The Sun.
London, England, 1826-07-20 00:00:00

DREADFUL EFFECTS OF ANGER.

Amongst the many dreadful occurrences which fell Un-
der. our notice, we have to add the following lamentable
ease of manslaughter. What renders it the more distress-
ing to:the feelings is, that the crime has been perpetrated
by a father upon the person of his son, an infant of be-
tween six and seven years of age, and the dreadful catas-
trophe arose from giving away to an unbounded fit of pas-
sion, excited by a cause the most trivial. The unhappy
man, Who now stands charged, upon the Coroner's war-
rant, for the offence a Mr. Renton, a person' about fifty
years of age, and -holtling.i respectable situation in society,
that of steward to Thos. Boner, Esq. of Elmstead Lodge,
about two.miles below Bromley, Kent. From the few
facts that have come-to our knowledge, it appears that the
child was in the habit of going daily to school to Bromley,
but on account of the distance, the child returned home
only once a day, at theclose of the school, in the evening.
About ten days since, the boy, upon leaving school, loiter-
ed on his way, which occasioned him to arrive home
considerably after the usual time. Upon going in doors,
his father questioned him as to the cause which had
kept him so long, and not being able to give a satisfactory
answer, the unguarded parent ordered the child into a
room. On entering the room, the door, was fastened by the
father, when it appeared he took up the rail of a chair,
which was lying upon the floor, and began to chastise the
poor child in a most unmerciful manner; the cries of the
child only served to exasperate the frenzied fit which. had
taken possession Of-the-father. The child, endeaVouring
to avoid the bloWs, stooped, when, horrible to relate, the
Stick alighted with the utmost violence upon. the back
head; mid in an instant be fell 'sense-
rot
oonftthliee child's
gronnd, the blood gushing in torrents from the
wound. The unhappy man, upon 'seeing the fatal effects
-which his passion had occasioned, instantly gave-the alarm.
The
t intelligence lsysas
quickly carried to the house of his
master, tiger was despatched for surgical aid.
ei. aiid a rne
In the course of a quarter of an -hour, -a surgeon arrived,
who attempted to bleed the child, but medical aid was
of no avail, the vital spark having fled. Upon the
surgeon examining the wound, lie found the scull
fractured, which had produced a 'concussion of the
brain,' and which wag the immediate cause of his (tenth.
The medical gentleman, upon finding his skill of no use,
inquired how. the. accident had occurred ? when ft female
who was present, stated, that the parent of the child had
been chastising him with a stirrup, the buckle of which
had entered the head. At this instant, the unfortunate
mother milled into the room, exclaiming that her child
had been murdered, and that it had been done by the rail
of the chair, and not the stirrup. A further examination
then took place when a violent blow was discovered near
the abdomen, from the discolouration, WaNeridently
produced by a kbut which the same Thadevented to aceount f that the child been
for b saying,
bathed with strong yin vinegar,
UP" day foll hdr adful catastmphe, the
owing t e e
Coroner held f the ex,
,inqueit on the body when, a ttT
animation of two witnesses t " Manslaughter!'
wasyeturned; and the f' av"
le
committed to
an. was
n o.rtunate m,
Maidstone
gaol, -to
bike his trial at the Assizes for
the
offence.
The dreadful occurrence has plunged the family of Mr'
Bonar into a state of the greatest diess sin from the deed'being perpetrated upon the estate t; which they had
removed, from Chislehurst, upon the dreadful and diaboli-
cal aft committed there some • Italian
years since, by an
feetinzul of the family, upon his
The prisoner, besides the
vice p
Vents.
•
lon
im p f
daughter somewhat younger
th an theo'
f his
deceased' c asshild has a
.

The gardens by which the building is to be surrounded
will be scarcely inferior in ingenuity and novelty to that
part. of the exhibition which has jitt been described. The
enclosure in which the building stands is rather a liniitzd
space, and appeared, when it was begun, little more than
large enough to isolate the edifice from the roads and
streets by which it Is surrounded. Mr. Horror has,
however, so contrived to vary the surface, by excavat-
ing it in some parts and heaping up banks in others, as to
increase the actual extent to an astonishing degree. Trees
of the height of twenty feet are growing in perfect vigour
and luxuriance upon banks which, at Christmas last, con-
sisted of bare and loose earth. A close, and even green
sward, covers the space on either side of the building, and
shrubs of great variety and beauty, some of which :..re indi-
genous and others rare exotics, are planted thickly about.
The disposition of the grounds is now only in progress,
but their leading features will be presented in the-follow-
ing order :—The spectator is conducted, by means of a
covered way, from ,the place at which he ascended to a
scene in the open air, which forms a striking contrast to, the
multitudinous expanse he has just been contemplating. ' He
finds himself in a valley, surrounded by rocks and planted
with .Mpine trees and shrubs, diSposed in a wild and pie-
turescf.,, manner. A cascade pours from the highest crag,
and then streams 'through the lower masses of rock. A.
Swiss cottage i§ placed here to keep up the idea which the
other parts of the scene excite. The outlet from this
glen is by - means of a subterranean passage, which opens
upon an extensive and beautiful conservatory, filled with
choice plants, so disposed as to blend with the higher
trees on the banks, and effectually to intercept the view
of the building, large and lofty as it is. The notion of
space and extent which a conservatory is calculated to
create is increased by a grotto at the end, and by a peen-
liar distribution of light. A gentle ascent leads back
main to the entrance of the building, and terminates this
picturesque frame-work to the most stupendous picture of
a metropolis that has ever yet been exhibited. A grore
of lofty trees, the roots of which, by a contrivance which
almost revives the hanging gardens of Babylon, are little
lower than the top of the outer wall, effectually shut out
every object that does not belong to this enchanted spot.
gueh is the Coliseum as it is, and as it is intended to be
when finished. What has already been done is the best
earnest for the completion of the design, and it promises to
unite, with a really important nation object, some of the
Most delightful productions of art, and an exhibition of a
perfectly novel character.

It has been supposed that this undertaking was the work
of several artists, and that it has been supported by a sort
of joint stock company. We are glad to he able to state
that both these notions are incorrect. The whole of the
plan and execution, the drawing, the building, and the gar-
dens, have been performed by Mr. nornor' and he Nvill be
entitled, as well to the emoluments which may be expect-
ed from this curious exhibition, as to the reputation which
it must confer on him.

'LAUGHABLE OCCURRENCE.----The following lu-
dicrous interruption to public worship took place on Sunday sen-
night at the Independent Chapel, Ashton-ander-Lyne.—ln the
midst of the reverend gentleman's discourse, a boy, about thirteen
or fourteen years of age, entered the chapel, and 'advancing a short
distance down the aisle, exclaimed, in the voice of Steiner, "
Sally Cowper here ?"--The effect this had upon the audience may
be more easily imagined than described ; and it was some time
before the majority of the congregation could relax their risible
muscles into any thing like an appearance of -attention to their
much-respected preacher.
EXTRAORDINARY LVSUS NATUR)E.--A most
beautiful racing mare, called " Jenny," has been exhibited here during the week, posse,,sur seven perfect, legs.. This remarkable
animal is mentioned in the Eating Calender 182e-23; as a
very superior- runner ; sad it 17IS not until three years old that
the transformation. of /Atm! commenced. Her extra far hind leg,
which is handsome and perfect, then began to appear: next her near
hind leg; and next her far fore leg ; and at this time there is one
making it appearance down her near fore leg. :She is shod on six
fret, and the main bones of her extra legs are set on from the hips
and shoulders, and have beautiful muscular shape. This extraor-
dingry mare is the property of Mr. Checketta, of Belgrave-hall,
Leicesterthire.

