The Sun.
London, England, 1821-08-29 00:00:00

CERTIFICATES-SEPT. 18.

J. Stocks, Altlersgate7street, salesman—G. Fowler, Cußump-
ton, bosier-7-S. Hardwick, Birmingham, builder—N. Mence,
-Worcester, money-scrivener.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
•

A. kitching and I. Smith,,Bingley, Yorkshire, Tlumbers--
W. Bailes and J. Railes, Oxford-street, bedstead makers--T.
Brooks anaS. Nicholson, Bishopsgate-street-Without, cheese-
mongersß. Ryder and S.' Warren, Edale, Derby, cotton-
spinners.—T. E. Hobbs and J. Field, Snows-fields, Bermond-
sey, leather dressers—B. Hobday, and J. Gold, Birmingham,
factors—J. M. 'Ridgway, and Co. Huddersfield, Yorkshire,
woOlstaplerS—J. 'Congr3Ve J. Howell, Islington, cheese-
mongers—W. Brown and J. Brown,. Chester, appraisers—C.
Brooke: and Co., Sambroke-court, London, West India mer-
chants, as far as regards C. Struth—R. Chitty and W. F.
Campbell,Castle-street, Leicester-square, jewellers—J. Stevens
and P. Hammett, Plymouth, rope makers--G. H. Hain and
Co„ Old Fish-treet-hill,sugar bakers.

The thirty years' war is undoubtedly one of
the most curious and interesting epochs of mo-
dern history. It abounds, perhaps, more than
any other period in memorable events, in great
military exploits, in singular and unforeseen
...
vicissitudes, and in decisiveand important
sults. All the great nations of Europe appeared
and performed distinguished parts iu the scene,
but a small Northern People, led by a Hero,
threw over it the greatest proportion of its splen-
dor. Sweden ought to consider this epoch as that
of its heroic times.
Since the Romans, military tactics' had n o
been carried to such perfection ; never were
greater enterprizes executed with such small
means, and at no period was a more brilliant
rivalry of illustrious captains displayed. In
the armies of Austria, Wallenstein, Buquoy,
Mansfoldt, Tilly, Gallas, Piccolomini, Paper-
heim, and the brave John of Werth; among
the Swedes, Gustavus Adolphus, the greatest of
all ; Bernard of Weymar, Bannier, Tortenson,
Wrdugel, and many others not so well known,
but very celebrated in their times, who are now
unjustly forgotten, •because history not being
able to collect, nor mernory to retain every thing,
the fame of men too often is the sport of chance.
The French, auxiliaries of the Swedes, and of
the. Protestant League of Germany, distinguish-
ed themselves by their intrepedity and bravery
in the midst of their brave and intrepid allies,
and were commanded by generals whose military
reputation was not eclipsed by that of the heroes
before enumerated. Then becran that brilliant
succession of great Captains which shed a lustre
over the age of Louis'Xl V., and rendered this
Monarch for a time the arbiter of the destinies
of Europe. Among these great men, not the
least remarkable were the Marshal de Guebrjant,
the heir' f the arms of Bernard of Weymar and
of Balmier, as Ulysses was of those of Achilles,
and who was killed on the field of battle at the
head of his victorious soldiers ; and Gassion, ce-
lebrated for equally brilliant exploits, and who
died no less glorious a-death. Lastly, it was
this war, and this school, which formed a General
who was destined to eclipse them all, Turennel
th. first Cants;,-. age, or tne worthy --;"-
of the first ; and who like most or the great Ge-
nerals in this memorable war, was at a later
period stopped in his career of successes and
triumphs, and fell, in the bosom of victory.
The armies commanded by these illustrious
Generals were far from numerous. Gustavus
Adolphus had only 20,000 men at Lutzen, where
be could not be vanquished, but where he met
his death. Wallenstein, who commanded the
enemy's force, had still fewer men at the begin-
ning of the battle. The arrival of Papenheim,
with some regiments of cavalry, made the two
armies equal in point of numbers; but this General
did not come up till after the death of Gustavus,
and he also was killed by precipitating himself
amidst the Swedes in search of their king, of
whose fatal end he was ignorant, and whom be
ardently wished to contend against in person. It
seems to me that the talents of a General are
better shewn in great successes obtained by small
armies, and that greater merit then belongs to
him and is more properly his due. Cicero, speak-
ing before the greatest Captain of antiquity, does
not hesitate to attribute to fortune and chance a
large share of military successes ; but it must be
admitted that the share of fortune and chance is
considerably greater in those expeditions, where,
according to the customs of Barbarians and o

