The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 13, 1844.

yet felt it their duty, when clothed with the respon-
sibility of office, to: continue the operations in China
which were in progress when they came into power.
—(Cheers.)" It is well for them, and for the country,
that they did "continue" those operations. They might
have abruptly terminated the war. Acting upon their ex-
pressed and faction-inspired denunciations of the Chinese
war. They might have withdrawn the troops, and
boasted of their consistency. They knew better than
to do so. They persisted in the course which they had
condemned in their predecessors ; and reaped where
they had not sown. The improvement in trade, for
-which the present Government takes credit to itself, is,
to a considerable extent, the result of the openings which
China presents for British manufactures—epeninga for
which the country is indebted to the policy which was
condemned by the members of the now approving Go-
vernment when in opposition. The large sum paid by the
Chinese under the treaty of peace concluded between
the two countries, as a compensation to Great Britain
for the expenses of the war—this large contribution
toward supplying the deficiency in the Exchequer, and
to the surplus revenue of which Sir Robert Peel
boasts as the fruit of his finanpial skill, is the prg-
duct of the policy which the present Government Con-
demned, affected to deplore, and sought to counteract.
" Clothed with the responsibility of office," their eyea
became enlightened as to what was required to insiinr
tain the honour and advance the interests of the country;
and " they continued the operations in China," which
they had, with unanimity and earnestness, condemned.
Thus it is. fn Parliament a4rl RRtside its walls—in the
measures they propose, and in the speeches they deliver
when expounding or defending them—in the language
they employ Whell 114kirvssing public meetings, whether
economical or festive, the present millisteps tire olf!r,
pelled to justify the policy of the goserninent they ob•
ttructed, and eventually upset.
STANDARD.—We owe an apology for having nit*
glected to direct attention, yesterday, to the remarkable
and most gratifying scene on the preceding evening et
Merchant Tailors' Hall—the entertainment given to Ole
Henry Pottinger, by the principal merchants of London.
This brief delay has given to most of our morning Con-
temporaries an advantage over us, but an advantage com-
pensated by the opportunity we have of considering their
opinions. It is a very old observation, that to the acqui-
sition of lasting fame two things are necessary, great
talents and good fortune, Sir H. Pottinger has been
abundantly favoured with both, and he ha; employed
both in the manner best fitted to establish his own
renown, and to promote the honour, prosperity, and
happiness of his eoentry, and through her to promote
the advancement of the human rape, It was not an ex-
aggeration that the Chairman employed when he com-
pared the opening of the Chinese empire to the
commerce and social interests of Europe, with the
achievements of Vasco di Gama and Christopher Co-
lumbus. Whether we regard the difficulty of the
task, the innocency of the means by which it has been
accomplished, or the probable benefit to mankind, we
must place the adoption of the Chinese empire into the
family of civilised nations tar before the opening of the
maritime passage to India, or the discovery of the
western world. In the intercourse of mankind,
moral obstacles are always harder to surmount than
obstacles that are merely physical The passage
from London to New York, or, indeed, to the
Antipodes—New Zealand and Australasia—is much
more certain and secure, upon the average of years,
than that across the narrow isthmus which separates
the Mediterranean from the Red Sea. In less than
three centuries civilisation has tamed what was the
vast desert of North America, from the Floridas to
Detroit, but in ten times three centuries civilisation
has mad little progress in the abode of the Arabs.
The case of China itself, however, so long
courted by civilised nations, and so long inaccessible,
is the most remarkable example of the repulsive
force of purely moral difficulties. When we boast,
too, of the innocency of the means by which China
has been thrown open, we must not be understood as
justifying the origin of the war which has led to so
happy a result, or even to the unsurpassed skill and gal-
lantry with which that war was conducted. We may
consistently deplore the original quarrel, we may dismiss
all feeling as to the mode in which the war was con-
ducted, except admiration for the skill, gallantry, and,
above all, humanity, of our soldiers and sailors ; and yet
exult with unalloyed triumph in the good which wisdom
has drawn out of what was at first perhaps evil. We rouit
not be supposed to detract from the merits of our bravo
sailers and soldiers—they discharged the duty assigned.to
them as British sailors and solders always discharge their
duty, and as no other sailors or soldiers can ; they ac-
complished what no other men in the world could accom-
plish. Far be it from us to detract from their claim upon
the admiration of their country, but truth requires us to
say, that their victory was followed by a victory still
more important, in the use made of their glorious suc-,
ceases. It is at the ehd of their serviees that the proudest
triumph of the British name commences. The war
might have been continued along the whole almost
endless coast of China, with, no doubt, the same
brilliant success that characterised the last
campaign, but without any other useful consequence,
and continued for ever, were it not for the wisdom of
the man who saw and seized the proper moment to ter-
minate it, and used the means best calculated to termi-
nate it to the benefit of his country and his species.
" A flint stone," says Lord Bacon, "is found to be more
easily broken upon a feather bed, than a steel anvil."
And never was the principle of the great philosopher
illustrated more faithfully or more successfully
applied, than by Sir Henry Pottinger ; he prepared
the softest conditions to serve as the basis of his pacific
negotiation, and upon those soft conditions he shattered
into fragments that obdurate barrier which had from the
creation separated China from the world—almost literally
" tote penitas divisa orbe.". We freely concede to Sir H.
Pottinger all the praise of this great, this inappreciable
achievement; and in conceding it we do net feel that we
do the least wrong to the Government under which he
acted. To put fit men into fitting offices, and having
put them there, to repose unbounded confidence in them,
is the one secret of success in all the affairs of life, great
and small ; the master's eye may be useful to keep the
labourer from idleness, or to restrain the cashier from
dishonesty ; but in the details of complicated affairs,
the master's eye, the master's opinions, the mast( r's
interference can do nothing but mischief, for this
plain reason, that the party who conducts the details
must of necessity know more about them than any one
else can. The more highly, therefore, we esteem the
services of Sir Henry Pottinger, the more highly
must we speak of the wisdom that left him free to
, the exercise of his own powerful talents. There is,
is this respect, the reverse of an opposition of in-
, terests between Sir Henry and her Majesty's Mi-
nisters. We cannot admire the wisdom with which the
confidence of the Government has been employed and
repaid, without as much admiring the wisdom with
which it was reposed. Nor let this latter wisdom
of
fe lsiagghactlyitypraiznedd.
fidelity
dNe Vl
ya rien, happily,
public
rich
ry
sieneixcaz butples
instances of the courage and self-denial which
embrace the risk of loss, or embrace any other
serious responsibility, in reliance upon the sagacity and
fidelity of others—rare, in all the concerns of life, are
most rare in political affairs. It is impossible to read
the dispatches of Lord Nelson or the Duke of Wel-
lington, or any of the multitudinous correspondences
published in Parliamentary reports, without a
painful sense of the extent to which the public
service has always suffered by the imperfect
confidence which all the Governments before the
present, have generally reposed in public servants. This,
we repeat it, must be the effect of cowardice or self-
conceit, or, in the case of governments, of a habit de-
rived from the constant indulgence of these weaknesses
by former governments. It is not the least of the merits
of Sir Robert Peel's Government if it has boldly broken
through this wretched habit in all cases, as it certainly has;
and with what splendid success we see in the cases of
China and Canada. Having thus hastily alluded to the
difficulties to be encountered in opening the Chinese
empire, and to the innocency and even generosity of
the means employed, we need not expend a word in
allusion to the boundless advantages obtained by a free
pacific communication with three hundred and fifty
millions of men, previously as much estranged from us
as if they occupied another planet. These advantages
will not be felt perhaps for a few years to a great extent,
but they are vast beyond the power of imagination to
conceive.

