The Sun.
London, England, 1817-07-30 00:00:00

tOW-STREET,

In the extraordinary case, Mild% lte stated
yest,r,hty, of. joints Lake, %Ili() robbed his (Own
brother of 4501., he now confesses, that in two
lours after he had comniitted the ofronce he re-
pented of what he had done, and of haviog robbed
the I)rt of brothers.—,.Mr. and Mrs. k-etiy, ee!:0
appear so conspicuously in the advent uresof ;Le
pristinerj have !wen married but a short time, and
against the consent of the Lady`s fatmly and
friend's; shels only about 18 years old, but highly
accomplished. vVas committed to th
liowt of Correction At his own request,

pitl-eRs I blare wiiven on the ,nnic

MR. OWEN'S PLAN.

attbiset.
Whatever merit can be rine t.O an individual for
the original discovery of a plan, that in its conse-
tContiamed from our Second Page.]
quences is calculated to effect mot e substantial and
Q. But Will not these establishments tend to -permanent benefit to mankind, titan any ever yet
increase population beyond the means of subsis- perhaps contemplatU by the human mind, it all
tense. too rapidly for the well-being of society ? belongs exclusively to John Bellers.
1 have no apprehettsion whatever on this Q. Is it .then your decided opinion, that land,
ground,: every agriculturist knows.that each la- labour, and capital, Inas be employed under a new
bottler row employed in agriculture -can !traduce combination, so as to 'produce mote valuable re-
-five or six times more food than he can cat ; and stilts to all parties than they do at preSent ?—A.
therefore, even if no other facilities were given If I have derived any distinct !soot:ledge by my
to him than ire now possesses,. there is no antes- long experience and extensive practice, I am en-
-sky in nature for '' population to press against abled to- say, with a confidence that ...fears no re-
subststente," until the earth is fully cultivated. (*oration, that any given quantity of land, labour,
There can be no doubt it is the artificial law of and capital, may be so combined as to sUppolt,
supply and demand, arising front the principles of at least•, four 'Ames the present number of human
individual gain in opposition to the general well- beings, and in tenfold comfort, that the sante
being or society, that loss hitherto compelled po•• ma•intairss at present under the existing practices
potation to press upon subsistence. The certain in this country; and, of corpse, that the intrin-
effects of acting on the principle of individual -sic valve of ,land, labour, and capital, may
gain is, ever to limit the supply of tool in an be increased in the same proportion :• that
average season .to a sufficiency, according to the consequently we possess the . most ample
custrints of the times, for the existing inhabitants" means to curry now, without loss of time,
of the earth : conseipiently, in a favourable sea- the prosperity of the country to a point it has not
son, • and in.oroportion as the season may be fa- before attained ; to a height that no country has
voorahle, there will he abundance:of food, and ever yet exverienced. It any parties suppose these
it will be cheap ; and in an unfavourable season, to be mere assertions without sound foundation,
jn proportion as the season may be unfavourable, or to be a visionary scheme derived- frotnthe
food will be scarce and dear, and famines will gions of lattcy, they will be mistalo..n, for they are
, And yet no one who undststands any the result of a-patient and unwearied attention to
thing practically of the subject can for a mumetit discover accurate and practical data, and to try an
doubt that at the period immediately preceding the endless variety of experimettts. to enable tne to
Enos-1 grievous famine ever known, the means ex- draw correct conclusions, and thus bring the the-
isted in ample profusion to have enabled the po- ories of learned men in their closets to the only
pulatiou, under proper arrangements, had they t test of truth. By thus proreeding, I have been
possessed the knowledge to form them, to produce more and more satisfii dot the errors of mere theory,
a stuck ofslood automoing even to au excessive land of the little real value they have hitherto been
soperabitudance. 'Whatever may have been ima- to maukind. I. have no wish, however, that any
gilled lsy iutelligent individuals who have writteu more confi,lence should tee placed in what I say
stud thought upon the subject,the annual increase than to indoce the public to give a fair trial to
of population is really one by one ; we know its !the plan. If I am in error, the loss and incon-
utmost limit—it is oily, it can be only, an at-ith- I venieirce, cOmpared with the object, will be small ;
toetical inusrease ; ,whereas each individual brings !hut if I am right,. the public and the world
will
into rite world. with hint .the means, aided by the be gainers indeed taa,laskotothing for myself; and,
existing knowledge of science, and under proper except good will and the interchange of :-kind and
directions, sufficient to enable him to produce food friendly offices, I.- will not' accept any thing from
equal to more than -tell times his cotottimption.— ! any party„ I merely ask to be permitted to res
The fear then of any evil to arise front aim excess i•lieve the poor and working classes from their pre-
