The Sun.
London, England, 1817-09-03 00:00:00

" RELIGIOUS LIBEIZTY.

" The Co,tVention between Pope Pins VII.
and the Kingol Prance, appears to have at ratted.
more attention in this country.transaetiotne
Ut ari ordinary kind between foreign Potentates
usually provoke. Let the real case stand as it
u ill, it wonld seem, from the official doenment
signed by M. illacAs, as Envoy F4xtraordinary of
his %losr Christian Majesty, that there are some
pretensions set up by the Holy See to interfere in
the civil govertiMent of nations, which are not to
the taste of the present age, and which cannot be
suffered to pass, without sonic sort of disavowal
bring mane by the real hiemis of Ci% it Liberty.
The Cousittitional C,,arter of France—that to
hicl, both and l'eople have sworn fealty—
coot 4i•s the explicit declaration of certain funda-
mental things, as the common right of the nation,
in their politic capacity, as unalterable privileges—
acknowledgments to be held sacred for ever, and
destined for the. freedoM, happiness, and peace of
Ole people at large. Among those things, so con-
sented to between the nation and their Govern.
roent, the free exercise of religion, by All sects and
communities of Christians whatsoever, form, an
explicit covenant, to the due observance of which
the parties are soieninly held. This free exercise
elf religion, is not made out of an indifference to.
rill religion—because, the same document, the
same record of the public rights, in which is re-
gistered the right of all Christians to the tree -ex-
ercise of their religion in France, recognises, at
the same time, generally, and•explicitly, the Etonian
Catholic religion as the religion of the State. The
Ittloinied religion, and all others protesting, in
doctrine or in spit it, against the tenets of time
Church of Rome, appear to have obtained- no-
thing, of ;I very positive nature, by this Constitu-
tional Charter. They have a right to worship
God, unmolested by the Law or by the Magis-
trate : but their respective religions are wholly left
to their spiritual iirfinence--..-and the one religion
only, namely, the religion of the Church of
ac,:ording to the laws and privilegesin-
sisted upon by the Galilean Church, is identified
with the State.

" This established supremacy of the Church of
%nue, inl4.e,nce, may hate saeidied a very zealous
Pope of the 19111 century. But it scents that Pins
tile VII., notwithstanding, entertained some fears
for the Church at the head of which he is placed,
In conseqnence of this Cove ant, cowained in the
COtotitutional Charter, guaranteeinV. to an wen
th-. tree exercise of their religion ;...—and it ,4,,„„id
appear, that those feats extracted from his 11,1i-
ro-ss certain Retnotistrote,!s, or,
at least, certain
Declarations, upon wh.en it was thought neces.
naryby the French Government to come to sonic
explanatian. This is plaiely inferable from the
Declaration of M. Blacks, who ittfi!ans, that " his
Most Christian Majesty hail leartiel, with gt.eat
pain, that some 'articles of the Constirutinnal
Charter which he has confetred on his subjects,
bad appeared to his Holiness contrary to the la•vs
of rvitgibui and to the religious sentiments which
Majesty bad never ceased to profess." The
Declaration, after other matters, " protests, in
the Udine of his Majesty, and according to the
sentiments which belong to the eldest Son of the
Church, that after having declared the Catholic,
Apostolic, and Itifinait Religion to be that of the
State, it was incumbent upon his Majesty to de-
clare, to all those his subjects who professed tliosc
other persua,lons establidied in France, the fire
exercise of religion, and to seCare that liberty by
the Charter and the oath of the Sovereign."
" After ris, there cannot exist a doubt, but
that the articles of the Charter, which guaranteed
the free exercise of religion, were those which
his Holiness the Pope complained of as appearing
to him contrary to the laws of religion, and to
Vie religious sentiments protesed by Louis XVIII.
that is to say, that it appeared to him to be con-
trary to the laws or religion—his religion being
that of the Church of Rome—that the tree exer-
cise of religion should he allowed by law. No
other imaginable construction can 'be put upon
the language expressed in M. Blacas's documeot.
Ju the first place, it strikes many as an intolera-
ble pretension, utterly at variance with every
principle of Civil Liberty, that his holiness the
-Pope shoidd, in any respect, interfere with the
bestowed by any Sovereigo
system of civil polity
upon his subjects, or agreed to conventionally
between both. The Pope, It is said, pretends
Merely to a spiritual authority in matters relating
to religion. If this be the case, what right had
the Pope to meddle with the civil adjustments of
France What right had he even to complain
of any thing which an independent Sovereign
State may think it proper to do, in its owl, infe-
rior concerns ? Between France and the Pope,
there is no imaginable lieamcnt, save what a
Church administration, subject to the supremacy
of the Pope, may claim----how, tken, could the
roF, with any shadow of right, pretend to ar,
raign any principle which France had thought
proper to lay doWn as fundamental, in the scheme
of her civil polity ?
" To the principle of such interference, every
mean, whose breast contains a single spark of pure
liberty, will object—he will protest against it—

