The Sun.
London, England, 1845-12-05 00:00:00

,
FRIDAY , .
X
-I.} • —T-4,
.
4.!“4,
S 11111 -• f.
'
"--1 DECIAMIBER, 5) 184.
..1.5.5e=1212W

FAST . LINCOLNSHIRE RAILWAY.
a The Shareholders are informed that the Plans, Sections, and
Books of Reference have been duly deposited at the Board of Trade,
and with the several Clerks of the Peace, in conformity with the
standing orders of Parliament.
By order,
THOMAS REYNOLDS, Secretary.
Offices, 7, Lothbury, Dec. 2, 1845.

SOUTH MIDLAND and SOUTHAMPTON
JUNCTION RAILWAY.
Offices, No. 3, Princes-street, Westminster, Dec. 4, 1845.
The Committee of Management have much pleasure in stating
that the Plans, Sections, and Books of Reference have been deposited
with the Board of Trade and the Clerks of the Peace for the counties
through which the line will pass, and that arrangements are in pro-
gress for an amalgamation with the only other competing project, so
as to avoid the expense and risk of a Parliamentary contest.
By order, WILLIAM BURGESS, Secretary

OXFORD, THAME, HIGH WYCOMBE,
AND UXBRIDGE JUNCTION RAILWAY.
The Committee of Management have the satisfaction of stating
that the Plans, Sections, and Books of Reference have been duly
deposited
at the officeun of the
Oxford, of Trade, and
nd with the Clerks of
t of the coties o Bucks, a Middlesex, as re-
quired by the standing orders of Parliament.
HUBERT DE BURGH, Chairman.
R. MORTON CALEY, Secretary.
43, Moorgate-street, London, Dec. 4, 1845.

I I QSTON, NEWARK,AY AND SHEFFIELD
The Committee of Direction beg to inform the shareholders that
the Plans and Books of Reference of the line were duly lodged with
the Board of Trade and with the Clerks of the Peace on the 30th
ult., but in consequence of the fraudulent abstraction of twenty sheets
of the Sections from the premises of the Lithograper (a fact which
the Committee are in a position to substantiate, and for the discovery
of the perpetrator of which Idenious proceeding they have taken the
most decisive steps), the Sections, though deposited at the Board
of Trade, were a few hours too late at the offices of the Clerks of the
Peace ; they were, however, deposited before office hours on the
following morning. •
The Committee feel confident that no impediment to the progress
of the Bill will arise from this delay, the case of the Sheffield and
Lincolnshire Railway last session affording, from the exact similarity,
a decisive president for insuring the safety of the Bill in the standing
orders.
With the exception of about 500 reserved shares, the full deposit
of 10 per cent. has been paid on the capital, of which 100,0001. has
been invested at 3% per cent. interest, and 19,0001. at 3 per cent.
The Sections will be found, on inspection, to show an excellent
line, with favourable gradients, and very little earth-work or tun-
nelling for the length of the line. The landowners, whose property
the railway traverses, are all but unanimously favourable, and the
Committee feel undiminished confidence in the ultimate success of the
undertaking. By order,
JOHN DENNISTON, Secretary.
Mansfield, December 3. 1845. „ _

THE DIRECT LOND(
and the DIRECT LONDO:
PENDENT RAILWAY CODIPA.

ON and MANCHESTER,
IN and MANCHESTER INDE-
NIES.