of 'population, until such time as the whole earth, •sent distress-, aunt to render an essential service to•
shall become an Iligh cultivated garden, will, -on I the wealthy, and to all the higher daises. I am,
due and accurate investigation, prove a mere I therefore, desirous that competent persons of bn-
phantom of the imagination, calculated solely to-, siness should be named to investigate all the de-
keep the world in unnecessary ignorance, %ice, ! tails which I have to propose; knowing, as I do,
and crime, and rirevent society from 'becoming from experience, that this is -the only practical
that it ought to be, well trained and instructed, ; measure that can be adopted to enable the public
end under an intelligent system of mutual good- ; to comprehend a subject so extensive and import-
will and kindeess, active, virtuous, and happy : a ant as this will ultimately prove to be.
system which might easily be created, so as to I Q On the supposition that the plan,may he
pervade the whole of society, and extend through ' unexceptionable in all its parts, bow can it be
all its ramifications, - cat ried into execution ?—A. First, by passing an
; c
Act of Parliament to oatioaalize the poor.
Q. By thus altering the general habits and ex-
. peond, by borrowing, from time fro time to time, on
hang arrangements of the lower orders, would it
the too ional security':' sufficient sums to build these
not give an increased value, to manual labour ?
vi ages' and to prepare the land for cultivation,
A. My intention was to combine the means of ;
the Gosernment tioldiag security upon these esta-
eacomplishing Objects which appear to me to he i blishment until both intrust and capital shall he
inevitably. -reqnirsd by the existing state of the
paid : by which metros, the whole process would
country, •aud fro prevent the violent deraugement
ot society, arising from the disit•css and extreme he straight forward' equitable' .411t1 Just, to all
advancing;,the patties; and the country would enable the
decooratitatiott which is hourly tad
,• Government to carry it into execution, without
mast go on till effectual and counteracting' mea-
opposition-from any interested party.
acmes '[tall be adopted. I saw the poor nod work-
ing classes surrounded by circumstances that ne-
cessarily entailed misery on theM and their po•
ste,,a,y; that, if they were allowed to cmiriime
and prtscecti much !auger, they would briber de-
'moralizes and violently subvert, -the whole social
system. To pseveut this catastrophe, it becomes'
ibsolsaseiy iltalispeosable that their habits be
eltangeds.,',ltt: this cannot be clone without altering.
- thee ex-istittg arrangements with regard to them and
to the rising generation. •
PE' dm plan reposed shall be found to be-much,
more complete in all its parts, and
ita i;:s entire combination ohan any hitherto mtg.
ested, and if it can btfimmediately and gradually
Cote:azitscesia without causing the least
,shock to
strict-,, fit" lsretnaturely disturbing existing insti-
ttatious, tlien is the proper time arrived,--then
are the CircUrastances duly prepared for its recep-
ti.uu ; and lI feel a perfect confidence in saying,
that however, through mistaken pris,ate interests,
is idav he attempted to retard it, that it will be
inevitably introduced and firmly established, even
against all opposition. It is, indeed, of that na-
tote, that opposition will but hasten its adoption,
and fix the principles mare generally and deeply
in acid thrtsugh society. The circumstances that
have been fllen,lr, for nearly 20 years past, pre- •
paving for this end, are so far completed as- to
attswet all the
,purposes -intended ; and tlie•fot ore
welfare of mankind in this and also in other coun-
tries, may be considered secure beyond the power
of accident. Combined labour ant) 'expenditure,
far a common object, among the working; classes,
with proper training and instruction for their. off-
spring. and surrounded by the circumstances de-
vised foe the %Aisle, will create and secure the
present safety of society, the present and future
comfort and happineas of tke individuals, and the
ultimate well-being °tall. I may therefore'con-
. ildently believe, that no.combittation of human
-powers can now be formed to 'prevent its perma-
- Pent adoption.
•
After having made this statement. it is necessary
for me to add, that the knowledge I have acquired
on this subject has been forced upon me by a long,
-and extensive experience ; which, . guider similar
circumstances, would have been acquired by the
generality of mankind. None, I believe not one,
o( the principles have the least claim -to origina-
lity; they have been repeatedly advocated and re-
commended by superior minds from the earliest
pet rod •of history. I have no claim even to
priority, in regard to the combinations of. these
priociples. in theory : this belongs: a-s far as I
know., to John Betters, who published them, atad
most ably reconortentied them to be adopted in
•practice, in the, year MG. Without any aid from
• . sternal experietsee, he has most distinctly shown
bow thel ;night be applied to the improvement of
society, according to the facts then known to
exist -; thas.evincing, that his mind had the power
to,cotoemplate is point extended 120 years beyond
ik.;* coteinporaries. His work appeased to be so
vaittahle, that,ni discovering; it, I
Lave had it reprinted, verbiitim, in order to bind