We received this morning the Paris Papers of
Sunday last.—The following are Extracts :
" PARts, ALTO. 31 —The Count de Ruppin
(King of Prussia) set out yesterday morning at 3
o'clock.

" Yesterday ot ten, the two Committees of the
Interior, and of War, of the Council of State, as-
sembled at the Hotel of the Chancellery, by spe-
cial order of the Keeper of the Seals; M. Becquny,
Under Secretary of State in the department of the
Interior, presided.
" General Debelle, whose sentence was by the
clemency of the King commuted for ten years de-
tention in a State Prison, and who was confined
in the citadel of Besancon, has been by the fur-
ther grace of the Monarch, and us believed at the
intercession of the Duke d'Angouleme, set et
liberty.

" Many English continue to arrive in France.
They write from Boulogne, that the number of
English families who have established themselves
in that town and its environs, to pass the summer,
artmunts to nearly 1,500.

" The Frankfort Journal states, under date
Aug. 10, that the officers, sub-officers, and sol-
diers of the Swiss Guard of the King of France,
who had gone to their country on leave of absence,
or to recruit, have been recalled, and are to re.
turn to join their corps.

" Letters from the Brazils statv, that the Co-

ronation of Lb Most Faitl.ful Majesty took place
on the 6th of Aptil.
" Yesterday the Ministers for Foreign Affairs
and General Police transacted business with his
Majesty.

" The Marshal Duke de Reggio accompanies
the Count de Ruppin to the frontiers.
The Count de Ruppin visited Versailles on
Thursday.

" There were in France, before the Revolution,
139 sees ; the Concordat of 1801 suppressed 90.
According to the new Concordat there will be 92
secs, that is to say 42 more than in the former,
and 47 less than in the ancient order.

" They write from Calais that there is still the
same bustle RI that port. The number of persons
from England who have disembarked there from
the Ist July to the 24th August was 4,373 ; that
of persons who embarked, 2,791. Thus in 55
days 7,164 travellers have passed through Calais.

" The Gazette of Parma denies the assertion of
several Journals which designate that city as the
birth-place of Martinez, Chief of the Rebels of
Perna►nbuco. There is only one family of that
name at Parma, and of which no individual
has quitted his native city to wander in other
countries.

" Marshal Davonst, Prince of Eckmnbl, was
presented yesterday to the king. It is understood
that he will this day receive from his Majesty the
baton of a Marshal of France.

" The Count Maxime de Choiseul d'Aillccourt,
Prefect of Orleans, author of a very good work on
the spirit and influence of the Crusades, was on
Friday elected a Member of the Academy of In-
scriptions and Belles Lettres, in the room of M.
Choiseul-Gouffier, his node.

"'They write from Brussels the 27th tilt. that
the Infant of Spain, Don Francis Paul, on taking
leave of the King of the Netherlands, received
from his Majesty the Grand Cross of the Order of
the Belgic Lion. The Prince set ant the 27th for
Amsterdam. Acccording to the same letters, the
Court of Brussels was about to be occupied im-
mediately with the trial of a person of distinction
Who is contumacious.

" FIVE PER CENTS.—Saturday, 68f. 45c.
" MADRID, Auo. 19.—Measures are taking to
obtain two-thirds of the general contribution un-
der the new plan of Finance, by the Ist of Sep-
tember next.

" The Badly de Tatischeff enjoys here the high-
est consideration. Our relations with Russia ap-
pear still very close and very amicable.
" INSPRUCK, AUG. 20.—The following is the
most recent news from Italy :
All the Austrian troops have now quitted the
kingdom of Naples. The Coitnt de %Valmoden,
General in Chief of the Austrian Corps d'Arm6e,
has left:.-Naples for Rome, with all his Staff.
The Neapolitan troops not being yet suf-
ficiently numerous, it is understood that the
Court of the Two Sicilies has agreed with Eng-
land for 'the latter Power to give up to it two of
the Albanian Regiments which are in the pay of
Great Britain. It is also understood that the
Court of the Two Sicilies will take into its ser-
vice two Swiss Regiments, if it can conclude a
military capitulation with the Cantons.
The Pope has sent Colonel Galassi to Bo-
logna, to form a corps of gendarmerie of the three
Legations. They are to be named the corps of
Carabineers. It seems scarcely possible to re-
establish public safety in the States of the Church.
It is even nearly the same in the Austrian Pro-
vinces in Italy, where the Government has so
much greater resources, and can employ a greater
number-of troops against the brigands. The en-
virons even of Milan are not cleared of malefac-
tors, who frequently attack travellers and couriers.

