The Sun.
London, England, 1828-08-09 00:00:00

EPITAPH ON A LATE LORD AIAYOR.

(BY TIIE AUTHOR OF THE LORD MAYOR'S 'VOYAGE OF DV;

covEßy To oxreßn.)
Here lies a great man what was onm a Lord Mayr,r,
But left this here world fur to co to that thvre.

t
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SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
The present seems to be a critical moment of
the campaign between Turkey and her invaders.
Although Silistria, Giurdzio, and Rutshuk re-
main unhurt upon the Danube, that river has in
other points afforded a passage to the bulk of
a which is fairly launched into
Irkish empire, and is in deter-
scarcely interrupted progress
:antinople side of the Balkan
.rs as if the Emperor Nicholas
:ous work upon his hands be-
er himself past the main diffi-
,xtensive undertaking. The
on the Danube still occupy
of his army, and weaken the
le announces his intention of
Hemus. The communications
cad-quarters with the sea can-
any useful existence, until he
the port and very formidable
, which stands, according to
le distance of 54 miles from
!etion of E. by S., with Pra-
t, and about midway between
.sons talk of the resistance
:s in some affairs of cavalry, the
which they have yet shown
?ir antagonist, as exhibiting
nsuccessful, gallantry. One
in the last bulletin (July 14)
to hays occurred six or seven miles beyond
Couslidjeh, was evidently nothing more than a
cover for a reconnoissance made in great force
(the bulletin says 8,000 men) by a body of ca-
valry under the command of Hussein Pacha,
which had converged upon the advanced guard
of the Russians from the two points of Shumla
and Pravada, and after having felt the pulse of
the invader, and ascertained the direction of his
movements, retired with the speed of Turks,
one upon Shuinla towards the west, the other
towards the south upon Pravada. The bulletin
describes a skilful and enterprising effort of the
Turks to cut off a portion of the Imperial Hus-
sars, and acknowledges a loss on the occasion of
from 70 to 80 men. The Russians have made
a halt at Couslidjeli, some miles short of Jos-
sitepe, the scene of the sharp affair we have
mentioned, until the head-quarters can be re-
inforced by the 9th division of infantry, and
the 9th corps darne. Now the conjectural
and hazardous part of this interesting subject
begins. The Russians have it in their power to
march to a direct attack upon Shumla, de-
fended, as report says, by 50,000 or 60,000
Turks, by an immense artillery, and by na•
tiral obstacles, which, united, have invariably
proved fatal to every former assailant ; or,
while they mask this fortified camp in front,
they may attempt to turn it, by moving nearly
due south upon Haidhos from Pravada, which
latter place is but a short march from Couslidjeh,
the head-quarters of the Imperial army, accord-
ing to the last bulletin. The road from Pra-
vada to Haidhos lies through Topenitza, which
two places are but 27 miles asunder—Topenitza
on the north of the High Balkan ; Haidhos on
the south of it ; but both directly between
Shumla and Constantinople—Haidhos, more-
over, in immediate communication with the
port of Burghez, on the Euxine, of which it is
probable that a , Russian squadron might take
possession without much risk or trouble. Bute
the port—for there is also a town called
Burghez—is little more than 80 miles from the
capital, the straight road to which runs through
kirklesi, and leaves another supposed rallying
point of the Turkish army, viz. Adrianople,
-about two days' march to the right. It
would appear from the line of retreat pur-
sued by one division of the Turkish cavalry,
engaged in the skirmish of ,Tossitepe, that the
eaetern road from the present Russian -head-
quarters upon Constantinople is either to be de-
fended, or pretty closely watched. Should the
:Emperor advance by that route, with a view to
traverse the Balkan by Topenitza, and so get
into the rear of Shumla, it is hardly to be pre-
sumed that a moderate force of Turkish soldiers
will he able for any length of time successfully to
obstruct his progress. The main hope of the
Turks is placed, to all appearance, on the for-
tified position and numerous garrison of Shumla ;
and with such a general disparity of strength as
well as military knowledge, there seems ho
reasonable ground for expecting that a succes-
sion of inequalities of surface in a apace of 30
miles, from Topenitza to Haidhos, will have any
other effect than to secure a victory to the mose
skilful of the combatants : at the same time we
know nothing of the amount or disposition of
the Turkish troops on this eastern route ; nor, to
way the truth, do we believe that a still more im-
portant circumstance has been ascertained,—viz.
the practicability of moving an army with its
artillery and its equipments, even if unopposed
hy an enemy, along the road from Pravada to
Topenitza, the other route, namely, from
Shumla thither, being the principal (and that
an indifferent) avenue to the Turkish capital.
—Of course, if the Russian Generals think
fit to land the necessary guns and stores
at Burghez, a great part of the above hypo-
thetical difficulty will be at once surmounted.
It may be recollected that in 1810, when the
Russians had been for five or six years in undis-
turbed occupation of the whole of Bulgaria ;
That is, of the country from the Danube to the
Balkan, they never turned the capabilities of this
eastern road to any more profitable purpose than
;In incursion upon Roumelia by thee Cossacks.
We are told, indeed, from all quarters, that the
Emperor Nicholas has decided to assault the r
i-
sition of Shumla, instead of turning it, an ope-
ration from which his military advisers anticipate
revere fighting, and copious bloodshed, and
that continued for ',many days through ninety
miles of mountain passes. Unquestionably, if
there be but a chance of success, the prise is
7,tre to satisfy the most gigantic ambition. But
the encounter of such a mortal hazard proves
that there is no other alternative within the
choice of Russia, and that Shumla is in fact
what the Turks have always regarded it, the key
of their European empire. The next despatches
will he looked for with eager interest, as ap-
proximating to the grand conflict on which the
'Lite of Turkey may depend. One feature in the
war, and an awful one we consider it, is the
abandonment of the country, as the invaders ad-
vance, by the whole of the Turkish population.
This goes far to prove the degree of nationality,
and therefore of importance, affixed to the pre-
sent contest. In Persia there was no such dm,.