THE LONDON GAZETTE

(THIS EVENING.)

WHITEHALL, DEC. 11, 1844.

The Queen has been pleased to appoint Sir Henry
Thomas De Is Beche, lint., and Thomas Cubitt, Esq.,
to beher Majesty's Commissioners forinquiring into the
causes of the falling of a cotton-mill, at Oldham, and as
to the failure of a part of the prison, at North Leach.
WAR-OFFICE, DEC. 13.
15th Light Dragoons—Sergeant-Major W. Doyle,
from the 6th Dragoons, to be Cornet, without purchase,
vice Iloare, promoted, Dec. 13.
9th Regiment of Foot—Lieut.-General Sir T. Arbath-
not, K.C.8., from 52d Foot, to be Colonel, vice Lieut.-
, General Sir John Cameron, K.C.8., deceased, Dec. 7.
48th Foot—Assistant-Staff. Surgeon D. Dyco to be
Surgeon, vice Edward M`lver, who retires upon half-
pay, Dec. 13.
52d Foot—Major-General Sir E. Gibbs, K.C.8., from
the 68th Foot, to be Colonel, vice Sir T. Arbuthnot,
appointed to the 9th Foot ; the Hon. E. G. Curzon to be
Ensign, by purchase, vice Read, who retires Dec. 13.
55th Foot—Lieut. 11. H. Warren to be 'Paymaster,
vice Daniell, deceased, Dec. 13.
68th Foot—Major-General C. Nicol to be Colonel,
vice Sir E. Gibbs, appointed to the 52d Foot, Dec. 7.
72d Foot—M. Irwin, M.D., to be Assistant-Surgeon,
Dec. 13.

