The Sun.
London, England, 1826-11-16 00:00:00

CORN LAWS.

farmer.

Conclusion of the meeting of the inhabitants of
the Borough. of Southwark, held yesterday at the
Town-hall. •
Mr. Mouunpin then rose in explanation—He expected after
the severe satire of the last speaker, on the ignorance of the
Meeting relative to the price of corn, to have bad a full elucida-
tion from his own lips. His speech was certainly pithy, because
filled ep with something-4a laugh),but he could not concur in
his views with regard to the ultimate effect of the revision of the
Corn Laws. lie recollected, too, when the parish of Bermond-
sey petitioned against the Corn Laws, Mr. H. Sumner said, pre-
sent it, hut he should not support it; and they might turn him out
if they liked. His Learned Friend 110 talked of the wool trade,
and said that wool was lying in the warehouses rotting ; it Was
not so, if they hail rotten wool in their warehouses, they would he
eaten by moths, and liable to he indicted for a nuisance : it was
the corn that was rotting in the warehouses. •

Mr. ELtas begged to say a few words in explanation—where
titt;re was a meeting of manufacturers, it all went one way ; and
when the agricultural interest met, it all went their way. Ilehad
no doubt but that when the Corn Law question came to he dis-
cussed in St. Stephen's Chapel, both the agricultural and the ma-
nufacturing interests would have their advocates, and both armies
would fairly meet.
• Mr. Miti.s denied that there were two armies; we were em-
barked in the good ship England, and must he all on one side.
-He then remarked on the Game Laws. Ile said there were
other things which the poor man wanted besides the revision of
the Corn Laws; they wanted employment, and wages for their
employment ; it was proved, that at the time the agriculturist
was rolling in wealth, the labouring man was the- inmate of the
workhouse. Our: ancestors protected the labourers; they were
to he paid according to the price of wheat; and he contended
that something of the kind ought to take place at this time. We
used to talk of the French wearing wooden shoes, now our poor
were going without any shoes to their feet. Ha hoped the gentle
man who last spoke would withdraw his opposition.
Mr. Gir-Lits contended, that the only thing that could rrlievs
the distress ef-the country would he the abolition of all sinecures
and pensions. By the Bleak Book it appeared that the present
Secretary of State. had his mother and two sisters At present re-
ceiving pensions from the country. In the parish in which he
resided the application for parochial relief were beyond ally belief.
As to the Corn Laws, he did not care any thing. If the overn-
rent only issued a metallic currency they would have nothing to
qir, as the Corn Laws would abolish themselves.
the Brittith
tAtier a few words froM Mr. Name, in reply to Mr. Ellis,
landholder? I t
protecting
.Armstoap ruse, and begged to observe on the subject of the
.:tint; price Of corn. Ile would ask what was it that made
landholder-of consequence than the foreign
more ,
landinurlde was because he lived in a country which was sur-
irsysizinstufavtettr;sstice Anollnetthoathimhe,
Ent
endotwuas)
t,hethii.sutinthoef
.
all ether dimes,
to a small protecting dut‘t,,owlsrld certainly
solutions. Ile perfectly agreed in the propriety of the Re-
Mr. lit,Lta said, that the Dinning of the ports for corn, subject
abroad ; but that rise
price of corn was lowered, the continue only for a time- If the
raise the price of corn
lish farmer had to pay most IT!'nts and labours which the Eng-
* 50, be lowered, It was impossible

for the English farmer to be put in competition with the foreign

An inhabitantont,eoe4 that sll ovisions counter.
Wed Oit. rtivintOktindence ; and if any Government pro-
hibitiei the importation of corn, when the country was in a state
of starvation, that Government had to answer for their conduct
in the eyes of the Almighty ; he hoped that this circumstance
would be embodied in the resolutions.

Mr. Mour.ntxu said, that the farmerl.fkotnthkbith ptice of
corn, was not enabled to th'e poor rates fell
principally entibe butcher; and baker, and all tradesmen who sold
• SA 7'lol
prowsuim.
the RIGII 13Aturr read a resolution handed to him by an in

habitant, it was as follows :—" That all restrictions on articles of
human subsistence, are contrary to the intention of the Almighty,"

it was not seconded.
The HIGH BAILIFF then put the Ant resolution, ; Vitas
carried with only one aissentir.g
t Ws, Ain, rose to speak on the second resolution, the
benefit thy intended the revision 'of the 'Corn Laws, tended
More for)he relief of the rich Man than the poor man; it was cer-.
tam that the national debt most be paid, and he Cerititinly Slimed

with the resolution. . .
The Iltatt BAILIFF then put the resolutions to the meeting,
which were carried tinatdrnously.

The third resolution waa thin moved by Mr. AMWAY? 144 I
'Wag seconded, Issas earned tmenitnously.
Resolved, That Petitions . • ,
"se both Houses of rarliatnint. that the
intreuea on the above Resolu-
tions, be presented
Petition twc, thi must of Contemns he presented by C Calvert,
grit tha f§if iltobett Wilsoh ; and that they be reoneated to Sup-
die same. that thi Petition to the irony'. of Lords be pie-
rented by Lord king, •
The Petitinu fo4ndeti on the resolutions was then read.
The High Bailiff said that they had heard the petition read,
those who were of opinion that it should be adopted, should sig-
nify the same in the usual way.
The petition was then carried unanimously.
Mr. Caz.vicaT said the best lantl in tillage was rented at 50'.
per acre; on an averar. the eorn grown on an acre of land produ-
ced three sacks of flour, that would make about 940 quarters
IniiVes; it the landholder reduced the rents one third it would
naly produce a reduetion of one halfpenny per loaf, as the
average rent of land. was thirty shillings per acre, and the taking
off one third, I Os.,,would only be one halfpenny on the loaf. All
the commodities of the labourer were taxed. He could not lay
thAvn in a bed that was not taxed. He could not pot on a
coat that was not taxed, the very air he breathed was taxed ;
and in fact, the only thing he could do without being taxed,
was that of speaking. It was his opinion that the ports ought to
be opened, subject to a duty for the protection of trade. The
agriculturists were undivided in their opinions, the first vote he
gave in the House of Commons was against these obnoxious laws;
he was out of a minority of Seven against upwards of three hundred.
He would recommend the agriculturists to follow the plan adopted
by medical gentlemen when they were ill ; they generally consult-
ed some one else on their complaint ; he would advise them also
to do so.