If we are to credit the Paris Papers, a design
is entertained by Austria to obtain possession of
the dominions of the. King of Sardinia, on the
death of the reigning Sovereign, under the pre-
text of the Prince of Carignano not being de-
scended, by the mother's side, from a Sovereign
house. The ground is thus stated by the Jour-
nal des Debats :—" The elder branch of the
House of Savoy has no male children the

daughter of the King of Sardinia has married
the Duke of Modena. The younger branch of
i the House of Savoy is continued in the person
of the Prince of Carignano. His rights, in the
order of succession to the Crown, are incon-
testible ; but he is reproached with descend-
ing from a marriage contracted with the daugh-
ter of a gentleman of good family, but not
of a Sovereign house. It is wished to ex-
clude from the heritage of his fathers a Prince
who is called to it by the rights of blood,
and rase from the rank of Sovereign families
the noble race of Savoy, so fertile in great
Princes and in great Captains." We are not
of course, prepared to discuss the question of
title, which must be determined by the under-
stood rule of succession in the House of Savoy,
explained, where there is doubt, by the analogy
of neighbouring States.—lf a Prince cannot
succeed in his order because his mother was not
of a Sovereign house, we may well question the
wisdom of such a rule. A large octavo volume
has just been published, under the title of
" Commentaries on the causes, forms, symptoms,
and treatment, moral and medical, of Insanity,"
by George Man Burrows, M.D„ Member of
the Royal College of Physicians of London,
&c. &c., in which we observe it is laid down,
that—" Among the highest ranks, hereditary
insanity is more common than among the lower;
for the former most frequently contract marriage
with their own rank, or even with their own family.
Hence, wherever the system of clanship, or fa-
mily connexion, has been most strictly preserved,
there it most prevails. Examples are numerous in
ancient Scottish families; and insanity is more
common in Scotland than in any country. So,
likewise, in all nations or sects, whose civil or
religious institutes enforce intermarriage." He
observes, that " Insanity among the Society of
Friends, who usually intermarry in their own
fraternity, is very prevalent ;" and so much so,
indeed, is this the case, that, according to the
computation of Mr. Tuke, of the Quakers'- Re-
treat for Lunatics, near York, " one in two hun-
dred of the Society of Friends become deranged
—a proportion so frightfully great, that if it were
assumed for the population it would give up-
wards of a hundred thousand insane persons for
the United Kingdom." The same writer ob-
serves, " when one parent only has been insane,
or inherits the predisposition, some of the chil-
dren may partake of the constitution of the one
and some of the other ; and those who most re-
semble the parent exempt from predisposition
will be most likely to escape insanity." We
quote these opinions of a physician experienced
in the treatment of this most afflicting disease,
without presuming ourselves to determine on the
degree of authority to which they are entitled.
But assuming their truth, anti that where one
parent only has the disease or predisposition the
children may or may not inherit it, we may thus
account for the spread of the malady in illustrious
families intermarrying with each other, as com-
pared with families in common life. As the
numbers affected bear but a small proportion to
the population, the predispositions are counter-
acted in low life by the marriage into sound fa-
milies,. by which they will often be extin-
guished.
On the other hand, by the intermar-
riage of families closely connected with each
other, the diathesis must be constantly propagated.
It is, no doubt, owing to this absurd custom of
a few Royal Families constantly marrying into
each other that insanity or idiotcy has become so
.Common a chgrp.obarietw nr cue. 11 families. Were
a little more latitude in marriage allowed, instead
of the disease spreading among them, it might
gradually wear out. Independently of the con-
sideration of humanity to the individuals, na-
tions, which .era often involved from the follies
' of rulers, and contes;: for the care of them, have
a deep interest in the estaiblishment of a wiser
practice. The whole of the Northern King-
dams were at one and the same time afflicted
by the spectacle of insanity on the throne ; we
allude to the time when Paul reigned in Russia,
Gustavus in Sweden, and the father of the pre-
sent Sovereign in Denmark. If Royalty be, as
it is said, a trust fo;., the benefit of the people,
the people have an interest in seeing that an ab-
surd pride of family should not, by disregarding
well-knowp physical laws, multiply the instances
in which Royiltlty is incapable of answering the
end for which it is ipstituted. It is true that, in
modern times, the evils rsai)ting from the inca-
pacity of rulers are much diminished by the se-
curity of sa4ccession and the stability of laws ; so
that,, in many countries, Kings are more for