Asiatics, countless armies rush against each other;
and that it is infinitely less, or next to nothing, in
those scientific wars, where two Generals, at the
head of small corps, watch and observe each
other, lie in wait for favourable opportunities,
seek for advantageous positions, now make a
feigned attack, then convert it into a real one ;
comprehend and overlook every thing, pro-
vide against every casualty by their genius, con-
duct every operatio❑ by their orders, and ani-
mate all by their example.
These little armies then exhibit a singular
spectcle. The soldiers, knowing no other habi-
tation than tents, and no other -country than
camps, take their families with them. We some-
times see 15,000 women in an army ; and during
the thirty years war, two or three generations of
little soldiers were born, who, in the midst of
so many dangers, and subject to institutions truly
military, and to the most warlike education that
can possibly be imagined, soon become as coura-
geous as their fathers.—" At. twelve years old,"
says an historian, "children began to fire muskets
in a battle; at ten, in a besieged town, behind a
wall, if their little hands could reach so high,
they would let off arquebusades through holes
in the battlements; at six they carried victuals
to their fathers in the trenches, amid bombs
and bullets. No person ever took any notice of
these instruments of destruction, and they bad
then no more fear of the most terrible fire of ar—
tillery than we now dread thunder, or a fit of
apoplexy."
This grand epoch found in Schiller a noble
historian. The feature .he has drawn of this me-
morable war is not unworthy of the filrgh reputa-
tion of its author. However, his genips is not
always equal ; full of splendour and .vigour in
some pictures, and in some descriptions, in the