Sir R. Wason next presented himself, and was very warmly
received. It would have been to him, he said, a a surprise if the
inhabitants of the Borough had omitted to come forward on this
important occasion—to come forward, not indeed with any
narrow views for their own individual benefit, but with the desire
to co-operate with other parts of the kingdom for the relief of the
whole. It would, he repeated, have been a source of surprise, had
the inhabitants of the Borough not come forward to instruct their
representatives as to the measures which ought to be adopted. The
time was now arrived when apathy in any portion of the people
would be highly culpable. This was not a time to separate into
distinct classes with opposing interests, but for the union of all for
the common benefit. He would assure the Meeting, that only
those who visited the country could state the situation of the
manufacturing poor hi some districts, for famine and disease, and
their attendant evils, had already visited the cottage of the peasant.
It was only that morning he had received the copy of a petition
about to be presented to. Parliament, and which he was requested to
support. It was signed by the heads of 250 families of Glasgow
and its vicinity, the whole of these familia' consisting of 1,250
persons. He would read to the Meeting two paragraphs from it,
which would make the meeting believe that one of our poets had
spoken in a sort of prophetic vision when he said—
" The country blooms a garden and a grave."
The petitioners stated,
That to preserve themselves from the obnoxious and degrading
state of pauperism, your petitioners, when they can procure work,
have to toil incessantly for 16 hours in the day, to earn a wretched
morsel, and hundreds of them,. in addition, havA been forced to
part with every moveable relict of their former industry. The
labour they are now aubject to.does not deserve the honourable
and virtuous appellation of industry ; it is slavish and brutifying
in the extreme; the fruits of it are poverty and disease, mental
and physical ; and were it not for the prospect that such a condi-
tion would seriously engage the attention of your Honourable
House, your petitioners would at once resign themselves to the
horrors of absolute despair.
The petitioners added, and their prayer or suggestion 4hOwed,
the extent of their distress,

Under the impression that the Legislature eau no longer delay
the consideration and amendment of their condition, your peti-
tioners humbly suggest the propriety of their• being removed to
some of Majesty's colonies, particularly to Tipper Canada,
which, besides relieving this country from their maintenance,
would render them in a few years useful members of society, and
valuable subjects of Great Britain. •
What, he would ask, must he the misery of those unfortunate per-
sons, when, as a relief, they solicit that which was awarded as the
next punishment to that of death-..a banishment from their native
country? Would it not be thought, that the poet to whom be
had before adverted had these melancholy circumstances in his
view when he wrote—.

" Even now methinks, u pondering here I stand,
" I see the rural virtues leave the land ;
w w W a a •

" Downward they move a melancholy band,
" Pass from the shore, and darimt all the strand."

And adverting to the cause of this dismal removal, the poet thus
speaks of luxury as that cause—
" Kingdoms by thee to sickly greatness grown, ,
" Boast of a florid vigour not their own ;
" At every draught, large and more large they grow
" A bloated mass of rank unwieldy' woe ;
" Till,
sapp'd their strength and, ev'ry part unsound,
" Down, down they sink, and spread a ruin round."
Still, however, he did not see cause to despair, if the country
only made those exertion* which were yet in its power. But he
would advise that they should act upon the principle, not of put-
ting down the corn-grower for the sake of the manufacturer, or the
manufacturer to uphold the corn-grower, the best rule they could
go upon, was to "live and let live.” He did not want to take the
trade out of the hands of the British farmer, nor would he wish
that the latter should have it in his power to deal out bread to the
great body of the people at a famine price, end thus throw them
for relief on the poor-rates. The honourable and gallant member
then went on to point out the advantages of allowing the menu-
lecturer, by a fair price of corn, to send out an article that would
came to the price at which the foreign consumer could afford to
he a purchaser. Jae next proceeded to advert to the necessity of
a union of all parties, in striving for a reduction of those burdens
which pressed so heavily on
.them equally. He would like to see
the country gentlemen employed in endeavouring to remove those
burdens which pressed so heavily on their tenants. But they should
do more, they should endeavour to get rid of the game laws, those
fertile sources of crime and bloodshed; they should also restore
back to the poor some of those commons whill were enclosed
under the impression (the honest, he would admit, but mistaken
one) that they would greatly improve , the agriculture of the
country, whereas they had proved a source of much public injury
and private loss and suffering. But the country gentlemen should
do more, they should endeavour to make the people happy, and
encourage the disposition to innocent. enjoyments. He was sorry
to see that instead of this
preference was given to woe-begone
countenances, and to the Jeremiah-making system—which tended
to foster dulness and breed discontent. He regretted much that
some of the magistrates of Leeds and Edinburgh were of this east,
in taking such pains as they had recently to prevent poor shavers
from exercising their trade on a Sunday. After dwelling some
time upon this as an absurd proceeding, the gallant member went
on to observe, that with respect to economy, much. was in the
power of the legislature, by an improved . mode of collecting the
revenue, by 4 different system in the colonies, and by a general
conciliation, which would render a smaller military force sufficient.
As to other modes of econoiny.he had beard of many. lie bad heard
of reduction of interest, and equitable adjustments; but for his
of t
tier( he public creditor, while a single unnecessary pension or
own part, he would think any such experiment a wanton *polio-
useless place remained iinredueed*—(""l.B°)
It was moved and tarried that the petition do lay for signature
' et the Town Hall and the Vestry Room.
MOUPPINQ
moved the thanks of the Muting to the two Re-
presentative' for_ the Town and Borough of Southwark, for their
; kind attention to us this day, and for their general conduct in
Parliament.
Mr. CALVIGhT and Sir R. WILSON shortly returned think*.
. Thanks were thee moved to the High BIWA who tiarhig
turned thanks, the Meeting broke up.

