The Sun.
London, England, 1845-05-30 00:00:00

THE ROAD TO OREGON.

Though several parties have penetrated into the Ore-
gon territory from the United States, through the gorges
and over the towering heights of the Rocky Mountains,
yet it may be safely asserted, from the concurrent testi-
mony of traders, trappers, and settlers who have them-
selves passed these natural barriers, that the difficulties
are so numerous and formidable, and the time necessary
for the passage so long, that there is no secure, expe-
ditious, or commodious tract which can ever be used as a
highway, so as to afford facilities for an influx of emi-
grants overland. Several routes have been tried of late,
and each differs only from the other in the privations
which the passengers undergo. None but the wild and
fearless free trappers can clamber over these precipices
and tread these deserts with security, and even these
are quitting them as haunts, and now using them only as
unavoidable tracks. It is true there have been pub-
lished more favourable accounts, within the last year or
two, by parties who have made the journey safely, and
who encourage others to make a similar experiment ;
but these accounts are in such a state of bravado, and
accompanied with expressions of thankfulness by the
parties for their own success, that they are indirect
proofs of the difficulty and danger of the undertaking,
and of the utter hopelessness of such a route for general
purposes. For hundreds of miles the several tracts pre-
sent nothing but fqghtful barrenness under foot, and
overhead scorching heat or piercing cold. The country
even west of the Rocky Mountains is broken with tow-
ering cliffs, deep ravines, and sunken streams, from which
the traveller cannot draw a drop to allay his burning
thirst; and the soil is either sandy, in which he sinks at
every step, or of a black rugged stone, which tears his
feet. The travellers have been obliged to feed on the lean
carcases of their animals which have died from hunger,
thirst, or fatigue. Farnham says, that his party were at
last obliged to kill their universal favourite and pet, their
dog, and economise his flesh. He further says, that
during eight days' journey, and he had proceeded with
the expedition of one travelling for life, he had not met
with a single acre of land capable of producing grain
or vegetables. Another American traveller, Towns-
hend, says, " Our only food was dried crumbling meat,
which we carried, and chewed like biscuits as we tra-
velled. There are two reasons by which the extreme
thirst which the wayfarer suffers in these regions may be
accounted for ; first, the intense heat of the sun upon
the open and exposed plains ; and, secondly, the desic-
cation to which everything here is subject. The
air feels like the breath of a sirocco, the tongue be-
comes parched and horny, and the eyes, mouth, and
nose are incessantly ass-Ailed by the fine, pulverised lava
which rises from the ground with the least breath of
air. Bullets, pebbles of chalcedony, and pieces of
smooth obsidian were in great requisition ; almost every
man was mumbling some of these substances in an en-
deavour to assuage his thirst." The lead bullets and
the other substances which they chewed were for the
purpose of producing spittle, which they would swallow
to prevent inflammation and death.—Dunn's Histo-y of
the Oregon Territory.

The Universal German Gazette states from Con-
stantinople that Mettetis, Bishop of Kysikos, and Member of the
Holy Synod, has been elected Greek Patriarch. He is said to be
a very rich man, and unattached to any political party.
On Monday the King of the French, the Queen,
and their Royal Highnesses the Princess Adelaide, the Prince de
Joinville, and the Duke d'Aumale, left Neuilly for the Palace of
Fontainebleau.

-
So late as the 20th instant the snow fell heavily
round Geneva till it became full a foot deep. At the same time it
camedown at Thann in the Haut Rhin, at Anch, Tarbes, and other
parts of France, even at Compiegne.

NIGHTINGALES NEAR LONDON !—A pair of these
birds have taken up their residence in the Surrey Zoological Gar-
dens, where, undisturbed by the music or the firing on the nights
of the grand pyrotechnic display, they continue to warble their
delicious Melody early aud late.

