The Sun.
London, England, 1845-01-13 00:00:00

MONEY AND COMMERCIAL N. i.: iii, S
There
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
tuba
•was no change in Cotton nt Liverpool on Sa-
• Sales, 4,000 bales, of which 500 to exporters.
---"A air bustness was done in Shares at about previous
ratec—Birmingham and Gloucester, 1034 104 ; Cam-
bridge and Lincoln, 2/. 17s. 6d. 2/. 18s. 9d. ; Chester and
irkenhead, 3631 • ChernetiValley, 4i; Direct Northern,
2,,i; Eastern Counties, 1;--4- ,7 • Edinburgh and Glasgow, e2i-;
'lalgovv, Dumfries, and Carlisle, li ; Grand Junction,
927 226 ;
151 Grt Ditto, Halves, 113 ; Great North of England,
; ea Western, 1664 ; Ditto, halves, 97 ;
~,98Lancaster and Carlisle, 14i; Liverpool and Manchester,
I'll:; Kendal and Windermere, 4/. Is. ; London and
ginghm Quarter Shares, 264 ; Ditto and South-
restecn• Ne'w, 81 ; Lynn and Ely, 2i; Manchester and
''''es 14; Midland Counties. 118 ;;Ditto, 404 Shares,
e,,,ctii;nesi/Intn,ee'rw,lc49a7Bll;e and Berwick, 8; North Kent, 38-; North
9S97;ttish Central, 2i; Sheffield and Man-
i+ L South-Eastern, 42,f i; Ditto, New,
T 'Lyons and Avignon, 2/ 155., 24 14s. 6d.;
.Orlean!,
N° ern
itad Bordeaux, 7,i i; Boulogne and Amiens, 41,
orthern of si
There • ran"'
6.
.are in several of tho private letters and paperss
last received from Calcutta some very interesting item
Rion
exiteitillsri°ornm more immediately connected with the
The . agricultural pursuits in that vast continent.
Prtos,, sworthy and persevering efforts of the Govern-
eMent of India to encourage and extend the growth of the
and
plant were rapidly in the course of development,
a the results at no very distant period are likely to be
of 4 most important and beneficial character. In the
been
of the growth of linseed, too, rapid strides have
pi: °lade. An import into Hull, that has just taken
to e'
i 3 8° good in quality, according to a circular sent
tia ns• that it is at the highest market value—
sea 478. per quarter. The finest Black
Pe4te „1,413" d was quoted at 465. to 475.
for knirgh ordinary &c., 40s. to 425. ; the same price
43-8. "Igsberg and kiga; and Archangel at 40s. to
the
,11?er quarter. When it is recollected how great is
its, Btftnee to bring the seed from Bombay and Cal-
tno it! ceeipared with the northern portsjof Europe,. it
tre",,,q,"vell affirmed that our East Indian population
Tht,-"'"ng rapid strides in improvements and industry.
740 ;kW market at Hull was firm at from 6/ 10s. to
leltsLe° for African qualities. 'The last arriva trolsmo
the rii'u,_Was held for hi her prices. At Liverpool a
C. okillittruktiet for Guano is retty firm, the news from the
Intkoet, er of the Queen's ship on the station having
Insitieci7t,hat not more than 90,000 to 100,000 tons re-
off the ;,u betaken off; and that there were British ships
ihe 's' and to take all of it on board.
forist. accounts from Madrid fully confirm the in-
Gov. kml received at the close of last week, that the
Wit had had succeeded in effecting an of arrangement
coki u
de Bivank Madrid for supplies to pay the forth-
-,egdividends on the Three per Cents. This bank
Spain make a pretty picking out of the Treasury of
the , and the question is naturally asked, howlontog
kne system is
to go on ? Some people wish .
te a' if the Finance Minister pays in illicitly:
ecb,l.lterl stock ? An answer to the question
inwotulids
. 'lee not a few interested, as creditors of Spain,h
elty. b
hIE,. tioyal decrees to confirm contracts so made cost
ri._ Ottle expense or trouble in the drawing up and sign-
igi,:.nt it is feared that the National Debt of the country
similar
op. being Most unduly augmented by this and
-rations.
I,(elrtn,litaerereh,afvreobeen some accounts received at the Hall of
ni South Australia, to the 31st of August.h
rh "Ps this is the information, that it was
.intended y
s' Government to place one uniform duty on imports of
.__P:r cn. The revenue of this colony, ending in June,
'IT: anted to 8,934/ There are some accounts from
ettl/1' Zealand, b t they are not of any interest. The
,ists are repreusenta as being very badly off. lib!' has always been ourdCsire to promote as far as pos.
1 Gaya a the employment of capital in the formation of rail-
and other public improvements in the sister Isle.
eider erefore we think the following extract from the cir-
i
Mr. John Wills sent to us this morning descry-
trt'R attention :.---"In Ireland there are yet no such in-
(ZBt4 to claim the protection of Government
p a Writer had previously dilated upon the
-1 i•
g lah lines) and, therefore, where there is
B,C°hzaPetition, it tis the ompetition between one embryo
Gala and another- for example, the ' Dublin and
1,71*11Y against the ' Mullingar ' and the ' Dublin
the' Cashel ' extensions to Limerick and Cork, against
or direct ' Cork and Limerick,' Hence the plain duty
tet2lol.oard of Trade will be so far as Ireland is concerned,
n:onsider which of the competent schemes offer the most
a,„erl,7 and cheapest means of communication, which are
' -`1 °e Connected by the formation of railways ; and
where, as in the case of the Cork and Limerick (Vig-
,,ll°,les' line), two of the most important cities (the metro-
Withvan excepted) are propo'sed to be connected by a line
few engineering difficulties, only sixty•one miles in
s,ent th, whilst the Cashel Company is nearly eighty-one
;-""es in length, it is hardly to be supposed that such an
"'"OL,44Partial tribunal as the Board of Trade will sanction the
g line,with greater engineering difficulties, to the shorter
'lle, which is proved to be in every respect superior as
1, means of uniting the two great cities alluded to.'
ereover, the 'Direct Cork and Limerick' terminus in
"tit will be in the centre of the city, on Camden Quay,
aa