MANCHESTER, TUESDAY EVENING, Nov. 14.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

'We have again experienced an uncommonly flat market
for every article in our trade, and the general appearance
of business for the remainder of the year is far from being
promising., Thtl.fetyllnyers whO live itesedted themselies
in tie market to-day have been attempting to make their
purchases at lower prices, and we believe, in some instances,
have succeeded. The holders of nearly every kind of
goods have been doing little more than looking on, not
being able to effect sides except fit 11 ftlEtbcr rtductic,z4
to that they did not like to submit. , In velveteens the
sales are very, drill, and prides ttilitalli &Wit
Wait' E tiVi6t preference tb piece good'
s,) both in higher
as well as in the lower numbers, claim the attention of the
buyeri, and sales ,to a much goster extent have been effet.
ed at prices similar to our last, lveek'.4 Tlfe
cotton market is veik Mid prices much thk
'Mt* as our former quotation.

MEETING of the BOROUGH of DERBY,
ON THE SUBJECT OF THE CORN LAWS.

(Abridged froth The betty itepOftet, received last night.)
At twelvt O'clock this day, in putsdance of a Requisition
most adulterously and respectably signed, and acceded to by
the Worthy Mayor, a Meeting of the Requisitionists, and
a large body of the other inhabitants of the Borough, at•
tended in the Town Hall.

JOHN BELL CROMPTON, Esq., apologiied for the un+
avoidable absence of the Mayor, who had been obliged to
attend at sonic distance from Derby.
War. 81%01', Esq. then rose to propose that Mr. John
Bell Crompton should, in the absence of his father, be
called to the chair. This was agreed to, and Mr. J. B.
Crompton took the chair accordingly.
The Requisition was then read by T. Bryan Balguy,
Esq. the Town Clerk.
The CHAIRMAN said, the Meeting would perceive that
the subject matter on which they had been called together
was a revision of the Corn Laws; for which purpose an
appeal to Parliament was intended.
EDWARD STRUTT, Esq., m moving- the Resolutions,
said,—When I recollect that the present subject embraces
the most vital interests of the country—the prosperity of
our trade and manufactures, and the price of the principal
necessary of life—l am convinced that it is a question
which ought not to be dismissed in a very few words; that
it is a question on which it is necessary to appeal rather to
the understanding than to the passions; and that I should
be acting in a manner both discreditable to myself and dis-
respectful to you, if I were.not to attempt to enter, as well
as I am able, into an examination of the principle on which
it depends. If the Corn Laws be injurious to the interests
of this country, they must be so in consequence of their
giving.a monopoly to the home produce, and thus raising
the price of corn. It is necessary, therefore, in the first
place, to understand what are the circumstances which re-
gulate the price of corn, since, in this respect,it differs from
many other commodities. If, for instance, the consumption
of any article of manufacture were to .be considerably in-
creased, the additional supply could be obtained, in all
probability,
Corn, because yicat pricethesameeesethe additional as bedfoirte4al supplybutthis mustisnot
thepro eusiel
with
be obtained from lands of an inferior quality, and con-
sequently at an increased expellee. Thus, when a coun-
try is thinly inhabited, none but the best lands ;are cul-
tivated, and the price of Corn is consequently low.—
But as population advances, an additional supply of Corn
is required. This additional supply can only be obtained
by cultivating the inferior lands, and, in order to
enable them to be taken into cultivation, the price of Corn
must rise. Thus it is invariably found that the price of
Corn has a tendency to rise as population increases. But
if a country should possess a greater population than her
neighbours, in proportion to the extent and fertility of her
soil', she must either import a part of the Corn she requires
from other countries;. or if she refuses to do so, and pro-
duces it all for herself; she must be content to pay a much
'higher price; Now, such is the case with Great Britain at
the present moment. Our population is proportionally
greater than that of our neighbours. The Corn Laws
prevent us from regularly importing any part of our Corn ;
and this monopoly enhancing the price, acts as a heavy tax
upon the consumers.—lt is not very difficult to give some
idea of the probable amount of this tax.- It is calculated
that the whole annual consumption of different kinds of
grain in this country is uot less than 40 millions of quar-
ters. It is probably much greater—probably 50 millions
—but at the lowest calculation it cannot be less than 40
millions. For every shilling per quarter, therefore, that
the price of corn is raised, in consequence of the Corn
Laws, a tax of 40 millions of shillings, or of two millions
of pounds sterlingisimposed upon the country. If, then,
we suppose the price of corn be raised only 55. per quarter
in consequence of the Corn Laws, this tax will amount to
10,000,000/. • or, if we suppose it to be raised 10s.; per
quarter, to die enormous sum of 20,000,000/. I need
not tell you that so enormous a tax must be highly
injurious to the interests of the community. If it is
ruedr
n
h
paid directly by the consumers of corn, it must be most
oppreisive to the labouring classes in diminishing their
scanty pittance. But if, as is probably the case, they
are to a certain degree, remunerated by a rise of their
ttl
he
e to
labourerincrease
inevitably
follow
must
u hsits h
cs%svvosuahsgci
setheeohscia—gui
riseevi
nntetht
hl g
teytehef‘riva vsenti
sle: dcri a:be
twtghesoi
:iclhhvee
e s h
ah
ub s tmh
ue s
tc ampah
i tne i
ss tu
so
lri
emr
ts
pa ofit s uf
ac
r optan capital,ida:
continuance of the present system. There cannot be a
greater mistake than to suppose that a high price of eons
is beneficial to the farmer. So far is this from being the
case, that in all those countries in which • I I agricu tnm pro-
fits are high, as for instance, America, the price of
corn is low, but then the rent of land is low
also. I do not mean to assert, that a sudden abolition of
the Corn Laws might not be productive of some temporary
distress to the farmers, especially to those who are leasehold-
ers ; but we may be assured that the Corn Laws are produc-
tive of no permanent benefit to the farmer, and that whenever
we hear of securing a remunerating price to' the farmer, all
that is meant is the obtaining a high rent for the landlord.
We are to remember that the landlords are the most: in-
fluential class in the Legislature; that, to use the words
of Lord Milton, "the Landowners are .the Members of
Parliament, and the makers of Members of Parliament ;"
that it was to support their rents that the Corn Laws
were first enacted, and that it is for the same purpose
that it will now be endeavoured to contines them. Why, I
would ask, are rents so much higher in this country than in
Russia or Poland ? Or, why is the condition of the landowner
at present so much superior to what it was two centuries ago?
Is it not iu consequence of the extension of our trade and manu-
factures, and the increase of our wealth and population? Surely,
then, it would be a most shallow policy in the landowners to up-
hold a system which must ultimately tend to ruin our trade, im-
poverish our resources, and diminish our population. But there
is another mode in which the Corn Laws act most injuriously to
all classes, to the , landowners as well as the rest--I mean, by
causing fluctuations in the price of grain. lf we were to take
the produce only of a single field, we should
_find that it would be
very different in different
years; that it would vary perhaps two
or three fold. If we were to take the
produce of an extensive dis-
trict, we should find that it would vary much less, beainee the
weather, which would be unfavourable m
. to souse lands, would be
favourable to others.
And it is probable that the annual produce
of the whole world, owing to the diversity of soil and climate, is
nearly uniform since we very frequently find, that when there
is a scarcity.f corn in one country, there is a superfluity in
,an •
other. In order,, therefore, to keep tbe price of corn uniform,
the market from Which we are supplied should be as extensive as
possible.
11 I would ask, why were fautines.so much more com-
mon
• former times than at present? Wax it not because, forn
the limited means. of communication, every district: was depend-
ant solely upon itself for its agricultural produce, and could not,
in case of scarcity, he supplied. from its neighbours ? The corn
taws produce, in a less degree, exactly the same elect at present.
They prevent the superfluity of one country from being sent off to
supply the necessities of another, and are thus most prejudicial to
the interest of all classes of society. To the landowner, whose
property is often only a lita-inennie, and subject to incurnbrances,
it must surely bs most important that it should not be (foetus-

