The Sun.
London, England, 1845-05-19 00:00:00

THIN SUN, LONDON, MONDAY MORNING, MAY 19, 1845

THE RETALIATORY MEASURES
OF BRAZIL.
(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
Mr. Macaulay very justly predicted that the un-
justifiable conduct and aggravating language made
use of in the House of Commons respecting Brazil,
would produce nothing but irritation and recrimina-
tion on her part, and such has really been the case.
We have sought to obtain by coercion what we eould
have much sooner and better obtained by conciliation.
In addition to the proposed differential duty on our
cotton manufactures, the Government of Brazil have
done away with the right of search and the mixed
Commissions established by the treaties between this
country and Portugal in 1815 and 1817, and by that
of 1826, between England and Brazil.
A separate article to the treaty of 1817, adopted by
Brazil, runs thus :
"As soon as the total abolition of the slave trade, for
the subjects of the Crown of Portugal, shall have taken
place, the two high contracting parties hereby agree, by
common consent, to adapt to that state of circumstances
the stipulations of the conditional convention concluded
at London the 28th of July last ; but in default of such
alterations, the additional convention of that date shall
remain in force until the expiration of 15 years from the
day on which the general abolition of the slave trade
shall so take place, on the part of the Portuguese Go-
vernment.
" The present separate article shall have the same
force and validity as if it were inserted, word for word,
in the additional convention aforesaid. It shall be rati-
fied, and the ratifications shall be exchanged as soon as
possible.
" In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries
have signed the same, and have hereunto affixed the
seal of their arms.
" Done at London, this 11th of September, 1817.
(S'gned) " CASTLEREAGH. (LS.)
" CONDE DE PALMELLA. (S.)"
The original of this separate article in the Portu-
guese language says, " Mas quando nao sega possi-
vel concordan em outro ajuste," which is translated
above, " but in default of such alterations ;" whereas
it should have been, " but in case it shall not be
possible to come to any other arrangement," which
bears a very different meaning.
However, the facts are, that in 1817 a convention
was entered into by the British and Portuguese Sove-
reigns for the abolition of the slave trade as then
carried on ; but such suppression was limited to the
coast of Africa, north of the equator, full liberty
being given to its continuance on the south of the
line. In 1823 the British Government obtained from
that of Portugal some further concessions, which it is
not necessary for our purpose to recite.
In 1826 the Government at Brazil, anxious to put
an end to the slave trade, entered into a convention
with our Government, on the 23d of November,

THE BANKS.
(From the Times.)
From the returns made to Parliament, under the late
Banking Act, by private bankers, as analysed by Mr.
Gilbart, we give some further particulars:—

TABLE I
The following is a list of those banki
who are not members of the elear,ng-h,

ag flmas east of Temple-bar,

Name of the Firm. `o' Eo zNames of the Partners
A 4A
1. Abraham Bauer and Co., 71,
King William-street ••• • • • 1 1 Bauer, no Co.
2. William and John Bigger-
staff, 8, West Smithfield .• • 2 1 2 Biggerstaffs.
3. James Bolt, Son, and Co.,
85 and 86, Cheapslde .• • • 3 1 All Bults.
4. Messrs. Child and Co., 1,
Fleet-street
Wormald, Copp.
5. Roger Cunliffe, Lombard-
-1 Cunliffe.
6. Cunliffe, Breoks, and Co.,
Lombard-street ••••• • • • • • 3 2 2 Brooks, 1 Cunliffe.
7. Robert Davies and Co , 187,
lligh•street, Shoreditch .• • 2 1 2 Davieses.
8. Dixon, Brooks, and Dixon,
25, Chancery-lane ........ 3 2 2 Dixons, 1 Brooks.
9. Drewett and Fowler, 4,
Princes-street •••••• • • • • • • 2 2 Drewett, Fowler.
10. John Feltham and Co., 42,
Lombard-street ••• . • • .... 2 2 Feltham, Cooper.
11. Gosling and Sharpe, 19,
' Fleet-street ••••.•• • • • • • • • 4 1 All Goslings.
12. C. Hill & Sons, West Smith-
field
13. Charles Hoare and Co., 37,
Fleet-street 5 1 All Mares.
14. H. and J. Johnson and Co.,
Great Bush-lane ....• .... 3 2 2 Butlers, 1 Prior.
15. Jones and Son, 41, West
stnithfieid .• • ..... •••• • • • 1 1 Alfred Jones.
16. Pock!ington and Lacy, 60,
West Smithfield 2 2 Pocklington, Lacy.
17. Praeds and Co., Fleet-
street . .... ....... •• • 4 3 2 Praeds, 1 Fain., 1
18. Puget, Bairibriciges, and Co., Johnson.
12, St. Paul's Churchyard.. 4 3 2 Bainbridges, 1 New-
ton, 1 La Touche.
19. Smithfield Agency Banking
Company, 59, West Smith-
field ••••• • • • • ..... • • 2 2 Jones, Weedon.
20. William Henry 'tallard, 76,
West Sinit lificld •••• • • . • • 1 1 Stallard.
21. Thr:mas G. Tis,lzlll, IS, West,
Smithfield ...•••••• • • • • • • ' 1 1 Tisdall.
54 36

