The Sun.
London, England, 1844-01-03 00:00:00

TILE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EV.ENING, JANUARY' 3, 1844

and that disunion in the Board of Management Was
the certain destruction of any Company. Before
their application to him, he was unacquainted with
either of the present candidates ; he believed both of
them to he highly respectable and honest men.—
(Hear, hear.) The Hon. Gentleman who had spoken
last had talked of honesty. Did he suppose that any
ona came there to act otherwise than honestly ?
(Cheers.) He believed the great.body of the licensed
victuallers deserved well from society, for the nume-
rous excellent institutions they had founded, and the
valuable charities they had created.—(Cheers.)
He respected the body highly, and it was
his anxious wish to see all their praiseworthy en-
deavours prosper.—(Cheers.) He was in favour of
Mr. Addis as a Director, principally; because he was
recommended by the Board of Directors, and he was
also well calculated to work and co-operate with that
Board.—(Cheers.) It was by electing such men that
they would raise the character of the Institution,. •in-
creas-..e their connections, and enable them to gain a
hold upon the public, that nothing could shake.—
(Cheers.) In his opinion they ought not to elect any
man of a less standing than the one they had lost.—
(Cheers.) They ought to have men of rank and cha-
racter in the City of London in their Direction. Mr.
Addis was connected with some of the first persons in
the City, he was also connected with the corn trade,
the distillers, brewers, and others who were likely
through his exertions to benefit this Institution, in-
crease its business, and thereby extend its useful-
ness. Such being his opinion he felt compelled to
support, the election of Mr. Addis as a Director.
He did not know that he had any thing else to say,
or that he should wish to say. He hoped they would
take these matters into consideration, believing that
they also came from an honest heart, and put forward
by a man who had no connection with one class or
the other, but who only wished to see his shares
paying five per cent. instead of four.. .
The CHAIRMAN asked if Mr. Addis wished to ad-
dress the meeting ?
Mr. Annts said he had nothing to say.
Mr. RINGLET then rose. He hoped, as his worthy
proposer had stated, that he stood before them with a
face of honesty, and with a feeling that was always
desirable, that of promoting the welfare of the institu-
tion. The first point to which he had to draw their
attention was the assertion that he was disqualified
under a clause of the deed of settlement in the 57th
page. He knew that doctors differed both as to the
nature of a complaint, and the mode of cure ; and it
was the same with lawyers ; they also were of dif-
ferent opinions. He believed this matter had been
discussed on the last occasion. The plain clause said
that a man should not hold two offices at one and the
same time that was to say that a man was not to be
at the same time a Director and an Auditor,
or a Committee-man and a Director. The moment
an Auditor was made a Director, he ceased to
be an Auditor, and. the moment a member of
the Committee was made a Director, he ceased
to be a Committee-man. But the clause did not
state that a man should not he eligible to offer him-
self as a candidate for that or any other office. If
that was the opinion of the Learned Solicitor, he dif-
fered with him ; if the clause were submitted to three
of the most eminent counsel in the land, two of them
would be of his (Mr. Bingley's) opinion, and one of
the Solicitor's.—(A voice— To be sure ; when a
Common Councilman is elected Alderman, he ceases
to be a Common Councilman. Everybody knows
that 1") He knew no community of men more grate-
ful than a body of Englishmen, and.he asked them on
the sound principle of gratitude, as •one who had en-
deavoured to promote the well-being of the Company
from the very commencement, and who had originally
ventured his capital in it, when it was difficult to get
gentlemen to assemble on the Board of Directors,
when they asked men in vain to become Directors
—it was well to hear gentlemen eulogise the licensed
victuallers as men, who, from what they had done
in life, deserved to be eulogised, yet after having
given up eight or nine years to attending to the best
interests of the Institution, if a licensed victualler
asked for a seat at the Board of Directors, they
told him that he had no right to ask it.
They were told that the , Board of Directors
thought it better that they should seek sortie
other food, some new connection; but if they
abolished the name of licensed victuallers from the
Association what would become of it ?—(Hear, hear.)
They might go on ad infinitum in forming new con-
nections among timber merchants, and coal mer-
chants, or any other merchants, for the purpose of
bringing new grist to the mill ; but they might go on
in that direction till the feeling of the powerful body
of the licensed victuallers would be estranged from it,
and they would no longer possess it to guide them to
the object which they so much desired. He had
heard from the worthy proposer of Mr. Addis, and
from another gentleman, the principle of self-election
laid down, and had wondered at it; he denied that the
Board had any right to give a recommendation to any
particular individual. But had not the capital of the
Proprietors a right to express an opinion ? The
Directors had one strict line of duty to perform, that
of announcing that there was a vacancy in the Direc-
tion, and that it was to be filled up at a given period ;
if there were one thing to be more deprecated than
another it was the liberty the Directors had taken in
advocating the interest of any one man in preference
to any other.--(Hear, and " Shame.") As long as the
liberty was left to Companies, as to nations, to elect
their representatives, dictation from any quarter was
to be deprecated. The Directors had no right by a
public declaration to signalise any individual. If
they did, it became self-election. It appeared from
the letters of the candidates who had resigned to-day,
that they had resigned in favour of Mr. Addis. That
appeared from their letters, as they stated their re-
signation to be the consequence of the recommenda-
tion by the Board of Directors of Mr. Addis. The
Society began business in 1835, but it was not till

chant affixed to his name. That title `° merchant" seemed
indeed, to have great weight with certain folks ; but it
should be recollected that there were lucifer-match ma-
nufacturers who might by and bye be called lucifer-match
merchants, and why not consider those as more eligible
than the licensed victuallers for the Direction? During
his connexion with the Committee, he had discharged
his duty fearlessly and faithfully, and he now appealed to
the gratitude of the Company—he appealed to their feel-
ings as Englishmen (fur Englishmen ever possessed a
grateful recollection of services rendered them)—and now
that he had pointed out the relative positions of the can
didates, he trusted they would show to him that he had
not only earned, but a:so obtained the toward of his
exertions in behalf of the interests of the Company.
Should they do him the honour to elect him, he would
pay every attention to the discharge of his duties, neither
swerving to the right nor to the left to serve the interest
of any man, but looking solely to the welfare and success
of the Society. From the frankness and liberality
of the worthy magistrates en the board, he
had no doubt that they would treat the hum-
ble publican, who might be elected to serve among
the Directors with every respect, and consider
him while sitting at the board as perfectly their equal
there, so long as he conducted himself respectably. He
ventured, then, to ask the Proprietors to reflect before
they gave their decision, and he trusted that common
gratitude would induce them to pause before they re-
jected him when he presented himself as a candidate.
In February next he should in all probability cease to
hold the office of Chairman of the Committee, as it
might so happen be would not .be re-elected to that
office. He trusted, then, that they would not allow him
to appear as though his long services to the Company
were not gratefully remembered ; but that they would
prove that they deemed an holiest, humble, licensed
victualler worthy to sit by the side of the worthy magis-
trates who graced the Board of Directors.—(Hear.)
Mr. Alderman MUSGROVr said it was not his inten-
tion to take up so much of the time of the meeting as
the worthy candidate had who had just sat down,ber
cause he had very little to say to them on the subject.
He doubted exceedingly whether it should not have
been thought entirely out of place for him (Mr. Alder-
man Musgrove) to address them on the present occasion,
if it had not been for one or two observations that had
been made by the worthy candidate. That gentleman's
address was a matter with which he (Mr Alderman
Musgrove) could have nothing to do. He had felt it his
duty to appeal to the Proprietors' gratitude for past .ser-
vices. To that appeal they would make their response ;
but at the same time they would probably permit him, as
feeling a deep interest in the prosperity of the Institution,
to say to them that they must have something more than
gratitude for the past.—(Cheers.) They must take en-
larged views for the Institution. They should not be
unmindful of their present position, which looked
not only to the estimation of the licensed . victual-
lers, but to that of the public at large,—(Hear, hear.)
They had heard from a worthy Proprietor, who had
spoken in the course of the meeting, that he had taken
that view of the subject, and that it was after much
consideration he had come before them to recommend
to them the candidate who, in the judgment of the
Directors, was the best fitted to fill the vacant office.
The worthy candidate who had last spoken had charged
the Directors with two acts—one the act of dictation, the
other of ingratitude. With regard to the first, he (Mr. Al-
derman Musgrove) would put it to their respected Chair-
man and the Board as a body, whether they had 4ver
attempted to dictate to the Proprietors?—(No, no.) From
what he could gatsier on the subject, the object of the
Directors, in the course they had taken in this respect,
was to save the Proprietors any unnecessary trouble in
ascertaining what might be their Opinion as to the eligi-
bility of the candidates, as they had ever, from the com•
mencement of the Institution, been called upon to
offer their opinions to the Proprietors on occa-
sions similar to the present. Beyond that they had
never intended to go, nor in fact had they. They felt
that. it was due to the Proprietors that they should
know their opinions on the matter, and it was only to
prevent them .coming to the office and asking what do
the Directors think of this candidate, and what do they
think of that, that the Directors'acted as they had done
in the matter. Beyond saving the Proprietors that
trouble the Directors had no desire to exercise any in=
fluence in the affair. With regard to the ingratitude
with which the Directors were supposed to have acted,
he would answer without any personal feeling or any
desire to undervalue the services of the Hon. Candidate.
At the same time he was bound to state certain facts in
reply to the charges which the Hon. Candidate had
thought proper to make against the Board of Directors.
Tho Hon. Candidate had stated, and. the present was not
the only occasion on which he had done so—the Hon.
Candidate had stated that for the benefit of the Institu-
tution he had taken upon himself great responsibility-7-
that he had been its prop from the commence-
ment, that he had risked his all, that he had
stood up for it when no one would look at it, and that
he had run the greatest risks for them. Doubtless the
Hon. Candidate felt that such was the case himself, ot
he would not have told them so; but he (Mr. Aldermen
Musgrove) had made inquiries as to the position in
which they were at the commencement. It had occurred
to him that the statements which had been made by Mr.
Bingley at the last meeting were deserving of the
greatest consideration, and that unless those statements
could be answered. it would undoubtedly appear that Mr.
Bingley had not been properly treated. The Hon.
Candidate had told them that he had been one of the
first to take shares, and on looking back to the book for
1835, he found that such was the estimation in which
the lion. Candidate held the Institution, that he had
actually risked in it the enormous sum of 301.—(Cheers
and laughter. Mr. Bingley attempted an interruption,
which was put a stop to by the Chairman.) Shortly
afterwards his ability and energy pointed him out as a
proper person to serve on the Committee, and .he was
appointed one of the twenty-four gentlemen of whom that
Committee was composed. He was returned by the
Committee as one of the three members of that body
who were to be their representatives at the Board' of

