The Sun.
London, England, 1844-09-24 00:00:00

NEW REAPING MACHINE.

The following account of a new machine for cut-
ting, or rather gathering wheat, which has just been
invented in Australia, is very curious, and the results
of the invention may be most important. It is com-
municated by Governor Grey, of South Australia, to
the Royal Society of England, under the date of
December 13, 1843. He says
The colony continues to prosper; and the only
event which has created any sensation is the complete
success which has attended the operations of a
newly-invented reaping machine, invented in this
colony.. This machine reaps, thrashes, and win-
nows, all at the same time, and this at the rate of
nearly an acre an hour; the machine requiring to be
attended by two men, and to be pushed by two horses.
The corn is at once taken from the machine (which
is stopped for the purpose when it is filled), and put
into bags for exportation. The total sum charged for
this operation is 10s. per acre ; the sowing, saving of
corn, time, and labour, and consequently of expense,
is very great. The inventor of the machine antici-
pates that, next year, the whole of these operations
will cost much less than 10s. an acre. I have seen
this machine at work, and was quite satisfied as to its
success. You will say, But we shall soon make such
a machine in England, when the principle is known.'
It is, however, based upon a peculiarity in this climate,
and could, I think, only succeed in a similar very dry
climate. I must now give you a description of this
invention. It is something like a cart pushed forward
by two horses, instead of being drawn. In front of
the machine is a very large steel comb, which is
pushed forward and seizes the straw of the wheat, as
an ordinary comb seizes hair. As the machine is
moved forward, the straws are by the motion drawn
through the comb, and dragged upwards towards the
mouth of the machine. From the peculiar dryness of the
climate, the wheat sheds very easily—that is, the corn
or grain falls very readily out of the husk ; indeed, so
much so, that wheat cannot be reaped here in the usual
manner without considerable loss from shedding. As
soon, therefore, as the head of the wheat is caught in the
comb, the grain is, as it were, combed out, and falls
down the comb to the mouth of the machine. That
part of the head of the wheat which does not go
through (which is too fine to admit it, until the grain
has fallen out), is ultimately dragged up to the mouth
of the machine, where it is knocked off by an appara-
tus like that of the ordinary thrashing machine, and
the wheat is then thrashed in the same manner as in
other thrashing machines; whilst the rapid advance
of the machine creates a strong draft, by aid of which
the corn is winnowed. The straw is left stanling. So
much of it as is required for manure, &c., is mown,
and the remainder is burnt."

CHESS.—The Palanzede of the present month con-
tains a correspondence between Mr. Staunton and M. St.
Amant, by which it appears that a new chess-match is
to take place on October 15, at Paris, for the same stake
(1001. a side) as that played for last year. The condi-
tions will be, in the main, the same as those agreed to for
the former match ; there are, however, one, r two points
which are at present under consideration, and which may
be modified. One of those is a proposition of Mr.
Staunton's to play the king's pawn two squares by both
players, whether for attack or defence, at the commence-
ment of each:party ; another point proposed by the gen-
tleman is to limit the match to thirteen games in place
of twenty-one—the winner of the first seven genies
being the conqueror. The object of this latter change is
to lessen the time which the Twitch will cause him to re-
main in Paris. As there is no doubt from the tenuur of
the two '.champions' letters that these matters will be
arranged, the match may be looked on as settled.