pledging Brazil to the observance, not only of all the
previous treaties and conventions the mother country
had entered into, but further to the abolition of the
slave trade along the whole coast of Africa.
And in conformity with this pledge, a law was
passed on the 11th of November, 1831, prohibiting
the importation of slaves into the empire, and exacting
penalties and punishments for any infraction thereof
—this law continues in force ;—thus the condition
imposed by the separate article was fulfilled; and as no
further arrangement took place for adapting the stipula-
tions of the additional convention of the 28th July, 1817,
to the state of circumstances arising out of this total
abolition, effected by the treaty of 1826, of course the
additiorrtl convention of 1817 would cease and de-
termine in fifteen years from the date such total
abolition took place, which was on the 23d November,
1829, three years having been allowed from the date
of the treaty, for vessels engaged in the traffic to the
south of the line to wind up their affairs, and return
to a port in Brazil.
In consequence of the expiration of the fifteen years,
all the stipulations in the conventions of 1815 and
1817 are become null and void, of course the right of
search conceded in the last of those conventions, to-
gether with the functions of the mixed commissions,
cease and determine ; but the law of Brazil, for the
suppression of the trade and punishment cf the
offenders, remains in full force and vigour, the Govern-
ment having already issued orders to all the presi-
dents of the provinces situated on the coast, and to
the commanders of the ships of war employed as
" guarda costas," to enforce its enactments.
The right of search was conceded by Portugal—
without due reflection, perhaps—at a time when she
had received great benefit from the exertions of our
armies and from the assistance afforded her by our
treasury, but she has since given proofs of repentance
at having conceded that point, whilst France and the
United States have resisted all our solicitations and '

attempts to prevail on them to accede thereto. Why
should we wish to impose on less powerful states
conditions we cannot obtain from those our equals ?
The slave trade has been falling off in Brazil ever
since the year 1838, as is proved by the returns lately
laid on the tables of the House of Lords and that of

the Commons ; it is not, therefore, likely that the
landed proprietors of Brazil have been obliged to mort-
gage their estates (as our West India merchants have
been compelled to do) in order to procure labourers
—consequently cannot be under the controul nor in-
fluence of slave-dealers—still less likely is it that the
Government of Brazil should be truckling to them,
at the same time that they are taking every practica-
ble measure, without submitting to foreign dictation
or interference, for putting down the traffic, of which
they have always expressed the greatest abhorrence.
How should we have felt, if, duriog the continuance
of our slave trade, any other country or countries
had prohibited our sugars, and threatened our seamen
employed in it with being treated by them as pirates,
and hung up to the yard-arm ? How should we feel if
the representatives of our sovereign at foreign courts
had been stigmatized as the abettors and encouragers
of that traffic ?

If we have ene law for the rich and another for the
poor amongst ourselves, that is no reason why we
should have one law for the weak and another for
the strong, in respect to foreign countries. Justice
demands that we should treat them all alike ; or, if
we made any distinction, it should be in favour of such
as are our best customers, and who act most honour-
ably in their pecuniary engagements with us.
Brazil now stands in the same position with re-
spect to the right of search as the United States. Our
cruisers have no more right now to board a Brazilian
than an American merchant vessel. Then how is it
to be ascertained that either is engaged in the slave
trade ? And, without ascertaining that point, how
can the vessels of either of those Powers be treated
as pirates ? It must be left to their own Govern-
ments to inflict any punishment or penalties incurred.