it:4advantage that cannot be estimated too highly, in a
4. ercial point of view, whereas the terminus of
eb.tlyal will be one mile and 100 yards from any of the
•,..,j,,
loo.naols for the Account have been very steady at
‘t t I
, and the same for Money, the former value ruli
t ng
Per ,"4lr,esent moment. The New Three-and-a-Quarter
1, tc,* have been done at 104 ; Exchequer Bills
at
%2 In 13' premium; and the Three per Cents. Reduced
21;:la 4 e 5.11,1,
Chili_ 441 i o'l the Foreign Market have been various.
lo 1411 Ronde has been sold at lf per cent, premium.
Pe t-,P ilee -,t4sve fallen from 1013- to 1001; Columkan
-91-e","ese Co Mexican at from 344 to 35i i. The
Three'''' None "4erted Bonds have fallen from 60i to
Per
re Per 6etY and to 59i for the Account. Spanish
k ,:sts, At ,t.,baVe been flat at 26k 1., and the Three
e.Ete this iiii--"6t. In general the market has been
the pe("ttid,7l, ing.
f 1,14 e e"L'e arnount of business has been done in
:4°4' of a;
-"ares t da:y If anything, the tone is in
(xeNteiallYl-0111. troeroN°:ernen't, the demand being good
BRI list of tne Irish and the French lines. The cor
"lIII'IeT. °Seild quotations are annexed.
ea k•pe-N
-'-'S THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
„ Per coil,. itProm the Official List.)
",Per e, ' educed Annuities loo7i,
15tv,317. Console Anna iooA
to_g 4 Per Cent. Annuties
lloto7ities• Expire sth Jan. 1860 l2 3-16%
0,) 41'8, Expire Oct.lo, 1859 l2
t baels forolietiti9Pening , ............ 10014%
1,,,_ . er gals.
IN d. I%d.
. cio:: ..................... pm.
bitto s •••••• ..... .. .....
Ditto Anlell .... '''
....
PP•let .'d%-ertised .....
pm.
Op FOREIGN .. ••• ••••••
Chiliall FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.
Colt,b.ids, 6 per Cent
q
IttbeT,te.triroEnecisaciesicB3.o-4:t ....... .!.e.. .........
13114411414%1174:
r'r
' .port'tto Deferred Stock
IhtltgizeBe Bonds, 5 per Cent --
, . to Converted
srebriitto
tfor the AcetZi..
Di
_ onds• 5 per Cent., 1840 26
ekoa i'-'). 'le for the Account
' nto Deferred
16
Dit 3sper Cent
,_
D Dittoiouteh ~i for L. Account.
bittO Per Cen. ..............
, P/11,,,, per cent , •
k.,ertificates
4'..,,. pp
Jr. OF
st,
'l)i.'llogh,t`rii4ll.WAys. 14-attES AT ONE O'CLOCK.
ki ,t 0,1,„ ittid Gl PAID. PER StIoIAM
Illikt,,l4l"'" oucester 100 lO3 (: --,4 - tz' ............. 1714 2514 to
tkled &NI (1, er ... . ,
]ft 01ii.,._ • 1011(. afar, : ......... ,0
dehtablie. ... ........ 30 ...... 41%
'st,t, Re and Li . : .......... 5
Ctio,,_ • Ittid , eoin ....
li
2% to 3
417 Vitile'elYhoad .......... i/2
5%% to
.---
%bO, p Coiltitta• ................... 2 ......
4 - to
I4t
~ert,et. .. ......... .. 235, l6 15% to 16%
I),,itt:Z.rttl u ter Ct. xo i' ,
I i to
ate to " el! siiarneagland .... .. :100?) 'l4 l4B
1 bit IVe"tt'i .... ,
.. • .......... 5
26
1,,,, tte, ~ err, • ............. 2
t,,,;e,54:1 let Si'"'i•es. ........... 80 ...... 166
Vetop
a'„aed.(•,‘r ......... 50 ...... 96N to
14:i to \!1(1)3,,,,_ _.8a1e........ 10
Ct,,,!(lott -.2avrtilT"Leghititt
..lc()
ondos
_ga(lll.. cos ......
4 fight ...... 2
ie
Lion 114 (;re °IL., ..... 50 ..... 50%3/4% to
4tto L)1\11(1. Soult4kwich :... 123/4 .... 10%1/
bit
41oe'' 911'.. ''" Western . 41A ...
51.
84, and 10ck...... • •••• • • 1
,eqe;
.. .. .. .....
..„.. 6 4 to
)t eittitot/ sand Lee.,;•... ...... 21/2... .. 4
e,
*41112 hare_,, . ,43 ......... 70 ......
Nti_...
.... a.
.............. 30 ...... 521%, to
s<'gptloika bartin•gt..o.... ..... 100
...... 118%
''\ 41. 1%44 'lll 13erw !Idunc. 24 ....•• 631/2 65 to 641,4
61:Nittespti
and ah . 'elk • ..... 1% ...... 8
4, tas"ie•r7,.... ...... 7% ...... 101
!Ilet,te.,v%•'_';(llVe,st vae,,..--..,.. 45 ...... 59
No„ liitit,,l'iver,, bli-,,n,lwiltt": 1
.... 2 A
ze""1::11 and
ijo•v4-ri2n. 214. ....... 2•31/2 ▪ to
%Apt Witt ........ er • 7 33% ...... 42
It,L titsValles
.......... .. ...... 4
...... 14/ % to
I)t,ailtt ;' ...... : ........... . 2 3 1...
iti,3et.i'rZth iiicifoal••••cc••• 2/.:'.•.... 9,04
I 115 tkttnr37olllrance
... Ili 51°0 -....— ..... . to
%,tilter, II
...... 32%3/4 ▪ to ,
fplit,,,e 4,, pi. .. ...
_-:,_•• --- ...... 12
i. a 81.11 f Ara ' ....... p. 2 4y%
E, Ao illaqi. 0
nc. . .... g
... to
lAN.' ittlq io'er2o4
... 7...... 1 ...... 6%3/4_ to
, g s„,, :deatiz
... 7-, ...... 10? to
S'Atct,, '‘" -14alo
..... e. 2 ...... 7 g
taAltatyi4l,ta s ...... 14.•. ...... 244
tiv 1 busing aa doing, the market closing
IN Cio •
t itt., ttle,, . 5,,,4. (4,,,t0, x... , .. ............................... 15%
i4,,ttaer lai.,d A
rin2►i
n...... 4........................ 245. 6d.
Mb,9l,oaarter IStiar__ Oa 111, .................
et. . ca .......................... 51 3-16
....... ..............................
eate .. . ........
1.. v
,\ ~,,,
~
eat ..•
.... 15
11e1.,,5tiher`'! !?r, ..... ... ................ • ..... 13
\ , i.theem! NI; ,
,e! r ranee
... ...................... 5r
N 11.14311 '4-Ick• and Preston ....... 2
orkfshite. , ................... ...................... 84
aitt/ti,tll t
____...%.t..._____
....... ... ................ 5%%
...........
Ne le h°l•lsti,ll_, , '•••---____..-7.,_____..,..._„±71.,
S_ Th'.llk'(lar!ols turicll.t9resented the Rev. S. J. Good-
eo' tk,`kton,Y,' eDean of Carlisle Cathedral, to
els sot 11. co_ 1.13. this county.
q ~, I.r rd 4), lase] Lowther arrived at Lowther
M. Ithcittck ttiterianrrt, and has since been joined there by
•Iver ' lie ess4, 4-'ovither.
4° -"II )let llcl''l4'---On Saturday last the Princess
,4,41 „t , 'ogne at ten .
''' tiTe t,eassti,„„ o'clock in the morning, de-
JO t t'veet, j r's at Folkston°, and returned to
Pit 'la t) °ver j nit
beror
Zg, 44 tlt ten e the arrival of' the boat
~
,ti,
0, . o clock the same morning.
'''''" Itt,''' has ' Letrister's :youngest son, Lord Clcuo
41 tioltfred the household Brigade, as cotee,
' Qunrcla Blue.