Directors, and he had taken his seat at the Board
accordingly. Oa taking his seat he found that the
qualification necessary was the holding of forty shares,
and accordingly he increased his risk by ten additional
shares, which it was necessary he should hold in order
to be qualified to sit as a Director. He knew these facts

from having looked over the accounts very carefully before
he became a Director, and he felt bound to state that
the Chairman and the Directors had afforded him every
facility in making those inquiries.—(Cheers.) After
Mr. Bingley had been at the Board for twelve months.
finding that his two companions from the Committee
held ealh 250 shares, he, in 1837, finding the Institution
to be in a very prosperous state, took 210 shares, making,
with the 40 which he held previously, 250, the number
which his colleagues on the Committee had held long
before. In 1841 Mr. Addis took 250 shares, at a pre-
tnium.—(Cheers.) He was anxious to remove from their
minds the idea that the Institution had ever been in a
state of apparent danger. It never had been in such a
state.—(Cheers.) Then, with regard to the responsi-
bility which Mr. Bingley said he had taken upon him-
self. They all knew what the responsibility of a Pro-
prietor in an Insurance Company was, and that the
holder of five shares was as responsible for the liabili-
ties of the Company as the holder of 500. Therefore,
all parties who, at the commencement, had been share-
holders, might make the same b3ast as Mr. Bingley, that
they had been liable for it to the full extent of their
property.—(Cheers and laughter.) lie had no wish to

the 19th of October, 1837, that' Mr. Addis became
the holder of 25 shares, which were made up to
250 shares in 1841, in order to qualify him for the
Direction.
Mr. WinE said these statements were not correct.
It was impossible Mr. Addis could take any shares
from the Company in 1841, as they had all been
issued. He purchased them in the market.
Mr. BINGLEY said he might hare taken them at
the first, when others did. He was only placing be-
fore them the relative position of himself and the
other candidate. Mr. Bromley, in 1840, only held
twenty-one shares, and it was only on the 13th
of December last, that he qualified for a Director.

The letter of Mr. Butler was dated on the 15th of
December, and it was only on that day he qualified
' to be a Director. He was not depreciating either the
influence, the talent, or the respectabily of any gen-
tleman; he had not a word to say against Mr.
Addis ; it was the principle that he deprecated. The
resignation of Mr. Harman was dated the 12th of
December, and did not reach the office till that day;
on the 13th the circulars of Mr. Addis, appeared.
Ho deprecated the proceeding by which Mr. Addis
must have received his peculiar information. He had
been eight years the Chairman of the Committee ; he
bad never missed an attendance, had canvassed every
quarter of the town; he had attended all the meet-
ings of the Sub-Committee ; and if one thing more
proved it than another it was that the Society was
established by the exertions of this Committee, they
were the instrument by which it became firmly es-
tablished, and when a particular crisis arrived,
he thought it would only have been kind and consi-
derate in the Direction towards the Committee, if not
personally to himself, to have supported those who
had chiefly contributed to the formation of the Com-
pany. Now that the capital and the exertions of the
licensed victuallers had quite succeeded they could
find gentlemen to join them. But let them bear in
mind that if they ever lost sight of the great prin-
ciple that it was the licensed victuallers by whom the
Association was established, and that if they ceased
to be interested in it, it would prove a great injury.
The licensed victuallers were not to be excluded from

detract from Mr. Bingley's merits, but it was right Oat
they should be made aware that Mr. Bingley had not
risked more than any other man. Ile had adverted to
Mr. Bingley's having been returned as a Director by the
Committee. The services which Mr. Bingley had rendered
in that capacity were invaluable.—(Cheers.) Mr.
Bingley, as the representative of the Committee, had
been indefatigable in his attention to the business of the
institution, and, as far as his influence went, it had been

exercised in their favour.—(Cheers.) Mr. Bingley had
talked about their kicking down the ladder which had
_ .

raised them up. Now it seemed to him that Mr. Bingley
was anxious to kick down the Committee.—(Cries of
" No, no.") He had been returned to the Board of
Directors by the Committee. Had he any fears as to
his re-election ? (Cheers.) Why did he not appeal to
the gratitude of the Committee ? Was it not as honour-
able to be returned by the Committee as to be returned
by the Proprietary ? (Cheers.) The Committee was
composed of twenty-tour gentlemen, who possessed the
exclusive right of returning three of their own body to
take their eats at the Board of Directors, and who pos-

sessod all the powers and privileges of Directors, while
in their election the Proprietary had no voice at all.
The Committee had acted most judiciously in the sekc-'
lion which they had made, and he would appeal to the
Cotnmittee to return Mr. Bingley again out of gratitude
for the services which he had rendered to the institution,
and
,he would ask Mr. Bingley whether, under all the
circumstances, having at heart the extension of the in-
stitution, such a course would not be the most proper
that could be adopted? Within the last ten months of
the past year they had effected upwards of one million
and a quarter of insurances against tire-three-fourths
of those insurances had been brought to the office by the
public, and the other fourth by the licensed victuallers.
Was it right then that they should throw overboard the
public ? Ile had never heard anything of overthrowing
the originators of the Institution. The idea was absurd.
Why, six members of the Board of Directors were
licensed victuallers. There was their worthy Chairman,
a licensed victualler—(Cheers)—there was Mr.. Game,
a most amiable and excellent man, and who had been
of the greatest possible utility to the Institution.—
(Cheers). There was their excellent friend, Mr. Float.
(Cheers.) There was Mr. Bingley, with all his talents

it, or to be told that they had no right to ask ;tieh a
position in the Committee till there should be a

vacancy by the death or resignation of one of the
Directors already attached to the licensed victuallers
body, but that till then the licensed victuallers
must rest upon their oars. The licensed
victualler might become a member of the Com-
mittee. He might be a dog to fetch, but he
must not raise his views ; he must not assume the
plumage of the peacock—he must not raise his views
to the Director's chair. Such doctrine he, for his
own part, never heard without heartily deprecating it,
because he conceived it an insult to the trade which
had been the foundation of this Society ; because it
in effect said to a licensed victualler, you may become
a member of the Committee—so far shalt thou go, but
no further. Upon the last occasion he was eulogised
because he had not gone to the ballot, and he then in-
dulged a hope that he stood well with the electors, and
that he would have their iLterest at the next election.
It had been said that when a vacancy occurred among
the Direc:ors, who were connected with the trade,
then, and then only—(Dissent)--should a Proprietor
who was a member of the trade offer himself as a can-
didate. Was not Mr. Harman connected with the
trade vHad he not been connected with a brewery at
Croydon ?--(Hear, hear, and cries of " Not at the
time of his election.") According to that doctrine,
the licensed victualler must wait till Mr. Float or Mr.
Game was removed from the Direction-, either by death
or resignation, before any one of their members could
present himself to the Society as a candidate for a seat
among their Direction. Was that to be borne by the
licensed victuallers ? Eulogies had been passed by
some of the gentlemen who preceded him on the pre-
sent occasion, upon the licensed victuallers. He
delighted at all times to hear such eulogies, because
he believed that no body of men deserved them better
—no class of men better performed their duty to the
State amid to society at large than licensed victuallers,
aild therefore it was that he deprecated their being ex-
cluded to make room for a timber-merchant, a corn-
merchant, or in fact any man with the title of mer-

and energy.—(Cheers). Thei:e was Mr. Walter, a
gentleman entitled to the highest praise, and a holder
of five hundred shares—(Cheers). And there was Mr.
Fergusson.—(Cheers). No.v, looking to the position
which they held as a Licensed Victuallers and General
Insurance Society, he would ask, had the licensed vic-

tuallers any reason to think that there existed any in-
tention to swamp them, when they saw six such men
sitting at the Board of Directors ?—(Cheers). Of
the fire insurances he had already stated, that
two-thirds had been brought to the office by the
public, and the remainder by the licensed victuallers.
Then, with regard t:.) the Life Department. Of the
life policies, he was going to say, that five-sixths, but
he might certainly affirm that four-fifths of all the
business in the Life Department had emanated from the
public, and the other fifth from the licensed victuallers.