EPSOM RACES.
THURSDAY. t a s•
The weather on the Downs ve.oerday was jut" -5/.1:111'
lgreeahle as it was in town—cold, misty and rainy--oesda
fining the prospect to a vary limited range. The rated
%N.l. re in bail condition, and the Course, much deterioroe
from the state it was in. was dirty and clan:111.. ft,
ps oery,
company 'as exceedingly small, and the day's
consisting- of three races, was for the major Rartevo
inferior, the Surrey Cup, which was originull).lei,day,
to give a feature to the amusements of the toiro
000
alone having excited any interest, or affording anWhr the
for speculation. The racing, which commenced wit
r.,,
walk over at two o'clock, was brought to a c10,,e sho IV
after four with the fillowing results : 1, ft,
The Epsom Four Year Old Stakes of 50 sovs• each' te,
for colts, Bst 111 b, and fillies, Bst 61b. Derby Curs
(5 Subs.) „ d or
sMeti.e.
eFpo:tedk'sesb caQiliioTsaonit,s.,..e. ........ , ............... "1"e- over
second to save his stake. Ones flllief
(8 Subs
, .. of whom one Oeclared.)
Lord G. Bentinck's hr f' ' . • •rq 4al 91b
Moonstane, 3 ) iitchoner „
Mr, Hook's b f Wild Roe, 3 yrq, 4st 91b...•••••••." ;
Mr. T. Dawson's b c Live-and-let-Live, yrs, 7s '' 4
Mr. Death's Isleworth, 6 yrs, 85t 3lb ..................... 5
Mr..l Galpine's f by Elis, out of Cecilia, 4 yrs .........
r. IVestley's Jessie Hammond, 3 yrs, 5,,t 61b .. 1
....
6st 1. Ito 1
Mr. J. Day's b g by Mazeppa, —Busk, 4 yrs,
Botting-5 to 4 agst Live. an,l-let-Live antl_d` it All
ahg.,-s!: Moonshine. Moonshine took the lea 'd, 13'
The
own way, and won by three lengths. ,late of 20°
seovSs.uvranl?t.e,Ctthipe s(iilirapnludsicianp)speocriePiece of 1 (.) sols•
adteidelaargedua;rter.
ea h, with 50 added. Cup Cou'rsbey,•Stliwbs.raolflei3. (21
I
Subs.) ~,:e ii nor) ,2
Lord G. Bentinck's Croton Oil, 7st 31b...(1,-"e,' e -
INNN 1
rrr. ... F.111.;\171. Ai
Elba's Moustache,
Ao?l:iti
o,lsbutctsittaakte'ashreaT,eh4t,e Wreck,
3
Duke of Richmond's Loth)s.arr3siros7,'ss7t
Mr. Bonsor's The Correct Card, 3 yrs, ssr 3lb ...... 7
Lord Verulam's f by Laurel, 4 yrs, 6st 111 b.•• ............
Betting-3 to 1 agst Moustache, 7to 2 ags" iOO
sto ore.
5 to l agst Cataract, 5 to
,l agst Craton Oil•
ceThenoCi
lortir)eockt
tCard,he e
aand a
after
eto g
(1)i
nasYl„;trisilla:lTb.B.s:ht:e:l: .............................. a::: ...al': iles:
and, with Lothario and Cataract 'in wqatutai'r)tge'rtjitif6d• :ibPliteri
to the turn into the straight running; Lothario "csiVitA
beaten, and the Wreck became second, Catar". 0 411°
Up with her. At the distance the filly joinedAil'sri:lclell'
a beautiful race ensued, Croton Oil, spleadlwYfrota tbt
winning by a head. Cataract ran iu difficulties 10 aoli
distance, but struggled gamely to the end, at'd rivpsol3.
beaten by a head for second. Nothing else Was - cro•
finish. A theLoa
Sweepstakes of 5 sous. each, with 40 added 51$utel/
old, Est 7lb ; fear, Bst 71b ; five, Bst 12:u 0177 P-01
gees, a' e
aged, 9st lib ; mares and geldings, ace
have run in either of the preceding' ritee beats' 'A
31b ; the winner to be sold for 150/. ; 1
mile. (6 Subs.) 1
Lye) $
Mr. Dawson's Live-and-let-Live, 4 yrs •;••••(6''),.e)
re 3 3
Mr. Coleman's The Devil-amon.. the-Tailors, .7 1
Mr. I)yson's Loadstar, 3 yrs ....................... ...‘
Both heats won in a canter.
THE OAKS.—(THIS DO.) L. 45511
PROBABLE STARTERS, WITH THE RIDERS ill°
,i, del°tr/.
BETTING.
Mr. Worthington's Lancashire Witch--"-e- - 1(t)
4to 1 , 5 °
Lord Chesterfield's Lady Wildair—F. Mitierco W 1
Mr. Gully's Maid of Orleans—J. Day,,i7l°'-'.
Mr. Armstrong's Venus—Murphy—l2 to 1
Mr. R. Bennett's Hope—Marlow-12 to 1 10 0 I
Lord G. Bentinck's Miss Elis-11; Howlett-- ' ito I
Mr. Rowers's Glee—Bartholomew—.l3 13 to 1"3 el-
Lord G. Bentinck's Rose of Cashmere--l'u—l

Mr. Liley's Stamp—Robinson-18 to 1
to
Duke of Richmond's Refraction—Whiteho je
Lord G. Bentinck's Longitude—Mann cbsPP
Sir G. Heathcote's Fille mal Gardee Or'
Lord Eglinton's Plaudit—Marson
Mr. Blake's Event—Boyce
Sir J. Mill's Giantess—J. Howlett