SOUTH NOTTINGHAMSHIRE RE-
GIMENT OF YEOMANRY CAVALRY.
DESERTION OF SEVENTY TROOP HORSES.—The
South Nottinghamshire Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry,
consisting of four troops, the Wollaton, Holme, Bing-
ham, and Watnall, under the command of Colonel Moore,
assembled in this town, for eight days' permanent duty,
proceeded on Wednesday morning last, as usual, to their
training ground, on Bulwell Forest, a distance of four
miles from the town, where they went through the move-
ments of the day, and at three o'clock in the after-
noon dismounted. As the regiment had to he reviewed
and disbanded on the following day, this hour had b-en
fixed upon for awarding the prizes offered to the best
horses in the three troops (Watnall, Holme, and Bing-
ham), and the horses entered as competitors were or-
dered in the rear. The sums proposed to be given were
10/. for the best horse in each troop, and 5!. for the
second. George Robinson, Esq., formerly Major in the
regiment, who had been requested to officiate as judge,
attended by Colonel Moore and the officers, commenced
the inspection, and the whole of the men, feeling anxious
to witness the exhibition, formed into a circle, leaving
their own horses standing in a line in front, unguarded.
On previous days, a large number of boys from the vil-
lages of Basford and Bulwell had offered their services
to hold the horses when the men dismounted, with a
view of having a small douceur, but being disappointed
in their expectations, had declined on this day to afford
their aid.; but this circumstance was not at all re-
gretted, as considerable mischief had been committed
by these urchins while in the charge of the horses for
a few minutes. Leasing the troop horses untended,
however, occasioned a serious and unexpected disaster.
While the whole were busily engaged in the rear, and
the prize horses were being trotted round, the mettle of
the troop horses became roused, and in an instant up-
wards of seventy set off at full gallop across the'Forest,
leaving their riders behind, and accidentally forming
themselves into three separate bodies, away they went on
the high road towards Nottingham, scampering along as
hard as they could go. On reaching the turn leading
into the village of Basford, three bodies went in
that direction, and it fourth continued along the
road to Carrington. A largo number of little chil-
dren, from four to ten years old, had assembled
at Dobb Park•gate, waiting for the return of the
cavalry, but fortunately at this particular juncture,
Mr. Charlton, of the Pear Tree Inn, Basford, and another
person, happened to go that way, and hearing the sound
of a bugle, the loud clanking of the scabbards of swords,
and the heavy tread and swift approach of horses, and
seeing no riders upon them, Mr. C. began to pitch the
children, like hay into a loft, one after another, over a
gate, into Dobb-park, till they became a heap of
upwards oT twenty ; the remainder he rolled into a
ditch. His companion took off his hat, boldly placed
himself in the road, and extending both arms. with his
hat in his right hand, endeavoured t) stop the horses ;
the leader, however, pounced upon him, knocked
him down; and passed on, followed by a troop of
about twenty more, all of which jumped over him,
and left him unhurt, except a slight bruise on his right
thigh. He sprurey up before the arrival of the second
troop, and dashed out of their way. The whole line of
road in the village instantly became alarmed, men
turned out of their houses, calling out " stop the horses,"
women shrieked, and children ran screaming and cry-
ing to get out of danger. The horses, on reaching the
middle of the village, suddenly took a turn up
David. lane, to the consternation and dismay of the
villagers, as it had happened that only a few mi-
nutes before, a number of young men, for a holiday
freak, had gone that way, carrying brooms, besoms,
and banners, rattling upon tin pans, and making various
noises, accompanied with a large number of children.
This company stood outside the Horse and Jockey
public house, kept by Mr. Flint, drinking ale, and
when they saw the approaching horses, a general
shout and the utmost confusion ensued. The men
placed themselves in a position to stop the animals, and
the women and children ran into the house and other
places for safety as they could, but unfortunately many
were unable to get out of the way. Fifteen horses
resolutely made their way through the crowd, pros-
trating all before them, but at length four or five were
brought to a stand, and those in the rear coming up pell
mell, fell in succession, till upwards of a score lay in a
heap upon the ground together. The second troop,
finding the road obstructed, instantly faced to the right
about, and oil' they went, some in one direction and
some in another, and had the village been beseiged by a
foreign army, greater consternation could not have pre-
vailed. Eight of the horses went directly to the toll-
bar on the Mansfield-road, within the precincts of the
town of Nottingham, where they were stopped, and
others took across the forest. The scene on the
training-ground was indeed of a novel description,
and will not soon be forgotten by those who wit-
nessed it. Officers and men joined in pursuit, some
riding and others running and panting, in the vain
hope of coming up with the deserters, but ere the horse-
men could get in sight of the fleeting steeds, the mis•
chief had been accomplished. At Dobb Park, only one
child was injured, but at Basford, three children,
Catherine Elliott, six years old, Wm. Flinders, three
years and a half old, and George Smith, aged 13, were
carried to their respective homes, their heads and other
parts of their bodies being covered with blood, having
been kicked or trampled upon by the horses; these in-
juries, though very serious, are considered not to be fatal.
It is impossible to ascertain how many others were
slightly Injured and bruised, the number being very
great. Mr. Morley and Mr. Ratcliffe, surgeons, were
very busy dressing the wounded when the surgeons of
the regiment, Mr. Watts and Mr. Wright, arrived; the
latter instantly afforded their aid, and visited every case.
Several of the horses were not found till the next morn-

MUSIC.
GRACE AFTER MEAT.
This has been composed in imitation of the old
English psalmody, as an occasional substitute for
" Non Nobis Domine," by T. Williams, author of the
original " Not a drum was heard," &c. The words are
few, and intelligible to all, which cannot be said of the
Latin grace, and the music is very appropriate.

THE COCK INN.
W 2 itten, adapted, and composed by T. Bishop.
The " Cock Inn," was a favourite song of T. Phillips,
Laid to be the last of the Incledon school, and though the
words are neither very sentimental nor refined, the air,
which is spirited, makes up for the deficiency, and when
sung even with ordinary taste and execution, produces
a good eff2ct.

