housekeepers to lay in a 80003
coals, as, frequently, dense fogs were the heralds or Pt
and continued frosts ; unfortunately for the Pop °,,,13
snow of last Sunday and Monday still lies ur
fields and houses, and winter in his most gris Yor (root
has laid his icy hand upon us ; this night week sbal,
commenced, and we "see no likelihood of when "ithic`;
have a thaw. Our gutters are six inches thick scii3t, thj
the glass has been twelve below freezing s sn.
d fur tios
skaiters are looking everywhere for ponds, !,11„1, 011 ~,e
"
muffled forms are the order of the day"
the weather has been most cheering ; our (DV, ce of,
blue skies above us, have wore more the apPeoratlythirl.Pl')
clear and exhilirating Canadian winter than taweel(,„/,
we remember in Europe. And this, the firs rsioe..-s
December ! Which of the young men of the datftria tstii
bars a similar early continuous frost ? lininetzead
eighteenth century it was common ; with the vesr, °To
Winter delayed his visits generally to the new ;roe'. be
often, as last season, forgot his urbanity all tog it to
what then are we indebted for this change ? 150. s 11
comets or the eclipses ? Whatever the couse,Gortii
the poor will not be forgotten.—Boulogne
h /ss
Mond. io . •
ayWEA.THER.—The change to frost *b.heil
•Tb
noticed on Thursday last, has continued since
; hpristti'hern,
out intermission, and with impressing hp-- nos. 0
thermometer on Thursday night indicated, 10e
_a_tig<ito
exposure, 23 degrees—nine degrees below ft
tecrotes:,',„
has generally ranged from 25 to 30 dogeee!„ beir
the day. On Friday the ice on Duddingolu"enjolltio
:so strong as to tempt some keen skaters to shouldvje
fin voarite sport on the margins of the loch. ht,the nor,
st continue, as it appeared to do last pig,.o, 011fi"'"ersi
of t> 'is beautiful sheet of water will be sate, is ge,„,ie
tO•cla,v. The change of weather, we Pe Dyer the oot'
er, though somewhat early, preYoPs_•,.,too ..
island, In this neighbourhood every desci'Lli 60
door-la hour has been suspended for the '1"
days.—Caltdos.tian Mercury of Mondays i„a 09,11'5
The two. leading authorities, the Sell'theost:ll_ ro•
of Elders, of Hainburg.h, have declare?tes ir
tntre ijo;
favour of the,4s saancipation of the IsllifelnallY,
son assigned r this measure is, Prilufes 1110., ire °
manse sacriiges %which the aaraburgh giesv
for the ralici tit o numerous victims of
$ll-
- 164%

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