The Sun.
London, England, 1844-07-15 00:00:00

. ,
„,„ •
if'H.E SUN, ‘LONDOI4, MONDAY MORNING, JULY 15, 1644.

Madrid, and having. (Turing the phsenoa of the ,to extinguish the fire the moment the cooking was over,
‘,a e • .A of wood, of embers, fur
aii.:crt,L
bility, the affair of the Falkland Islands, on which, ti.e next
.day's" use. We were no less careful in respect
it may be rememembered, one of Johnson's ,to provisions.
an.14:4-
finest pamphlets was written—he conducted it with FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW No. 66.
such temper and firmness, as at once established his j Chapman and Ihrtl,Tbnilon, 1844.
diplomatic reputation, and obtained him the post of The modern - French- novelists, more especially
Minister at Bt-rlin. At this period Frederick the I3alzac and George Sand, are discussed at so re
Great was in the full vigour of his genius, and Lord length in the' opening article in this Number. The
Malmesbury's Diary and Correspondence furnish us Reviewer is an ardent admirer of Sand, and under-
with some amusing accounts of his peculiarities, i takes to defend him--or rather her, for though as-
which, however, we must receive, cum grano salis, for suming a man's name, the author is a female—from
his Lordship's journal clearly shows that he the charge of immorality in her numerous works of
entertained no very favourable feelings towards fiction. The defence is more ingenious than suc-
this illustrious Monarch. As an instance of his cessful, for few who have read "Jacques" can hesi-
meanness, he tells us that at the festival given in tate to pronounce it an immoral production. Of
honour of the Prince of Dessan's marriage, " all the Balzac, we are told, "there are few Frenchmen
apartments except those immediately dedicated to, who write so incorrectly, none more detestably. Not
supper or cards, were lighted by one single candle! 'to speak of his neologisms, nor of his • use of.
The supper itself was badly served and without dessert, . active verbs in passive tenses, his style is crabbed,
the wines were bad, and the quantity of them stinted." rolix' startling,
and affected. French, in his hands,
If we remember rightly, the chief cause of the via- is no longer the light, idiomatic, easy, pointed, bril-
lent quarrel that took place between Frederick and j liant language we know it, but unwieldy, unintelli-
Voltaire, was the disgust of the former at the gible, and perverse!! These are great drawbacks to
latter's parsimony. The King had thought fit, a novelist's popularity ; but then, to make amends,
in one of his economical moods, to curtail lialzac pos4esses infinite vigour and minuteness of
his philosophic guest's daily allowance of description, and a knowledge of character unsur-
coffee, on which the latter in revenge pocketed passed, if equalled, by any of his contemporaries.
all the royal wax-candles on which he could lay his The " French and English Bar" furnishes an admir-
hands, and was in consequence denounced as an in- able sketch of the celebrated living advocates, Dupin
grate and a thief! Lord Malmesbury insists much and Berryer, the latter of whom is the most
on the fact of Frederick's cruelty, adding that " the I eloquent, earnest, and intrepid lawyer in France.
most ferocious and brutal are sure of' promotion with In the article on the " German Newspaper Press,"
him." It is not thus that history speaks of him. He the Reviewer remarks that this press is without in-
was a stern man and an inflexible disciplinarian; but terest, without influence, without character, without
he was generally just, and could be at times sympathy, and is wholly devoid of all external autho-
even magnanimous, and was certainly anything rity. The article. is written with ability, and to all
but cruel in his conduct towards his subjects, or his appearance, in a strictly dispassionate spirit. In the
death would not have been so universally lamented by " Anglo-Indian Army" we find, inter cilia, a digest
them as we all know it was. On quitting Berlin, of the late memorable proceedings of our troops in
Lord Malmeshury was appointed to the Court of the Affghanistan campaigns. Of the few remaining
Catherine the Second, at St. Petersburgh, and •his t articles, the most entertaining is the quizzical notice
correspondence at this period is full of interest. As of M. Alfred Michael's " Narrative of a Visit to
a matter of course, he saw much of the famous England.'
Prince Potemkin, and bears testimony to the wonder-
ful, and almost tyrannical influence which he
exercised over the mind of his Sovereign.
Favourite after favourite in turn gained the affections
of Catherine, but Potemkin never once lost his ho d
on her regard. She consulted him on all cases of
emergency, endured his bold plain-speaking, and
even submitted to his bullying without a murmur.
This is scarcely to be wondered at, when one con-
siders the .character of the two individuals. B .th
were sagacious determined unscrupulous tad
both were equally devoured by ambition. In the
nature of Potemkin Catherine could not but recognise
the reflection of her own ; she knew, too, that their
interests were in common ' • that he, deprived of
her countenance, would be reduced to a mere
cypher, and that she could find no one
else in her dominions so fully capable of sympathising
with, and carrying out, her vast projects of territorial
aggrandisement. While resident at St. Petersburgh,
Lord Malmesbury, among other noted statesmen of
that time, saw a good deal of Count Cohenzel, of
whom he never speaks otherwise than with respect.
The Count, however, was a very overrated diploma-
fiat, and history has long since reduced him to his
fitting level. Tie was familiar with all the forms
of Court etiquette, and a devout idolater of
royalty; but there was nothing lofty or. sa-
gacious in his views ; nothing bold or decided
in his character; he was a mere political
petit-maitre ; and when some years afterwards he
had to transact diplomatic business with Napoleon,
his utter want of skill, spirit, and efficiency were at
once made apparent. The volumes before us close
with the particulars of the split between the Whigs
in the memorable year 1793, when Lord Malmes-
bury, who had then returned to England, joined the
party who, with Burke and several others, seceded
from Fox. His Lordship gives many curious and
amusing personal details relative to this secession ; but
we prefer quoting his graphic sketch of Frederick
;he Great:—

COLLOQUIES CHIEFLY ON POETRY.
Orr and Cq., London, 1844.

" A few months ago," says the author of this work,
" I, as a printer, commenced undesignedly and with-
out manuscript, a page whimsically headed Collo-
quies on Poetry. The one page germinated and be-
came two hundred, forming an unpretending volume,
the first, it is presumed, that since the birthday of
typography, has ever been mentally and mechanically
the exclusive work of one individual unassisted
throughout by copy, and subject moreover to con-
tinual disconnecting contingencies, comprehensible
only to such as are acquainted with the fitful
routine of a provincial jobbing-office." A volume
produced, under the circumstances here stated
may certainly be deemed a " Curiosity of Li-
terature" as remarkable as any recorded by
D'lsraeli; but it is something better than a mere
curiosity, for though the author's manner, as might
he expected, is throughout his "Colloquies" studiously
involved, and not always in strict accordance with
grammatical propriety, yet his matter is frequently
very good, and in the instance of his observations on
the poetry of Wordsworth, show that he is a just
and subtle thinker, and by no means deficient in
critical perspicacity.

A TRIP TO ITALY. Mitchell, London, 1844.
In this slender octavo volume we have an account,
by a barrister, of a trip made to Italy during the last
long vacation. The author quitted England by way
of Southampton, whence he embarked, per steam,
for Havre, and thence for Rouen, of whose fine
church of St. Ouen, which is the admiration of every
tourist in France, he gives a brief but vivid descrip-
tion. There is nothing in his account of his Italian
trip which demands particular notice. He travelled,
with scarcely one exception, .over perhaps the most
hacknied ground in Europe, and adds little to our
stock of information respecting the towns, and cities,
and picturesque landscapes which be visited. He
narrates easily and p:easantly enough, but his obser-
vations are all exceedingly superficial ; and his work
is better suited to please a private party of friends,
than the public at large.

" The chief amusement of the King of Prussia is
playing on the flute, which he does in a masterly manner.
I had an opportunity of hearing him for a long time, as
I was waiting in his antechamber, to be presented to him.
Though no person is ever permitted to be present at his
concerts but the performers, and some very few others,
yet so afraid is he of playing false that when he is to
try some new piece of music, he shuts himself up some
hours beforehand in his closet to practise it, and even
then when he begins it with the accompaniments he
always trembles. He has a very fine collection of these
instruments, and is particularly nice in the keeping of
them. He has appointed a man who has nothing else
to do but look after them, and preserve them dry or
moist as the season requires. They are all made by the
same man, and be pays a hundred ducats for each flute.
In the last war, when he distributed •false money to
every one, he took care that his flute-maker should be
paid in good coin;fearing that otherwise he would im-
pose upon him, and give him bad instruments.
" Great contradictions in the character of this mo-
narch—profusion of expense in some articles, and the
most niggardly economy in ethers. As a proof of the
first, the sum of money sunk in erecting the Chateau
Neuf, near Sans Souci, where every room is fur-
nished in the most expensive manner, and that not in
taste, but with leads of gilding and tawdry furniture.
This edifice is his own architecture, and I think will not
do him honour. It is built of the most flaming coloured
brick, intermixed with stone pillars and niches, which
are crowded, not with single statues, but whole groups,
and these not after antiques, but according to the fancy
of the workmen The disposition of the rooms in the
inside is very bad, full of doors—four in the room de-
signed for his bed-chamber. One would imagine that in
his buildings he has imitated Louis XIV. Like him,
who preferred the bottom of Versailles to the terrace of
St. Germains, he has given a preference for the situa-
tion of this new palace to a marshy meadow, before the
side of a hill close by—like him, he has instituted
Une Ecole Militaire, un HOpital des Invalides, &c.
As proofs of his meanness, one might cite the smallness
of his pay to all about his court, and employed by
him; but above all, the economy that is attended to in
all manner of festivities given at his expense. On these
occasions, he suffers no one to interfere, but orders
everything, down to the quantity of wax candles, him-
self. I had frequent opportunities of observing this at
he feast given in honour of the Prince of Dessau 's
marriage, at which I was present. All the apartmpnts,
except those immediately dedicated to supper or cards,
were lighted by one single candle. The supper itself
was badly served, and without dessert—the wines bad,
and the quantity of them stinted. I asked, after dancing,
for some wine and water, and was answered, The wine
is all gone, but you may have some tea.' It must be
observed, that these are not public entertainments where
all mankind is admitted, and where these sort of restric-
tions are allowable, but those to which only people of a
certain rank, foreign ministers and strangers, are
suffered to come. I saw the King myself directing his
servants in the lighting up the ball-room, and telling
them where and how they should place the candles.
While this operation was performing, the Queen, the
royal family, and company, were waiting, literally in the
dark, as his Majesty did not begin this ceremony till
supper was finisbed, and no one dared to presume to
give orders to have-it done. When I was to be presented
to him, his Grand Marechal, by mistake, carried me into
a wrong room in the great apartment, instead of that
appointed by the Kiug upstairs in his own. When he
passed by, be would not suffer me to be presented that
day."