tingco:vlbilutitknnetnhotuat:hooteosbhtehaouintld:skwinhinoejulno•
ttohhiewe
.ret.esotouuroncedaersre on
oe
awprebhuisncedhnatlinsterter4remall:
top depend.
rieeof
eo r
nT
iso tchoemfamrmonelry,
hfliugetteuratiionnsthinis thceoupnrtircity o
thawf grit,:
hasartie:
exceedd the ordinary home consumption, the farmer is unable to
a Scar of mat abundance. is uniformly
,a, periodY
of sig ti.
isplose of the produce, and prices become taitictuil low.--
This,
cultural distress. Cali We peg a stio;igi)i- penaure on the pte"
sent system, than what has feed often jititly Observed,,, tii4
it renders the bounty of nature a curse, atid Pei the cp.7•1
tivator of the soil an interest directly opposed to that. Of th'
:VC 31 tin Ctillitlintlitis To the labouring classes, flueltilv
tion in tae price of bread must be productive of the melt
lAisailiiqui eorisequences: But we are told, that however injerione
the torn Lar‘vii friiii lit:, jet Plait fife Legislature have no right to
make arty alteration in theitt ; did there aft Write persons in ex-
alted stations, who have gone go far al ltd &elate, that they should
regard any atteratiOn in the present system as a violation of private
Property, and. that they, should consider it their duty to take every
means in their power to suppOit the value of those estates which
they had inherited from their ancestors. I Wotdd tell mich per'
sons, and I trust the people will tell them, that they fie*
have received from their ancestors an hereditary right to rid
~
fellow-countrymen. Nay, I would tell them, that the fact whira
they assumed is utterly false, since the Corn Laws did not exist
in the time of their ancestors. It is only thirty or forty Yea°,
which we :principally complain,p was not
since the Corn Trade was comparatively free, and the Act °'
period as 181 b. I would then ask you, I would ask all nil'
prejudiced men, whether, considerino. that the Corn Laws were
passed at so late & period, considering that they were passed solely
ruein
consequence of the influence which the landowners posse" in 1
Legislature—whether it is fair that we are not only to he refil'ii6
all redress, but that, when petitioning for relief, we ate,w4„:
charged with attempting a violation of private property ? '". -
too good an opinion of the landowners of this country, to belle"
that such sentiments are at all general amongst them. But there
is soother class who defend the Corn Laws on the ground that
they are really beneficial to the country. These are the perss:re
who' arrogate to themselves the proud title of practical men
(;
,',lO
Passed till to law a
seem to suppose, that because they may he better qualifiel th 6,
their neighbours to estimate the weight of an ox or the produi:e
off
a corn field, that they must therefore necesearily
theoiluitte,
judging of the effect of legislation on the agriculture, manatwi
tures, and the commerce of the empire. These are the peraonasa....,
who brand their opponents with the odious name of theorist .
The fact is, that we have all our theories--the practical men as!
well as the rest. But whilst a good theory is founded orn °t
whiche
larged view of the subject—upon those general principles
fied At the same
are the result of an extensive experience, mod!,
..,., th
time by the peculiar circumstances of each Parycw- oe, vie:
theories of the practical men are founded only
of the question. If you will favour sue with Y°tlrtheories
little longer, I will endeavour to shoal, that of 41 the
now
which have ever been proposed on this subject, there lire woe
more destitute of all foundation in reason or "Pienceithese
more utterly visionary than those of these practical inen-A hiae
professed despisers of theory. Their first theory, and one 011::/,.4
they mainly rely, is, that if the Corn Laws were to be r:s.ai,
the country would be unable to bear the burden of the of
Now I think I am justified in assuming that the capability oi, ,
country to bear taxation must depend upon the amount 01;,
annual income. And even admitting that an alteration iii, tha
Corn Laws might, to a certain degree, diminish the rot el
lia,
landowners, it would certainly, in a much greater degree, ia,_ertia•
the incomes of the other classes, and consequently the wheit *th.
come of the country, instead of being diminished, would be fil„e1;,
increased. To say, therefore, an alteration in the prevent t'sv
would diminish the power of the country to pay taxes, i'l,f.:4'
in other words, that the greater our income the lees able r ' ail
to pay our taxes, or that the removal of one heavy DI ar,,,tiel
on
a narrattention a
render us less liable to pay those which remain. Tbi" "t e'
first theory of the practical men ; but, 2dly, they tell es til'ou,
alteration in the Corn Laws would be injurious to the Inoo,
facturers, because they would thus lose their hest mow, ~f,
According to them, the landowners are the nio,t disintereste:co
sons in the world. They do not support the Corn LaW,