Sir C. Monck's Physician filly—Lye
Mr. J. Thompson's The Wreck—Noble let
Mr. Osbaldeston's Fickle Wild Rose—Or'

Mr. Bowes's Heather Bell—Simpson
Alorl.MajorColonel
elYwrae re,
she
lu,Csr gaHrh sl
snMeayi—s s Si
ya rah—Holmes
t Ss 44' 6'
w,-„obh
One or two of the above are doubtful ; 13;u1i vboat
Heathcote may probably start two, there "'Talon I'lo
be at least twenty runners. 5 to 1 wash; cote
Kent's lot, and 15 to 1 about G. fleat—°
ride'
is not sufficiently recovered from his accident to

—......---------- 1..., VIVI
THE CALEDONIAN SI ei°
FESTIVAL. e Calea°ool.
the the
_L
The twenty-eighth anniversary festival of
Asylum, incorporated for supporting dilating tlstr'
dress of soldiers, sailors, and mariners, nativesef
~. their ''' tdr,
who have died or been disabled in the se•ctivii;ondon,_not en
and of indigent Scotch parents reside
lye d at the FresenrasheffiTh
apd e
of toe"
to parochial relief, was held on Wednolengh and Que
Tavern, his Grace the Duke Of 131! ty in the chair. . ~e,
K. G., K. T., President of the
At six o'clock his Grace the piper to the Hig
the
preceded by her Majesty', piper,
f the Marquis of preAs7.
Society of London, and the piper o .
d t and Stelee-to
T. Prest en s jo
bane, and accompanied by the N lee- Dr CO ail'
Grace having been said by the Rev. • . ,;„50of__,J8 be
company sat down to an excellent dinner, consist,- wise
delicacies of the season, which was placed upoPi tbe "-Oil
Bacon's best style. During the dinner the band ",;pristeiod's
Fusilier Guards played several martial and ori Seet'"
and the pipers, at intervals, performed several 0.
Slrsii dent
aeg
national melodies. 0 1
a f ,dr,
entered the b_
The cloth having been withdrawn, " Benedienjosed°-
by Masters Stevens and Sullivan and Messrs...floe:oo'
Young, and J. L. Hatton, who presided at the P"'" ,be
p
Toole, the toast-master, havin called for sileeq_clattb „del
The CHAIRMAN rose, and in groposing4, th. t`ioo, e,
se bo
Majesty the Queen," the Patroness of the Initt•tt7byhichtiot
in a most happy manner to the frequent '64 assarecoress
Majesty had paid to Scotland, and said he Cc' eater la Or
there never had existed a Sovereign who took a gi. aid ber
in the welfare of all classes of her subjects than
jesty the Queen.—(Ceeers.) Os'
too
Drunk with three times three. ts 11
Air, " God save the Queen." The sole Par alb.
Stevens and Sullivan and Miss Betts. fleas
patro 1,
The next toast was " The Queen Dowager, Stoic-
Institution." Drunk with three times three. goo,
/Übe lealdbeir to
Madrigal—Masters Stevens and Sullivan, •IS' fro
hurst, Young, and Hatton. 00°e 4
The CHAIRMAN said the next toast in the ertl prioc;so
His Royal Highness Prince Albert,
Wales, and the rest of the Royal Family." gethat the, 104,
to Toeir sool
a slight alteration in this toast. True it was of Wni 477
the throne was generally known as the Prioc e boson 0.
they were Scotchmen assembled together
Scottish institution. They claimed him as ke of,'
he should propose " Prince Albert, Albert D:
...Ay! the
—(Loud cheers and the rest of the Royal rs--titee6
The toast, as altered, was then di unk with three Ali
Glee--" Hail, Albert Hail." t 0 Oor ;set
The CHAIRMAN, in proposing the next toasbal thistalit",oo
lant defnders—the Army an Nav," "id t per°Pri eatle
omitted at public feativals, was morey
veculiarlY ao
sehle bile
an occasion like the present, when they were jgof the cit
te:
ther to promote an institution for the educatien_ntrys O
of those who had fallen in defence of their ee'l os Probe
to the exertions of those brave men that Enron fo__A
for the peace which had existed now undisturlfoubs4l7o;
long series of years. It was those brave men' the peace) 13_,11
prodigal of their lives, who secured for BuroPeicheera* tb,,5
would, he trusted, long remain undisturbed.—(to renerijty
should ever an occasion arise calling upon 11_,g the vie
exertions, he felt assured that we should sh„°' ers.)
we had not become a degenerate people.—(t'eys. 0 Ad
The toast was then drunk with all the hone°, roy. 0 11:,
Captain FORRES returned thanks for " The °t, for „sr
Captain LAMONT, R.N., in returning rha,%/Poi 0.',.,00<‘
Navy," expressed it as his conviction that the s'" t asonnire
esen erse",ile
in a more efficient state than it was at the Pf ther_ajr:j
(Cheers). It was true that since the peace eot stroros,
