The Sun.
London, England, 1828-10-30 00:00:00

RUSSIAN WINTER CAMPAIGN.

Turkey in Europe has a population of 2,800,000
Mussulmen, and in Asia eleven millions. The Turks
in Europe follow no other trade but that of arms;
those in Asia have a few agriculturists among them,
.ut no merchants or manufacturers. The civilised
nations of Europe cannot furnish in peace above
10,000 soldiers for every million of inhabitants; in
war, when they double this proportion they make
great efforts, which cannot last. France, with
32,00:0,000 of inhabitants, could not support an
army of 600,000 for three years, and provide for the
wants of agriculture and commerce. Turkey, or
the contrary, with 13,000,000 of people, could sup-
port such an army without sufaring. She is cal-
culated for war. To try a winter campaign is to ex-
pose the Russians to multiplied disasters. The ex-
traordinary levies in Russia cannot complete till
spring, with inexperienced soldiers, the skeletons of
their regiments. A campaign in winter is above all
murderous for an invading army. An enemy who
acts on the defensive, and fights for his home, will
obtain resources that the invader cannot find.

The capture of Varna will hardly change the
nature of the Black Sea, which is scarcely navigable
in winter. To pretend, therefore, that the fleet
cannot only supply the army with provisions, but can
fellow, and support its movements along the coast, is
to be ignorant of the climate and the seasons, and is
to fall into absurdity. The capture of Varna, if
followed by that of Silistria, would at most only
secure winter quarters.

FRENCH FUNDS, PARIS, OCT. 27.—Rantes, Fire per
Cents. 105 f. 25c.; Three per Cents., 74f. 15e. ; Bank
Actions, 1,840&

FoxitlGN FIINDL —Neapolitan Rented, 79f. 25c. ; Royal
Spanish Loan, 79i ; Interminable Spanish Annuities,
504- ; Haytian Loan, 6S2f. 50c.

The commercial letters-from Lisbon, received
by the packet, touch very little on political events, but
from the tone of most of them it may be collected, that
public affairs are held to be by no means in a settled state,
and that since the arrival of the young Quisx in England
was known, a re-action in her favour was very generally
1.-..oked for. This opinion is founded upon the state of
public feeling, from the continued atrocities of Mauer.,
and a knowledge of the situation of the interior of the coun-
try, where large guerilla parties are forming. Some of
citese bad collected in such numbers in the neighbourhood
f Guimaraes and Viana, that they had defeated all the
regular troops sent against them. of all the late measure?.
..1 Micor.L, that which has spread the greatest alarm
among the merchants has been the decree for terming a
battalion of Royalist Volunteers, composed of individuals
of a.l chit ses, from the age of 18 to 45, as it is understood
that in order to attach them more strongly to the -
cause of the usurper, the .privilege is to be granted to
~11 the individuals to arrest on suspicion, and imprison any
persons they think proper to denounce. Every man of
property in the country, therefore, was placed by this de-
cree at the mercy of the lowest vagabonds in it. By the
English residents in Lisbon, as might be expected, the an-
noyance of being subjected to the examination of the
armed boats of Ittrauxx. before being allowed to enter the
packet, bound to their own country, is much dwelt on.
The alternative, however, by which this annoyance was
alone to be avoided, viz. the being compelled to have re-
course to the Captain of a French ship of war for pro-
tection, was, if possible, still more galling to them. Se-
veral of the mercantile establishments are preparing to
wind up their affairs, and to quit a country where property
and life itself are rendered precarious

A few days since a wolf issued from a forest in
the vicinity of Rotrec, department of the Charente, and at-
tacked at noon-day two women returning from market,
whom he tore in a most dreadful manner. After seriously
wounding two other women, he was shot at the moment
when he was attacking a sock of sheep. One of the
women has since died, and serious apprehensions are enter-
tained for the recovery of others.—French Paper.

A few days ago the Tritium' de Premiere In-
stance, at Paris, decided that a foreigner who signs in a
foreign country a letter of exchange in favour of another fo
reigner, is liable to be sued before a French tribunal for the
recovery of the amount by a Frenchman, to whom the let-
ter of exchange may have passed by means of endorsement.
The facts upon which this judgment was grounded were as
follows :—Mr. Oxitsav, an English gentleman, signed a
letter of exchange in England, which, after passing through
several hands, came into the possession of M. Daazza, of
Paris. Mr. ORMSBY' having arrived in the French
capital, M. Derma had him arrested in virtue of a
warrant of the Court obtained at his request.—
Mr. ORMI,BY appealed against his detention, and
the affair was brought before the above tribunal. Mr.
ORMSBY'S counsel, after stating that the letter of exchange
was given to cover a gambling debt, argued, that accord-
ing to the terms of the 14th article of the civil code, of
which the decree of 1807, which authorizes the provi-
sional imprisonment of a foreigner, was only a corollary, a
foreigner who had signed a bond in his own country, was
only amenable to a French tribunal in case he phould have
treated with a Frenchman direct, and supported this opi-
nion upon two recent judgments of the Royal Court. He
also argued that the letter of exchange was irregular, as it
was without date. The counsel for M. DF.BEZR resin •
tamed that there was no irregularity, as the person signing
had nothing to do but to pay the letter of exchange
when presented. A letter of exchange, he added, was
not like an ordinary contract, but from its nature passed
froThme
ionnee
divipdruasoinsitgoninangotshuecrh, andl letter
roomf
exchange was
twoaasnoer.
conse-
quently bound to whomsoever might happen to be the
holder of it when it becarre due. The King's Advocate
thought that 111. Dirsesx's claim could not be established os
the decree of 1807, or the 14th article of the Civil Code, but
upon the Sd article of the law of the 4th Floreal, An. VI.
which authorises the tribunals to pronounce arrest against
foreigners for all bonds signed by them, which would have
rendered them liable to arrest in the places where they
were signed. Mr. ORMSBY'S appeal was rejected with
Galignanes Messenger.