.14
any selfish motive; but they kindly allow a certain sunieolble;,,,,
to be annually thrust into their pockets, solely with th 1"
lent view of encouraging the manufactures of their cooltirrY.,,
answer to this argument, I will put an exactly rimila 'arat'r'so,
Suppose that an agent of Government were to call oPo"
..
nc
dot
this tax was levied solely for his benefit finer'
man and demand 501., and were to tell him at the same t.il ....,a,
true that 40 of these pounds would be utterly log tt°i,turatorotr",
yet that the remaining 10 would he paid to one of no, the trade*"
who would probably spend it at his shop. 11,cath!„zizery ? trade*"
man think that he was adding ion" feec'tid to slifrt
on precisely the same principles re'd are: e-' enstomett.
this tax on corn, with the hope r ' ierel'A cur d • ea(
o. ii _,;(.4„, $)
When I tell you that these are the arguments, which, prop'
day, throughout the whole of last Session, wer;aiantot,-thst
tied by Peers of the realm, in their :plates in ;on bY roast
these are the arguments which were mainly relit llpou
*ill anoo,
of the Gentlemen of the other House,
I am
ssnel. Till
that they are, at any rate, worthy a serious refutation
le -....50ne, an,
tions for any supply of corn,
is an argument which has great weight with sonic r.c. .it has
'which I should not do right to plus over withou
0011,„,40 in;
altho.oF.heo::o"ry,
been thought, that if we were to be dependent llSson ;0"0,01in,
we
ihmildbehea serious,
i 011.4 g°,
_bilecie6/: t°l
in time of war. This would, indeed,
such apprehensions. Le us only consider with h vr'riie pr
cies in common use we are constantly supplied bY,_,., i, ti ale
change of system ; but I can perceive no ground)lo‘u_sey arts"
tions, and which we find no difficulty in procnri7.6 of 'n-
either of peace or war. I would take, for
eXaMP holoener
. Ott an hr,
population of cotton wool. It is well known ,e man ~,
population is employed in this Country in Inure in trie.,
facture of cottons, and, consequently, that 11.199,_.:iii ths
tina,
supply of cotton wool would cause the utmost (.01:71„ of co il
nufsetering. districts. Yet, although our whole. olnioreoicsteto
wool must be imported from abroad, and althougti), it
assert, that throughout the whole of the last, wsiriefi'cietoey 4,
sir et
tress was ever occasioned in consequence of din every Pir ~.
in comparatively only a small part of the world, ::111_;,..eir'ett:rder_
supply. But Corn, on the contrary, is cultivate
.too itrel';'ef
the globe, and we should never import more theiLss shirtier
411
tion of our whole consunaption. All eppeehem`:,`";, me stn 0"*„.,
famine, from removing restrictions on the corn trail)
r,
_tatotioecow•ro,
some or the g i!. peign 1.0
gri t owuonudilde a s
be. n
nlisasi
rt I y
to, we
removeare t oaldn
so long as protection is continued to our Ore olufac,
007, ybpyart of the datY u:rectures' or.
suppose that any considerable proportion ofeliocil
sn m
utter legbe
can, at present, require protection, aliewa„, aorcelY 1141, Of
ranee of the state of the fact, that I coma
rarely
*donee)). ory
lieved that such an argument could beg,...au aw $t the oor,
what use can protection be to our Ineinum;i, the borne loso
time when they not only supply the 11'11°1.00er of the floe
ket, but are forcing their way into el., „a op foreign ref
in spite of the high duties and prohibition 0f Our rnatr"- V
manta ? It is trite, that some brillgll. °oteetion ot "a ore
have unfortunately been hampered by pot Lie expedient at
gislature—at protection which it might
.... hoe,.su'coe,
• iortout ger et to
and entirely to remove ; although MI ~,.. „Orono one
tend that no alteration should be made in the ;tide ateurro ese
been taken towards that end. But it's ritil.
until all protection is removed from dutiesev whist' fito, en
factures, especially when it is these hig itto. for
ide. od
great obstacle to the removal of that ?rote°
f the FAchelltitnti°
part, I sun of opinion, that the Cle.ncel or 0. , e ,„ tha ir le for
the President of the Board of Trade arc entitle t..rtemiy 010", e eo
of their counfry for the efforts which they bay° a and I lia.t, will
the removal of restrictions from our commerce. ;coo", it b dutiel °//,,,er
doubt, that if they will persevere in their oorl
, g f their fedber tha
acquire reputation far surpassing that or any 0 ider obet
ropitY
It is therefore for the people of England to 'it'll'
may the °P„Pii3Oeed aft
will give them their support. Never again ---. .0 tes
_,,re
occur. Never again may we have a Ministry' son`nv: doire,teettr; if
this important question. lf, then, you l'n've...,bi,,, acOon 0, Or
serve the reputation which you have so holr,u_i_".. c'eoetrY,
_tiro+
you take any concern in the prosperity of rf.. ~etitiont i'll, the
welfare of your posterity, you will send illi.:°;', ii trus i
_i'Llo)
this iniquitous and oppressive tax, genet! non, ,thix poi,
almost unanimous signiori-es of the inhabitant o'
. _