PROVISIONAL DIRECTORS.
Direct London and Manchester Direct London and Manchester
Railway Company Independent Railway Company
John Dillon, Esq. Colonel the Hon. L. Stanhope
A. Caldecott, Esq. D. Ainsworth, Esq.
W. Cash, Esq. John Brooks, Esq.
J. W. Deacon, Esq. M. T. Bass, Esq.
John Gladstone, Esq. Major Croft
Richard Hopper, Esq. Jeremiah Clarke, Esq.
Mr. Alderman Hooper R. W. Johnson, Esq.
William Lawrence, Esq. J. J. Keene, Esq.
Mr. Alderman Sidney William King, Esq.
Thomas Shepperson, Esq. G. P. Livlus, Esq.
William White, Esq. H. Wardle, Esq.
J. S. Wells, Esq. Major Waller.
The Provisional Directors of the two Companies hereby inform
their respective Shareholders that, agreeab'y to the arrangement
made between their respective Provisional Directors, tl:se Plans,
Sections, and Books of Reference have been duly deposited, for an
application to Parliament in the next Session by the Direct London
and Manchester Railway Company on behalf of both Companies.
They insert this Advertisement jointly, to correct an erroneous
impression, which they have been led to believe exists, that the
Companies are proceeding as competitors, and not, as the fact is,
concurring in one and the same application, and seeking the same
line and objects at one expense only.
JOHN DILLON, Chairman.
ANDREW CALDECOTT, I Deputy-Chairmen.
LEICESTER STANHOPE,
Secretary to the Direct
SIDNEY M. HAWKES, London and Manchester
Railway Company.
Secretary to the Direct
HENRY W. MATTHEWS, London and Manchester
Independent Railway
Company.
48, Moorgate-street, Dec. 4, 1845.

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, EDIN-
BURGH, and DIRECT GLASGOW JUNCTION RAIL-
WAY, with a Branch by the North Tyne to Hexham.
Capital, 1,500,0001., in 75,000 Shares of 201. each.
Deposit,2l. 2s. per Share.
(Provisionally Registered, pursuant to 7 and 8 Vie., cap. 110.)

rnovism NAL COMMITTEE.
Sir Charles M. L. Monek, Bart., Belsay Castle, Northumberland
Saville C. H. Ogle, Esq., M.P., Kirkley-hall, Northumberland
William Henry Charleton, Esq. Ilesleyside, Northumberland
Robert Charleton, Esq. Lee-hall, Northumberland
Thomas Cookson, Esq. Swinburn Castle, Northumberland
Mr. John Crawford, paper manufacturer, Warden, Northumberland
Mr. Edw. Campion, iron manufacturer, Hareshaw Ironworks, North-

umberland
Ralph Wm. Grey, Esq. Chipchase Castle, Northumberland
Mr. John Green, iron manufacturer, Ridsdale Ironworks, Northum-
berland
Mr. Wm. Grace, Saltwlck, Northumberland
J. Haggerston, Esq. Reedsmouth, Northumberland
Nicholas Maughan, Esti. Newbrough-lodge, Northumberland
Charles Atticus lionck, Esq. Hunishaugh, Northumberland
Thomas James, Esq., Otterburn Tower, Northumberland
Mr. W. R. Rayne, paper manufacturer, Haughton, Northumberland
Smith Stobart, Esq. banker, Hexham Abbey, Northumberland
Captain R. Jobling, Newton-hall, Northumberland
Rev. Wm. Kell, rector of Corsensido, Northumberland
W. C. Trevelyan, jun. Esq. TONIIBII3, Devon
Sir John Fife, Knt. Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Mr. Thomas Gray, tobacco manufacturer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Mr. Charles Rayne, merchant, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Mr. Henry Glynn, C.E. Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Mr. Win. Anderson, jun. coal-owner, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Mr. Wm. Hunter, collier reviewer, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Mr. John Coulson, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Mr. Alexander George Gray, merchant, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne
Captain John Kelly, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
T. C. Grauger, Esq. M.P. Durham
Andrew White, Esq. Tunstal-lodge, Sunderland
Richard White, Esq. Thomey-close, Sunderland
A. J. Moore, Esq. Hill. house, Sunderland
Mr. Michael Brown, merchant, Sunderland
Hugh Dixon. Esq. manufacturer, Sunderland
Thomas Bell, Eery. alkali manufactory, South Shields
Mr. Joshua Greene, merchant, Gateshead
William Hymers, Esq. J.P. Gateshead
Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, Bart., Grange and Fountain-hall
C. Craigie Hackett, Esq. Lawhill
'John Dick Lauder, Esq. jun. Grange and Fountain-hall
Andrew Wilkie, Esq. one of.the magistrates of Edinburgh
William Girdwood, Esq. magistrate of Leith
robot Laurie, Esq. merchant, Leith
John Anderson, Esq. jun., merchant, Edinburgh
John Gibson, Esq. provost of Lanark
Tomas Bromine, Esq. Convener Trades-house, Glasgow
William Bankier, Esq. provost of Calton, Glasgow
James Wolfe Murray, Esq. St. Andrew's, Fife
Walter Calverley Trevelyan, Esq., Wallington, Northumberland
William Oliver Rutherford, Esq., of Edgerton, sheriff of the county
of Roxburgh
(With power to add to their number).
BANKERS.