had progressed in naval affairs, but we bad „Peatle:0010,
During the last 12 years, especially, we hard 14.- 00 ;00;d1
in the building of our ships, and in the discilineeo 0 ale
of our men—( Cheers). In his opinion no eeacej lot bed
into the merchant service who could be recel, ,be Let
man-of-war, if his complaints were reinedien'444 Ate
sailor complained' of at present was, that in tit! oreedigieTto
less pay and less liberty than in the niercharfve„,oo!„l 0..
these complaints be remedied, and there We'll; the 11-therhese
in manning the navy.—( Cheers.) As one %ail 01%0'01
of this institution, he would observe that they es.,rop not
naittee many men of business, but they coula.,,,tittwealas
men to give the whole of their time to the '''" obtheir iiro'"
wanted to see upon that Committee some Inteeete,'"ea ees
men of business, who could and who would u‘galsro;oog
and attention and labour to this duty, and te,"ss
tbs
snake the askl.um equal, if not superior, to sof j rou..-04
the United ingdom.—( Cheers. oche' eieg to
The children were then introduced and 0 nrleiortone re
room, preceded by the pipers, ar d a more herood ' nd Welt
healthy set of children it has never been our gchaol,aceeeet
see. They were attired in the uniform of the teen eabegotif.te
of all ages from fourteea to six. They hafeineked
Atliserir
driled—they marched in exact time, aoe, ~,101i0e',,,50 ~:
he word of command, they halted, forme(' '1,4 iatiiel wi,-,,
luted the Chairman. Their appearance e%° the Deity sti,
terest in the room, more particularly are°°ge rePeslloog
were in the gallery, and the little fellows lr•e_r pot
..,
loudly applauded. Having been drawn 11P 11` 001%
sides of the room,
The CHAIRMAN rose to propose the teast_egtobfet,li,creso.!
" The Caledonian Asylum, and may the OffsP:1000 attitirece!orjo
never want a Protector."—( Loud cheers.) ;,,, sed_dth irie
were acquainted with the objects of the Some jot let!? t of _
it would be unnecessary for him to go at any !ore to
..I scle w
a history of them. They were most of thenrsa heeni7oooo,
ral years had elapsed since the first atterne.t °
601 Of ogirl;
The object was at that time,
found this institution by the Highland war war yrs! i, Oat
when a furlil;
Feria •eu ho
b,. crit..-.°
and when numbers of their countrymen once leS"_nees,
geld, and numbers of orphans were in conseee
_;,entastLeentlete
any protection—the object was, under thos_44ll;raye if
tii;eo, ii!
establish an asylum where the children of ED
to enableree Yes"
of their country should be educated sO Cheers.) Dade yen
after life to earn their own livelihood.—i society
~,,,,,i. ce-
had passed after its first formation before the
of that
se,uTta teas
_
progress. It was reconstructed in 18q, 2::f that befictr
ortion e t hen ~..
raised for its support ; a considerable p n s area &too?' ,
raised by an individual who had always bee
_,,,,.e,
Ito.
to this institution, he meant the late Lf";hose._s:nerioft
(Cheers.) There was also another persons) At tp; robe
the Society was deeply indebted.--(CheectibralitY for in
Sir Charles Forbes with that benevolent
rd, the the a.r
4100/. toWa
he is so distinguishe'd, advanced 1, ,
_.e Corti no up tn:
view.—( Cheers.) In consequence of t"'' bets,
ga, a solo_
!urn was founded. In 1814 the Highland anu e the
nted t° inel;
mittee of their number was apeot . was ,
' stitution • ng.) nor.
institution. In 1815 the
in —(Loud Cheerieettlal -
rated by Act of Parliament—( eff a prOP!,
management of the Asylum to the subscotnag
the societY °lli, a bit
sures were adopted so as to establish
we _
opened
eiled. Jo
foundation. In 1819 the first rooms re
were Tee bout 01
few boys i ,
...his
house in Hatton-garden, and a
year 1819, however, had arrived before any
Of grounu, . 0,. .1 di
1e27 the institution acquired the spot resent opt
erects f
acres in extent, which is the site of the p,
05.
as
it vt,ber °
asylum was two years in building,
la gone 00 The hene6 t
boys, since which time the asylum
a allow.
_.s, 1009,3
as great an extent as their funds would
and; it
twbat thos'
which it had conferred were very great'.titut.oo . tbeke
f the ins •ted la tt
it was opened for the reception oafhadfacladitional noisbiog tiff.,
desired by the friends o h
were line .we
benefits anxiouslyshould be extended, but. t ey
0, bog hip
action. Although a certain er 1 '