town.
Mr. Alderman Lowe seconded the Resolutions.
The Resolutions were unanimously can ied. . arto'
WILLEAM EvANS' ER(I. proposed the Petition for to! ~r,,,
of the meeting, and remarked, that the fluctuations itt toe iii,,lte
corn was a ruinous circumstance ; to the por, vir'ore MO ~,,,Ie
chided tabita made him but little calculated• to motor into, tote'
°ln
diminution "la ntillannisaodteothifrahgth, reparinndcest wwaohuod;ea;:ftluYifol'eflajoil iweat:USeetd:Ceprfr‘reerCia:7l'.o°_,Hnif:Prilrt‘il
so closely as it should do. And it vrai equally ioj trwrudtrol
landowner, who, in general, was not remarkable for 110 Pf,,,,tof
At the conclusion of Mr. Evans's speech, the Petition '''-
Wit,u.att Razes., Esq. seconded the Petition. who
Jor Cox, Eaq• proposed, that the Duke of Persti, scd t,
requested to ►resent their Petition to the Rouse of resent it 4, ti
the Members for the Borough he requested top
House of COMMOttf•
whichn ditbeamnkestir ofoltbwe lfecaetooding.weris then voted to the
o#4r; 11°

LONDON,
THURSDAY EVENING, NOV. 16, 1826.

His Majesty's packet brig Swallow has arrived at
Falmouth with an American and Halifax Mail ; she
sailed from New York on the sth ult., and from Hali-
fax on the 21st. The late arrivals from New York
baying brought us papers of a more recent date, we
learn no news by this mail from the United States.
The Halifax Papers arc likewise destitute of important
matter. The Jupiter, bearing the flag of Rear-
Admiral LAKE, was lying at Halifax when the packet
sailed.

Rear-Admiral Lake, and Mrs. and Miss Lake, arrived at Hali-
fax last evening, from their visit to the Upper Provinces. A pe-
tition to the Right Hon. the Lords Commissioners of his Ma-
ieety's Treasury was in the course of signature at the Committee
ofTrade Rooms, complaining of the conduct of the collector of the
Customs of that port. The petition alleges the grievances which
have been suffered by the merchants since Mr. Percival came
into office, the great, unauthorised, and illegal increase of
fees, the general unaccommodating spirit and often pique
manifested; and the limited and frequent injOrious hours
of business kept at the Custom-house. The petition alludes
to the want of local controul, and alleges the concurrence
of the two Houses of the Legislature and judgments of the Court
of King's Bench, in the petition, are documents corroborating its
allegations. The petition, which is numerously ip:gned, will, we
understand, be taken home by Mr. Wodehoirse, Surveyor-General
of his Majesty's Customs, now in Quebec. His Excellency the
Governor-in-Chief and Lady Dalhousie arc expected to arrive in
, Quebec about the end of the week.

_ .
A letter has been received in town from Bogota,
dated the 10th August, which gives some details of
the proceedings of the Congress of Panama, which
was then on the eve of removing to Mexico.
tat. A Treaty of Union and Confederation between the four
Representative States, with which all the other States of America
are invited to unite, within the space of one year.
2d. A separate Convention for the renewal of the Congress,
each year in time, of war, and every two years in time of peace.
3d- A Convention fixing the Contingent which each State is
to contribute to the common defence.
4th. An Arrangement for the management of the Contingent.
We have not seen the letter which gives these par-
ticulars; of the measures agreed upon by the Congress,
but, We believe, that there is no reason to discredit
t* contents.

An express from Paris is said to have arrived in the
City this forenoon, but no French Papers had reached
118 at the time at which we went to press.

---
We copy from a Morning Paper the following
'letter, said to have been received from a respectable
quarter, giving a very unfavourable picture of the state
of Egypt :
" ALawmatA, OCT. I.—The grand edifice of civilization
which it has been attempted to introduce into this country is fall-
into ruin. Manufactures, arts, trades, nothing has become
naturalized on the banks of the Nile; and by aiming at toe much,
t°lhing that was projected has been obtained. The Pacha feels
et he undertook things beyond his strength, for his coffers are
It,' and all his resources considerably diminished. His Highness
• ° 'anger pays any body, but complains that he has been cheated
rn very quarter of the world by people who sent him ill-sailing
patchedwhich fell to piecee when launched, and were as much
up es ,they had been twenty years in use.—The cape-
oduzTmag the Morita is ready to set off; but its departure can
ShoYulderi7 tatekde4p)*"ll -4-144111ze it under sail, for there is no money..
the last. • It might ft..., twirfirs I venture to assert that it will be
back Ibrahim Neils, wi;:'filrinvthat it would only serve to take
Let, therefore, the Greeks but hounaelf very awkwardly situated.
tempts at mediation, and,before Itte out: let them regret all at-
gained their cause against that end of 1927, they will have
drawn from them so much blood." Egypt which has already

