The Sun.
London, England, 1817-08-30 00:00:00

SOUTH AMERICA.

As this part of the world has now become the
'theatre 'ot War, of which, amidst the conflicting
-accounts of triumphs and defeats, it is impossible
to form any probable conjecture as to the ulti-
mate result, it !mist naturally be an object of
general curiosity. We have, therefore, extracted
the following Article from the ABBI: DI PaAnT's

reCellt Wotk " THECoieoNIES AND THE ritE

sENT, AMERICAN REVOLUTION." VIC high I.epu
tation the well-known • leatijing

pol deal sagacity, aria expericocc, and- the part
which he acted while BUONAPALITg, by the per-
mission of Providence, was suffered to disturb
mankind, reader it wholly unne'ce'ssary for us to
recommend to our readers any woik from so dis-

tinoishvd a character :
" The- first Spanish province in this country is
Carthagena, which stretches 50 leagues along the
coast, and SO into the interior of the country.—
The town so Called was built in 1527; burned by
_Drake in 1555, taken by Pontis in '1692, and in
1741 Admiral Vernon withdrew front before it :
it is well fortified, and well built,. lint very un-
healthy; its,population is above 30,000 souls. St.
Martha and Venezuela are situated iri the neigh-
bourhood ; the name of the last at-rise front the
reset:mblance Which the site of the town beats to
that of Venice. ChArles V. ceded it to certain
A ugsboing Merchants, then the richest in Europe,
who had ht conie
,his creditors. They were the
means of their own expulsion, from their veXa-
tions conduct. This country derives its principal
importance from the cultivation a cacao
the 'Cacao which is known by the name of Cacao
Caraca, because Caracas is the prticipal mart
where it is disposed of ; it is, at this moment, the
e. y focus of :he war against Spain.
after this country comes the kingdom of
New Grenada, formed 'in 1/18 by a dismeoober-
ment front the Viceroyalty of 'Vein. It 'contiiins
64,520 square leagues ; its population amounts to
1,800,000. The conquest is dated from 1526.
The country is very rich in gold wines. • The
province of Quito forms a hart of it ; the Spa-
friArds inhabit no more than the valley of. that
name, which is SU leagues long, antlls broad, •
formed of two branches of the, Cordilleras. It is
one of the most charming placei to live in, and
the finest soil in the who!e world. Q74inquiha, or
Jesuit;' balk, 'is the growth of this province : that.
treeolbieh may be called the friend of Man, the
of which pursue the prihciples of corrtip
tion through all the veins of the body .where they
tan introthrce t4utselvcs. The best grows at

" Peru, that 'opulent. country, the name of
which has becotne synon) 1110 us with riches', was
discovered by Balboa in 1313, attacked by Pizar-
ro and filtnagto in 1514, and conquered by diem
in, 1331, after such , prodigies of boldness, cou-
rage, and pet severance, us wet e sufficient to cover
a part of the horrors with which the 'conquerors
defiled themselves; unheard-of assembh:ge. of
grandeur and of crimes, at one .time above man,
at another below_monsters ! It would he useless•
to retrdce every thing which gave them this-power-
ful empire, the frauds
,which put them in,posscs-.
sion. of the Emperor, and the horrible (Leath .of
that _Sovereign, the distractions w hicinfollowa,
and Abe wars which were lighted up
.between the
conquerors themselves, now become /fnplacable
enemies. Altuagio massacred. by Pizar/o, I'izar,
ro by the sons of Almagro, anti all theft:hick/101;
ling.by mutual blows, as it they were all to 'Vet ye
equally as a rnonutne'nt< of that Justice, whiieli is
constantly awake at all times, and in all latices.
Peru contains 30,000 square leagues; its pOptilit.-,
tion.atnounts -to 1,000,000 inhahitants. It is 'a
very close country, and lottinded by the largest
mountiins in. the world. Chimboraco, which is
the most elevated, is 3,220 toiscs above the level
of the sea. Lima is the capital of Peru, built by
Francis Pizarro, in 1535, on a- fine piece of grountil-
it was destroyed by art earthquake on the 26th of
October, 1746. Lima means the Town of Silver,
a denomination which her riches secure from the