WILLIAM CAXTON. C. Knight, London, 1844.
This is a biographical memoir of the celebrated
printer, William Caxton, of whom it may be remem-
bered, Jonathan Oldbuck, in Scott's " Antiquary,"
was so enthusiastic an admirer, and whom he, was
so proud to claim as his ancestor. The. memoir is
very minute and circumstantial in its details ; is em-
bellished with several apt wood-outs and forms the
first volume of Mr. Knight's " Weekly Volume for
all Readers."

HISTORY OF CHINA. VoL
Allen, London, 1-544.

Mr. Thornton, the author of this work, of which
the first volume only is as yet published, has under-
taken a most difficult task in attempting to give an
account of China from the earliest records down to so
late a period as the treaty with Great Britain, in the
year 1844. He is, as we learn from his preface, a
decided believer in the authenticity of the earliest
Chinese chronicles, observing, in justification of his
theory, that " there exists (and, according to the na-
tive authors, always has existed) a Tribunal of His-
tory in China, the peculiar functions of which are to
record the events of each reign, and to protect these
records from sophistication ; and instances will be ob-
served in Chinese history of attempts made by legi-
timate Princes, as well as usurpers, to falsify the
annals, which have been defeated by the honesty of
the guardians." In the more civilised periods of the
world's history there might, unquestionably, exist
a Chinese tribunal of the nature which Mr.
Thornton describes, but the Chinese annals pro-
fess to reach back to the very infancy of mankind, and
surely there could be no native chroniclers at that pri-
mitive and benighted period ! The volume before us
commences with the year 2205, before the Christian
era—an epoch whose annals must surely be apochry-
phal, if not altogether fabulous—and concludes with
the Tcin, or seventh Chinese dynasty, A.D. 420. The
volume evinces a world of curious and frequently
entertaining research ; but the last half of it is the
most useful and instructive, because there the histo-
rian is treading on somewhat firmer ground, and is
not so frequently compelled to resort to the aid of
speculation and conjecture. The work is embellished
with a map of China on a most enlarged scale, and
drawn up apparently with the most scrupulous regard
to geographical accuracy.

ROMAN REMAINS IN THE ClTY.—Last week, in
the course of some excavations which are being made in 1
Huggin-lane, Upper Thames-street, for the formation of
a sewer, the men discovered an ancient Roman wall, about
thirty yards from Upper Thames-street. It extended about
50 feet up the centre of the lane, and was about 4 feet wide,
about 3 feet from the surface, and 6or 7 feet deep It was
composed of flint stones, bricks, and mortar, irregularly
intermixed, and so firmly cemented that an iron wedge was
obliged to be used to separate the mass. A few days pre-
vious, while digging in Bread-street-hill, an adjoining
thoroughfare on the west of Huggin-lane, leading out of
Upper Thames-street, two other Roman walls, of a similar
construction, about 5 feet from each other, were found, and
Which form a junction with the wall in Huggin-lane. These
two walls, which front the river, it is supposed, extend a
considerable way westward, as when the earth was opened to
make a sewer, last year in Fye-foot-lane, they readied
there ; and as some remains of a Roman wall, within the last
day or two, have been met in Peter's-hill, several hundreds
of yards westward. A great number of red Roman tiles were
found, some of which had inscriptions on them, from which
circumstance it is concluded by antiquarians who have
visited the spot, that at this locality, about 1,700 years ago,
there was a Roman temple. Amidst the gravel, which was
a few feet from the surface at the end of Bread-street-hill,
were the ruins of what appeared to have been a first-rate
Roman mansion. There were, throughout a distance of
several feet, fragments of walls, many pieces of which had
beautiful fresco paintings on them. On one of them the
honey-suckle flower was distinctly traced. There were
also a few pieces of Roman tesselated pavement, besides
which were some Roman and silver coins, one of which was
of the reign of Vespasian.
Cassia IN FRANCE.--Ninety-five parricides in ten
years! This is the progress of morality since it has
been attempted to render it independent of religion ;
this is the progress of what M. Guizot, in his doc-
trinary neologism, would call laic morality. We may, at
the same time, be permitted to believe that the Pro-
cureur-General alluded only to such parricides as have
been condemned, and by public punishment have satis-
fied human justice. How many have escaped the axe of
the law? Ninety-five condemnations imply more than
ninety-five accusations, and it would be very rash to '
conclude that every one of those who have been ac-
quitted was innocent. It is not enough, then, to set down
the number of parricides in ten years at only ninety,
five. Still this number was sufficient to alarm the
people, ordinarily so frivolous, who seek in the Court of
Assizes and the scenes it discloses for emotions and ex-
citement. It has become the topic of conversation in
every society, and is commented on with strange feel-
ings. The application of extenuating circumstances
to the case of Rousselet, an application which is badly
understood, or not at all comprehended, seems to
have added to the general terror, People ask them-
selves, why was this indulgence granted to a man who
had not only acknowledged his guilt, but who publicly
detailed all the circumstances of his crime, and hoped to
find exculpation by making a charge of complicity,
which was not only denied, but was legally proved
not to have existed Y Was the jury wanting to the
law ? Was the law wanting in justice ? We repeat
oestios which we
these have heard putbut who
can dare to answer them ? There are frequently,
in the administration of criminal justice, mysteries so
pro Found that every man of true conscien,.:e must
humble himself before them. However, amidst all
the uncertainties, there i§ tine fact, pnfortuiptely, but
too ceyCaiii-the constant ang almost regular increase in
the number of crimes since 1830. This is a subject of
painful reflection, not only for the men who govern, but
Op for those Who; through the press, have influenep
over the public mind. It would Be well to search out
the causes Of the evil thus spreading over society, and
which its
progress may be stopped,
the means bY—
N • -
t4ocutierilo,
PR nit}, JJNE 27.—The tranquillity of this city
has not lieen interrupted. All the manufactories are in full
*irk, on account of the approaching annual fairs of Braun
uua 11444;

WRANGELL'S SIBERIA AND POLAR SEA,
Madden, London, 1844.
The expedition to the Polar Sea, of which the nar-
rative is contained in this duodecimo volume, was
undertaken in 1820 and the three following years, by
Admiral Wrangell, of the Russian navy, and the
work is now brought out under the superintendence
of Lieutenant-Colonel Sabine, R.A. It is an in-
teresting record of privations and difficulties in
the regions of intense cold and barrenness, manfully
struggled against and finally overcome, by a hardy
band of adventurers ; but in other respects it can
scarcely be called an attractive work, for we know
almost all about the Polar Seas that we are ever
likely to know, considering that nature seems to have
fixed there an insuperable barrier against the pro-
gress of further discovery ; and were it not so,
still little public interest can attach to a region
which can never be rendered available for useful
purposes, and where the scanty population are in that
state of irreclaimable barbarism that they may almost
be said to be aliens to the great family of human
nature. The author's narrative of his second journey
on the Polar Sea is the most entertaining, because it
is the roost fruitful in point of incident, and con-
tains among other piquant particulars, one or two
curious descriptions of bear-hunts on the ice; one
brute was killed after a desperate struggle by the
lance of a Cossack, and it was found that he measured
above nine feet from the snout to the tail, and was so
heavy from excessive fat that it required more than
twelve strong dogs to drag him along. We close our
brief notice with the authors descriptions of a night's
bivouack on the Polar ice ;
The day was now so far spent, and both men and
dogs were so wearied by their exertions, that we deter,
mined to stay where we were for that night. The tent,
before de;Epribed, formed the centre of the little camp ;
four smaller tents, or pologi, belonging to the merchant
Bereshnoi, and to the richest of our drivers, were
pitched near it ; and the sledges were drawn up, so Ai
to form an outer circle, within which the dogs were
tethered. This arrangement afforded entire security
from any unforseen attack by bears, forth.sy could not
approach the camp without being discovered at some
distance by the keen scent of the dogs. The weather
was beautiAll, and we availed ourselves of the bright
evening twilight to warm ow-selves before lying down to
rest, by practising shooting and throwing wars at a
mark.- A piece of ice was made to represent the bear,
certain appts on it were marked as the eyes, the nose,
and the heart, and yohoeveF it one of them obtained a
right to join in the next bear-hnnt. During these exer-
cises some of the party were engaged in tepairing.the
damaged which the sledges had undergone among the
liinnthoCks ; 4hers in sig.ipinc, and cutting up the bear
which had been 4 tad preparing supve, &c. Ilt
going the greatest frugality inTeEpect
to Wopd;' fuel was entrusted to one of
I(9sacP, whoe'duty Was to see that the least
irtai epp r oin the tea and 41,
- ..0.-V4 • • ,„

sible qw.t..._ .

THE BANK CHARTER.

The follovtit:g is a copy of the petition presented to
the House of Lords, on Friday, from the Society-_ for the
3mitincipaticii of Inthistry4 by the Earl Of Mountcashel :
To the Right Honourable the Lords Spiritual and
Temporal in Parliament assembled.
The petition of thit Members of the Society for the
Emancipation of Industry hereby sheweth—
That your petiatiners are variously connected with,
and interested in,` rades and professions which bring
them to a knowledge of the difficulties which the Mone-
tary Law of 18143 has thrown in the way of all classes
of producers ; 'and to a conviction of the privations and
sufferings whicl it has inflicted upon artisans and la-
bourers.

That your petitioners have paid particular attention
to the working of that law, and are prepared to prove
from incontestible evidence that it has taken from the
poorer classes of society upwards of thirty millions ster-
ling annually, by depriving them of the fruits of their
labour, to the amount of that enormous sum.

That while taxes have been imposed on articles of con-
sumption, which the producer and the vendors were al-
lowed by means of paper money to recover, during the
late war, from the consumer, the poor producers of
those goo& are deprived, by the Act of 1819, of the
means of charging those taxes to the parties who ought
to pay them.
That your petitioners had hoped, that when the time
arrived for the reconsideration of the Bank Charter,
some means would be taken for the correction of this
grievous error ; but they are alarmed to see by the Bill
which has just passed the House of Commons, and is
now before your Lordships' House, that there is no in-
tention of correcting it.
That, on the contrary, plans are proposed for adoption
which will have the effect of still further contracting the
amount, as well as the free and proper use of the circu-
lating medium of the country, to the increased Injury of
the productive classes, their further impoverishment—
the enriching of those who can live without labour, at
the cost of the poor producers of the wealth ; the en-
riching of the foreigner at their expense ; and the heart-
less surrender of the industrious members of the commn-
inanity to the grasp and thraldom of money dealers and
usurers.