The method of torturing; and the degree of torture now
or lately, employed in the Spanish Inquisition, will be suf-
ficently understood, from the history Of, Isaac Orohio,
which LiMbarch took down from his own mouth. This
man, who was is Jew and a doctor of physic, had been
deleted to the Inquisition as an Israelite, (a crime of the
greatest magnitude in their eyes), by a Moorish servant
of his own, whom he had flogged for thieving; and.feur
years 'after this he was again , accused by a secret enemy
of another fact which would have clearly established his
descent. On this second charge he was committed to the
secret prilonsof the Holy Office, where he remained three
years ; and after undergoing several examinations, in the
course of-which the crimes charged against him were dis-
closed with a view to his confession, he was at length, in
consequence of his obstinate denial of them,. carried from
his cell to the chamber of torture. This was a large apart-
ment 'under ground, vaulted, hung round with black cloth,
and dimlylighted by candles placed in candlesticksfastened,
to the wa. Atone end,there was an inclosedplace,like a closet
whet* the inquisitor in attendance and the notary sat at a
table ; so that the place seemed to poor Orobio ,the very
mansion of death, every thing being being calculated to
inspire terror. Here the. Inquisitor again admonished
him to confess the truth before being put to the tor-
ture; and when. he answered that he had already told
the truth, the Inquisitor formally protested, that, since
he was !so obstinate as to expose himself to the ques-
.tion, the Holy Office would be innocent of whatever
might happen, and that, in case of leison, rupture of
members, or death, the fault would rest wholly with
himself. The protest being extended, in order to
form part of the proces-verbal, they pus a linen
garment over his body, drawing it so very close on each
side, as almost to squeeze him to death; and when he
was on the very verge of expiring, they suddenly slackened
the sidefi of the garment, by which, as respiratiodreturned,
and the blood began again to circulate, he suffered the
most excruciating pain. At this stage he was again ad-
monished to confess the truth, in order to avoid further
torments; but, persisting in his denial, they tied his
thumbs so tight with small cords, that the blood spirted
out from under the nails. This done, he was placed with
his, back against a wall, and fixed upon a little bench.—
Into the wall were fastened little iron pullies, in which
ropes were inserted, and tied round several parts of MS.
body, particularly his arms and legs; then the execu-
tioner drawing the ropes with .his whole force, pinned
Orobio :to the wall, so that his hands and feet, especially
his fingers and toes, being cut by the ligatures, put him to ,
the moat exquisite pain, and seemed to him as if they,
had been dissoliing in flames. In the midst of these,
tortures; the executioner suddenly jerked the bench from
under him, so that the miserable wretch hung suspended
by the cords, the weight of his body drawing the knots
still tighter, and thus increasing his agony. He endured
this forsome time, after which he was taken down, and
subjected to a new kind of torture. An instrument like a
small ladder, made of two upright pieces of wood anti five
cross ones sharpened before, being placed over him, the
executioner struck it in a peculiar manner and with such
violence against both his shins, that he received it. the
same instant five blows on each, in consequence of which
he fainted away. After he recovered, the last torture was
inflicted upon him. The torturer having ,tied ropes
round ()robio's wrists, put them round his own back,
which was covered with leather, then fulling backwaids,
and putting his feet up against. the. wall, -he drew them
with all his might, till they cut through the unhappy man's
flesh, even to the very bones.
This torture was repeated thrice, the ropes being suc-
cessively tied round Ins arms about an inch or thereby
above the former wound, and drawn with the same vie-
lence.
But it happened, that as the ropes were drawing
the second time, they slid into the first wound, which
causeo so great an effusion of blood, that he seemed to be
dying.--Upon this, the: surgeon in attendance was sent
for from an adjoining apartment, asked whether the pa-
tient had strength enough to undergo the remainder of the
tortures—a question which is always put when death is ap-
prehended; because the Inquisitors are considered guilty of
an irregularity if their victim should expire in the midst
of his torments. The surgeon, who was far from
being 'an enemy to Orobio, answered in the affirma-
tive, and thereby preserved him from having the tor-
tures he had already endured repeated on him;
for his sentence was, that he should suffer them all at one
time : and if the opinion of the surgeon had induced the
Inquisitor to desist, through fear of occasioning death, all
the tortures, even those already endured, must have been
succssively inflicted to satisfy the sentence. Wherefore,
the torture was, repeated the third time, and then it ended,
after which Orobio was bound up in his own clothes and
carried back to prison, and was scarce healed of his wounds
in seventy days. And inasmuch as he emitted no confes-
sion under his torture, he was condemned, not as one con-
victed, but suspected of Judaism, to.wear the San Benito,
or habit of infamy, for two whole years, and thereafter to
perpetual banishment from the kingdom of Seville.

Saturday the depot of the 74th Foot marched into the
Castle from Stirling, where they have been quartered for
some time.--Edinburgh Courant.'

The largest annual receipt ever taken at Covent-
Garden, or an doubt, at any other .Theatre, was in the season of
1810.11, when 100,000/. was received at the doors. It is a cu-
rious fact, and somewhat indicative of the anomalous nature of
the public taste, that the wholv of the additional sum over the
usual annual receipts, was entirely produced by the introduction
of cavalry on the stage,.—an exhibition now so much and so via.
lently censured. The first forty-one nights of Blue Beard,
revived with horses, produeed upwards of 21,000/.—Rey-
nolds's Life.

ELEPHANT Kit N o.7—The following accOunt.o:
the death of an elephant, from the New orlr Gazeth
of the 6th ult. proves that these is a quicker way of
destroying an animal of this description, than was em.
ployed here lately

This brutal outrage, we learn from the Providence Micro-
-11271'
CO3 was COIIIMI "tted about midnight, as the elephant was moving
With its keeper and attendants from the village of Chepatchet, to..
Inneuttr.sl'e'tltte, borridgrie-fl,eosnhae ofyinvAtibr Bdischargeded
with till
1f:8 :m
evert, efi :Kit et two
other e r with two bullets, which killed the noble
beast almost instantly, and imminently endangered the keeper's
life. The perpetrators of the shameful deed left the mill, and
mired with the citizens who were in the road, large numbers
night, and a knowledge of the keeper's intention to remove the
animal. So surprised were they at a catastrophe so mumpected
contemplating the bloody spectacle before them, that they made
n
ed
d
exertiowi of the people of that village, prompted
,tana,lh_oned:ti'Dirniilsoneetlgw:dedasbeivesilletieaarntnlepgdleffirirfuenahg:weisidaldfrtod'ii'scitatt4l:otivy's}lgenlery:hirv:l:hhrtlealaselhubliedee(e::litlymsothiPtuherritatdebriaelwper,lilarPbals:dujPewtusraiserx:Pellpttinr.:l-rseityi°ogßinh;slit
f
LaYve been examined, and the evidence of their having been eon.
(*tiled in the affair being strong, have been ordered to recognize
in the stun of 500 dollars each, with sureties in the same amount,
to await their trial betbre the competent tribunal. The names of
the persons apprehended are—Penner Eddy, John Inman, Albert
Eddy, Francis 'West, Angell Darling, Benjamin Bowen, who are
persons unable to make restitution ; and for whose conduct no
motive is assigned, other than that of a disposition for mischief
The elephant was valued at 12,000 dollars."

What is, perhaps, the most extraordinary thing in the
history of this serpent is, that all the Antilles are free
from i 4 with the exception of three—Martinique, St.
LuCis, and Beconia : the others have no venomous serpent
w.ltatsoever. The Caribbees pretend that they were in-
trodnced from the Continent, along with a hostile settle-
ment; but it is alsb possible that they may have been
brought by the currents, if it were only upon some of the
trunks of trees which are so often harried on with them.
It is very dangerous at Martinique to pass the trunks of
hollow trees in the woods, as this animal frequently reposes
there ;or to push the hand into birds'-nests, where they
often remain squatted, after having devoured the eggs of
the young. Poultry are very attractive fare for them, and
they frequently conceal themselves among the teeth of
which the roofs of the cottages are formed. They retreat
alto, elmiug the day, into the holes of rats or crabs. These
reptiles are seldom to be seen in the towns, unless it be
the young ones which are, carried thither among bundles
of fodder. The inetlicscy of the efforts of men to destroy
this plague, has led to the introduction of some English
terrier of a particular kind, which have already been very,
serviceable.

M. Oe Jonnea recommends the introduction of the ser•
pent-hlrd of the Cape of Good Hope—that to
bird of prey, which is of so essential service in South
Africa, The experiment was tried, but did not at first
succeed.—Adyse des Travaux de l'Academie Royale
des Sciences.