form s sake than any practical use. But the cases
of Russia and Sweden prove, that, even in mo-
dern tirn,es, this melancholy malady is the cause
of dreadful calamities.—Morning Chronicle.
Considerable surprise and disgust has been
most unreasonably manifested at the appointment
of Lard Strangford (which we announced ex-
clusively three days ago) to the Embassy to the
Emperor of the Brazils. The public, it appears,
have not forgotten his adoration of the late Mr.
Canning, when alive, and hie, star in the
ascendant, And his truly prudential and diplo-
matic sneers at his policy and his talents when
he was no more. Far, however, from yielding to
the general prejudice in this respect, we are pre-
pared to vindicate the nomination of Lord
Strangford by the Duke of Wellington, as not
only in perfect keeping with the policy which
compelled Sir Frederick Lamb to resign his
Portugnese embassy, and which will render his
Grace as much more immortal than Mr.
Canning, as he :7,,f Ephesus, who burnt the
temple of Diana, i,s more renowned in
history than he who built it, The many
an& highly important points to which it
would be the duty of an Ambassador to .the
Brazils to attend, could not have been entrusted
to a wiser head, a warmer heart, or a more vera-
cious
thedmexi
dexterity
With
Vit
ah regard to the affair of Por-
tugal, all reflecting persons mutt have admired
and thR government, which at cne
same moment denounces to the world
the crimes
of Miguel, and plays off in his fa-
vour the much-abused underplot of Beresford
l If what we have now more
tiliadii jmoenrcuesetnala.
tied be correct, the resolutions of
Don Pedro have become embarrassing to our
; and as it has been
rPerseuTtiseorf that profound policy
upon the
;ressilui
which has contributed so much to our glory at
single-minded'
be Ivitlioutitseffects
who, let
Lisbon may not
less practicable Court of Rio Janeiro,
ask, can be so fit to carry it into effect as
the veracious anti truly diplomatic Strangford !
It is the determination of the English Govern-
ment either to flatter or to bully the young Em-
peror into a reconciliation with his flagitious
brother ; and his crimes are to be pardoned, be-
cause, as our Foreign Secretary has justly ob.
' served, " many of his adherents are the best '
friends of England !" Sir F. Lamb would have
been notoriously unfit, from his chivalric, un-
compromising, an'l truly English feelings, for
such a mission ; but Lord Strangford, who in
one Ehort twelvemonth (\lr. Canning died yes-

terday twelve months), has shewn such an apti-
tude both for the criminatory and complimentary
style—who can almost exalt the living, and twice
slay the slain, in one breath—is the very man
for the purpose. A better could not have been
selected, and, as we have already observed,
the reconciliation between the brothers may
almost be . considered as certain. Again,
with respect to the Brazils and Buenos-
Ayres, where the re-establishment of peace is
the only object, and where men of merely
common sense understandings would have per-
haps foolishly imagined, that a Diplomatic
Agent, who was equally acceptable to both the
contending parties, would have been most suc-
cessful in accomplishing the object in view, the
Duke of Wellington has shewn equal sagacity
and discrimination. For the purposes of peace
and conciliation he selects an Ambassador, \Nilo
has notoriously and irrevocably insulted and
offended the Argentine Republic, and acted
contrary to the express wishes of the Em-
peror of the Brazils at Lisbon. If the maxim
be true that the best mode of securing
peace is by going to war, his Grace has in this
instance proved himself an apt pupil by the selec-
tion of Lord Strangford ; for who is so fit
for carrying such a measure into effect as the
man who has denounced the amity and connec-
tion of the South American States as valueless
—who has branded them as destitute both of
principle and shame—and declared them to have
swindled by wholesale the people of England
What boots it that these bankrupt republics—
comprising in South and North America twenty
millions of the best customers Great Britain now
can boast—have the effrontery, to fling back the
charge of swindling to this side of the Atlantic?
What avails it, that unprincipled loan-jobbers
have spoiled them of millions and are in acknow-
edged debt to them ? what would suffice for the
satisfaction of the unpaid dividends of all of
them ? Valour is never so safely displayed
as against the weak ; and Lord Strangford
has had some experience in► diplomacy. Such,
we imagine, will be a part of the triumphant
vindication of the new system of political tactics
adopted by the Commander-in-Chief of the Mi•
litary Government with which we are now blessed.
The results hitherto have only tended to exem-
plify his Grace's Christian charity. Russia has
cheated and defied him—France has followed
boldly, and in his despite, schemes of ambition
and aggrandizement—Spain, impotent Spain—
beards and plunders us—Portugal seizes our
ships, and consigns our fellow-cOuntrymen to
loathsome dungeons—the name of Englishman
—once so honoured, now—

