The Sun.
London, England, 1844-06-21 00:00:00

LIFE INSURANCES.

r A limns equal to Two-thirds of the Profit on the Company's.
Life Business, since stleetinlier; will be apportioned, periodi-
cal ly,' Among the Policies effected- for Life, either
. By Addition to the .Sum . Assured, or in .Reduction of the
Premium: .
• •Ihe'Valtie of the TlOnus may be receitred in Cash.
Ttre following features particularly distinguish the Company's pie.
sent system of Life Insurance, viz.—
The Security of a large Capital, for which no charge. is made
The Exemption of the Assured from all Liability of Partnership;
And the Guarantee which the character, success, and long expert
ence of the Company afford to the Policy-holders against all the
dangers which might result from inexperience or improvidence
in management.
• Thomas Tooke, Esq., Governor.
William Sampson Esq.; Sub. Governor.
The Hon. J. T. Leslie Melville, Deputy-Governor.
, • DIRECTORS. .

Henry Bainbridge, Esq.
George Pearkes Barclay, Esq.
Wm. Brown, Esq.
Edmond S. P. Calvert, Esq.
Alexander Colvin, Esq.
William Davidson, Esq. •
John Deacon, Esq.
Hiversdale Wm. Grenfell; Esq:
William 'retlow Hibbert, Esq.
Llincelot. Holland, Esq.
Sir Giorge Larpent, Bart
John Christopher Lochner, Esq.
21, Lombard-street, June 15, 184.

Sir sJplni Wm. Lubbock, Bart.
Charles John Manning, Esq.
Henry Nelson, Esq.
Edward Howley Palmer, Esq.
John Henry Pelly Esq.
Abraham George Robarts, Esq.
Charles Robinson, Esq.
Sir.Sampel Scott, Bart.
William Soltau, Esq.
Robert Thorley Esq. •
Henry: Warre, Esq.
Octavius Wigram. Esq.
:XANDER. GREEN, Secretary.
14.

RITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE -COM-
A, • PANY, I, PRINCES.STREET, BANK," LONDON.
-This Institution is empowered • by .Special Act of Parliament,
(IV.' Victoria, cap. 9,) and ,is so constituted as to afford the benefits
cf Life Assurance, in their fullest extent, to Policy Holders, and
to present greater facilities and accommodation than are usually
offbred by any other Companies.
Among others, the following important advantages may be enu.
merated :
A most economical set of -Tables—computed expressly for the use
of this Company, troxl authentic and complete data, and presenting
the lowest rates of Assurance that can be offered without compro-
mising the safety -of the Institution.
• DECREASING RATES OF PREMIUM.
By this Table the Volicy,holder has the option of discontinuing
the payment of all further Prcmiums after Twer.ty, Fifteen, Ten,
'and even Five Years; and -the' Policy still remaining in ,force—in
the first case, for the full amount originally assured ; and in either of
the three other cases, far a portion of the same according to a
fixed and equitable scale endorsed upon the Policy.
Increasing Rates of Premium' on a new and remarkable plan for
securing' Loans pr Debts ; less immediate payment being required
on a Policy fur the whole term of Lire than in any other Office.
• • • CREDIT TABLE,
By this Table the Prerniums may remain unpaid for five years,
upon satisfactory security being given for the liquidation of the
same at the expiration of that period.
Prethiums'eayable either Annually, Half-Yearly,- or Quarterly, in
One sum, or in a limited number of oyments.
A Board of Directersin attendance daily at Two o'Clock.
Age of the As,ured in every case admitted in the. Policy.
Medical Attendants rimunerated in all cases for their reports.
-EXTRACT FilkOM- INCREASING RATES OF PREMIUM,
FOR AN ASSURANCE, OF .2100 FOR WHOLE TERM OF
• LIFE.

Annul Premium payable during
Age.. IA Five ,-2d Five 9d Five 4th Five Remainder
Y
Years. Years. ears. ears. of Life.
20' 1 1 4£l 510 £1 1041 £1 16 9£2 3 8
30 1 • 6':4 112 2 •1 19 1 2 7 4 217 6
' 40. 1 ,16 1 2 4 4 214 6 3 7 3I 4 3 4
50 216 7 ,3 .9 4 45 b 56 3 613 7

-
- PETER MORRISON, Resident Director,
A. Liberel.Cornmisslon allowed to, Solicitors and Agents.