London—Messrs. Glyn and Co.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne—Northumberland and Durham District Bank.
ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF—JOhII Miller, Esq., C.E., Edinburgh.
LOCAL ENGINEERS—Messrs. John and Benjamin Green.
- -

SOLICITORS.
Mr. John Brown, and Messrs. Laws and Glynn, Nevrcastie-npon-Tyne.
Messrs. Prichard and Collette, 57, Lincoln's London.

LOCAL AGENTS.
Mr. C. R. Sinclair, S.S.C., 11, South-bridge, Edinburgh 1
Messrs. J. and R. Gibson, Hexham
Messrs. Strang, Yulle, and Keydon, writers, Glasgow
Mr. William Blackwood, Banker and Solicitor, Peebles
Mr. Simon Scott, writer, Jedburgh
Mr. George Oliver, writer, Hayrick
Messrs. Curie and Erskine, writers, Melrose.
PARLIAMENTARY AGENTS.
Messrs. Spottiswoode and Robertson, Great George-street, London.
Szcarrovr—Mr. James Potts.
Offices of the Company, 11, Eldon-sqaare, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Applications for prospectuses and shares to be made to the soli-
citors, and to the following brokers :—Messrs. Warburton hies Co.,
Central Exchange, Market-street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne;rs.
Tucker, Barnett, and Ellis, 11. Birchin-lane, London ; Robert Allan
ln-
,
Esq., Messrs. Pillans and Home, and Anthony Shiels, Esq.,
Ed
burgh; Messrs. M'Ewin and Auld, Glasgow; Messrs. William
Reynolds and Sons, and Messrs. Hull; and J. B. Neilson,
Liverpool; Messrs. Alsop and Son,
and Williamson, Leeds • Messrs. Robertson and Bates, and
Messrs. Thomas Cardwell' and Sons, Manchester ; Mr. J. R. Lane,
Birmingham ; Messrs. Walmsley, Woodhead, and Co.. Bradford ;
Me7srs. Low and Tunstal, Bristol ; Messrs. Wm. Moore and Co.,
Huddersfield ; Mr. J. N. Balme, Gloucester ; Mr. W. Pollard, Lin-
eoln ; Messrs. Warburton and Crossland, Sheffield ; Messrs. He -
well and Davis, Halifax ; Mr. T. C. Maynard, Durham ; Messrs.
Bills and Allason, and Mr. IV. I. Barker. Sunderland; Mr. Wm.
Davison, Alnwick ; Mr. T. Glover, South Shields ; Mr. John Hurst,
Louth ; Mr. Jos. Nelson, Settle ; Mr. John Sturrock, jun., Dundee ;
Mr. Jas. Ross, Perth ; and Mr. Walker Thompson, Berwick.
FORM OF APPLICATION FOR SHARES.
To the Provisional Committee of the Newcastle-upoith a n-T
Byneranch, Edin-
burgh, and Direct Glasgow Junction Railway,
by
the North Tyne to Hexham.
Gentlemen,—I request that you will allot to me
shares of 201. each in this Company, and I undertake to accept the
same, and to pay the deposit thereon, or upon any less number that
may be allotted to me ; and I also undertake to execute the Par-
liamentary Contract and Subscribers' Agreement when required.
Name in full • •• •• • ...... • ••

Residence..
Trade or Profession (if any) .. •• • . . • •• • •
Place of Business • • . • ...... •
Reference • • ... ......... .
Address of Referee •• .. ..........• •• • •
Date of Application .• ......... ••• • • •
ALLOCATION OF SHARES.
The Committee of Management have now the satisfaction to in-
form the subscribers and the public that the Plans, Sections, and
Books of References of this undertaking have been completed, and de-
posited in compliance with the standing orders of the two Houses of
Parliament, which will enable them to apply for an Act in the en-
suing session; and they hereby give notice, that no Application for
Shares will be received after the 15th of December, and that the
allotment will be made as soon after that date as possible.
The Committee have much pleasure in stating that the result of
their surveys is such as completely to answer the objections which
have been made to their line in various quarters, and that they are
confirmed in the opinion which they at first held, that the line would
be of easy formation, and that the tunnel through the Carter would
not exceed one mile and a quarter in length.
By order,