LONDON.
THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 30, 1828.

MR. SHEIL'S SPEECH.

Much observation has been made upon the
speech delivered by Mr. SHELL at the Penenden
Meeting, and the variances between what that
gentleman actually spoke, and what we published
in our report of the proceedings. The facts stand
thus :—I saw Mr. SHELL for the first time
at the meeting, and a few minutes -before he
rose to speak, I introduced myself to him,
and told him that I was exceedingly anxious
to send a report of what he should say
to Ireland, in the Second Edition of the
SUN Newspaper. I further mentioned to him
that it was not my intention to publish the
Second Edition in London, as the Morning
Papers might consider that an undue advantage
was taken of them. I then requested as a fa-
your to myself, in case he had written anything
which he intended to speak, to assist me by
letting me have it. Mr. SHELL then said, that
of course he should adapt what he should
say to the incidents that might arise during the
meeting, and that therefore it was unlikely that
he should deliver what he had written in the
words in which the matter had been composed.
In order, however, to facilitate the reporting of
his speech, he furnished me, at the meeting itself,
with the heads of what it was his intention
to say, and at the same time begged that I
should alter what he had written according to
the variations which he should himself make
while speaking. He at the same time said, that
he was much more anxious that hisspeech should
be read than that it should be heard, and that
from the factious feeling of which he saw the
evidences at the Meeting, he despaired of ob-
taining a fair hearing. "My object," he said, "is
to forward the cause which may be promoted by
the perusal of the arguments I intend to use, al-
though my yoke may be lost in this dreadful
uproar." I found that Mr. SHELL spoke, in
substance, the written matter which he had
given me ; and immediately .after the speech
had been spoken, I transmitted it by
express to London. It did not appear
in the first edition of the SUN—the second
edition was not published in London, but at
great expence, in order to conrey the earliest
intelligence, was despatched after the mail to Ire-
land. The speech, as printed in the SUN, was
furnished to the Morning Papers in which it
appeared. It is almost unnecessary to add, that
the charge brought against Mr. SHEIL, of having
sold his speech, is utterly unfounded.
When I perceived that the report of Mr.
S ElL's speech had crested so much discussion,
I applied to him to contradict the allegations
which were contained in several Journals ; to
which he replied, " You may state the circum-
stances if you think proper—l will not. lam
only anxious that the public should read my ar-
guments, and am indifferent about imputations
in which the merits of the Catholic Question are
not involved."

EDITOR OF THE SUN.

By Brussels Papers to the 30th inst., received
this morning, it appears that twenty-two projects
had been laid before the Second Chamber of the
States General, among which is the Budget.
The receipts of last year present an excess of
nearly four millions, one million of which is
placed at the disposal of his MAJESTY, and
three millions are carried to the credit of the
year 1828. These Papers and the Ordinary
Supplement to the Prussian State Gazette, to
the 23d instant, do not contain any further in-
telligence whatever from the theatre of war. The
following are extracts :

BERLIN, OCT. 23.

The Prusaian State Gazette of this date, and the
ordinary Supplement, do not contain any news what-
ever from 'the theatre of war.

VIENNA, OCT. 19.

The Austrian Observer of this date gives, from
the Journal of Odessa of the llth (received by ex-
press), the Russian bulletins of Ist October, but
nothing whatever of a later date.
16.—The Universal Gazette of Greece of

Sept. 3, announces that the President issued a
decree on the 29th of August, for the levy of a regi-
ment of artillery of six battalions, of which two bat-
talions alieady exist. The privates are to be allowed
three months' furlough every year; they are enlisted
for four years. Those who enlist voluntarily will
enjoy several advantages. It is expected that young
sailors of Hydra, Spezzia, and Ipsara, will form the
chief part of the corps.

ROME, OCT. 11.

We learn from Civita Vecchia, that in the night
of the 2d inst. two Tripolitan schooners captured
the Neapolitan brigantine Victoria, near the Torre
Chiaruccia; the Captain arid the crew of twelve
men escaped in the long-boat, and have arrived in
our port. This vessel came from Marseilles.
BRUSSELS, OCT. 27.

Twenty-two projects of law have been laid before
the Second Chamber of the States• General, among
them is the budget. It appears that the receipt of
last year presents an excess of nearly four-millions,
three millions of which are carried to the credit of
the year 1828, and one million noted as placed at
his Majesty's disposal. Another of these projects
is the decennial budget, amounting at a little more
than sixty-eight millions, of which about seven mil-
lions are for the eipences of manavinent.