.
AgIS LIFE' ISSUE ANC E'
-----___3l THROOMORTON:STREET, BANK.' ' - •
i .. E COMPANY
THOMAS FARsllagcnPdollg-ICWB--I,AiEII4Ii,cIA.V,
• WI LLIA NI LEAF;
LivirtlwEßED by
•C:Aror,d'foe6frm.PAltblAMENT,
an, Chairman.
Esq., Deptity•Chairmati.
William
134fliiri.
Pg.
, ' 'jranhionse6aUsißifetlty'Esq, Esq., Al&
~'Lomas.l°lnrCli:NClns:PmthiPeirYli:no:F4AElgerq.ct. Alderman,
ntv— ProejSr4eserwlinB2l7' Esq.
Frinsbury.square.
: • • plivinciasi—Dr. JeaffkAo‘na,re j
naTcujuincualQaltainilf ise":
gotagost—W. Coulson, Esq 2 Fr
, the Assured
LOW RATEA.6F, pl74'sirlace, Old Jewry.
In aildiiiotr 0 the s'nbserlbpd Capital of I 14.
VW 4'.-04CWO per
have' the seetaiintery•oefaatlit,ge, Ciparrtpw
ail
aannum,. yearly
vested in Government and other available securitie,urroe }Lind
'la ger amount than the estirriated liabilities bf the Company,
, o considerably
- The rates of premium are; reduced to the lowest scaitanj;
with tha seetirity pt the Assured, and the stability of th ' compatible
tberetay, in effect, givirig.to every Policy Holder'
an immediate
certain Boriti:i x7ithout risk, in lieu of the -deferrod and ate
frequently
dettuoive prospect ofa.perjo4iesl division of Profits. • .
• ANNUM, rsgrow To wing XlOO.

For Seven Years. I Whole Term.

Age. For One Year, ,
20 ZO 17 S. X 0 19 1
161 2 7
40, 1
40 1 b 0 1 6 9
. 1 14, 1 1 11.9 10

iild
2 0 7
2 14 10
4 0 11
6 0 10

Go
One-tgird'ot Whole Terra" Premium. pay rginaln unpaid at
5 per cent. compound intethst, as a debt upon the policy for lifc, or
maybe prild•otrat any time Without notice. -
In Assuranoes for Advappes:of IV.V:uley, M security for debts or as
a provision tor a family,-when the ma rest3nt pgtl4y Is desirable,
the varied arid -comprehensive tables of the Argus Office will be
found to be particularly favourable to the Assured.
The Medical Officers attend daily at a Quarter before Two o'Clock
, EDWARD BATES. Resident Director.
• --
0 os•anAßnicAlPidirn to "citing SinaArats •
. •

.~: ~ ~ ...

DISEASED AND HEALTHY. LIVES

ASSURED.

MEDICAL, INVALID, and GENERAL LIFE
OFFICE, 25, PALL-MALL, LONDON.

TRUSTEES.
Charles Hopkinson, Esq., Regent street.
Sir Thomas Phillips, Temple.
Alfred Waddilove, D.C.L., Doctors' Commons.

DIRECTORS.

Edward Doubleday, Esq., 249, C. Richardson, Esq., 19, Brit-
Great Surrey-street. ton-street, Berkeley square.
George Gun Hay, Esq., 127, Thomas StevensOn,Esq., F.S. A.,

Sloane street. 37, Upper Grosvenor-street.
J. Parkinson, Esq., FAS., 80, Robert Bentley Todd, M.D.,
Cambridge.ter race, Hyde.park. F. R. S., 26, Parliam en t. street.
Benjamin Phillips, Esq., F.R.s., Alfred Waddilove, 4C. L.,
17, Wimpole.street. I Doctors' Commons.
AUDITOR&

John Pursord, Esq,. 7, York- J. Stirling' Taylor, Esq,
terrace, Regent's-park. 14, • Upper Gloucester-place,
Joseph Radford, Esq., 27, Dorset-square.
Cambridge-terrace, Hyde- Martial L. Welch, Esq.. Wynd-
park. ; I . ham-place Bryanston-square.

STANDING COUNSEL—John Shapter. Esq.;tincoln'a Inn.
Ballamas--Messrs. C.Hopkinson and Co.. Regent-street.

SoLtarroas—Messrs. Richardson and Smith, 26, Golden.square.
DKPARTMUNT OP MEDICAL S-raTtwrics—William Farr, ER.,
General Register Office.
Aervaav—F. G. P. Nelson, Esq.

This (Mee is provided with very accurately constructed tables,
by which it can assure unsound lives on equitable terms.
Similar tables enable the Society to grant increased annuities on
unsound lives, the amount varying with the particular disease.
Members of consumptive families assured at equitable rates.