painting, of characters, and in the relartions of
battles,-it languishes in other parts, and seems
even to be extinct with the life of his hero Gus-
tavus Adolphus. After the battle of Lutzen, this
brilliant historian becomes a dry abbreviator. It
would appear that he' was tired -of his labour, 'or
was desirous of returning to other works which
were rendered dearer to him by the fame be had ac-
quired from them, and therefore hurried towards
the conclusion, neglecting the researches, circum-
stances, and details which must necessarily have
retarded his progress, but which would have
made his history more noble, more atithentic,
more instructive, and worthier of his high
name. and of the first part of tliii'work. The
battle of Lutzen wts ksight pleiiisely in the
middle of the period, comprised in the Thirty
Years' War, and divides that memorable epoch
in two equal parts, the last of which was not
less fertile than the first, in great events, equally
deserving to be recorded by the historian. It
was the last half that the- French illustrated by
their bravery and exploits; but the French are
of opinion that Schiller was not animated by any
great desire to do them full justice, or to dwell
on their triumphs; and some of the notes of M.
Manlier de Chassat are therefore designed to
avenge the honour and fame of France, which
are frequently held in little respect by German
historians.
But if these faults may be imputed to the
work of Schiller, they are redeemed by many
qualities of the first order. A bold and enlarged
spirit, Schiller traces the causes of events, and
exposes them with clearness, he detects the most
hidden springs of action and lays them open, the
mysteries of politics, and unveils them; he knows
the resources and interests of the different con.
tending powers, and furnishes excellent observa-
tions on all these points, which explain facts and
enable us to form abetter judgment of the prin-
cipal events and the principal actors. A skilful
writer, he arranges well his materials, connects
in a masterly manner his recitals, and varying
according to circumstances the style of his nar-
rative, he gives it by turns dignity, rapidity,
richness, and splendour. A great painter more-
over, he makes his reader perfectly acquainted
with the numerous heroes of this long and ter-
rible drama which agitated all Europe during a
third of the seventeeth century; the inflexible
and gloomy character of the destroyer of Mag-
deburg, Tilly ; the ardent mind and impetuoas
courage of Papenheim; the genius, pride, and
ambition of Wallenstein; the effeminacy of the
Sybarite united to the bravery of the soldier in
_J J 1111.11
all the qualities of the prince, with all the
virtues of private life, in Bernard of Wey-
mar, the greatest General of tile Allies after
Gustavus Adolphus, dying at the age of thirty-
six years, if not in battle, like the hero whom he
adopted for his model, and in the bosom of
victory, at least immediately after one of his
most brilliant deeds in arms, and one of his most
glorious triumphs ; lastly, Gustavus Adolphus
himself, eclipsing so many great men by the su-
periority of his military genius, by the ascen-
dancy of his virtues, and by the grace of his
modesty. Schiller paints this Hero in particular
by his words and actions ; he paints him also by
the enthusiasm with which people were animated t
at his approach, and which burst forth whenever
he appeared. A few days previous_ to his death,
he travelled over the plains of Leipsic, the very
same which one year before he had rendered
famous by a brilliant victory gained over Tilly,
the most celebrated of the. Austrian Generals.--
4C The inhabitants of the neighbouring districts,"
says the Historian, 4C were seen to flock toge-
" therin crowds, to admire-the Hero, the avenger,
" the powerful Monarch, who the year before had
" appeared like a tutelar angel in these very places.
C‘ Every where on his journey shouts ofjoy resound-
ed and filled the air; the people, affected at his
GC presence,' fell on their knees and adored him
" like a god ; they disputed the honour of touch-
" fug the scabbard of his sword, or the lit'm
"of his garment. The modest mind of G-usta-
" vus was moved at this affecting homage' of sin-
" cere gratitude and general, admiration. These
cc people seem to behold a god in me, said he, to
" his attendants ; I fear that the vengeance of
" Heaven sscill make me expiate such a scanda-
" loos spectacle, and may soon prove to this in-
" fatuated crowd, that I am, alas, but a weak
" mortal." Some days after, the hero fell cover-
ed with wounds at the battle of Lutzen, where
every thing tends to the belief that he would
have been. the conqueror, since even after his
death•bis brave soldiers could not be vanquished.
T.he descriptions of the
_battle of Lutzen, of
the battle of Leipsic, and of the terrible attack
on the intrenched camp of Wallenstein by the
intrepid Swedes, who were there completely de-
feated, and where Gustavus suffered a terrible,
check, the only one Which he experienced until'
his death ; and the description also of the pillage
and, burning of Magdeburg, are full of life,energy,
and interest. The last of these- descriptions
makes us shudder with horror:. houses a prey to.
the . flames, the victims- reeking with carnage,,
the people given up to the sword, and mothers,
pale and Weeding, snatching their trembling
daughters from the arms"of an infuriate soldiery.
Bu: these ferocious conquerors did not suffer their
prey to escape until they had murdered them :
they massacred those whom they had violated,
and fifty women were found in a Church without

their heads. The Croats amused themselves
with throwing children into the flames,:and.the
Walloons of PaPenheim prefered stabbing them
on the breasts .of their mothers. The barbarian

y witnessed all these horrors, and replied to
some persons, who intreated him to put an end to