LITERATURE.
FINDEN'S BEAUTIES OF THE POETS.
Part 1.
This is a most delightful publication. It is not
" music married to immortal verse," but immortal
verse married to equally immortal art. It is the first
number of a series of beautiful engravings, from the
burin of Finden, illustrative of the beauties of the
British Poets, and Moore is chosen as the first poet
for illustration. A happy choice ; for Moore is al-
most the last of the band of immortals who is yet
left to us. As a title, we have a beautiful and valu-
able portrait of the poet—valuable not only as a work
of art, but as a most characteristic and spirited portrait.
We have then a beautiful illustration of the song,
" Black and Blue Eyes," the characteristic expression
of the

"Brilliant black eye,
Which in triumph lets fly
Its darts without caring who heeds them;"
contrasted with

" The soft eye of blue,
Which scatters wounds-too;
But is much better pleased when it heals them,"
is admirably presented. The illustration is accom-
panied by a critique on the song in which the writer
almost appears willing to j,4n issue with the poet. We,
however, like good Catholics, eschew all such heresies,
and steadily adhere to the good Catholic creed of the
good Cath„lic poet. St. Jerome's Love is the subject
of the next illustration, .rid the artist, 11. O'Neil, has
been thoroughly imbued by the spirit of the poet. It
is a study for a Magdalen. The next. illustration is
Young Kitty, the heroine of the song of " 111
Omens "--

As she looked in the glass, which a woman ne'er misses,
Nor ev,r wants tune for a sly glance or two,
A butterfly fresh from the night-flower's kisses,
Flew over the mirror and shaded her v'ew.
Enraged with the insect for hiding her graces,
She bi-ushed him—he fell, alas! never to rise;
Ah, such, said the girl, is the pride of our faces,
In which the soul's innocence too often dies.
The artist, J. Wright, has made a most beautiful
picture of this. The butterfly lies dead on the table,
and the girl's features have a mingled expression of
coquetry and sorrow, which is beautifully executed.
The last illustration, " Laughing Eyes," by Frith,
is most characteristic. There is something perfectly
bewitching about the lovely girl, to whose laughing
eyes the poet calls upon us to drink a round. This
is " the illustrated book" of the season, and no draw-
ing-room or boudoir can be considered altogether
comnte it faut, on the table of which " Finden's
Bet.uties of the Poets" is not to be found.

AMERICAN FACTS. By George Palmer Putnam.
This is a very valuable work on the statistics of
America, replete with facts, which at the present
time, especially, are of very general interest. It
is in fact a resume of the social, financial, political,
military, and naval condition of the several republics
constituting the United States. The compiler
exhibits great industry and research, and defends his
countrymen stoutly against the accusations brought
against them. With regard to the existence of
slavery in the States, we believe it is admitted on all
hands, that that is rather their misfortune than their
fault. England certainly is guilty of having intro-
duced negro slavery into North America. For "repu-
diation," however, the North Americans are solely
responsible—on the principle of audi alteram partem,
we give the author's explanation :
" The stain of repudiation, which so lamentably ob-
scures the fair fame of one of the States, so far as a part
of her debt is concerned ; and the embarrassments and
temporary delinquency of six or seven of the other
States, are greatly to be deplored. A full and fair ac-
count of the causes of and reasons fur all this would
she w the injustice of much that is said and written on
the subject. Not a syllable should be suggested even
in palliation of intentional fraud : and no one will deny
that some States have too long abused the confidence of
their creditors ; or, at least, have not exerted their
energies as they were bound to do, by a just sense of
honour and public faith, to meet their engagements.
But those who are most bitter upon this subject, are not,
or should not be, ignorant of these facts ; viz. 1. That
the 5,000,000 dollars' stock disowned by Mississippi, was
disowned because it was wrongfully negotiated, and ap-
propriated against the laws, and not for the benefit of
the State. 2d. That in other States, the public works
for which loans were obtained, could not yield
a revenue until they were completed ; and that
the means of these States were thus suddenly
crippled by the course of foreign stockholders and the
Bank of England, in unexpectedly refusing, at the time
of the great commercial disasters, the c..ntinuance of the
supplies which had before been temptingly offered, and
which were rez•veasary to the compl.•tion of the works,
and for rendering them rapable of paying the interest as
due. 3d. That twenty out of then twenty-nine States and
territories, equal in extent to the whole of Europe, save
Russia, either have no debt at all, or have honourably
and promptly fulfilled all their pecuniary engagements,
to the extent of several millions annually.
" These considerations, in ccnnexion with the fact
that a large part of the deferred debts are due at home,
to Americans themselves ; that American journals of all
grades have urgently protested against the present state
of things, and most of t he State legislatures have pointedly
condemned even the very excuses of the delinquents ;
that the natural resources of the State, when sufficiently •
developed, are ample for ten times the amount of their
liabities ; and, moreover, that the constitutions of the
States, and the nature of the federal system, preclude all
control of one State over another, and render each one
alone responsible for its local pecuniary affairs, in just
the same way as the civic expenses of the —nglish city
would belong to its municipal government, and ❑ot to
the Queen and Parliament: all these points should have
some consideration, before it becomes necessary in Eng-
land to stereotype American' and a swindler' as
synonymous terms."

ing. as they had made their way to different towns and
villages in the county. Captain George Rawson (clerk
to the justices of the town of Nottingham) mado vigi-
lant inquiries, ord,ring everything necessary to be done
for those who had been injured.—Nottingham Review.