Healthy lives are assured on lower terms than at most ether
offices.

The first Life Assurance Society commenced business in 1705,
and the principles of life contingencies, understood at that time to
a very limited extent only, have repeatedly undergone important
changes and improvements; but till the establishment of this So.
ciety in 1841 no attempt had ever been made to assure the lives of
persons who suffer from disease.
The science of statistics has only within a recent period been
successfully applied to the duration and mortality of disease, and-
hence tables on the probability of these results could not have been
formed ; and it would evidently have been unsafe and hazardous,
for any society to have undertaken the risk of assuring the lives of
persons afflicted with any particular malady. The statistical in-
f ortnation, however, now collected, and in possession of this office,
is of so great an extent as fully to warrant the extension of life
assurance to such cases, and, in fact, to place the application of life
assurance on diseased lives on a more secure basis than even that
on healthy lives.
It is hoped that while kept clearly in view that this Society, in
common with other offices, will assure the li4 of healthy persona,
it is as yet the only one established to a e the lives of persons
labouring under disease; and to this latter feature particular atten.
tion is directed.

lathe first place, because it opens a larger field for business than_
all other offices can have unitedly ; and in the
Second place, because that branch of assurance must, from its
own nature, be less hazardous, and its principles rest on a more
permanent foundation. . .
These are two highly important facts, and we shall enter into an
explanation of each ; and first, as to the prevalence of disease.
The period of life most important to an assurance office is that
rween 15-60 years of age. and ba the pllowing remarks we refer
exclusively to this period of life.
It will be found that the deaths in the metropolis for the two
years preceding 1842 were, from all causes, 30,518 ; and from
consumption alone, 10,688 ; showing that more than one-third of
the total deaths in that period of life takes place from the preva-
lence ale single disease; end if the same inquiry were instituted
with respect to other diseaser, such as asthma, dropsy, diseases of.
the head, heart, &c., it would be found that more than one-balf
of the whole population would, on medical examination, be refined
admission into an assurance office. If the inquiry be .carried to
the principal towns in England, like facts are elicited—in Bir-
mingham, Liverpool and Manchester, the deaths from all causes,
per annum, are about 5,023, while those from consumption are
1,988, forming considerably more than one-third of the whole. The
same thing will be found to hold good in the large towns in Scot-
land, in six of which the deaths in a given period, from all causes,
amounted to 23,078, those from consumption alone to .6,359, and
from six important diseases, 9,754; in the latter caseforrning more
than 42 per cent. of the deaths from all causes. On reference to
the returns from the city of Glasgow for 1836-1840 It will be
found that the deaths in that period, from all causes, were 14,107,
from consumption 4,087, and a list of five diseases, 6,423, being
more than 45 per cent. of the deaths from all causes.
The diseases here alluded to are such as exist in general In a
chronic form, frequently for many years prior to death, but which,
en a' strict medical examination, would effectually exclude • the
persons so affected from the benefits of life assurance ; and slime
it thus appears that a majority of the population is includectin this
class, the value and importance of the new feature of this society
cannot fail to be justly appreciated.
The second point to be explained Is the fact that there Is
much less risk in assuring diseased lives. This Is a feature of
paramount and vital importance to the Interests of this society, and
deserves to he carefully considered. .
The real risk incurred in all assurance transactions consists in'
the chance to which an office is liable of experiencing a different
degree of mortality from that expected by the tabjes on which its
caculations are founded. This difference' is termed the fluctuation
of mortality, and will be found to .be.much less among diseased
