The Sun.
London, England, 1844-10-16 00:00:00

THE SUN is Published EVERY MORNING at FIVE O'CLOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time for the AFTERNOON TRAIN./
coil a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, containing PARLIAMENTARY and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that Hour.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
Tit? PROTEOSCOPE, an original Optical 'lnstrument, unli-
mited in its appliances to Nature and Art, a highly valuable addition
to LONGBOTTOM'S OPAQUE MICROSCOPE. The Pictorial Il-
lustration of the Passions, from Collins's Ode, with Vocal and Instru-
mental Music, is the first sultiect exhibited by the PHYSIOSCOPE,
at a Quarter to Five o'clock in the Afternoon, and at a Quarter to
Ten in the Evening. Dr.- RYAN'S present daily Lecture is on
POISONS and their ANTIDOTZ:S, at half-past Three, and on the
Evenings of Monday, Wednesday. and Friday, at a Quarter to
Niue. Professor BACHHOEINER Lectures on the alternate Eve-
nings. The Lectures abound in Interesting Experiment,l. The
HYDRO-ELECTRIC MACHINE, DIVING-11ET.,L and DIVER,
&c.—The Music is Composed and Conducted by T. WALLIS, 11113.
Doc. Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.

PUBLICATIONS.

IRELAND.
REPEAL ASSOCIATION.

both colours, and we did all we could to combine both
populations. I, myself, for more than six years, courted
the Orangemen in every way in my power. I was
laughed at for my pains. Though no man likes to be
the object of ridicule, yet I bore it, and persevered in my
efforts to conciliate the Orangemen. , They refused to be
conciliated, and yet they were suppressed by an Act of
Parliament, brought in by their own friends, the Tories
----an Act which we, the Catholics, did not call for, and
which many of us opposed.
" My stx-rn proof is also derived from :the conduct of
the Catholics since emancipation with respect to the
parliamentary and municipal elections. In no instance,
at any parliamentary election, was a Catholic preferred
to a Liberal Protestant. In every instance of parliamen-
tary elections a Liberal Protestant has been preferred to
a Catholic. The same principle and practice have pre-
vailed in our municipal elections. In every instance the
Liberal Protestants have been preferred to Catholics.
The office of Lord Mayor of Dublin has been filled by
three gentlemen since the Municipal Reform Bill. The
first was a Catholic—the second a Protestant. The third
is a Catholic ; but his successor, the Lord Mayor Elect.,
is a Protestant. This evidence of a total absence of a
bigoted feeling among the Catholics is the stronger in
Dublin, where the Catholics had been, for near forty
years before emancipation, and for several years after,
capable, in point of law, of being freemen of the Cor-
poration ; yet not one single Catholic was allowed to
attain even that small benefit. It is not, therefore, from
the conduct of the Catholics that these idle jealousies and
fears arise ; but, unhappily, from some self-condemna-
tion on the part of several Protestants. It is in human
nature that some of them should be unable to believe,
even from the most distinct proofs, that others are more
liberal than they are themselves.
" The SEVENTH proof, that unlimited confidence may
be reposed in the Catholic people of Ireland, I dravettltu-
rally and forcibly from the conduct of the people at the
monster meetings last year—meetings at which not only
no violence was committed, but not even one single acci-
dent occurred. At the lowest calculation, one million
of Irish assembled at Tara ; yet, not one single person
was pressed upon, or trodden upon, or hurt, or injured—
aye, even by accident ! Are not these a people fit to
share in the government of their native land ? Oh !
how idly are jealousies and fears entertained of such a
people.
" The EIGHTII proof is derived from the mighty tem-
perance movement. More than five millions, principally
Catholics, have taken the pledge. A very small per
centage, indeed, have violated it—a per centage so
minute as to be almost incapable of enumeration. Tem-
perance carries in its train to the house of the poor man
many and many a social virtue. Vic of every kind flies
before temperance. Amongst the temperance men the
religious feeling is easily predominant. The public-
houses are deserted ; the altar-rails are thronged. Oh,
blessed be God ! the Irish people are fit to be a nation.

MR. AINSWORTH'S NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE.
ILLUziTIZATIONS BY GEORGE CRLTIKSHANK.
J.,st ready, In 3 voli.,
AINT J A MES'S;
1.3

lIPORTANT LETTER FROM MR. O'CONNELL.

DUBLIN, OCT. 14.—The usual weekly meeting of the
Association was held this day in the Conciliation Hall.
On the motion of Mr. MAURICE O'CONNELL the chair
was taken by J. P. Somers, Esq., M.P.
The CuAtumix briefly addressed the meeting.
Mr. DIAURICE O'CoNNELL handed in a few sums of
money, and then proceeded to read the following very
important letter from Mr. O'Connell :
" TO THE ACTING SECRETARY OF THE LOYAL NATIONAL

ort,
THE COURT OF QUEEN ANNE.
By W. HARRISON AINSWORTH, Esq•
Also just coin uenud, by the same Author
REvELA.TioNs OF LONDON ;
With IlinAration by " Phis," In " Ainsworth's Magazine."
London : John -Mortimer, Publisher, Adelai le-street.

NEW WORK BY THE AUTHOR OF "THE PILOT," "AFLOAT
AND ASHORE," &e.
Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vole., post Ivo.
UCY HARDINGE.
AA A S?cond Series of " AFLOAT and ASHORE ;
or, the ADVENTURES of MILES WALLINGFORD."
By J. FENIMORE COOPER, Esq.
Author of " The Pilot," " The Red Rover," " The Doerslayer," &c.
" I his wort: pos,css,,s all Coopers peculiar qualities—his dramatic
Power and of dialoue, his accurate portraiture of character—and,
at•ove all, his singular force and vividucse of description, in which he
confessedly shines without an equal. The sea-sketches are pour-
trayed with that exact and vigorous felicity which was so conspi-
cuous a feature in The l'ilut.' "--Sue.
llkhard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