Why did he mention these things ? Not in disparage-
ment to the Licensed Victuallers, but because he felt

convinced that these statements vvould rouse in ther;;;

greater feeling of energy, and would cause them to say,
" We must go on, and not allow the public to do all."—
(Cheers.) He would now say one word with regard to
the important step they had taken during the past year
—one, he believed, of the most important strides any in-
stitution had made of late years.—(Cheers.) They had
determined to issue 30,000 new shares, and he (Mr.
Alderman Musgrove) was prepared to tell them, that
out of those 30,000 shares, between 15,000 and 20,000 had
Leen taken and)paid for at a premitua.—(Loud cheers.)

S
And this, still further, he was prepared to state, that out
)of the number taken, four-fifths were by the public, and
not by licensed victuallers. Ile himself had already al-
lotted between 500 and GOO shares—not to himself—
but to some of his friends whom he had persuaded to take
them. Now, thoSe present at the meeting must allow
him to say, that they could not do a greater service to
thc Institution than by prevailing on their friends to
take a few of the new shares.—(Cheers.) Such pro-
ceedings would place them on a pinnacle that could never
be thrown down.—(Cheers.) In all he had said he was
anxious to steer an even course. He had said nothing
in favour of Mr. Addis, or in disparagement of Mr.
Bingley, and he was sure, if they did not elect him, it
would be from no disrespect to him. Mr. Addis was a
man of influence, and would devote it to the benefit of
that Institution.—(Cheers.)
Mr. BINGLEY said a few words in explanation.
The CHAIRMAN then took a show of hands, and de-
clared the numbers to be as follow : •
For Mr. Addis
For Mr. Bingley
Majority- fir Mr. Addis —4B
The CHAIRMAN then declared Mr. Addis to have been
chosen a _Director, upon which
Mr. 13iscr.}:v demanded a ballot.
Mr. WIRE said lie could not adopt that course. He
Must get 25 shareholders of 12 months' standing to de-
mand one for him.

TILE CURRENCY.

TO THE 'EDITOI? OF THE SU2V.
Sia,—l am glad to perceive that you are turning
your attention to the currency, and that other able
persons are doing so likewise.
The effect has already been the dealing heavy blows
to the preposterous " metallic currency".illusion ; but
I regret to observe, that two enormous errors* still
pervade the reasonings of those who have made the
greatest advances in the right direction.
The least of these is, the confining the term "cur-
rency" to the Bank notes and specie in circulation,
overlooking the fact that bills of exchange form, in
truth, the main part of our circulating medium, a
part so vast, that all others sink into insignificance.
It can scarcely he requisite to prove that these
bills are as strictly a part of our circulation,
as a Bank note of 1001. Their conversion into
cash cannot, indeed, be enforced before a cer-
tain date, but practically they are exchanged as
often as bank notes of equal amount. Every
commercial man is accustomed to see bills with
halt a dozen endorsements indicating as many pay-
ments and. transfers. In fact, while a million in bibs
changes hands and effects transfers nearly as readily
as a million in 1001. Bank notes, the number of millions
represented by bills immensely exceeds those repre-
sented by bank paper.
The second, and more important and fatal error, is
the admission of depreciation in paper currency.
Now such depreciation is impossible, except from
doubts of the solvency of the issuers.
If a bank or a State issues any given amount of
paper, and the holders do not believe in the power
(America compels one to ,add inclination), of the
issuer to pay what has been promised, the paper
becomes- depreciated in the ratio of doubt—if the
holder-expects to get only 90/. for the promised 100/.,
the paper is depreciated 10 per cent. ; if he looks but
for 60/. the depreciation is 40 per cent. • •

The demand for the ballot was then signed on behalf
of Mr. Bingley by the required number of shareholders
(25), but on being checked by the bo9ks,•three were
found not to be qualified to sign the document.
Mr. WIRE said three names being unqualified, he
should, as Solicitor to the Company, advise the Chair-
man not to accept it, it being un imperfect demand.
Mr. BINGLEY contended that, a demand having been
put in, signed by twenty-five shareholders, he ought to
go to the ballot.

The CHAIRMAN adduced the practice of the City elec-
tions for Members of Parliament, where a demana of a
poll for each of the candidates must be delivered by one
of the Livery.
After some conversation on this point,
The CHAIRMAN declared Mr. Addis duly elected to
serve as a Director for the same period as Mr. J. Har-
man would have been in office. He trusted that before
another vacancy Mr. Bingley would divest himself of the
office of Committee-man, it being his (the Chairman's)
opinion that he would not, even had he gone to the
ballot, been eligible to serve as Director.
_ _

But this is the only possible case of " depreciation"
—the change in the value of no commodity whatever
can " depreciate" the paper.
This the least reflection will show : cotton may
have fallen 20 per cent, and sugar risen as much,
since a Bank note was issued ; and shall we say that
the note is " depreciated" because it will not purchase
as much sugar as it would have done on the day of
issue ? If so, we must say that it is appreciated,
or enhanced in value, because it will buy more cotton,
i. e., that the same note is, at the same moment, " de-
preciated and appreciated, diminished and increased
in value!"
If not with cotton and sugar, neither with gold or
silver; all are alike commodities and subject to the
same laws of increase or diminution of value, accord-
ing to the ratio of demand to supply.
The whole blunder arises from a loose and unphi-
losophical mode of thinking and expression. People
see the relation of two articles, in point- of value,
altered, and fancy that it is a matter of indifference,
whether they say that " A has risen," or that " B
has fallen ;" and thus, because gold, being in exces-
sive demand during the war with France (for pay-
ment of troops, &c., &c.) rose in price, the currency
writers immediately talked about the .paper being
" depreciated !"

Mr. ADDIS returned thanks for the proud situation in
which they had placed hiM, and he could assure them
that nothing should be wanting on his part to do all that
hi) possibly could to promote the prosperity of the Soci'ety.
Mr. BINGLEY having returned thanks to the gentlemen
who had supported him,
A vote of thanks to the Chairman was moved and car-
ried by acclamation, and the meeting broke up.

Would these gentlemen, in case they had two chil-
dren of like size, and that at the end of two year;
they had found the one six inches taller, and the
other only three, assert that the latter wit's diminished
or " depreciated" in height ? The truth'is, that it is
impossible to find an immoveable standard: Metals,
precious stones, corn, labour—all are liable to fluctua-

iion in their value relative to other commodities. A
general average of the whole might possibly be ap
proximated to, although a task of enormous labour,
difficulty, and nicety.
I will, however, venture to assert, contrary to the
fancy of the vast body of currency writers, that the
paper of a State, regarding which no doubt of sol-
vency exists, is less liable to fluctuation, and ap-
proaches nearer to the abstract idea of the unit of

comparison than any metal whatever. A Bank note
for 1001. (or a good bill of exchange for that amount)
will, for example, at the time of issue, command
in the market a certain amount of manual labour, of
cotton, sugar, meat, &c., &c.

Let us suppose, for example, that it will command
the following articles :—viz., 200 lbs. weight of flour,
200 lbs. of meat, 200 lbs. of butter, 200 lbs. of iron,
200 lbs. of oak timber, 200 lbs. of copper, 200 lbs.
of sugar 200 yards of linen, 200 days of the labour of
an unskilled labourer, and fifty days of the labour of
a skilled artisan.

Let us now imagine that the money Value of half
these things
.advanced 10 per cent., that the other
half decreased in value in a like ratio—the 100/. note

would purchase the same intrinsic value.
If a greater proportion than a moiety rose or fell in
value, the command would be somewhat varied; but,
as probably the balance might be restored by the
change in the smaller number, exceeding in ratio
that of the major number, in an opposite direction,
the actual command might remain nearly unal ered.
I am, Sir, yours, with best wishes,
BEIRNIARD.