" None so poor to do it reverence."
But let us not despair ! Lord Viscount Strang-
ford, blushing for, or with, his red riband, goes
invested with full powers to bluster away the
wrongs and the shame suffered by the Duke in
the Old World upon the weak and unoffending
Governments of the New ! And is not this
enough ! ! • / I—Mo rn in bO. Advertiser.

FROM LAST NIGHT'S GAZETTE.

Office of Ordnance, Aug. 7, 1828.

Royal Regiment of Artillery.—Second Lieutenant Ed-
ward Fitzherbert Grant to be First Lieutenant, vice Wat-
kis, deceased. April 30.
Second Captain Edwin Cruttenden to be Captain, vice
Barlow, retired on half-pay. June 30.
Captain George Browne, from unattached half-pay, to
be Second Captain, vice Cruttenden. June 30.
Second Captain John William Spellen to be Captain,
vice Thompson, deceased. July 6.
Uaptatn Runt unattached half-pay, t 8
be Second Captain, vice Spellen. July 6.
Second Lieutenant William George Chart to be First
Lieutenant, vice Bisshopp, deceased. June SO.
Ordnance Medical Department.

Second Assistant-Surgeon William Richardson to be
First Assistant-Surgeon, vice Barlow, resigned. .1 tily 22.
Charles Dempsey, Gent. to he Second Assistant-Surgeon,
vice Richardson, promoted. July 22.

Whitehall, August 1.

The Lord Chancellor has appointed Thomas Mayhew,
of Saxmundham, jn the county of Suffolk, Gent. to be a
Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery.

BANKRUPTCY ENLARGED.

Jeremiah Thompson, New York, United States of
America, merchant, from Sept. 5, to Nov. 5 at twelve, at
the Clarendon-buildins, Liverpool.

BANKRUPTS.

Daniel Fowler, Fuston•square, St. Pancras, builder,
to surrender Aug. 12, 19, and Sept. 19, at eleven, at the
Court of Commissioners. Sharpe and Field, Bread-street,
Cheapside.
George Ford, Wells-street, Oxford-street, jeweller, Aug.
15, 26, at eleven, and Sept. 19, at ten, at the Court of
Commissioners. Norton, Jewin-street, Aldersgate-street.
Charles Cox, St. Martin's-lane, tailor, August 15, and
26, and Sept. 19, at eleven, at the Court of Commissioners.
Tanner, New Basinghall-street.
Thomas White, Manchester, hotel-keeper, August 27,
28, and Sept. 19, at two, at White's Hotel, Manchester.
Hurd and Johnson, King's-Bench-Walk, Temple ; Wood,
Manchester.

George Horrocks and Robert Martin, Ardwick, Man-
chester, dyers, Aug. 27, 28, and Sept. 19, at nine, at
the Star Inn, Manchester. Milne and Parry, Temple;
Potter, Manchester.
John Berry Jacques, Bristol, biscuit-baker, Aug, 27,
2S, and Sept. 19, at one, at the Rummer Tavern, Bris-
tol. Langley, Bristol ; Rosser and Son, Gray's Inn-place.

the invading army,
the body of the Tut
mined and hitherto
towards the Consta
However, it appear
will have some serif
fore he can conside
culties of this el
strongest fortresses
c.onsiderable corps
force with which h.
ssaulting Mount I
of his Majesty's he
not be said to have
- gets possession of
: position of Varna,
Dr. Walsh, at the
Shumla, in a direct
vada on the road,
them. Some pers,
made by the Turks
only occasions on
themselves to thei
much, though un
which is reported it