The Sun.
London, England, 1828-07-25 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

Our City article speaks of the new American
tariff and the affairs of Portugal. On the for-
m,!r -subject, we must say that we think the
Americans are acting indiscreetly, and that it
would be better for them to join with us in
f nting the:trade of 'the world, than to take this
opportunity of separating themselves from us,
and of drawing nice distinctions on the origin
and fabrication of manufactured articles. How,.
ever, they must please themselves : we can
get raw cotton without going to America for it.
But let the landed interest of England consider,
that this war of customs has sprung from the
monopoly which they claim, against the law of
nature, of supplying all Englishmen with bread;
and that this same interest claims another mono-
poly equally against the law of natture.--=that of
supplying all Englishmen with clothing also. It
is from their rapacity that we are now in a state
of commercial war with America, from whence
we had a little flour ; and that the same prin-
ciple would involve us in war with all the Euro-
pean States from whence we have a little wool.
If this is not unjust and illiberal, we know not
what is. The French, it oppears, never acknow-
ledged the legality of the blockade of Oporto.
No more ought we! The blockade 9f an usurper,
declared under a false title, that of Regent, after
he had affected absolute Kingship,—a blockade,
if he were Regent, of one of his Sovereign's own
ports, to the detriment of his lawful Lord's sub-
ject,3,—never ought to have been acknowledged
by any regular Government. However, we are
ready to allow that our friends the French have
reason to be less scrupulous than ourselves in
the observation of blockades. But still neither
they nor we ought to have recognized the block.
ade of Oporto. The injurious dregs, of this
blockade on the Constitutional cause will be
lelrned from the letter signed " S.,'' of which
snoke yesterday, and which we insert to-day.
—Times.

ft would be difficult to determine; from the
speeches of Lord Bexley, and the Duke of Wel-
lington, which of them 'spoke the greatest non •
sense on the subject of the Sinking Fund. Lord
Bexley began by admitting that the only effective
Sinking Fund was an excess of revenue over ex-
penditure ; and yet he held forth on the im-
mense services performed by the Sinking Fund
during the war, when the annual expenditure
greatly exceeded the annual receipts: "In
1813 (quoth he), we had to provide no less a
sum than 105,000,000/., besides the sums ap-
plicable to the National Debt. We were obliged,
in the following years also to make great exer-
tions, and to provide, in 1814, 406,000,000/. ;
and in 1815, 92 millions, making, in the three
years, a sum of 303 millions, which, had all beet,
provided for, without any additional taxes, by the
funds accumulated in the hands of the Commis-
sioners of the Sinking Fund." What mystifica-
tion ! What arrant stuff! What he 'calls
money in the hands of Cominiisioners of the
Sinking Fund is merely a manner of 'Stating ac-
counts. A certain sum is stated as paid for the
interest of debt, and a certain sum-as paid to the
Commissioners ; and a certain sum is borrowed;
the money borrowed in all eases, had there
been no Sinking Fund, would have been minus
the sum alleged to be paid to the Commissioners.,
lii one thing, however, he was not, we believe,
far from the mark. " Unless the machinery for
the redemption of the National Debt were kept'
out of the view of Parliament, be: was afraid
there would be no redemption. If the Sinking
Fund was every year to be made the subeet,ol
a debate, he could not believe that any effectual
progress would be made in redeeming the debt.'
Reasons of expediency would never lie wanting
to throw doubts on the utility of so applying
the money and diverting it to some other Or-
pose." This is the , only good argument for,
taking a definite sum as the Sinking Fund, near
the surplus, and it is on that principle that we
believe three millions have now-been fixed. We
can understand why there should be ajealousy
of Parliamentary rapacity, and: castle-building.
The Great Untaught also thought that a surplus
of revenue over expenditure was the only, Sink-
ing Fund, and yet that wonders had been:
wrought by a Sinking Fund when the revenUe.
was greatly less than the expenditure. The.
Duke's speech was not long, but it was still too
long for his reputation. He should utter a few
intelligible sentences and shake his bead, and he
would pass for an oracle. What a pair of finan-
ciers !—Morning Chronicle.