A SCENE in the FRENCH CHAMBERS

CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES-SITTING OF DEC. 30,

The Chamber met this day for the choke of Vice-
Presidents, and for the definitive constitution of the
Chamber. After the election of the Vice-Presidents,
Lafitte, who, as the senior member of the Cham-
ber, had acted as pro tem. President, addressed the
Chamber as follows : Gentlemen, called for
the second time to the honour of presiding over
you, I will not abuse the privilege of my
age and my functions. The sorrowful' reminis-
cences which I feel in this place would perhaps
lead me to speak to you of my appre-
hensions for the future, whilst I would only wish at
this moment to express to you my thanks for the kind-

ness of which you have given me a fresh proof; but,
in the presence of a situation which does not appear
without danger, my conscience obliges me to tell you
what France expects of you. In the course of your
session, besides the official programme of your
labours, opportunities will offer themselves for ex-
amining if our late illusions and our fortune will be
engulfed in the abyss which opens at onr very doors
—(lnterruption)—whether the struggle entered on
in various localities--(Oh, oh)—between the Go-
vernment and the elective powers does not contain
within itself the seeds of a struggle still more
grave between the two principles which, for four-
teen years, we have laboured to conciliate—(Loud
exclamations from the Centre)—if the artificial calm
created on the surface of the country—(Ah, ah) —be
sufficient for our dignity—(Oh, oh)—whether dis-
order and anarchy are not at the foundation of our
situation—(Murmurs from different parts of the
Chamber)—and whether good faith and rectitude in
the administration of public affairs are not preferable
to the resources of venality—to a traffic in corruption.
--(Loud interruption from the Centre, and a Member
loudly called " Order, order.")
M. Lafitte—l consider that my age, my chiracter,
and my position, give me a right to speak the truth
when I consider it useful.—(Marks of assent from the
Gauch6.)
M. Lafitte—l shall not carry my lave:tigations
any further.
A voice from the Centre exclaimed, " 'lhat will be
no misfortune;" and another voice fio:n the Left
called on the interrupter for silence.
M. Lafitte—l will not carry my invesfgarons any
further ; but bear in mind that lactic)t s de away,
Ministries are changed, systems become xhausted,
and wet Gentlemen, we remain responsible for the
obstacles which the country meets with in the deve-
lopement ofthose resources •1 power and of prosperity
which it ought to expect from the Revolution of July.
—(Loud murmurs from the Centre, and approbatory
exclamations from the Left.)
M. Lafitte then said—" I now invite the President
and the Definitive Secretaries to take their places ;"
and returned to his usual scat in the Chamber.
A voice from the Centre—" A la bonne heure."

M. Sauzet, the President, then addressed the Cham-
ber, amidst the most profound silence; and after
thanking the Chamber for the honour they had done
him in electing him again to fill the honourable
office of President of the Chamber, he concluded thus
—" The first session has fulfilled its work—let the
second do the same ; let the Chamber concur in it
with the Bureaux by the good order of its delibera-
tions, the prompt and wise distribution of its labours,
that no salutary idea may be lost sight of, that no one
moment be lost; let us know how to show what may
be expected from an intelligent and powerful nation,
and thus merit the gratitude of the country.
'The President then declared the Chambers to be
constituted, and proposed to vote the usual thanks to
the Member, who, from his seniority, had temporarily
presided
Some voices from the Centre here excla'm 01-,
oh !" and " No, no !" and others from the Let',
" Consult the damber."
President—l demand that the thanks be voted : s
usual to the members of the provisional bureau.—
(Oh, oh.) There is no opposition to the vote.
A voice from the Left—" Yes, there is op; osltior,
Consult the Chamber."

President—l again demand that thank; be votel to
the Provisional Bureau.—(Yes, ycs). Tht re i 3 no
opposition.—(No, no.) The thanks are vote I.—
(Loud murmurs and exclamations from the Left.)
The Chamber soon after adjourned.

THAMES TUNNEL.—The number of persons who
passed through the Tunnel last week was 37,114.
LIEUTENANT MUNRO.--It does not appear that the
statement which has been put forth by several of the
papers with something like authority, namely, that
Lieut. Munro would surrender this session and take his
trial at the Old Bailey, has any foundation or truth in
it. ' No notice of any such intention has been given to
the officers of the Central Criminal Court, nor is it
likely, under nil the circumstances, that there will be.

