The Sun.
London, England, 1844-01-20 00:00:00

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning, Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

IENERAL S rEAM CARRIAGE COM-
PANY, for the CONVEYANCE of PASSENGERS
and GOODS •n TURNPIKE-ROADS and WOODEN
PAVEMENT.

Capital 400,000/., in 20,000 Shares of 201. each, with a deposit

of 5/. each on allotment.
maEcTo as.

Henry Westear, Esq., Burwood, Esher, Surrey.
Alexander Macdonald, Esq., St. Mildred's-court, Poultry.
Edwin Leaf, Esq., Wood-street, Cheapside.
Thomas Beale, Esq., 53, Upper Norton-street.
Henry Webber, Esq., 55, Brook-street, Grosvenor-square.
Henry Howlett, Esq., IS, Cambridge-terrace, Hyde Park.
William Barnes, Esq., Church-court, Old Jewry.
BANKERS—Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smiths.
SOLICITORS—Messrs. Risley and Chappell, Quality-court,
Chancery-lane.
SxeaETA ay—Joseph Smith Needham.
OFFICES-36, Old Jewry.
This Company has been formed for the purpose of bringing
into general use a newly-invented steam carriage, which the
Directors can state with the greatest confidence is in every
respect applicable for the conveyance of passengers and goods
on turnpike roads and wooden pavement.
An experimental carriage has already run several thousand
miles on the common turnpike roads, under the inspection of
eminent engineers, ascending and descending the steepest hills,
and passing over newly laid gravel and bad roads with facility
and safety, at an average speed of upwards of 15 miles per
hour. It is entirely free from smoke, noise, or escape of
steam, and does not in the slightest degree interfere with the
ordinary traffic by frightening horses or otherwise.
The great improvements in the construction and arrange-
m-nt of the machinery have so reduced the bulk and weight
of the carriage, and diminished the wear and tear, as to insure
the success of the undertaking in kernamereial point of view.
The prominent advantages which this system of conveyance
possesses over any other, consist in safety, economy, con-
venience, and expedition ; and its general adoption will have
the effect of preserving the property connected with turnpike
trusts as well as that of carriers and innkeepers.
The introduction of wood-pavement has opened another ex-
tensive source of profit from the present undertaking, as on
wooden roads, the steam-carriage can maintain with ease an
average speed of thirty miles an hour.
Notices have already been given of an application to Parlia-
ment in the ensuing session, for an Act to regulate the affairs
of the Company, and to limit the liabilities of the Shareholders
to the amount of their shares.

Ap,lications for Shares to be made at the Company's
Offices, 36, Old Jewry, where the opinions of various civil
engineers may be seen, and other information aflorded.

1;7.M. 01. I. PO T LYECHNIC INSTITL TION
bt
• an increase of POWERFUL and BRILLIANT
EFFECTS in ELECTRIC! TY are exhibited by ARM-
STRONG'S HYDROELECTRIC MACHINE. A new
field is opened for investigating, on a magnified scale, a
variety of objects in ART, SCIENCE, and NATURAL
HISTORY, by means of LONGIIOTTOAI'S OPAQUE
MICROcCOPE. showing also an extraordinary OPTICAL
ILLUSION. New DISSOLVING VIEWS. A List of
the POPULAR LECTURES which will be delivered during
the Week is suspended in the Hall of Manufactures. Hollo-
way's original CRAYON DRAWINGS from RAPHAEL'S
CARTOONS, numerous MODELS in MOTION, DIVER
and DIVING BELL. Conductor of the Band, T. Wallis,
:plus. Doc.
Admission, One Shilling. Schools, Half-price.

C ftl MERCE
.I_l_ A- ND GENERAL SUBSCRIPTION ROOMS,
LONDON.
BOA RD OF SUPERINTENDENCE.
Sir GEORGE. LARPENT, Bart., Chairman.
JOHN CATTLEY, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
William Burnie, Esq. James Patttson, ffsq.
James Cook, Esq. Sir John Pirie, Bart.
Robert Cottesworth, Esq. John D. Pewles, Esq.
Matthew Forster, Esq., M.P. Henry James Prescott, Esq.
Abel Lewes Gower, Esq. Baron L. de Rothschild.
Samuel Gurney, Esq. David Salomons, Esq.
Thomson Hankey, jun., Esq. John James Siordet, Esq.
Kirkman D. Hodgson, Esq. Martin Tucker Smith, Esq.
John Irving, Esq., M.P. Wm. Thompson, Esq., M.P.
Henry Kingscote, Esq. Thomas Weeding, Esq.
James Matheson, Esq., M.P. Geo. Frederick Young, Esq.
The HALL of COMMERCE has been erected to provide
a central point of meeting in the Commercial World for the
Merchants, Bankers, Ship-owners, Manufacturers of the
It-died Kingdom, Captains of vessels, Foreigners engaged in
commercial or other pursuits, and the Public in general.
The READING-ROOM adjoining is provided with all the
.eading Foreign and British newspapers, and general commer-
cial intelligence from all parts of the world, maps, charts, itine-
aries, directories, steam-boat and railroad information, list of
ships sailing to all parts of the world, prices current, documents
znd books of reference on commercial subjects.
There are also Rooms fur PIUVATE BUSINESS and
FIRE-PROOF VAULTS and SAFES for the deposit of
valuables.