:ore)!
ruled °
be de,
4310

I 01°

Off
OP!

SPECIAL MESSAGE

Or TILE

wl~~

THE StTN, LONDON, MONDAY' PITENTENG, JANUARY 13 1

PRESIDENT TO CONGRESS.

EUROPEAN IN TERFE RENCE IN AMERI-
CAN AFFAIRS.
We have received private intelligence from London
and Paris of such a nature as to warrant a belief that
the European Powers are actually contemplating the
policy of interfering in American affairs, and di-
recting the movements of this continent, on the same
principles and with the same views as they have been
managing the affairs of Europe during the present
century. This will be indeed a new and interesting
movement in political affairs connected with this
country, to which the attention of the American
people must be called in no trifling degree.
The excuse for this European interference in Ame-
rican affairs, grows out of the movement made in this
country for the annexation of Texas. The British
Government dare not carry their opposition to an-
nexation to such an extent as to endanger the peaceful
relations between the two countries. Their own ma-
nufacturing and commercial interests, and, indeed, we
may say their internal peace, are so dependant on the
maintenance of friendly intercourse with this country,
that any interruption of it would be a most essential
evil to them. In order, however, to check the pro-
gress and power of the United States on this conti-
nent, and to limit the moral influence which the Re-
public exercises in Europe, we have little doubt but
the British Government are endeavouring to form a
coalition, on the part of the European Powers, for the
purpose of intimidating our Government and prevent-
ing the annexation of Texas to this confederacy, or
the extension of our territory to the Pacific, where
we might interfere with England, Russia, and other
Powers.

Ohio Sermte, to whom was referred the subject of the
disabilities of people of colour under the existing laws
of the State, have reported in favour of the repeal of
said laws.—New York Herald.
Mr. Clay has emancipated his personal servant,
Charles. The deed of emancipation is as follows :
" Know all men by these presents, that I, Henry Clay,
of Ashland, for and in consideration of the fidelity, at-
tachment, and services of Charles Dupe), (the son of
Aaron, commonly called Charles, and Charlotte), and
of my esteem and regard for him, do hereby liberate and
emancipate the said Charles Dupey, from this day, from
all obligation of service to me, or my representatives,
investing him, as far us any act of mine can invest him,
with all the rights and privileges of a freeman.
" In testimony whereof I have hitherto set my hand
and affixed my seal, this 9th day of December, in the
year of our Lord, 1844. H. CLAY. (Seal.)
" Sealed and delivered in the presence of
Thomas H. Clay."
Five years since Charles travelled through Canada
with Mr. Clay, and declined all solicitations to leave
him. Mr. Clay has waited until the election was
over, to avoid, as far as possible, the imputations of
base-minded men.—New York Herald.