73d Foot—Ensign the lion. W. J. G. Chetwynd to be
Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Davis, who retires ; R. M.
Hickson, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Chet-
wynd, Dec. 13.
74th Foot—Lieutenant D. Godley, from the 3d West
India Regiment, to be Lieutenant, vice J. Inman, who
retires on half-pay of 63d Foot, Dec. 13.
80th Foot—Lieut. W. Cookson to be Captain, by pur.
chase, vice Marsh, who retires ; Ensign W. W. 0.
St. John to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Cookson
H. W. J. A. Brahan, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase,
vice St. John, Dec. 13.
3d West India Regiment—Lieutenant P. Bolton, from
half-pay 63d Foot, to be LieutenanC(repaying the differ-
ence), vice Godley, appointed to the 74th Foot, Dec. 13.
Ceylon Rifle Regimen-t--E. E. 11. O'Brien, M.D., to
be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Powell,• appointed to the
Staff ; IL F. Dskers, Gent., tk, be Assistant-Surgeon,
vice Swettenham, appointed to the Statl; Dec. 13.
HosPITAL Assistant-SurgeonSTAFF.—Staff- J. Al ‘G re -
gor to be Staff-Surgeon of the Second Class. vice D.
M'Gregor, deceased • Assistant-Surgaon G. W. Powell, '
M.D., from the Ceylon Rifle Regiment, to be Assistant-
Surgeon to the Forces, vice M'Gregor, promoted on the
Staff ; Assistant-Surgeon W, K. Swrettenham, M.D.,

TALLOW.—There has been more inclination on the
part of holders of Russian to realize this week, and they
navi- submitted to a reOttetion on former ptic • .1311 por
owi. HU., Afternoon there were six public saws of 't al
and the following are the results : 100 casks of
E.,t India went at 40* gd to 40s 40a 9d ; 528 ea,ks
South Wales 36s to 42s ; 283 pipes, 6 hhd, South Ame-
rican 32s to 39s- 3d, and 140 casks of St. Petersburgh
37s 6d to 40s 3d.

H.M.S. DARING.
The following letter has been addressed by Captain
Matson, of the Daring, to Mr. Joseph White, the
builder :

" H.M.S. Daring, Dec. 1, 1844.
" My dear Sir,—We have had only one trial since I
closed my last letter; with respect to Daring, it was the
same story over again; but I am able to give you a much
better account of the Waterwitch, who showed her
strength, and hung pretty close to our lee quarters.
" On the 28th November, tried sailing by the wind, in
fresh breezes, most of the brigs being under single-reefed
main, and double-reefed fore topsails, and occasionally
top-gallant-sails ; Daring had single-reefed fore and
main topsails, and for a short time main top gallant sail;
but as 1 had it all my own way, I took it in, and kept
under easy sail, winning the race in a canter. Water-
witch carried a press of sail all day, had top-gallant
sails set almost all the time, and appeared to staid up ad-
mirably. Osprey carried away her jib-boom, and
Cruiser main top-gallant yard, soon after starting ; and
Mutine missed stays in first tack, and afterwards carried
'away her jib boom—the third since leaving port. Pan-
taloon did nothing ; we were sailing, for the most part,
against a hard sea, and she therefore went boldly to lee-
ward, although they have filled all her tanks with salt
water. At the end of a six hours and a quarter's trial
we had gained as follows Waterwitch, 1,500
yards; Espiegle, 4,800 yards; Flying Fish, 7,500 yards;
Pantaloon, about five miles—but her distance could not
be measured, as she was barely in sight; Osprey, Mu-
tine, and Cruiser, wi re out of sight, dead to leeward,
about eight miles Had I carried top-gallant
sails I might have been another mile to windward;" but
as the weather was so thick, I did net think that any
angles could have b. en taken ; moreover, I wished to
show that we could beat them all under less sail. The
Waterwitch lost a great deal every time in tacking; she
had not men 'enough to work her properly, having
twenty-two men on her sick list nut of her small crew.
All the brigs have very large sick-lists, averaging from
fifteen to twenty, owing to their being so very wet.
Darinu's sick list has always been the smallest ; I have
now only eight, and we have very seldom exceeded ten,
mostly boys and Marines, who suffer from sea-sickness.
" One of my officers yesterday received a note from a
friend on board the Firebrand, who says there is but one
opinion on board the Firebrand respecting Daring ; I
have written several letters respecting her capabilities,
copies of which I will send you with this letter. I think
the Espiegle is decidedly rising in the scale ; and I think
that the Mutine would have beaten the Flying Fish yes-
terday had she not carried away her jib-boom--I never
saw her make so good a start: she is generally the very
worst. The Commodore gave me an order to supply
my spare jib-boom to Mutine, thinking, I suppose, tt.at
Daring is the least likely.to carry one away—l am glad
of it, for I hope to get another in its place a couple of
inches stouter.
" December 3d, off the Lizard.— We made a glorious
finale yesti rday, running into the Channel; we tried
with the wind a-beam, going 10i- knots, under all plain
sail, except royals. At starting Daring was No. 6 in
the line, but she soon passed them all, and led the field
in fine style, grt3dii.!tT,-
half hour. At tLe f. ry
t' ;a: f•
Mined as f•,llo Esp;egle, 2.400 ) :Lids ;
2,540 yards ; Flying Fish, 3,080 yards ; Osprey, 3,200
yards• Waterwitch, 4,800 yards; 'Cruiser, 5,600 yards ;
and Pantaloon, 10,000 yards. You will tee that although
the Daring beat theta all so niu.h, rhf. oth-r four I,IEO
brigs were very near together—iinly 800 yards difference
between them. The little Waterwitch did very well ;
she cannot be expected to run with the large brigs, but
she showed herself off in comparison to Pantaloon. The
Waterwitch tried to carry a fore topmast-stud-sail, but
it did her more harm than good, and she took it in.
Pantaloon was sailing on her beam. ends all the after-
noon—l certainly never saw a man-of=-war heel over so
much before, she must have sailed with an inclination of
about thirty degrees ; she does not appear to be any
stiffer than before she filled her water tanks.
" At the end of the trial yesterday we were close in
shore--about three miles from the Wolf Rock; the Com-
modore then made the signal to part company, and make
the best of our way back to the rendezvous, off the
Lizard. I put the canvass on the Daring, and we were
at our post by daylight, where we met the Commodore—
the only vessel in sight. Osprey made her appearance
this afternoon ; but at sunset neither of the others had
arrived. •