Pawnbrokers seems to
The iniquitous conduct of
have acquired an additional stimulus, since their vic-
tory over the Equitable Loan Cotnpany---the failure
of which we regret the more, from the want of a coun-
terpoise to the enormous exactions of that charitable
association, the English Jews of famine, who profit
by the necessity of the poor, and are little scrupulous
about the means, so that they attain the end, by,charg.
ing twenty per cent. upon the money they lend, and
two hundred per cent. upon the chance that the article
never goes back again to its owner. With the poor,
extortion and pawnbroker, are synonymous terms, and
the daily practice of " the trade" too truly illustrates
the observation. Pawnbrokers, like hackney coach-
Ten or watermen, would sooner charge double
tinen be suspected of not demanding enoUgh, and
mepoor man who has left a pledge with them
1111 be said to have left hope behind him. We
Eby
that when such frequent instances occur, of
4 harsh behaviour of these public receivers in trust,
4,ll"nnting in some cases to robbery, that the law
.4nee not deal with them something in their own
manner, by awarding the same hard measure of

justice which they practise upon the needy dnd unfor-
tunate. A case occurred yesterday, at Guildhall,
which pretty dearly exemplifies the way in which some
pawnbrokers perform business. A pledge for one
pound, had been surreptitiously sold for three guineas,
and when the pledger demanded the difference, after
paying the expenses, he was not only refused, but in-
sulted. The pawnbroker's assistant admitted that a
balance belonged to the complainant, but that his
master thought proper to detain it, on the ground that
he .had lost by other pledges from the same person, and
said that he was justified in this conduct by the decision
of Sir RICHARD BIRNIE. But although Sir
RICHARD may be a great authority at Bow-street, he
does not appear to enjoy the same honour at Guild-
hall, where the Alderman acted in a more satisfactory
manner, by ordering the pawnbroker to make resti-
tution of his spoil. But we think the Alderman did,
not go far enough—he ought to have inflicted the full
penalty, for the pawnbroker's dishonesty. Pawn-
brokers are the most unconscionable screws in the way
of getting money, and they profit not more by the exi-
gency of the poor, than by their over-reaching bruta-
lity, in cheating those whom they know will fed
ashamed to expose their casual poverty, by bringing
such rascality to justice. And thus knaves prosper,
while the world is deluded by a show of honesty, and
the poor defrauded of their remaining property.

The observation of the LORD MAYOR yesterday,
at the Mansion House, respecting the poor, does him
infinite honour. A poor woman With four children—
two of them helpless and sick—complained of the
conduct of the Parish Officers of Bishopsgate for re-
fusing her relief, when her children were in a state of
starvation. It appeared that she had previously been
receiving six shillings a week from the parish, because
she couldnot obtain any work to support her family, and
their sole reason for now refusing her was that she (lid
not beg for charity, as in duty bound to these high au-
thorities, but demanded it in a manner which they
considered insolent, and so rejected her application
with becoming contempt. The insolence of office is
a very difficult thing to restrain, especially where
the object of attack cannot make any retort, and
the Overseers of Bishopsgate seem to inherit their
full share of that high contempt which expects unli-
mited homage to its greatness. But we think that
the remark of his. Lordship will go a good way to cor-
rect these frequent lapses of undue authority which
these parish worthies are so prone to commit. What
right have they to withhold the public bounty, except
on condition that the distressed must beg it as if it were
a charity out of the Overseers' pockets ? Gon knows,
that the humiliation of virtuous poverty being com-
pelled to ask relief from such quarters is itself la-
mentable enough, without having the insufferable
arrogance of parish officers superadded to its
misfortunes. These officers are only the ministers
of the public charity—not the sole donors, and yet
their manner of dispensing relief, deters many a starv-
ing father and disconsolate mother from appealing to
that hard-hearted jurisdiction. People who have been
reduced to poverty, not from any misconduct of their
own, but from unavoidable causes, will rather perish
in obscurity than encounter the stern rebuff of inquisi-
torial dogmatism. 'They will hide .6 their •ahatite",
from the world, and die of broken hopes and famine,
,nursing the spirit of that independence which cheered
their early days, rather than submit to the open de-
gradation which they must undergo from surly men in
office, before they can receive a miserable pittance
of that sum with which their prosperity had for-
merly enriched the parish. But his Lordship
has very humanely preached a different lesson to
these dispensers of the public charity, and they will
do well to attend to it. Let these worthies place
themselves in the situation of the poor woman with
her famishing orphans, and imagine the cold-blooded
indifference of their successors in office (for they may
yet live to beg from the griping hands of the parish)
and then say, how they would feel the poignancy of
distress increased by such conduct as their own, to this
poor creature who forgot the cringing dissimulation of
the beggar in the urgency of her wants. But it is one
thing to give, and another to receive, and although we
cannot expect that parish officers will add a grace to
their gifts, yet they should not insult the poor when
dispensing the gifts of others. We know that they
have occasionally to deal with customers of the most
hardened description ; but they should husband their
hereditary harshness for those who value their rebuke
in proportion to the extent of their charity.

THE FUNDS.

CITY, Twelve 0' Cloth.