I The steam-ship Liverpool arrived in the 'Jersey
on Saturday at a quarter past one. Our correspon-
dent Iris forwarded us a file of the New York Herald
up to the 24th December, from which we make the
following extracts :
(From the New York Herald of Dec. 24.)
WASHINGTON, DEC. 17.—The plot is thickening,
and it is impossible to predict what the morrow may
bring forth. It is now, however, pretty well ascer-
tained that Texas will not be annexed during the pre-
sent session of Congress. The antagonist projects
brought forward by Messrs. Benton and M`Duffy
will nullify each other; and if this were not so, the
very extraordinary nature of the diplomacy between
the United States and Mexico on the subject would
produce that effect. Many of the most decided friends
of annexation are brought to a stand by the difficulty
and delicacy attaching to the measure in consequence
of the threatening and portentous character of the
correspondence. I advise you that to-morrow will
usher forth a message from the President of the most
angry and menacing nature—a quasi war message.
The Cabinet are in council on the subject to-day,
and perhaps the vote has now been taken on it, after '
considerable discussion by several members of the
Cabinet.

United Sta„es w.ll Le in the (~xerciis,i of an t: Adouliteil
right ; and if Mexico, not regarding that forbearance, '
shall aggravate the injustice of her conduct by a declara-
tion of war against them, upon her head will rest all the
responsibility.
JOHN TYLER.
Washington City, Dec. 19. 1844.

LITERATURE.
laciskto
toodhe,
record Edi n buorgfh,alvBi4ssi
t.
JOURNAL. OF A CLERGYMAN.
This Journalß
paid to the
Peninsula by the author, the Rev. AV. Robertson,
minister of the New Greyfriars, Edinburgh, in the
summer and autumn of the year 1841. The Journal,
on the whole, is carefully written, but there is a
languor and heaviness in some of the descriptive
sketches, as if the author's heart was not in his sub-
ject, which may perhaps be accounted for by the state
of his health, which he tells us in his preface, "owing
to the influence of climate and other causes, was such
as to weaken the energies of both body and mind."
His destination was Gibraltar, which he was induced
to visit at the instance of the Colonial Committee of
the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.
On his way thither he paid flying visits to Lisbon,
which he calls " the filthiest capital in Europe," Cadiz,
and Seville, whose local peculiarities he describes in a
more animated style than is usual with him. On the
subject of Gibraltar, its scenery, excavations, bat-
teries, street-population, &c., he is very minute and
circumstantial; and we quote his account of a mili-
tary execution which took place soon after his arrival
in that town :
" There was a gloom overhanging Gibraltar at the
time of my arrival, owing to a circumstance happily of
very rare occurrence—a court-martial on a soldier ac-
cused of a capital crime. The criminal was an English-
man, a very tine young man, a private in the 7th Fusiliers.
He had hitherto borne a most excellent character, and
was a good soldier. Love and jealousy seem to have
turned the poor fellow's brain. The object of his affec-
tions was a woman employed in the mess-kitchen—a
person of very indifferent reputation ; 'at the very time
said to be enceinte by another man. He had bad a con
siderable sum of money bequeathed to him by a relation
in England, and it was his intention to purchase his dis-
charge from the army, make this woman his wife, and
return to settle in his native country. The woman had
promised to marry him; but persisted, notwithstanding
his remonstrances, in keeping up an intercourse with
another admirer. The consequence was, that in a fit of
jealousy and madness he stabbed her with a knife in the
side; the wound proved mortal, and the unhappy woman
expired very soon after. The court-martial sat for
several days; and had not finished its proceedings at the
time of my arrival. Malice prepense was proved against
the soldier, chiefly from the circumstance of his calling
the woman aside into a room, shutting the door, and
making it fast with a bench before he gave the fatal
blow. He was found guilty accordingly, condemned to
death, and was executed on the neutral ground on the
morning of 23d July. It is described as having been a
most impressive scene. The whole garrison, with the
exception of those on guard, were marched out to the
ground in solemn silence. The gibbet was erected on
the neutral ground; and when the troops had arrived at
the place appointed, they were formed into three sides of
a square, the scaffold occupying the centre of the vacant
side. The criminal was then marched handcuffed round
the square, inside the ranks—the Dead March playing,
and the chaplain reading the service. It was observed
how regularly the poor soldier, from the force of old
habit, kept time to the music; and when he happened to
be put out, how he changed the step, though his whole
mind seemed occupied by the religious service. The
steps to the fatal scaffold were exceedingly steep and ill-
constructed ; but even with his fettered hands he as-
cended calmly and firmly without assistance. After the
execution the body was laid on the top of the coffin, and
the troops were marched slowly by it in single file, with
the order eyes right,' as they passed, so as to force
every soldier to contemplate the ghastly spectacle. It is
said that many, b >th officers and men, shed tears on the
occasion. lam at a loss to divine the reason why the
soldiers should have been compelled to contemplate the
body of their comrade after the execution. Such exhi-
bitions produce no good moral effeet, but serve only to
disgust, and to excite sympathy for the criminal, instead
of indignation against his crime. There was no
executioner in Gibraltar at the time ; but the office was
accepted by a private of the 46th Regiment, who received
his discharge beforehand, and was duly installed in the
honourable office of hangman to the garrison, with free
quarters in the old Moorish tower, a salary of eighteen.
pence per day, together with a doubloon, and the usua,
perquisites, when called upon to perform his duty."

Such is the amount of the information which we
have received ; and we believe there is a great deal of
truth in these representations. 'When the recent dip-
lomatic developments relative to Mexico shall have
reached Europe, we have no doubt this plan of the
foreign Governments will be more fully matured, and
that we shall hear more of it by the next arrival. The
power and progress of this country have struck
terrors into the very hearts of the monarchies of Eu-
rope, and we have no doubt that great things will soon
spring out of the position which the two continents at
present occupy.