" December 4.—Our trials are now over, and we are
making the best of our way to ilymoutb, with orders
to chase the Firebrand to the Eddystone ; the wind is
light and baffling, and it depends more on chance than
on good sailing who gets there first; however, I mean to
see what I can do by daylight. Perhaps I may not have
time to add anything more than to offer my sincere and
hearty congratulations on your sueoess in giving to the
service so matchless a brig us the Daring.
" Believe me, yours very sincerely,
(Signed) " H. J. MATSON.
" Mr. Joseph White, ship• builder, East Cowes."

TUE COMMERCE or LIVERPOO-L—On the occasion
of a recent meeting of that celebrated body, the Cham-
ber of Commerce of Manchester, its chairman went a
little out of his way to twit the people of Liverpool with
the asserted fact, that the revenue derived from the
Customs of our port had been for some years, and was
still, stationary. We have now the pleasure of inform-
ing that gentleman and the public that such Is not the
case. We are assured that the Customs' revenue of
Liverpool for the past year is likely to yield upwards of
4,500,000 e sterling, a sum greater by very nearly
500,0001 than the amount contributed last Spar. much for fact and actual figgres against mere assertion.
We may add, however, for the satisfaction of our jealous
neighbours of the great manufacturing wen, that from
all present appearances we are not at all likely to vend
is still at this point ; but, ott the conrary, overy Indication
teanifestiAg itself of a still further advance in our rela-, tire position amongst the other ports of the
empire. It
is a little singular, by the bye,_ what pains the " liberal"
people of Menchester take,from time to time, to cry
down the prosperity of port, the rise or fall of whose
commerce certainly af6irds a very tolerable index to the
prosperity or adversity of the trade of theip own town.
p
—iool ...V.on(lcoil
Wa regret to learn that a steam boiler explosion
occurred on Monday, at Messrs. Lloyd and roster'a col-
liery, near Wecluesbm7, by which the engineer was
litljed,— Monte Journal,

