The Sun.
London, England, 1826-09-29 00:00:00

THE MARKETS.

CORN-EXCHANGE.—(Tetts flea.).
The quantities up since Wednesday are very, trivial. Wheat
sells very slowly on the terms of Monday. Barley, Beau, and
Pew, partake in the general dullness of soda. Oats sell ea the
same terms as Monday, with little doing. In other Grain and Flour no alteration.

I . .
()Alto. ' illiiitr.
.940 Ito, 3,o7estuits.
........
1/40111t • ..,--

AXRIVALI.
At. Barley.ti a.m
2,64 40 qrs.

1 nth
10orso
Foroiv .0 i 3 • ear
sAtITIIFIELDItt A Ir* )
quality a very dull, sale,
At this daY's market, which exhibited a large, hot what the
buyers and sellers term a rough Friday's 1",1,11„);,'. esc,h k:intd; of
prime stock experienced a brisk, that
variation from itlandara

PRICIS PER rroNz or ALBS' T° SIVIC ?kit orrAvs. A
Inferior Beasts 9 4 IA
ego L4lll
3 et Prime small ditto. 4 4 4 $
Second quality ditto.... 41 $ Calves a out 4 4 6
Prime birgc (hen ......• 4 j 0 0 wider out. touch 410 $
Prime Scots, ... . . ... v 3 6 Lat.. Wits 3$ 411
141 a° SSUmoiliklinPC47:l4:::iiirto4 411 sash.t
Coarse.woollecl 4ti Okliirter OM „ON. to 11..
Osteh.
South Iterhl,4l;l4V rt; little business yrs* transacted; their prices at 14_
11"1"21''mturmi‘13,581111°.-01.4.418.
ilii;46 ATE
per!)ANston4., by the Carcase.
3 0 4 4 Vert!Vert!..... ....... .onv. a a
mutton
14mbAst u
. s do. to *4. (14.
perit:44l.
to
46.
so
1 ,11; to, 4 4
t. . 4
.

SPIRI'T OF THE PUDLIC JOURNALS.