MONEY MARKET.
MONDAY, DEC. 23.—Notwithstanding the un-
favourable advices received from Europe by the last
steamer, the Stock Market to-day was quite firm, and
prices had an upward tendency. Erie Railroad,
Canton Co., Farmers' Trust, Pennsylvania Fives,
Indiana U. S. Bank and Reading, closed firm at
Saturday's prices. Norwich and Worcester fell off
+ per cent. ; Stonington, ; Morris Canal, ; while
Mohawk advanced 2 per cent.; Long Island, 1+;
Ohio Sixes, Illinois, 13. The transactions were
not very large, but we cannot conceive how it is pos-
sible the market can be sustained. The accounts from
the other side, in relation to the Cotton Markets, were
of so unfavourable a nature as to forbid the slightest
hope that those in anticipation will be more satisfac-
tory. The immense supplies that have been produced
in all parts of the world, and the moderate increase in
the consumption, from year to year, must leave a sur-
plus at the close of the season larger than ever before
known. It is the knowledge of this that will influ-
ence prices all through the season. We do not yet
know the extent of the new crop in this country. It
may possibly reach three millions of bales.

COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT.
(FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.)
RABBITS.---At the half-yearly rent audit of G. 11.
Ward, Esq., of Northwood-park, Isle of Wight, on
Wednesday last, a letter, signed by the whole of the
tenantry, was presented to the steward (Mr. Joserl
Squire, of Yarmouth), thanking him for having, at the
request of the tenants, ordered the rabbits on their re-
spective farms to be killed. Only about half the grounds
have yet been trapped, but 4,000 of these vermin have
been taken, and the tenants have destroyed in their
litters 2,000 more, making 6,000, and this in a highly-
cultivates!, heavy-rented, taxed, and tithed district. If
each rabbit destroyed only four ounces of herbage in
twenty .four hours, it would amount to 547,500165. in the
year. At least 4,000 more are expected to be taken,
destroying 365,0001b5. in the year, making a total ofnearly
1,000,0001b5. weight of their crops taken off annually
by rabbits alone. Representations had been repeatedly
made before of the ruinous extent to which the farmers
were injured by the rabbits, and Mr. Ward had given
directions to his gamekeepers to destroy them, but they
could not find any quantity. Mr. W., therefore, this
winter, took other steps, to see which were right, the
farmers or the gamekeepers, to the great satisfaction of
the former.

DARING ATTEMPT AT BURGLARY.
About nine o'clock on Friday evening, while Mr.
Squire and Mr. Howells, stewards of Mr. Ward, of
Northwood-house, near West Cowes, were in the office,
they heard a noise on the outside, and supposing some
persons going to the house had taken the wrong road,
Mr. Howells went out, when they made a quick retreat.
His suspicions being created that all was not right, he
went back for a candle and to inform Mr. Squire ; on
their searching they found that a daring attempt had
been made to enter the house and that the parties had
forced the door in, splitting the door-post into which
the lock shot. It appeared that a crow-bar had been
forced in at the top of the door to open it that way, but
failing, they forced the lock, which being a very strong
one great strength must have been applied. It is sup-
posed that the thieves were well acquainted with the
house as the door opened into a lumber room (where no
one was likely to be) which adjoins the office, in which
they expected a rich booty from the amount of rents
paid during the week, and would no doubt have ob-
tained it but from Mr. Squire and Mr. Howells not
having left the office, a very uncommon thing, as they
both reside at a distance. At the hour chosen all the
servants were at a distant part of the house, being in the
hall at supper. Several persons were seen in the park
about the time, particularly three in one party and five
in another. A great many persons had been at the
house during the day; there were also twenty French
painters and decorators at work in it, but all had then
left. This with the visits of the Parkhurst prison boys,
who if they cannot get out of the island, manage to
roam over it, has made a great inquiry for iron safes
before but little used here, burglary being unknown.

45.