In addition to the above conveniences, the Subscribers will
have the use of an EXCELLENT LIBRARY on COMMER-
L'l AL SUBJECTS.

The Establishment will be conducted by the Proprietor, un-
der the superintendence of a Board of Subscribers.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION PER ANNUM.

Persons residing in London, or within 12 miles... IL 11s. 6d.
Persons residing at a greater distance

London, September I, I 543.
The BOARD of SUPERINTENDENCE of the " HALL
of COMMERCE" take leave to draw your attention to this
Institution.

It has been built and established at a very great cost, by a
•iugle individual, for the convenience of the Commercial Com-
munity of the City of Loudon, with a degree of public spirit
tvorthy the metropolis of the world.
The subscription is now placed on so moderate a scale as to
le no object of consideration, in proportion to the conveniences
~ffered, which are set forth in the above Prospectus ; and the
Hoard are of opinion, that without interfering with any of the
-xisting establishments appropriated to specific branches of
rade, these conveniences may be found available by a very large
body of persons in the City of London—by parties visiting
London occasionally on mercantile affairs—and by gentlemen
from the Continent and other foreign ports.
GEORGE LARPENT, Chairman.

JOHN CATTLEY, Deputy Chairman.
N.B. A Coffee-room is now open for the accommodation of
e Fubieriber s.

N;SSA Ci STATE LOAN of '2.600 000 Florins.
la be re-imbursed w ith Dividends of 50,000f15., 40,000f15.,
30,000f15., 2..5,000f1s &e.
Grand Public Distribution on Ist FEBRUARY NEXT, at
WIESBADEN. Official bulletins thereof immediately for-
warded to every Shareholder abroad.
Price of the Shares, 10s. ; Eleven for 5/. ; TweNty-three
for 10/. ; and Forty-eight for 20/. sterling, payable by Pest-
office orders or remittances.

Apply ;or full particulars, without delay, to A. JACOBS
and CO., bankers, Frankfort-on-Maine.
To save pesmges, all letters addressed to Messrs. Jacobs and
Co., 34, Wellclose-square, London, will be promptly for-
warded.

NATIONAL LO_XN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,

TOIL GRANTING
LIFE ASSURANCES DEFERRED ANNUITIES, &c.
No. 2b, CORNHILL.
Capital £5O`J,OOO.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament.
DIRECTORS.
T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq., Chairman.
IJ. Elliot on, M.D., F. RS. George Lungley, Esq.
John Griffith Frith, Esq. John Rawson, Esq.
Hunter Gordon, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq.
Clement abor, Esq.

A UDITO/tS.

Professor Wheatstone, F. R.S.—Professor Graves, A.M.F.R. S.
AuTuany—W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq., F. R. A. S.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.

The Bonus just declared at Vie Meeting of Proprietors
varies from 97 to 36 per cent. {.l. Premiums paid, 17} per
cent. in present Cash, or 10 per milt. permanent reduction of
future Premiums.

ECONOMIC LIFE ASSURANCE
SOCIETY.
34, BRIDGE-STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON.

Established 1823.

Empowered b) Act of Parliament, 3 William IV.
LOWER RATES of PREMIUM than those of any other
Office that entitle the Assured to participate in the Profits.
The Bonus declared in 1834 amounted upon an average to
£l6 per cent. on the premiums then paid; and in 1839 a se-
cond Bonus was declared,amounting on the average to £3l per
cent. on the premiums paid during the preceding five years.
Prospectuses, and other Particulars, may be obtained at the
Office between the hours of Ten and Four, or will be forwarded
to persons resident in the country on application.
CAMPBELL JAMES DOWNER, Secretary.