Some of our contemporaries copied during the
week a paragraph from a country paper, stating posi-
tively that Earl St. Germans (late Secretary for Ireland)
had been appointed Ambassador to the Court of Russia,
at the special request of the Duke of Wellington, in the
place of Lord Stuart de Rothsay, who had just resigned.
There were other statements in the paragraph which it
is not necessary to notice. The fact, however, is, that
Lord Stuart de Rothsay resigned so far back as the be-
ginning of last year his embassy to St. Petersburgh on
account of his health, when Mr. Bloomfield was ap-
pointed to succeed him as Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary, which (-Ace he now holds.
The statement of Earl St. Germans' nomination is, con-
sequently, without the slightest foundation.
A thousand years hence antiquarians will derive
the vulgar saying, "Please the pigs," from the corn-
laws. In Australia and the United States pigs are fat-
tened on corn, because men are not allowed to eat it in
England. The bread Ns hich a poor wretch wants in this
favoured country, a pig is devouring in the grain in Van
Dieman's Land. If the corn-laws, then, are preserved
for no other end, it cannot be denied that they serve to
please the pigs of Australia and America. In the Free-
Trade Bazaar an Australian pig, well fatted on wheat,
should be exhibited in juxtaposition with a Dorsetshire
labourer, in exemplification of the blessed working of
the protective system, which gives the beast what it re-
fuses the man. Certainly our law makers have a secret
sympathy with the pigs.
BRISTOL gUGAR MARKET, MAT 17.—Very little
business has been done in our sugar market this week, owing
to the Whitsuntide holidays; the offices having, as usual,
been closed for a short period. The sales since our last are
about 150 hhds. West India, and 900 mats Mauritius, at the
quotations. Refined goods in demand, without any adequate
supply.—Bristol Mercury.
We hear that Sir R. Peel has purchased the 'estate
of Closebunt, in Dumfriesshire, for the sum of 230,000/.---
Glasgow Cburier.

:There appears to be some misapprehension as to
the precise character in which Mr. Ashbel Smith has re-
turned from Texas to this country. The facts are, we be-
lieve, simply these :—Mr. Smith was, it may be recollected,
up to a very few months ago, Chargé d'Affaires of Texas,
both in London and Paris. After an absence of some years
from Texas he solicited his recal. His request being granted,
he left England. He was replaced in the Texian mission to
Europe by General Terrell, late Attorney-General of Texas.
This appointment was made by President Jones, when the
Congress of Texas was not in session, and on its assembling
did not receive the approval of the Senate, and consequently
became void. President Jones has, therefore, re •appointed
Mr. Ashbel Smith, and that gentleman, consequently, as-
sumes the ordinary diplomatic functions of the mission, and
has not arrived in any special character.
THE M.P.'s AND THE LAWYERS..—The Members of
Parliament appointed to serve on Railway Committees are
complaining bitterly of the severe treatment they are com-
pelled to undergo at the hands of the lawyers employed as
Counsel. Poor Mr. Escott had actually given way under
the dreadful burden of listening to the barristers' speeches,
and several of the M.P.'s are fast sinking under the dire in-
fliction. We would propose that standing orders may be
framed to regulate the conduct of standing Counsel. Among
other things it might be Arranged that the lawyers should
meet alone to deliver their speeches two hours before the
regular time for the Committee to sit, so that the speeches
could always be concluded and got rid of before proceeding
to the business, which they usually have not the smallest
connexion with. The proposition for making the Irish Mem-
bers come over to take a part in the fatigue of hearing the
lawyers talk is exceedingly just, and ought at once to be
acted on. A$ to stopping Counsel when they once begin,
we see no chance of that; but if both sides were allowed to
deliver their speeches at once, time would be saved, and the
result would be equally useful. We hope that what M.P.'s
are now suffering will teach them to shorten their own
speeches, iu mercy to those who have to listen to them.—
Punch.

IMPERIAL BRAZILIAN MINING COMPINY.
On Friday, the annual general meeting of the proprietors of
this Company was held at the LondneTavern—Mr. Thomas
Gibson in the chair. The report stated that the six months
ending with the year 1845 had been, as ri,garded produce,
the least successful since the working of the Gongo Soco
mine was commenced by the association, the quantity of gold
obtained being only 1621115. This small produce had, in
some degree, been occasioned by the extreme drought, which
had prevailed considerably longer than usual, and had caused
a serious deficiency of water for the use of the stamping
machines and other mining purposes. The Catta Prete mine
had been successfully worked. The statement of receipts
and expenditure give a balance in favour of the Society.
The report was adopted. Sir Isaac Lyon Goldsmid, Mr.
Thomas Gibson, and Mr. Ray, having retired by rotation
from the Court of Directors, were unanimously re-elected.
CHILDREN SUFFOCATED.—On Thursday evening
Mr. Baker held two inquests at the Bridport Arms,-Bridport-
terrace, Hoxton, on the bodies of infants, whose death had
been caused by suffocation. The first case was that of the
female child of George Pickering, of 45, Dorset-street, jewel-
ler. It appeared by the evidence that deCeased was five
weeks old. On Monday night it was taken to bed as usual
by its parents, and at five o'clock on the following morning
Was discovered quite dead. Mr. Coward, surgeon, said ho
was called to deceased ; from appearances he attributed death
to suffocation, from being accidentally covered by the bed-
clothes. The second ea 4 was that of the male child of Wm.
Hale, of 5, Edmund-street, Philip-street, Hoxton, aged four.
weeks, who came by his death under precisely similar cir-
cumstances. Verdict in each ease, Found
from auffooatip. eadf aPPireatly

The drab-coloured men of Pennsylvania are, it would
appear, the only honest men in the States.