lives than over the general population, and among selected lives.
The deaths from consumption in the metropolis per annum are.
sufficienily near the annual number which takes place in Glasgow,
from all causes, to admit of a comparison, and by reducing the.
matter to figures it is found that while the fluctuation per annum
in the latter case is as high as 45 per cent., in the 'former it is only
9 per cent., or; in other words, the fluctuation of mortality in
consumption. was only one-fifth of the other; and in Manchester,
Liverpool, and Birmingham, even with the disadiantage of
smaller numbers, the fluctuation does not exceed 3 " per, cent.;
showing a remarkable uniformity in the law which determines the
mortality of this disease, and that it is more positive and absolute
in Its results than that which -regulates the general population.
Consumption has here been selected, not because it was consi-
dered more favourable in Its results, but simply on account of the
larger numbers affbrding a more satisfactory prod of the question
under consideration; but the same test has been applied to a great
number of, other diseases, and like results obtained. Among nine
diseases in the metropolis, including asthma, dropsy, rheumatism,
disease of the liver, of the heart, of the nervous system, &c., the
fluctuation was only 71 per cet,t., and in five diseases iu a different
district the fluctuation was about 7 per cent., while among eleven
in another locality, and even with !mall numbers. the fluctuation
did not exceed 6.2 per cent.; and taking the principal towns to
England, including. Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Leeds,
Sheffield, &c., the fluctuation over eleven_ of the more Important
diseases was 61 per cent.
The remarkable uniformity In these results cannot fail to 'pro-
duce a conviction of the positive character of the law of mortality
in disease; indeed, there seems to be nothing within the whole
range of the doctrine of probabilities so well defined as the mor-
tality of diseased lives. The, mortality of the general population
his frequently been referred to by writers as an example of the cer-
tainty of common events, but the preceding remarks must show with,
how much greater certainty the mortality of diseased lives can be
depended on.
It is perhaps right to state, that, in applying . the test of
fluctuation to disease, it has not been confined to one place or
class of lives, but has been extended tb the principal towns in
England and Scotland, as well as to many rural districts in Eng-
land, and included the experience of one or two large societies of
select lives. This, has afforded an opportunity of judging, of the
effects of locality and its sanatory condition on the duraticn of
life, and a remarkable fact 'has thus' been developed, via.,
that the value of life generally is much greater in the coun-
try districts than in large cities; but that of these persons
who suffer from disease the value of life is nearly the same. As
an example of this—the expectation at the age of 30 in the country
districts_is 36.7 years; in cities (viz., Glasgow) 27.6 years—diffe-
rence 33 per cont. nearly; but take the case of personsof; that
age id wborii. the consumptive tendency is developed, and who will
ultimately die of consumption, And their expeciatitet of life in the
counties Of Esset, SUffolk, and Norfblk, Will be found to be 14'5;
iircities (Glasgow) 14,4, and in the metrepolir, Manchester, Bir-
mingham, 13'9 ; difference 'Ol7 per cent. (ot 1.57 per cent.) It
therefore appears that while the difference between country and
town.life in the former case Is about 33 per cent:, that in the latter
instance (cerisiimPtion) tbediffererice is almeit nothing, and the'
results nearly uniform. The same thing holds good with some
other diseases, which have been investigated in this manlier. This
fact, although not generally understood, is only what might have
been expected by a careful consideration of the conclusion formerly
'arrived at—that the fluctuation of the law of mortality id disease
is confined within a very narrow limiti and consequently little in-
fluenced by external circumstances. .
Ithence appears that the fluctuation in the mortality of diseased
lives is much less than among select lives and the population gene-
rally, and therefore the risk of assuring diseased lives must also be
lees.

