The Sun.
London, England, 1828-04-16 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRENCH PAPERS.
(From the Gazette de France, dated Monday, April 14.)
CONSTANTINOPLE, MARCH 19.—The Pacha of
Smyrna made a landing upon Scio on the 12th, and
massacred all the Greeks who could not make their
escape by timely flight. It is not known here what
has become of Fabvier.
M. De Canitz arrived here on the 13th, and has
caused himself to be recognised by the Reis Effendi
as Extraordinary Commissioner of the Court of
Prussia. As M. de Militz ceased his functions im-
mediately upon his arrival, it is natural that there
should be various reports upon this subject. Some
days previous, M. de Militz and the Austrian Inter-
nuncio had sent a Tartar to Smyrna, to deliver to
Admiral de Rigny the proposals made to the Greeks
by the Porte. Admiral de Rigny appears to have
sent them by an aviso to Malta and to Corfu.
No change had taken place in the capital, though
all the accounts from Russia are of a warlike nature,
and gives reason to fear an attack on the Bosphorus.
The Porte has received from Odessa certain infor-
mation, that many Europoan vessels have been
freighted there for the conveyance of troops and
ammunition, and that the contracts with the Cap-
tains contained a stipulation that they may be em-
ployeol by the Russians even in the environs of
Constantinople.
BUCHAREST, MARCH 2.s.—Letters from Missa
say, that a division of Turkish troops, coming from
Widdin, having attempted to enter Servia, Prince
Milosch had opposed the augmentation of the
Turkish garrisons in that country; and that his
remonstrances on this subject having proved in-
effectual, the Servians had,revolted and defeated the
Turks ; much- blood was shed, on this occasion. It
is said that the Pacha of Widdin was killed on the
field of battle, and that Prince Milosch was wounded.
(From the Constitutionnel of Sunday.)
PARIS APRIL 13.—Yesterday, at half-past seven
o'clock, the King received the President and Secre-
taries of the Chamber of Deputies, who had the
honour of presenting to his Majesty the list of can-
didates for the questure.
The President, M. Royer Collard, addressed his
Majesty in the following manner :—" Sire—Behold
the day after the revolution of fourteen years, when
we saluted with our acclamations legitimacy, the
living image of right, order, and peace. Its power
has been increased by its benefits; France owes to
it the Charte and a good King; all minds are con-
vinced, and all hearts are gained. May legitimacy,
the guardian of our liberties, traverse with them ages
of glory and happiness ! May the august race in
which it resides present a long line of generations,
which shall be its protection against despotism and
anarchy ! The organs of public confidence we hasten,
Sire, to lay at the foot of your Majesty's throne the
homage of our profound respect and inviolable
fidelity."

CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES, APRIL 12.
The Fundholders of the Spanish Loan, at Paris,
prayed the payment of the arrears due since the
Ist of May, 1824.
Gentlemen (said M. Mechin, the Reporter), it
would be hard to imagine that a remonstrance of
this nature should excite amongst yen other senti-
ments than those of commisseration and benevolence.
We have not to explain to you the causes which led
his Catholic Majesty to swear to the Constitution
restored at this period, and which, in the former
years, had been acknowledged by the Alliance of
the Sovereigns leagued, against the French Empire.
Ferdinand VII. reigned, surrounded by the Mini-
sters of all the Powers of Europe. His august re.
lotion, Louis XVIII., had congratulated him on the
events in the Peninsula. The loans subscribed in
France, England, and all the capitals, had been
quoted at the Exchange of Paris, in virtue of a
Ministerial authority. They were negotiated as
notices of the national credit ; and the interest -was
at first paid exactly. Now how could all the persons
into whose hands these Royal Debentures came con-
ceive that they were compromising their fortunes,
and that they would one day be. treated as fa-
vourers and accomplices of revolt, and be punished
with confiscation, because they had paid such au-
thentic acts, coming from so high and august a
source, the respect which, by their nature, they de-
manded ? The produce of this Loan had been ap-
plied to the wants of his Majesty and his fa-
mily—to the repair of roads, canals, and public
edifices—to the liquidation of the greater part
of the debts of Charles the Third—to the pay-
ment of a debt of eleven millions of reels con-
tracted with Holland, by a convention signed at
Madrid—before any idea was entertained with re-
ference to the assembling of the Cortes. And that
which is remarAble is that the same loans, desig-
nated as loans of . the Cortes, were only admitted
by them with great difficulty, as the debates which
took place on the 18th of May and 3d,of June, 1822,
shew. The loans of the Cortes were caused, and
solicited by the Ministers of the King, pressed by
the King himself, and concluded under his Royal
signature, which remained in the hands of the contrac-
tors. But moreover the King, of his own accord, con-
sidering these loans, the circumstances of which jus-
tified the inquiry and necessity, asa service rendered
to his person and his state, conferred on the con-
tractors the Order of Charles III.; and the Am-
bassador of France obtained for those who accepted
it, the King's permission to wear it. Now, could
the French lenders foresee that these were all vain
appearances, and that the French Government itself
was the dupe of its candour ? It is worthy of re-
mark, that there is no special measure which re-
proves these loans, but the general and vague terms
of the Royal Decree of Forte Sainte Maria, which
annuls the Acts of the Cortes. In this state of
affairs, and without wishing to enter into all the de-
velopments which the subject would permit, your
Commission proposes the reference to the Minister
for Foreign Affairs."
M. Alexander de Laborde supported the proposi-
tion of the last speaker. The public funds of
Spain, he contended, have been for the last hundred
years a constant object of dangerous stock jobbing ;
and I would even add our debt of 89 millions by
Spain (laughter' on the left), in case the Govern-
ment should not take measures to insure reimburse-
ment. The debts of Spain are now 16,000 millions of
reals. By reducing these debts to the quarter, or
to twenty-five per cent. of the mass, the sum then
remaining would be above the whole amount of the
present revenue of Spain. If that state of affairs
interested only the bankers or capitalists, I would
not speak of it : but the bait of high interest which
was offered induced fathers of families, poor work-
men, thus to lay out the fruit of their savings, and
they have soon become victims of their confidence.
I do not pretend to call Spanish fidelity in question,
but the means must be possessed in order to fulfil
what it requires. Now the present revenues of
Spain can scarcely meet the most indispensable ex-
penses of the Government; and Spain will never
have revenues until it has institutions and a wise ad-
ministration. France has always honoured its mis-
fortunes by its fidelity—but why ? Because its
Princes have given it institutions in harmony with
the events of the country, and the general interests
of the country; and these they will maintain.—
(Cheers on the left.)
M. Syrievs de Mayrinhac--'-The order of the' day.
(Laughter.)
This proposition was lost, and the reference to
the Minister for Foreign Affairs was carried.
several Half-pay Officers prayed for the continua-
tion of their pay until the time appointed for their
retirement.
The Reporter, after long details on the Petition,
concluded by moving the reference of it to the
Special Commission for the credit of -300,000 f., and
the Commission of the Budget.
M. de Cause, the Minister of War; gave some ex-
planations, which show Clot the Royal Ordinance
of the month of March. had done every thing pos-
sible for the military persons who required an ame-
lioration in the position in which this Ordinance had
placed them.
General Sebastiani—ln 1815, there were nearly

22,000 officers, whose half-pay amounted to more
than 18 millions. In 1818, Marshall de St. Cyr pro-
cured an Ordinance which divided these officers
into different' classes. He only wished to admit
F into his service those who could be admitted with
advantage to the State; he wished to insure to the
• .others an honourable repose in their retirement. He
; never entertained the barbarous idea of excluding a
single one from the pay which would procure him
the means of existence. A great number of them were
adthitted to active service; others have suffered the
greatest reverse. Many have been dispersed, like
real Israelites, by misfortunes. The late, Adminis-
tration ruined 150 Generals—the glory and the
pride of their country. But their swordi is not
broken,- and their King will find-it at the Moment of
.battle.—(Continued cheers on the left.)—Now, the
number of these Officers is one thousand two hun-
dred, and the expence, which was originally 18
millions, is now only 178,000 f. By the Ordinance
of March, all this half-pay has disappeared, and a
part of these Officers have been reduced to a soldede
reforme. You may conceive the narrowness of this
income, when you knew that for a Lieutenant or
Sub-Lieutenant it is nineteen sous a day ; three
francs for a Colonel.--(Strong sensation.)—Now, do
you think that the heroes who fought in the cam-
, paigns of Spain, Germany, and Russia—who were
' present at Essling, Wagram, Moskva; at the bat-
tles fought about Paris; who resisted the misfor-
tunes of the almost fabulous retreat from Moscow—
have not acquired claims. on the gratitude of the
country ; that they have, at least, met a sufficient
number of dangers to ensure them the means of ex-
, istence ?—(Warm opposition on the left.)
M. Jars—lf there are sacred debts in existence,
they are those contracted by a Government with its
defenders. I know nothing which can free it from
them except the death of the creditor. However,
the officer may be withdrawn out of sight of his
flag, he has a right to reckon on you till death.
(Warm approbation.) No doubt the army will be
always courageous and faithful—your experience
teaches you that; but by guaranteeing his future
conduct, you will attach him the more to his ditties.
You will increase, if it be possible, his zeal for
France—his love for the King.
General Higounet, after expressing himself in
favour of the opinions of the last speaker, pointed
out the great inferiority of the military to the civil
pensions. He cited on this subject a Brigadier-'
General, who, after fourteen years'service, received
a pension of 300 f.; ,and another General Officer of
the same rank, who had received 2,800 f., after
twenty-seven years and eleven months' service;
while that of a Maitre des Comptes, having been
two years less in service, had received 4,800 f
(Sensation in the Assembly.)
M. Bregueville—The Charter states, Article
9th, " The military in active service, officers and
soldiers in retirement, the widows, officers, and
soldiers receiving pensions, retain their grades,
honours, and pensions." This law is clear, Gen-
tlemen; every disposition manifested to paralyse
the effect of it, is not less a, blow at the authority
from which it emanates than an injustice towards the
iuterests which it protects.
The Minister of War—A Minister cannot re-
main silent when he is accused of vielat?ng the
Charter. It is not the power to guarantee any
ether contract than according to the conditions to
which it was subject_ at the period at which it was
enacted. The Decree of 1812 had enacted these
eonditions, but which were subsequently acknow•••
ledged by an Ordinance favourable to the army, and
of which the army has recognised all the advantage.
The petition was ordered to he referred, without
a discussion.
[Many inhabitants of Paris require the suppression
of gaming houses, and of the Lottery.]
M. De Conny, in a long speech, developed the
moral considerations which warranted the abolition
of those disastrous institutions, and demanded that
the petition be referred to the. Ministers of Finance,
of the Interior, and of Justice.
M. C. Dupin.—l have not listened, without sur-
prise, to the causes alleged by the Hon. Reporter, for
preventing the radical suppression of lotteries, and
of games of hazard. I cannot admit as a fact de-
monstrated, that agricultural departments are
superior, upon the score of religion and morality, to
the manufacturing departments and. to large manu-
facturing cities. In those agricultural departments,
where the lower class is a prey to misery and ignor-
ance, it is depraved, superstitious, and inclined to
games of hazard. In those departments where
there are large cities, in the 'aosoni of which the
lower class has the advantage of education, the
citizens are orderly and industrious, and the popula-
tion are less inclined to games of? hazard than in
other cities equally populous. It should be remem-
bered, that offences in themselves equally blameable,
are chastised as crimes in cities, and punished
as simple delinquencies in the country. The theft
of a dwarf-tree will not be visited with the punish-
ment of the galleys upon the borders of a forest ; but in
the heart of a city the slightest theft in a shop, if it be
accompanied by burglary, may lead, not only to the
punishment of the galleys, but even of. death.—
Remark, too, that the surveillance is more active and