SPHUr of the PUBLIC JOURNALS

. 1 IRELAND.
INAUGURATION OF THE NEW LORD MAYOR.
MUM TILE 'MORNING PAPERS OF U'IIIS DA y. TIIE STATE PROSECUTIONS.
TIDIES.—We have really been so mud' amused at a New Deurex, JA N. I.—This day the Lind Mayor for the cur-
Year's manifesto by one of our contentporarit s that we feel i rent year (Timothys O'Brien, Esq.) was sworn into office with
bound to rescue it from the obseutity in which its own limite the usual formalities.
limited the
circulation might otherwi•e leave it, by offering it the ad 1
- The members of the Corporation proceeded to the Assembly-
house in state, and after some preliminary prceecdings,
tional notoriety of our own columns. Our Contemporary ap ~
pears to be in a state of revolution; it has changed its size—it Ilse late Lerd Mayor, Oconee Row, Esq., tose and ad-
has changed its managers; it appears conscious of having c dressed the as embly at seme length. He commenced by say-
(" not essentially ") changed its politics; it has, if we mistake le he felt it his duty to render an account of his steward-
ship for the past year ; and, after adverting -to some topics
not, changed its type (at least we recognise here and there in
of local interest, he observed that he regretted much toktid
its columns the familiar letters of an Evening Contemporary),
himself opposed to the majority of the house on a question
and out it comes," spick and span," on New Year's-day to payls
which had been discussed by it ; but while lie could net concur
its readers the compliments of the season in its new dress., T t
in the opinion of the majority, still he fi It that the discussiun
first words are its own name, "Ab Jove prineipium." ' he
-- • of the repeal of the union was a perfectly constitutimeel
Morning _Herald having_ lately changed its proprietors and
and justifiable one in that house. The manner in which that
managers, we deem it right, at the commencement of the pre-
discussion was conducted elicited the approbatiou of all stilts
sent year, to announce to our readers the principles upon which
the paper will be henceforth conducted." These annoucce-
were present or had heard if it. There was no ill-temper
,
exhibited on either side, and the question was disposed of
tricots of principles are very dangerous things. Few people ' e ithout probing in that House the sligleest feeling of
court them, and those who do are very apt to burn their fingers. ill-will. The next topic to n Inch he said he shoeld advert
Placemen in posse do, because they wish to gain the confidence
might be considered to have grown wit of ilea di cus.sien—Le
of an office-bestowing -"Government, and can only do so as meens the vending State trials. He tasked upo n th• rn with
pledged men. Premiers in es.ee do so, because their friends
tee deepest anxie'y ; and s free consideringeonelus d the subject in
cannot know how to support them if they don't. Members of
i:s bearings, he hail come to thi in
of the that it
Parliament in mile do, becanse there they are on the hustinge,
all
and have to state ca,egorically what merits or opinions of their would be for the benefit of the country--nay,
United Kingdom at large—thofat these trials should
own have brought them there. But urine of the sober men of
net take place.—( Loud cries " Hear, hear.") Ile felt
the day like it. Look at Sir Robert Peel He parts with his
opinions as if they were so much gold. ilea that they would produce excitement and agitation, and lead
that he can't bear to let them drop out e Lives them so dearly
to all the evils consequent upon such a state. —(llear, hear. )
t' ins mouth ; and if he
does, he takes them up again awl whips them iota h.s rocket
Sorely, in the midst of such agitation as these trials would lead before we have hail time to be sure what thee are. . And we to, the country could not apply itself to the promo:ion of com-
t fierce or agriculture. Ile would frankly tell the assembly than
frankly admit that we do not warder at it. "l'o the most hones after being in communication with men of all parties since the
sure to prove embarrassing. Explained b the cumstare
and straightforward man abstract prefes,ioi s o: i roiviple ase
prosecutions had commenced, he firmly believed it to be the
y e es
general desire that the agitation • f the country should be pre-
of the moment, the known opinions of the
speakirer, aeil the
understood requirements of the hearer, they
it, very well to can-
vented by the abindonment of these trials.—( Hem.. ) He felt
vey a true impression in conversation or an after-dinner slime:h.' extreme delicacy in saying anything that might be considered
trenching upon the Administration of the land, which he felt to
But when liable, as such public declaration; are, to Le noted be sacred ground ; but he considered that an expression of
down, treasured up, and produced at some future period, under
circumstances to which they were never intended or tinder-
public feeling, under all the circumstances, would be calculated
stood to apply, with a demand for literal pt•rf winance, they are to serve the country. He would, therefore, urge such an ex-
about the most unmanageable and unreasonable enemies tfiat a pression of public feeling, praying her Majesty to take
the question of the state of Ireland into consideration, to
statesman in an electioneering town can well leave behind him.
What in the world, then, we asked ourselves, can our. Contem-
appoint a Committee, if neressary, of the whole House
porary mean by this sudden and apparently gratuitous exposure of Commons, to ascertain the cause of discontent
ich unhappily prevailed.—( Hear, hear.) It was admitted
of its inmost heart? Is New Self go ng to throw Old Self by e e
asi there were grounds for discontent, and, witheut more
overboard ? In plain words, is there a rat in the case ? Te . particularly alluding to them, he should mention the system of
suspicion was half rebutted and half confirmed, but our wonder nentraliz Aims as one. He held in his hand a document, pub-
was scarcely abated by the next sentence which we read :
fished by order of the House of Commons, in which it neared
" They (the principles aforesaid) will not esse,tially differ
that the Commissioners of Woods and Fits received
from those which have been espoused by the Morning Herald 648,0091. in this country, and only expended 117•10 120,0001.,
for sense time past, viz., the principles td moderam Consetva- leaving a balance of half a million spent out of the country,
tism in Church and State." " Not essentially " Well. then, nhich it was raised, for the advantage of England.--
we get rid of a few uncomfortable artich sin the Morning fromHea. ) He mentioned this solitary fact torshow sere were
Hera:d, Senior, which might have embarrassed Us. • "nlode- great and numerius grounds for discontent. As a mercantile
rate Conservatism,"—that may be made in the course of the men, he felt that the agitation and excitement that would
next year and a half to embrace anything between Lord John be produced by the State prosecutions would retard the in-
Russell and Lord Winchilsea. On the whole, the readers of flux of capital and all improvement for a considerable time.
this paragraph will not gather much b yond the fact ISu,pose that complete success should at tend these
that the writer had no great wish to -be hampered by the prosecutiens—would it be calculated to allay the irritation and
past or for the future. But to proceed into partieulars, discontent of the country ?—(Cries of •" No, no.") Suppose,
The theology of the paper is to be consonant to. that of the
ags ain, there should be a verdict of acquittal, would that restore
" great body of divines" of the English Chureh, fie ru Hooker neare?—( No, no.) If, on the other hand, as was apprehended,
downwards. This again is somewhat of the vaguest, and will it would be a drawn battle, would that tend to any possible
do, not indeed correctly, but plausibly for wed:leg between good—would it allay there,
angry feelings which had been ex-
Laud or Andrewes on the one hand, and Tillotson or Werbur- cited ? No man could say, what the consequences would be
ton—perhaps even Newton or Cecil—on the other. Like I should these prosecutions be pressed on. —( Hear, hear.) His
everybody else, our Contemporary is unfavourable to what he Lordship concluded xpressing a hope that the majority of
considers," extreme High Church views;" but. where modera- that house would binpetiton her Majesty to grant an amnesty for
tion ends and extremity begins is left for future etresideration, the past, and take steps to remedy the grievances cf Ireland.—
On the poor-law our Contemporary is rot less jedicious in'his (Loud "cm.)
sentiments. Under the law of Elizabeth we me talc(. " Eng-
land has reared up an industrious and t ffieieet ',urination er I the address he had delivered w. s to be taken simply as his own Aldo man Bov se ( Conservative) asked his Lordship whether
Borne labourers;" but that law was abused, and amendment be- . a ntimsnts e
came really desirable. "At the seine time when a system is 1 The LORD MAYOR replied in the affirmative.
introduced which, instead of recoguising the right of the un-
happy pauper to relief, treats him as an Intruder upon society, Alderman BOYSE again rose, and proposed a most compli-
if not as a criminal, we are dispeecir Well, what are wereentary vote of thanks to the Lord 'Mayor, for the admirable
and impartial discharge of his duties.
" disposed" to do on this alarming hypothesis s To do battle, Alderman Sir JOHN POWER, Bart., said he felt the highest
tooth and nail, against the unrecogneed right of the pauper— gratification in secondieg the motion, vihich passed unanimously,
to expose abuses--denounce false principles—Leant INltiiisters amidst the warmest plaudits.
—urge petitions—exhort electors—confine fillaeies? • Nuthing The Lord Ma.,•or then retired.
of the sort—. We are dispose Ito look with don, ton its wiss The Lord Mayor elect, Timothy O'Brien, Esq., was then
dont, and to watch its administration te'ile the utmost lea- worn in with the usual formalities, and took his seat as Lord
lousy." No one, certainly, will think that this pledge is likely Mayor. Soon after the Council adjourned.
to be very embarrassing to its melon Let the 'menial of the The procession which accompanied the new Lord Mayor
poor-law fall how it may, our Contemporary nil; not• break his consisted of a great number of priva'c carriages, headed les a
head against it. But the sliding scale is left in a still norealarm• nelitar3 band,
ing state of unstab'e equilibrium. Was the Mos niees Herald IMPORTATION OF FIRE-ARMS.
frightened by the false report of Lord Hardeicke's sk eerie...Alen , A letter, ef which the following is a copy, has been addressed
it could bear to be so very backward in " backing its friends," to the agent of the British and Irish Steam-packet Company,
as it shows itself in the following most unsatisfaetory sentinice : Eden quay :
The adjustment of the corn-laws upon the modified slidine
scale of Sir Robert Peel is an experiment, to which Te think
that a fair trial should be given. We (Iqt-team frequent and
hasty change in financial matters; but most - wrongly
do we condemn that restless agitation which tends to dis•
turb the public mind, create panic in tin commercial
world, and destroy all confidence in the security of the law."
Not a word of approval of this most eminently Ministerial meas
sure—not a hint as to the probable duration which ':s to be
wished or expected for this " experiment." Oily our Con-
temporary advocates that most. uncertain advantage " a fair
trial"—" condemns restless agitation"—(l(•l recate:' " frequent
and hasty changes in financial matters," as every body el,e dries
in every other branch of human practice, arid I; c t l•rticeeils
with the same oracular caution through the varieus heads of
Irish and foreign politics, manufactures, and lase reform. Only
one somewhat unguarded expression a hypereeital eye might
notice—and that upon an incidental point where it is-arniable to
be enthusiastic. " With the progress of the reformed religion,"
says our Contemporary, "is associated not only all-the glory
and happiness of our own kingdom, but everything which is
great in the history of man,"—including, of course, Abraham,
!Moses, Nebuchadnezzar, Alexander, Julius Caear, Tamerlane,
Peter the Great, and the wall of China. Tie, is tint quite
historically true. But, with this excetebm, we mini' do nothing
but approve. We will only venture to regret that such a con-
fined application has been made of a formula whishe,Ceurs hilt
in one paragraph of the article, but titan which noddle, could
have been-more happily appropriate as a begirming.anSending
of the whole composition. " We need scarcely say,' says our
Contemporary ; " You need not, indeed," we cannie help re-
plying; and we are irresistibly pushed on to add, n ait why
in the world did you?" Yet we cannot regret a composition in
which the coy dignity of a maiden Queen addressing her first
Parliament is so gracefully compounded with the mysterious
caution of an experienced Minister. We will evert hoee that
our Contemporary will continue his annual eshibitioe of a
counter Queen's speeds (the imitation is obvious), de'ailing to
the world with the same majesty his probable course for the
next twelvemonth. It would be a tievelty in news, aeer his-
tory, and we think might tell-sat least no worse than some I ite
vagaries of our resuscitated friend.
POST.—Our Ministerial Contemporary, the Herald, has
once more changed its shape. It has ceased to be-""perma-
nently enlarged." The Ileraid's " principles," 11/riveter, will,
we are assured, be hereafter v,-ry much what they have been
heretofore. These will undergo neither '.' permanent enlarge-
ment" nor contraction. They will remain, we presume, in a
state fit for the application of either pro este They will prove
as " stretchable(" in short, hereafter as they have proved in
time past. Of the corn-law of 1842 the l'erabl, in his new
confession of faith, discoursed' in the follewin•s strain:—
" The adjustment of the corn-laws upon the m :Aim' sliding
scale of Sir Robert Peel is an experiment to which we wisn that
a fair trial should be given." A fair trial given to the cern-
law of 1642! Why, the Resold ham, ever sense the pass-
ing of that law, prononnced it to be the eoniumma ion of
political wisdom ! And is that admirable law to be
now described as merely an " exreritnent ?" 'I he
corn-law of 1842 was, as the Herald has a thousatel
times proclaimed, " a settlement of the glued:in ;" yet
from that " settlement" the Herald, leokieg to Ministers
(whom, according to the measure of his feebleness our ('on-
temporary flatters), desires now to escape. Ministers dread
the League, and that base fear may soon induce M.nisters to
abjure the policy ill protection in prac:ice, as they have al.
ready abjured it theoretically. The Herald naturally longs
to be free to follow it: patrons. Four years ag i the Herald
advocated a protective policy so strinsent as to amount al•
most to a policy prohibitive of the use of foreign labour. For
two years the herald bas mouthed the modified free trails dee-
trines of Sir Robert Peel and Mr. Gladstone. For two years
the Herald has sought to defend free trade doctrines, when
these have been assailed by the Post—and yet, derirg the
whole of the same period, the herald has been al•usieg free
trade doctrines when advecated by Mr. Cobden. This process
of blowing hot and cold must have 1 roved awkward work.
The Herald is naturally anxious to escape f urn it, and
to prepare for the assumption of a place in the tanks
of orthodox free traders. The Herald has, for a lone
time, trumpeted forth League doctrines—the 1. irced will',
doubtless, speedily be employed in trumpeting the
praises of the League itself. Ot the daily tires., only the He-
rald and the Standard have supported the industrial pulley of
Ministers. This unity of view would seem to ha'i'e led the way
to union of a closer kind. These worshippers of the wisdom
of Peel and Gladstone have, at length, been joined together.
The morning and the evening song of sycophancy teal now be
more harmonious than ever. As Ministers, moreover, shall
approximate towards the League, so will the Standard become
more and more impregnated with the spirit of that benevolence
by which all Leaguers—whether Ministers or millowners—are
animated ; and as the Peel of 1843 is, in the Standard'sjudg-
ment, the wisest of Ministers, while the Peel of 1829 was pro-
nounced, on the same authority, to be the basest Of traitors, so
rosy the Bright of 1845 appear to our Contemporary an angel
of light, although the Bright of 1843 has been described by
him as among the vilest of mankind. Whv, in short, should
Standard and Herald quarrel with the League? Herald
and Standard have, for two years, been doing the League's
work. It is time that they openly wore the League's colours.
Let Ministers give the word, and these colours will forthwith
be " sported" by our lofty-minded Contemporaries!