AN EXPEDITION TO THE R

MOUNTAINS.
The St. Louis Missourian contains the followil
particulars of Lieutenant Fremont's expedition, wine
has just returned to that city from the far west:--- 0
" The party, it will be remembered, left this citie
the 23d of May, 1843—very nearly fifteen 111°1
ago—and the latter part of that month they had pas „t
the western boundary of Missouri, and launched t,
into the Prairies. Leaving the frontier in the "tie
ginning of June and travelling along the line of
Kansas River, the party reached the Rocky 011.,°‘
tains early in July, and occupied that month in "of
ploring the heads of the Arkansas. At the close
the month they crossed the mountains, and continti
their way to the westward, had reached the G;ri
Salt Lake in the beginning of September. No hale
being had ever before visited the island of the ne.,
brated lake ; and a few weeks were spent in explerl'fltg
its unknown waters, and in surveying the aelincepiii
country. The latter part of this month found ,
at Fort Hall, where the winter set in early with s ;be
vere storm on the 19th. Pursuing their way on bii
Oregon road, they reached the Falls of the Co1n:13
early in the month of November. Leaving. his I),"14i
here, Mr. Fremont proceeded by water to Fort
couvre, at which place he arrived at the common t,
ment of the rainy season. On the 25th of Noveini"'e,
in a snow-storm, they left the Falls' on their Millet
ward route, intending to return by way, of the glarilof
and Mary's Lake. No interruption in the flo
difficulties occurred to impede their march until De,
had passed the Klamet Lake, in the middle of Yoej
camber, when their course to the southward 1
eastward was barred by parallel ranges of snow
ere
volcanic mountains, in the valleys of which 009 w of
forced constantly to the southward, making
littleern
,
no easting. They travelled this way along the eastoo
base of the great California Mountains, whose pe
rise 17,000 feet above the sea, encountering 1330
bands of Indians of a very wild character, and sands
of whom had never before seen a white man. Tow' e9O
the end of January, their animals' feet had belief,
much worn by the ice and rocks, that 00' to
scarcely able to travel; and provision had heg,to
fail, as the country had been found destitute of`,
—the Indians subsisting on fish, or roots and„,s,, de'
They were now between the 38th and the Sr"'
rangy
gree of parallel, immediately under the snowi
atte
00
of California. Mr. Fremont determined to
to cross this, and to force a way to the settlenlentig
the Bay of San Francisco. The mountain 15 here
miles broad, and on its upper regions the snow oif
from sto 20 feet deep. They were occupied ned
a month in crossing it, but finally succeeded, and ebe
in March exchanged the snow of mid-winter for firer
verdure of perpetual spring, in the valley of tbelsl,3
Sacramenta. The party were cordially recellreui3e
hospitably entertained at his residence near th,te, of
of San Francisco, by Mr. J. A. Sutter, Prey 9°i
the frontier of California. Here they remaineutave!
time to recruit, and at the end of March res 10'
their homeward journey. They proceeded setoo
degrees to the southward to recross the nut:
and passing over the California deserts by t'w bido
nish Trace, reached Bent's Fort, by way othe
waters of the Arkansas, on the Ist day of eln;tb,
the frontier of Missouri on the last of the salve "1"