That if this Bill should become law, it is impossible
that the National Debt can be reduced, that the interest
can continue to be paid, and that the taxes can much
longer be extorted from those who are now unjustly com-
pelled to pay them. Already the miseries endured under
our monetary system, introduced in 1819, little under-
stood, but miserably felt, have expressed themselves in a
desire fur organic changes on the part of the operative
classes. By such means the constitution of this country
has become materially altered, and symptoms of this
character still extensively exist. Your petitioners, with
reference to the effect of an insufficiency of remuneration
for labour, induced by the causes before assigned, cannot
but refer with alarm to the distressing accounts daily re-
ceived from Suffolk and other English counties.
That the effect of the passing of the present measure
will be an increase of pauperism, which will deprive the
wealthy of much of the benefit they appear to derive
from the lower prices of all commodities ; that the
farmer and landowner will begin to find the pressure of
the rates intolerable, attended, as it will be, by a great
reduction in the average price of corn ; and that dis•
affection and despair will soon convert our labouring
people—once the most loyal, and still the most patient
and enduring of any on the face of the earth—into a
lawless, truculent, and revengeful race.
That the reasons urged for the adoption of the Bill now
before Parliament, are not only not justified, but con-
tradicted by the evidence of history, reason, and expe-
rience ; that the spirit and influence which dictated them
has already seduced the House of Commons to vote—
contrary to its recorded opinion under happier auspices
—that what is morally wrong may be politically right ;
that the labour, which is destructive to the health of fac-
tory women and children of tender years, which is an
impediment to their moral improvement and religious
instruction, and a means, it is to be feared, of destroying
their souls as well as their lives, is yet so necessary to the
manufacturing and commercial interests of this great
nation, that these wretched slaves cannot be suffered to
remit even a sixth part of their daily toil ; that this
miserable alternative is a consequence of that ill-advised
measure of 1819, which will be more fearfully aggravated
in its effects on these victims of an erroneous money
system, when the new law has given increased severity
to the old one ; and that the blessing of Heaven cannot
be expected to rest upon this country if evils of such
magnitude as these are to be the fruits of its legislation.
That your petitioners humbly submit, that the very
fact of gold being the most convenient measure of ex-
change between countries trading on equal terms,
renders it the most unfit to form the currency of a
country more highly taxed than others—that the only
currency suited to a country in the highly-taxed con-
dition of Great Britain, is a symbolic currency (that is,
one without intrinsic value), a medium of interchange
that, with the responsibility of the Government, and
being receivable in payment of taxation, would be at
least as secure as gold—that, consequently, such sym-
bolic money should be convertible into gold at its market
or real price in such money, and not at an arbitrary
price, which, unless disadvantageous to the country,
cannot come into operation, as no foreigner dealing with
us will be bound by it; that the inevitable consequence
of fixing a low price on gold is the reduction of the
price of productive industry to the same level. Your
petitioners, therefore, humbly submit, that even if your
Lordships see fit to pass the said Bill during the present
session, it should contain a provision that the Bank of
England should be required to pay the amount of ,these
notes on demand in gold, at the market price only, and
not at the Mint price.
That admitting the propriety of such regulations as
may prevent fraud, your petitioners deprecate as unwise,
impolitic, unconstitutional, and unjust, all those parts of
the Bank Charter Bill which limit the amount of private
transactions of trade in the shape of promissory notes, as
tending unnecessarily and mischievously to cripple the
energies of the nation, and to deprive the working
classes of desirable employment.
That your petitioners, therefore, humbly pray that
they may be suffered to prove, before a Select Committee
of your Right Honourable House, the truth of the alle-
gations they herein make, in order that the before-men-
tioned Bill may not receive the sanction of your Lord-
ships ; and that your petitioners may receive such relief
as, in the estimation of your Right Honourable House,
their case may seem to require. And your petitioners,
as in duty bound, will ever pray.
Signed on behalf of the members of the Society.
July 9th, 1844.

THE CURRENCY.

In his speech on the subject of the New Poor-law, Mr.
Cochrane fortified his positions by arguments borrowed
from Sir James Graham's work on " Corn and Currency."
The Right Hon. Baronet, in reply, sought to justify at
once his former opinions and his present course of action.
" I still hold," exclaimed the Home Secretary, " that the
Act of 1819 inflicted -cruel injury on debtors, and
on the agricultural body ; but in such matters
time is everything ; and I am not now prepared
to vote for a repeal of the currency law of
1819." Sir James Graham errs deeply in his conclusion
on this subject. In a matter like the money law of
1819, " time" is not " everything," nor will any lapse
of time deprive such a measure of its destructive in-
fluences. Within the last fifty years England has been
visited with two currency revolutions. Of these, the
first was the suspension of cash payments in 1797; the
second was the resumption of cash payments in 1819.
These two revolutions aimed at diametrically opposite
objects. The first involved a confiscation of a
portion of the property of creditors. The second
involved a confiscation of a portion of the property of
debtors and producers. Both the revolutions in question
may be described as dishonest in their nature. But
although equally dishonest, they have not been equally
destructive.

- - .
To rob creditors generally speaking, to rob the rich
of their superfluities. To rob debtors and producers is,
frequently, to doom these classes to the deepest misery.
There is another distinction between the character of
the two operations. In robbing creditors, a Government
can impart completeness to its work. In robbing debtors
and producers, the process, if on a large scale, never can
be brought to a close.
The Act for the suspension of cash payments may
have robbed creditors of one-third, or of one-half, of the
money which they had lent. The money bad changed
hands, and the authority of the law absolved the debtor
from the necessity of paying the full amount of the
money which he had borrowed. The debtor held in his
own hands the power of profiting by an unjust law.
The Act for the resumption of cash payments did not,
and could not, lead to such decisive issues. The money
law of 1819 has indeed added fifty per cent. to the
mass of debt existing at that time ; but the severity
and injustice of that law have not led to a settlement of
our public and private debts. The mass of debt has,
in other words, been ordered to be paid, at a fearfully
enhanced rate ; but the order has been obeyed, only to
the most inconsiderable extent.

What, in fact, does Sir James Graham mean, when
he declares that, " in a matter like the currency law of
1819, time is everything ?"
Has the efflux of time, since 1819, paid the national
debt ? Has the efflux of time, since 1819, paid the al-
most incalculable mass of private debt which existed at
• that period ?' In reference to the operation of a mea-
sure like the suspension of cash payments, " time " is,
indeed, " everything," because, in such a case the
debtor has received and spent his creditor's money; but,
in reference to the operation of a measure like the cur-
rency law of 1819, " time " is nothing—for the creditor
class has not, except to an inconsiderable extent, been
able to realise the principal of that debt, which it has been
the pleasure of the Legislature so unjustly to augment.
Leaving, however, the case of mere debtors and cre-
ditors, let us consider the case of producers—a class
whose interests are always identical with the interests of
debtors. Producers have an interest in the establish-
ment of high prices : so have debtors. The higher the
reward of industry, the more easy does it become to dis.
charge debt. _ _

CIRCULAR TO THE HOUSE OF LORDS.
Office of the Society, 22, Parliament-street,
July 8, 1844. •
My Lord,—The Committee of the Society for the
Emancipation of Industry earnestly call the attention of
your Lordship to the consequences which must ensue
from the Bank of England Charter Bill passing through
Parliament in its present state. The Committee are
convinced that the sure tendency of the measure is
still further to impair the fair return to capital
and industry in this kingdom, by a contraction of
the circulating medium, when, in point of fact, an ex-
pansion of the circulation is imperatively required to
relieve the increasing productive energies of this highly-
taxed country ; to prevent the continued depression of
the wages of labour, and the miseries of the operative
classes incident to it ; and to avert that diminution of
rents of land which, viewed in connexion with the exist-
ing charges upon it, threatens to deliver over our landed
interest to the iron grasp of the money power.
The Committee of the Society are induced to hope
that the Bill in question will yet be stayed, until a dis-
tinct inquiry is instituted into the probable effect of the
measure. They are more anxious that this investiga-
tion should take place, because it cannot fail to have
been observed, that throughout the discussion in the
House of Commons, the Prime Minister, who has con-
ducted the Bill, has studiously avoided any reference to
the National Debt and indirect taxation of the country--
essential elements in the question of the currency.
The Society for the Emancipation of Industry have
endeavoured to bring before the public and Parliament
the following important considerations :
That were Parliament legislating for the currency of
a country in which direct taxation only existed, a cur-
rency such as that now proposed, of gold, at 3/. 17s. 10f1.,
the continental price, or a paper convertible into the
precious metals at that rate, might be consistent and j ust.
That the monetary Bill of 1819 was based on the
erroneous principle of requiring the Bank of England
to take up its notes at a Mint price, fixed prior to the
existence of the present scale of the National Debt and
taxation ; that the fluctuations and panics that have
occurred have arisen from the attempt to compel the
Bank of England to pay its notes • in gold, otherwise
than at the market price in such notes, as in the years
between 1797 and 1819 •, and that the more rigorous
" complement" of the Bill of 1819 can only serve to
aggravate instead of to prevent such fluctuations and
panics, when from a failing harvest, or foreign loans,
or other investments, or a disturbance of the balance of
trade, gold shall flow out of the country.
That whenever prices expand in this country to a re-
munerating level,—namely, to that just and proper level
which permits of taxation being added to natural or
gold prices,—then, under our present system, gold, not
being permitted to riso in price, becomes the cheapest
commodity in the British market, and is sure to be ex-
ported in preference to our manufactured goods.
That the large amount of taxation in this country,
levied first by Customs and Excise on the producing
classes, to the extent of about thirty-five millions annu-
ally, enhances the price of all commodities produced, and
consequently requires a circulating medium so expansive
in its nature as to permit taxation, indirectly levied, to be
added to natural price ; without such a medium, the
taxation, for the most part, rests upon the producing
classes—an end unjust, impolitic, in its issue ruinous,
and never contemplated by the Legislature when this
form of taxation was imposed.
That in 1797, the nation, under the administration of
Mr. Pitt, adopted a legal-tender paper currency, conver-
tible into gold at the market price k--- that by this means
it became possible to extend the National Debt and
taxation enormously, and at the close of the war to dis-
charge a large portion of the debt so created. That
what was called depreciation of the paper currency in
that day was really nothing more than the just opera-
tion of a synatiolic currency, not intrinsically valuable,
allowing the indirect taxation existing in this country
to be added to natural price, that is to say, the
pound to become less available in the purchase of
commodities in exact jroportion as the price of sueh
commodities had become enhanced by indirect taxation.
This state of the circulation, which is calculated to
facilitate foreign as well as the home trade, exisf,o4 A‘oati
the year 1797 to 1819, when tin syts ef 4-uch sym-
boliC mcry vests 41,,iiflutivoci, and It became impos-
Ole n future, to any just extent, to add indirect taxa-
tion to price.
-That from its scarcity, and limited extent asma tom-
modity, gold is not desirable, will not suffice, and
indeed is unfit as a rneditim of internal circulation

Take then, the case of producers. Can it be said
that with reference to their social position, the operation
of the currency law of 1819 is changed in its character
by " time ?" The currency law of 1819 destroyed
the relations of value which then subsisted between
money and labour. Has the lapse of time since
1819 restored those relations ? Has the currency law
of 1819—professing, as it did, to restore the standard of
value which existed before 1797—restored those rela-
tions of value between labour and money, which pre-
vailed before the introduction of the Act for suspending
cash payments ?
To assume, as the bullionists do, that by til• money
law of 1819, they restored the old standard of value, is
simply absurd. They merely re-adc,pted the old Mint
price of gold. They did not restore the old standard of
value, inasmuch as they did not, restore to labour the
relative value which it possessed befch 1797.—P05t.