" Pennsylvania, since February 1842, has not paid
any dividends, at least not to any who did not come
under the denomination of small holders ; but never
was satire more misplaced, or ignorance more com-
pletely shewn, than when the drab-coloured men of
Pennsylvannia' were held up to public odium ; for the
fact stands forth, simply thus : the drab-coloured men'
are almost enjlrely limited to Philadelphia, and the
city of Philadelphia never for an instant defaulted : its
five per cent. stock, even during the worst times, never
fell below ninety-eight in America. The really
blameable parties are the agricultural German settlers,
who possess a majority in some of the-countries ; many
of them cannot either read or write in any language :
almost all are unable to understand the English lan-
guage, and place a ban upon any descendant who should
so far forget the manners of his forefathers as to make
any attempt to assimilate himself, by his acquirements,
to those people among whom he dwells. At present
there are are nearly as many German newspapers pub-
lished in Pennsylvania as English ones :—now, however,
that the Germans have been made to understand that
deep dishonour has fallen upon their State, and that
Faderland sees with sorrow the contempt into which
they have fallen, they have readily come forward
with their hard dollars, and contributed to remove the
stigma."

The author, however, gives up the State of Mis-
sissippi and characterises its conduct in the following

terms

" The only State in the Union against which the scorn
of civilisation can be justly directed, on the ground of
entertaining the doctrine of repudiation, is Mississippi.
This State is rich in resources, and cannot plead poverty;
but even here a few words might be urged in mitigation.
By the last accounts of voters there, we find that the
number of persons in that State who were for payment
of the bonds were 18,665 and against payindlthem,
21,036 ; and there can be no question but that the
minority contains the wealth, the talent, and the respact-
ability of the State ; but, unfortunately, they are out-
voted by those who are neither the taxpayers, nor have
Any deep interest in the commonwealth."

By J

COMMERCIAL STATISTICS, 6-c. 6,c.
Macgregor. 3 Vots. London, 184 p.
[SECOND NOTICE.]
In the last of his three introductory sections,_ namely,
that on " Taxes upon Consumption," Mr. Macgregor
arrives at some pithy conclusions, which we recommend
with all the full weight of his authority to the consider-
Mien of those who advocate protection to the agricul-
tural, colonial, shipping, or any other class interest.
" In accordance, therefore, with the foregoing principles,
that country which possesses average advantages ,from
nature, and whose population possesses the greatest
industry, ingenuity, and intelligence, will, if tinf'ettered
from l?gislative restriction, become, in proportion to '
extent., resources, and advantages, the most flourishinl
cquntry in the world ; or, at least as prosperous
li
other country with equal advantages. andlegislatingas any
upon equally liberal . principlt-s. We believe that the
United Kingdom possesses all the requisite ad vantages
to become that which ni thong but false legislation prevents,
viz.—far more independent, rich,o prosperous, and power-
ful—and with the
more wh
flier l ycip paidpu a population
their f a r less
labour, poor,
better far
better employed,
sahtetlhteerepdre,
present time
tainmde
fed,
o f anyn moret
he r cooomunfotrrytaibnleththeawnotrhladt.
gangrianedulotoulroen,iathl et
manufactures,radeanoredeenetpo
Tfohreei
Kingdom might, in their' th
twtheer
osbhfeitphp?inug,nitthede
only in their infancy, insteadp of bseiange,
consideredviewe as
haying, before now, attained manhood—gif those sounasd
principles of fiscal and commercial legislation which we
have attempted to elucidate, but which are not new, were
boldly taken up in order to be carried out by the Im-
perial Parliament."—Voll p. 9.
In a work so well arranged as this is, we do not know
that we can do better when proposing. to put our readers
0 possejoion of MN moral ideo of its
.00ntogtoilbsa
.. •