SIGHT AND HEARING.
NEWLY INVENTED SPECTACLES, TE-
LESCOPES, OPERA-GLASSES, MICROSCOPES,
ACOUSTIC INSTRUMENTS, for RELIEF of DEAFNESS, itc.
Patronised by his Majesty the King of Hanover, her Royal
Highness the Princess Sophia, her Serene Highness the Princess
Esterhazy, the Princesses Mary and Rosa, her Grace the Dowager
Duchess of Bedford, and their Graces the Archbishop of Canter.
bury, the Dukes of Devonshire, Norfolk, Argyll, Marlborough, and
Manchester. Marquises of Londonderry and Thomond. Earls of
Albemarle, Eagletown, Shafteshury, Tankerville, Fowls, Bradford,
Wicklow, Verulam, Harrowby, Buckingham, Meath, Somers, Ox-
ford, Lisburne, and Ferret's. Bishops of Exeter, Blandford, Lin-
coln, Cork, Elphin, and Kildare. Generals Sir Edward Paget, Sir
Evan Lloyd, Frederic Maister, Clayton, Galway, Grosvenor, Mor-
rison, Dyott, Robertson, and Mackenzie. Major-Generals Sir H.
Elphinstone, P. Fyers, D. M`Leod, Hamilton, and Wemyss. Lieut.-
Generals Sir Henry Bouverie, Sir J. Macdonald, Sir R. Barton,
Sir T. Dallas, Lord John Hay, Admirals Sir George Cockburn,
Sir George Munday, Sir G. Martin, Sir James H. Whltshed, Sir
D. Gold, and ?toss.
Messrs. S. and C. SOI.OMONS, Opticians and Aurists, 39,
Albemarle.street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel, have in.
vented Spectacle Lenses, kc., of the greatest transparent power—
immediately these newly invented Spectacles Lenses are placed
before extremely imperfect vision, either by day or candle-light,
that mist and dullness which appear before the eyes are at once
removed, every object becomes clear and distinct, vision becomes
preserved and strengthened, and very aged people are enabled to
employ their sight at the most minutt occupation, and can see with
those Lenses of a much less magnifying power, norl will they re-
quire the frequent changes to further helps, as the Spectacles now
in common use, so that the most aged imperfect sight becomes
bright and brilliant, and is brought to its youthful, natural, and
original state; thoseobjects being accomplished is a matter of much
deeper consequence than can be imagined.
All kinds of newly invented INVISIBLE ACOUSTIC IN.
STRUmENTs, which enable individuals at an advanced age, and of
forty and fifty years' standing of extreme deafness, instantly to join
in general conversation, and to catch the sound of a distant low
speaker at church, theatre, Ac. It pours the conversation into the
ears to such an extent that in most severe cases deafness cannot be
observed.

vv
Also the most powerful newly invented ACHROMATIC
OPERA-GLASSES, which are invaluable on the race-course, as
well as at the theatre, &c. The Telescopes for the waistcoat
pocket possess extraordinary great powers for shooting and sea
purposes, and with stands for astronomical observations, with the
celebrated Lenses of the most clear transparent brilliancy. The
powers are so great over all others, and the Lenses so bright and
brilliant, that the most minute objects, at an extraordinary dig.
tance, are brought completely under the eyes. Sportsmen,
tourists, and sea.side visitors will indeed here have a great treat.
Single and Compound MICROSCOPES, by which the circulation
of the blood of a Fly and a ilea call be seem flowing in great
streams.

CAUTION.—Messrs. S. and B. Solemons have No Connexion with
a Person of the same Name in their immediate Neighbourhood,
nor with Persona in any part of the country, except as under. To
prevent mistakes, be Cautious, And Observe, only to be had at 39,
Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, opposit" the York Hotel, and of one
of the Firm, 3, Chapel-rew Queen.square, Bath.

URINARY OBSTRUCTIONS.
Just published, the Second Edition, price 7s. 6d., Bvo. in cloth,
ON the PATHOLOGY and CURE of STRIC-
TURES of the URETHRA ; illustrating the Origin,
Progress, and History of this Disease in all its phases, and the
MODE of TREATMENT succe,sfully adopted in numerous
cases ; embracing every variety of Morbid Contraction to
which the Urethra is liable, and forming a complete Practical
Manual and Guide to the appropriate Treatment and Curs of
every species of Urethral Stricture. The «hole followed by
some observations en the Chronic Enlargement of the Pros-
trate Gland in old Men, and its Treatment.
By F. B. COURTENAY, Member of the Royal College of
Surgeons in London.
Published and sold by H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street,
London ; M'Lachlan, Stewart, and Co., Edinburgh ; W.
Strong, Bristol ; Hodges and Smith, and Fannin and Co.,
Dublin ; Simms and Denham, Manchester ; W. Grasset, Li-
verpool; and sold by all Booksellers.