S

___,
in this country ; although a most suitable coin- ( A PREMIER'S :MIX.
-
modity for measuring the transactions andin- RAILWAY' _f_ 's- ss s„____:-.'sts 1::::
.terchanges of nation with nation. That to adopt i TO THE EI)IT 0 R i ,1111-era-i-,1 . '
gold at its natural Value as the national currency, is a SlR,—Our glorious Dicta c:;s3"-sikel"-' ttirla-slklsire,-4/
rrti'gression from civilisation—is indeed to revert to plot, improves daily ! every eveli n' s' rtisiis4n/
the ancient and rude system of barter, admitting of no -
i in. the House, develops some nen r - --2tni.
modification arising from circumstances as they exist in
this nation. That the gold equivalent currency, pro- i tivating grace. -
turned
i up from the
posed for the future to rule in this country, can only The latest gem which has
admit of a range of prices on the level of gold—namely, exhaustless mine of his merits is—his astounding
the untaxed continental level. I modesty !
That the paper-money proposed to be issued by the At the fag-end of an exhausting session to a
Bank of England and the provincial banks, under the fatigued remnant of legislators, he brings forward a
sanction of the Crown, to the extent of -thirty-nine Bill founded on an enormously voluminous report
millions, is intended ultimately to be based on Govern- j of packed evidence (see Mr. Russel's speech), the said
ment securities and on gold conjointly ; the latter, j Bill affecting only some seventy millions of invested
being in the proportion of one-third, will have the effect capital, and an equal amount purposed, or expected,
of keeping down the whole paper circulation to the ,
gold level. The Committee of this Society submit to be invested in like manner.
Some of the Members, adverting to the immense
that it would be far more simple, economical, effective,
and at the same time more sound, to adopt at once an importance of the question, request an adjournment,
issue of paper from the Exchequer in convenient negotia- that they may have a little more time to consider it ;
ble amounts, to the extent of taxation ;or an arrangement and this modest Minister (this Cabinet Cymon !)
for the purpose might still exist in connection with the actually snubs the parties in the manner which Dr.
Bank of England—such paper, after being issued for Birch may be supposed to assume towards his refrac-
value, to be receivable in the payment of taxes, and to tory school-boys preparatory to a horse-ing !! !
be convertible into gold at the market price in such The cool insolence with which Ministers and Mem-
paper. ' Let it be assumed that the annual taxation of bers now assume the right of meddling with the
the country is now fifty millions—the issue of Exchequer
rivate enterprises of theßritish people, is really
money so proposed would, if required by internal corn- 13 ,
merce, increase the amount proposed to be issued on exemplary. .
securities and bullion eleven millions only; it would A few weeks since Lord Ashley proposed to regu-
enable the Government to pay off the debt owing to the late the hours of labour of half a millioe of opera-
Bank of England, leaving the capital of that establish- tives. Sir Attila Marplot has just passed through
went for its legitimate purposes; it would save the na- the House a Bill shackling the whole currency of the
tion annually in interest one million and a half ; it empire, and now he modestly proposes to transfer (in
would diminish in extent, in proportion as taxation, the effect) to Government the management—nay, almost
cause of its adoption as a symbolic currency, diminished existence—of railways (vide the able comments of the
and rendered it unneccessary. The proposed issue would Times of Tuesday,) and actually hectors at Members
lift up prices generally to a remunerating level—would who dare to ask a day or two to consider his exqui-
leave the foreigner to sell to our merchants, or to pur- . -
sitely modest propositions.
chase from them with gold, which would exist abun-
dantly in the country as a commodity, on terms equita- He has lately adopted a new trick— -(is there not a
ble to both parties—and would remove those beset- character in one of Dickens's works named ~ the
burnings and contending interests between classes. of Artful Dodger ?")—this is, to request that the House
producers by which the nation has been agitated since will be so polite as to suffer his Bills to be read a
the passing of the Bill in 1319. second time (almost as a matter of form), and to take
It is only right, therefore, that the Government objections at the next stage. Now I have always uns
should show how, in this country, prices are to be kept derstood that the passing the second reading of, a Bill
down—as Sir Rejsert Peel has publicly -avowed he, de- sanctioned its principle, and that future opposition
signs they should be, to the level of gold—and the taxa- was understood to be limited to matters of detail; so
Lion incident to the National Debt is to be defrayed. It h.
that
is request is, " declere that it is right to limit
is right, too, the Minister should show with what justice
the profits on railways, and you can afterwards decide
—until the National Debt is paid off or extensively re-
if we shall insert 10 or 11 per cent."
duced—the Government of this country can confine the
interchanges of the nation to a currency that has the COMMON SENSE.
effect of throwing so heavy a sum of taxation as that of P.S.—Another beautiful specimen of Sir Attila's
the Excise and Customs on the industrious classes of the modesty is to be found in his justification of these
nation—an effect most unjust and oppressive to those enormous grasps at power :
" can
classes, leading to the overstrained, because underpaid, " What motive," says the bashful Minister,
employment of the factory, and to the insufficient remu- Government have, except the desire to benefit the
neration of agricultural labour. public, in bringing forward measures unpalatable to
Till these
Society respectf objully submit that itections are satisfact
isoduy ril
to the agriculs answered, thi great and powerful bodies ?" c
cc What motive,", mighttural,
e -
tural, manufacturing, and industrial classes of this coun- msar have said, " can I have to desire to be made
try, that the Bill now before Parliament should be perpetual Dictator, and absolute disposer of the lives.
and properties of the Roman people, except a, desire
thoroughly investigated. Delay would not interfere
with the proper notice to the Bank of England; and it to benefit them ?" Johnny is certainly tolerably
is most desirable that the reason or truth of the objet- thick-sculled, but does the " bashful Baronet'` really
tions here advanced 'should form the subject of inquiry think this will pass ?
before a Committee of the House of Lords.
With these views, the- Society trust your Lordship
will be induced :to take :such a course as will have the
effect of ascertaining the truth or error of the averments
made;—if true, they should have an important effect in
the regulation of the currency; if untrue, it is impor-
tant for the quiet and satisfaction of the nation, and the
industrious classes generally, that these rapidly extend-
ing opinions should be disproved.
I have the honour to remain my Lord, your Lord-
ship's most obedient servant,
ANDREW SPOTTISWOODE, Chairman.

is ,A
)11

THE HEAVY D,UTY ON SUGAR.
Large quantities of green rhubarb lately brought to the
London market, being unsaleable, were carted to the tlunghilL
The true reason of this waste appears to be that, through
the heavy duty levied on sugar, it is very much out of
the reach of the poor, and rhubarb, we know, cannot be eaten
without sugar. _ _

The high price of sugar also prevents cottagers from using
the produce of their little gardens, gooseberries and currants,
which induces them to offer these fruits in the neifhbouring
towns, and here again there is the same disappointment—
after toiling through the streets for mazy hours in search of
customers, these poor people are often compelled almost to
give away their fruit, the oppressive duty on sugar depriving
them of purchasers.

In the recent debate on the Sugar Duties, the Earl of
Radnor stated that the allowance of sugar to each seaman in
the Queen's Navy was double the quantity consumed by the
cottager at home; and the Marquis of Lansdowne also
stated that the convict transported to New Holland could
obtain three times as much sugar as the honest labourer in.
England!

CAUSE OF INCENDIARISM.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sin,—So the cause of incendiarism in the agricultural dis-
tricts is entirely to be attributed to the present poor-laws!
I must confess I do not see good grounds to believe this
general opinion. The reporter employed by the editor of the
Times ought to be able to give us better reasoning than I
have yet seen. Great distress exists—no doubt of that;
but what proof have we that the working of the Poor-law
is the real cause of it. The agricultural labourer may think,
and those that are inclined to be idle do think, that is the
only obstacle to their comfort and support. This is a poor
reason, indeed, backed by the strong proof of their having
burned the property of poor-law guardians exclusively. Let
us look back to 1824 or 1825. A great deal of agricultural
property was destroyed by fire in the neighbourhood of
Ipswich. I forget whether it was attributed to the old poor-
law—l think it was said want of employment for the men
was the cause. At that period corn was extremely low, and
rents extremely high, and they are now in a similar state.
In this state of things the tenant- farmer cannot employ a
proper number of men, and though he knows the conse-
quence of neglecting the proper cultivation of bis land, he
is obliged to regulate his labour upon his farm by his purse.
A farm short of hands is like a vessel on the Yorkshire coast,
many of which leave a bad tale behind them every year from.
want of hands to work them.

The day is gone by for obtaining 80s. per quarter for
wheat in this country, and unless the rents of farms through-
out England are reduced something like thirty per cent., I
fear we shall hear of distress and its awful consequences,
have what poor-law you will.—l am, Sir, yours,
July 9, 1844.