CHARLES ATTICITS MONCK, Chairman.
JAMES POTTS, Secretary.
Offices of the Company, 11, Eldon-square,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Nov. 29, 1845.
'tkiNnovso.nlo//, arle.
At a MEETING of LANDOWNERS; held November 10, 1845, at
Belsay Castle Inn, the following resolution was adopted :
the undersigned, landowners on and near tithe line of railway
proposed to be made by a Company calling itself he Newcastle-on-
Tyne, Edinburgh, and Direct Glasgow Railway, with a branch to
ilexham, having considered the proposed line, and explained with Mr.
lefonck, the Chman of the Managing Committee of the said Railway
Company, are offpinion that the proposed line of railway, both in
its main through in its branch, will be beneficial both to the line
of country which it will pass, and to our own estates, in af-
fording the shortest and easiest communication between Glasgow,
and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and in opening out to use the
Ellidnienbaujholher minerals which may be now lying unwrought in our
lands• We are of opinion, therefore, that the projectors of the pro-
osed line ought to have our consent and support, subject to such
posed line
in regard to all private and personal interests as is usual in
such cases."
13(
sell,
ns a e
dy C) asTs
othlheonsl.
ChM. M. L. Monck. I
Thos. Anderson. 1845.
Inn,
Swinburne. I
John Forster.
W. D. Dent.

P. G. Elilson (for Ralph Bates,

Esq.) •
J. S. Ogle.
Tho Mas James.
R. C. Askew, for self and the
Misses Davidson.

p 1 LIJLE S VEGETALES, TONIQUEs.
APERITIVRS D'EUDE, I l'asage des Familles.—EUDE'S
VEGETABLE TONIC APERIENT FAMILY PILLS, one trial
I will prove to be the most valuable medicine of modern times
i Their extraordinary efficacy has been fully tested in affections of the.
I head, liveT, and stomach, In rheumatism, gout, cough, with pain and
lightness at the chest, tic, constipation, piles, obstructions, Sr.e. In
consumption it is the most valudble tonic- paperien erient kn
does.own, not oen-
fining the bowels afterwards, as every other at
, Depot, 73, Great Titchfield-street, London,
The poor altd23, Place
be Yendomed
,
Paris. Price Is. I%d. and 2s. 9d. per box. will supplie
with a portion of the medicine gratis, atithe depot, 73, Great Titch-
field-street .every Saturday morning, n.—Forwaded to any
part of the thre kingdoms (free on receipt of 10. and two penny
stamps.

RANDY ,AND CAPSULES.-Mr. BETTS
(the late firm of J. T. BETTS and CO.), Patent Brandy
Distiller, 7, Smithfield Bars, feels it due to' himself and the public to
state, that the Manufacture of the PATENT BRANDY was not,
and never has been known to any person except to himself and one
of his sons. And that he was succeeded in the business of the Dis-
tillery, 7, Smithfield Bars, his sons, J. T. BETTS, jun., and CO.,
on his retiring therefrom, in 1843.
Mr. BETTS further states, that he is the sole Patentee, manufac-
turer, and vendor of the Metallic Capsule, (or solid metal covering
for the mouths of-bottles), that no other Brandy in Epglaud, except
BETTS'S PATENT BRANDY, is thereby protected ; the . Patent
Metallic Capsule If, therefore, applied to any other Brandy, must
have been surreptitiously obtained.
Metallic Capsule Manufactory, 1, Wharf-road, City-road.