DR. CULVER VV ELL'S LECTURE TO YOUNG MEN.
" How best the fickle fabric to support
Of mortal man ; in healthful body how
A healthful mind the longest to maintain."

Elegant Pocket Edition, with Engravings, price Is. ; by post, Is. 6d.,
N NERVOUS and DELICATE HEALTH
of YOUNG PERSONS; or Seeming " Old Age in Youth-
ful Bodies." Half an hour's closet reading explanatory of the defi.
ciency of those attributes and sensibilities,and that vigour of frame
and nerve which characterise and dignify the healthy and well.
organised individual, and of the cause of those nervous and dyspep.
tic symptoms so often observed in early life, and which unfit Use
possessor for the ordinary duties of society.
By It. J. CULVERWELL, M.D.,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeoni, Scc.
The above little address has the following recommendations :
The author is a legitimate practitioner of twenty years' standing
in his profession, and writes not from books, but from observation.
His pages are wholly free from the spirit of cant or empiricism,
and arc addressed to the intelligence of the times. Among
other topics will be found a Review of the Physiology of
Life in its Progress from the Youth to the Man, and the
Diseases mostly incident to and acquired during that period; also
the great end and aim of life—namely, " Marriage ;" its intent,
obligations, and physical and constitutional disqualifications, medl.
cally considered. _

To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Cavalho, 147,
Fleet-street; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ;
and the Author, 21, Arundel.street, Strand, who may be advised
with personally or by letter.
At home daily till two; evenings; from seven till nine.

Just published, in a sealed envelope, price 2s. tid. • and sent free, on
receiving a Post-office order for Three ihillings,
GI Y N 0 M I A;
A Popular Treatise on a most important section of Medical
Ethics in Relation to WOMAN ; in which peculiar circumstances
and sympathies are considered; together with the causes •f DE.
FERRED MA I ERNITY. Illustrated by Cases. liy GOSS and
COMPANY, Surgeons, 7, Lancaster-place, near Waterloo-bridge,
Strand, London.
" Quo fugit Venus P lieu! quove color decena ?'
Hor. Lib. iv. Od. 12.

Whether flies Love? Ah l where the charming bloom ?
" The public opinion is now gradually estaulishing the grand
mrtxim in human education, that it is as much the duty of the guar-
dians of the youthful female to attend to the vigour of her frame, as
to the delicacy of her mind and morals.
" Neglect of this injunction will be seriously felt in progressive
life. when important changes are advancing, new determinations
evolving, and those actions becoming visible, so necessary le the
ra oral health of future genet ations."
TESTIMON I ALS.

“ This work can be slfilireToninC&le7l, as well for the moral
trot s contained as for the extensive and successful result of the
author's experience.”—London Morning Journal.
4. We agree with the Editor of the . London Morning Journal,'
and reoommeud Mr. Goss's publication for general perusal."—
Edinburgh Weekly Paper.
" The precepts contained in this work are interesting and useful."
—Edinburgh Paper.
" his work is properly called an analysis of certain complaints ;
it is wiitten in a very peculiar style of moral admonition."—Dublin
Morning Journal.
Utility is combined with simplicity, and we recommend the work
accordingly " Dublin Weekly Journal.
ORGANIC HEALTH; a Familiar Treatise on Nervous Diseases
arising from the decline of MANLY STRENGTH. Price a. Cd. in
a sealed envelope, sent post free for 3s.
Theabove may be had of Sherwood and Co., 23, Paternoster-row;
Porter, 7•2, Grafton-street, Dublin ; and of all Booksellers.—Priee
Ski, each, in a sealed envelope.
Messrs. GOSS and CO. may be consulted, every day, at their
house; and patients in the remotest parts of he country can be
treated successfully, on their describing minutely the case—and if
inclosing a fee of LI for advice, an answer will be immediately
sent. Medicines can be forwarded to any part of the world! No
difficulty can occur, as the Medicines will be securely packed and
carefully protected from observation.
7, Lancaster-place, Strand, near Waterloo.bridge, London.
•, • These works wil the ibrwarcied by poet on reeciving a Pitt
office! order for Duet Shillings.

PUBLICATIONS.