J. F.

IM!hTSONMENT FOR DEBT.—Mr. Joseph Hume
has recently presented an important return respecting the
unfortunate persons who are incarcerated in dungeons or in
" sponging-houses" for debts which they are unable to dis-
charge. The return moved for by the Hon. Member for
Montrose, of the number of persons confined in the metro-
politan prisons, in the other debtors prisons of England and.
Wales, as also in those of Scotland and Ireland, for the
"offence" of insolvency, &c., was ordered in Februmy last,
and has only just been printed. The returns were required
to show the number of persons whose debts, without costs,
were under thesums of 11., 54 104 504 1001., 500/., and above
the last-mentioned amount,—stating, also, the average term
of imprisonment of each of these classes of debtors, the
name, the amount of debt, and the amount of each per-
son's expenses who had been immured within the wails
of his cage more than five years. These returns cover a
space of no less than 56 pages. ' It appears from them
that the gross total number f persons who are or were
then imprisoned for debt in the United Kingdom at large
amounts to 3,352, of whom 2,154 were confined in England
and Wales, 85 only in Scotland, and 1,113 in Ireland. The
total number imprisoned for debts (exclusive of costs) under
1/. amounted to 210; under Si., to 794 ; under 10/., to 483 ;
under 504 to 922 ; under 1001., to 249 ; under 5001., to 298 ;
above 5001., to 104, and 36 for amounts not stated in the
returns before us. As many as 256 persons were imprisoned
for offences against the revenue laws, and 85 prisoners wbo
had been confined more than five years—namely, 78 in -.Eng-
land, and 7in Ireland, Nearly one-half of the prisoners, or
1,469, were (exclusive of costs) confined for debts under 101.
One prisoner is mentioned as having been imprisoned within
the Queen's Prison for 32 years, at an annual expense to the
county of 9/. 2s. 6d. I
FALL OF THE TOWER OF HALSTED NEW
CHURCH.—It is with feelings of the deepest regret that we
this day record a lamentable occurrence which took place in
the town of Halsted, on Wednesday last. But for the un-
fortunate event we are about to notice, an announcement
would have appeared in our paper to-,..1ay, that the
Church of the Holy Trinity, erected by Voluntary subscrip-
tions, in the above parish, would be oons,ecrated on the 31st inst
by the Lord Bishop of London, Aboiat a quarter to three o'clock
on Wednesday afternoon, the Beautiful tower and steeple at-
tached to the above clinrek, which had been completed to a
height of 115 feet, NI with an awful crash, which must have
been heard for tul.l'es round. On hurrying to the spot, says
our e,zgresponiient, the scene we witnessed was most heart-
rending, for the first impression was that all the la-
Iwere beneath the ruins, and the shrieks and
e' teams of the women and children were dreadful.
It was a most providential and mercifill interposition
that such indeed was not the case. From what we
have been able to collect, it appears that Mr. Johnstone,
the builder, actually saw the tower sinking, and he imme-
diately ordered the workmen off, when the tower fell ; only
two labourers were then upon the scaffold, one of whom is
severely injured, but it is hoped may ultimately recover; the
DISSENTERS' CuArels BlLL.—This Bill, which has other is comparativelyobuA seliregtl,y_isqui.:t. The Rev. Arch-
E experienced a-e
passed both Houses of Parliament, and was to have been deaconnarrow
as did also Ir. and Mrs. Arden, who werel in
ry
brought up in the Lords on Monday last, for considers-
the body of the church at the time of the accident, a portion
lion of the amendments introduced by the Commons, of the ruins falling into that part of the structure. We are
was, as our readers may be aware, postponed till the happy to state that the church itself has received but little
Thursday following. The reasons of such postponement injury, and only such as may very speedily be repaired. At
may not be known, and we therefore state them. On the present we are unable to assign the caus to which' this sad
very eve of the consideration of the amendments it event is to be attributed Ch msfor d Chronicle.
came to the knowledge of the Lord Chancellor that the A GENUINE BULL.—An Irish paper lately gave an
Query,
dlino
Bishop of London had- been • canvassing several of account of a duel,,,firnhdeaonnneounced the result of the meeting
the aged and infirm members of the House, and hiethgeoszord
ansoi the other firedP y'inivatheseaierre."ly had obtained their proxie, for the purpose of obtaining h
a majority against the Government, and enabling him to t woundedFEMALE the sufferer?oßr BAi
ASYLUM,
LAMBETH.--A grafi-
carry his proposition for considering the amendments
fying mark of respect and regard was yesterday presented to
"that day six months." It is reported the Bishop had
the Rev. William Curling, A. 111., for fifteen years the evening
obtained no less than seventy proxies, and if the mea-
preacher to the charity. It conssted of a very beautiful silvers sure had been brought forward, the Government would tea service of the newest design, and a purse of fifty gu;.neas.
A deputation waited on the Reverend gentleman to riake the
have been defeated, and bigotry and illiberality trium-
phant. However, Lord Lyndhurst is not the man to be presentation.
humbugged, and, therefore, on discovering the plot, he MISS e -LARA SEYTON'S DRAMATICAL AND MUSICAL
postponed the measure for a few days, and has further v
....NTERTAINMENT AT THE LONDON TAIT'ARN.-31199 Clara
postponed it till Monday next.—Sunday Times. Seyton gave her lecture on Comedy at., the London Tavern
FIRE IN THE WEST INDIA Docxs. —On Satur- on Friday, under the patronage of the Right Hon. the
day considerable alarm was created in the vicinity of the Lord Mayor and the Lady 111astness, and, judging from the
West India Docks, in consequence of a fire breaking out reception she met with, be foids fair to become as great a
on board the barque Hand, 150 tons burden, Captain _favourite in the City as she
.. 'already is at the West-end. The
large room was crowdetl
Chambers, laden with guano, and lying in the Southshe was enthusiastically applauded
Dock of the West India Docks, Poplar. The first dis- h
t. rougiout, andWP::, encored in " Where the bee sucks" and
covert' was made shortly
_before one o'clock, at which the "I%,,tiaypolo. We understand that Tuesday will be the,
•
time the flames were raging fiercely in the forecastle, Comedy
19:1; time she will repeat her very successful entertainment on
:luring the present season.
1 and for some time the entire destruction of
lithe shie, ay,..
GLASGOW, DUMFRIES, AND CARLISLE RAILWAY:
inevitable. The necessary inte @nee' was
We learn that the promoters of this undertaking are
different engine promptly forwarded to the
.stations. In actively engaged with those preliminary measures
the meantime, several persons e.'Unnected with the desks
attempted, by means of b which the rules of Parliament require, before ap-
uelteti of water, to subdue the
plying for its sanction to an Act next session. Their
names, but, owing to their increasing -vigour, it was engineer, Mr. Miller, is now engaed with the Par-
soon seen that, without the aid of the engines, the fire liamentary survey, and is instructed to consult the
never would be extinguished. A Couple of the Dock wishes of the Duke of Buccleuch, the Marquis of
Company's engines,were, therefore, got into operation Queensbery, the Marquis of Bute, and other info.as early as passible, and water in copious streams was
entice proprietors, in laying thedown
line. A. mi-
poured into that part of the vessel in flames. Notwith- ;elute inquiry into the traffic of the extensive agricul-
standing the fire continued to take its course completely
tural and mineral districts through which the line passes
round the forecastle, destroying, in its progress, the is now being made ; and though not completed, the re-
whole of the contents. Several of the brigade engines, ' ports already made of the traffic in passengers, goods,
with Mr. Crookland, the foreman- of the district, were ' minerals, are extremely promising to the under-
early in reaching the WHO, and also Mr. Connorton with
;and That the intercourse between Glasgow anct
OW Wiest of England firemen and engine. With the as- 1 England is rapidly increasing, is manifest from the
sistaneO of the brigade, the engines of the doclklard got crowded state of the steamers between Glasgow and
allay all
the flames so far subdued by half-past two o'clock, as to I,an d the increase of coaches on fhe road.
verpoo apprehensions of tl,-,ir. further extension, and in
Li
When,therefore, the creative power of the railway us-
,
the course of anew half hour they were entirely ex,- ismade to develop itself, by the two countries being
~ tem
~ .
t•ne---ish d
,
• 1 -0 . ,
.
' connected by an iron road, running through the finest,
. 4 aluntrudii, JULY B.—We learn' from Cuiliaven, part of the West of Scotland, it' is not easy to estimate
that near Busum, besides the body of George Smith, another the extent of intercourse that will be established.—Ayr•
has been fomicl, with 8,924 marka in money. - Observer.

Mr. Councillor BALDWIN seconded the nomination, and
eulogised Mr. Sturge at the expense of his opponents, parti-
cularly Mr. Scholefield. He seconded the nomination of Mr.
Sturge upon the ground of principle. Their friends the
Whigs sail they were splitting the camp. He denied it.
They had an undoubted right to be there, to put Mr. Sturge
forward, and support him.
RICHARD SPOONER, Esq., then came forward, and was
recetvod with the most deafening and uproarious shouts of
disapprobation. He had known Mr. Scholefield many
years, and lived on the most intimate and friendly terms
with 'Mr. Scholefield, only differing in politics. Mr. Spooner
then procestied to say, that beyond all doubt Mr. Sturge,
according to the good old Whig doctrine, ought to be suc-
cessful. The Whigs used to hold that the voice of the
people ought to be the will of their leaders; and if so, most
certainly Mr. Sturge would be returned, for he had clearly
the people with him on that occasion. Mr. Spooner was then
interrogated by Mr. Clarke, the Chartist, when he said he
would not vote for the franchise; he would not vote against
church-rates; he would not vote for the repeal of the union,
because he had taken the oath of allegiance; and above all,
and before all, he would not vote for the return of Frost, Wil-
liams, and Jones, or any of the Chartists.
Mr. STURGE presented himself amid vociferous and long-
eontinned applause from all parts of the hall. The Hon.
Gentleman followed the example of the previous speakers in
panegyrizing the excellencies of his departed friend, the late
Joshua Scholefield, Esq., whose parliamentary votes he re-
marked, bad generally, if not invariably, been recorded on
the side of freedom.—(Partial applause, the Chartists evi-
dently abstaining.) He then proceeded to deprecate a state-
ment which appeared in the Times of the preceding morn-
ing, to the effect that although he had pledged himself to go
to the poll, he might break his word, as he had done before.
He deed any man to say that he had ever violated a private
or a public pledge, and explained that he had not pledged
himself to go to the poll when he retired in 1839.
After an excellent speech Mr. Sturge concluded, a show of
frauds was taken, and an immense mass of hands were held
up for Mr. Sturge. He was declared to have the show in his
favott. A poll was then demanded.

BIRMINGHAM ELECTION.
BIRMINGHAM, SATURDAY MORNING.
The polling commenced this morning at eight o'clock,
The following is the result at forty minutes past nine:—
&hole&ld 231
Sturge lO4
Spooner 5lO