TkIE DISTRIBUTIVE AGENT OF
INDUSTRY.
(From the Sentinel.)
The road, the canal, and the railway are called
into existence, when society has need of them to
distribute wealth through the various districts of
a country. As population increases, and the
products of industry are multiplied, these con-
trivances are improved and enlarged ; thus show-
ing, that modes of transit and conveyance are re-
quired to expand, just as labour and its results are
more and more augmented and ramified. Every one
perceives, that, unless this moving power existed,
there could not be any intercommunication, nor could
commodities be distributed; and consumption, which
is the sole end of production, could not take place,
except in the locality where the commodity was pro-
duced. These are obvious truths, and they lead all
men to recognise the utility of the road, the canal,
and the railway.
There is, however, another distributive agent
of industry with whose real nature the public are
not well acquainted, and that agent is money.
Adam Smith assimilates money to a road, because
it is an instrument of transferring and circulating
real wealth from one person to another, just as a
road is the instrument by which real wealth is
transported from one town t. another. If the
road is covered with turnpikes at which heavy
tolls are levied on the transit of goods, of course
those goods must be charged a proportionately
high price when they reach the consumer ; so
also, if the money of a nation is made of a costly
material, the consumer must pay for this costli-
ness. Were any one to insist that the rails on a
railway should consist of bars of gold, instead of
bars of iron, he would be deemed a lunatic ; for
it would be said, and truly said, that, provided
passengers and goods could be conveyed from
London to Liverpool as safely and as expedi-
tiously on iron as on golden rails, why incur a
useless expense in laying down a dear material,
when a cheap one would answer the purpose ?
However, when we come to apply this reasoning
to the Currency, people hesitate to carry out the
parallel between money and a road, and find it
difficult, if not impossible, to believe that an iron
currency would prove just as good a distributive
agent of industry as a gold currency. Never-
theless, Lycurgus established an iron currency
in Sparta, and it worked well for five centuries, and,
when it was changed for gold, ruin and revolution
followed. Time was, in this country, when our
currency was formed of wood, and the people were
happy and the revenue prospered. These precedents
are adduced simply to show prejudice that the mone-
tary affairs of a country can be conducted without the
aid of the precious metals.
The Earl of Ripon estimated the average quan-
tity of gold in this country at twenty-two mils
lions. When we consider that the interests of the
debt and the annual charges of Government are
much more than double that sum, it is obvious
that the quantity of bullion, as stated by Lord Ripon,
is an inadequate agent of distribution ; and when
to this is added the enormous transactions of a year
in the various departments of business, common
sense must admit, that so scarce a metal as
gold, which cannot be multiplied as trade is en-
larged, is not a suitable instrument with which
to carry on internal commerce. In pursuing the
parallel between money and a road, what should we
think of our authorities, were they to narrow
the Strand, Fleet-street, Cheapside, and the Poultry,
in proportion as the traffic increased from the west
end to the City ? Yet this is precisely the plan on
which Sir R. Peel is acting, for he is narrowing the
distributive agent of industry, and thus impeding the
circulation of real wealth from man to man.
Sir R. Peel is strangely in contradiction with him-
self. He professes to be a Bullionist, and yet, curiously
enough, bases 14,000,0001. of the Bank circulation
on mere credit ; for to that extent his Bill of last
May allows the Bank to issue money, without pos-
sessing in its cellars an equivalent amount of bul-
lion. Is not this a recognition of a paper cur-
rency ? Is it not, to all intents and purposes, a
practical violation of his own principles ? It so
happens, that the nation owes 14,000,0001. to
the Bank, and this purely accidental amount
of debt is deemed by Sir Robert to be the equivalent
of so much bullion. When a statesman acts with
such gross inconsistency, what pretensions has
he to hold the helm ? Why, in the name of justice
and cominon sense, make a distinction between a
debt due to the Bank and a debt due to the fund-
holder? If national paper is a sound representative
of the one, why not of the other ?
It is in reference to taxation, that the distinc-
tion between money and the precious metals be-
comes of paramount importance. Money need not
possess any intrinsic value, for it is simply the agent
of distribution. It is a token or representative,
not a commodity. But gold and silver are values
of themselves which cannot alter. Now, when a
tax is laid on a commodity, its value is not in-
creased, though its price is increased, and the
amount of the tax is the measure of that increase;
for, were it otherwise, the producer would not
obtain the ordinary rate of profit. All indirect
taxes are levied upon this principle ; that is to
say, whatever tax the producer pays in advance
to the State, he gets back from the consumer by
additional price. But, to do this, there must be
a currency capable of expressing that additional
price. From 1797, when Mr. Pitt suspended cash
payments, to 1819, when Peel's Bill restored cash
payments, there was such a currency in paper as
represented taxation. Since 1819, that currency
has been abolished ; but, as the taxation was
not abolished at the same time, the producer
has been made to pay it, since he has had no
means of charging it to the consumer. Why
so ? 43ecause gold can only represent na-
tural value, not taxation prices ; and, as Par-
liament keeps gold cheap, whether it is abundant or
scarce, and has fixed it at the scale at which it ruled
in the time of Elizabeth, when there was no public
debt, and a very trifling revenue, wages and profits
must fall to the low standard of untaxed gold. Hence
it is, that ever since 1819, industry, not property, has
had to pay the dividends, and nearly all the expendi-
ture of Government. Now, there is no remedy for this
evil (unless we pay off the debt by a direct tax
on property), except a restoration of the currency
under which more than half the debt was contracted ;
or, in the language of free trade, gold must cease to
be a protected metal, and be snbject to the competi-
tion of supply and demand.
The extension of our foreign commerce is
looked forward to as the means of employing
labour and rewarding industry. We hope that
day may soon arrive, when our ports shall be
open to universal intercourse; but it is our duty to
warn the working classes, that their wages can never
permanently rise, however foreign trade may be
extended, under Peel's system of currency; because,
as soon as prices rise, while gold remains cheap,
the foreigner will take away the gold ; and as
the Bank, in self-protection, must then con-
tracts its circulation, prices will again fall, and
wages sink with declining profits. Thus, the condi-
tion of the working-classes can never continue pros-
perous for any long period, because, as soon as their
labour becomes valuable, the distributive agent of in-
dustry, money, is withdrawn, and the products of la-
bour will cease to be purchased by the foreigner when
they become dearer in the market than gold.
The father of Sir Robert Peel, a man of great
sound sense and vast practical knowledge, fore-
told what would be the result of returning to
cash payments. He said the measure would
double his son's property and ruin the country,l
—a prediction which time has verified ; for as-
suredly—a country is already ruined when the
millions seek in vain fdr employment, and capital
seeks that profitable investment in foreign lands
which it cannot find at home. We beg the attention
of our readers to the following comparison between
an abundant and a restricted circulation, which we
borrow from one of the letters of the late Sir Robert
Peel .
"A restricted circulation never fails to create
every evil which can afflict an industrious people
scarcity of money, unpurchased manufactures, de-
ficiency of employment, unpaid rents, dejected
agriculture, and unproductive commerce. These
are the mischiefs which necessarily distress
the individual, and embarrass the commu-
nity while its circulation is deficient ; and, in
our peculiar circumstances, the mischiefs are greatly
aggravated by the amount of our taxation. When
money, on the other hand, is abundant, it may always
be procured at moderate interest. Bills of Exchange
and other private securities, are readily discounted ; and
every individual who has property or credit is accom-
modated with boas, according to his necessities. With
an abundant circulation, ingenuity is put to the stretch
to find new means of rendering it productive; hence
employment multiplies, every individual finds the
means of subsistence, the manufacturers are all occu-
pied, our merchants send out additional adventures,
the shipowners have freights at their command, the
production of the husbandman is consumed by a busy
people, rents are more easily paid, and taxes more
easily collected. Such are the benefits resulting to
may have b
individuals and to the State."
ofw hothe Bulionists,"tno
We earnestly entreat all
seduced by the plausibilities
weigh well this calmly-formed opinion of
.lone of the
merchants this country
ablest and most successful
doctrine insisted upon by
ever produced. If the
the father of the present
it is obvious that this
population and the Prime Minister be true,
country, with increasing
increasing trade that
must be transacted. to. avert the pauperism of the
imperiously
millions,
distribution demands a moneyed agent of
susceptive of expansion. That agent
cannot be metallic, for the is no expansive
quality in the preci
ous metals. We must, there-
fore, seek it in
paper, as Mr. Pitt sought and
04114 it. Let gold rise end fabl, as all 0.0104. 00m.