2Gth JULY•

After closing the above on Thursday morning,
the 24th inst. 1 lirtle expected that, before it was
ready for pithlication, t events were to arise
snfficiently important to render a narrative of the
one useful, and an explanation of the other ne-
cessary. Such events,- however, have occurred.
That which is useful is so valuable and interest-
ing that 1 lose not a moment in maki;:g it known.
Fortunately it admits not of a difference of opi
Dion ; it comprises simple matter of fact that may
be seen and investigated by every one who will
devote time to visit the principal prison in this
metropolis. •
Having heard from various quarteri what highly
beneficial effects had been produced by Mrs. Fry,
of St. Mildred's-court, Poultry, among the female
,prisoners in Newgate, I yesterday, by previous
appointment., accompanied that lady, and was ctin-
dneted by. her through all the apartments of the
prison occupied by the unfortunate females of every
description. I shall not easily, if ever, forget the
impressions I -experienced ; they were of a mixed
and very opposite nature. In passing from room
to room we were met-in every instance, there
was not one exception, with kind looks and the
most evident feelings of affection in every pri-
soner towards Mrs. Fry. Not a feature in the coun-
tenance of any, however hardened :hi.), :night
have been on entering the prison, that did not
evince, in stronger expression than language can
define, their love and admiration for
.what she had
clone (or them. With an alacrity and pleasure
that would he commentled in the best trained chil-
dren, in attending to parental requests,-they were
ready and willing to comply with her inisice. It
was evidently a heartfelt consolation to these poor
creatures to know her wishes, that they might
show their gratitude by an immediate compliance
with therm She spoke, in manner and voice, the
language of confidence, kindness, and comniisera-
tioo, to each ; and she was replied to by all in
such accordant feelings as are, and ever will be,
produced in human beings, whenever they shall be
'spoken to and t reated th us rationally.On quitting the
prison,the eyes of all were directed towards heroin-
il she was no longer in their sight. The apartments
anti the persons of the prisoners were clean and
neat; order,regularity,deceney,andalmost cheerful
.content, pervaded the whole of these heretofore
'miserable and degraded wretches ! With thecon-
stant habit for years of reading the Mind in the
Countenance among the lower classes, I could not
'discover, throughunt the Lutnerous spat tments we
visited, one line of teat Ore that denoted any inch-
nation, to resist, in tire slightest degree, Mrs.
Fry's ; bait, 'on the eonteary, the looks
and manner of etch female prisioier strongly in-
dicated a full acquiescence in this new government
.of well directed- ki,edness. only regret I
i.ieard expressed was by those who woe un-
employed, " that they hod no work." All who
had something to oo were far more cheerful
than I had previot.sly supposed human beings
could he in the simation, with. the accommoda-
tion, and under the circumstances bete deicribcd•J