follow the arrangement which we find already prepared
to our hands. We therefore commence with the power-
ful empire of AUSTRIA, occupying more than 11,631
German, or 258,000 English, square miles of the surface
of Europe, and exceeding, therefore, the areas respec-
tively, of France by 45,000 square miles; of the United
Kingdom by 138,000 ditto, and of all the Prussian States
by 141,000 ditto. Now this vast area yields, or is
capable of growing, for the Austrian nation, the products
of varied and extensive regions ; namely, corn, rice,
wine, oil, honey, wood, silk, hemp, flax, tobacco, madder;
all useful vegetables and delicious fruits. Also, iron,
coal, salt, and all other minerals in abundance ; and
cattle, swine, horses, and sheep. The Danube and its
other great rivers extend its inland navigation to almost
every part of the empire, with many seaports on the
Adriatic. Her States adjoin each other, her population
is generally industrious and orderly, and she is certainly
capable of becoming one of the richest and most potent
empires of the world. The " States" of which the
empire is composed are Austria (Proper), Upper and
Lower Styria, Corinthia and Carniola, the Illyrean
Coast, the Tyrol, Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, Gallic-is,
Dalmatia. And besides these her dominions extend
over Lombardy and Venice, Hungary and Transylvania.
Of these, together with her military frontier, the total
population is 37,550,000 souls. There are 3.177 per
Austrian square mile. Nobility are a very abundant
class in Hungary. In 1837 there were not less than
259,648 privileged noblemen, or one for every twenty
bergers and serfs. But this number has since consider-
ably increased. In Transylvania there is 1 noble for
23 not noble. In Galicia, 1 noble for 68 not noble. In
Moravia and Silesia, 1 noble for 855 not noble.
In Lower Austria, 1 noble for 152 not noble ;
in Upper Austria, 1 noble for 353 ; and Lombardy,
1 for 342. In Venice, 1 far 280. Of wines, the
total average production in Austria is 3,200,000,000
English imperial gallons. Hungary, Dalmatia, and Bo-
hemia abound with oak, pine, firs, and other durable
timber. In Veneto-Lombardy there are annually grown
700,000, and in Pemeser 10,000 metzen of rice. Bohemia
alone raises 20,000centners of linseed for sowing. South
Hungary, Moravia, and Lombardy are the countries for
the millet crop. Flax is very largely cultivated in Upper
and Lower Austria, Moravia, Bohemia, and Northern
Hungary ; hemp, of the best quality, in Hungary and
Transylvania. Hops are extensively produced in Bo-
hemia, Upper Austria, Moravia, Galicia, and North-
ern Hungary. T.,bace ) in Hungary and Tran-
sylvania : in the former, klene, 250,000 to
300,000 centners annually, of which about 150.000
for home consumption, the remainder for export. Rape
and other o:1 seeds, mustard, sumach, madder, saffron,
are largely raised, and ripen excellently. The same
may be said of such fruits as apples, pears, m,'lonq,
grapes, walnuts, ehesnnts, and other nuts. It was cal-
culated that, in 1837, the number of live swine in Aus-
tria was 5,500.000, of which number there were in Hun-
gary and Transylvania, and the military frontier,
2,300,000 wild boars. Deer and goats abound in
many districts—mere than 700,000 goats were enume-
rated—and in the forests and the rivers game and fish
are most abundant. In the whole empire there are every
year produced very large quantities of raw silk—in the
southern parts of the Tyrol about 320.0001b5. ; in South
Hungary, Istria, and the military frontiers, 45,2001b5. ;
in the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, an average of
4,687,7001b5.

Under the head of Trade and Manufactures, Mr.
Macgregor enumerates the followinz :—The woollen
manufactures, established chiefly in Bohemia, Moravia,
and Upper Austria ; coarse woollens manufactured in
most of the provinces ; cotton in Bohemia and Vienna ;
shawls and merinos in Lower Austria ; linens in all the
provinces ; metals and glass in Bohemia, Lower Austria,
&c. The following manufacturers were licensed (Hun-
gary, &c., included) in 1839 ;—manufacturers, 13,649 ;
bankers, 211 ; wholesale merchants, 1,350 ; retail
dealers and shopkeepers, 27,290 ; various trades,
707,300 ; other licensed occupations, 72,760 ; total,
822,560. Apprentices and servants licensed under the
foregoing trades, &c , amounted to 556,100. The capi-
tal employed was valued at 206,000,000 florins, and the
licence •tax (gewerbe struer) amounted to nearly 2,650,000
florins. The income and expenditure of Austria for
1837, were as follows:—Heads of revenue, under in-
come-1. Direct taxes, (48,000,000 florins)-2. Indirect
ditto, including customs, excise, tobacco, and salt mono-
polies, (81,000,000 florins) ; Crown estates, monastery
lands, mines, &c., (4,750,000 florins) • miscellaneous
branches, (14,500,000 florins) ; extraordinary receipts,
(6,250,000 florins )
Total
The heads of charge, under expenditure,
amounted to..

17,300,000

Excess of expenditure in 1537 ... £1,850,000

These heads of charge were—Public Debt (67,000,000
florins), Civil List (5,500,000), Foreign Department
(1,580,000), Salaries and Expenses of the Government
Administrations (23,000,000), . Department of War
(50,000,000), Education and Endowed Institutions
(3,900,000), Police (9,000,000), Contingent expenses
(2,750,000). Total-173,000,000 of florin P, or 17,000,000/.
sterling. Since 1837 this revenue is understood to have
so far increased as nearly to balance the expenditure, in-
eluding any increased interest on floating or other debt. In
1837 there were in all the Austrian States 268 high schools,
16,446 local or elementary schools, and 308 national
normal ditto. Out of a population of 20.009,000 it was
found that 1,562.546 children, or about 1 in 13. were ac-
tually trained at the elementary and high schools. In
the high and classical branches of education there were,
exclusive of Hungary, eight universities, with 10,200
students ; five lyceums, with 1,108 students ; 130
gymnasia, with 29,558 students. " If," says Mr.
Macgregor (p. 12), "we take Austria, Bohemia, the
Tyrol, Moravia and Styria, elementary instruction is
upon as extensive, and, we can speak from personal
knowledge, generally, upon as liberal a foundation as in
any other country of Europe." Mr. Macgregor has
reason, therefore, to remark, on the commencement of
this part of his statistical survey, that " Education,
at (cast elementary education, far from being neglected,
as has generally been asserted respecting Austria, is
generally provided, and even enforced."
The population is classed thus as to rel4ions ;—Ro-
man Catholics, 25,704,000 ; Greek Church, 6,519,000;
Lutherans, 1,276,000; Calvinists, 2,261,000; Unitarians,
45,000; Jews, 667,000; Military, 465,000. We regret
to find that Hungary, with the most generally fertile
soil in Europe, is least In poportion cultivated,
has the worst roads, is therefore subject to the
heaviest expenses in transporting its produce,
and is most opposed to education and all other
social incroachments, which would impose any thing like
assessments or direct taxation on the Hungarian nobles
for the payment of the charges incidental to such
ameliorations. Mr. Macgregor does ample justice to
Prince Metternich's earnes;, and sustained exertions to
establish amended fiscal, commercial and other insti-
tutions in the empire, despite of the enormous op-
position with which that great ministsr's proposals are
encountered by numb, rless functionaries " in the count-
less bureaux" of the empire, who are interested in the
keeping up of old errors and antiquated abuses.