modities rase and fall under the law of supply
and demand, and let a national note represent
national taxation. By these means we should,
firstly, prevent the export of gold ; secondly, we
should secure the export of goods instead of
gold; thirdly, we should enable the producer of
commodities to charge the taxes added to them
to the consumer, and thus throw the burden of
the revenue from the shoulders of labour on to
the shoulders of property; fourthly, we should
effectually stop decline of prices and those gluts
and panics which are solely caused by sudden
contractions of the circulating medium. Wages
and profits would be high and steadily high ; the
home trade, as well as foreign commerce, would re-
ceive an impulse and an invigoration which would
animate every branch of industry ; and society, in all
its grades, would possess the best guarantees for
order, peace, and happiness.

THE BISHOP OF EXETER AND
HIS CLERGY.
(From the Exeter Gazette of Saturday.)
We have been favoured with the following important
letters, which will be read with peculiar interest
sho J. 8, 1845.
"Rev. and dear Sir,— I requests oustowe, toan communicate
to the clergy of your deanery, with as little delay as
shall be convenient, the accompanying letter, addressed
by me to all the clergy of my diocese.—l am, rev, and
dear Sir, your faithful friend and brother,

" .
" The Rev. J. Armstrong, Dean RurallL of ExeterEXETER."
" TO THE CLERGY OF THE DIOCESE OF EXETER.
" " Bishopstowe, Jan. 8, 1845.
Rev. and dear Brethren,—l have this day had the
gratification of receiving from his Grace the Archbishop
a copy of his Letter to the clergy and laity of the pro-
vince of Canterbury.'
" That letter leaves me under no difficulty how to act.
Not only in deference to his Grace's authority, but in
most willing concurrence with the sentiments which ho
has expressed, I thankfully accept the prospect of an
adjustment of our present diversities by some general
measure which shall have the sanction of the whole
Church. In truth, I feel that I could not more effectu-
ally labour for the great object which I have had at
heart—the restoration of certainty and vigour to the law
of the Church in all that relates to our public worship--
than by now relinquishing my own separate endeavours,
and merging them in that common effort which his
Grace has announced his intention to promote, when
the way shall be prepared for a final settlement.'
"Meanwhile, I advise you all to act in conformity
with the views so plainly set forth by the Archbishop ;
that is, to continue the services in your several churches
as they now are, making no attempt to approach nearer
to au exact observance of the rubric, unless you shall, in
any instance, ascertain that the wish of your people is
is clearly in favour of such an advance.
" One reservation I must, indeed, make, though I hope
it is unnecessary. If the practice in any parish at pre-
sent prevail (I know not that it does) of omitting or
garbling portions of the offices of the Church--especially
the offices of baptism and burial—by reason of objection
to the doctrines therein involved, or of introducing
prayers of private composition, either before the sermon
or elsewhere, such violation of the Church's law muse
not lay claim to indulgence.
" And now, in addressing you on this occasion, most
probably for the last time, let me express my deep sense
of the value of that support which I have received from
the great body of my clergy, and of the warm and aff
tionate sympathy evinced by very many of
you, unde ecr
circumstances of no common trial. These
are matters
of grateful and enduring remembrance. If there hare.
been some instances of an opposite feeling (Rs I hp,
bound in sincerity to add there have been some, how.vever
few), I assure those who have exhibited it that foey will
not, in our future intercourse, experience airy unpleasing
recollections of it on my part ; and it, on reflection,
they shall as readily forgive themselves aslforgive them,
I wish that they may have formed a right estimate of
what their duty has required, and may hereafter require
them to do.
"This last is a subject on which I would not dwell.
But I am desirous of saying, with reference to some in.
dividuals of high station, on whose public conduct I
deemed it necessary publicly to remark, that I rejoice to
believe that there was much of misapprehee.-sion of
motives—something, it may be, of mistake of facts.
"In respect to one eminent person,in
particular, I
cannot doubt the statements made by him of his own
actual conduct ; it is plain, therefore, that the terms in
which he had claimed a right to act and speak, in resist-
ance to the lawful order of his Bishop, were not intended
by him to imply (for he since expressly denied) that he
had exercised that right, as his words themselves induced
me to conclude.