We next pror.eit*kt tollie- • female school, nmi,
unemeiing, evtly.eye, was fixed on their bene-
las tt`ess.- T.ie little girls, childrenß47 the pri-
soners and convicts, looked on her as human crea=
sures might be imagined to look upon beings of
a superior, intelligent, and beneficent nature.
They, were all dial) and neat, and some of their
countenances very interesting. The school was in
excellent order, and appeared to he under good

scription. \Vhrn The weapons used in this war..
hoe ever unfair and illegitimate they may
have been, were directed against the indicidual only,
they were,.disregarded.. I cared, and I do,stilt.
rare, as little fur the individual as any of his op--
pOnents did or eau.. I make him, as they -shalt•
.now be made, an'itistrument to forward measures
for our mutual, 'and the general benefit. He has.
been hitherto so employed,- without regard to his
-unity or self-conSequctice of any kind ; and nn--
til the object shall be effectually secured, he shin'
continue to be so employed.
But as the absurd and ridiculous insinuations,
now set afloat are intended to retard the work I'
have undertaken, they must be met ; and they
have determined the neat step that I shall adopt,
and about which I was delibera ink.

management.' I could not avoid contrasting, the pre-
sent with the former situation of all these poor un-
fortunates. What a change must they have ekperi••
enced ! From filth, badhahits, vice, crime ; from -the
depth of degradation and wretehedneSs—to clean-
liness, good habits, and comparative comfort mid
cheerfulness ! had not experience long
.made
known to me the simplicity and certain effects of
the principks aicb had here been carried into-
practice, I might have been led to inquire, What

It is, that a public meeting shall be held at the
City of London Tavern, on Thursday, the 14th
day of August, to take into consideration a plan to
be proposed to relieve the country from its pre—
sent distress, to te-Moralize the poor, tedUce the'
pours'-rate, and abolish pauperism, and all its in-
jurious consequences. At that meeting 1 invite
those patties, and any others wi,om they can in-
list in their cause, to come forward and make,
every thing they have to say against me publicly
known.. I wish to gratify them to the uttermost..
of their desires ; and as• they may no possess all
the requisites for tie purpose, I will give thens,
the chic by which they may pursue and disctiver
all the errors of my-past hire.
I was horn in Newton it. AlontgomerysLire ;
left it, and came to London when .about ten years'
.of age ; soon after went to Mr. James Ni'Gulfig„'
of Stamford, in Lincolnsliire,:where I:redained
upwards of' three years ; returned to town, and
-was a shot t time with 'Messts. Feint an,,
Londrin-bridge. I - went afterwards to Mancnes-
ter, and Was some time with- Mr -Joint Salters.:
field,- whom I left, while yet a boy, to commence
business on a limited scale, in making machinery
and spinning 'cotton, part of the time in partuer..-
ship with Mr.-Jones, and part on niy.own account;
afterwards I undertook to manage the spinning.
establishments of the late Mr. Drinkwater, of
Mancheiter, at the latter place, and'at Norwiat,
in Cheshire,: in which occupation I remained-three
or tour years. 1 then formed iA pnittiership to
carry on.a cotton-spinning business wilt Messrs.
Monism] and &art') of ,Manchester; built the
Charlton Mills, and connnenced a ne"w'fiCtli under
the designation of tie Cl'artton Twist .Company`,,'
along with Messrs, Boriad..ile .and Atkinson, of
London, and Messrs. It and J. Barton and C 0.,.
of Manchester. Some time aiterwards we Fur..
chased the mills and establislments at New. La.
naik, vrtitrel nave-keen before the public for 13
years past, and I am now 46 years old. • Here is a
due to to whole life for any parties who may
wish to mike use of it , not because the conduct
of the whether it has horn
the ‘roist, tau alter one tittle of the truth or
falsehood of the principles-and pra-tices tor which
1. contend : these stand solely on their own
affld will tikintateiv. resist the shuck of
.ages. Not because lie ha., acted !fetter, or viith
more wisdom than the average of persons at the
' same time of lite, nod under the-same -cireim.
stances; for he has never, in a sfugleinstance,
set any value on 1111413,it, or on any of his actions.
But, because I wi,l) ►l4 a every deiog
be said against. the inditiduat in y rte inged. by-
those who are de irons so to no, in oreerlo.lsave
done with these trifling and insignificatrfT perso-
nalities, and that I may proceed on ,and to ;he
accomplishment of that which is of real' practi-X
utility. Let tnem,„. th-r. Acre. 'it such public:
Meeting; brir.g forward every saying and actioo
of mine that has displeased them; I oniyask that
the attack shall be fair,open,and dire:; it shalltbets
be met, and it shall be overcome. In the 'mean
time I ask no favour ; let them be industrials and
be prepared to secure all the success at svrtkts
they ailm l shall not ask for, or accept any guar.
ter ; my purposes have been long fixed, and my
determination is, not to give any quarter to the
errors and evils of the evsting systems, citit, po-
litical, and religious, until they shall become so
obvious as that their removal shall he desired by
alt parties; even by those who now feel • the
strongest inteicSt in, and inclination to, support
them ! The Rubicon is passed, and the public will
soon experience the beneficial con,:equeneeti.
ROBERT OWEN,