IRIVETTS'S PATENT BRANDY, ert;fied by the
Faculty of England to be the purest silfrit, and guaranteed
by the Patent Metallic Capsules, embossed "Betts's Patent Brandy,
7, Smithfield-bars," is sold at 3s. Gd., bottle included, by the most
respectable dealers, lists of whom may he obtained at the Distillery,
where quantities of not less than two gallons, in bulk or bottles, are
Address,-7, Smithfield-ba:s.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION,
A Lecture on the PREVALENT DISEASE in POTATOES,
and the Means of extracting the Starch as an Article of Food, will
be delivered by Dr. Ryan, daily, at Half-past Three, and on the
Evenings of Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at Nine
o'clock, Professor Bachoffner's varied Lectures, with expe-
riments, in one of which he clearly explains the principle of
the ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY, a model of which is at work Daily.
Mr. Downe, the celebrated Flutist, accompanied by Dr. Wallis on
the Pianoforte, will perti:rm a DUET CONCERTANTE, and after-
wards a favourite FANTASIA, at Three o'Clock on Tuesdays, Thurs-
days, and Saturdays. ilolernan's NEW AMERICAN LOCO-
11101IVE ENGINE, for ascending and descending Inclined Planes.
A magnificent COLLECTION of MODELS of TROPICAL FRUITS.
A new and very beautiful series of DISSOLVING VIEWS. New
OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, &c. Experiments with the DIVER
and DIVING BELL, &c &c.
Admission, One Shilling. Schools, Half-price.