The beat at St. Petershtagh, ir, the last month, was
90 inthe shade.
One of the witnesses in a late trial at Cambridge
was a little boy, named James Morley, apparently not more than
nine or ten years of age. After the oath had been administered
the Chief Justice put a question to him, in order to ascertain
whether he was sensible of the nature and importance of an oath,
when the following curious answer was given Chief Justice....
"-Little boy, do you know what you have been doing?" Witness
Yes, Sir, I've been keeping pigs for Mr. 13anyard." The
Court was convulsed with laughter, and the Chief Justice directed
the witness to be put aside for the present.
C-01.TURE o TuRNIPs.--The following is a sue-
eessicl. plan employed by Mr. Knight, of Downton, iu the culture
of turnips in seasons like the present The manure was taken
from the heap, and immediately spread, and the seed was sown
in large quantities, about four pounds to an acre, upon the dung
without loss of time. The ground was then immediately cols
lected into what are called Out.bout ridges of 27 inches wide, that
being just half the oranary space between the wheels of a cart or
waggon. The seed was thus chiefly eollected into the middle of
the ridge, and intermixed with the moist manure. It in conse-
quence immediately vegetated, and the plants were seen to rise
abundantly on the tops of the-ridges, the most favourable situation
for their future groWth. I have seen this mode of culture sue.
ceed perfectly, when every other has faded. 1 will take the op-
portuuity of pointing out some purposes to which common fern
may be applied with advantage in seasons, which, like the present,
threaten IL deficiency of tbod for cattle during the succeeding
winter. Some years ago, I cut before Midsummer, a large quan-
tity of fern,' with the intention of using it for litter only ; and I
roma that both my cows and horses ate it with avidity, and ap-
peared to thrive upon it. This plant contains a very large por-
tion of macilage at this season, and also of saline matter, which
render the manure obtained from it extremely valuable."
" was sitting (says the Author)
,the shade before
my door, with Sidi Sheikh, the sultan's fighi, when an
ill looking wretch, with a fiend-like grin on his connte.
mince, came and placed himself directly before me. I
asked Sidi Sheikh 'who he was ? he answered, with great
omposure, The executioner.' I instantly ordered my
servants to turn him out. Be patient,' said Sidi Sheikh,
laying his hand upon mine; he visits the first people in
Saekatoo, and they never allow him to go away without
giving him a few Goons nuts, or money to buy them.' In
compliance with this hint, I requested forty cowriee to be
given to the fellow, with strict orders oever again to cro!ls
my threshold. Sidi Sheikh now related to me a prpfl?#.7_
sionat anecdote of my uninvited; visitor. Being brother of
the executioner of Yaeolia, of which place hewatt
tive; he-applied to the governor for his, brother.'o.!n.tttilLti.
ho Ling of superior adroitness in the fitinilY vac: fetch
-They governor cooly remarked, ' We will ":„Y;;t'of
his
byrooutriwbrr,outlniedesailliangil loin seated a€ the ciocer of his house,,
without noise or warning he atrlioZTlT:ru dintli:endeina
with a swero. at one W"; tte reward of sucif
head to the Governor, anda,"ll,l,lpj einted to the vac.ant
transeendeilt etronitYs: ho,;e'tWards in want of an expert
office. h e silk" ; ackatoo, where, a short tiMe
hwisman, sent for
after Iris
,s1:1,111:07.(11 to ei t pie u.tiop
in conjunction with the rebels of
Goober, had attonyted to plunder the eclintry, but were
all made,pritioneris; this event happened about four years
aiw t_cvappolon's Travels.

'

..:..

SUMMER ASSIZES.

YORK, Tuzsma.-y, Jui.v. IR.

CIVIL SIDE.-.-PWGELL v. ANGELL.

The Court resumed the consideration of this► cause at
nine o'clock this morning, Bcforc thuAttorney-General
came into court,

Mr. Alderson, onbehalf of the tenant, requested leave
to put a witness into the'box to prove, U formal Sit of the
defendant's ease which had been omitted yesterday.
Mr. Justice Park 'consented, and the evidence was
given.
Mr. Scarlett then (the Attorney General in the mean
time having taken his -seat at the table) proceeded to ad-
dress the reeognitors on behalf of the demand ant. He oh-
observed, that he could :not, but deeply. appreciate the Eno,
desty of his learned friend the Attorney-General, whohad
been pleased yesterday to compare his own abilities and
erudition with those which he (Mr. Scarlet() possessed,
and to insinuate, that the defendant was likely to suffer from
the inadequacy of the person who 'conducted'his
Now all that his learned friend had said on' that subject
was the very reverse of what was to be feared,forinstetul of
appearingbefore them under every disadvantage, the learned
Attorney-General. had, in fact, posseased every advantage
that an advocate, could desire. He ;had hpok en ofheing
stranger among them—the fact was so---;but the Attorney-
General was not the person to complain of it, nor was it
likely that-he should lose any thing by the circumstance.
In having appealed to them on that ground,. -be seemed, to
have forgotten the proverbial warmth of hospitality which
distinguished Yorkshire ; and which, had he been unknown
and unhonoured, would hays accorded him a kind recep-
tion. But he came among them a stranger indeed, but a
stranger distinguished for his talents and for his success in
his profession, and above all, he , possessed :that:recom-
mendation to which none,of equal weight could he oppos-
ed—of being the chief legal,adviser of His Majesty, an
office which, even when conferred on a man leas honoura-
bly deserving of it than his learned friend,, was a ;natter
of no slight advantage in recommending its possessor to
favourable notice. Such were the advantages which his
learned friend possessed, and the defendant had acted most
wisely in availing himself of them,. for he was a wealthy
man : not merely now, but for a long, time since he had
been the holder of the large property which the demandant
clahned, and to defend the title to which its own revenues
afforded him the most ample means. Of those means
he had availed hirnaelf to the • utmost,, and although it
might truly be said that never had the northern circuit
been distinguished by a great number of men of powerful
ability, extensive learning, and con aummate skill, and .ar-
dent zeal in the interests of their clients, than at,the pre-
sent moment, yet had not the.defeedant thought fit to in-
trust the management of hisaantse solely to their powers,
but had resorted to London, 110 held retained the leader
of his profession, his Majeaty's Attorney-General him,
self, to come down to York and to decorate, if not to t in-
dicate the right. The learned corn del then made a general
summary of theevidence given on the part of, the defendant,
and contended that the alleged marriage between
,Benedict
Brown and Pleydell Broeke, ought to be viewed With the
greatest suspicion by the recognitors, who
.conld tint give
their verdict for the defendant, unless they were satisfied
that the marriage had actually taken place at the tune sup-
posed,
anti had been accemisinied by all those circum.
stances winch rendered a marriage' legal, and entitled its
issue to claim as legal heirs the property of their father.--
NVitli every inclination to urge the rights of his
client, he Was not willing to do so when he, saw
there was no possibility of doing more than delaying for
a few short hoar* that judgment. which every one must
expect frotnthe evidence; but he did not think this was
one of those eases, and he hoped he should be able to .per.
suede both the learned 3tidge and. the 'roeognitors, that
the defendant had failed in proving such a case as would
entitle hint to their verdict. The main point of the: de-
fence must rest fin the proof of thEe marriage he had just
alluded to; and he meant to contend'that the proof ::now
given had not established the. 'Validity of that marriage.
Mr. Justice Park intimated, that: imless the deem:edam
could disprove by evidence 'the truth and authenticity of
the bond given for the license; of the licence itself, and of
the registry in the parish hooks, mere argument, flowerer
ably urged; and no one- ould doubt the ability
Scarlett to urge it, must he, of little avail.

The recto tutors having exprocsed their reliatiee on the
evidenee as it now stood, Mr. Seralett seknowledged'that
he could not-meet that evidence by express proof; and he
wa%, therefore, eompelle4,to tmbmit to a verdict for the
defendant.

smituu, nkrr ti. nAmmowt, rf,Are.

Mr. Alderson opened the pleadings. This was tot action
of assault and battery, to which the defendant had pleaded
the general issue of "not guilty.".
Mr. Brougham said, it would be his duty .briefly, and
without comment, to detail to the jury the circumstances
of this case. He should therefore merely content himself
with giving' such a Sketch of the circumstances as would
enable them to follow the statements of the witnesses that
would be called to support the plaintiff's claim to corn-
pensatiim. The plaintiff had long beim a parishioner at
Saddleworth, and on Easter Morelav last, when the assault
was committed, he had attended a vestry-meeting •at the
church of that parish, which meeting had been convened
for the. purpose of choosing constables, • On his return
from thence he was aceonipanied by several other parish-
ioners, and Some of them went with him into a public-house,
on their road home, to take Some refreshment. They had
not beep there long before the defendant came in, and be-
glut to conduct himself in such a manner, its to leaVe little
doubt that it was ;tiniest his Rawl intention to pick a quarrel
with somebody. Accordingly the: defendant began.. by
abusing and threatening a person named Whiteheett, who
happened to be present, but who had given him no pro-
vocation whatever, Not content, however, with abuse
and vague threat, the defendant drew out a dagger from
a dagger-stick, and repeatedly brandished it among the
company, using, et the same, time, language of so shock-
ing a description, that he (Mr. Brpuiliatn) should forbear
to repeat it. Such conduct, of Course, could not escape
observation ; and a person who was present remarked,
that the defendant deserved to be taken into' custody.
The plaintiff joined. in. the observation, saying, " I think
so, too." The defendant became irritated at the remark,
seized the plaintiff, and eonunittcd the essanit now com-
plained of. He took the plaintiff by the miler, threw him
down from the chair oe which he hail been sitting, drugged
him along the floor, and kicked him severer thnes very
violently over the breast. This violence made the Plain-
tiff very ill, and confined him at home for six Weeki ; and,
even up to this time, he had not recovered kern the effects
of his ill-treatment. • • .
Thomas hose---f was present in the public-Imm at.
Dog's Cross on Easter ' Monday hot ; the plaintiff was
there also ; he is between 00 and 70 years of age ; he is
a journeyman &thief.; I remember the defendant coining
into the public-house in the afternoon; we were writing
from a vestry-meeting; when the defendant came in he
endeavoured to pick .a quarrel With sotnebody; he be-
haved very violently to several people. The plaintiff-ob-
served, that 'thought this defendant deserved to he
taken into eft tots'` on which the defendant turned short
round upon him, knocked him off his chair, and dragged
him along the ground, at the same time kicking him seve-
ral tittles when he was on the floor.
John Higginbotharit described the transae: don in mud'
the same manner as the last, witness.
Two other witnesses were examined, but theh. evidence
Was not, important. • • •
Mr, Seaffert adiliestiVil the Jury for the defendant, and
commented. With sonic severity upon the testimony of the
first witness, upon Whose evidenge, he contended, the Jury
ould Ogee no reliant*, he hid discredited hin'elf by
the hesitation he had mainifeSted when questioned about
his uncle having a dagger-stick.. As a proof that the de-
fendant was sober, one of the witnesses had stated the de-
fendant's own declaration on the subject—a declaration,
that if it proved any thing, proved exactly the reverse of
w?iat that witness intended ; for it was notorious that no