The Princess of Wales ha decided to pass a
part of the Sun.mer and Autumn in a villa near
Bologna.
The price of grain has fallen in the half of
Italy. In the States of the Church there is now
abundance. The culture of potatoes is much
augmented. The epidemical disorders have di-
minished.'

" FIAbIEURGIT, AUG. 20.----The Icing and Queen
of Denmark quitted Altorm co-day to continue
their journey by Pinncberg.

" iNiuNrcH, Auo. 23.----The last letters from
Italy make no further mention of the conferences
which were to have taken place at LUCC%-1. Car-
dinal Gonsalvo has been indisposed for some time,
and cannot take the journey.

" EVe lesrn the arrival of the Prussian Minister
of State, M. Guillaume de Humboldt, at Carls-
bad. He will shortly return to Frankfort to finish
the negociations respecting the territorial arrange-
ments.

MArnutt, AUG. 9.—The Cemi•orship on the
Mess is ie-e,tablished .on the same footing as it
was in the month of November 1814, when it was
confided to the direction of the Councillor of
Castile, Don Joseph Colon. Don Francis LN.lario,

Member of the same Counc:!, is now charged
with it. This Magistrate is the Supreme Judge
with regard to books in general. The Tribunal
of the Ingoisition is only occupied with what has
been already printed, and by virtue of express de•
nonciation.

" Old Castile is still overflowing with wheat.
The produce of the iast harvest has sold at a very
(ow price, or rather :las not been sold at all: The
barns arc en-cumbered. The present harvest,
however, is not ao favourable as had been hoped,
the great heat having injured the quality of the
grain."

(From the. Boston Conwercial Advertiser Of Aug. 8)

On Monday Commodores BAINBRIDGE, EVANS
and PeLily, General SWIFT, and Colonel M'ItEA,
visited this harbour in the Lynx schooner, for the "

purpose of making observation►s, preparatory to a
decision on the most suitable places for defences
of a naval dock-yard and depot. The report that
these Gentlemen arc directed to make an actual
survey of the whole Eastern Coast, is inaccurate.
Their duty, eve understand, merely r.quiring, that
they examine the entrance of harbours—ascertain
the depth of water occasionally, and as it respects,
points for defence, to take coups &cell views.

It is not enough for the spirit of Party that a
:Leasure intended for the national advantage has
not succeeded, as the Opposition Writers. are sure
to make the failure a matter of triumph. The
British Press, from which we expected a more li-
beral species of hostility to Government, has
arraigned Ministers on account of the miscarriage
of the Embassy to China. It says, that before
Lord AMHERST was sent upon this Mission, it
ought to have been ascertained whether the Bin•
peror of CHINA would have been induced to forego
the custom of prostration. No w,. as that custom
was not required from Lord Pa ,V,',AIiTNEY,
and as that Nobleman was held, in high re-
spect .by the people in China for having refused
to submit to it, there was a precedent sufficient
to justify Government in expecting that it would
be waived on the last occasion. IVe might have
hoped that The British Press would be indignant
indeed it Lord Aar lERST bad lowered the dignity/
of the Country whose Monarch. be represented,
had he submitted to a custom so humiliating and
degrading. The British Pressasks, "what greater
degradation is it to strike the ground with the.
bead before a Sovereign than to kiss his toe."—
The case is essentially different. ROMAN CA-
THOLICS may indeed kiss the toe of the Head of
their Chinch with fervent devotion, but no such
act is performed by Protestants, who merely stoop
in courtesy, and are not required to do more.
But shall the Majesty of the British Empire be
degraded by a submission of the moat abject kind,
that, once declined, was reasonably expected to
be laid aside hi reference to this Country ?—We
would rather advise The British Press to engage
in the harmless religious controversies of The
Morning Chronicle and The Courier, than to blame
Government for not consenting to degrade itself
in the eyes of all mankind. For our .part,
though we must, of course, regret that the expe-
dition miscarried, not merely on account of the
expense attending it, which seems to be the chief
grievance with The BritiSh Press, we cannot but
rejoice that it was entrusted to a Nobleman who
felt so proper a sense of the dignity of his Countri
and the honour of his Sovereign.