- " Metropolitan Police-office, Dublin Castle,
December 28, 1843.
" Sir,—The Commissioners of Police have directed me to
acquaint you, for the information of your Board of Directors,
that it is considered necessaar and has been directed by Go-
vernment, that the police shall inspect on arrival, and while
Wading, the portion of the shipping in the port of Dublin, cud
under the uninterrupted superintendence of officers of Customs,
with a view to the more effectual prevention of the clandestine
imporiat ion of fire-arms; and that therefore the inspectors of
police have been ordered to make this inspection, in pursuance
of the power given by the Dublin Police Act, 5 Victoria, c. 24,
see. 23 ; but that in the performante of the duty they have been
directed to avoid the adoption of any steps calculated to inter•
rapt she commerce of the port, or cause unnecessary inconve-
nience to passengers or other persons in the vessels inspected,
towards whom the officers will demean themselves with due
courtesy.

Mr. S. Cotterell, one of the victims slain in the
affray at New zealand, was the son of Mr. F. Cotterell, of this
city, a member of the Society of Friends. It is stated on the
best authority that ho took rto'part in the affray, except as an
" unarmed peace maker;" that, during the whole of his so-
journ in New Zealand, h was on the best terms with the na-
tives; and the very last letter received from him here mentions
the pleasure he experienced in having acquired sufficient the
native language to be enabled to converse with the maeries.
on religious subjects, and thus to benefit them in the Ifghest
sense. He wanted only a month of tsenty•Lur sears of age.
—Bath Journal.

CHRONOLOGY OF SPORTING EVENTS IN 18-13.
Ben Life in London of Sunday next, the ith•of January,
will consist of two folio stamped sheets of the ,Itlne size, the
second gratis ! comprising full and accurate Chronologies of
all the important Sporting Events of the year—lacing, Steeple
Chasing, Aquatic, Cricket, Trotting, Pedestrianisin, and Cie
Prize ring; all alphabetically and intellig bly arranged fur
immediate reference. Entries for the Derby, Oaks, and St.
Leger ; horses in training, trainers, and ;Lc,. sof training ; the
two-years-old and their engagements, &c. ; lormir:g a concen-
tration of intelligence invaluable to tl e sporting ei-eles. Price
of both sheets, td. Papers forwarded on transmission of 6,1 ,
or six Post-office stamps, to Mr. Clement, jean., 170, Strand. '
BODY OF A MAN FOUND IN THE PIDLIC ROAD.—
About six o'clock on Monday morniw2, as a oti!lt named
Wright, the son of a milkman of that name, residing at Nor-
wood, was proceeding along the road at Norwood Hill, he dis-
covered the body of a man lying across the ro id, completely
encased in mud, and his clothes torn almo t to tibbons. Wright
immediatelj raised an alarm, and the body was removed to the
George the Fourth public-house, opposite, to await a Coroner's
inquest. Nothing was found upon the bo.ly coal lead
to its identity. It has the appearance of being that or ono of
the superior order of mechanics, and is about 111,. mithit., age
and stature. During the night a man Lamed Tilly, who re-
sides in a cottage close to the place w here the bo,ly was found,
heard a voice say, " Come, an't you going to get up—do get
up, come," but supposing the noise proc'eded fiom some
drunken men, he took no further notice of it. . Dea It is sup-
posed to have been caused by ap,plexy, but it cant 't at present
be conjectured as to the manner in wl ich his chs.hing had been
so much torn.

I nm at the same time to refer you to a provision in the
27th section of the Arms Act (an abstract of which is sent
herewith), authorising passengers to import fire-arms usually
carried for personal defence or sporting on registering them
the
, with the chief officer of the port, and lam to suggest,,
the
consideration of your Board, the expediency u(onlopting some
means of making this provision known to persons taking berths,
&e., at the CoMpany's offices in England and Scotland, as the
obtaining of the information there may prevent inconvenience
to passengers, and any misunderstanding with respect to their
fire-arms on arriving here.
" The Commissioners have suggested to the Government
that this information might be best afforded to passengers in
the mail-packets by a printed note on the form of receipts
isgird on taking berths.-1 have the honour to be, Sir, your
obedient servant, "NV. STANLEY, Secretary."
FUNERAL OF V. MAHER, ESQ., AI. P.
Dxc. 28.—The remains of the late lamented
Valectine Maher, Esq., M.P., were removed from Turtulla
Ilou-e at twelve o'clock on Wednesday, a,tonded by a
numerous train of carriages, jaunting care, and gigs belonging
to the resident gentry of the surrcunding neighbourhood, to be
interred in the family burial place in Thurles churchyard. The
number of carriages exceeded thirty, and the cortege extended
from Turtulta gate 'to the town. Never was there in this
neiglibourhooht such a respectable and numerously attended
funeral. The most marked respret was paid to his memory—
all the shopa of the town of Thurles being closed from the time
of the melancholy occurrence of his death. There was a most
numerous -attentance of his tenantry, and a great number of
the clergy.— Tipperary Free Press.
The Tipperary fox-hounds did tot meet for the lest week, in
ennsequence of his death.

- •
EIRATot.-1.11 a paragraph yesterday, relative to
the departure of the India Mail—for " Maid" read " Mail"
ALARMING EXPLOSION OF GAS AT GREENWICH.—
La•t. night (Tuesday) shortly after dusk, the inhabitants of
the neighbourhood of Trafalgar-street, Greenwich, were much
alarmed by a mist terrific explosion of gas, which took place
under the premises occupied by Mr. G. Oxborough, tailor,
Ste., in the Trafalgar-read. It appears from what we could as-
certain upon the spot, that some difficulty was experienced by
the next doer neighbour of Mr. Oxborough in getting his gas
to ignite, and that consequently he sent a man down into the
basement of the premises to ascertain the cause of the difficulty,
when the pipe suddenly burst immediately underneath the floor-
ing of Mr. Oxborough's room, tearing away the wood work and
bursting up the counter. Thence it passed towards the ceiling,
and upset in i:s progress Mr. Oxborough and a female who was
sitting with him at work. The ceiling is torn from the lathing,
anti the shock was so violent, that the front wall wa• split by it
from the top to the bottom. Upon inquiring, last night, be-
tween ten and eleven o'clock, we were informed that Mr. Ox-
borough's injuries are but trifling, but that the female is so mu-
tilted, that she is considered in a very precarious state.
SINGULAR AND FATAL ACCIDENT BY THY KICK OF
A Cow.— Yt sterday afternoon Mr. Carter, Coroner for Sur-
rey, held an inquest at the Rose and Crown, Salisbury-lane,
Bermondsey-wall, on the body of Richard Creasy, aged fit;
years. It appeared by the evidence that the deceased was in
the employ of Mr. Edward Kelsey, cowkeeper and dairyman,
in East-lane, Bermondsey. On the morning of Saturday, the
9th ult., the deceased went as usual to milk his master's cows.
After so &dug he fed them, and whilst in the act of wiping his
shoes in the litter beneath the cows, one of them rushed against
him and knocked him down, and before he could recover him-
se:f another beast, whose propensity for kicking was well known
by dreeascd, struck him a violent blow on his head with her
hind hour, which laid him prostrate. A 'fellow-servant of de•
ceased immediately went to him.' and assisted him home, when
it %vat. asccrtcined that his skull had been fractured. Ile died
on the 25:11 ult. The jury returned a verdict of " Accidental
eeatli."