profound statesman had been here ? What large
sums had been expended ? flow many years of ac-
tive and steady perseverance had been necessary
to accomplish this extraordinary' improvement,
which has foiled even the British Government and
legislature to effect doting the centuries-they have
exis-ted ! And what would have been my as►o;tish-

[tent at the simple narrative which was till( me

nut tiais change from the depth of misery to the
state de.srribed was ejected by Mrs. Fry, and a to w
benevolent individuals of the Society of Friends,

in three months, without any increased expence,
and %yid) feelings of high gratification to herself !
We left the female side of the prison, and passed
on to the rooms, and courts, &c. occupied by the
males. %We went first to the boys' court, and

found the school, which was formed at Mrs. Fry's
request, had just been dismissed. The person
acting as master asked if he should muster the
boys, to which she consented, andfit was instantly
done. What a melancholy sight did they offer
a collection of boys and'youths, with scarcely the
appearance of human beings in their counte-
nances.; the most evident sign that the Govern-
ment to which they belong had not performed any
part of its duty towards them. For instance,
there was one boy, only 16 years of age, double
ironed. Here a great crime has been committed,
-and a severe pnuishment is inflicted, which, under
a system of proper training and prevention,would
not have taken placo.
My Lord Sichnouth will forgive me, for he
knows 1 intend no personal offence. His dispo-
sitions are known to be mild and amiable ; hut
the Chief Civil Magistrate of the Country, in such
case, is far more guilty than the boy ; and, in
strict justice, if a4ystein of coercion and punish-
ment be rational and necessary, he ought-rather to
to have been double-ironed, and in the place of
the boy. The Secretary of State for the Home
Department has long had the power, and ought
-to have used it, to give that, and every other boy
in the empire, better habits, and to place them
under circumstances that would train tl.em to be-
come moral. We left these boys and visited the
menwho were yet to he tried, thiise who had

heen tried, and others under sent►•+ice of death.
Every citing on this side of the prison was most
revolting to common sense and human feelings ;
t►nt it serves to exhibit the contrast bet weer the

practice that results, and ever will result, from
acting upon rational and irrationpl principles. 1
wish the Members of Government would now in-
vestigate these ex( taordinary facts. If they were
to inspect them, ivith this benevolent female, L
am ~ure they would learn the principles which
have'kuided her pract ice, mad adopt them in • all
their I,ture measures. -They would then enjoy
only the highest satisfaction.
Itvas aomittvd by the attendant of the prison,
that a few months ago the women were more de-
praved than tie men are now. They were both
pronounced to be,irreelaimable: but the state of
the females has been entirely changed, and that
in the, short space of three months. Notwithstanding
this fact, the men are still pronounced to be irre-
claimable! however, is by no means to
be attached to any of the attendants of the prison,
who appear inclined to do their duty is tar as
they have received instructions.
Let Ministers attend here, and they will dis-
cover that the most- powerful instruments of Go-
vernment have hitherto been dot'lnant in their
hands, and in those of their pred‘cessors. It
they' will study the subject as it deserves to be
studied, and afterwards make a proper use of their
power in legislating on the principle of preven-
tion, undcr the influence of a persevering well di-
rected•kindness, the distress of the country will
be found to vanish; the ignorance, poverty, and
misery of the lower classes to disappear, as though
it were by a miracle ; and they would then look
in vain for disaffection, discontent, or„opposition
to any of their measures. The present period is
of all others the best adapted to introdrice the
change, and every circumstance now imperiously
calls for its commencement.