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.
We understand it is the intention of Government, in
conjunction with the Chester and Holyhead Railway
Company, to have the electric telegraph established on
that important line, reaching from London to Holyhead,
a distance of between 200 and 300 miles, and embracing
in its route the commercial capitals of Liverpool, Man-
chester, and Birmingham. The adoption of this inven-
tion on a scale of magnitude bids fair to effect a change
in the entire correspondence of the country, by bringing,
as it were, momentarily into close consolidation
and communion the exchanges of London, Liver-
pool, Manchester, and Birmingham, conveying with
emeyarflt,ucwtiutahtimonarvoefllaoffuaairesx,aacntid.
lightning-like velociatyrt
to
telegraphing from in every
tude. and oter areas of hundreds of miles, intelligence
that may be received and reciprocated almost simulta-
neously by every mercantile community in the king-
dom. Great advantages have already been developed
to the Admiralty and the commercial world, by its
adoption between London and Gosport. The old sema-
phore system is now nearly superseded, and important
Government orders and intelligence, that formerly oc-
cupied hours in transmitting by the ordinary sema-
phores between London and Portsmouth, are now for-
warded and fulfilled in a few seconds, the communicating
wires, which will shortly be carried from Nine Elms
to the Admiralty, at Whitehall, terminating in the
very barracks of the garrison at Gosport. The
establishment of telegraphic communication between
Liverpool and Holyhead, Lloyd's and London, will gise
every facility for shipping purposes ; and in this respect
the invention has worked most efficiently between Lon-
don and Southampton, where, as at Gosport, there is a
telegraph station, telegraphic notices being daily die.
..patched, on the arrival of important mails and merchant-
men. The advantages, moreover, that may accrue from a
line of wires to Holyhead, in establishing a closer con-
nexion between the metropolis and the sister isle, is of a
nature not to be overlooked, either in a political or social
point of view. Lines of telegraph, we understand, have
been.or are about being adopted on the following, amongst
other, lines:—On theSouth-Western, as a Government
telegraph for the Admiralty to Portsmouth. 90 miles; on
the same line, as a commercial telegraph, from Nine Elms
to Southampton, 77 miles, with branch to Gosport, 21
miles ; on the South Devon atmospheric line, nsw in
disTionrgwtoienh,t2oo
mSloughles; ,
olns
o; v
eorn
itnhee,
fYr
oaLmTo u t hb
.an d
prcgress, 52 miles ; on the Great Western, from Pad-
, miles
on rid ge
to Maidstone, 15 miles ; on the Croydon atmospheric,
on the Blackwell, on part of the Manchester and Leeds,
and its branch to Oldham ; on part of the Edinburgh
and Glasgow ; upon the l)alkey atmospheric branch of
Dublin and Kingstown, applicable alike to the convey-
ance of commercial intelligence knd to the safe conduct
and working of the line. The above embraces an extent
of nearly 250 miles, over which the telegraphic prin-
ciple is already in operation ; and its adoption between
London, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and Holy.
head will add about 300 miles more.

•
SCOTTISH EPISCOPAL CHURCH.—At a late meeting
of the Diocesan Synod of Edinburgh, on the motion of
the Rev. John W. Ferguson; Minister of St. Peter's
Chapel, Edinburgh, a resolution to the following effect
was adopted :—That the Synod deeply deploring the
recent defections from the Church, appoint a com-
mittee to inquire into their causes, with the view- of
restoring to the communion of the Church those who 'I
have left it ; and, if possible, to suggest a remedy for
preventing further defections, and at the same time
to preserve due regard to the discipline of the Church.
—Scotsman.
On Tuesday, the 22d of April, the Blackmors
Vale harriprs found a roe buck in Houghton Wood, and
killed him in one hour and thirty-five minutes, and on taking
him up he was found to possess only a single horn growing
out of the centre of his forehead. A more curious specimen
of malformation was never seen, and some experienced game-
keeperslases nature of the kind ever known in the history of the
rocbgc.k.—Sherborne Journal.
present declared that this was the only
who were