beneficial arrangement for all the great interests of the
country; but at the same time I stated that I should so in-
finitely prefer the abolition of all duty whatsoever to the
existence of the sliding-scale, that I should vote upon every
occasion for every motion which had for its object the repeal
of the existing laws.—(Loud cheers.) But, Gentlemen, I
reserved to myself the power of judging what were the cir-
cumstances under which any measure proposed should appear
to me the most preferable arrangement. Under that reserva-
tion I have voted for several sessions past ; for I have voted
for every motion whether brought forward by Mr. Villiers
or any other, for the.total abolition of the corn-laws. In
reply-to the last communication which was sent me from the
Anti-Corn-la,w League, I stated that I was quite aware of the
progress of the question, that I was well aware the moment
for compromise was passing away, and that if through the
infatuation of the landed interest no arrangements were to be
completed, the necessity of settling the question within a
very short period was impressed so strongly upon my mind,
that I should abandon all idea of any compromise on the
principle of a fixed duty.—(Cheers.) That is the progres-
sive course which I have taken. The period I have alluded
to has passed away ; and the time is now come when I can
cordially and entirely agree in the words of the Noble Lord,
the Member for London, that it is no longer worth while eon-
tending for a fixed duty—nay, more, that the exigencies of
the present period demand that the bold and decided course
should be taken of opening the ports. '1 he pressure certainly
is not yet felt, because the potatoes are not yet exhausted ;
and there is still full employment. But, on the other hand,
that employment and high wages producifig an extravagant
consumption of produce cannot be reckonsd upon ; and
already the high prices of food are beginning
.to affect the
condition of the people, which may further be Injured by a
rise in the Money-market to an extent which is incalculable ;
and in the course of the ensuing season not only may we feel
ourselves embarrassed by exorbitant priies for food, but too
probable by inadequate subsistence for the people, and possi-
bly by stagnation of trade. Is not this prospect enough to
appal any man? The idea of famine and scarcity in a land
such as this! Gentlemen, the evil does not rest even here.
It is not possible to imagine that this state of things can last
even fur one year. The poorer classes in another year may
not have the means of obtaining seed for potatoes. 'Certainly
the breadth planted will be much smaller in general ; and
there is no crop whatever on the scanty patches held by the
poorer classes in England and Ireland which can produce the
same amount even as this. year. Then you will have mil-
lions of people to feed out of your supply ; for another year's
harvest may not be so good as this. We have, again, the
prospect of famine before us. What a spectacle is this for
such a country! And shall it be that this country must go
on trusting to accident for the support of its people, or are we
not to do all in our power to enable them to procure the
means of subsistence ?—(Loud and continued cheers.)
Mr. MACAULEY was received with loud applause, which
continued for several minutes. As soon as it subsided, he
said—My Lord Provost and Gentlemen, you will well be-
lieve, I hope, that I am deeply sensible to the kindness with
which you have received me and I only beg that you will
continue to extend that indulgence to me, if it should so
happen that my voice should fail me in my attempt to ad-
dress you. I have thought it my duty to be present here,
though doubting whether I am equal to the exertion of ad-
dressing such a meeting, and though so situate that I can
only pass a few hours among you. But I conceived that this
was not an ordinary meeting, or an ordinary crisis.—(Ap-
plaase.) I conceived that a great era in our commercial policy
had arrived—(Hear)—and I thought in such a conjuncture
you had a right to a frank and full explanation from one who
has the honour to represent you in Parliament.—(Applause).
With respect to the past, Gentlemen, I have perhaps a little
to explain, but certainly nothing to regret or retract. My
opinions, from the moment when 1 entered public life
up to the present day, have never varied. I have always
considered the principle of protection to agriculture as a
vicious principle. I thought that vicious principle took, in the
laws of 1815, of 1828, and of 1842, a peculiarly vicious
form. But my opinion has never varied as to this—that the
principle in itself was vicious. This I declared twelve years
ago, when I stood for Leeds; then I declared it in 1839, when
first I presented myself before you; and when, a few months
later, Lord Melbourne invited me to become a member of his
Government, I distinctly stated to him that, in office or out
of office, I must vote for the total repeal of the corn-laws.—
(Applause.) In the year 1841, a very peculiar crisis had
arrived. There seemed to be reason to hope that it might be
possible to obtain a compromise, which would not, indeed,
remove the evil, but which would very greatly mitigate it ;
and there were some circumstances in the financial state of
the country which led us to hope that we moderate e able to
obtain that support for the proposition of a fixed
duty, which could not possibly be obtained if we had pro-
posed to have an entirely free trade. On that occasion her
Majesty appealed to the people. I presented myself before
you ; and I disguised nothidg. I said, "I am for free trade
in corn ; but I think that in existing eircumstances, to make '
a compromise would be desirable. I am a party to that
compromise; and it is for you to day to determine
whether you will approve of my conduct or not."—
(Applause.) You approved of it, and sent me back to
Parliament as a party to that compromise. I thought
then, that my duty was this—not to vote against the
principles of free trade, but until Parliament should
decide whether they would accept that compromise or not, I
must act with my former colleagues, and support and pro-
mote that compromise in Parliament. I did so. During the '
first year I declined to vote for the extreme proposal of free
trade, although I expressed myself in favour of it. I refused
at the same time to vote against it. But soon as Parlia-
ment rejected the compromise—as soon as it decided in
favour of Sir Robert Peel's sliding-scale, I considered that all
my former engagements were at an end, and from that time
I regularly voted in favour of every proposition for the per-
fect freedom of trade in corn. There has bean, I am well
aware, since that time, some difference of opinion, not as to
the end, but rather as to the means between me and my
constituents; but the difference between us was not, at
least. as to the question whether I would or would not