I would here rivet the attention.of the world
It has been said that there are numerous difficul-
ties in training children to good It obits and tight
iconducf, even previous to their having received
any contrary bias : but here is a prfiof that the
most deep-rooted and long-continued habits of de-
pravity may be easily, and.speedily overcome by a
system of kindness, which, when properly direct-
e4l and persevered in, -no human beings have ever
yet been found long inclined to resist.
This principle, when it shall be well understood
and 'rightly acted upon, will effect more fop the
substantial happiness of mankind thati,7all the
mo-
ral and -religious Systems that have ever yet, at
any period, or in any country, been forced 'upon
the human mind.

Hitherto the world has been tormented by use-
less. talking—by much speaking; all which prayed
to be of no avail. Henceforward acting will ren-
der precepts unnecessary ; and; in future,.systems
for the government of mankind will be estimatcd
and valued' by their effects in practice only!

I must now refer to tliat which is necessary.
Immediately befote, and after the meeting, at he
George and Vulture, I discovered that some secret
einissariei were at work to counteract my pro-
,gress, by insinuations of various kinds, which evi-
dently produced the effect intended on the minds,
of some wlici had previously expressed themselves
fivourable to the plan. -All this was very natural ;
no ordinary individual could attack time errors and
prejudices nt Mankind, as I
have done, without
encountering at etteb.step opprhitiou 01-ever y de-

P. S. A more complete view c►t the plan,
companied by perspective drawings, 'and a full
detail of all its practical atlvantages, will be slim tly
submitted to ti.e public. - ,

. •
COURSE -OF EXL:I-I,INGE, Tuesimy, .1,1m.,,25.
Amsterdam .............. ; 37 .. 6'13. 2'Ul.
Ditto, at Sight ..........
~ ... . 37 0 - •
Anisto dam .......................... ll 10 C. F.
Ditto, at Sight ......
Roark-dam ll 11 2 Us.
Antwerp ............... 11 11 Ei.sl one,
Han burgh .............................. 34 6 2i !Ts.
Attona - • 34 7 21 Us.
Paris, 3 Day's sight..... 24 30
Ditto
Plourde:Aux, ditto
Frankfort on the Alain
Nladral . . ............... , ............. 36 Effective

I.*l Effective

Cadiz ..

. .
Gibraltar .................... ....... 31
Leghorn .............
45/-Venice
....... ..47 -Naples ...... 40,1
Palernip ......... l2O per Oz.,'
Lisbon ................
Oporto ..... 5B
Itio Janeiro ...... 7 ............... ...... 59,
..... 12i• ••• • C"rk..... 12 per Ceot.
Agin of the Bank on Holland. 2
l'ortngal Gold, in Coin 1 .0 0 0 per Oz.
Foreign Gold, in Bars 4 0 0
'hiw DollaN
•;ilver. in Bar, Standard

.0n Thursday last, Lady Barbara Ponsouby, at the Earl of
Bessburuug h's, itothauiptuu, Surrey, a a daughter.

MARRIED.
Yesterday, at St. Geore's,Hanorer-square, Frederic Wm.
Wollaston, Esq. of Sheiiton "Hall, Leicestershire, to Lucy,
only daughter of the late annt sister to the present Sir Henry
Strachey, Bart. of Sutton-court, Somersetshire.

, DIED.
a
yesterday morning, at quarter before 9 o'clock, at his
Jtouse, Higloun Hills, Waltliatustow, .I‘,hn Harman, Esq.
Ott the 27th inst. at HeytesbUry House, in the 70th year of
his age, Sir W. P. A. A'Court.,

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