TILE EMANCIPATION OF INDUSTRY.
This Day are Published,
TRACTS ON U_IIE EMANCIPATION OF
IN Dt.STR y.
NO. 1.-1. PROPOSITIONS7EONCERNING the CAUSE and
REMEDY of the PRESENT DISTRESS.-2. PRINCIPLES
of a SOCIETY for the EMANCIPATION of INDUSTRY.-
3. REMARKS on Sir ROBERT PEEL'S LETTER to the
CHAMBER of COMMERCE, BIRMINGHAM. Price One
Penny, or ss. per 100. ' -
NO. 11.—The CASE of the INDUSTRIOUS CLASSES BRIEFLY
STATED. Price One Penny, or ss. per 100.
NOS. 111. and IV.—NOT OVER-PRODUCTION, but IMPER-
FECT DISTRIBUTION, the CAUSE of the DISTRESS.
No. 111., Price One Penny, or ss. per 110; No. IV., Price Two.
pence, or 10d. per 100.
" Something is wrong in the channel of distribution."—Morn-
ing Post. Also,
THE MINISTER MISTAKEN ; or, THE
QUESTION of DEPRECIATION ERRONEOUSLY
STATED by Mr. HUSKISSON. Price One Shilling.
" Our forefathers, who sought comfort in proverbs, used to say,
when the people's tale of bricksi s doubled, Moses is at hand."—
Niebuhr.
THE MONETARY POLICY of ENGLAND
and AMERICA. Price One Shilling.
" It is necessary your gold should be coined, and have the King's
stamp upon i ,to secure men In receiving it, that there is so much
gold in each piece. But it is not necessary that it should have a
fixed value set on it by public authority."—Locke.
THE NATION in a DILEMMA ; or WHICH
SHALL WE ALTER ? TIIE CURRENCY OR THE
MODE OF T iXATION ? By the Author of " The Currency
Question in a Nutshell." Price Fourpence.
NO TRUST NO TRADE.—THE CAUSE of
NATIONAL DISTRESS POINTED OUT, and a
PROMPT and EFFECTUAL REMEDY SUGGESTED. Price
Twopence.
CU RR E NCY EXPLAINED
in Refutation of the Last Fallacy of the " Times," Nov
8, 1843. By VERUS. Price One Shilling.
London : Samuel Clarke, 13, Pall-Mall East, and to be had (by
order) of any Bookseller in town or country.

Now ready, price One Shilling,
THE EXTRAORDINARY ADVANTAGES
to be DERIVED from the USE of PURE
VINEGAR.

London : C. Mitchell, Red Lion-court, Fleet-street, who
will send the work (post free) to any address on receipt of
Is. 4d., or postage stamps of equal value.

THE STATE TRIALS.

LIE WESTMINSTER REVIEW, No.
LX XIX. (just published), contains an important
article on the STATE TRIALS of 1794, comparing the pro-
ceedings of the Prosecution in the Case of Hardy, Tooke, and
Thelwall, with the parallel course adopted by the present Go-
vernment against O'Connell and others in Ireland.
Samuel Clarke, 13, Pall-mall East.

In Weekly Numbers, price Three Halfpence, and Monthly
Parts, price Sevenpence,
CHAMBERS' EDINBURGHJOURNAL.
A New Series, in an improved form, offering an oppor-
tunity for commencing the Work without the necessity of pur-
chasing the previous Volumes.
*** A Stamped Edition, price Twopence-Halfpenny, or
sent weekly on payment of a quarter in advance.
Win. S. Orr and Co., London. Orders received by all Book-
sellers and .Newsvenders.

REMOVED FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LONDON.
Just published, price 2s. 6d., and free by post (in a sealed en-
velope), 3s. 6d.,
THE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical Work on
Physical Decay, its causes, and the baneful effects of
excessive indulgence and infection, illustrated by engravings,
with observations on Marriage, and directions for the removal
of certain disqualifications. By R. and L. PERRY and Co.
Published by the Authors, and sold by Strange, 21, Paternos-
ter-row ; Field, 65, Quadrant, Regent-street; rurkis, Compton-
street, Soho; Jackson and Co., 130, New Bond-street: Phil-
lips, 264, Oxford-street ; J. Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street,
London • Guest, 51, Bull-street, Birmingham ; and by all
Booksellers In Town and Country. n
The CORDIAL BALM of SY RIACUM is exclusively di-
rected for the cure of nervous and muscular debility, impuis-
sance, &c. ice 1 Is. and 33,. per bottle. Sold by all Me-
dicine Venders, of whom may be had the " Silent Friend."
The Five Found Cases may be had as usual.
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS are the most
eseffxeecstu,
palrieceur2es.:o9rd.s,y4psh.il6isd.,arandd 1
i
secs. perondary symptoms in both
box.
Consultation fee, if by letter, 1/. A minute detail of cases
is necessary. Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance, for Con-
sultation, at their residence, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street,
London ,from Eleven till Eight, and on Sundays from Ten till
One One personal visit only is necesswv to effect a perma-
nent cure.