It is astonishing how people can confound the
high 'or low rate of wages and profits with the
policy and impolicy of the changes in the silk
trade, effected under the counsels of Mr. Ma-.
kisson and Mr. Grant. The rate of wages and
the rate of profits depend on circumstances of
fecting all trades indifferently, and are about .1o.:
material to the question oldie silk duties as the
argument of the wittol, who- insisted, at, the
meeting held at the Old City of London Tavern
on Wednesday, that Mr. Grant's statements were
not to be trusted,, liecause he had measured the
increased consumption of silk by weight, and
not by length. The real point at issue la,
whether the home manufacture has or has
not been able to sustain itself in that partial
rivalry with the foreign which has been permitted.
And this question has been determined, beyond
all possibility of farther controversy, by Mr.,
Grant's clear and convincing statement, founded
on the irrefragable evidence of returns; Rho riling
the quantity of silk actually taken out of the
s,
warehouses to be worked up. It is not therefore,
by vague statements of diminished
general declamation on the hardshi profits, or
ps' endured
by the work-people, that the country will be ins,
tified in withholding from the authors of the
liberal sy3tem that. recognition of its soundness
and advantages which they may so justly elann
as the meed of their political -wisdom and moral
courage in proposing and enforcing its adoption.
—Subjoined is a correct copyof the returns
quoted by Mr. Grant • •
A Statement showing the Constimption,of Silk' throughout
the United Kingdom during`eich of tLi last Five,Ye.ars,
and the first Quarter of the current Year, kesieo6ely.
from Returns of the Quantity taken out of the:Wite-
houses.

......... ......... 1Rba5.w2,8107475e78.ii.k 11Z3°6"8 Vtt
1824 . ......................... 4d271
1825 ... .... . .................. 3,044,416 559:642
1826 ........................... , 289,825
18°7 ........................... 3,158,138•••—• • 454,015
1828, Qr. ending sth April, 1,131,171 112,3c,3
—lbid.
In the House of Lords last night, on the
third reading of the National Debt Bill, Lord
Bexley delivered, a very able and interesting
speech upon the subject of the Sinking Fund,
tracing with great clearness and accuracy its
beneficial effects upon the public interests
throughout all the successive changes it has nil!.
dergone, and proving, in a manner the most
satisfactory and conclusive, the ability of the
country to persevere in the honourable and ad-
vantageous course into which ik,was first im-
pelled by the genius and patriotism of the

' immortal Pitt. The Noble Lord proved by
official documents, and principally by such as are
embodied in the Fourth Report of the Finance
Committee, that notivithatanding the stupendous
efforts made by the nation during the last war,
and the great:increase of, the national debt,, :the
clear annual income of the countryrafter deduct-
ing the interest and charges of the debt thus
increased, was at the conclusion of the war,
and is at this moment, three times as much as
it was when the war began. He proved fur-
ther, upon the same irrefragable authority, that
this immense increase of Revenue is not wrung
from an impoverished, but yielded from the pro-
gressive enjoyments of a prosperous, people.—
He proved this by showing that the . consump-
tion of all articles which come under the de-
scription of luxuries rather than of necessaries
(tea, sugar, coffee, tobacco, spirits, wine), had
increased in a much 'greater ratio in the forty
years from 1787 to 1827, than the numbers of
the people. Taking one and a half per cent.
per annum as the mean rate of the increase of
population, he showed that the consumption of
the articles we have enumerated, taking them '
collectively, had doubled during the last forty
years, or in other words, had increased at the
rate of two and a half per cent. per annum. In
how great a degree the Sinking Fund of Mr.
Pitt contributed to this astounding combination
of immense sacrifices with progressive pros-
perity and enjoyment, may be collected from the
statement by which our Illustrious Premier fol-
lowed up and completed the details and reason-
ings
of Lord Bexley. To the Sinking Fund
the Duke of Wellington very justly ascribed
the fact so important to the interests and
so gratifying to the pride of England, that
at a period' when other nations could not
borrow money unless at a rate of interest the
most exorbitant, or, to speak more correctly,
could not borrow „it at all, without the guarantee
of the national faith of England, the British
Government negotiated' loans to an amount
•which baffles the imagination of mankind, atid
tasks the power of arithmetic to the utmost, at a
rate of interest very little exceeding, upon the
whole, five per cent. ! There is something in
this which must extremely puzzle thOse who set
up for Statesmen, upon the more conceit that
they are skilled in arithmetic.' To this dot-and-
carry. one school of Statesmen, it is very evident
the Duke of Wellington has not the misfortune
or disgrace to belong. He perceives. that there
is something in the moral effect of the measures
of a Government with which the mere science of
numbers can haVe nothing to do ; and he ac-
cordingly expresses his determination, that so
long as he is Prime Minister of England, he
will never abandon that system of Finance which
has produced such incalculable effects, and which
is stamped by the name and authority of the il-
lustrious Pitt.—Morning Post.