them, " Come back in an hour, I will their see
what can be done." In the description of battles
Schiller is worthy of Horner and Tasso, and the
battles described by him are fit subjects for his
talents ;• they are in reality battles of giants;
wholeregiments are cut to pieces without retreat-
ing a _single- Step—they all die at their post ;
*others succeed, -Undergo the • same fate, and
are immediately replaced by fresh corps, w'ho
at length gain the victory, and triumph. oiler
numbers, over every obstacle, and death 'in- ,
every ;shape. All the Nations of Europe
are brave when they are well commanded ;
and : this is a truism which ought not
escape the recollection of those to whoth for- -
time has given the adva4ltafktir and -which,
.in .
their most 'brilliant successes,' they ought- to ac-
knowledge, not only from a sentiment of gene--
rosity, but from a principle of justice.
The French translator, M. Mailher de Chassat, -
has-added much to the interest already inspired by •
the wort:-of the German historian. Versed in the
knowledge of the writers of Germany, wlio have
treated -on the same subject, he gathers frOm
Kevenhuller, Palmskceld, Oxenstiern, Adler,
Salvius, Grading, &c., facts, ideas, and reflections
which he gives in instructive notes, amplifying
and explaining, and at other times correcting and
pruning, the narrative of Schiller. The famous
Thirty Years' War was terminated by the cefe- •
orated Treaty of Westphalia, so that the history
of this Treaty, not less curious than that of the
War, forms its sequel and completion ; it was •
written by M. Woltmann, a countryman of Schil-
ler, and the French translation of M.Mailher de
Chassat is furnished with long and learned notes,
founded on the liest French memoirs and histo- •
ries, and selected with much judgment and cri-
tical acumen.

MADRID GAZETTE, AUG. 14.

EXTRAORDINARY CORTE'S.
MADRID, AUG. 13.---The permanent Deputa-
tion of the Cortes, informs all the Deputies of
the Cortes, that the following Official Letter was
received by it yesterday from the Secretary of
State for the Peninsula

" EXCELLENT SIR,--From the urgent necessity of placiriti
in harmony with the Constitution various of the most import.
ant branches of the State, and in order to decide on some oth:r
general affairs-on which the public prosperity in a 'teat mea-
sure depends, the delay of which cannot be seen by the patcr-
nal heart of the King with indifference; his Majesty, wishirg
to accelerate such beneficial means, considers it proper that the
Extraordinary Cortes should assemble,'and has commanded me
to make this communication to' the permanent Deputation of
the Cortes, according to the tenor of paragraph----3:1 Art. 162.
of tht icelatirk, 'nraortiinary Cortes will be occupied with the :.
division of the Spanish territory, and of the measures necessary
to settle the political Government accordingly; with the Np-
ject of a Decree respecting beneficial establishment. ; the means
which the Government proposes to the Cortes in order to secure,
the tranquillity and promote the welfare of America; the Crimi-
nal Code and the Code of Procedure ; the reform of the Tarif; •
the liquidation of the Officers of Government; the necessfay•
means to avoid the heavy injury suffered by the nation from `ohe
circulation of false or defective foreign money ;- military. tie- ,
fairs ; the Decree 'for the'organization of the active 'Militia; ar.d
the project of Organic Decree as to the Naval Force.

Awe subjects are those which the King now deter-
mineo shall be submitted to the deliberation of the Extraordi-
nary Cortes, reserving to hiMself the laying Others befoie thein,
either such as may occur at the time, or such as are now under
consideration in the.different Ministerial offices, according as'
the public ekigencies may require.
" Lastly—His Majesty commands me to manifeSi to the De-
putation, that it will.be particularly satisfactory to him if the
installation cf the Extraordinary Cortes happen if possible on
the 24th of September ; because this day can hardly fail to re-
mind both this and other nations of the valour of the Spaniards
against their foreign enemies, their constancy in adversity their
&sire and purpose to live in just liberty, and their loyalty 3 and
love to Vie august person and family of the Ring.
" By his orders I make this Communication to your Excel.
.lency, for the knowledge of the permanent Deputation, in order
that-through this loarticipation the Extraordinary Cortes may
be called. May God preserve your Excellency many years.
" Palace, Aug. 12, 1821."
In consequence of the above, the permanent Deputation, in
virtue of the powers conceded to it by articlel62 of the Constitu-
tion, haS resolved to summon, as by these presents it summons,
the Extraordinary Cortes or the 28th of September next to
come, the first preparatory Junta being to be celebrated on the
22d, and the last and the installation on the 24th.
The permanent Deputation, agreeably to article 229 of the •
rules for the internal regulation of the Cortes, make this com-
munication to your Excellency, in order that you may be ready
on the aboVe-named day to discharge your functions ; and you
will in the mean time acknowledge the receipt of this Circular.
God preserve you many years.
Madrid, Aug. 13, 1821.
• JOSEF MARIA CALATRAVA, President.
PEDRO, Bishop of Majorca.
DEi%IETRIO 0 DAL'.