GILEs' CASTLE H E HOTEL (LATE SWET'S), TAIINTOIT.
ROBERT GILES gratefully acknowledge 3 the
liberal support and patronage bestowed by his numerous
friends, and the public generally, during a residence of many years
at the GEOB.U,E INN, and respectfully informs them that he lies
taken the hotel, known as " SWEET'S HOTEL," in Castle Green ;
and hopes, by unremitting attention in every department, to merit a
continuance of their patronage.
Giles Castle hotel will undergo a complete renovation, and Re
found replete with every comfort. First-rate Apartments, a well-
stocked Larder, superior Wines, well-direr'. Beds, and every other
requisite calculated to insure the comfort of his guess, at mole-
rate charges.
The arrangements of this nrst-rate Hotel will enable R. G. to acco-
modate thin Nobility and Gentry with Suites of Apartments of a very
superior characte7.
N B.—The Commercial Room (exclusively for commercial gentle-
men) will receive especial attention ; and It. G., whilst thankfully
acknowledging past favours, respectfully solicits increased patronage
In this department.
The Posting will be conducted in the first-rate style, stettly horses,
modern vehicles, together with careful drivers.
Lock-up coach houses, &c.,
** An Omnibus takes to and from every Train.
October 1, 1844.

In I's mo., cloth, price 35., or brand, with gilt edges, for Christmas
Prosont;, price
ILLUSTRATIONS or the LAW of KINDNESS.
By the Ito-. G. W. MONTGOMERY.
With a Prefatory Address to the English Reader.
London : Wiley and Putnam, 6, Waterloo-place. Edinburgh: A.
and C. Black. Dublin : W. Curry and Co.

RATiS, on SA FURD AY NEXT, October
19, to every purchaser of No. 34 of the NEW PARLEY LI-
BRARY, p; ice 0 ,e Penny, the best and cheapest periodical of the
day, containing an immense mass of useful and entertaining matter,
with munc illosiration,,, No. I. of FAIR ROSAMOND, a Romance,
by PIE:10E EGAx_TIII: YOUNGER, embellished with beautiful
Steel Etchings.
Oawhyn, Catherine-street, Strand; Barthe, Brydges•street ; and
all Bookselirrs.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
25, CORNEILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,010.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady saccen and increasing prospority of the Soc!ety has
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation declare a
second Bonus, avera;ing 60 per cent. on the amounts hive ed on each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.
EXAMPLES.

In one th,ek vo'., a New edition. being the Ninth, much enlarged,
price Ids.
MODERN DOMESTIC MEDICINE;
a Popular Treatise, exhibiting the Symptoms, Causes, and
most efficacious Treatment of Diseases ; with a Collection of approved
Prescriptions, Management of Children, Doses of Medicines, &c.
Forming a Comprehensive Guide for the Clergy, Families, and In-
valids. By T. J. GRAHAM, M.D., &c.
" It is evidently the result of great professional talent, experience,
an I judgment ; the author everywhere appears conscientious and
candid. One object is prominently evident—a sincere desire to be
ncfit his sufforing fellow-creatu. es. To recommend a work like the
present to our readers, is only to manifest a proper regard for their
welfare."—Literary Journal, Feb. 18-13.
" It is altogether deserving of permanent popularity."—Londen
Weekly Review.
Simpkin and Co., Paternoster-row; Hatchards. 187, Piccadilly;
and Tcgg, Cbcapside. Sold by all Booksellers.
Also, by the same author, in Svo., price Us. Third Edition, enlarged,
2. ON THE DISEASES OF FEMALES; a Treatise, illus-
trating their symptoms, Causes, Varieties, and Treatment. With
numerous Cases, and a Medical Glossary. Including the Diseases
and Management of Pregnancy and Lying-in.
" It contains a mass of information indispensable to those fer
whom it is intended, and surpasses in value any other book of its cha-
racter."—Bl tckwood's Lady's Magazine.

1 1
' ~..4 1 5 •-•••
,474 '7.1 9••
',..re
4'l Z.' ' r --4 . Banns I Bonus in P., v 4 ~., ,_, ›. -
A , 2 eminm. 2
P• F .; I added.. Cash. g' . 65t
1 • , `i'
X X s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. X s. d. £ s. d.l
I 1837 170 9 3 77 5 1 12 3 5 34G 2 3
10 100 74 3 4 1838 144 2 2 64 5 6 916 4 226 13 4
1839 116 16 0 51 511 7 II 9 247 4 5

X s. ds
34G 2 3
2(26 13 4
247 4 5

10'1006

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De-
cember of the present year.
This institution offers many important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
rho assured has, on all occasions, the power to bornw, without ex-
Dense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium polo,
(see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances
for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Sec.

LAMERT ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, AND ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, U..
" He who ih pleasure's downy anus
Nc'er lost his health or yeuthfu 'charms,
A herd lives, and justly can
Exclaim, in me behold a man I"
ust published (in a scaled envelope), Tenth Edition, price 2s. 6d.,
or sent by post, free, to any address, 3s. 6d..
ELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on
those concealed disorders originating in youthful excesses,
and terminating in Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, and all those Sinking, Anxieties, and Tremors, which
afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Restoration.
Elz SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon
9, BEDI. ORD-STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University o Edinburgh, Honorary
Memter of the London Hospita 'Medical Society, Licentiate of

Who so fit as they ? -
_
" The NINTH proof, that the jealousies and fears of
Catholic ascendancy are unfounded and preposterous, is
grounded on the number and strength of the Protestants
themselves. If any attempt were made to establish a
Catholic ascendancy, all the Protestants would naturally
and necessarily rally against such iniquitous proceeding.
They would be joined by all the liberal and enlightened
Catholics, and by all the just, generous, and humane
Catholics. They would be backed and supported by
Protestant England. Their enemies would have all the
weakness belonging to injustice. The Protestants would
have on their side the powerful moral force of being in
the right and suffering unjustly wrong. I do firmly re-
peat it, that nothing in nature can be so absurd as for
the Protestants of Ireland to apprehend a Catholic as-
cendancy.
" My TENTH proof of the idleness of any such fear is
the fact, that from the state of property in Ireland, a
very great number of the Members of the House of Com-
mons must be, and probably a majority would be Pro-
testants. In the Irish House of Lords the Catholic Peers
are about five per cent. of the entire. How is it possible
to apprehend that any ascendancy law could pass such a
Parliament ?—and it is still more impossible that such
a law should receive the assent of the Protestant Mo-
narch of Great Britain and Ireland. _ _

UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY,
8, WATERLOO-PLACE, PALL-MALL, LONDON.
Established by Act of Parliament in 1834.
DIVISION OF PROFITS AMONG THE ASSURED.
This Company, established by Act of Parliament, affords the most
perfect security in a large paid-up Capital, and in the great success
which has attended it since its commencement in 1834, its ANNUAL
INCOME being UPWARDS of 72,0001.
In 1841 the Company declared an addition to the Shareholders of
one-half of their Stock, and also added a Bonus of 21. per cent. per
annum, on the Sum Insured to all Policies of the Participating Class
from the time they wets effected.
The Bonus added to olicies from March, 1834, to December 31,
1840, is as follows :
Sum Time Sum added Sum Time Sum added
Assured. Assured. to Policy. Assured. Assured. to Policy.
£5OOO 6 yrs. 10 mths. £683 6 8 £5OOO 4 years £lOO
5000 6 years 600 0 0 5000 2 years 200
The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and
only one-half need be paid for the first Five Years, where the Insur-
ance is for Life.
Every information will he afforded on application to the Resident
Directors, Edward Boyd, Esq., and E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., of No. 8,
Waterloo-place, London.

Apothecary's Hall, Lonclon,&c.
" Th... various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent Xrivileges of mankind, are frequently marred and prevented
throug`•.! the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
among others, this Essay addresses itself; and by its perusal many
questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even
to the most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette.
" The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from its title,
and we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are
:offering from nervous debility and general weakness."—Wakefield
Journal.
Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 arid
52, Paternoster-row ; Starie, 23, Tichborne-street, Quadrznt, Regent
street; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; Noble, 114, Chancery-
lane; Gordon, 146, Leagenhall-street ; and by all Booksellers.
At home every day till Three, and from Five till Eight.

BRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE COM-
PANY, 1, Princes.strect, Bank, London.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament (4 Viet., cap. 9.)
HALF CREDIT RATES OF PREMIUM.

....
Persons assured according to these rates are allowed credit (with.
out security) for half the amount of the first seven Annual Pre-
miums, paying interest thereon at the rate of Five per Cent, per
Annum, with the option of paying off' the Principal at any time, or
having the amount deducted from the sum assured when the Policy
becomes a claim.
Policies may thus be effected at lower rates than are generally
required for the term of seven years only ; whilst the holders have
the same security for the payment of their claims, whenever death
may happen, as if they paid double the amount of premium, which
would be charged for assurances effected in the usual way.

APPLICATIONS for SHARES being continued
to be sent into the Office of the DIRECT NORTHERN
RAILWAY COMPANY, the Committee beg to intimate that no
further letters ran be attended to, the ALLOTMENT being
COMPLETED. Parties to whom Allotments have been made
must pay their Deposits, agreeable to the Letters of Allotment, on
or before NoN DAY, the 21st instant, to any of the undermentioned!

BANKERS.
London—The Union Bank of London, 8, Moorgate•street.
York—York City and County Banking Company.
Edinburgh—The National Bank of Scotland ; the Edinburgh
and Glasgow Bank.
Glasgow—The Western Bank of Scotland ; the National Bank
of Scotland.
Aberdeen—The North of Scotland Bank.
Liverpool—The Liverpool Banking Company.
Manchester—The Manchester and Liverpool District Bank.
Birmingham—The Birmingham and Midland Banking Company.
Leeds—Messrs. Beckett and Co.
Hull—Messrs. Thomas and Robert Ralkes and Co.
Huddersfield—Huddersfield Banking Company.

Extract from the Half Credit IL
Annual Franium required for an Assuran
Term of Life.

ates of Premium.
Ice of 100/., for the Whole

Age. Half Premium for Seven
Years.

Whole Premium alter
Seven Years.

X s. d.
1 1 9
1 4 11
1 9 2
1 14 10
2 '2 6
2 12 9
9 6 8

X A. d.
2 3
2 9 10
2 18 4
3 9 8
4 5 0
5 5 6
9 13 4

By order of the Committee,

WILLIAM AMSINCR, Secretary.
Direct Northern Railway Company, 64, Moorgate-street,
Oct. 16, 1844.

PETER MORRISON, Resident Director.

FORGERY.—CAUTION.—Some unprincipled
persons are advertising spurious Teas under a forged title, In
the hope of passing them off as Captain PIDDING'S TEAS. Pur-
chasers of his Hownua's Teas will observe that all genuine packages
bear his signature thus—" Captain John Rhodes ridding, Hon. Com-
pany's Service." The advantages possessed by Captain ridding—
among others, the having secured for himself the exclusive importa-
tion of these Teas—are the result of eight voyages made to China,
and Ilve years spent in that country.
Captain ridding has only two agents in London—Verret', 229, Re-
gent-street, corner of Hanover-street ; also 3, Pall-mar, next the
Haymarket ; aid T. Littlejohn and Son, 77, King William-street, City.
For country agencies, address to Captain ridding, College-hill.

STATE OF TRADE.