more effective in places where the population is very
condensed. There is, therefore, much less of un-
punished crime in cities than in the country. But
in the country Government does not maintain at a
great expense lotteries and gaming-houses, to tempt
the passions of the peasant ; whilst, in large towns,
the public authority amply supplies these instruments
of ruin to the lower orders. There is to be found a
remarkable connection between the passion for gaming
and irreligion. I will not recapitulate the general
results which I have stated at a former sitting, and
the melancholy relations subsisting between crime
and gaming, in communitie.4 in which gaming pre.
vails. The existence of this sad connection cannot
be denied.

(From the JT71:"7:r.:2 des Debats.)

PARIS, APRIL 13.—The Marquis of London-
derry has been here for some days. Perhaps he has
only profited by the Easter holidays ; but a format
residence at Vienna, as Ambassador, and a conspi-
cuous part in the House of Peers in opposing Mr.
Canning's Cabinet, with his connection with the
present English Ministry, may, perhaps, attach some
political importance to his journey. Some pel sons
see in him a successor to Lord Gower, the English
Ambassador; and others have attributed to his pro-
ceedings at Paris a demi-official character, having for
his object to induce France to enter into a triple
alliance with Austrja and England against the futnre
pretensions of Russia. We see nothing, however, on
the part of England, so decided as that of placing her-
self in opposition to Russia, and forming a coali-
tion in case of certain events. The English Ministry
seems much more occupied with the present than
with the future. It clings to the hopes of peace,
wherever they arise. There is, indeed, about it a
secret mistrust, and a vague uneasiness, but from
that to an actual rupture there is an immense dis-
tance. As long as the fulfillment of the Treaty of
Loudon can serve the Cabinet of St. James's as an
honourable pretext for inactivity, we do not suppose
that it will hurry before events. It frill wait for
them, and this expecting policy seema common to
all the Cabinets of Europe.

(From the Courier Francais.)
CORFU, FEB. 2S.—The French Ambassador is
still here, waiting orders from his Government. We
are quite ignorant of what is going on in the East.
The Captain and Officers of the French frigate here
are much invited out by the English Officers, ‘ith,
pay them great attention, In the parties which
have been formed were the emblems of France and
England.
Other letters fr'om Corfu announce that the Lord
High Commissioner of the lonian Islands has sum-
moned Ibrahim Pacha to abandon the Morea, but he
has formally refused. On the other hand, it is said
that Count Capo d'lstrias has declared that he will
oppose the free egress of Ibrahim, till the Pacha has
set at liberty and restored to their country the
Greeks that he had earrit-ti off and sold into slaverv.