dru}iken man ever acknowledged himself to to so, but ge-
nerally prOtested that he *as quite sober, and would en-
deavOur to Add weight to his assertion by saying that he
was as sober as a Judge,—(A laugh).
Mr. Justice Park thought die case.'deserving of da-
mages, and the Jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff.—
Damage t. 30/.
Mr. Baron 'hillock disposed of three causes in the City
Court, and afterwards returned to the County Court,
where he tried some Nisi Prius cases eent him by Mr.jus-
tice Park, but none of them were of the slightest interest.
TRENCH PAPERS.-

“isr.r.s OP THE AfiCHHTLAGO.
” SYILOUNE 5.--lbrahirn traverses in a 'conquering
march the whole of Peloponnesus without finding any
'where the 'encl. resistance. After having divided- his army
into three; columns, he directed one of them upon Mega-
pilea—a convent fortified by art and nature, in which is
deposited the Wealth of the principal families in the Mores.
The Arabians made themselves masters of it after having
taken a gteat number of slaves. The other column march-
ed upon Mistra, where it eneountered no opposition. The
Greeks fly on all hands. Those of the province of Za,
conies could only find safety in escaping on board the
Spezziot ships.
" Ibrahim has gone to Parthemi, in order to march
thence either on Corinth or Napoli di Romania. In this
latter place Colocotroni is opposed to the Roumeliots, who
possess the fortress of Palomide. The Government is
likewise divided into two factions.

" The measures taken by the Hydriots and Spezziots
are contradictory. The latter, because their ships can re-
ceive their. Whale population, are ready to fly. ',The Hy-
driots, on the contrary, are determined to remain on their
island, the inhabitants of which could not be 'received on
board their ships. By this defeetion of the Spezzitits the'
little courage which remains to the Greeks will be •extin-
guished.
" All the Egyptian squadron is anchored before Navas.
irino, where it expects that of the Capitan Pacha. •
" The English corvette the Rote encountered on the
29th of May two' Turkish frigates, coming from the'llar-
dandles,. and proceeding Echelle Neure.
"Tho English Colonel. Gordon, it is said,,has arrived at
Napoli (ti Romania with'money, and two cargoes of pro-
visions. Forty families, flying from Azaettira, and repulsed
from Hydra, have likewise been refused landing at Cerigo,'
till they could give, according to the order of the English
Government, the guarantees required' from emigrants. 'The
inhabitants of Jelinlhi have experienced the Same. lot.
Many of the latter have perished in flying to their'boats.
Syru is tranquil; butat the departure of the squadron 'the
armed force will proceed to Hydra, and Syra Will'thus be
abandoned to the mere), of the brigand's. •
":Cornmodore Hamilton, in passing on the 4th by Ca-
risto, found at the point about 20 boats there moored.
They-contained the two famous captains Vutiso' arid Gre
siote, with their satellites.

"There has arrived
,at Hydra, a Dutch ship loaded with
warlike 'stores sent by the Dutch Committee.
(From the Etoik of Tuesday.)
The German Journals state, that after the arrival of a
Tartar from Silistria, at. Bucharest, on the 2Rth of June,
a report wits spread that on the 24th Constantinople was
in'flames. 'The source of this rumour could not, however,
be discovered. The letters km» Constantinople, which
arrived yesterday in Paris; in the ordinary course, are dated
the 23d.' It Is evident,' therefore, that if this news had been
true, Government would 'have received it by courier five
days ago, or six days ago by telegraph. So'eral Journals
announce to-day, under the date of Madrid, June that
the Sitnish. Ambassador, 111. de Casa 'Flore'r. bad 'been
insulted at Lia x 04311 as slat iitr9Vt4 (rota itit).:Noctiro
Was httoWii. Now this nevtl4 'Was' -not knosiii:S.t Lisbon
mail the sth of July. The same Journals''say that. M.
d'Andriaga"; who is appointed Minister to Lisbon, has F. et
out for that capital. The latter part of this news is
untrue,

The Quotridicitit ,yesterday accused the Goverment of
the King With having eomproniised all the results of the war
in ,Spain. What were these results ?. The destruction
of theißecolutien, a necessary alliance; and our Southern
frontiers:in full security. Ann in what are these results,
cpmprOniised ? The'Revointiou is terminated in the Penin-
sula, and every body knOws'that theaoyalists are now2in
stropki;, that the` Liberals 'fear a mnvementwoukl'be the
signal 4 their ruin.
As tri the Alliance, who is ignorant at 'whet price
['recce maintains it ? The sacrifices • which 4,16. honour to
a generous policy ought not.to be subject of reproach with
Frenchmen who are friends of the Bourbons. Is it of
the Colonies which had declared their independencebefore
we entered Spain that the Qtintidienne mink! speak ?
Does it pretend that we ought to go to var with Eng-
land for the purpose of restoring to the TO* of Spain the
possession of South America ? Let it say so openly. It
is war, then, that the Qiudidienne wants; and Ministers
arc reproached for not having made it.

• SPAIN.
(From the Journal des Debate.)
" MAnitin, Jp.'r 6.—The Goverment appears to think
that the most important thing for it to do•at present is to
place at Lisbon, as quick as possible, a man entirely de-
voted to the Apostolic party. As Soon as it had taken
this resolution,
,citst its eyes on M. Andriaga, brother-
of M. Zea ;' and yesterday his Majesty signed the
recid of M. Casa-FlOrez, our Ambassador at Lisbon, and
the appointment of M. Andriaga to be Minister Plenipo-
tentiary at that Court. The King having signed these
documents, M. 'Andriaga received this morning his pass-
ports and credentials. At four o'clock he received at the
Treasury6,ooo doubloons (00,000 francs) for his.journey
to Lisbon, and at six o'clock he was on his road. With
such precipation was it thought necessary -for-the diplo-
matist to depart.
" The following are some particulars respecting this
personage 1826 he was the third on the list of 'the
Chief Clerks of the Miniiter for Foreign Affairs, of which
depailment he had by accident the direction, for some hours,
under the administration of M. Perez de-Castro. After.-
wards he was appointed Minister of Spain 'to the United
States, and on his passage, while at. Bordeaux, he con-
versed in such a way as to create the helief that he was
art ultra liberal. About eight months after his arrival in
the United States he quitted his post, returned to Paris,
and re-entered Spain with the French army. He was con-
sidered as one of the most violent of the Exaltados: it in
even said that he was more or Tess implicated in the affair
of llessieres, • and he was held in such slight estimation,
that:M. Zea, though his brother-in-law, not only felt so
wish employ him, but actually caused him to be exiled to
BarCelona, whence he was recalled bY the Duke of In-
fatitado.

"The King setoff this morning for the baths of Cabra;
the Princes, and Princesses accompanied him, and will
return this evening to sleep at 'Makid. The Ministers,
the Duke of Infanta& and Calornarde, and the Secretary
cif the Privy Seal, Grivilba, went with his Majesty. The
journey,of M. Griulba, who is one of the principal leaders
of tie moderate party, . induces a belief of the possibility
of a change of Ministry.,
" A courier has just: been despatched to Cadiz, carrying
to the 'rich merchant' Gargollo, his appointment of
Treasurer-General, in the 'room of M. Soret, who has
just died at Seville. M: Gargollo, ons of "the richest
Merchants in Europe, is Himself the B,,tiso, own
tontine; it is said that it is a deubt if he can even read.
Theehaptera of (juenea Siguenza have just been
taxed at 300,000 rc al*. tOwoda„payolo- the expenses of
the Kings Yi*to,the. b the of Solar de Cobra.