THE. MoRDER AND ATTEMPTED SUICIDE AT
SALF(I:I).--SAIXORD, THURSDAY NIGHT.—The adeurned
inquest in thie case was held this evening, before IV. malley
Rutter, Esq., Coroner, and a respectable jury, and a verdict
returned of wilful murder against Stew. He is in a most
deplorable state, and is only kept alive by the unremitting
attention of the medical gentlemen of the Manchester Royal
Infirmary, who have contrived to feed him by inserting a
flexible tube in his throat, through which he is fed with the
,necessary stimulants.
Wesie INDIA MAIL PACKET ROUTE.—We under-
Kan,: the Chagres route in the West Indies will henceforth
be perh'erined by a, steam packet instead of a schooner, as
herelofore;. and mails for San Juan de Nicaragua will be con-
wee," from Jamaica by the Actaeon Royal West India Mail
ce"'„lpsey,s ie4eket steamer, after the Ist of September, that
vessel corning fieem Grenada to Jamaica, to be in readiness by
that time.
WILL OF Lo/Ll3 Rormgr.—The will of the Right
Hod. Lord Rodney, irate of Berrington Hall, Hereford, has
just been proved by the Right Hon. and Right Rev. Spencer
Baro'i Rodney and the Hon. W. P. Rodney, the brothers of
the deceaeed. The will is too voluminous (upwards of sixteen
sheets) to admit of giving anything like an abstract. He
gives to his brothers respectively 4001. and 100/. each ; to
his neices, godson, and butler, 100/. each; to his servants,
one year's wages (if they have been in his service five
years). The bulk of his property seems to be left
onoriest various branches .of his family; and in be-
au eathing relies. &c, to friends, and others, as tokens of his
esi,„ ere he particularly mentions " four brass cannons,
take,, by my grandfather from the Spaniards," which have
ion be. en objects of peculiar interest at Berrington Hall.
Ilee g expr, eves a strong desire to be buried either at " Somer
set, Hero,. 'l'd, -
Southampton, or Kemal Green Cemetery,"
but leaves .L'h,
his executors. The funeral he
directs to he stre..dl.,VcLiPle, to
private, and his coffin "to be carried on
mgr,:; shoulders." The will is dated September, 1843, and
the personal propere'v is sworn under 12,0001.
:&..:WSPAPERS.-IVilliam Henry Os-
borne was finally exarreinedbefore Major Allen, J. C. Strode
and J. Borer, Esqrs., the sitting magistrates at Brighton, on
Thursday, on a ;barge of procuring by fraudulent represen-
tations, a considera'ele number of copies)/ of the Sussex Ad-
vertiser. It was eliciteol in the course of the examination,
that in October, 1843, •31r. Bacon, proprietor of the Sussex
eldeerti.eer' received a letter fn:fit James Osborne, Edward-
street, Brighton, requesting to be ee:enloyed as a news-agent,
with a quire of the papers weekly. ,the tapers were accord-
_ ingly sent for several weeks, but no remittane:e following, in-
q :lined were instituted, and the prisoner was found to have
let Edward-street. Shortly after this Mr. Bacan received
ano, ther leiter, from "James Horsfield, jun., Albion-street,
Brig, %ton," for four papers weekly, which were supplied:
Again no remittance followed, and further inquiries led to the
disco ry of an /extensive system of newspaper robbery, and
the pri* nier's app.'ehension. Proof was given that these let-
ters, and various others found in his house, in both names,
and all rei luestiag a ,supply of newspapers, were in the pri-
soner's handwriting. ,He 'had distributed his favours wits
strict impar)eiality, for (bring the fortnight he has been in
custody, copi es of nearly every paper in the kingdom, Lon-
don and provincial, have ar.eivede forming in the aggregate,
as many as would fill a bualiel. His plan was, to go himself,
or .send his children, to the post-office for the papers in a
eeeriety of names, and then to sell them at 2d. or 3d. per lb.
Afteer deliberating a short time, the magistrates remanded
the pr.;soner, in order to give time for the preparation of the
depositi. ins ; and he was then committed for trial at the next
.sessions
IjoNgs.T TRADE.—No less than ninety-one indi-
gpiduals were tined in different sums on Tuesday last, at Wol-
verhampton, liefore 11. Hill and G. Briscoe, Esqrs., for de-
fective weights,'• einstamped weights and measures, and unjust
scales. A sad e'eeiciency in the balance of social honesty.
The steam-engine and the schoolmaster may be up and
abroad; hut slow goi, ig, "according to Cocker,' really looks
better than this.—Ten Towns Messenger.
A. field of peas, see 'en acres, called the " Nimble
Taviori at Zemerton, adit 'Ming Fisherton Anger, belonging
to 1 Ir. Wiv. Cottle, of the t'ormer place, has been cut and
carried this iertnight. Both wheat anebarley in the neigh-
bourhood of Salisbury are looking exceedingly well, and
promise an e:tcellent crop, and a. so an early harvest.—Sher-
ivy ne Journal, ,Jnly 11.
The late William Stephenson, Esq., of Stamford,
hes secured by- deed, for bzilding a church in Deeping Fen,
Lincolnshire, 4„000/. ; for keeping it in repair, 2001. ; for
income for the _minister, ; total, 9,2001.--Doncaster
Gazette.

Sed mihi soite dattiin."—
England claims by her commerce, her naval power, and her
innate love of freedom, to emancipate and to civilise
through gentle means the ruder portion of the human
race. • It is impossible to overrate the blessing to the
whole of mankind of the entente cordiale between
, England and France, at which some of the incen-
diary party in Paris affect to -be so indignant,
and about which our English incendiaries are so
facetious. This entente cordiale, however, can long subsist
only between equals treating each other as equals; and cer-
tainly it will be most secure in each of the parties knowing the
actual amount of its own and of the other's power. Such
knowledge is, however, best communicated by such
pacific expositions as that we copy to-day. Sir
Charles Napier, we know, thinks differently from us ; he
would prove the power of England by a huge squadron in
the Mediterranean, just at the moment when it might by
accident fall into hostile collision with the ships of France,
and at the time when it would certainly inflame the war-
fever and Strengthen the war-party in the neighbouring
kingdom. At a late meeting of the Chamber of De-
puties, a false suggestion that the British Govern-
ment had done that very thing which Lord Minto
and Sir Charles Napier insisted upon its doing, namely, had
sent a commanding fleet to Morocco, was made the ground
of grave accusation against M. Guizot. The French Foreign
Minister was happily enabled to assert the falsehood of the
suggestion, and thus the prudence of the British Govern-
ment gave to the wise Minister of the good and wise French
King the power of defeating the anti-English party in
France. These may. seem slight matters, but, slight as they
may appear, the peace and happiness of the world and
the lives of millions depend upon them. It is true that the
Governments of the rival nations have little trouble to keep
from quarrelling the English people, who are too conscious of
their strength to be jealous ; and too just and prudent to
think of war upon other grounds. But all the vigilance of
the Governments of both countries is required to withhold
from the perverse war party in France pretexts for exciting
their too inflammable population.

SUMMER ASSIZES.
HOME ClRCUlT—Hertford, July 13.
CIVIL SlDE.—(Before Mr. Baron PARKE and a
Common Jury.)
COBB V. STORY.

This case commenced on Thursday and did not con-
clude until late on Friday. It was an action brought by
Mr. Cobb, a printer at. Hertford, and also the proprietor
of the Herts County Press newspaper, against Mr. Story,
the clerk of the peace for that county, to recover a sum
of 150/., for printing the register of voters for last year.
Mr. Platt and Mr. Grimston were for the plaintiff,
and Mr. Montague Chambers conducted the case for the
defendant.

It appeared from the statement of the Learned
Counsel for the plaintiff and the evidence that was ad-
duced, that Mr. Cobb had been applied to last year to
print a certain number of copies of the register of voters,
and he was bound to complete the work within a given
time, in conformity with the Act of Parliament. By
employing extra hands and making great exertions, it
was completed within the time, and the plaintiff sent in
his bill, which amounted to 1501. A portion of the Ma-
gistrates at the qnarter sessions considered this amount
excessive,-and Mr. Cobb was called on for an explana-
tion, when he asserted that the charge was a reasonable
one, and offered, in order to avoid all litigation, to sub-
mit the matter to any respectable London house and
abide by its arbitration. The Magistrates assented to
this proposition, but instead of consulting Mr. Cobb, it
appeared that they sent the register to Messrs. Shaw and
Sans, of Fetter-lane, and inquired for how much they
would print the same number of copies, and those gen-
tlemen not being aware of the circumstances under
which the register was printed, or the exertions required,
estimated the cost at an amount considerably less than
.the plaintiff's demand. Upon this the quarter sessions
refused t pay the bill, and tendered the plaintiff 451.,
and upon his reusing to take that sum they ultimately
offered to give 751., which sum he also refused, and after
various attempts to have the business settled amicably,
he was at length compelled to adopt the present pro-
ce( ding to recover the sum due to him.

ae 28th of November, although she bad two married aunts
living within half a mile of Newbury. On the 28th of No=
vember she told MI s. Challis what had happened to her, and
Mrs. Challis taxed the prisoner with it; but although he ad-,
nutted the fact, according to the evidence for.the prosecution;
no charge was preferred against him, sill May last, when a
quarrel having taken place between Ann Crofts and the pri-'
soner, who had then lately come into possession of between
1001. and 2001., he struck her, and she convicted him before
the magistrates of an assault. He was fined 10s. 6d. for the
misdemeanor, and while Ann Crofts was going down stairs
from the justice-room, she told the magistrates the same
story about the occurrences of the 18th of November which
she repeated to-day.
Mr. CARRINGTON addressed the jury for the prisoner.
Verdict—Not guilty.
Thomas May was found guilty of a rape upon Janette God-
dard, a child between ten and twelve years of ate, and was
sentenced to transportation for life.
SDIGULAR CASE OF ABDUCTION.—Thomas Robins, a good-
looking lad of 18, was indicted, under the statute 9 George
IV., c. 31, for having taken Jane Willavize, an unmarried
girl under the age of 16 years, out of the possession and
against the will of her father, William Willavize.
Mr. Selfe conducted the prosecution ; the prisoner was de-
fended by Mr. J. J. Williams.
The prosecutor is a farmer occupying 600 acres of land,
for which he pays a rent of 7001. a year, at West Woodllay,
in this county, and the prisoner was his under-carter. Mr.
Willavize kept no female servant ; and it appeared that• his
eldest daughter Jane, abuxom-looking lass, apparently. 18
years of age, although her father Stated she was 15 years
old on the 9th of October, 1843, occasionally performed
menial offices, which brought her in communication with the
young and handsome under carter. On the night of the 6th,
or the morning of the 7th of May, the prosecutor missed
both his daughter and the prisoner, who usually slept in
the house • and it appeared from the evidence of the young
lady herself, that
" On such a night as this,"
she found a ladder placed against the door of a hay-loft,
which communicated with her bed-room, saw her swain
standing at the bottom, whom, she said, she expected to
find there, and ran off with him, first to Reading, and thence
to Old Brentford, where they were found by the incensed
father living together as man and wife about a fortnight
afterwards. The young lady frankly admitted that it was
she who had offered to go oft with the prisoner, and not the
prisoner who had proposed to run away with her.
Mr. Williams submitted that under these circumstances
there was no " taking" within the meaning of the Act of
Parliament.
His LORDSHIP, however, was of a different opinion, and the
jury having returned a verdict of Guilty, the prisoner was
fined Is., which he immediately paid, and was discharged.

NORFOLK CJRCUlT.—Buckingham, July 11.
(Before Mr. Baron ALDERSON.)
James Holbrook was indicted for feloniously setting fire to
a wheat rick, the property of John Harris, in the night of
the 28th of March.