•
FELIPE FERMIN DE PAUL. -
BARTOLOME GUTIERREZ DVACUNA.
FRANCISO MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA,
Deputy. Secretary. -
Not signed by D. Josef Maria Gutierrez de Terat?,, a Mem-
ber of the Deputation, on account of serious indisposition. •
Follows the rubric of the Secretary, Deputy, &c.

COURT OF ALDERMEN.—Yesterday the LORD
MAYOR held a Court of Aldermen for the pur-
pose of swearing in two gentlemen, lately elect-
ed Aldermen, in the room of Sir William Curtis,
I3art. removed to the 'Ward of Bridge Without ;
and of the late Mr. Alderman Rothwell. Upon
the Court being duly formed, the Lord Mayor
reported the elections, whereupon Matthias
Prime Lucas, Esq. being in attendance, was in-
troduced by Mr. Warren and several inhabitants
of the Ward of"TOwer, as their new Alderman,
and took the oaths and his seat. William Thomp-
son, Esq. accompanied by Mr. Deputy Brook,
and several of the inhabitants of the Ward of
.Cheap, was then introduced in like manner, and
took the oaths and his seat. The Lord Mayor
laid before the Court the thanks of the Mayor,
&c. of Oxford, for the accommodations afforded
them in going in the city barge on the Coronation
Day; ordered to be entered: His Lordship 4159
presented a communication froth some of the 12
Citizens appointed to assist them at the Corona-
tion, in respect of some proceedings which tookr
place on that day.
`.[=he Marchioness of Co NYNG nAm has humanely..
liberated several of the poorer 'debtors confined
in Ennis gaol, whose debts 'amount to about three
hundred pounds.

THE KING.

&QM THE DUBLIN PATRIOT OF SATURDAY, AUG. 25.)

MAJESTY'S VISIT TO THE ROYAL DUBLIN
SOCIETY HOUSE.
SPLENDID FETE-CHAMPETRE.