FOREIGN I\' OOL TRADE, LEEDS, OCT. 11.—We can
only this week confirm our last report. About an
average amount of business has been transacted, and
prices are without variation.
WOOL MARKET, LEEDS, OCT. 11.—There is not
any alteration of moment in this market to report this
week, either as regards the amount of sales or quota-

•
Lions of prices.
WAKEFIELD WOOL MARKET, OCT. 11.--The market
continues much in the same state as it has been for
the last few weeks : stocks are not much reduced, and
prices stationary.
BRADFORD MARKET, THURSDAY.— The attendance
of buyers at the piece market to-day has been only
scanty, and the amount of business very limited. For
some weeks past there has been a visible change in
the state of our market, the demand gradually
slackening, and the stocks, despite the greatest care,
insensibly accumulating; so that, comparing its pre-
sent state with what it was in July, the alteration is
most perplexing and disheartening. Various reasons
are assigned for this, but the most plausible appears to
be, that the stocks of finished goods on the continent are
so large that the demand for foreign markets has
nearly ceased. But the problem is, how are things
to he remedied? Were spinners and manufacturers
at once to " drop on to short time," as the saying is,
there is a probability that matters would right them-
selves much sooner than if the present rate of produc-
tion is maintained. Some of our largest establishments
have already resorted to this expedient in one way or
other, either by not lighting up or by stopping looms.
We hoar of one house which has stopped 200 looms,
and that in the district no less than 1,500 looms
have been stopped. The expedient is no doubt a
painful and trying one to many, both employers and
labourers ; but it is obvious a li►tle suffering such
as this now will .tend to prevent that greater suffer-
ing which must inevitably ensue from a protraction
of the existing state of trade. We sincerely hope the
prudential measures adopted by our spinners and
manufacturers will have the desired effect, and that
ere long they will be able to resume operations with
their wonted activity. In yarns there is scarcely so
much activity, which is likely to be met by a cur-
tailed production. Prices are materially lower within
the last three or four months, while wool has by no
means kept pace with the decline, thus leaving the
spinner no alternative but to shelter himself from loss
by reducing his production. During the past week
very little wool has changed hand, and ,the business
done is on terms rather more favourable to the buyer.
In nods and shorts the demand continues steady, and
prices generally firm.
TRADE OF MANCHESTER, THURSDAY EVENING.—
We have had a very regular, steady, and large de-
mand this week for all kinds of cloth, especially for
printing fabrics, and the tone of the market is quite
healthy to-day, and closes with a prospect of slight
advance on most kinds. The home trade is every
week more brisk. The demand is quite unparalleled,
and, what is better, likely to continue. The yarn
market continues lively, and was to a later period of
the season for export than is usual with the Russian
houses. The business doing is immense.
LEEDS.—The cloth markets, at both cloth halls,
were on Saturday of the same dull charactar of the
last few market days, but on Tuesday there was more
business done in goods of all descriptions. The
stocks of good:;, notwithstanding the markets have
been duller, are much lower than usual at this season,
'and prices are steady There is little doing by the
houses connected with the shipping trade just now,
but a very fair business is doing for the home mar-
ket.—Leeds Mercury.

CADETS, ASSISTANT-SURGEONS, OF-
FICERS, and PASSENGERS, proceeding to INDIA or the
COLONIES', are strongly urged, previous to their ineumbering them-
selves with the old-fashioned wooden sofas and iron bedsteads, ad-
vertised as patents, to inspect JOHNSON'S (late Merriman) PA-
TENT BEDSTEADS, which, for warm climates, require neither
mattress nor bolster. To be seen at Johnson's Outfit Warehouse,
1-;0, Piccadilly.

THE PATENT COMPOSITE CANDLES.
These Candles burn without snuffing more brilliantly than the
best Wax, and are cheaper in proportion to the light given than the
commonest Tallow Candles. The Patentees respectfully beg all pur-
chasers to ask in the shops simply for " Price's Patent Candles," as
many imitators have adopted the term " Composite." They are sold
by most of the respectable Tallow Chandlers throughout the King-
dom, and are supplied wholesale to the trade by Edward Price
and Co., Belmont, Vauxhall, and by Palmer and Co., Sutton. street,
Clcrkenwell.

•
AMERICAN ICE.-LYNN'S WATERLOO
MOTEL, RANELAG/I-STREET, LIVERPOOL.
WILLIAM LYNN respectfully calls the attention of the nobility,
gentry, hotel-keepers, and others, to this beautiful and cheap article
of importation. It is in solid blocks, weighing from ono to two hun-
dred pounds each, and is as clear as crystal ; it can be sent to any
distance, with very trifling waste ; and is used for a variety of pur-
poses that English Ice cannot be applied to.
W. L. has imported some PROVISION SAFES from America, for
the use and comfort of Private Families—
The REFRIGERATOR, er (as sometimes designated) a Miniature
Ice-house. This is a new and useful article of furniture, rapidly
coming into use in northern and southern climes ; it is designed to
keep cool and sweet such dishes in the culinary department as arc
necessary to be protected from the heat of the weather during the
summer season.
The Refrigerator is now considered an indispensible article in the
economy of every good housewife ; the quantity of food it protects
from the weather will more than pay the cost of the article in
one year.
They may be seen In operation, in their various valuable and useful
purposes, at the Waterloo Hotel, and families can be supplied with
them on modiVate terms.
American Ice, wholesale and retail.
Live Turtle and Turtle-soup sent to any part of the kingdom.

---- -
Dispatches from the Governor-General of Canada,
and also from the Governors of the other North Ame-
rican provinces, were received yesterday afternoon at
the Colonial-office.
Tun NEW :METROPOLITAN BUILDING ACT.—The
Commissioners of her Majesty's Woods and Forests have
just issued a notice that they have appointed Sir Robert
Jam 's Pennethorne, Esq., and Thomas Cubitt,
Esq., to constitute with the official referees a Board for
the examination of persons who may present themselves
for the purpose [of obtaining certificates of qualification
for the office of ;District Surveyor within the limits of
the New Metropolitan Building Act. All communica-
tions for the sail examiners are to be addressed to the
Registrar of Metropolitan Buildings, at his office, No. 3,
Trafalgar-square.—Fromthe Builder.