NORTHERN CIRCUIT—York, July 11.
The Northern Circuit commenced yesterday by the arrival
,f the Lord Chief Baron and Mr.'Justice Creswell last even-
,rig, when the commissions of assize were opened both fur the
county and for the city of .York.
This morning the Lord Chief Baron charged the grand
jury of the city, and the Learned Judges breakfasted, as is
usual, with the Lord Mayor.
At noon their Lordships proceeded to the Castle, where
the Lord aid Baron took his seat on the civil side, and Mr.
Justice Cresswell proceeded to charge the grand jury of the
county in the Crown Court.
The assizes are not likely to be heavy. The entry of causes
is not yet closed, but is not expected to be more than between
60 and 70.
The calendar contains the names of 68 prisoners for the
county, which are comprised in 46 cases. In the city there
are four prisoners, in two cases. There is one charge of wa-
rnl murder, in which no fewer than six persons are accused ;
2 cases of forgery, 7 of robbery, 8 of stabbing and wounding,
3 of manslaughter, 5 of sheep stealing, 1 of horse stealing, 1
of 'arson, 1 of letter-stealing. Upon the whole the calendar
is considered light.
CIVIL SlDE.—(Before the LORD CHIEF BARON.)
BORRODALE v. FREAR AND ANOTHER.
This was an action for assault and false imprisonment.
Mr. Wilkins appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Martin for
the defendants.
It appeared that the defendants had been the constables
of New Melton, in the North Riding for the years 1842-3,
and on the 15th of April, 1843, had been chosen and sworn
in to the same office for the following year. A little before
eleven o'clock in the evening of that day, which happened
to be a Saturday, they went round the town to clear the
public-houses and beer-shops, that being the hour at which
they were bound to shut up. There was a person named
Noble who kept a beer-shop, into which they went, and the
people turned out. They then went into the street, and
soon after, hearing a noise in a house which, it was said, they
mistook fur Noble's, and which adjoined to it, they went in
and turned the owner and his wife out of their own house.
The noise and hubbub occasioned by these proceedings
brought a number of people together, and the plaintiff
among the rest. Altercation ensued between him and the
constables, and it was sworn by one witness that one of them
struck him a violent blow on the thigh with his staff, and
brought the plaintiff to the ground. They then took him
the lock-up, procured the key, and thrust him in, where
they kept him during the whole of Saturday night, all Sun-
day, and Sunday night, and it was not till Monday morning
that he was liberated.
Mr. MARTIN addressed the jury on the part of the de-
fendants, and denied that they struck the plaintiff, and said
he was instructed that the cause of his coming to the ground
was that he threw himself down to resist being taken to
prison. The Learned Gentleman did not call any witnesses
in support of that version of the story, and admitted that
there must be a verdict against him.
The LORD CHIEF BARON summed up the evidence, and
the jury, after a short deliberation, returned a verdict for the
plaintiff—Damages, 201.

In stipport of the plaintiffs, divers persons employed
in their office were examined, who spite to the exertions
required to complete the work within the time, and wit-
.

Mr. Birch prosecuted the prisoner, whom Mr. Saunders de-
fended.
The prisoner was a carpenter, and the felony in question
was committed from private and personal motives. He had
married a niece of the prosecu'tor, and one consequence of
this union appeared to be, that private disagreements grew
up between tbs prisoner and his wife's uncle, and frequent
quarrels took )ice. In the evening of :the day mentioned
hi the indictment the wheat rick of the prosecutor was dis-
covered in flames, and the prisoner was seen deliberately walk-
ing in a direction from the fire towards his own house , he did
not attempt to assist in extinguishing the flames From this
circumstance, and that of the prisoner having indulged in
Some threats against his uncle, suspicion fell on him, and
he was apprehended, and immediately admitted that he had
committed the offence. This he continued to assert for
some time; but on the following day he regarded his situa-
tion as one of peril, and denied that he himself did it, but
saidthat it was committed by a little boy, to whom he gave
the matches with which the fire was lighted. Evidence of
threats against the prosecutor on the part of the prisoner was
given, and he was shown to have been loitering about the
rick-yard just before the fire broke out.
The Learned BAnox summed up the evidence, the jury
found the prisoner Guilty, and he was sentenced to be trans-
ported fur life, after an impressive admonition.
The other cases tried were of the most commonplace cha-
racter.

AIOORISII DA IIGNS.—The Emperor of Morocco
is raising troops in Europe. Already the Brussels journals.
announce that several
scores of Braves Beiges have been en-
listed, and are on thei. " way to Abd-el-Rahman. We need
not French soldiers tostroy thes,s paltry mercenaries. Let,
the Government hire in df the numi.'er of Dutchmen. Buts
there. is a nation of much Greater impoitoce, which is busy
in the field against us—a nation always peril.dious and ready
to wreak against France its tliabolical We need not
say we allude to England. 4.k. well-informed con7esPoncent
from London writes—" War wit.' be declared next month." I
have this intelligence from the most positive authority. All
the gun .makers of London are busy preparing arms; in:-
ssnense provisions of lead and powder are making daily. I
?myself went with Sir Bouledog (a young Baronet and Diem-
:her of the Upper • House) to inspect a store of weapons, of.
-cwhich he selected two tbrmidable instruments, and when I
malwd for what pm:Tose, he replied with insolent calmness—
"' Akr good friend 'S. and a party are off to the Moors." The
day is fixed fur the 12th of August, half the young aristo-
crsti of England have given themselves rendezvous in Mo-
rocco; and this ,is our ally—this is the entente cordiale,
this is England, in as word. We summon the Minister; we
• adjure the insulted .nation ; we recal the wrongs of eight
centuries of hatred ; wa, demand, is this true /—The National
4(translated by Punch).

n,sses from Messrs. Spotiswoode's, Hansard's, and other
cminent printing establishments, were called to prove
that the charge
,made by the plaintiff was very reason-
able ; and it was stated that the charge in London, at
the lowest, would hare been 1801. or 1901. for the same
work, so that all' wing tor the difference of wages in
London and the provinces, the charge was still very rea-
sonable.

-Mr. CHAMBERS, on behalf of the defendant, alluded to
the necessity imposed upon the justices of protecting the
inhabitants from any improper expenditure of the county
rate, and lie said the defence he was instructed to set up
was that the amount offered to the plaintiff was quite
sufficient compensation for the work performed by him.
Witnesses were called in support of the Learned Conn-
sel's statement, who expressed their opinion that 761.
was quite sufficient payment for the printing of the re-
gister ; and Mr. Dorant, a clerk in the defendant's
office, was called to prove that on a former occasion the
plaintiff had made a tender to print the register for 451.
It appeared, however, in cross-examination, that at that
time the work would hare been performed under very
different circumstances, and would not have required so
much exertion to complete it.
Mr. Baron PARKE summed up the whole case to the
jury, who, after deliberating for about a minute, re-
turned a verdict fur the plaintiff for the full amount I
claimed.

OXFORD ClRCUlT—Abingdon, July 12.
(Nisi Prius Court.—Before Lord Chief Justice TINDAL).
GREEN AND ANOTHER V. BRADFIELD.
Mr. Godson (with whom was Mr. Carrington) appeared in
this case tor the plaintiffs; and the defendant was represen-
ted by Mr. Sergeant Talfeurd and Mr. Tyrwhitt.
This was an action brought to recover the sum of 30/., al -
leged by the plaintiffs, the assignees of the estate and effects
of one Richard Pusey, a bankrupt. to have been paid to the
defendant by way of fraudulent preference. The trial occu-
pied between four and five holm, but . the really material
facts of the case may be stated in a very few lines. It ap-
peared that' Pusey, the bankrupt, who carried on business as
a baker at Drayton, found himself a good deal embarrassed
in his circumstances in August and September last, when a
person named Cox, front whom he had purchased some wheat
for flour, repeatedly made applications to him for money,
and at last induced Pusey to promise that he would let him
have the amount which he was to receive from the Abingdon
union, which Pusey supplied with bread, at the end of the
.Septembe; quarter. The defendant (Bradfield) had also ap-
plit. to Pusey for some money for flour a hich had been sold
and deil7cred, and on the morning of Monday, the 2d of Oc-
tober last, Pusey gave his brother John an order for 191.,
which he had received from the Abingdon union, and 11/.

more in cash, to hand over to the defendant. On the same v CRONY SIDE.
day a Mr. Griffin, whom 'Pusey had expressed a wish to see, Samuel Petty was indicted for forging a certain receipt
called upon him, and some conversation took place about and acquittance for 149/. 9s. 2d., with intent to defraud one
Pussy's affairs, when Pusey said, that he owed a great deal William Taylor.
more money than he could pay, and that he could not Mr. Baines and Mr. H. Hill conducted the prosecution, and
carry on his business. He was recommended to go to a Mr. Wilkins and Mr. Pashley the defence.
solicitor, and having acted upon that recommendation, an The prisoner, it appeared, had been a clothier at Bradford,
assignment of Pusey's property for the benefit of in ratlser a respectable way of business, and in the beginning
hi; creditors was agreed upon. and Mr. Cox, afterwards, of last year had dealings, amongst other parties, with Wit-
the psq4ioning creditor, and one of the plaintiffs in the pre- Liam Taylor, a woolstapler in the same town. In the January
.n,
sent acti consented to act as one of the trustees under the of that year Taylor sold to the prisoner a considerable quan-
,.
de„ed. The present defendant was then applied to for the tity of goods, the invoice of which was delivered to him at
same purpose., Put the deed of assignment was never acted the time. On the Ist of March, these goods not being paid
upon, as Mr. Cox iii.alsequently found put that the defendant fur, the prisoner applied to Taylor for a further parcel. This
had received the 30/. rum in question, and expressed his de- Taylor refused to let him have, except on condition of the
termination to make Pusey a bankrupt rather than that the former parcel being paid for, and on these terms the prisoner
defendant should retain the mvuey, The defendant was finally received goods from Taylor to the amount of
equally resolute; "he had got the moaey, and he should 14.1/. 4s. 2d. An invoice was sent for these goods in the
keep it;" and on the 22d of November a fiat in bankruptcy handwriting of Taylor. In the course of the same month•
issued against pusey, upon A 4eclArafio4 of i4selYeney made Ta7lor, hAvul met with a heavy loss by the failure of Thomas