firm rates, but for.common ancriiid kinds there are not , ROYAL ACADEMY.
many purchasers.
On Tuesday, the 10th instant, being the seventy-
SPICES.-=i his aftornoon Cloves met with little atten-
tw sixth anniversary of the foundation of the Royal
o, and 53 chests of Penang at public sect were only partly disposed of at a decline on former rat es of ld
to Academy of Arts, a General Assembly of the Acade-
2d, good bright bold selling at 2s, and rather dark bold i micians was held at their apartments in Trafalgar-
ls 10d, of Mace 24 chests of Penang were sold at a de- ,
square, when the following distribution of premiums
eline of 2d, making the fall for the week 8d ; , took place, viz. :-
good sold at 2s 9d to 3r, mid 2s 3d to To Mr. William Gale-For the best copy merle in
2s sd, low 2s to 2s Id, Cghtly mouldly 2s 3d the Painting School, the silver medal and the lectures
to 2s 4d. For Nutmegs prices are sustained, 'of the Professors Barry, Opie. and Fuseli
and at auction 53 chit and 5 boxes Penang were nearly ! To Mr. George Roderick James Healey-For the
all sold, fine bold at 4s to 46 Id, good 3s 8d to 3s l Id, '
good mid 3s 5d- to 3s 6d. next beat copy made in the Painting School, the silver
mid 3s 3d to 3s 4d, low mid
medal.
20 I Id, and mouldy 2s 9d to 3s id, worm eaten is Id to
To Mr. William Gale-For the best Drawing from
Is 3,1 ; of white Pepper 93 casks of Tellicherry
were
offered, and sold at Th dto 8d for fine bold, and two lots the Life, the silver medal.
a
t9d ; for common there were few orders ; Government To Mr. Alfred Gsitley-For the best Model from
seconds are 3s 7d to 3s 9d, and private thirds 2s 8d to the Life, the silver medal.
3s ;21 bags of Pimento at public sale were sold at 4d To Mr. George Low-For the best Drawings of
for mid quality,
the Church of St. Mary Woolnoth, the silver medal.
MoLasses.-West India are fetching previous rates, To Mr. 'William Wood Deane-For the next best
and merchants show firmness ; but there has been only Drawings of the Church of St. Mary Woolnoth, the
a limited busin'iss transacted. Antigua bas been fetching silver medal.
24s to 24s 6d per cwt ; thereare purchasers of the lower To Mr. George Eiger Hicks-For the best Draw-
descriptions to some extent at a decline on previous rates ings from the Antique, the silver medal.
of 6d per cwt. East India are still fetching former prices.
Cocoa.-West India has suet with ready purchasers, To Mr. Alexander Rowan-For the next best
and the parcels of Trinidad'disposed of privately have Drawings from the Antique, the silver medal.
ben At stiff rates, the supply.of good and fine kinds is T. Mr. Alfred Brown-For the best Model from
not ample for the demaed-the public sales of 185 bags the Antique, the silver medal.
of Grenada went briskly, good red at 465, middling Which was concluded with a short address from
42s 6d, and common at 41s per cwt. Foreign from 30s the President to the students.
to 34s per cat. Cocoa Shells at 15s to 16s per cwt. The General Assembly afterwards proceeded to
RICE.-Thera has been an increased inquiry for Ben- appoint officers for the ensuing year, when Sir Martin
gal since tilis day week, and in consequence of the scanty Archer Shee was unanimously re-elected President.
Slipply at market buyers have paid a further advance in Council.-New List-John Prescott Knight, Henry
priceslow white fetching 11 tolls 3d, midding Ils 6d William Pickersgill, Charles Robert Cockerell, and
to 12s, and superior sorts 12s 3d to 12s ed per cwt.
J
Madras has met with more attention ; 684 bags atoseph Mallord William Turner, Esqs.
auction fetched 8s to 8s 6d for good yellow, 8s to 8s fid Old List-Sir William Charles Ross, Clarkson
for sea damaged' first class, and 7s 6d per cwt for second Stanfield, Charles Robert Leslie, and Edward Hodges
class. The low sorts of Java are in request at previous Baily, Escls•
rates. Cleaned Rice at 14s to 18s for Patna, and 23s to Visitors in the Life Academy.-New List-Win.
27s par owe for Carolina. Mulready, Daniel Maclise, Henry William Pickers-
INDIGO.-The dulness in the market for East India gill, and Thomas Uwins, Esqs.
has increased, and so limited has been the business trans- Old List--Abraham Cooper, J. J. Chalon, Rqs. ;
acted for shipping and home consumption this week, Sir William Charles Ross; William Etty, and Solo-
thet it is difficult to quote prices with accuracy; indeed mon Alexander Hart, Esqs.
they are little better than nominal. In Spanish there Visitors in the School of Painting.--New List--
has been very little business transacted, and if parcels William Etty, Solomon Alexander Hart, John Pres-
were to be pressed for sale a decline in prices would be
cott Knight, and Daniel Maclise, Esqs.
the reselt The quarterly sale of East India has been
' '
fixed for the 21st of January ; already 3,306 chests Old List-John James Chalon, William Mulready,
are advertised. Henry William Pickersgill, and William Frederick
raorr.-The market has become rather quiet, and the Witherington, Esqs.
demand this season for the new Fruit up to the present Auditors re-elected-William Mulready, J. AL W
time has been unprecedently large. Prices remain firm, Turner, Esqs., and Sir Richard Westmacott.
Zante and Cepealonia new Currants 475, Yatras 49s
to 50s, Denis Raisins 40:, Lexia 38s, Valen-
tin 50s, Smyrna black 38s, Red 45s to 475,
Eleme, 48s to 503, Sultana 60s, Muscatels 55s to
100 s per cwt. At public sales 22,781 drums new Turkey
pulled Firs' a great portion sold from 45s to 80s. Impe-
rial French Plums in cartons 100 s to 1053, i-cartons 100 s
to 1255, i-cartons 100 s to 1395, if-cartons 120 s, 1-16th
cartons 121 s to 1235, *-boxes 70s to 85s, and Prunes in
i-chest at 345,
OILS.-There has been a falling off in the demand for
all descriptions of common Fish Oils this week, and only
a limited business has been transacted ; Southern is also
fetching full rates 29/ to 341 being obtained for common
to fine quality, but for other sorts prices are going down ;
Pale Seal selling at 341 to 34155, and Cod at 311 to 311
105 per ton, The market is in a very dull state for Sperm,
For Linseed Oil priced are yet on the decline, there being
a very large quantity produced ; but at 228 3d to 22s 6d
extensive purchases have been made on the spot, and for
delivery several contracts are entered into at 22s 9d to
23s per cwt, some parcels have been taken by shippers.
For Rape Seed Oil further reduced rates are accepted;
Pale at 34s to 348 6d, and brown 33s to 33s 6d. Cocoa Nut
Oil, fine, 27s to 278 6d, and other sorts 25s to 26s 6d. Palm
25s to 25s 6d for fine quality. Olive Oil, 411 to 421 for
Gallipoli, and 381 to 401 per tun for Barbary and Spanish.
American Lard Oil is 401 to 411, and African ground nut
Oil 33/ to 33110 s per tun. This afternoon at public 100
tons of superior White Cocoa Nut Oil were taken in at
24s to 25s 9d.