In considering the distress of our working manu-
facturers, the most important of all duties fin those
who feel themselves bound to, uard against the recur,
renee of the evil, is to inquire whether it's causes are
likely to be permanent or transient, that is, whether a
remedy should be sought from time and patience, the
natural correctives of ordinary fluctuations in trade, or
whether a new litateria medial ought to be explored
to meet the case of a novel order of calamity. To the
proofs already afforded in this journal, that the griev-
ance is not merely a suspension of trade, but also a
transfer of it to foreign countries, a curious statement
of facts from the American Papers will be found ex-
tracted in another cOlumn. An article .dated Potts-
mouth, New Hampshire, informs us, that in 1810,
before the late war with the Republic, there existed in
New Hampshire, altogether, 12 manufacturing esta-
blishments, which produced in a twelvemonth be-
tween four and five million yards of cotton cloth.
Whereas now, there are in the same county no less
than 50 manufactories, making up above 30,000,000
yards. Here there has been a direct increase of more
than 500 per cent. It is further stated, that the whole
surrounding country has put on a manufacturing as-
pect ; that villages, of sixty, or. seventy habitations have
sprung up, where, a short time back, there were but
one or two ; that at Lowell a company was incorpo-
ratedin January, 1825, with a capital of 600,000 dol•
lam-125,0001. sterling—for jean, dimity, twilled
goods, &c. ; and that the system spreads from day to
day. Now the spread of this system in New Englimil,
is, and must be, at the expellee, of old England.
The idleness of thousandS of our poor countrymen,
and the meagre wages for which others of die's are
accustomed to toil, have mulling mysterious in
them, when we know that the country which grows
the cotton-plant produces also the skill through which
it must be fabricated into muslin, and that markets
which we were in the habit of supplying to the ex-
clusion of the whole :world, are now accommodated
with the articles which they stand in need of by the
workmen living at their door. From such rivals, it is
Mere matinesft to suppose that we can resume at plea-
sure the e:otton manufacture which they have wrested
fiom I!.s, as a portion of their natural ioheritance.
Th'.e. material is theirs ; hut if it were not, our work-
;nen have migrated, and form part of the American
population, being driven from home by the high price
of bread, the low price of labour, the concentration of
capital, and the overflow of a currtiticy which gave the
master an irresistible power of starving the poor work-
man into his, own terms. If we look to the continent
of Europe, the advantages against us are not less for-
midable than those which spring from the encouraging
proportion between the price of bread and the rate of
wages 'in America. All the European kingdoms are
directing their policy to the main object of manufac-
turing for themselves. If England 'had not been a
practical monopolist of other markets besides her own,
she needed not to have feared the result of such a dc-
fensive system in her neighbours. But it is not enough
for England to have a share, co-extensive with her ter-
ritory and population—not to have all is in her case
to lose what she had acquired--the numbers and wants
of herinhabitantt were created by 'her occupancy of
the whole commercial globe. If ousted from many of
the points, which she tad 'seized, her artificial wants
can be no lo4er satisfied, nor her artificial population
subsisted.—liates.
Mr. Peel remarked . last Session, that, « though
crimes of violence had diminished of late years in this
country, yet petty crimes-.-such as pilfering, picking
of pockets; swindling, &c., were continually increas-
ing. The national character has changed with the
circumstances of the nation. The once rough and
rugged Englishman, who, according to old Fortescue,
would not have hesitated to attack, singly, three or
four men, hay become in his crimes a cool calculator
wait for the aged, the intoxicated, or
etildren-...and carefully avoiding those from whom
resistance might be apprehended.. It used to be re-
marked of 'English soldiers in former times, that
" they were brave to audacity, but that they would
not bear being struck." sow, they are the only
soldiers in Europe, who will submit to he flogged.
—The people who were once the proudest in
Europe, are now driven from pillar to post, with•
out murmuring ;—imprisonnient is thought little
of poverty has so , tamed the spirit of the
peasantry, that, I rat.ier. than pay a fine of a few
shillings, they would go to the prison or the
tread-mill. Physical suffiering it now the only suf-
fering with multitudes. A peasant, who has, been
dragged before a Justice for nutting, or tres-
passing in, a wood, or some other trifling matter,
has no indignant feeling, if the constable do not
handle him too roughly;---the moral, pain amounts to
nothing. We most not suppose, however, that though
in England the change in the character of the people,
and the complexion of their, crimes, have been more
marked than in any otter country, that altered circutn-
stances have not, to a-certain extent, produced corre-
sponding changes in other countries.
.A German po-
litical writer, Justus Moser, who has been called the
Franklin of his country, and who filled a high judicial
situation in the latter half of the last century, has been
at pains to show the'cennectioo between different de-
grees of populousness and particular descrilitions of
crime. In the Register of the Bailwick of Furstenau,
in the Bishopric of Osnaburgh, there are yearly, he
observes, (between 1550 and 1600), on an average,
120 piinisbnients for assaults to the effusion of blood,
and two murders ; and this number gradually dimi-
nishes till the time at which he wrote (1770), when,
though the population had tripled, the punishments
for these cnnies did not I.lllollllt to the twentieth part of
the above. On the other hand, fit time former period
there were liimrtily any. thefts, but they were punished
with exceeding ROVCrity. At thed
early
perm . above
alluded to the, thefts were few, because the population
consisted ahnost exclusively of proprietors and in-
dependentcultivators. As Ate population
became
.more numerous and necessitous, the villages filling
persons without posseasions,
with trick and theft,
became more and more frequent. Poverty and
•
alwayscrimes against property will. go- together.
by M. Rublehon, that in France,
It is remarked,
before the Revolution, time thefts increased with
the poverty of the different provinces ; so that French
Flanders, wields w 4.4 the richest, had the fewest; and
Dauphioy, which was the poorest, had the most. We
a.
find, in like manner, in En ;land, an and, that stealing dI •
fering abound most in the agricultural districts of the
South and West, thew. The tae-
the population has greatly
outgrown the means for employing . • • -
cessities of time ayed
people have made them mean..spiritcd
and tricky ; and it is said that the cunning
OD a
at a pariah pay-table in Hampshire or
a penny
.or
Wiltshire,
Saturday (tight, for the sake of extractmg
two extra from the Overseer, abriost exceeds bellei•
ft is, no doubt consolatory to know that the peace of
tiociety has lido to apprehend from violence ; yet it is