A tvibw intly in Dewssbury, ltavn cm unduly
•
importuned by nit enamoured 'swam in that neighbourhood, tool(
the desperate resolution to meat warrodt f,y wamth; with this
view she prepared herself nrith'itAnantity of aquafOrtis, and, on
her lover's attempt, to force his way into her house, she actual-
ly discharged the vessel filled with this liquid full in his face, and
burnt out one of his eyes !--the inlets to his admiration.—Man-
cheater Paper.

I.ONDQN,
TUURSDAY EVENINGi JULY 20, 1826.

The French PitPeti of Monday,' and the Doile of
Tuesday morning, reached us last night. :nick prin•
cipal contents relate to the affairs of Gieece, and as
every circumstance connected with that classic land is
of interest, 'we have gken long extracts in a preceding
column.

The news from Syra, to the sth of June, is cer-
tainly of a gloomy description. IrttlAUIM PACIIA
is said to traverse the whole or the Peloponneaus
without finding any resistance ; and the Government
to be divided by faction. The result of the first ten
sittings of the Assembly of Epidaurus is given in the
French Papers, but as these proceedings have, in fact,
been before published, it is unnecessary to reprint
them. The Gitzette de Lyons, after alluding to at-
tempts said to have been made by our Government for
placing the Duke cif SUSSEX on the Throne of
Greece, states that the French Envoys at Napoli di
ltornania had endeavoured to rsuade the Greek
Government that die Ifoutie. of' Bourbon could pro-
vide them with a more desirable Sovereign than the
House of lirunswieL Some endeavours appear also
to have, been made to bring about an arrangement with
the POPE, by which the authority of his Holiness,
might be recognized by. the Greek Priests,
rho intelligence from Madrid is unimportant. The
King of. SPAIN has proceeded to the baths at Cabra ;
arid It CASA.FLOREZ, the Ambassador at Lisbon,
has been recalled, and M. ANDRIAGA appointed to
succeed him,

TALNIA'6 recovery now seems certain.
FRENCH FUND& —Five per Ceuta, 99f. 65e. ;,3 per Cents,
60f. 95c. ; Bank Stock, 2010 ; Neapolitan Stock, 72f. 60e. ;
Royal Spaniah Loan, 46j Exchange on. London, 25. 60.

7 - -
WC received last night Dutch P#peT§ of the 18th
instant, from which extracts will be found in this
cohimn.

The King of the Nr. TIIERLANns has appointed ,a
Commission to draw up a detailed statistical account
of the Kingdom.

The news from Java contradicts the reported termi-
nation of the. War with the Natives, and contains ac.
counts of a successful attar'): made by the latter on the
Netherland troops. Steam-boats appear to be navi-
gating the seas between Batavia and Borneo.

The accounts which
we published yesterday, from
Colombia, appear to have been very consolatory and
encouraging to the holders of Secu-
rities, American Se-
rities, if we may judge liy the affect produced on their
value in the market. It always aPPeared to us, that
the immensedepreriation which had taken place in
these Securities was not warranted by the state of the
ease. It was impossible to suppose that the Govern-
ment of Colombia, when it learnt the failure of its
agent in this Country, and knew that the sum appro-
priated for the payment of the next dividend on its
stock was lost, should not immediately take every

Capital. Amount. Amount. Loss.
' '''` 1
• .; . . . -.-.
'T. X• le X•
,j
Brazilian
ibienos Ayres 1,000,000. 85 850,0(0 49 , 490, meow
Chilian
Columbian 2,060, 8t 1,630,000 26 520,000 1,160,000
Ditto, 1821 4,750,1;00 86% 41203,760 28 1,930,000 2,873,730
Danish
Greek BOO,OOl 50 472,000 ' 10 NO 392,000
Ditto, 1824 2,000,000 364 1,130,000 11 22 ,1 010,000
Mexican: 3,200,000 56 1,856,000 38 1,216, 64,0,000
I'Htto 1823 3,200,000 90. 2,680,000 45 1,440,000 1,119000
Neap:lllbn]
Peruvian
I)itto, 1824 750,000 82 615,000 r 22 1115,000 • 450,000
Spanish
Ditto, 1.Et23 12,0001 000 30 3,600,0001 4 480,000'1 9,120,000
30,550,000, , 31,6''20,23&
12,380,500119:239,750

Although we arc no frierids to Foreign Loans, to
the extent to which they have been carried in this
country, anti must of course admit that a very cala-
mitous loss has been sustained on the loans in ques-
tion, still the loss is by no means so great us is repre-
sented 'by the above statement. It must be recol-
lected that at the rate at which those loans were
taken, /the interest received amounts to, perhaps,
eight Or nine per Cent. per annum on the average
of the whole, and as the dividends of the major
part of them have been received, the difference
between their amount, and the rate of interest which
the capital sums wild have produced in this country
(which cannot be estimated at more than 4/. per
Cent.) ought to be set off against so much of the prin-
cipal. This would most materially lessen the amount of
apparent loss ; and it ought not to he forgotten that
the high rate of interest of many of those loans will,
in. all human probability, continue to be paid in this
country with the most exact punctuality, and conse-
quently that considerable advantages will be derived
from them in future.

Of the principal, too, a very large part was, hr many
cases, laid out in the purchase of articles of our manu-
facture or produce, in this country ; and, therefore, al-
though the lbss of capital to individuals may be great,
in consequence of the depreciation which has taken
place in these Securities, still, in the aggregate, the
country has not suffered by them to the extent which
the statement referred to would lead us to conclude.

tsubtjoect,takaes
coZec-t.eodugi:vtit'halson'atiiloinarsinidteerreilsig this
ts,
Fo-
pro-
duced by the whole of the loans to other countries
raeigirtrolansv,iewbut of
tothelookefreactt tohfe ereerstualitit
which have been raised in England. If we take such
a coMprehensive view, we shall find that the
.general
result has been immensely advantageous to this coun-
try and its capitalists. The largest French loan, for
instance, was taken at a price which pays its
holders nearly 10 per cent, and the capital of it, at
this moment, is almost doubled in value; while
many other European loans have been attended with
effecta almost as beneficial to those who embarked in
them. ' The profits derived from these loans indUced
capitalists to engage in others, which have turned out
less advantageously, but it is not just, because.this has
been the case, from these instances alone to draw conclu-
sions as to the injurious effect of Foreign Loans on'the
general interests of this country. The Fwosperous as
well the disastrous speculations should be in
into the account, and the balance would then appear to
be greatly in favour of the capitalists of England.

, e alluded yesterday to the Commercial Treaty
which Mr. MACKENZIE, his MAJESTY'S Consul-
General and Commissioner at Hayti,
was endeavouring
to arrange with the Government of that RePublic. It
is now stated in some of the Papers that a stipulation
had been acceded to, " that all Negroes who run away
from the British Colonies should be restored, On
application being. made to the President for them,
" and repayment of any
expenses that may have been
" incurred by their detention or Otherwise:'
We have' no doubt that his Majesty's Ministers
have not overlooked, so important an object to the
owners of West India property as this Stipulation • un-
doubtedly is: and that therefore it will Corm one of
the first subjects of discussion by Mr. M.aoKEyzuz,
and will probably be acceded to ; but we do not be-
lieve, that the result of that Functionary's fiegociatian
on any topic can be known
.0 present.

•
Frankfort Papers to the 13th inst, have been re-
If we' may credit the following
ctived this morning.
account in letters from Corfu, it would appear that
IBRAufst pAcitA is subduing Greece at his ease :--
• VIENYA, JULY. 7.
Letters from Corfu of the 16th of June bring the fol-
lowing. news :—The Seraskier Redsehid- Pada, having.
'eft a garrison of 2000 infantry and 500 cavalry in miss°,
marched on the 23d 'May with a corps of 6000
7 the knees:, situated between
—eaga Bey against
small, surrendered after a short resistance, and several vil-
lages about Solona submitted. Hereun the Seraskier
which was very
mcn~ to
wards Athens..
Monasterythe 'aii dn t QtLil pv copiedllltloe.6h-e These
sent
rhis
garrison,
Hussein Hey, one of the two
Commischedsioners sent by the Porte, has received orders to
attend the: Seraskier on his march.
Ibrahim Paella,- after having dispersed on the 7th May
a troop of insurgents, posted on the eminence near Pa-
tras, which commands the only road which leads to Cala-
vrita, returned to Patras, and on the 12th May left that
fortress, at the head of his cavalry, to proceed to Tripolizza.