HEALTH OF TOWNS.
Yesterday a public meeting took place at Exeter-hall, for
the purpose of forming an association to promote legislative
and other measures for the improvement of the health of
towns. The Marquis of Normanby occupied the chair, and
among those on the platform were—the Earl of Shelburne,
Mr. Sheil, M.P. ; Sir R. H. Inglis, Bart., M.P. ; Sir William
Clay, Bart., M.P. ; Mr. Ewart, M.P. ; Mr. Hawes, M.P. ;
Dr. Southwood Smith ; the Rev. Mr. Champneys, &c.
The Marquis of NORMANDY opened the proceedings by
reading letters from the Bishops of London, Norwich, and
St. David's, Lord J. Manners, Mr. D'lsraeli, Archdeacon
Wilberforce, Mr. Ridley Colborne, Lord Ashley, Mr. Mac-
kinnon, and Sir E. L. Bulwer, expressing their regret that,
from various unavoidable causes, they were prevented
attending at the meeting. The Noble Marquis then
stated that the meeting was called for the purpose of
giving practical effect to plans for improving the health
of towns—plans which had received almost universal ap-
probation from men of all parties, but which, strange
to say, had not as yet been carried into effect.
How such a state of things as was developed in the reports
of the Commissioners could have been allowed to grow up
in such a country as this he was at a loss to understand.
His attention had first been called to the subject while he
was Secretary of State, but he never was more convinced
of the frightful importance of the subject than he was at
the present time. He was convinced that the evil was in-
creasing daily in extent and virulence. Since the session he
had been studying the report of the Commissioners appointed
to inquire into the Health of Towns, and also the reports
of the last Census Commission. He would state to the
the meeting a few of the results of their inquiries.
The county of Lancaster, it appeared, stood at the
head of the unhealthy counties. It had deteriorated in the
healthiness of its populaiton ; but it had gained in wealth.
The property-tax now yielded 136 per cent. over the pro-
ceeds of the last. But the census showed a great increase in
the number of deaths. The census of 1811 gave one in forty-
six as the number of deaths; now, the proportion was one in
thirty-six. At the same time he should add, that the census
for the whole kingdom exhibited an increase, though not to
the same extent. In 1811 the proportion of deaths was one
in fifty; now, it was one in forty-five. Manchester stood
second among the unhealthy towns in the kingdom. It was
a fact deserving of recollection that those districts in which
modern science had made its greatest advances in the promo-
tion of manufactures and other pursuits were the most un-
healthy. There were eight counties in which the average
mortality was less than the average of the whole country.
They were counties in which there had been the least amount
of social change. They were Devonshire, Cornwall, Hamp-
shire, Dorsetahire, Sussex, Herefordshire, Lincolnshire, and
the North Riding of Yorkshire. In Lancashire, on the other
hand, where the social changes had been the greatest,
the mortality had been the highest, and the general con-
dition of the people was the lowest. Out of 100 men
52 could not write their names, and out of 100 women
67. Yet those parts of Lancashire which bordered on West-
moreland stood the highest in point of instruction. In Ash-
ton only 8 women and 12 men out of 100 could write their
names. Eighty years ago 70 out of 100 could write their
names. The balance in favour of Lancashire as regarded
property was 98, while the proportion, as regarded health,
was 2to 1 against it. If we thus found wealth and death
holding divided empire in the new district, was it not the
duty of every man to consider how it arose—and if it should
not he put an end to? It was not merely the increase
of mortality among the poor in our manufacturing dis-
tricts that ought to be made the subject of inquiry, The
effect of existing arrangements on the morals of the eole
ought also to be considered. If it was true that moral habits
could not long endure unless there was a decent home,
so also the home would not long remain decent if there
were not moral habits.—(Hear, hear.) The great postu-
late of society in the present day appeared to be that there
should be a fair day's wages fora fair day's work. A thing
equally necessary was, that there should be a fair day's work
for a fair day's wages. The hours of relaxation were the life
of the working man. 'Whatever would distinguish him from
his fellow-workman must he accomplished within those
hours. Some would say that for the correction of all the evils
by which the social condition of the people was afflicted we
ought to look to the march of civilisation, as if the march of
civilisation had not retrograded. The whole subject must be
faced at once. There had been propositions for the establish.. ment of baths and washhouses, and of parks for the recrea-
tion of the people. These were all steps in a right direction,
but he hoped they would not be brought forward as any ma*
son for a pause.---(Hear.) The reports that had been made
by Mr. Clay and Mr. Coulthorp and other gentlemen, on the
subject of the condition of particular towns, showed that the
object might be effected by a general and contemporaneous
movement at a very small comparative expense. The laying