anoci Gl Gravesend
ibsieognato denyl RHAAVM RAVE SEND,
RAILWAY.—The
11v)
yR.O—CTIhIsE
CorporationSTEß ,
having stated by public Advertisement that, the TITLE given
tthoatthaisssuerntdieornt.akiTnghsisperaolscpuelcatteusdi:soultedllbSyL4Ap.)r,ovl
Com-
mittee clearly defines the Course and Terminus of the Road at
Rosherville, which Terminus was selected, after rauch conside-
ration, as cheapest and best for the public, because passengers
landing at Rosherville would be half-way to Chatham, before
passengers by the same boat could get landed at the Terrace
Pier on a flood tide.
N.B. The anonymous Advertisement which first appeared
in the Morning Papers of the 111 h inst., purporting to be an ac-
count of proceedings before the Mayor of Gravesend, has on
application to the Mayor and Town Clerk, by the Provisional
Committee, been disavowed by them.
W. WATSON, Secretary.
23, Threadneedle-street, City, Jan. 19,1844.

. _
THE CAM EDEN LECTURESIIIP.—A General Court
of the Worshipful Company of Mercers was held on Friday,
for the purpose of filling up the vacancy_ occasioned by the
death of the Rev. M. J. Naylor, D.D., Lecturer at the parish
church of All Saints, Wakefield, Yorkshire. The only can-
didates who appeared in person before the Court were the Rev.
Dr. Carter, Incumbent of Saxton and Head Master of Wake-
field Free Grammar School, and the Rev. Dr. Senior, Head
Master or the Free Grammar School, Batley, when Dr. Senior
was declared duly elected to the above responsible charge,
founded by Elizabeth Viicinnte!s Cimptlegi in th• year 102.

which the indictment charges O'Connell and his co-defendants.
The Attorney-General, in his opening speech, laid great stress
on those parts of the speeches delivered by O'Connell which
asserted that the Act of Union was not binding on the Irish peo-
ple. Divested of the rodomontade which seems to be generally
regarded in the sister country as genuine eloquence, the mean-
ing of those passages must be taken as intimating that
the conditions en which the Act of Union was proposed,
have not been fulfilled on the part of England. The impres-
sion which prevails in Ireland is, that the distress of the popu-
lation of that country has largely increased since, the union
of the two kingdoms ; and that, in its results, it
has not wrought any of those benefits which it
was expected to produce. The Repeal leaders have,
it is true, asserted that the Union has palsied, instead
of invigorated, the energies of Ireland ; that it has ex-
cluded, instead of admitting, the talents of the country from
the national councils—that it has deprived her of the benefits
which she hoped to derive from the exertions of her own chil-
dren, born, bred, and educated within her bosom ; that, in
line, it has not allowed her to judge for herself on matters re-
lating to the management solely of her own interests ; and that
a surrender of her legislative independence, without compen-
sation or equivalent, is the character and consequence of the
Union. But these things were said and published long before
the Repeal Association was in existence. The question is not
as to the validity of these views : it relates solely to their ex-
istence, and to the periods of their birth. At the time when
they were first promulged, it was contended that the Union
ought not to be condemned before it had obtained a fair
trial. Catholic Emancipation was part and parcel of Mr.
Pitt's plan of uniting the two kingdoms. .Nearly thirty
years elapsed before that measure was conceded; and
then it was wrung from the fears of a Government, the leading
members of which yielded to the arrayed determination of a
people to obtain, by force of compulsion, what ought long be-
fore to have been conferred from a sense of justice. Shortly
after that great measure was passed the Whigs came into office,
and administered the Government in the spirit of the enact-
ment. The people received the altered disposition of the
Government Lois and the long-proscribed race as a pledge and
earnest of a new dispensation. The country became peace-
able. The long-existing indications of a disaffected popu-
lation disappeared Ancient feuds between the profes-
sors of the rival creeds became less frequent, and
less virulent. A new order of feelings began to
pervade the social system. This gratifying change
continued to grow in extent and depth, until it be-
came evident that the hold of the Whig Ministers
upon the Government waxed feeble, and that the period
of their government was fast drawing to a close. The
apprehensions
of the Catholics, that with the return to office
of the party which had long proscribed them as unfit to possess
the rights of citizens, their practical exclusion from those rights
would;again commence, began to operate. The raised hopes of the
Ultra-Protestants found utterance in boasting of what would be
the effects of a Tory Government. The first acts of the pre-
sent administration were but little calculated to remove
or lessen the Catholic dislike to its rule. The Re-
peal movement was the result. With giant strides it pursued
its march. Three provinces became embued with its spirit,
and thousands of the population enlisted in its cause. The
policy of the Government was the very opposite of that which
would have disarmed the hostility cherished by the Repealers.
Conciliation would have melted the masses into grateful
submission. A very small instalment of gentleness would
have sufficed ; but that small effort to propitiate a
jealous population was denied. The country is a gar-
rison—its shores encircled by a fleet, as though a
blockade was to be maintained, strict as if an invasion were
dreaded by its inhabitants. The people are quiet ; but that
very quietness is interpreted into an indication of gloomy resolve.
A State trial, which promises to be extended to weeks, has
been determined on, by way of intimidating the people ; yet—
such has been the ill-advised course of the prosecutors, that
even a verdict against the defendants will be deprived of all
moral influence on the nation. Such is the state—such the
spirit of the country.
STANDARD.—We have no intention to deviate from the
rule invariably observed in the Standard on similar occasions
of refraining from any comment on the evidence adduced on
Thursday last, on the State prosecutions in Ireland. The
first witness examined was Mr. Frederick Bond Hughes,
who was upwards of six hours in the box, and
who deposed to what took place at the various
meetings and dinners he attended from the Ist of
October last, beginning with that of Mullaghmast. His
evidence contained little with which the readers of news-
papers are not already familiar. He obtained his admission
to the Mullaghmast meeting by means of a card, which he re-
ceived from Mr. Ray, avowedly in his capacity of reporter
for the Government. He was unable, however, to ex-
tract from Mr. Ray the resolutions agreed to at
Alullaglamast, although Mr. O'Connell had promised
that he should be furnished with them ; but he was
informed by that person that they had been correctly reported
in the newspapers. The witness was rigorously cross-
examined by one of the counsel for the traversers, Mr. Hat-
(hell, who deemed it necessary to announce that he cross-
examined on behalf of only one of these parties. Some notion
may be formed of the gratuitous insolence and irrelevance of
portions of this cross-examination from the following sample :
" Mr. Hatchell—As a man of the world, do you not think
there is very little high treason in a cap ?—1 formed no opinion
on the matter. It was stated that the crown was made at
White's, in Thomas-street ?—lt was.