toter,
A STARVED CLERGY !—The Canterbury C,,olper
consisting of a dozen canons, enjoys about 15,0 Ore
annum ; at Durham the same apostolic molt
same
about 30,000/, a year. London is nearly til,o,7oo''
Westminster and Windsor come very close to frreilovi°
a year each. The warden and ten Winchester,,oo°,l
share about 10,500/. for positively doing `i
Not a sermon can be extracted from one,ooo
cs
that we are aware of. The entire income 2;
parlis
thedral and collegiate bodies stands in te`f fineit
mentary reports at 284,2411., exclusive irei
leases, residences, and the like ; which, Ouse et
known, and nes demonstrated in the i""sootu:'r
Commons by Lord Monteagle, would edlis fah
2`i0,000/. of annual revenue to the amount "4;00u-4
change of leaseholds into freeholds. It is IlYtwitb'l/4
therefore to take the gross sum, comprehendlereseo',:e
about sixty sinecure rectories, at 550,0001.,111"tbe P'4o
a capital of about eighteen millions sterling..e". pee." I
sent prices of landed and real property. _Eclectic ose
TRIAL UNDER LORD ASHLEY'S ACT.--Anicol"sll,h;
the instance of the Procurator-Fiscal of Ch,"'"" of
shire, against one of the workman in the set-vie:0010,
Clackmannan Coal Company, for the emploYfethe 00,0
female in one of the coal mines belonging to „ J
pany, was tried on Wednesday last beforvioool,
Tait, Esq., sheriff of the county. About the e:O3,
previously the owner and manager of of naer
liery had been tried for the same offell'iot stileploying, among others, the same female; 00
a long trial, the sheriff assoilzied the olvileL of rt,
ground that there was not sufficient evideevw A°es
having authorised or permitted the womant,
In the coal mines in Clackmannanshire, oppl'io
wrought as wheelers to the workmen, who, li,°ndselie
both employed and paid them ; and the defers fe°,po
this case was charged with having employed -fictlOTtit
in the month of June last, under ground, injot °
'
of the 13th section of the Act, which enacts ":0171 „r
shall be made to appear, to the satisfs°,-
the sheriff, that the offence was committobe ?eb,
under the authority of a workman, without tAall et
sonal consent or knowledge of the owner, it oft,
lawful for the sheriff to summon the workmaqee oolle
for such an offence, and convict him in lieu 1;0 cy of m
Various objections were made to the reletod, aft!: to
libel, but they were repelled by the sheriff, sentenced,
proof, the workman was found guilty sou, 2,, of °or
pay the minimum penalty of 51., witho3niib, troesbteo i
cto;
and in default of payment within one in
witted to prison for one calendar month. A g ssiolb
ber of colliers being present, the sheriff took belie r`,
pronouncing judgment, to state that while heirs other it
the execution of the Act in this county, bjectet,go
might at first inflict individual hardship, the cei to revt to
was to better the condition of the colliers, 80, respeciej,
females from an employment which was, wont be 031:00
them, both unsuitable and degrading. ref
that whatever the colliers might think of the it ill fort
the determination of the Government to
Other pOtisr.
and unless the practice was discontinued, odeer7A
tions would undoubtedly take place.—Berwicl.oo' of,
DANGERS OF THE AFRICAN GUANO DO or
letter, dated Sunday, received at Liverpool erg Ot/es'
from Falmouth, contains a statement of sle n'is vo ,s•
dinary character, the truth of which there slot, of "list.
son to doubt. It is as follows :—The Sam 5,11,,t 31!;',. of
don, arrived off here (Falmouth), reports '"CouriN
Vaughan, master, of the merchant brig„obis,
London, having touched at Bathurst (It,a
the 15th of June, whence the Sam Slick sat that o'l
made a declaration to the authorities there otstercio,
the whole of that vessel's crew,
a),
as well as ti 0f 1,(1,-%org
some of the seamen of the barque Margaret; the tbel
including the captain, had been captured ncherethe
at Arguing upon the western coast of Affiei!o'cludii3gAftv
had gone to procure guano. Seven men' in rier
'dile off ro of
chief mate of the Ceurier, had been
canus, of London, Captain Isemonger, lYieogived s „rarer,
die, having heard of the tragedy, had re,n.he garb.y oa
of nine Brandfosons, including tart captain 01 1. oathcgo'
for 300/. six of the py arrived
; °of the 3 osse'
the 6th of August, including the captain avel in
ret. Three remained behind, unablgooo.
quence of their wounds. The captaeinto of
ester theta6l st
was three months in captivity."—Nene pent ou f
The Earl of Harborough, at his re' whole etolr
Melton Mowbray, caused the rents of the dine, S
cottage tenants on his estates at Whisstulhen•
to t
ford, Saxby, and Teigh, to be returned.