On the 13th he %Vitt followed by lila whole army, consist-
ing, as it is stated, of 4,000 men (10,000 Egyptians and
-1.,0",'0 Albanians). Calavrita and the neighbouring places
blibinifigcf* his approach, upon which he continued his
march •A ithout.-dii&tition to the neig:hbmirhood of Trip-
lizza. Here he met With Colocotrom
who, on Ibrahim's
approach had hardly 500 men left of ;he .?,000 that he had
prevkiiiiti;
*OW together in these parts, ith these.Tri.
few
men Colocoti&li fled to Karitene, leaving the to
polizza open to thell..gy ptian Commander.- After at.:llo.rt stay
that town, Ibralum.Pacha made several excuriu,:ns to
Leondari, ,Mistra, &c. without any where meeting with :IV
resistance. . Accoriling, to the latest accounts he h
pitched his camp near Argos,- and Niketa, who was na
those parts with a mall corps, has retreated to Napoli.
di ROthania. Soliman Rey (the French renegado Sere)
is reported to have left Modell, in order to join Ibrahim
s The latter is reported to intend to send a column
from Mistra to Napoli di Malvisia, to besiege that fortress
on thy land. side,.but from the want of a harbour, or even
of a roazi fit to anchor in, it is difficult to blockade

by sea.
Gen, Nargut*sri Pauhic ci, Con imander-in-Chief of the
Imperial naval force, end at the sane
time of the squadron
in the .Archipelago, wiic, arrived on the.' 13th in the port.
of Corfu on 'board the Mistrian frigate Bellow, waited
again this morning for Zante and Smyrna. The Marquess
Paulucci, duiing his short stay in this town, was treatedin the most distinguished manner by. the Go%*erilmente
and loaded with marks of honour.
The English Admiral's shiN the Revenge, Ca'iUtai"
&mad, , which arrived on the sth, in seven daysti "Pm
l'aples, having on. board Vice7AdMiral Sir Harry Nem'e,
is still in this port. Capt. Spencer, of the Naitul; which
is also at anchor here, set, out on the' TOth, on leave of
absence,, to pay his long-intended visit to Vienna. Capt.
Spencer arrived at Vienna some days ago.
VIENNA, JULY 7. •
Mutallique; 90 1346.; Bank shares 1084
His Majesty the King has gone to Toplatz by way of
Dresden.—We find the following notice in one of our
„ .

"At the beginning of this year preparations com-
menced in lYiecidertburg for making a causeway from the-.
frontiers of Prusslit to those of Lunenburg. The 'line
having been determined, and the stones brotight to the
spots the English Company was able to begin its Opera-
tionS between the Prussian frontiers and Grsbow. The
number of the labourers in Calabria, and the mode of pay-
ing them, caused swift! disturbances,- ivltieh however were
soon appeased, and had tlh unpleasant consequences. The
manner in which the English Company pays ;the. men is
particular: at the end of the week it values the Iyork.done
by each, and pays accordingly from sto l sehillinks (JAY
wages, but retains the wages for the last. day."

It has always been considered as a reproach to the
country that the laws are scattered through 'so many
volumes that itivonkl require a fortune to purchase
them, an age to read them, and a mind far above the
common run to understand them. The reduction of. .
the French laws into a code by the late Emperor of .
•
the French, has served to ; revive this reproach, With
redoubled force, and every body now deems himself
competent to inveigh against the voluminousneas of the
laws] and censtirethem for want of -clearness in ei,-
pression, and for the •glorious uncertainty which
un-
doubtedly attends their administration. To oppose
this feeling, now so public and so eneral, seems to be
useless labour, yet, when .well considered, nothing ran
be more unjust than the reproach ; nothing more un-
founded than. this verb eneral opinion. t._:very body
knows: that the laws of England arc of two kinds, the
Lcbmmon law and the statute' law; and ever-5i body
wishes for the consolidation of these branches, and
their simplification in such manner, that he who runs
may read. Bu,t he, who should ima&ne 'that if this •
task were perfected every body :Would instantly
become an accoMplished law ver, is very greatly mis;-;
taken t for he may.rest assured that even t ten, as now, it
would he: just as necessary fora man to study the' law;
in order to his becoming a sound lawyer, as it is for a,. 7:
. .

person to' serve rut apprenticeship who wishes to be.
come a bla9ksmith, ft carpenter, a joiner, or any other
trade where skill of hand 38 required.
No attempt has hitherto been made to amalgamate
the principles of the common Jaw with the positive . .
enactmetatt of the statute law ; but the latter has lately
undergone the
.process of consolidation (but with t
what effect remains to be proved) ; and indeed' 'many
other instances of consolidating
Acts of Parliament
could be shewn in the very early part of the reign of
),
King George the Third. On this subject, therefore,
it would be vain to say a word. Entrusted to the '
hands of the present Home Secretary, the Work
likely to proceed ; and from the sample already given
we may entertain a well grounded hope that those :iret
to come, will rival the excellence and superiority
which have hitherto marked these labours of this

-- - .
1 popular Minister. As yet, however, the codi-
fication of the common law has not, been touched
upon ; but we 'have reason tor think that the ex-
treme difficulty attending such a task, has alone pro-
tected this sacred law from the unhallowed touch of
would-be legislators, or themure destructive innovations
of our modern Liberals. Yetit must be confessed that if
consolidation is desirable fur the statute law, in a much •
greater degree is codification desirable for the common
law; not altogether on the ground that it would he
easier understood by the people in general, or because
it would be much more certain in its administration,
but simply because a standard is now required to which
.
all cases might be referred, and by which they might
iodfatthtaeiiciaohullem.
onltiai
be determined; a standard, indeed, which already el-,-
ists, but not in that open and positive manner as is both
wish to be understood, as advocating a codification necessarycodificationun-
ai
der the sanction of the Legislature. What we desire itF
a reduction of the common law of England into a cede
by the first lawyers in the land, always be it lou'wn
wnisngde'shiroabwlecv,ewr'e dtiolant not
under the controul of the Lord Chancellor, the twele '
Judges, the Vice Chancellor, •and Alaster of the Felts,.
and the Law Officers of the Crown. Any attel t
liPt •-
effect this reduction by the Legislature we should lui).st,
decidedly deprecate, and that for 'reasons Which, Ill)
the course of these observations, will he 1, o
I'3'e
plain, and- we think we may add, irresistibiet-r
We desire to tee something like the pro9"3
edicts, and the edit*: translatitia, of the , 17,0"' 'l'4 •
The first being certain rules published by every'
prastor at the entrance upon' his office, and sirifY",t
the methods or prinCiples whereby he propose to
.al'ic
minister justice, and which were exhibited in Inivvd
Court for the inspection of suitors; and the' so" 0
being the same rules only confirmed by a subseVe
44
Ti land is eviaeto
prietor. me common fa, of En- 1 cr.
by two sources, first, long continued custom, awl,
.5
condly, and chiefly, the determinations of the Jmtc, _
in the Courts of Law. These determinations are ina le
whiel',
upon certain principles of natural justice, mid
e, ~,
if published before-hand, would have been call Li ::,
decided C°
Rome, edicta pratoria. Therefore the a
s, fe'
may be said to shut up and inclose these principle
,he ; g
from whence they may be extracted by throwing, '."'„,l
of law together., slo_
cases, upon one particular branch
supported' if v'
drawing thence a rule which shall be ,he awl-
hit one case alone. by the whole together. A

b

"