stprort free trade in corn, but whether I would or would
not act cordially against the present system, in concur-
rence with many eminent and patriotic men, who were still
attempting to effect the compromise of 1841. Valuing most
highly their support, but tfeeling the immense strength of
the party of monopoly, my wish was—not conceding my
own opinion, not even withholding my own vote when
the question of a free trade in corn was considered, never-
theless, to act in the most cordial feelings of friendship, and
in the strictest union with such men as Lord John Russell,
Lord Howick, and Lord Morpeth, who still, from whatever
cause, felt themselves bound to adhere to something like the
compromise of 1841. That was the only difference between
us. • I will not argue the question now. It has been set at
rest in the best possible way. It is not necessary now to in-
quire how I should act towards the party who are in favovr
of a moderate fixed duty. That party has disappeared.—
(Great applause) Time, and reflection, and discussion, and
recent experience, have produced the effect which it was
natural to think it would produce in capacious, reasoning,
and patriotic minds. No intermediate shades are now left.
The light is divided from the darkness. There stands two
parties, ranged right against each other. There is the
standard of monopoly, and here is the standard of free trade;
and, as your representative, I pledge myself to be faithful to
the standard of free trade.—(lmmense applause.) I have
been relieved in some degree of a difficulty which I believe I
should have felt in addressing you, by the resolution which
has been put into my hands. I should have felt that I was
unnecessarily obtruding on your attention if I were to dilate
on the whole of this vast subject; and yet I believe I should
have felt a difficulty in selecting any one part of it. But the
gentlemen who have taken charge of the proceedings have
requested me to move a resolution which dwells'particularly
upon one most important part of the case, and to which,
therefore, I will particularly invite your attention. The re-
solution which I have to move states emphatically that the
existing corn-laws press with especial severity on the bumbler
classes. I believe that, to clear up this point—to make this
point fully understood, is one of the greatest services which
at the present time can possibly be rendered to the cause of
free-trade. There was a time—a time which some of us can
well remember--when men were not ashamed to defend the
corn-laws purely as an aristocratical system of legislation—
when men were not ashamed to say that it was necessary to
keep up the price of bread, in order to keep up the rents of
the landed aristocracy. On these topics, whatever the feel-
ing may be, the expression is no longer heard. No person
for some time past has ever ventured in Parliament, or, as
far as I know, in any public assemblage in this country, to
say that there ought to be a law to compel 10,000 men to
buy food dear when it can be had cheap, in oi der that one
man may build palaces and buy picture-galleries.—(Cheers.)
This ground has been dropped, but another has been taken
up, much less atrocious and more philanthropic in seeming,
though not a whit less absurd. What we are now constantly
told, in every discussion about the corn-laws, is, that it is a
capitalists question—that the capitalist wants to take a part
of the income of the landlord, and to make it his own—that
the capitalist wants to thrive by the reduction of the price of
food—and that the reduction of the price of food would be
a reduction in the wages of the people—that the lower you
bring the price of the necessaries of life, the lower you
bring the condition of the working man—and that the whole
clamour about free tra-c de was a clamour raised by the mill-
owners and the moneyhangers. This I take to be the
real
strength of the argument of the present party who support
the corn-laws; and you know with what effect it has been
produced. This has not been heard merely from the
landed aristocracy. We have not heard it only from the
lips of those who are interested in keeping up rents. We
have heard it also from demagogues—from a mischievous
class of men who wish to keep up the corn-laws
merely that the corn-laws may make the people riotous and
disorderly.—(Hear, hear.) You know well how constantly
and repeatedly they have declared that this movement was
a mere attempt of the mill-owners to grind the faces of the
poor. lam not, I believe, incorrect in stating, that in this
I great and enlightened city, a meeting called against the corn-
laws was put down and dispersed by an argument of that
description. Now, for my part, whenever I hear one and the
same cry set up by bigots who are opposed to all reform,
and by demagogues who are bent on universal destruc
this tion, I
I
am quite sure that some mischief is brewing. And
believe to be, of all the cries that were ever set up, the most
demonstrably unreasonable and absurd. In the first
poi`place,l
should seem strange that the Conservative party ths_t
sons who talk so much of the wisdom of their anacneroara.
should countenance an opinion as new, stran t world
doxical as ever appeared from the begi
down to the corn-law contest of the 19th century, that it was a
f od. The doctrine,
misery to the labouring man to have cheap
noe.
It was 110 rt
nninggoef the.
if true, is not at all events a self.eviden o
which we find to have at once
com,,e tongues. On the contrary, so
of the wisdom of our ancestors—it is not
mondoedne
thofethasoss-eentof opinions
all
people, and of history of nations and of litera-
ages, of all
far as my knowledge of t
ture ow, if
izu begin with the most ancient words—l mean
the Hebrew —ptures and come down to the corn-law of
elvBildsenJeeszoruithia_d bsthmatoc much surprised if you were to find any
much of the happiness of the great
body people depends on the dearness of their food,
OneA.Vf h
0 Utlde think that some cogent argument would be
brought forward to satisfy us of And:what is the argu-
ment they bring forward? If ;there is any other argument
than what I am going to state, I heartily wish any gentle-
man acquainted with that argument would rise up and
state it I know onlyeoisnte,haeacplipltetios simply this—that there
are some countries in the world where food is cheaper than
in England, awrehimchorethine:'
in England.
,easpve sec;
corny NoiurhaswenaeentvteaertphtehaseEqnthugeelizattieoonppeasanliesmiserable than
and
dowlahnerd
oftD asked,tano whytzbe
reduced
tehieuucla
neddnot we
condition of the Polish peasant?" for they seem toswtthoeritnhiksel
that as food 'is cheap, and the people miserable, on the
banks of the Vistula, therefore the cheapness of bread would
make the condition of the people of this country as bad as
that of the peasant on the banks of the Vistula? I have not
the least intention of misrepresenting their argument ; but