" Then any person going to White's could get a crown to fit
his head, or a cap to fit his crown ? Did you become Irish enough
during your stay in this country to buy anything of Irish manu-
facture yourself ?—I did.
" Perhaps you bought a tabinet for the lady ?—I did indeed.
—( Laughter. )
" Then one great advantage that the agitation has pro-
duced is, that it brought you over here to encourage Irish
manufacture. I; suppose if you were disengaged, you would
have no objection to take a lady for the tabinet ?—Perhaps 1
should. _ - -

" Counsel—All I can say is, that the lady would have the
worst of it."

We say nothing of the gross insult to the Court in thus ex-
hausting its time on so important an occasion by coarse imper-
tinence like this, but we may express our belief that it the lati-
tude be allowed to the other counsel to the traversers which
seems to have been accorded to Mr. Hatchell,there is no saying
to what remote date these trials may be protracted. To the wit-
nesses subjected to such gratuitous insult, it must be con-
solatory to know that, did their evidence present any dis-
crepancy which could possibly be converted to their pre-
judice, the Counsel for the traversers would hardly
find it necessary to resort to such modes of annoy-
ance. Mr. Leatham, the assistant of Mr. Hughes, was
next examined, but did little more than corroborate the
evidence of his principal. Mr. Ross, a gentleman long con-
nected with the London press, said that he went to Ireland at
the suggestion of the Government, and attended the Repeal
meeting at Donnybrook, on the Ist of July. He re-
visited London shortly afterwards, but returned to
Ireland in August; when lie attended several
meetings of the Repeal Association. The Court adjourned be-
fore the examination of this witness was concluded. All the
Irish correspondents of the London press concur in their testi-
mony that no feeling stronger than that of mere curiosity ap-
pears to have been excited by these proceedings ; and that
whatever be their result, there appears to be little
chance of the agitation which has been foretold by the pro-
Repeal journals. Even the Morning Chronicle, bold in its
predictions of "public calamity," does not pretend
that the interest which has been excited by these
trials in Ireland is of a nature to warrant its in-
ference. We omitted yesterday, by the way, to notice
the indecent exultation expressed by our Contemporary
at the personal ailments and infirmities disclosed in the appeals
of several of the jurors, who are sitting on these trials, to be
relieved from attendance. The age and rheumatism of one of
these gentlemen have been grossly exaggerated, in order to
afford an excuse for the suggestion that his bodily energies
may be exhausted during the five or six weeks to which
the traversers propose to prolong their trials ; and it is affirmed
that, if he be not wholly incapacitated by illness from the per-
formance of his duty, he may, and " probably will, if particu-
larly game," die at his post; in which case the proceed-
ings would be brought to an abrupt termination. It is ac-
cordingly hinted to him, that if he have any sense he will
take to his bed, and procure a doctor's certificate, in order that
the anticipations of this zealous friend to the repeal cause may
be fulfilled. The hint to protract the proceedings to the
longest possible period, on the contingency of so desirable an
event, will not, we dare say, be lost upon the counsel for the
traversers.