TLIE LITERARY MANIA FOR THE CURE
OF CONSUMPTIVE DISEASES.

%%Tr give the following for the benefit of those few who
can understand it : we mit-selves are not, unfortunately,
among the number. of the select.]
TO THE• •EDITOR Or THE SUN.
Veritatis simplex oratio est."

It accords little with our boasted scientific improve-
ment* or Morality—when Journalists fearlessly call public
.attention to a species of quackery and knavery, I had
almost said unparalleled in the annals of charlatanism.
What doeathe;Editor or. Experimentalist really mean by
44 consumptive diseases," for all our maladies are , con-
sumptive," or consuming at, any rate ! .
His reports, for I must not dignify them with the name
of cases—are asthmatical, and not consumptive; and I
ean'tell him what he seems not to be aware,ol, that asthma
even,• is not remediable without suitable air and regimen.
Now, pray, what is asthma? for it is vitally important
that we should distinguish between it and pulmonary con-
sutnption : the latter obviously an organical (and I main-
gain. incurable) affection of the lungs. Let us have done,
then, with the writer's stuff and nonsense, (a sort of substi-
Ante for advertisement, to the detriment of the public Re-
venue, at the same time)—aheut " lucky thoughts," "trivial
objects," and " important consequences," so far, at least,
as they are said to be connected—it is meant that the pub li
-
lic shoultrunderstand, with the cure of pulmonary con-
stunption.
The hit' ikmost admirable : for not a given number of
patients, under the sun, are so liable to be imposed upon as
the asthmatic; 'and if the' reader will have patience with
nie, I will tell'nim why and wherefore.
Astlnna, generally speaking, is a functional affection :
and functional derangements usually get better or worse, as
the exciting causes,irom time to time, are found to act upon
the predispositions of body of the afflicted.
The reader will, naturally, inquire what these predispo-
sitions of habit and exciting causes are; and having made
bold to admonish, I am in duty bound to be explicit to-
wards him.

Predisposition, then, implies a liability to a derangement
of circulation somewhere in the system.
In asthma, the " derangement" is seated chiefly in the
bronchial vessels (the larynx, i. e. the organ of voice and
breathing, and circulation of lungs, themselves), being
primarily affected by sympathy merely. Under such circum-
stances, it is very manifest that the mere difficulty of breath-
ing, cough, or expectoration, can form no positive crite-
rion pf the lung's organical affection. It is the fever, call
it hectic if you will—and the progressive (rather than
recurrent or spasmodic) increase of difficulty of breath-
ing—in a word, the predisposition to deranged circulation
of lungs—on which we must form our judgment as to the
approaches to, or actual progress of, pulmonary consumption.
With regard to " cough" I repeat—it is ever a falla-
cious ovniptom, and most liable to mislead the inexpe-
rienced, on account of its being incidental, alike, to func-
tional and organical derangement of the lungs. The skilful
physician, therefore, will have due regard to these symp-
toms, for symptoms vitally important, at times, they are—
and neither delay, nor tamper with the derangement (mem-
branous or parenchymatous) manifestly the source of them.
The Editor's prosings relative to the treatment of con-
sumptive diseases—doing no sort of harm, should it fail
to do good—is neither more nor less than a gratuitous and
sinister e;...post'; of its absurdity and failure; for merits are
out of the question.
But, on the other hand, I affirm—be the " treatment"
what it may—that, failing to cure, it must necessarily aggra-
vate ibe malady !
Again---0 delays are dangerous"—and, especially so,
under functional derangement of vital organs : seeing that
their organic affection is, almost without exception, in-
•curable, I advert to " exciting ceases," and most respect-
-1 cults and disinterestedly take my leave of the reader. .
I nemerl
wo4i4 prerail upon the " asthmatic"..-(whose malady,
assuretkly„ie. iabl e,
by judicious treatment—a pure
4"4"4"6""a4 ',suitable .regimen)neither to tamper
with nostrum
eft, become dupes to needy charlatan pre-
tenders.
with,rnspect tome predisposed, to pulmonary cousump•
ter, is hot hopeless, provided the
tion—their cure, believe
wugo, already, have not :satainesi organical injury ; for,
air and ratimen,.
killy(aslaimr ioan ldate rered'i; ined
aided ley. judicious medicine,
will
ltlpberfortn much; *'mud) indeed, for theta. Without a
prhper subjectionjcinv, atimd
to
uretheilf,otriutmermo, however,
a
will prove ineffectual.
• .i$ Virttis in action ennaistit'!: ,
, .
North Shields, June, Is- • . • MEDICUS.