......
reproach of usurpation. Its population amounts
to nearly 100,000 souls. It never rains at Lima ;
and that verdure whicA,the, firmament refuses it,
by an exception altupst singular in the world, is'
kept up bye mist which rises evety da,y, anti
which is the only cause of the fertility which •it
enjoys. kinayaquil, situated to the north of Lima,
reckons 60,000 inhabitants : it is the mart for the
commerce carried on -between the two parts of
Spanish America and the South Sea. Almost all
the Mines' of Peru arc confined to the most moon-,
tairious parts of that country; a circumstance
Avhich makes it a difficult matter, to export them.
Te produce is reduced to a very trifle. We may
easily judge of it from the revenue of thi: coon-.

which does not make a higher .return to
Spain than twenty-four millions of francs, of
which only six millions are sent to the parent state.
" Chili became subject to Spain in 153.5.
Ittasso was the conqueror, who made himself mas-
ter bt it without apposition. It contains 22,596
"lore leAgoes ; the population amoun:s to eight
hundred thousand inhabitants. This country is
the terrestrial paradise of Spanish America, a fine
soil; a ternpera te -the tine and the fruits
there, all kinds of anti_
Europe have succe.eded
Thals have been naturalized in it with great suc-
cess, and the horse 'excels in beauty and quality
thoie-uf Andalusiit, to whom he is indebted for
his joble origin. There ate' in, sotne• parts of
Chili, tit,lit all America,' a certain number of In-
dians vvho,lfae resisted Spanish domination; who
occupy a considerable spice. in the interior of the
country; the
.§Paniiirds dill thi:m Indian bravos..
The island's o,f Chiloe and of Juan Fernandez ate
situated on thrvrestern side of Chili.: the fitst is
fifty leagues loJtg and seven broad ; • the-second,•
still smaller, has been rendered faluous by the re-
cital which..Adukral A 1,1.5011 gives of his stay in that
island : in reading it; one:miglit fancy himself
transported into those abodiiS which the itnagina-
tbns of rortuthee-writert -hare created for their
amusement at so little expense."

PAR4-IAMEN'I'AR.):' PAPERS.