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

" My next proof is deduced from the conduct of the
Repeal Association and its agitators on the triumphant
event of the reversal of the judgment against leading
members o! the Association. There never was a prose-
cution more vexatiously conducted. The usual courtesy
—a slight one in itself—of allowing us to appear by at-
torney, was refused. We were compelled to be in readi-
ness to appear in Court every passing hour. I will not
dwell upon the one-sidedness of the charge of the Chief
Justice, whose nephew has got an excellent place in the
Castle, and whose son-in-law has got that excellent
thing, an Irish bishopric, from the prosecuting Govern-
ment ; neither shall I dwell on the now-for-ever-admitted
on the face of the record fraudulent management of the
jury list—nor shall I dilate upon the unjust imprison
ment which we have sustained for no less than three
months ; an imprisonment for which, as the record now
demonstrates, there is no kind of justification or pallia-
tion ; an imprisonment which the Court itself offered to
suspend if the Attorney-General, that is, the Irish Go-
vernment, would consent. I pass over, also, without com-
ment, what Lord Cloricurry has called the projected mas-
sacre at Clontarf.' I pass these by for the present as mate-
rials, I trust, for Parliamentary inquiry and impeachment.
But I avail myself of them for the single purpose of
showing that never were men so provoked, so un-
justly stimulated to irritation and revenge, so ex-
cited to break out into an exuberance of revengeful joy ;
never was there a set of men more entitled to all the vio-
lence of triumph at the ultimate reversal of the judgment;
yet, Protestant non-repealers, we appeal to you whether
passion was not suppressed, irritation and excitement
mitigated and soothed, every species of insult avoided ;
agitation, instead of being inflamed, cooled down into
something that has been reproached by our enemies as
timidity ; yes, we have preferred the appearance of what
we could not feel, timidity, by the excess of our meek-
ness, to anything that could prevent a single non-re-
pealer from joining the ranks of his country.
" Non-repealers, reflect deeply upon these different
topics; you have everything to gain—you can have
nothing to lose—by the repeal. The repeal will restore
to Ireland a circulation, in employment, wages, and
business, of not less than six millions per annum ; but I
am not at present arguing the question ; every man in
Ireland intuitively knows that the Irish ought to make
laws for Ireland, and that no country was ever governed
for the benefit of its people by another country.
" I shall simply confine myself to a quotation of the
most perfect truth from the late Lord Chief Justice
Bushe. His words are—' Iforget for a momeut the un
principled means by which the union has been promoted,
and I look on it simply as England reclaim-
ing, in a moment of our weakness, that dominion
which we extorted
.from her in a moment of our virtue
—a dominion which she uniformly abused—which
invariably oppressed and impoverished us, and from the ex-
tortion of which we date all our prosperity." He added—
' The union is a measure which goes to degrade the country
by saying it is unworthy to govern itself. It is the revival
of the odious and absurd title of conquest—it is a revival of
the abominable distinction between mother country and colony
which lost America - IT IS THE DENIAL OF THE
RIGHTS OF NATURE TO A GREAT NATION FROM AN
INTOLERANCE OF ITS PROSPERITY.'
" Now, I take it that no proposition was ever so per-
fectly clear as this ; that Ireland cannot, and will not,
submit to that denial of the rights of nature which be-
longed to her as a great nation and a virtuous people. It
is perfectly clear that things cannot remain as they are,
there must necessarily be a change. This is asserted as
distinctly and emphatically by the Conservative member
of the Corporation of Dublin, the talented Dr. Maunsell,
as it is by me. The Irish people have more of the
virtue of perseverance than the people of any other
country on the face of the earth—they have been spo-
liated of property, it is true, but they have retained,
tenaciously retained, their opinions, their sentiments,
their affections, and, above all, they have clung to their
religion with desperate fidelity. They, are, I repeat, the
most persevering people on the face of the earth—they
never will, they never can, abandon the cause of repeal ;
and they will ultimately carry that measure, as assuredly
as that to-morrow's sun will rise. Whilst we, leading
agitators, and particularly whilst I happen to live, they
will never seek to carry the repeal by forcible or violent
means ; but the man is worse than man who does not
perceive in the conduct of the Irish people that determi •
nation to establish self-government which, when the pre-
sent leaders, and I amongst them, are removed, may well
produce separation, but can *ever tolerate the continu-
ance of the union.
" This, indeed, is just the time to carry repeal peace-
ably, quietly, legally, constitutionally. We are arrived
at a time when if the Protestant and Catholic non-
repealers abandon their apathy or opposition, and join
in the agitation for repeal, the union can be repealed
without danger, difficulty, tumult, or force; and without,
in any way, disturbing the rights of property, or the
enjoyments of social life. A bloodless political change,
such as that of 1829, can now be achieved without diffi-
culty—a bloodless political change, such as that of 1782,
can now be achieved without the least difficulty. Lord
Althorn himself, when opposing the repeal, because
called for by only a section, however large, of the Irish
people, declared, that if the entire of the Irish nation
required that repeal, they were entitled to it. This
proposition was full of plain good sense. In fact, if
the Irish nation were combined in a peaceable and legal
struggle," resistance would be vain or impossible.
" This is just the period when the union could be re-
pealed in the manner most satisfactory to those Pro-
testants who have hithetto been neutral or adverse, by
reason of their fears of violent or tumultuary proceed-
ings. The Repeal Association is ready, I am ready, for
one humble individual, to join in the modes of acting
most satisfactory to the timid or reluctant. It is a
period in which the lead would be given at once
ten-
the e
eto the
x
aristocracy of wealth, and to the persons
country.sons
most
sively interested in the prosperity of
itopeal Association does not require any O'Con The
.nellite
pay. We are all ready to give to the house of L muster,
if, o heaven! that family would once again join for Ire-
land; we are ready to give the illustrious Charleraout

family —a family bearing a name to conjure with ; we
are ready to give to any other of the Irish aristocracy ;
we are ready to give to Mr. Grey Porter, or Mr. Shar-
man Crawford, or to any other gentleman of talent and
fortune—Protestant or Catholic—the lead in the great
movement. Especially we are ready to give, and we are
giving heartily and cordially, to Mr. Smith O'Brien, to
the Hon mrable Mr. Hutchinson, and to our other Pro-
testant associates, the lead in the great struggle to rein-
state Ireland amongst the nations.
"Indeed, the unlimited confidence which Mr. Smith
O'Brien has acquired, and which the Hon. Mr. Hutchin-
son is daily acquiring, should demonstrate to all right-
thinking Protestant non•repealers, with what facility
they would obtain their proper weight, and importance,
and consideration in the contest for the repeal, and for
the reconstruction of the Irish Parliament.