geptleman finished
A BAD EXCEPTION.—A
an eulogiuni on a lady with these words :—" Ab, s;ir
nothing beats a good wife."—" I beg
rut. pardon (re..,
joined a byestander) a bad husband does.
I' It
FLOATING LIGH Tile floating-light
ship, stationed off this Spuru, has come into this port for
repairs, and now lies in the dry dock in Lime-street, where
she had been visited by numbers of persons, who have de-
rived much gratification from the inspection of her appara-
tus and fittings up. When on her station, she is provided
with a crew consisting of a dozen hands, half of whom re
main on shore, while the other half continue on hoard, re-
lieving each other every month. She seldom has any
communication with the land; but tI4 pilots sometimes
board her, to present the captain with a newspaper, or to
perform other little offices of civility. The lowborn, we
are given to understand, Weighs about tOll. —Hid? Pada( ,

TURKEY.

(OFFICIAL.)

I , ,
" The strengthening of the bon& of good under-
standing and of friendship which the Porte has so
long maintained towards the Court of France being
the object of the unceasing endeavours of the two
empires, the departure and absence of the French
legation from Constantinople was never desired nor
agreeable ; and if the 'departure of your Excellency,
(agreeably to fate's decrees) has excited our lively
regret, the continuation of your absence has scarcely
caused us less pain : however, the state of things
evidently proves,that in the Interchange of the good
intentions and favourable dispositions with which
the Sublime Porte was always animated, the Court
of France has, on its side, always sincerely desired
the maintenance of the most perfect harmony. The
advice of the return of. your Excellency to Corfu
being a certain proof. and further evidence of the
sincerity and pure intention of France, gratifies us,
and occasions us to take the first step to open the
way to negociatiOns, conformably to a good under-
standing, to renew our relations; since your friendly
declarations, made before and since, show the desire
of France—that its aim, full of good faith, is the
will to maintain the dignity and prosperity of its
ancient friend the Sublime Ottoman Porte, as
well as the preservation of its sovereignty and
absolute power, so the system and conduct of the
Sublime Porte have at all tittles been based by right
and justice; and it is notorious that she has been
constantly a faithful ally; conforming all her actions
to the Holy Law, and never permitting the in-
fraction of treaties, nor the violation of a sincere
friendship. This separation, therefore, though it
cannot appear conformable to the friendly relations of
the two Powers, yet cannot affect the ancient and
loyal friendship which subsists between them—the
pleasure, besides, that friends experience in meeting
after a separation, contributes at all times to cement
more closely their attachment, and consolidate their
ties. So the first and only desire and pure inten-
tion of the Sublime Porte is to pursue the path of
' justice, and to obtain the general tranquillity of its
subjects--expecting that. the good and equitable
views of the Court of France, the ancient and af-
fectionate friend of the Ottoman Government, tend
equally to the like object.
" hi case your Excellency should return to Con-
stantinople, so that the affairs which have been dis-
cussed between us, according to the pure intentions
and friendly dispositions of the two empires, may ar-
rive at a happy termination through these amicable
conferences, depend that your Excellency will receive
on the part of the Sublime Porte, every honour and
consideration.

"After this explanation, we wait with impatience
the return of your Excellimey to Constantinople, and
we address a similar 'ncite to the Ambassador of
England.
" It is for your especial information, and to ex-
press the high consideration we entertain for your
person, that we address you the present. Your
friend, the undersigned, hopes that if it please God,
when you receive it and know its contents, that
your earnest zeal will be used to consolidate the basis
of a good understanding, according to the contents
of the above."