The Morning Papers of this day have questioned
the authority of a paragraph respecting a recent
failure at the Stock Exchange, which we inserted
yesterday ; and, to oblige a Correspondent, we
have given a letter upon the subject. Upon in.
quiry, however, this morning we tiLd, that thefacts
we stated are quite correct, and that the amount alp
bided to is No. settled at the present moment..--k
We mean no reflection upon the individual re•
ferred to, whose character, we tmderstand, iS
highly respectable, but we think it right to state
thus much, in consequence W. the correctness of
oar paragraph of yesterday having been impugnedi

CORN EXCHANGE, SEPT. 3.---Owing to the fine
state of the weather, our Market WdS exceedingly
dull for all kinds of Grain ; a few sales made itt
Fine Wheat was at Monday's prices, but there was
so little business doing, we consider the prices in►
general little. more than nominal.

The following Circular MIS received in town
yesterday from New Orleans : •
" Spani.ch Com Neiv Or.'e,rhs, 'mitt 16, 1817.
" ilis Catholic Majesty's Coosal has received official corn..
rOunications that the port of Vera Cruz is closed against all
foreign vessels, even those formerly admitted with provisions
front flies,: States."

Extract of a Letter from Montserrat, dated
July 20, received in totvn yesterday :
" There k a report here that come of the Britisli Islands
have heel) opened to American vessels. We learn by letter,
that the Islands of and Neck are opeoed to the im—
portation of American produce in British vessels."

Yestettlay, about a quarter past four o'clock,
the PRINCE REGENT and General ButnToN left
Carlton !louse ftir Windsor, awl dined with her
MAJESTY.

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SHIP NEWS.

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HULL, AUG. 30.—Arrived the Leviathan,
IlkwxtNs, from Davis' Straits, with 5 fib, 170

butt,.

DEAL, SEPT. 2,—Came down from the River,
end sailed, the Iris, for the Cape of Good Hope ;
kiirgaret, for Baltimore ; Good Czar, for Port-
titlPrince ; and the Comet, for Madeira ; also
kited the Prince Regent, for Bengal. Arrived
the Providence, SOUTH, from Hull.
PLYMOUTH, SEPT. I.—Arrived the Vansittart,
PEN N ETT. from London for the South Seas, with
her tore- mast sprung.
YoRTSMOUTH , SEPT. 2.—Sailed the Maria,
lioNue, for Havanna!' ; Symmetry, SUTHER-
LAND, for Baltimore; and Galen, TRACEY, for
liost on . . _

‘s PENZANCE, Aus. 31.—Arrived the A, B, C,
INUSTEN, iron► Rio Janeiro for Antwerp, in 80
'Lys ; she is in want of provisions.
LivEaroot., SEPT. back, with loss of

topmasts, the Orford, ROBERTS, bound to Cork.
GRAvEsEND„ SEPT. 2.—Arrived the Perceral, Stewart, from
Lleris; Loyal Briton, Holt, James and Sarah, Redpass,
atebe, Waltham, Maida, Storey, Stephon, Dixon, Editha,
Allen,from Archangel ; Policy, Munro, from the South Seas;
Nelson, Brown, Ferdinand, Crantern, Penryn Castle, Laird, •
trotn Datitxig ; Prince George, Williams, from Virginia; So-
phia Maria, Hurtli, Duchess of Cumberland, Hasle, Provi-
4entia, Peterson, and Industry, Aumberson, from Norway;
Leda,' Lucy, from Jamaica; Undaunted, Desormant ;
,ttry, Walsh ; industry, Green; Ann, Walker—from Peteis-
°tlty,h; Euplian, Drysdale, trom Pillau ; Denmark, Norris,
from
Gaffe; Recovery, Burnet, from Memel ; Lavinia, Bailey,
Copenhagen. ; Harvey, Hardy, from Onega ; Amphion,
Walrout, from Stockholm ; Juliana, Webber, from Quebec ;
Jane, Wheatley, from Gottenburgh; Venus, Burton, from
Sailed the Hermes, Bond, and Aurora, Aikin, for Ha-
ll:mail ; Thomas, Bowman, fur Halifax; George and James,
Antierson, for Sierra Leone; Aigle, Buclum, for Dieppe ;
41snger, Wood, fur Elsineur and Stettin.