eulty and labour 'of -thi4 then. ta k Inay-,
from thic:, he
easily conceived, PeS etially when-
.
dut 'added,
y of the compilers would be ti
law 0 c
.., what the
ought to be, but. What it 37 to givr
amendmentSi but .to not. offer airy
lay down the , rule 'precisely as they
find it. If they stepped beyond Au's they would incur the
same risks as a codification' un:
der the sanction of the Le-
., gislature, a Consideration w) faculty.'T
.rich.adds greatly to the 4t
.
o s tow, how,.
surmountable, and also .ver.' that. the task is not in-
of code that would be .t'o'give a specimen Of the kind.
as the result of all t) 4 usei:l4,
,we give the following;
of the sale of pub'' tae,,determined,cases on the subject
1. Every office s' .to or private,omces:=
it, and it to coutr aall be given,to the person best able to execute
the sale thereof, ,try to i tbe iprinciples of public policy to permit
2. But in ar
gy deputy,: r ' , much as there are offices which ulaY be.Petfcirmed
rouble the- ad such deputy is entitled to be remunerated for his
im a poi • such deputy may agree with his principal to pay.
if any joryof the profits of the office, such portion to- crud.
an Aso' .m,not exeelling 'the-actual receipt, and not to consist of
3. ' lute and positive sitm in all events.
a r Moreover, the queStion whether'an office is saleable Ur not,
they aattO of public regulation, and not a question for a Court;
thr .'efore;• 'am office is by public regulation saleable, there.
sale will be lawful.
4. Also, where the office is in the service of a private
dual, there Rule 1 shall prevail, unless in cases of partnership all
consent to the sale. '
H, 5. Every contract for the sale of an office any way bottomed
upon, or arising, out of such sale, shall be governed by these rules,
and be void or -valid, according as it is repugnant to, or in wool-
g ant*, with them.
6. Entail brokage contracts, ox contracts for securing to 'n
agent any remuneration for prof.:uring the sale or purchase Of any
0 office, shall be absolutely void.
Such are the rides of law which regulate the sale
and purchase of ,oftices, and they depend in a small
degree upon two or three statutes, but chiefly on diq
opinions of the jUdgesi delivered in twelve different
cases, and all of them with long intervals between
them. From thiS exposition of the law on this sub-
ject, many, no doubt, will instantly say, that if
tilt rules of law were laid down thus clearly and posi-
tively, ive should never 1.i% at it losS how to judge of
our own. eases, and need not aply to a lawyer for
advice,: But only to €bow how fallacious is that opi-
nion, we will just pi:Lt a case to which the second rule
above liven will ar2ply, and ask the opinion of these
self-constitutedltr.wyers poi 1 it. Suppose then a grant of
an office by the, principal to a deputy, on, condition
that the depraty shall pay the principal a certain annual
the, not texeeeding the yearly value of' the office. Is
gm% valid or 'not ? Now here is a very simple
L'ase r.meneuinbered by facts, and free from every
consideration that might distract the attention,
or lead the mind to doubt which of the six fore-
Qing rules would apply to it ; and yet we • may
enture to say, that no person in any company,
not being a member or the profession, will give
a positive opinion whether the grant he valid or not.
And this will serve to show how perfectly nugatory it
would be td codify the • law, so far as the instruction
0f the public in the law is concerned. It is thence
(Lear that with the rule there must be the mind of a
lawyer—the mind of a person accustomed to look at
facts with a lawyer's eye—to discriminate between such
Which are important, awl such which are unimportant ;
and having brought the material facts together, to
aPply the proper rule to the ease. To do this, the
Person must not only be acquainted with the rule
that applies to the particular case before him, he must
have a general notion of the principles of law—a
thorough understanding of their whole scope and ten-
dency, and which, in truth, is a knowledge only to be
VITO by study and practice, and which a code,
it nowever ably executed, would never confer, although
might, and would undoubtedly, greatly Contribute to
its acquisition. Like as in the case of mathematics, there is no royal way td Jaw, and those who desire to
be lawyers, must be content to fag hard, and read much.
They must labour in their vocations with unceasing
assiduity, an assiduity rendered the more irksome, as
the honour and profit to arise from it is future, and
"vse than that, contingent also. • We shall revert to
this subject.

We have been favoured 'with the perusal of a letter,
from an it itelligent Naturalist in Colombia to a Gentleman
of the highest
respectability in town, and we feel much
rleaSure in laying an 'extract before the Public, because
it does great h C mtBIAN justice to t e. AGRICUL-
TURAL ASsOCIATION, who have taken much pains
to improve the Agriculture of. Colombia, by calling
its resources into action for 'the benefit of the Country.
This Association, is happily not one of those showy but
delusive projects which had been got up duringthe bubble "
Nehemiug mania, but founds its appeal to public supP6rt
on very substantial grounds. The completion pf their
laudable plan will of course meet with many obstacles
from the mountainous surface of the country which
they propose to cultivate, and the difficulty of trans-
porting the produce, from the badness of the roads,
ever a rugged and precipitous line of communication;
but there can be no doubt of ultimate success from the
eniU
s and enterprise of those engaged, supported by
y'e ample funds of the Association. The following
extract will be found highly interesting, and mabe
depended upon as perfectly correct :..--
y
TOPO, DEPARTMENT OF, CARACOAS,
• " Plenty of provisions APRIL 26, 1826., of the best,
me were always d
nut to the people, also clothes
and dicine. Theserve pro-
vision by the. Association, for the enmfort of. thepeople
while at sea, and on every occasion 'for their good isp very
creditable tothem, and cannot be tno toueh praised, as well 1
as the cenduct of the agents since the arrival of the settlers.
On the 2il December last we arrived itt La Guayra,.—
Out of two hundred and one passengers, old and
young,
only seven .sickly children died. In about twenty days
after our arrival the settlers were conveyed here, which is
only:time miles from the port. When I, inform you that
there e 4., uo..rostiefferther than an 9ra highland track in
this country, you may believe it was 119 easy matter to
convey people, provisions, and luggage here, and the ex-
pence wait certainly great. Every coliveniency was afforded
to the people,,end a large range of good buildings was pro-
vided for them until they get on their lots. You will
he glad to.leerie that the agents, wee ere most respectable
4nit wortht people '(Englishmen), 'received us kindly,
and
treat us Witch respect, as well as the other Officers of the
Association. We did not,eortitrienee tiny farms 'nr gar-
dens; but preparations are going on for these purposee.-....
The,Aasociation has other possessions in other quarters of
this .emerry.
.This, is. ii hilly and niountaincius country,
eovered with, Almost every sort of beautiful. tree and
plant—or
, to
these the the people cut and burn every
d
t ground for useful phrposca; Coffee,,cotton, ay Variety of fruits they plant for use end: market. Vege.
tables eroW'well, and 1 am sure so will barley and 0at5.....
nPerhaps. wheat—so will .potatoes. man with a little
teeney, set free here, would do well ; but without it' he
mast labour,. The climate is 'good and the people healthy;
f')01. morning and evening;' hut, mitkley. A'shirt end
Gaol,
trowsere are all the natives use. They Sleep in the
‘%t hack nods night,,and have only a bit of blanket to. cover
ere• They are quick,`. stout, well-formed men, mostly
11.! ; are the women, but not so handsome. Some
vreoleledies are pretty, and well complexioned. They dress

grandly ; few English in the 'country ; and nothing Apicett
but Spanish. La Cruayrals a small neat fot:titied race.
CaraCCBB is a City, 'containing-About 111,000 inliabt ants,
regularly built tont neat ; every part of the country
bears sad -proofs of the effects of the war and .earth 7
quakes; consequently poor and expensive to 'live- ia.
—We are, .however provided with every' thing. Beet
and goats are tolerably plentiful, and so are fowltk,
fine ton. ' Vegetables and Indian
.corn are good,
and 'common food for' the natives.: Rum and Claret arc
our drink. ASees end mules, which are tine, are plenti-
ful, but dear, thirses are sometimeagood t 00..„ N4t many
wild beasts, and no mosquitoes, but plenty other dies which
are very annoy Mg, Vine 'Apples grow in the. mountains,
and are sold from- one to,two rids, abonefroni fiVe to
ten for a shilling'. All other EuropeaU fruits grow in
abundance."

The hosyhtal atilt 'camp at St. Omer. has been
burnt, but fortonately: 240 sick have been saved. :•
The following iS an ektract of a letter from, Gibral-
..
tar,
.thited June 29, 1826 :
The Colombian, privateer schooner iisePtddican', Capt. Pardolf,
having been chased for tsve days 1w a Spanish vessel of war to the
westward of the Straits, put in here on the 27th irist. the day be<
fore which she captured the brig .Madonna del Cernreii, Carboni,
inaSter,, from Cadiz bound to. this port, with a cargo .of salt;
liud some merchandise, destined by, this privateer, alSo arrived,
and on the afternoon of the. 27th the Spanish boinbard San An-
tonio, 'captured some time before by her, 'brought here,. and
afterwards carried to sea, but without .bet cargo, which it seems
had been disposed of, and transhipped into a Sardinian vessel, at
the back •of the Foci:. Some of the consignees of 'the
MadOnna ticd earmen's cargo having made a declaration
on oath that the salt, which was British :Property,. had
asterfthrown overboard .by the captors. Captain ,Copeland, of hie
Majesty's surveying ship, Aliisti.th ordered the Ninth c, Cater, to
take possession of the privateer and her prizes at their anchorage,.
which wets promptly done. The privateer has been dismantled,
and Allier papers sealed up, and as soon as the quarantine is ex-
pired, it is supposed an investigation will take. place, when it is
believes' many unjustifiable acts will come to light committed by
her. The Afastiffbas just sailed to protect the Lady Canipbril
to Cadiz.

An idle rumour prevailed in the City this; morn-
ing, that Messrs. Hustossoli and. ItowlsoN- had
resigned in consequence of some difference in the Ca-
But the Citizens Waggishly say, that this' story,
has been set afloat to make up the difference in some
of the Beat Accounts.
It is said that the local situation of the country ope-
rates greatly to depress the funds and that petitions
from Manchester and other manufacturing, towns, are
going to be presented to. his MAJZSTY, imploring him
to adopt some measures fbr the amelioration of theh
distressed situation.