The business transacted in Britiah Funds late yesterday after-
nbon was very extensive, and every species of Stock rose with
great rapidity. The business of this morning has not. been so
large, and Cowls opened at 83i for November, and 83i 4 for
January next ; they were afterwards done at 831, but have now
regained their opening price and look well. Money in the city is
so considerable that the hankers find a difficulty in employing it,
and it has been reported that some of our first London bankers
has intimated to their country banking friends that in the present
unexampled difficulty there is for the employment of money, they
will, for the present; bi unable to allow them interest on the de-
posits remaining in their hands. In the Foreign Funds, the Mexi-
can and Colombian Bouds do not wear the brisk appearance they
(lid yesterday, and are consequently rather lower, Mexican being
67} 6, and Colombian 411 2 ; Portuguese have had an advance,
and are now 79,80 ; Peruvian have also improved, awl are 331 41
Greek 171 i•
Three per Cent. Consols for account, 28th Nov., ; Ditto
for January, 831 4 India 4 per Cent. Bonds, 41 2 pm. ; Ex-
chequer Bills, 23 4 pm.
Foams FUSA6.—Brazilian, 65 6; Buenos Ayres, 64 5;
Claim, 39 40; ?trillion, 381 41 ; Colombian, 1824, 42 ;
Mexican b per cot., 58 ; Ditto 6 per Cent., 621 4 ; Mau_
gum, 79 80 ; Greek, 17 ; Russian, 87 1 ; Spanish, 12 1.
40 35 dis. ; United Mexican, 121
Brazilian, 12 13 pm. ; Bolivar, par, 2 pm. ; Pasco Peruvian,
11111:17;—RAeanlgdie°15filleolnitcea,"40 80 pm. ; Tlalpaxalma, 40 pin. ;
1 2 Per Share • Colombian, 64 9 per Share.
a 27 6 dis. ; Welch Iron and
u"es--British Iron CompanY,
Coal, 17 15 dic

Two o' Clock.
The nearest price of Consols is 831 ; Four per Cents, 1826,
Shares have been
N; small Exchogier Bills 2325 prem.' Mexican Bonds are
;68 Colombian, 4 Greek, 17i 18 . Spanish, 12 I.
advaacerather 2stul inquired after to-day,v
and a small
maybe quoted on Brasil Mines and Real del Monte.
THREE CL 0 CK.
lexican Bonds, 871 8.
:LOSING PRICES.
Danish Bonds 62
Greek Do. 1825 181
Mexican Do. 1825, 68
Peruvian Do. 241
Russian Do. 87
Spanish Do. 12i

Consols 81/, buyers;
FOUR o'CLOCK-4
Consols 83i
Do. for Ac, 831
Brazilian Bonds 67
Buenos Ayres Do.
Chilian Do. 39
Coltunbian, 1824, 42

lid
SHIPPING INTELLAVENCE.
FROM LLOYDS'.—(Tits Dair.)
DEAL, Nov. 15.—Wind N.W._Arrived the Sarah, from the
Mediterranean ; Hudson, Law, from Quebec ; Thomas Bouch,
Bough, from Honduras; Eliza, from Virginia, and Eliza, from
Smyrna. Passed from London, the John, Freeman, for India;
Westbrook, Hall, for Jamaica; and Thisbe, ditto; several of the
outward-bound have sailed. The hornaward-bound remain.
Poo Tssion xn, Nov. 15.—Wind N.W.—Arrived the Pomona,
Wells, from Gibraltar; and K. S. Forbes, Chapman, from Cal-
cutta, sailed the 23d of June, and from St. Helena the 28th of
September.
PLYMOUTH, Nov. 14.—Wind N.—Arrived the Blessing,
Turner, from Newfoundland. Sailed the William and Mary,
Mills, for Lisbon.
Fa cstou.rtt, Nov. 14.—Wind N.—Yesterday at 5 P.M. the
wind shifted from S.W. to N.W. and N.N.W., and blew a tre-
tremendous gale for about two hours, when it became more mode-
rate. The Betsey and Sophia, Garraway, from London for
Dominica, drove on St. Mawe's Bank, and grounded, but was got
off next tide, without damage. Arrived the Swallow packet,
Baldock, from America, 24 days from Halifax. Sailed the Law-
rence, Smart, for London.
GRAVESEND, Nov. 15._Arrived the Smyrna packet from
Smyrna ; Eleanor, Robertson, from Malaga ; Harriet, Brown,
from Hamburgh; and Exmouth, hart, from Petershargli.—
Sailed the Walsingham, Bourke, for the Cape ,• Jessie,
for Yucatan ; Alexander the Great, Pace, for Port-au-Prince ;
Westbrook, Hall, and Planet, Barclay, for Jamaica; Duke of
Kent, Digby, for Trinidad ; Topaz, for Antigua ; and Arab,
Lowe, for Barbadoes.

GREENOCK, Nov. 15.—The Glenbervie, Jones, arrived from
Demerara, fell in with a privateer, under the Colombian flag, on
the 19th inst., in lat. 24., long. 56; sred at her to bring to, was
then hailed and asked from whence and whither bound. She
kept in sight till the 22d.
MAuarrttis, JULY 29.—The Ben Janson, Symers, from
Bengal to the Cape of Good Hope, sailed from Madras the Bth of
June; encountered several gales of wind ; was obliged to throw
part of her cargo overboard ; and making two and a half feet
water per hour (in consequence Of a butt starting) put in here on
the 22d instant, to repair.—N. B. The cargo has since been for-
warded in the Emulous, Wellbank.
The Hunter, Cray, which sailed hence on the 15th instant, for
Hobart Town, having encountered a gale, and making much
water, put back on the 27th to repair.
Extract from Lloyd's agents, at Calcutta, June ri :---The Ganges,
Lloyd, which was on shore in the River has been got off, and ar-
rived off the town, 3d instant, and is supposed she has not sus-
tained any serious injury.
The Indiana, from Rangoon, is on shore in the lower part of
Sanger Roads. On the Ist inst. notice was given by the Marine
Board, of this place, that the lantern of the light-house, at Point
Palmyras, should be regularly lighted from that date.
The John Wells arrived from New York, at Liverpool; passed
a large island of ice, 31st ult. lat. 45. long 48.

NAVAL.—The Lively is to be paid off at Ply-
mouth, and go into ordinary.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF CHANCERY.—(THIs Der.)
want V. vITTy.

The LOAD CMANCILLOX entered the Court at twenty minutes
to eleven o'clock, accompanied by the Chief Justice Abbott and
Best, and stated that he had been requested to inform the bar, that
after a'great deal of consideration, the Court would not give judg-
ment in White v. Vitty till some day in the beginning of next week.