on of water at every other house, the provision of adequate
sewerage, of side drains, the removal of all refuse from the
houses, the cleansing of the streets, and the opening of new
streets, might, it was calculated, all be effected at an ex-
pense of 14,000/. per annum for every 100,000 persons, to he
repaid at the end of every 20 or 30 years respectively. In
this calculation 40,000/. was allowed to each 100,000 for the
opening of new streets; for parks and public walks 1,0001.
a year, and fur the salary to a medical officer of health 300/.
—a low sum, but one for which many gentlemen would be
ready to undertake the duties. The expense would Average
155. a year for each house, and 3s. for each person. Dr.
Playfair calculated, that the saving to the population of
Manchester alone in the prevention of disease and its accom-
panying expenses would be 989,0001. a year, a sum which
would equal the difference between the highest and lowest
prive of the bread consumed by the population. The Noble
Marquis concluded with an eloquent appeal to the meeting
to do all in their power to put an end to a state of things the
continuance of which was neither safe to them as citizens
Aor ereditebl, to them unliristlans.
Nir h. H. leceLia, in moving the first resolution, which
declared that the want of proper sewerage, drainage, and
effectual cleansing of towns, was the cause of sickness, suf.
fering, and a high rate of mortality, as well as of the moral
and physical deterioration of the people, observed that if
this me ting produced no other effect, it would at least do
good by giving publicity to the condition of the people.
The reports of the Commissioners were full of evidence of the
dreadful state of the towns in consequence of the defective
drainage and sewerage. He was not going to intrude one
word that could possibly interfere with the harmony of their
proceedings; but he begged permission to remind them that
in thus endeavouring to Improve the dwellings of the poor
they were commenc;ng with the lowest set of influences
that gould affect their social condition. He hoped, also, that
higher ones would not be lost sight of. It was well to take
care that the poor should have a sufficient supply of water,
but they must also be supplied with the living waters of
ruth.—(Hear.) The Hon, Baronet concluded by moving
he resolution,
Mr. HAWEI seconded the resolution. He expressed his
cordial gratification at being able to co-operate here with Sir
R. Inglis, to whom he was so often opposed eliewhere. At
the same time, he did not think that the wishes of the Hon.
Baronet with respect to the improvemCnt of the spiritual
condition of the people would be less likely to be accom-
plished by their first setting about the improvement of their
physical and moral condition.—(llear.)
Mr. Cnituxx, who spoke from the body of the meeting,
here called the attention of the Chairman to an omission in
the resolution. It did net include among the objects of the
Society the state of the graveyards or burial places in towns.
He hoped that some reference to the subject would be made
in the resolution.
The CHAIRMAN suggested that the resolution; though it
did not directly mention the subject, yet did not exclude it.
The resolution was then put and carried.
Mr. Slim rose to move the second resolution, which was
to the effect that a subscription should be opened to carry
out the objects of the proposed Society. He was delighted
to see the Hon. Baronet who had proposed the first resolution
had returned from Rome in such good health.—(A laugh.)
He was glad also that he had brought them such a description
of the Roman sewers.—(A laugh.) On this occasion he
(Mr. Shell) and the Hon. Baronet happily coincided. They
did sot often coincide.---(Hear.) Indeed, one of the most
felicitous circumstances attending this subject was that they
were able to coincide upon it, although so accustomed to
differ on others. There could be no question as to the de-
sirableness of the objects proposed to be attained, The next
question was the means. That was embraced by the resolu-
tion he held in his hand. He was, however, of opinion, that
no voluntary subscriptions would avail unless there was also
legislative ffitt-ifeTelleee They must not be satisfied with
this aingli meeting. Societies must be formed throughout
the ()wintry, and Members of Parliament must be called on
to lend their aid. The Hon. Gentleman concluded by moving
the resolution.
The Roy: I4'. OnAMPNEYS seconded the resolution. As
oPe of e working clergy of London, in a parish of 35,0ci0
persons and containing some of the poorest of the poor
(Whitechapel), he could bear testimony to the state of
penuryl,662 in which they were. 1-4 knew one street in which
persons !me erowded in small narrow alleys, most of
them Cu}- -saes, within the space of 1-16th of a mile.—
MeV. To other parts of London those confined districts
were cleared" ter the new streets. Where did the people go?
Either to new places like the old ones, or to overcrowd those
which were crowded before.—(ffear.)
The resolution was agreed to.
Sir W, CIAT. I art., proposed the third resolution, which
jet fterth the saving in parochial and other expense; which
the accomplishment of the proposed regulations would effect.
tiztAZIOAll 111991;1414 t o reiciatiQui Which was salted