"Of all the harassing and painful incidents of the last
few weeks, these personal conflicts have been by far the
most harassing and painful. May they henceforth be
as if they had never been. But, whatever may have
been the temporary results, I do not and cannot regret
that I deemed it necessary publicly to assert those prin-
ciples of Church authority which it is alike the duty of
all of us to recognise and to inculcate. The very vehe-
mence with which the assertion of them has been re .
sisted, proves, if proof were necessary, the necessit:( of
their being asserted, and of our never suffering tb'em to
fall into oblivion.
"In conclusion, I congratulate you on the prospect
of those principles being, ere long, prttr:tically asserted
and enforced by our Bev. Primate ; as of his
effecting, if it be God's good
pleasure, a finnd thal andu peaceful
settlement_ of questions which (inconsiderate as, for the
most part, are the subjects of them) must be settled, if the
banyan empty h of Eng
n amland
e. is to continue to us anything better
" I am, rev, and dear brethren, your affectionate friend
and brother,
" H. EXETEIL"
We have just learned, from the best authority, that
the Bishop has received a letter from the Archbishop
of Canterbury, calling upon him to retrace all his steps,
till the constituted authorities have deliberated on the
subject of " the diversities."_ IVeNtern Times of Friday.
-- - -

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE,
Sarre HUNTING APPOINTMENTS.
Kingy
ston. stag h., Tues., Malden ; Sat., the Griffin,
Sir John Cope's hds., Tues., Milney Warren ;
Greywell Hill ; Sat. Brick Bridge— loi. Wed.,
Mr. Theobald's stag hds., Tues., Wickham Market; Fri.,
Ottley Bottom.
South Berkshire hds., Wed., Burghfield Bridge ; Fri.,
The Bladebone, Bucklebury, Common.
Cheltenham stag hds., Sat., the Balloon-10i.
Craven hds., Wed., Froxfield Gate Fri Park ; Sat., Stagcroft-10i. ; ~ Ashdown
Pembrokeshire hds., Thurs., Ramswood-10.
Hursley hds., Fri., Cranbury Park.
N.F.H. Tues., Hunters' Inn ; Thurs., Buckworth Park ;
Sat., Embley,
HS
t. Weston Comm on., Tues., Hinton House ; Thurs., Minchin's Barn;
Sir John Gerard's hds., Wed., Blackley Hurst ; Sat.
Golborne Smithies.
Hambiedon hds., Wed., Westbury House ; Sat., Holy-
well House—loi.

SIR JOHN COPE'S Fox Hourtns.=A very nume-
rous field were at the meet of this crack Berkshire pack,
on Saturday last, which took place at the seat of Mr.
Clayton, about five miles from Maidenhead, where an
elegant luncheon was given by the liberal host to a large
party of friends. A fox was soon started in the covers
of Mr. Clayton, and killed after a short burst. The
covers at Bray Wood, near Hare Hatch, were then
drawn, and a fine fox unkennelled, which, after running
a four-mile ring, at a racing pace, took away to Knowles-
hill, across Mr. Clayton's covers, and was killed, after a
beautiful forty-one minutes' run, near the Coach and •
Horses, at Maidenhead Thicket.
LIBERALITY OF TUE BRAZILIAN GOVERNMENT.---•
The Brazilian Government has issued a decree, dated
November 15th, relieving foreign vessels that may ar-
rive at any of the Brazilian ports, in ballast, from ton-
nage dues. This measure has given much satisfaction
here, as being calculated to promote a constant supply
of vessels for the conveyance of produce thence, and
thus relieve shipowners from what previously was a
heavy tax upon them.—Afanchester Guardian,
THE NEW METROPOLITAN BUILDING ACT.--On
Saturday morning a number of tenants of kitchens in the
parish of St. Mary-le-Strand were ejected under the
irovisions of the New Building Act, which prohibi'

ietting of kitchens or cellars as residences, prohibits
unless pro-
perly drained and ventilated. Many of these wretched
abodes were only approached by cellar flaps from the
street, and without windows.
LONDON SESSIONs.—On Saturday an appeal was
heard on behalf of a waterman named Young, against
as r f Dv e ee pn
it fa onr
oaf dt
hi de
water Ivlvo ar tk e r nli I n:ada
n:::ve c :3
ri.
the conviction of the Lord Mayor, arising out ot
the rules and regulations of the Waterman's Coax
pany. Mr. Ryland, who appeared on behalf of the
Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, said that the kn.
involved in the present proc • -11/
-..inte
ap l
craftan t
Tbwehhenoroortewbs
was
sne
being
pany.
eflolarnat,
tfrineett
earedt_for thaewafuppl
:oh': e:
ednr vso
oue.
After
very
frnyntquestionhtheninoT t
Trinity
.ifnrvvoei
thefyi
coluhafwei
arguments pro and con.
wptEoaal
pany to
mteßonasr
need
Mr. Ryland,
Wwheroe
arpepmoved from the control of the
firmed.
wereTedr.iniTtyhHeyou
the appeal must be con-
hat persons licensed by
deciding agailist their own pri-
vCi
ioeugret 3 o, f
hAultd e
that could not be avoided. Appeal Con.
COLLIERY EXPLOSION,.._ Correspondent
informs us that, soon after the workmen entered the
Eaglesbush collier belonging to Messrs. Penrose and
toOkonplaicleur, byaywhlaiest,h
nainetemrreinficweerxep,lmototn
seofverefoluyl
Evans Sta y,
air ut—thsfeiaunaP°lsesitlYselvdilte7tehdepirnogwtri-‘Ber:
scorched.—Cambrian.
DEVONPORT DOCKYARD.—Eighteen smiths are
ordered from this yard to Portsmouth, and eight to Pem-
broke; and six were superannuated yesterday (Friday).
Four plumbers have been temporarily hired, in conse
(pence of the great increase of work attendant
on the
fitting out of so large a number of ships.—Devonpor
Independent.
Sir John Lowther, Bart., M.P., Sir John Simpson,
Sir William Stephenson, the High Sheriff of
of it the Lord Mayor of York, and a numerous body of in-
fluential gentlemen connected with the county and city
of York, have undertaken to direet a grand National Archery Meeting, which is to be open to all Englandi. Scotland, and Ireland, anti is appointed to bo hold at
York in the month of June next.
The Duke of Cleveland has made a donation ot
with2sl. t
To wr•ianridtys
Cell; eucv
et in
h gji)naerwlin
gstcho
on,oaln-rdoohmiss,Givsen ceehnnasexaliosac
signified his intention of becoming an annual subscribe;
of lot for tbeii•Ature support.