no Small alloy to this, satisfaction,. • -
sfaction,.. find povgrty
• . ,
mean-spiritedneSs, and 'crcints against property, on the
other, bond, gaining so fast ground. Though a man
niay oe in no danger of being run through or knocked
down, yet he may be kept in a constant State of Un-
easiness by the petty depredations to which he is sub-
ject. It has been inore than once remarked that a
greater change has taken place in the character of the
population of this country within the last thirty years,
than for a century before. It is during that period
chiefly that all the old habits of the country have been
hrokeh through, and that the population . has , been
suffered, in many places, to become excessive:. The
crimes against property have more than quadrupled,
and nip, prisons and correction houses 'are springing
'tip in every quarter. Architecture was formerly dis-
played in churches ; the grand subject for it in Eng-
land is prisons. That imprisonments are unnecessa•
rily multiplied by bad laws 'Mid the StaW of the Coln-
mission, is tto daunt true. Still, however, we had bad
laws and feolishijustices before the last thirty years, as
well as since. The great cause of the growth of petty
crimes, and abjectness of character, is, no doubt, the
excessive poverty of the population. Some attempt
ought to be made to remedy the disease in the eco-
nomy of the country.—Morning Chronicle.
While the orators who profess to be the organs of
the Roman. Catholics at home would have us believe
that both themselves and the peculiar tenets of their re-
ligion are alike friendly to political freedom among
mankind, the organs and the members of the same
religion in other countries, but especially in Spain and
Portugal, are at no less pains to convince us that they
bate liberty as much asthey love, dominion. The his-
tory of the world, perhaps, never exhibited any thing
so degrading as the political state of the first of these
countries; and the efforts which are making to
arrtst the progress of freedom in the latter, show
pretty clearly the spirit from which both the one and
the other proceeds. There is a remarkable passage
in the Proclamation of Don Miguel, which we gave in
Saturday's Paper, which fully confirms this obierva.
tion. Not Satisfied with denouncing " Death to the
Revolutionists (as he calls them) and the Constitu-
tion," this a most serene Infant," says to the Portu-
guese nation, " Remember the Holy Religion which
we profess ; and do not admit liberty of worship, that
principle of a Republican Government." Now we
should like to pause, if it were
.possible, and ask Mr.
O'Connell, and the other boisterous friends to the
" liberties" of Ireland, what they say to this. The
truth is, that the Roman Catholic Religion is, and
always has been opposed to freedom in every shape ;
and that its principles, in these respects, are unchang-
ed and unchangeable, the world did not want
the testimony of Don Miguel to convince them:
The ready way in which the Catholics at home,
in the case of " the Wings," for instance, can
change their opinions as suits their convenience, is a
tolerable earnest of their own tergiversation and insin-
cerity in such' matters. We do not state this as any
overwhelming' argument against Catholic Emancipa-
tion ; but only as calculated to place the views both of
its advocates and opponents upon their true grounds.
Mr. O'Connell, and other clamourers for Catholic
Emancipation, are exceedingly mistaken, if they Sup
poso that their friends, among the people of England
at least, are in any degree blinded to the true prin.
ciples of Catholicity, by any of the political .acting
which they witness on the boards of the Associal.
tion or elsewhere. The truth, we believe, is, that
the Protestant friends of Catholic Emancipation
place the subject upon munch higher grounds
than the Catholiol themselves would wish them
do. Their argument is something like this

We know the erroneous, the mischievous, and u

changeable nature of your principles, from which the
courage and good sense of our ancestors have freed
us ; but we believe too, that these is no longer any
danger to be apprehended from you, and therefore our
principles of toleration forbid our excluding you any
longer front the enjoyment of political rights. This
we believe to be the principle upon which intelligent
Protestants advocate Catholic Emancipation. Don
Miguel's Proclamation convinces us, that it is exactly
what Catholics would not do were they in our places ;
for, according to his most serene Infancy, even," li-
berty of worship" is a principle abhorrent to the Ca-
tholic Religion. It is of the very essence of Protest-
antism, however, to resist these odious principles—it
is upon their downfall that it -has been established
and it is not by imitating, but by condemning and re-
versing such principles, that its superiority has been,
and ever must be made manifest to the world.—Morn-
ing Herald.