THE DISI CHANCES OF AUGUST, 184'2.—flier
CliancE AGAINST AN ALDERMAN OF LEI:Ds.— It will be
remembered that a statement, which excited a good deal of
public attention, recently appeared in the public prints, charg-
ing an alderman of the borough of Leeds, and a member of the
watch committee, with rot only being cognisant of the distur-
bances of 1842, previous to their commencement, but with
having been actually instrumental in producing them. The
statement was first made public by Mr. Joshua Hobson, pub-
lisher of the Northern Slur, and a member of the Town Coun-
cil, at a
public meeting held in Leeds a short time ago, and on
Monday the subject came under discussion in the Council,
where Mr. Hobson reiterated his statement, stating that the
Alderman seas named Bateson. From the exilanations of Mr.
Ho!lon, Mr. Bateson, and others, it appeared that the charge
had been preferred by a person named Smith, who hail been
made a bankrupt by Alderman Bateson, anti who, it was con-
tended, could not be believt don his oath. After a i.reat deal
of boisterous altercation, the Council decided that the matter
did not come within their jurisdiction.
Tile SALE OF LIEUTENANT MUNRO'S EFFECTS.—
The opinion of counsel upon Mr. Wakley's proceedings on the
late occasion of the attempted sale of Lieutenant Munro's
eff«;ts being adverse to the legality of the Coroner's right to
interfere, the auction has been re-announced to take place this
day and to-morrow. From circumstances which occurred at a
late hour last night it would appear, however, that the Hon.
Member in ends to contest the matter in spite of the lawyers.
Mr. Kirke (the auctioneer employed by Mrs. Munro) has,
it seems, been placed under the surveillance of the police for
some- days Fast, a sergeant and two officers of the B divi-
sion being stationed near his residence, so as to observe all
person; passing to and fro. Last night, shortly after seven
o'cl.,ek, Mrs. Munro arrived at Mr. Kirke's house in Bromp-
too-row. The carriage in which she rode drew up by the
roadside, and before Mr. Kirke could reach the door the
police had surrounded the vehicle, apparently with an in-
tention to ditcover who was inside. Mrs. Munro having re-
quested Mr. Kirke to let her have a small dressing-case which
had been left in his care, that gentleman returned to the !mow
fur it, and as he was handing it into the carriage, the police-
sergeant required to know " where that. box was going?' Mr.
Kirke replied that it belonged to Mrs. Munro, and he believed
that she was about to convey if to her mother's residence.
Having closely examined the t...se, the officer petmitted
Mr. Kirke to place it in the carriage: at the same time
directing hs brother officials to run off to the nearest stand and
call a cab to follow the vehicle. Mrs. Munro having emu-
-I,le.ed the purpose of her call, ordered the coachman to drive
home, and the cab not having arrived at this time, the ser-
geant, in the " performance of his duty," was compelled to fol-
low the carriage as fast as his legs could carry him down the,
Brompton-road ; the object being, it was stated, to wa't.i
where the box in question was conveyed. It intended to
proceed with the sale.
of
The military authorities are engaged,
a rtehde a 47iV34;
connected
with
m
young officers of the
The particulars of
L'i Dragoon Guards stationed in Dublin.htwhiethC4thme.ncaaseedoefr-ItCriheitefiluirnstveasntidgattrainvg the
factsl?
3'e
t inquiry has been directed in consequence
Sun. The present
of a meninx-la I forwarded by Harriet Hurst IQ the Duke&
ttrhaitseesaC)ef, th which
lie head Psolicc_ot2ice, broughtolce-otli cuen,der havet aelrenaodlyicaep.poef
Wellington.

PRESENT TO lIER MAJESTY.—EigIit frost iTtu-
tiful and pure-bred bant.ms (consisting of a e,;(:k anti three
herr, of gold, and the like number and description of silver
bantams), arrived at Windsor Castle on .:11or d:ty last, as a pre-
sent to the Queen, from W. IL Holcombe, ERE, (.4 Camptlen,
in Gloucestershire, a gentleman ttho has 'hug been c:elebratrd
for hi: peculiar breed of this tare and euii,us syrcies of do-
McitiCl/ircy,

Orbtrb t,lgotri.on

I\llE FUNDS77(CLOSING PRICES.)

BRITISH FUNDS.
Tl .nk Stock - 184 ;India Stock ...... —um
•,::• Cent. Red.
z; .31 ('ex.t. Cons. Ditto Old Annuities
' pir Cent. Red... 102% IDitto -New Annuities...
31 per Ccnt.... Ex. 111113, 1,60 W. I 63 )m
;v ,:v 5 per Con.
Low,i, A on:aides to expire ! Ditto Small ..... . 63
Jan. 1860 .. • 123 Bank Stock for Acct.
siet.
Jan. I'l6o ..... !Coniols for Opg.

FOREIGN FUNDS.
siastrian, 5 per cent , Portuguese, 5 per cent.
IteigEan 5 per cent
klr2.ailian Bonds -.... — !Prussian, 5 per c,:nt..
IS I_,nos Ayres 6 per cent ' Russian, 5 per cent.--
Cuilian, 6 per cent
—'Ditto, N fetal:lie.-- ....
C3.unibiau, 6 per cent — ;Spaniah, 5 per cent 22A
Ditto. 182-1 ;Ditto, 3 per cent ZOA
Cifia Bonds, 6 per cent. 11A Ditto, Deferred.... .
Danish, 3 per :ent — i French, 5 per cent. —f. --.
Greek, 1825, 5 per cent .:—. !Exchange .... —f —c.
Mexican, 5 per cent.... 323 :French, 3 per rant. —l. —e.
Ditto, t; per cent. 1837 Dutch, 21 percent. 541
Peruvian, 1895,6 perct. ;Ditto. 5 per cent.... 100 A
SH ARES.

Birmingham and Gloucester Railway (1000) 66
Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) 5Bl
Great North of England Railway (100 pd) 83A
London and Brighton (50 pa d) 44
London and Blackwall (161 13s 441 paid)
London and Croydon Railway (Trunk)
Ditto Scrip ( 5 paid) 94
Manchester and Leeds (70 paid)
Ditto New Shares (30 paid)
Midland Counties Railway (100 paid)
Ditto Quarter Seares (15 paid) 22
Ditto Fifths ( 2 paid) 2i
Northern and Eastern (45 paid)
Paris and Orleans (20 paid) ..
Paris and Rouen (20 paid). . . ' ' 324
Rouen and Havre ( 6 paid) 12i
South Eastern and Dover (50 paid)....... 30
Ditto Scrip (25 paid)
Yarmouth and Norwiah (13 paid)..... ...

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM TETE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.

GLOBE.—The " thorough" Tories have always
been emphatically the party of personal slanderers.
Addressing ignorance and prejudice, slander, of
course, is their readiest weapon. Tina " thorough"
democrats have ignorance and prejudice for their
audience in like manner—the distrusts and. grudges
of those who stand lowest in the scale, against all
above them—just as the " thorough" Tories address
themselves to the contempt of the vulgar great for
all below them. Nothing can be more natural, there-
fore, than the sort of coalition in (calumny esta-
blished between the Ferrands and Ilobsons—the
Standards and Northern Stars. We request our
readers to pay more attention than provincial and per-
sonal disputes for the most part can challenge, to the
report of proceedings in the Leeds Town Council. The
original subject of those proceedings was first brought
under the attention of London readers by a blazing
leading article of the Standard, showing up Leaguers
as described by themselves. The authority on which
the Standard proceeded was that of a certain Mr.
Joshua Hobson, a town councillor of Leeds (whom
the Standard promoted, of its own mere motion, into
an alderman), and publisher of the O'Connor Chartist
paper, the Northern Star. The charge against the
Anti-Corn-law party in Leeds, which the Standard
brought forward for the gratification of its Tory
readers, on the authority of its Chartist ally, was
reiterated as follows by Mr. Hobson—in a letter to a
Morning Contemporary :
" Some weeks 40, at a large public meeting in the town of
Leeds, I took occasion to relate a circumstance that had come
Mader my observation, with reference to the strike of 1842,
which seriously implicated the conduct of nn Alderman of
Leens, the said Alderman being a well-kno..vn Whig, a member
of the Anti-Corn-law League, and once a member of the
watch committee of the Common Council of Leeds.