" This is emphatically the time for Catholic and Pro-
testant non-repealers to join in the-agitation.
" If they wish, as they naturally must, to share in
the government of their own country—if they desire to
secure their estates from future convulsion, and if they
wish to increase tenfold the value of their property, they
will join with us in procuring the re-establishment of the
Irish Pat liament, without which there can be no lasting
tranquillity in Ireland.
" This emphatically is a period when good humour,
good temper, thedisposition to conciliate, and the anxiety
to combine all classes, prevails among the Irish people.
There is nothing revolutionary in the dispositions of the
repealers ; quite the contrary, an anxiety to prevent
any forcible change, and to maintain the social state un-
impaired and improved.
" Never was there a period of more good temper and
hilarity. This is the time for peacefu combination of
all sect:, and persuasions ; the very fact of there being a
large military force in Ireland at present ought to give
additional security against the-Prevalence of any vio-
lent or revolutionary disposition" and that army, which
has been sent here to prevent repeal, would necessarily
be protective of the peaceful settlement of the great
question.
" Everything favours a combination at the present
moment ; even the pro alence of the hitherto scattered
elements of federalism now facilitates our great object.
" It is true that federalism has not yet displayed
itself in the strength which I believe really belongs to
it. I know there are numbers of individuals who have
not joined the Repeal Association, and yet are opposed
to the continuation of the union upon its present basis,
and des:re a federal connexion in its stead.

" In inviting those persons to: join the contest for re-
peal, it is incumbent upon the Association distinctly to
trace out how far t simple repealers' and federalists
can go together ; as also to point out how far the road
is common to both ; and to show distinctly
i where a dif-
ference, if any, arises between them. It s our duty to
canvass the particulars of that difference, and to yield
to whatever appears most practical and most useful in
Ireland.

" For my own part, there never lived a being who
would less than myself claim any species of infallibi-
lity. I wculd yield, for the sake of co-operation, every-
thing but principle. I would follow in the track of any
man who seeks fur the restoration to Ireland of the power
of legislation.
" Let me, then, state the principles upon which the
' simple repealers' desire to act ; and let me show how
far the federalists concur in those principles.
" The FIRST principle is founded on the determina-
tion, at all hazards' to preserve the connexion between
Great Britain and Ireland, through the means of the
power of a sole executive, and the golden link of the

Crown.
'• In this principle both simple repeaters' and fede-
ralists' completely arse.
" The SECOND principle results from the necessity of
the repeal of the union statute, 50th George 111.,
chap. 47.
" The statute must be put out of the way legally and
constitutionally.
"In this principle ' simple repeaters' and fede-
ralists' equally agree. Both, in fact, being repeaters of
the union, because federalism can commence only after
the repeal of that statute.
" The THIRD principle arises from the necessity of a
reconstruction of the Irish Parliament.

" This principle belongs, in common, to both classes
of repealers, simple repealer' and federalists ;' be-
cause, the mere repeal of the union statute would not
answer the purposes of either party. The mere repeal
of the union statute would revive the Irish Parliament,
without the benefit of any reform schedules—it would
give two members to the ruined abbey of Tulsk— two
members to the round tower of Kilcullen—two members
to the SANDS of Bannow—and two members to the
churchyard walls of Clonmines. This would never do.
Federalists' and ' simple repealers' agree that this
would never do.
" There must, therefore, be a reconstruction of the
Irish House of Commons.
" The rouwrn principle consists in the restoration of
the Irish House of Lords, in all its integrity.
" Thus far, all parties, federalists' and ' simple re-
pealers,' are agreed.
" There is one distinction which should be clearly un•
derstood, and all confusion avoided on the subject—that