,
e and advertised by Posey .
BIRMINGHAM ELECTION. himself. Reliance wit pliced,-on
on behalf of the assignees, upon statements made both by the
SPIRIT, of _the PUBLIC. JOURNALS.
BIRMINGHAM, FRIDAY EVENING.—This morning the 1:107 . • FROM THE. EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
bankrupt and the defendant, that there had not been any
"pressure" on the part of the defendant to compel Posey to
_ .
urination took place in the Town Hall, and excited great in- GLOBE.—The proceedings of the past week in the two..
pay the 30/. ; and the bankrupt himself admitted in the course
terest. At eleven o'clock Thomas Norton, Esq., the Mayor, Houses have been very miscellaneous, and none of them of
entered the Hall, and was received with applause. In a few marked importance. Progress has been made inimporr
..tnMthe, of his examination to-day, that he might have said, perhaps
minutes after Mr. Joseph Sturge arrived, and was received the discussion on which offer no lively feature ;an o . half a dozen times, that the reason he had preferred paying
Bradfield was, because he vas his largest creditor. Posey.
with loud applause. Mr. Scholefield was, not present. The other hand, unimportantmatters have calledforth some consi-
usual proclamation having been proceeded with Mr. Spooner derable excitement. Mr. Gladstone has secured the carrying of stated, however, that at the time when he paid the money he
did not think about becoming a bankrupt, but that it was
entered the hall, and was received with yelling and hooting, his Railways and Joint-stock Companies Bills—the former after
his intention to try and get on again ; although it appeared
followed by a few counter cheers from his friends who were a debate occupying two nights, in which the subject.has bee
in the organ gallery. Silence having been restored, treated with great ability by Members on both sid;, and that his debts altogether amounted to 450 L, while the debts'
The MAyon presented himself before the electors, and was after consenting to some material alterations. Further
owing to him which could be put down as " good," amounted
to 59/. odd, and the doubtful debts were 250/.
received with cordial and general cheering, in which all progress has been made with the Poor-law Bill in Com-
parties appeared to join.—l am now prepopposition to aproposal. _
and to receive the rnittee ; and after some
told the jury, that the ground on which the plaintiffs
nomination which any elector may think fit to make of any again to-day to proceed with. the ' (committee, Sir Ro-
sought to recover the 301. was, that Richard Pusey, know-
gentleman he may be desirous of proposing as a fit and pro- bert Peel made out so alarming a cas o Proba.bility
jug that his affairs were in that condition and posture
per person to represent this borough in Parliament.—(Cheers. ) that the session might yet last long enough to inter-
Mr. Alderman MATHEWS then came forward. After pass- fere with grouse-shooting, as at once to silence. opposi- that a fiat in. bankruptcy would be issued against him,
thought proper, of his own accord, to pay that sum to
ing a high eulogium on the late Mr. Scholefield, he proceeded. tion ; and the House of Commons is accordingly vigo-
Mr. Bradfield, one of his creditors ; and if the jury were There was a division of the Liberal party in the town.— rously at work, as we write, clearing the way for timely
sa-
(No,en-
no.) There was, for Mr. Sturge appeared as his joyment of the moors. The Bank Charter Bill has gone through tisfied upon the evidence that the money was paid without
opponent • for if he had stayed at home Mr. Spooner would Committee in the Lords; and Lord Powis has formally with- any pressure on the part of Mr. Bradfield, and also that
Puaey knew he must be a bankrupt, and paid the money in
not have thrown' a lance against a man who stood so high drawn the St. Asaph and Bangor Bill, but not without strong
as Mr. Scholefield. Any division amongst Reformers protests against the conduct of the Government in relation contemplation of bankruptcy, the plaintiffs had a right to
was wrong. He did not believe Mr. Sturge was inten- to the Bill, even from some Peers who had joined with the.
should fi recover .nd for the defendant. The two points, therefore, 'circumstances concurred, the
but unless bothy
tionally wrong in advocating the extreme opinions he Government in opposing it on its merits. The condemna-
was there to propound. He believed he was honest, but tion of Lord Clanricarde, a general opponent of the Go- which they must consider, were very narrow indeed, and, the
having their old enemies, the Tories, there, he ought not to vernment, was not more strong than that of Lord evidence relating to them lay within a very small compass ;
have come forward. If there were only two Liberal condi- Mountedgecumbe, one of their best and trustiest friends. for it did not signify a doit, as it seemed to him, whether
dates in the field he would not blame Mr. Sturge for coming An opposition of a very unusual character to the Dis Cox had pressed for his money or not. Cox was pressing
forward to push his opinions, but when they had the great seaters' Chapels Bill is threatened to be renewed in the. pm), for payment, no doubt, from night till morning, and
and common enemy—ECheers)—before them they ought not course of next week, on the question of agreeing to the Corn- so might twenty other persons have done ; but the question
to have been divided by any extreme movement. He (Mr. mons amendments; and it appears that Members of the for their consideration upon the first point was, whether the
M.) had come to the conclusion,- that although Mr. Sturge House of Lords who had previously supported the Bill have money paid to the defendant was a voluntary payment. In
had some very good points in his political composition, he since changed their opinions, and are to join in this unusual order to constitute "pressure," it was not necessary •that
had some very bad ones.--(No, pomt them out.) Having mode of opposition; but we rejoice to know that the opposi- legal proceedings should have been resorted to; but if the
thus stated his opinion he begged to occupy their attention tion will be fruitless, and the Bill is safe. pressure was such that it overweighed Pusey's own incline-
upon the pretensions of Mr. Spooner. He was in all respects STANDARD.—We have copied from the Morning Hera& tion, and induCed him to pay against his will, that would be
a very excellent gentleman, but a very bad politician. He a valuable statement (in continuation) of the comparative sufficient pressure within the meaning of the bankrupt laws.
did not deny that three months ago Spooner might have done strength of the British and French navies. The Herald Assuming them to be satisfied that the pressure was made
some good m the House of Commons, but Sir Robert Peel had previously given the statement of the ships of out, they would then have to say whether they were also
had called them all in Birmingham nincumpoops. He had the line respectively belonging to the two nations. satisfied that the payment was made in contemplation of
repudiated their currency opinions, and so far Mr. Spooner 's We entirely concur in the hope expressed by our bankruptcy. They would observe that the fiat did not issue
vocation in the House of Commons was gone. Mr. Spooner morning contemporary, that such a statement will till nearly seven weeks after the payment of the money ; and
in order to do any good ought now in consistency to vote for not be misunderstood as prompted by arrogance, or although there was no doubt that Posey was in embarrassed
a repeal of the corn-laws.—(Hear.) He could not do other- by any other motive than the wish to satisfy the circumstances at the time, it did not necessarily follow that
wise, and if by any chance he should be returned, he (Mr. M.) country, that. the great defence of the British empire is not lie contemplated bankruptcy, as a man might hope that his
hoped he would vote for a repeal of the bread laws. In con- neglected by its rulers. At home indeed the exhibition is in affairs would rally and come round again. Nothing appeared,
elusion, he stood there to recommend their excellent friend no danger of being productive of anything but good: with either, to lead the mind to the conclusion that a bankruptcy
Mr. Scholefield. He was a thorough-going free trader, and if us it is proverbial that " strong men begin no brawls," for it was contemplated at the meeting which took place when the
ever Le had been called upon to discharge a painful duty, is the Englishman's instinct always to repose upon the assignment was proposed, and the bankrupt himself stated
they well knew he would not shrink from it. consciousness of strength and superiority, not to exer- that he had never thought of such a thing. However, they.
Mr. Ald. PHILLIP seconded the nomination. They had vise them. We are confident that the first conclusion would take the whole of the evidence into their consideration,
three candidates in the field, two on the Liberal side.—(No, drawn by nine-tenths of the readers of the article and return such a verdict as they thought the evidence would
no, only one.) They had two on one side, and one on the referred to has been something like this—Well, warrant them in finding.
other. There was no man more honestly desirous of in- thank Heaven, there is little dan&er of war with any Euro- The jury returned a verdict for the defendant.
creasing the liberty of the people than Mr. Sturge. He ropean power for another thirty Aar& It is only when the The special jury cause of "Doe, dem. Major and others v.
knew he was honest, upright, and firm in his purpose, and a safety of his country, or its honour, seems to be in doubt, Cundell,' was settled, and the civil business having been all
free trader. Why, then, did he not support him ? Because that the Englishman is uneasy or irritable. Nor are we thus disposed of, the Lord Chief Justice tried two or three
he believed he had no chance. If he thought that Mr. Sturge very apt to take alarm upon slight grounds. When, prisoners and rose at five o'clock.
could have been returned, he (Mr. P.) would not have come four years ago, M. Thiers took occasion to pick a CROWN COURT.—(Before Mr. Sergeant ATCHERLRY.)
forward to support Mr. Schole eld. But it had been aster- quarrel with us, and took measures for placing about Thomas Crofts, aged 48, a hairdresser, was indicted for
tained that Air. Sturge had no chance.—(No, no.) one million and a quarter of men under arms, the having, on the 18th 'of November last, at Newbury, com-
J. ALSTON, Esq., tlien came forward to propose Mr. most perfect calm and good humour prevailed in Eng- mitted a felonious assault upon the person of his own dough-
Spooner, and was received with tremendous hissing and land—and even now we contemplate without the least dis- ter, Ann Crofts.
groaning, which' lasted some time. Mr. A. in closing said satisfaction, a French standing army of 600,000 men ;—not Mr. Selfe conducted the case for the prosecution, and the
they.had often trusted in Mr. Spooner, and were they ever certainly underrating the military efficiency of the gallant prisoner was defended by Mr. Carrington.
disappointed?—(Uproar.) Was that fair play ? All they people who so lately overran the continent of Europe, but It appeared from the evidence given by the prosecutrix,
asked was fair play—all they asked was to try Mr. Spooner. confident in the good sense of its intelligent classes, that that in November last she resided with her father at New-
A Voice in the body—lt is useless for him to go on. they will not allow the resources of their country to be bury, her mother being dead, and that on the day upon which
Mr. WornEnn, High Bailiff, came forward to second the again squandered in conquests that must be, from the the offence was perpetrated, her father came home in a state
nomination of Mr. Spooner. He had first to state that he felt nature of things, but temporary, and therefore useless. The of intoxication, about nine o'clock in the evening, and was
it an honour to second the nomination of that gentleman. truth is, that we have long ceased to regard our neighbours assisted by her up stairs to bed. According to her account,
They had heard much of what bad been done, let them see as natural enemies, how handy soever some of them may violence was then offered to her, but she did not call for as-
what could be done in future. He believed Mr. Spooner to occasionally speak of us. On the other hand, we feel siatance, because her father threatened to cut her throat if
be a true patriot.—(Laughter and hissing.) As they would that we are natural allies in the most sacred of all she cried out. Two or three hours afterwards the prisoner
not listen to him, he would merely second the nomination. worldly services, tt e service of civilisation and went down stairs, and left the house, saying that he was
Mr. Councillor BARLOW came forward to propose Mr. liberty.. In this, service each country has received from going to drown himself ; upon which Ann Crofts went to
Joseph Sturge, and was received with great cheering. Mr. Providence its peculiar mission, explained in its special the house of a neighbour, a Mrs. Challis, and, went with her
scholetield was proposed as a candidate. Where was he to go capabilities—France to protect the liberty and the civilisa- is search of him. She said nothing, however, at that time
to represent them ? To London. And how could he repre- tion of Europe, by her numerous and high-spirited popula- to Mrs. Challis, nor to a person named Eliza Ann White; who
sent them in his counting-house? If lie neglected his duty tion ; but England on the other side may say to her neigh- came and ' slept with her that night, about what had occurred
in local matters, they could not expect he would attend to hour—
upstairs, nor did she communicate her story to anybody till
- natioaat affairs. "Non illas imperium pelagi Kernmque tridentem, th ""nth _ _ _
. .. . .