To apply this conclusion to the affairs of an assurance office, it
may be stated, that supposing the number of lives in a society,
taking only select lives, was such that the table of mortality would
indicate 100 deaths per annum, it would be necessary to have
always sufficient funds at immediate command to meet 145 deaths,
on the other hand, an office assuring only diseased lives need not
provide for more than 109 deaths per annum; that is to say, the
risk of assuring diseased lives is to that of average lives as 9 to 45,
Or only one.flith. This fact is highly important to the interests bf
this Society, and establishes beyond doubt the safety and correctness
of the principles on which it is founded.
For flirther information, reference is made to the prospectuses
glid other published documents of the Society, which may be ob..
tatind on application at the Society's offices.
F. 0, NEISQN, Actuarp

T) L

.v3z1.4L71.)z OalJa s7ii.ob 03

39, A L BEM ARL E.S R EET, PICCADILLY.
SIGHT AND HEARING.

NEWLY IN.VE-I•IW:Iigi'Ii.6TACLES, TE-
LESCOPES, OPERA • GLASSES, 'MICROSCOPES
ACOUSTIC INSTRUMENTS, for RELIEF of DEAFNESS, &e:
Patronised by his Majesty the King-of Hanover, her Royal High.
ness the Princess Sophia, lice Sarenc—llighness the Princess
Esterhazy, the Prineesses Kay and Rosa, her Grace the Dowager.
Duchesirof Bedford, and their Graces the Archbishop of Canter.
qury, the Dukes of Devonshire, Norfolk, Argyll, Marlbeirough,
and Manchester. Marquises of Londonderry and Thomond. • Earls
of Albemarle, Eagletown, Shaftesliti ry, Tan k er vine, Fowls, Bradford,-'
Wicklow, Verulam, Harrowby, Buckingham, Meath, •Somers; Ox-
ford, Lisburne and Ferrers. Bishops of Exeter, Bland ford, Lin.
coin, Cork, Elphin, and Kildare. Generals Sir Edward Paget, Sir
Grosvenor, Evan
Dyott,Lloy RedobeerruicoMb,aisatebrd, Clayton; Galway,
or-Generals Sir H.
Elphinstene, P. Fyers, I). Macleod, Hamilton, and Weinyss.
Lieutenant. Generals Sir Henry Bouverie, Sir J. Macdonald, Sir R.
Barton, Sir T. Dallas, Lord John :Hay. Admirals Sir George Cock:
burn,. Sir David Milne, Sir George Munday, Sir. G. • Martin, Sir
James IL Whitshed, Sir a Gold, and Ress.
Messrs. S. and C. SOLOMONS, Opticians and Aurists, 99, Alive.'
marleL.treet,•Piccadilly, opposite the •York Hotel, have invented
Spectaele Lenses, &c., of the greatest transparent power. Imme-
diately these newly invented Spectacle Lenses are placed before ex-
tremely imperfect vision, either by day orcandle-light, that mist and
dullness which appear before, the eyes are at once removed, every
object becomes clear and diltinct, vision becomes preserved and
strengthened, and very aged people are enabled to employ their
sight at the most minute occupati n, and can see with those Lenses
gllptecbecOtacimeelsnb°rivght and brilliant, and
or a much less magnifying power, nor will they rieqn uciorme
mthoenfruegensot
e,fatttkuseirali and original state; those objects
bctini
ab
tn
°tote seg
In tototfs6ut
aged"tt heyroh helps,pfas
being consequence. than can
'•' All kinds of newly invented INVISIBLE ACOUSTIC INSTRU-
MENTS,beiinmgaacgiconedm.p_lished is a matter.pt muc4 deeper
Which' enable: individuals at an advanced age, antl'ef forty
and fifty years' standing of extreme dealbess, instantly to join in
general conversation, and to catch
,the sound of a distant low
- speaker. church, theatre; Etc. :Ifpours, the conversation fnto the',
*ears to, such an extent that in most severe cases deafness cannot.
..be • obsery ed. '
• • Also, the most powerful Newly invented ACHROMATIC OPERA
.IaLASSE_S, which are invaluable on the race-course, as well as at
the theatre, &c.
The Telescopes for the waistcoat-pocket possess extraordinary
:great powers-for shooting, sea purposes, ite. i and with stands for
tethoebeect4.
yesi
. Astronomical Observations, with the celebrated Leases of the most:
clear, transparent brilliancy, the powers are so great over all others,
aantluit;ilLertiamistsi,saoubrdigi:tiatnacnedabreribllriaountihtthxaotmthpelemtery undertminu
Sportsmen, Tourists, and Sea-side Visitors, will here have a great
treat
• • Single and Compound MICROSCOPES, by which the• diculation •
of the blood of a.Fly and a Flea can be seen flowing in great stream.,
Crairtort:—Messrs. S. and 13.• Soloinons, Opticians-and Aurists, are
not In' any way connected with a Person of the same Name in 'their.
imme(liate Neighhourhood, nor in any part of the country. To pre-
vent mistakes, be Cautious, and übserve, only to be had at SP,
Albemarle-itreet; PiCcadilly; oppositt the York Hotel. ' •

GOUT, ',RHEUMATISM; . Sze.—Among . the
• many disCoveriei that characterise the present age, nothing
has Contributed so-much to the comfort and ease of the comMunity,.•
nor conferred such a boon upon suffering humanity, as that import.
ant discovery, and never.fail hag remedy for Gout and Rheumatism,:
BLAIR'S GOUT And RHEUMATIC PILLS, the innisenSe advert.
tages of which are testified-by the approval and recommendation of
many of the greatest men of our day. They are for Gout and Rhea.
matisna, in all its various forms, including sciatica. lurnbto, Pairs
in the face, treqaently treated as tooth-wilt; fte, They require nei-
lher confinement nor attention of kind; and invariably preveat
the disease attacking the stomach, brain, :or other vitairart..
SOW by 'Thomas Front, ':24:StrandLondon, and by All respectable
medicine vendors throughout the United K.ngdom. Priee2s.
per box-. 7 - •
Ask far Blair's Gout and Rheumatic • riltß, and observe-the name
and .address of " Thomas Protit, 229, Strand, London," impressed
upon the ,Gicovornment Stamp' affixed to each box Of tht genuine.
• . •••-' • ,
.1499 70 viO; C 3 wai ni