Accounts from Bayonne state, that the garrison of
that place is going to be reinforced. Accounts from
Corfu of the 20th of 'June state, that Epirus and
Macedonia are in open insurrection. The country
is full of armed bands, who proclaim, their inde-
pendence.

By a letter from Barbadoes, dated the 4th of June
last, it appears that the Busiris, with ordnance stores,
was wrecked a few days previous to the above date, on
the same rocks off that island, that the transport Ship-
ley went to pieces, about three months since, both of
I,4tich were laden with ordnance stores, and all lost.
Fortunately, the crew and passengers of both vessels
were saved.

THE FUNDS.

CITY, Twelve o' Clock.

After the close of the English Stock Exchange yesterday, some
bargains were done in Consols at a reduced rate, and, this morn-.
Mg they opened at 761 '7; at which 'price they are heavy, occa-
sioned by a considerable quantity of money Stock having been sold,
together with reports of differences in the Cabinet. In the
Foreign Market, Mexican and Columbian Bends have fluctuated
considerably ; the former fell nearly 2 per Cent. on the opening
price, 48, the latter frorn 311 to 4; and hate been doneat 32,1 ;
Brazilian Mining ShartWhave been sold 'e 41 pm., hitt have gone'
back to Si 4 ; in the other Shares nothing. doing ; in United
Mexican a further fall may be quoted, being at 45 discount.
Three, per Cent. Consolti, 76i 7; Ditto for Account, 761 7; •
India 4 per Cent. Bonds, 16 18 pm.,; Exchequer Bills, 11 12 pm.;
4 per Cent. Scrip, j pm. ; 4 per Cent:,-New, 931'; India Stock,
228 ; Bank Stock, 198
Fon/tic:B ~Foins.—Brazilian, 53 5; Buenos Ayres, 49 51 ;
Chilian, 34 6 ; Colombian, 1822, 32 3; Ditto, 1824, 33 4'' ;
Greek,lli 12 ; Mexican, 5 per Cent., 41 3.; Ditto,' 6 jar Cent.,
47 `St; Peruvian, 23 5 ; Russian, 80} ; Spanish, 74 8.

. .
Maxis..-Ariglo Nletican, 45 40 die. ; United Ditto, 701 9
dia. ; Paseo Peruvian, 104 9 dia. ; Brazilian; "4 pm. ; Colombian,
2 4 per share; toliver, 3 5 pm. ; Tlalpuxahua; 10 b dia.
SHARES.--Alliance. Fire and Life, 7 8 per share ; Ditto Ma-
rine, 1 ilii. ;. British Iron Company, 28' 6, die. ; Welch Iron
and Coal, 18 16, (hi.

Two o'clock.

The British Funds continue to drop ; Consols have been for a
moment At 761; sellers, and are now 76i ; the continuation for
August is about, 1- per Cent.-; New 4 per Cents., 93 I ; per
Cent- Reduced, 771; 4 per
..Cent., 921 *; Exchequer Bills, 10
12 pm. ; India Bonds, 15 17 pm. ; Mexicali Securities are 46 jt ;
6. 1.
Colombian per Cent., 92 ln the Share Market, Anglo
Mexican are 45 dis,,; United Mexican, Al ; and del .Monte,
100 dis.
rtnue. CL 0 C
3 per Cent—Comois, 76i ft ;. 6 per Cent. Mexican,
45. k. 6 ; Ditto Colombian, 32 32e.

FOUR o'CLOCK---CLOSING PRICES.
a:;r1sols 76 if Danish Bonds 54
Do. for Op. 76 I Greek Do. 1825 —.
Brazilian Bonds Mexican Do. 1825, 481
Buenos Ayres Do. 48i Peruvian Do. 24
Chilian Do. Russian Do. sai
coi,imbiari, 1824, 32 Spolisit Do. 71

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

LLOYD'S.--(Tim am)

DEAL, jut, ini,......wind Dl.W.—Passed for the River, the
•
Ann, Williams, from Malta; the Elbreek, 1114 Kean, for hlezieo ;
passed from the River, the Cornwall, Young Husband; and
Jessie, Winter, for India ; and Layton transport, to the westward.
Remain, the Elizabeth, Duncan, for Malta.
IlonvastouTu, Juts 19.—Wind N.W.--His INlajesty'm Fillip
!:,lan 041, for South America, went out of harbour, and remains at
,mithead„ Sailed the Lalla Rookb, Stewart, for hladras ; Coro_
ivoi,a.indeneeol,:l3o:sionsys
innafora,34!;el4:ialceg.;,.
flomhirig.hßlaarnbcdaendroz,iesi ..k;l.itaenhciellE,
gfgoiritNonewirlanlr;-
port, for Chatham. -'
i„,rittl7c°oouttki:,fl../ountivAnNtirlaWiniu(3l4l,,ld.aWy.s.-;;-Off the Port, 'the West
NeW DolPhin, Atwell, from
hanti, from Havanna_in
36
da".
,for 4 y.'
---ea'' u • lig
Dublin; and'Wil.
ham K. -the Pelorus,. Gordwm, for..
, Kier., !cant& ' " '

-- .
' MaNbitErralt, Jutir.
have entirely subsided, further than their gathering in
groups at the end of their streets, and conversing urn
Two of the xer7
16.-;:-The movements of the people
their hard.lot andeommon misfortunes. ~Two
sons taken tit Middleton have been
;discharged, and four
stand committed for want of bail. it was rumoured' yeS-
*day that a meeting would be held at Oldhartitike'
nothing of the kind tcUik place. At Tandle Hill there
IVas a slight assemblage or ' felt
People, who dispersed Without
Coming to any resolution, or adopting an ).' m easure.
,

Hops.--Thereports of the growing crops of flops 11P"
the whole havoc not been 'so favotunblQ4,l4.st week.
duty haaineonsequence Cleaned to 1.00,000/,,notwithstand-
ing the market has experienced a further reductionof 10s.
pfer cwt., in which, however, considerably more is doing
in new and yearlings.

LAiir-IgTELLIGEi•ICE:

. ,
tOUFtr OF 'CHANCERY.—(Tani DAY.)
• n• routt-rr,
Hortie, .a,day'-or two agd, obtained the permission
,of the Court to make motion in . this meg: mo-
tion lay in a • Woyd (a ChanCety word),l. Mr: Phdliwore
was on the'other side, and they object-co: his them was, to
put in iclrce au t t tie hto ent ,Nulett ror not-pay-
ing into :Court '3oook and a' fraction; in his character of
administrator of his father,; agreeably to an order of this,
Court. When the motion 'for the, order, &Odin); the
'piyrnent, was made, Mr.:' Phillimdre' assumed, that, his,
client
th.cw0.0.44i,r judgotent creditor, and on that understand-
ing Was madef sinee.then the Court of ,King's
Bench has derided, that Mr. Phillimore's client was only
a simide contract ereditet, and therefore the claim stood
now on
the
a different ground. Under these,eiream-
stances, the present .lilfplication was, to restrain the plain-
tiff from enforcing his attachment:
Mr. Phillitnore Considered this application exactly on a
'C pare With a the other inons mae by Mr; Horne in this
as. she tio d
whole 'of the statement now male, wEix with-
out an atom of evidence to support it. The order for the
pay;nent was Made by, the Vice-Chancellor, as long ago
RS the Feel' 1814; yet the money had hOt ,-et been
paid.. It Was 'a mis=statement to say that he appeared for
esingle creditor, either a judgment or simple contract
'creditor ; the fact 'was, he represented the whole
body of the late Mr. Poulett's creditors, whose claims
against the estate amounted to more than 30001. It
;appeared by the Master's iteljtri't a,Chio/ atsets had
'been received by the
,defendant, as the administrator of
his father, and that 2,0004 Of it had been paid by him,
and the-baltme vat whin Wag now ought tti t'e brought
into Cfourt.; Mr. 'Home had not thought proper to state
any part of the case accurately; it was therefore necessary
for him (Mr. P.) to state the ground on Which Mr. Pou-
lett resisted the payment of the xnotv;
Mr. Horne interrupted Mr. philtimore to take the
judgment of the Court, whether Mr. Phillimore ought to
be allowed to enter so fully into the ease as he-proposed.
The course he was about to take, would lead to a.discus-
sion of the entire case.
Us Lordship inquired, whether there was any point un-
der appeal to him
Mr 4 Horne said there was an appeal pending.
His Lordship then said he should hear the appeal, and
the present motion together, on Wednesday next, as he
now saw very clearly, that this word 'of a motion would
occupy just as much time as hearing the appeal.
Mr. Phillimore felt obliged to the-Court for advancing
the appeal, and undertook to do nothing till after Wed-
nesdaY.