Preparations on the most splendid and exten-
sive scale were made by the Society, to receive
oar Most Gracious SOVEREIGN, on the occasion of
his visit to this Establishment yesterday. The
lawn facing Merrion-square was adorned by a
noble marquee for the reception of the Royal
(.-luest ; it was fitted up with great taste, and was
admirably contrived, at once to exclude the op-
pressive heat of the sun, and admit the requisite
circalatiou of air. Within the tent was a table
nobly decorated under a siwarlet canopy, for
the immediate use of the "King and his suite ;
on the right hand and left, two very beautiful
devices, one representing the Temple of Peace,
the other the 'lemple of -Fame, surmounted with
.
R. IV. and the British Arms, &c. There
were about fifty tents placed in a semi-cir-
. ea:ea form, and in double rows around ; they
asere sufficiently open to render theta delightful
retreats ; at -the, extremity of each range was
paced an appropriate standard. Three harpers,
robed in the antique garb of Minstrels, were
stationed close to the Sovereign's tent, and a
iittle to the left a platform, 58 feet by 22, was
erected for dancers ; this stage was adorned with
a deep border of laurel. For several hours be-
. fore noon, an immense number of persons, of the
tsst elegance and fashion, flocked to this earthly
paradise, all in full dress, and decorated with
a blue ribbon, bearing the impression of the
" Royal Dublin Society," in gold letters. In
consequence of the admirable arrangements of
the Society, and the active attention of Major
Sirr, no difficulty whatever was experienced in
obtaining admission, and accommodation when
within the walls of the Society House, Ssc.—
sa.t half past twelve, joyous acclamations from
without announced the approach of our re-
vered Sovereign, who was received with military
honours on his entrance into the Court-yard.
The Members of the Royal Society, to the num-
ber of nearly. 150, forming a line on his Majesty's
rissht; all conspicuously decorated with the insignia
of Welcome ;" and on the steps of the grand
entrance, the King was received by his Excel-
lency the Lord Lieutenant and suite, Sir Matthew
Tierney, and a number of distinguished Person-
ages, and by the select Committee of the Society,
la full Court dresses, who were deputed to usher
his Majesty into the Vice President's and Secre-
taries building, tent, &c. Nearest the Royal
carriage, as his Majesty descended from it, were
Lord Oriel, Lord Meath, Lord Frankfort, Sir IL
Shaw, John Leslie Foster, Esq. ; Edward Tier-
ney, Esq.; the Right lion. G. 'Knox, Mr. Ser-
jeant Joy, and Mr. Boyd.—On the steps, and in
the hall, were the Earl of Doneughmore, Lord
Kilmaine, the Hon. and Rev. John Pomeroy, Sir
George Shoe, Bart., Sir William Stanniisr, Bart.,
ff.: H. Grady C. S. Howthorne, John Burne,
Hardy, R. B. Bryan, W. D. Latooche, J. Smith,
and Walter Glascoak, Esqrs. Major Sirr, &c. The
Royal Standard was raised in the lawn, and the
hand of the 43d, stationed in the court, played
" God save the King," which was enthusiastically
cheered from within and without. His Majesty
ascended the steps, attended by the Dake of
Montrose, the Marquess Graham, Sir B. Bloom-
keld, and other Members of the Royal House-
hold. The King inspected with great attention
the various apartments of the noble building--
the beautiful library, the elegant model-room and
museum. His Majesty was particularly struck
with the admirable arrangements visible through-
out, and condescended to pay particular atten-
tion to the Esquimaux hut, and all its ap-
propriate material. After expressing his ad-
miration of all he saw, and having put se-
veral questions to the Committee in a most gra-
cious and familiar manner, the replies to which,
as they pointed out the growing advantages
to Ireland, which resulted from the labours
of the Society, peculiarly excited his Majesty's
approbation, the King descended to the lawn,
where a scene of matchless splendour awaited
his approach. The staircase, and the ap-
proach to the Royal tent, were completely
lined with fashionables, and as his Majesty
descended, he appeared peculiarly delighted
with the blaze of female beauty and elegance
that encircled him—all affectionately respectful,
and each emulating the other in the demon-
slration of reverence and satisfaction. The King
bowed in his own peculiarly fascinating manner,
and the easy playfulness of his smile indicated
the utmost happiness at his reception. Two bands
in attendance played the well known and port-
' far air; and loud and sincere acclamations rent the
air.—The spectators from the square were elec-
trified by the enthusiasm of the scene, and by
savaponsive shouts testified their joyous feel-
,inaas.----Cur happy Monarch, for indeed he
looked perfectly happy, walked round his
tent, and smiled as he contemplated it : he then
advanced down the lawn, a passage having
been formed for that purpose through the gay
Ahrong. His Majesty recognized several in
his progress, and most affably saluted the Com-
mander of the Forces with " Ilow do you do,
Baird ;" he likewise noticed and shook hands
with others. One Lady fell on her knees.and
seized his Majesty's arm, who, with a playful
smile, raised her up and bowed most gallantly.
The King then returned to the tent, where he fa-
miliarly conversed with Lord and Lady Manners,
and others, and, proceeding to his carriage, depart-
ed. His Majesty shortly afterwards left town for
Slane, the seat of the Marquis of Conyngharn.—
The scene was truly a fairy one : the lawn pre-
sented a very picturesque and varied coup fl'a'il,
embracing at a glance, gay uniforms, court and
fancy dresses, canonicals, and an infinite variety
of splendid dresses, mostly of Irish manufacture.
The day was peculiarly fine, although rather
warmer than was experienced for some time, and
the whole passed off in perfect harmony, and with-
out the slightest accident, although the avenues
to the Society House were exceedingly crowded.