" That circumstance was, that in the month of February,
1843, I received a certain letter from a Member of the
House of Commons, inclosed in a note to myself, desiring me
to make the following inquiries:—
" 1. Whether such a person as the one represented to be
the writer existed ; and
" Whether, if there was such a person, he was prepared to
maintain the truth of his statements ; and further, whether he
*al worthy of credence.
" The reason assigned by the Member of Parliament for
wishing these inquiries to be made was, that he was fearful the
letter was a hoax, intended to lead him into error.
" That the said letter purported to be written by a master
machine-maker in Leeds, name and address being given
" That the writer averred that some fortnight before
the strike occurred an alderman of Leeds, whose name was
mentioned, sent for him (the writer) and informed him that a
general strike would in a short time take place ; that when
it reached Leeds, he would greatly serve the cause if he
would turn the men employed in his machine-shop out, with a
hint to draw the plugs of the boilers ; that as the men were
mechanics, they would be useful in teaching others how to
draw the plugs ; and that they would also, if it were needful,
know how to blow the boilers up.
" These statements were said to bo made voluntarily, and
from just and patriotic mo'ives ; and the writer declared his
readiness to make oath as to their truth at the bar of the House
of Commons.

" That in accordance with the request to me I ascertained—
" I. That there was a master machine ►oaker of the name
and at the place set forth in the letter ; and
"2. That he bore a character for fair dealing, probity, and
honour."

Now we beg attention first to one simple considera-
tion, which does not seem to have occurred to the
" Member of the House Commons" (who turns
cut to be Air. Ferrand), nor to the Standard, nor to
the No, therm Star branch of the calumny coalition.
If this Anti Corn-law Alderman of Leeds, who is
thus said to have sent for a master machine-maker of
the same place—a man of fair dealing, probity, and
honour—really did send for a respectable fellow•r
townsman to propose such infamy to him—to serve the
cause by drawing the plugs of his boilers, and, ifneed-
ful, blowing the boilers up—ifthis extremely probable
proposition was made by one capitalist to another—and
accompanied with timely intimation that a pre-
meditated scheme for performing such operations
" would in a short time take place" in Leeds as else-
where, by the particular desire of the Anti-Corn-law
League—Forewarned, forearmed—u hat would the
machine-maker of fair dealing, probity, and honour,
have done ? If the impudent liars, who fabricate,
publish, and republish such things, .were not as stupid
as- impudent—if the Tory-Chartist coalition had an
ounce of brains, any more than a temple of honesty—
if their one Member of Parliament,
Their knight o' the shire, who repre,ients there all,

—were not, in gross swallow, as in foul tongue, pre-
cisely their fit representative—how could have
failed to occur to some of the crew, whether inven-
tors or retailers, that the tale stultifies itself—that
the man was a public criminal, who could keep it
secret, when notice to the local authorities, or the
Home Secretary, might have prevented the whole
outbreaking of August, 1842—who could bottle all
this up till February, 1843, and then only write
:t—to Mr. Ferrand--that famous depository for
authentic matters of fact from all quarters. The
story-teller, therefore, put hirnsch: out of court by his
own story. But it was not amiss to track him out
notwithstanding, and detect who he is. This is what
has been done by the discussion at the L eds Town
Council. It appears, then, that this Leads
Oates, who stores up conspiracies in lik.ttle for the
Tory-Chartist coalition, and whom iJ r. JoAlia 'Hob-
son, of the Northern Star, guarantees as a man of fair
dealing, probity, and honour—aceording to his esti-
mate of those qualities—is a certain William Smith,
a fraudulent bankrupt, who could net ohtain belief on
-his oath before the Bankruptcy Court-- but who has
been more fortunate in obtaining•. a witness to his
"probity" in Mr. Hobson of the N)rtleern S:ar, a
correspondent in Mr. Ferranti, Member fin- Enares-
borough, and a copyist in the editor of Ur! Strlndard.
STANDARD.—" A farmer," said 'Jr. Cobden, in
one of his late incendiary haranguer, " has four
sons; he can give his farm but to one --the other
three must go into trades. Ile has, therefore, three
times-as much interest in trlde as in agrieultur.'.."
The proper reply to this fallacy wai=s the questions—
into ;xliat trades were the three, young men to go ?
What trades or professions are there from which all,
without a command of money, are not excluded by
you monied capitalists? What trades ate there that
I'OU are not destroying by your gra'ping monopoly ?
lias it nut come to this, that in your unbridled lust

gain you now. seek to rob e.,en the litheu
the agriculturist, ar'l leave even the- fourth son
without a means of living ? The coin; etition among
the class of mere labourers is the liAtte,t and least
distressing competition of our day. Co into any
family, from the artisan or the petty retailer up-
wards, and ask how its younger members are to be
disposed of, and you will hear the same melan-
choly complaint, that the head of the family does
not know. His own trade or profession is already
overstocked ; as far as he can learn ail othe'r
trades and professions of corresponding rank are over-
Ftocked also; what is to become of his offspring ? He
cannot tell, for even the classes below him are suffer-
ing from the common repletion. This is a description
of the present state of society, which must he familiar
to every one. Is the evil beyond the reach of cure?
We trust not ; and we are ene waged to hope a remedy
possible, by a consideration that a very slight degree
i relief, would produce effects far beyond its seem-
ing jauenee, thai a subtraction of but a tenlh or a
twentieth from any class, profession, or trade,
3vould go far to place it in a healthy state, just as the
i,:king of a few ounces of blood frequently subdues a
fever. What is the remedy ? he Foreign and
colonial Quarterly tells us, colonisation—colonisation
which affords a twofold relief in its inception, relief to
those wha emigrate and relief to those who remain,
and which, in its completion secures to the empire a
twofold profit upon an indefinitely increasing com-
merce. The present relief afforded by judicious
golcmisation is far greater than at first sight
ma Appear. We have been led to reflect upon the
nmuei by what has offered to cur own experience.
Living in
,
a very narrow and sufficiently humble
circle, we have seen
within the last year or two,
14,m into the East India Company's army 10 or 12
Sung men, .of higher or )owe- Tank,
of different

1~%~ "t/

lic s

degrees of talent and education—some of noble
families, some of families less exalted, some. from
the Universities, some from schools, and all within
our own acquaintance. What would have been the
destiny of these young men, if the, Indian army,
now almost the only resource, had not been open.to
them ? Must they not have fallen back upon trades
or: professions, already choked by competition—ren-
dering by so much worse the state and prospects of
all already committed, to these trades and professions ?
But call these 10 or 12, 10,000 or 12,000—and in
the United Kingdom there must be more than twice
that number of young men of respectable rank
who would eagerly embrace opportunities like
those which our young friends gratefully received
as instances of good fortune, and surely you will do
much to lighten the competition at home. Open
your colonies however, and you will have even larger
;hafts than this upon your youth of all classes. The
benefit of such colonisation to the colonies themselves,
and through them to the empire at large, will be
great beyond calculation. Hitherto our colonisation
has proceeded upon a principle altogether erroneous;
we sent out none but the criminal, and destitute,
and ignorant ; this was to lay the founda-
tion, not of civilisation, but of immorality, ignor-
ance, and barbarism. A merely rude society—
which has never been anything but rude—may, and
often will refine itself, but the sifted offal of a country
—the people whom you send abroad because they are
intolerable at home—the' unhappy beings to whom
your civilisation has taught, at least, the theory of vice,
though circumstances, for which they envy and hate
you, have forbidden them the full indulgence of its
practice ; such offsets will only propagate the
disgraceful and corrupt part of civilised so-
ciety, and to their children's children they will be-
queath an undying hatred of those their first insulting
connection with whom must be a reproach for ever.
Such, however, were the early British colonists, and
lest their natural evil tendency should suffer any re-
straint, we sent them into the wilderness without any
instruction. There were 80 Church of England clergy-
men among four millions of the Americans before the
revolutionary war—that is, one to each of fifty thousand
scattered through the desert. To what the colo-
nists grew in the course of a century we have
painful knowledge; but to what else could they
grow ? The history of the first settlers is known ;
we left them as they wer?, and " like to like,"
says the proverb—the reinforcements that they
received from England were like themselves,
instead of that constant stream of affectionate
British feeling with which it would be the wisdom
of our country to supply. her colonies, the Ame-
rican colonies served as a sink to draw off whatever
was worthless, disgraced, or discontented in the me-
tropolitan state; and we had our reward. A better
system of colonisation seems to have arisen spon-
taneously in Upper Canada; the faithful few—
the men of religion, loyalty, and honour driven
from the southern provinces— the small hand of
American loyalists, laid the foundation of the
colony, and they invited to their society kindred
spirits from England, from the north of Ireland, and
from Scotland. These men saved the whole of the
British dominions in North America in the late
rebellion, and they show not only what class of colo-
nists ought to be selected, but also what is the value
of such citizens. It is but to keep the channel of colo-
nisation to Canada, as well as to the other colonies,
constantly open and constantly clear, and the British
spirit, with the language and religion of Britain, will
cover the earth "as the waters cover the sea."
Nothing can be as absurd as jealousy in this matter;
send out good men with good feelings towards the
parent nation, and the same goodness and the same
good feeling will be found at the end of centuries ;
send out bad men and enemies, and their descendants
to the remotest generation will be bad men and
enemies.