v
BIRTHS. IQ abilioer.
On the 26th of last June, at Bhooj, in the ',I ag„.',4o'
dency, the wife of Major Skeffingt n 'Poole, 0' 3,4,,-)lot P." ,
Hatlistohne,lEBsthq.,illoStf
a.,
daughter.a ChiSleh Urg°Kent, the hi"" •0`
, the
On the 18th inst., at Combe Royal, Devonshire' fl
e
Zachary Mudge, Esq., of a son. d Daber, ,
At Nailsea, Somersetshire, the lady of Edw. (,1 r
At, oi
of a son. The law A
Doc:7n,
tEhseq2..ootfhainssotn, sal l
Dl - bo
wo imn
e. s ,
On the 19th inst., at Streatham Paragon, "- ill r'
„,„, BVerit
twins,Buller,
00
antt hahEeebs2o2qoyo. ,tthoahfniii
I:lel:8tti. daughter.
at
H 0 the lady& J:."3"63 %s% autcb, of
wife of
rnchurch, Mrs. J. - •
the
girl.,'at Clifton Villas, Maida_cale,
droe
A. A. Mackey, Esq., of a son. of "
On the 21st inst., in Iffoburn-place, the leaf - ef
, 4# '
Atherton, Esq., barrister-at-law, of a daughteir,:dy of
'-'d
On the 21st inst., in Berkeley-square, the '''.--
Smirke, Esq., of a son. ,•e•
----- aeor,,
MARRIED. rob, I,j(P'
On the 25th of July, at the Holy Trinity ClVntesb 0'
town, St. Vincent, West Indies, George blac."l-iter
tague Browne, Esq., to Jean Mackay, eldest dO. if'3,
M'Leod, Esq., of Tourama. Anal be
On the Ist of August, at the parish church of stit'dge ftol,
Jamaica, David Turnbull, Esq., her MajestY's f the 's
Court o Mixed Commission, to Alice, daughter 0
Musson, Esq.. of Paynter-vale, Bermuda._ , seott, ~,I,'
On the 19th inst., at Clifton, Charles nen*, the Ile
M.D., of Sonthsea, to Susan, second daughter 0.! ~,1%
S. Moncrieffe, M.A., Rector of Loxton, Soinest-boreaPpie
On the 19th inst., at St. Mary's Church, Sc rof the
Harris, Esq., of Coventry, to Elizabeth, &ugh tie°
T . Morris, Esq., of Carmarthen. 0 life3s, Qte
On the 19th inst., at the parish church, -.--33fary L'' fa"
Tomlin, Esq., solicitor, Richmond, Yorkshire, to wile
eldest daughter of the late J. E. Norris, Esq., A jelr
Halifax. pavi'ie
On the 21st inst., at West Hoathley, Susses' of Greivet
ning9, to Maria, third daughter of J. Turner, pe,
ctoch' o;
Manor, West Hoathley, Sussex, Esq. of the '' -GO
On the 21st inst., Lewis Phillips, E6(1",- John
change, to Miss Jane, third daughter of 311.• old
, , Eci,,,jo
Langriclge, Nazing Essex,
On the 21st inst..: at St. George's, Ilanover-0(1.„°81)erl>P-
Hogg, M.D., to Elizabeth, relict of the late JII.
Esq., of the United States.
_--- ~,ete-45

I)LED.
On the 20'h • ' , inst., in Parklane, Lucy bo
Dowager of Bradford,'-
aged i 8. 0000Y,yer
On the 14th inst., in Sloane-street,' Elizabeth mie,
relict of the late It II b E f DishleP her
R. oney orn, sq., o Elizabeth, vv 0
shire, aged 86. :0, offr)ile,
On the 17th inst., at Ramsgate, Cicelia Filgo'-potofi'hiylll'
stone, Warwickshire, relict (.;t' J. E. Pilgrim, of ' - Dtlf);,
On the 18th inst., at Burdon, near-Darlinftov, yorll,
Margaret, relict of the late J. Waldo, ESCII. Cif.l.llllllel retj
On the 19th inst., Hannah, thewife of 111 r. Sainu roll
of Hornse3-- lane, Hghgate. h Dter
maOr.,ilietbhoene2Vielrl, Mr. Jame; Classon, winch
e
- ---- ~nn ye 11 j
London:, Friated old. Published by Ml3.o.""l'fice, If '
• ,',. 112,' Strand., Printer, at me Su" 0 coP
'''' -milt in the Precinct of the Savo!. in til°
Middlesex, Tstescias, September 241110*

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