11(4.R.RIED. h Fm 01100
On the 28th ult.. at Florence,_ in the British or 4*
Creswell Esq., of Gibraltar, to Mary second lisug" o°,lo
late Rev, William Fraser, Rector •fs. North' Viralithrnsinoll' °jai/
Ovactathe 3d inst., at St. Andrew's Church, 'Vulcan 0
lateße dpwtaainrd GR(a)ndfarepaynto
eE,muiley Ctlarce, eldest
trti___,...rf datirastop-orf,
pu y- on]
the Bombay Army.
.o:,..ailit,e' ii
On the 10th inst. at St. James's Church, I' ..-A.agal.-
Francis Trevithick, of Crewe, Cheshire, t• Marl' i wit"
Mr. Francis Ewart, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. •,, ;lc P'-.,_ 0
On the 10th inst., at Rockbeare, Francis D. v„11;40,024.
bliematirte-Ccooluornte,lpoeyfotnh.e 4th (Queen's Own) Light l'n-of,.
Sarah Anne, only daughter of H. F. Bidgood, Escl" rtbf
1 Woltit'dills On the 10th inst., at York-street Chapel' h. ~
Lieutenant Garwood Wellesley 'Wpollaston, °f&,.tho•
Navy, to Miss Sarah Winfield, of Gerard-street, ow

if,
Rector
0 ri theof
On DIED.
the 2d inst., the infant son of the BeC* F'4l. 61°1
(tilainrlstot,nit,tllomlelr.ae.
near bit"
. utbi
Newport, if°'lll° sd
i
Miss Allfrey, aged 44. P ii, ALP"
11.1 et:rta° ntt
P. R. S. (14, 044
%,
0 hilsestr2;dtehti,nisont.xs,tf:artdG. Bognor, Sir Isaac ig.__on,
of
a the 9th inst., Mar' the wife of G. Y. '
place, Chelsea, I/ of 11°7
'
of bet
9121101' 'oo'
On the 9th inst ,in London, Captain .101'n of
Majesty's 26th Regiment, third of G. S. Stors, .. I
tuf, oe°
common, Surrey.
On the 10th inst., at Hastings, Joseph 131.30 ''
of St. Mary's Chapel, Hastings.
aged
53.eori: Langdale. Esq., _to

London: Printed and Published b D 11 I
-- .1001110..aj
No. 112, &read, Printer, at TL RU* Ofreo-uail
B,,,ttand, in the Preeiiet of the Osintr '—
uuddlitex, Friday, Deogmba Is, 10