Britain the tither two-thirds.
" But as yet the federalists have not spoken out; Mr..
Grey Porter has promised his project, but the time within,
which he was to produce it has not arrived. It is to
be wished that same authentic statement should be
made on behalf of the federalists. This, at least, is cer-
tain, that any such plan will be received with deferential
respect, and canvassed by every honest repealer, with
perfect candour and earnest solicitude to arrive at a jam
and beneficial conclusion.
" For my own part, I will own, that since I have come
to contemplate the specific differences such as they are
between simple repeal' and federalism,' Ido at pre
sent feel a preference for the federative plan, as tending
more to the utility of Ireland, and to the maintenance or
the connexion with England than the mode of simple
repeal. But I must either deliberately propose or deli-
berately adopt from some other person a plan of a fede-
rative union, before I bind myself to the opinion Which
I now entertain.
"I have laid my thoughts upon this subject before the
Association at greater length than I intended ; but the
importance of the topics I-have discussed justifies the
length of my commentary.
" I invite my countrymen of every class and persuasion
to join us. I invite, in particular, all those who lean to
federalism to prolound their plane, and to discuss with
us amicably and candidly the, respective merits, of a
federative' or simple repeal ' connexion with Great
Britain.
" The federalists cannot but perceive that there has
been, upon my part, a pause in the agitation for the re-
peal since the period of our liberation from unjast impri-
sonment ; they must perseive that, on the part of the re-
pealers, every passion has been hushed, and all the
enemy of complaint suppressed, in the expectation of a
federal movement. This calm has been made in compr-
went to the friends of Ireland who have not as yet joined
the repeal standard. We anxiously await their patriotic
co-operation.
" But, should they allow the present favourable occa-
sion to escape, they may hereafter regret not having ob-
tained that influence in the repeal cause which every
body is now ready to ,eive them ; but which they may
hereafter find it exceedingly difficult, if not impossible,
to obtain.
"This, therefore, is the propitious moment, especially
for the wealthiest classes, to juin in the struggle fur Irish
independence. They can now take their natural statkn
at the head of the movement: They can now model and
regulate proceedings in which they may not, hereafter,
find an opportunity to take the part which they would
wish and be naturally entitled to.
" There are two propositions perfectly clear—
" FIRST—That matters cannot remain as they are in
Ireland, but that the repeal movement must accumulate
in power and force, in spite of every obstaale....
" SECONDLY—'that the British Minister cannot con-
duct the affairs of Ireland upon a Protestant or Orange
prine'ple.
" Violent anti-Poperyism, or violent Protestantism,
can no longer be the road to emolument and promotion.
" The Government can no longer connect itself with a
sturdy or active No-Poperyman. On the contrary, the
Government must necessarily be driven to prefer rene-
gade or courtly Catholics to over-active and over-zealous
political Protestants.
" In short, the hypocrisy of impartiality towards all
will necessarily exclude all the violent amongst the re-
tnainit, Orange party from Government favour.
" The Government, by or for a mere Protestant party,
is at an end ; there must be what may be called a
practical pretence' of liberality, which will necessarily
exclude from patronage the over-zealous or over-active
amongst the late ascendancy party.
" In the meantime, everything bids fair for the pros-
pect; of the Repeal Association. The people of Ireland
perceive that the game is nearly won, and that success,
though it may be postponed, it cannot be prevented.
The Irish people also perceive that if ALL the non-
repealers do not join us, many are daily acceding to our
ranks, and by our combining conciliation with firmness,
sincere kindliness, with unremitting determination and
activity, the repeal must be carried, and Ireland become
a nation again.
" Let us then be active, energetic, conciliatory. Let
us, if possible, combine all classes ; but let us not forget
that we have already more than moral force enough to
render a long resistance to a peaceable and legal repeal
of the union impossible. It is a mere question of time—
the repeal itself is certain. Hurrah, then, for the repeal.
I have the honour to be, your faithful servant,
" DANIEL O'CONNELL."
He (Mr. M. O'Connell) would refrain from offering any
observations on the letter he had just read, as be consi-
dered any comments on his part would be unnecessary.
The meeting was addressed by Mr. M. O'Connell,
Mr. Hutchinson, Mr. Henry Grattan, &c.
After some further business had been disposed of, Mr.
O'Connell announced the rent for the week as 4061.
17s. 4d.—The meeting then adjourned.
IRISH FAIRS—DECLINE IN PRICES.
The fall in the price of horned cattle, at the recent
fair of Ballivasloe, has had a serious effect upon prices
at the western fairs since held. At Dunmore, county
of Galway, on Thursday, there was no demand for any
description of stock, and the. few sales effected were
made at a more reduced price than at Ballinasloe. At
Ballindine, county of Mayo, on Friday last, there was
an extremely dull fair, and the farmers considered their
prospects very gloomy.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS
Cm', TUESDAY EWENINU.
TIMES.—The premium on gold at Paris is 11 per mitie,
which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 141. per
ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25
42 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at shot
being 25 52L it follows that gold is 0.39 per cent.
dearer in London titan in Paris.
By advices from llamburgh the price of gold is 435
per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 31.175. 10111.
perounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 10 ;
and the exchange at llamburgh on London at short
being 13 9:1, it follows that geld is 0.11 per cent. dearer
in Ilamburgli than in London.
The funds have been exceedingly fiat to-day, at a
decline of nearly three eighths per cent., and rumours
have been in circulation that the departure of the King
of the French is connected with matters of grave import
in his own country. This may have had some slight
effect upon prices, but the real cause of the fall appears
to have arisen from the sale of large parcels of stock on
private account, and the supply has thus been increased
to an amount greater than the jobbers desire ; hence
there are no purchasers except at lower prices. The
Government broker paid look for the savings-bank in-
vestment, and the quotations gradually gave way.
So great would be the advantages of shortening the
transit from Cairo to Suez, and thus facilitating our
overland communication with India, that every project
to that end brought forward with any degree of plausi-
bility may be noticed with advantage. The present
transit occupies about 24 hours—the whole distance of
84 miles is an open desert, and every article of food, in-
cluding water, has to be brought from Cairo. Of the
whole journey to India this passage across the desert is
considered the worst part, and were it only for the com-
fort of the numerous British subjects who are forced to
perform the journey, any attempt at improvement would
be unworthy attention. But the advantage of shorten-
ing the transit does not stop with travellers to India, but
concerns the whole mercantile community, as many op-
portunities of answering letters have been lost precisely
on account of the time occupied in the journey from
Suez. The mail from India, via. Marseilles, arrived last
year on eight occasions too late to admit of the letters
being answered, and this loss of time, the advocates of a
railway contend, might have been avoided had this mode
of conveyance been adopted.
The chief notion of a railway was entertained by the
Pacha of Egypt as far back as 1834, and the later Gall-
oway Bey was Instructed to make the necessary surveys.
Since then the project has been in abeyance ; but Mr. J.
A. Galloway, brother of the Bey, and resident in Alex-
andria, has recently published a pamphlet in which he sets
forth the advantages of the railway, and ascribes the
obstacles thrown in the way of its completion to foreign
intrigue. Some of this pamphlet is taken up with the
examination of two rival schemes for effecting the
passage by canal eommunication. One of these places is
a ship canal from the Red Bea to the Mediterranean, and
the other (the Boulac Canal) one from the Nile to Suez.
Bstli of them are considered by Mr. Galloway as under-
takings too gigantic for the present state of Egypt ; and
he comes to the result that the railroad alone will he
practicable, and that the British Government should at
once urge its completion, taking advantage of the known
predilection of Mehemet Ali fOr the scheme, and the fact
that ;he is already at an advanced age. It is suggested
that the most effectual mode of carrying the poine,would
be to make the acceleration of the mails and passengers
a condition for increased remuneration in the Post-office
convention.
This recommendation of the railway scheme is from a
source confessedly partial; bat, nevertheless, the subject
is so important that it is to be hoped that it will be
weighed on its own merits, and that the influence of
foreign Powers may not, as has been hinted, prevent it
from receiving due consideration.
SUN.—Consols close better, 99y to 1001 ; but the
Bears, profiting by rumours of important dispatches re-
ceived by Louis Philippe from Spam, have made a bit of
a stir in the market to-day. New Three-and-a-Quarter
per Cents. were 1021 to 102. Bank Stock was 205 to ?f•
Spanish was at about previous rates, 23k 1, and P,utch
4-1
Colombian were at 141. Russian obtained 1191. Dutch
1.
Two-and-a-Half per Cents. were marked 621,•
were 14i' ; Great
been these :—Bristol and Gioncester
The additional transactions in Railway
I Lances ter4and Car-
Western, 69s ; Ditto,Shares have
eS 1; Manchester"
and Birmingham, 11 ;
33h• ; Croydon. -4
lisle, 31 ; Birmingham,
jlltaf; 338 toSo'uth Western, 324 to
er Shares, af to 41- ; Ports-
mouth Direct, ;
to Eastern,
;_Orleans,Q
Quarter
Tours, and Bordeaux,
Central,t
.of France, 2 ; Boulogne
aNnodrtAheffirtileann,,d
,1- ; Paris and Rouen, 19- ,
and l'ar:s an. •
9z, to ; Paris and Orleans, 2
6 • Strasbiirgle l 9
premium. Caledonian have
been 4
Brighton to 11, and 9l discount.
rTlie foreign exchanges %Nem steady this afternoon on
the principal continental cities. Trieste was barely so
good, but Paris and Antwerp were firmer.
The following is the official return of the exports of
bullion from the port of London for the week ending
Thursday last:—
Silver Coin to Rotterdam BO,OOO oz.
account
Silver B srss tio.rolml a tAn Immerre.i
Il
ea are more satisfactory.
TheSi
Good remittances have been made, with fresh orders for
the spring trade.