FRIDAY NIGHT'S GAZETTE.
FIRST NOTICES.
A. W. Shaw, custom-house officer, Stratford-le-Bow.
F. Shaw, harm dealer, Rotherham, Yorkshire.
J. Walker, table knife manufacturer, Sheffield.
J. B. Crafter, jeweller, Portsmouth.
W. Franklin, blacksmith, Bedford.
M. Mackintosh, carpenter, Lower Crown-street, Westminster.
C. F. Krafft, fishmonger, Edgware-road, Marylebone.
T. Pearson, jun., coal dealer, Toxteth-park, Liverpool.
J. Younge, plumber, Fincham, Norfolk.
J. Baxter, weaver, Linthwaite, Yorkshire.
B. Rhodes, cloth-maker, Calverley, Yorkshire.
W. A. King, clerk, Lower Queen-street, Rotherhithe.
J. Senior, beer seller, Thornhill Lees, Yorkshire.
M. Barnett, watchmaker, Swan-street, Minories.
J. Whitaker, beer seller, Halifax.
W. Williams, tinman, Llanrwst, Denbighshire.
J. E. Oliver, organist, Queen's-road, Bayswater.
E. Hawkes, bookseller, Church-street, Chelsea.
R. Stevens, butcher, Redditch, Worcestershire.
H. Elston, New Accrington, Lancashire.
J. Sykes, weaver, Brookside Slaithwait, Yorkshire.
W. Hollis, Lieut., E.I. C., Sussex-terrace, Old Brompton.
J. S. Hulme, commercial clerk, Duke-at., Bloomsbury-sq.
C. Blenkin, farmer, Otteringham, Yorkshire.
W. T. Ashton, gilder, Sherrard-street, Golden-square.
W. Hughes, tailor, Took's-court, Chancery-lane.
M. Brook, grocer, Halifax.
T. Thompson, innkeeper, Barnard Castle, Durham.
W. Cock, jun., bookbinder, Maidstone.
H. P. Wright, perfumer, Great Surrey-st., Blackfriars-road.
G. Salter, boatman, Banbury, Oxfordshire.
C. Twist, railway porter, Leeds.
J. Turner, whitesmith, Huddersfield.
A. Akeroyd, coal leader, Birstal, Yorkshire.
T. Hayward, wood carver, Tabernacle-walk, Shoreditch.
E. Evans, schoolmistress, Fulham.
F. Blackley, steward of a steam-boat, Southampton.
H. Martin, attorney, Augustus-square, Regent a-park.
G. Dennea, attorney, Great Vine-street, Westminster.
W. Pullin, grocer, Tuck-street, Shoreditch.
E. Brown, carpenter, Willesden, Middlesex.
Whitfield, Dover-road, Southwark.
T. R. Maurice, attorney's-clerk, Holywell, Flintshire.
J. Newton, grocer, Lower-marsh, Lambeth.
J. Dickins, dealer in fustian cloths, Salford, Lancashire.
G. Fisher, varnish manufacturer, Minerva-st., Hackney-road.
R. Henson, dealer in fancy ornaments, Bedford-street, Strand.
J. Radcliffe, building-surveyor, Huddersfield.
T. Bullock, commission-traveller, Clarence-terrace, Islington.
J. W. Finney, farmer, Stockport, Cheshire.
T. Griffiths, clerk, Charlotte-street, Islington.
J. Rodin, plumber and glazier, Dudley, Worcestershire.
F. Ullathorne, fustian-dealer, Manchester.
S. Brooks, boot-maker, Old-street, St. Luke's.
F. Asprey, attorney, urnival's Inn, Holborn.
T. Greenway, charter-master, Dudley, Worcestershire.
T. Firth, labourer, Birstal, Yorkshire.
SECOND NOTICES.
R. Taylor, coaclunau, South Bruton-mews, Berkeley-square,