is, a distinction between the MODE of reconstruction of
the Irish Parliament, and the POWERS which shall be
vested in that Parliament when reconstructed—
" First, reconstruct your Parliament; and, secondly,
decide what powers that Parliament shall have when re-
constructed.
" Upon the mode of reconstruction of the House of
Commons, the ' federalists' and simple repealers'
might and ought to agree. It is true that the fede-
ralists' have not as yet any official organ, and, therefore,
there is no statement of their views as to that reconstruc-
tion. It is also true that Mr. Grey Porter has, on this
subject, thrown out objections to popular plans for re-
constructing the Irish House of Commons ; and these
objections, coming from him, deserve the greatest weight,
and merit the fullest and most deliberate consideration.
He himself appears to be of that temper of mind, that he
will patiently consider the arguments that may be used
to solve his objections ; and whatever the result may be,
the discussion of these objections shall be conducted in
the most amicable way and in the best tamper.
" The simple repealers,' on the other hand, have long
s'nce laid their project before the public. They propose
that the number of members should continue the same

as the former number in the Irish House of Commons—
namely, 300.
" They propose that the representation should be
based upon the numbers of the population—that being
the basis adopted for the English counties by the Eng-
lish Reform Bill. Let this be kept in mind ; popula-
tion, exclusively, was the basis of the augmentation of
the representatives of the English counties by the Eng-
lish Reform Bill.
" Taking up this English basis, the ' simple re-
peaters' submit that there ought to be in Ireland 173
county members—of these Antrim would have G, Ar-
magh 5, Fermanagh 5, Londonderry 5, Tyr,ne 6,
Down 7, Monaghan 5, Cavan 5, Donegal 6—Total for
Ulster, 50. I mention these particulars regarding Ulster
to show, that in our proposal complete justice is done to
the Protestant province of Ulster, upon the same scale
precisely with the other provinces.
" There being thus 173 members alloted to the coun-
ties, there remains for the towns and cities 127—0 f
which, for example, four are allotted to Belfast, four to
Limerick, and two to the Dublin University.
" The schedule to the report presented to the Repeal
Association, on the 4th of May, 1840, will give full
details to anybody who takes the trouble of examining
our suggestions for the reconstruction of the Irish House
of Commons.
" The Repeal Association has also sug'ested, that the
franchise should be based on household suffrage, and
that the mode of voting should be by ballot. But these
are particulars perfectly open to discussion between the
' simple repeaters' and the ' federalists.'
" As to the vote by ballot, however, I, for the pre-
sent, shall offer but one observation, and that is, that
whatever objections may be started to this mode of
voting, it is in its nature a peaceable mode of giving
the vote, and one that excludes the possibility of violence
or rioting.
" It is now for the ' federalists' to suggest their plan
of reconstruction of the Irish House of Commons. It is
not unlikely that the 'federalists' and 'simple re-
peaters' might agree amicably upon the mode of recon-
struction ; at all events, the discussion upon these points
can be, and I doubt not will be, conducted in a fair, im-
partial, and amicable manner, and its the absence of heat
or violence ; discussion, instead of being shunned by the
'simple repeaters,' is anxiously invited by them ; they do
not desire to dictate to anybody.
" The Irish House of Commons being legally con-
structed, a question of great importance arises, the real
question between the 'federalists' and the ' simple re-
peaters.' That question is—What shall be the extent of
the powers of the Irish Parliament ?
" Both parties aro agreed, that these powers should be
sufficiently extensive to enable the Irish Parliament to
protect the lives, liberties, and properties of the Irish
people. That it should have power to enact all laws to
be of force in Ireland—in short, that it should be an
efficient Parliament for all legislative, financial, and judi-
cial purposes within her Majesty's realm of Ireland.
"The simple repealers are of opinion that the recon-
structed Irish Parliament should have precisely the same
power and authority which the former Irish Parliament
had.
" The ' federalists,' on the contrary, appear to me to
require more for Ireland than the simple repcalers do ;
for besides the local Parliament in Ireland having full
and perfect local authority, the federalists require that
there should be for questions of imperial concern, solo-
; nial, military, naval, and of foreign alliance and policy, a
congressional or federative parliament, in which Ireland
should have her fair share and proportion of representa-
tion and power.
" It is but right and just to confess, that in this re-
spect the federalists would give Ireland more • h
any importance in imperial concerns than she couldweig t
puire by means of the plan of the simple repeater;.
ac.
" If there were such a congressional parliament as the
federalists propose,
one. third, or thereabouts, of the

DESPERATE ATTEMPT AT StnciDE.—UpperGower-
str _et, Bedford•square, was thrown into a state of great
excitement yesterday, it being discovered that a person,
who has been for years employed as a charwoman in
the establishment of W. Northage, Esq., No. 10 in the
above street, having, in a fit of supposed insanity, stabbed
, herself under the left breast with a large carving-knife.
A surgeon being immediately sent for, dressed the
wound, and she was removed to the North London Hos-
pital, with but slight hopes of reeQYeq.