An .Ict fur the Prevention of Persons go'ing armed h Night
for the Destruction of Game; and for repealing an Act,
made in the last Session of Parliament, ..relating to Rogues
wand Vagabonds. [July to, Ist 7.]
Whereas idle and disorderly persons frequently
go armed in the night-time for the purpose of pro-
twins: themselves, and aiding and abetting and
assisting each other in the illegal destruction of
game or rabbits ; and where33.sitch practices are
found by experience to lead to the COMCIIiSSiOn of
felonies and murders : for the more effectual sup-
pression thereof, be it enacted by the King's most
Exesllent Aliijesty, and tt ith the advice and
consent of the Lords Spiritual awl Temporal, and
Commons, in this esent Parliament assembled,
and by Ilse authority of the same, that it any pet:
son or persons, having entered into any forest,
chase, park, wood, plantation,' close, or other
open or inclosed ground, with the intent illegally
to destroy, take, or kill game or rabbits, or with
the intent to aid, abet, and assist any person or
persons ill, golly to destroy, take,,or kill.r,ame, or
rabbits,, shall be found at night, that is to say, be-
tween the hours of six in the evening and seven
iu the morning from the first day of October to
the first day of February, •hetween seven in the
evenhos and five in the mottling from the first day
of February to the first day of April, and lie-
t weein nine in 'the evening and four in the fawning
for the remainder of the year, armed with any
gun, cross-bow, fire-arms, bludgeon, or any
other of en weapon, every such !seism) so of-'
lending, being thereof lawfully convicted, shall
be adjudged guilty of a roisdemeaneir, and shall
be sentenced to transpoitatiOn for seven years, or
shall receive such• other puoishment as may by
law be inflicted oft persoos guilty of misdemea-
nour, and as the Court before which such offen-
ders may be tried anti convicted shall adjudge ;
'anti if any such offender or offenders shall return
into Great Britain before the expiration of the
term for which he or they shall be so transported,
contrary to the intent and meaning beieof, he or
they so returning, and being thereof duly cOns
victed, shall be adjudged guilty of fcloity, and
-shall be sentenced to transportation for the term.
.or terms of his or their natural life or lives.
11. And for the more easy and speedy bringing
the.offendtrs against this act to justice, be it fur-
ther enacted, that it shall and may be lawful t 6
and for the ranger and rangers, and to and for the
owner and owners, occupier and occupiers of any
such forest, chase,POrk; wood, plantation, close,
or Other (Teo Or inclosed-ground, anti also for his,
her, or their keeper mid keepers,'set vont and ser-
vants, and also for any other perSbn or persons, to
seize and appiebenit or to assist in seizing and
apprehending such offender or offenders by virtue
of this Act, and by the autlserity• of. the same to'
convey and deliver such offender or offenders into
the custody of a peace officer, who is hereby au-
thorized ahd directed to Convey such 'offender or
offenders before some one of HS Majesty's Justi-
ces of the Peace for the County or placeos here
such offence shall be allegetd to have been Com-
mitted ; or in case such offender or offenders shall
not be so apprehended, then it shall and may be
lawful for any such justice, on, iutormat ion before
him on the oath of any credible witness
nesses, to issue his warrant for the apprehensiots
of such offender or otiettdet s ; and :if- upon the
apprehension of any such offender or offenders it
shall
.appear to such justice, on the oath of' any
credible witness or witnesses, that the person or
persons so charged bath or have -beet) guilty of
the crime of being loond armed.afaright as afore-
said, it shall nod may be laWful for such justice to
admit sorb person or persons so charged to bail,
nod iii default of bail to commit sods pCrson or
persons7to Ilse county Gaud until the next General
Quarter Sessions of toe Peace, or the next Gene-
ral Commission of Gaol. DeliVerv, to be holden
for the same ecotnty or place, there to be tried
;and dealt avith as by this Act is directed-; nod if in
Scotland, until sitds person or persons,:sts charged
shall be dealt with as any person or persons ant ged
with a transportable offence may be dealt with ac-
cording to the !Ow and practice. of Scotland.
111. And belt further enacted, That if any
i4Crtni or persons shall after the passing of this
Act iiirlaWfully enter into or be found in arty fo-
rest, chase, prk, wood, plantation, close, or
other open or inclosed ground at night, according
to the provisions of this Act, with respect to what
shall 'be deemed night for the purposes hereof,
having ate- net; engine, or other instrument, for
the purpose and with the intent to destroy, take,
or kill, or shall wilfully destroy, take, or kill
game, it shall and May be lawful to and for the
ranger and rangers, and to and for the owner and
owners, occopier and occupiers Of any such forest,
chase, park, wood, plantation, close, or other
open or inclosed ground, and also for his, her, or
their keeper and keepers, servant and servants, and
also for any other person or persons, to seize and
apprehend or 'to assist in seizing awl apprehend-
ing such offender or offenders by vitt Ueof this Act,
and by the authority of the same to convey and
deliver such offender or Offenders intlo the Custody
Of a Peace Officer, who is hereby authorized and
directed to convey Stich offender-or offenders before
sortie one of his Majesty's Justices of the Penej
for the county or place where such offence shall
be alleged to have been committed, to be-dealt
with according to law,
• IV. And be it (lather enacted, That an Act
=dein the last Session of parliathent, intioded
airAet to repeal an Act Made its the thitty-ninth
and fortieth, years of his present Majesty's reign,
intittded An Act'to exteml the provisions of en
Act made in the seventeenth year of the reign of
King George the, Second, ilitioded " An Act to
amend and make snore effectual the laws relating
to rogues, vagaboOds, and other idle and disorderly
pet-sous, and to I-looses of Correction," and to
make other, provisions in lieu thereof; shall be and
tile same is hereby repealed, ~
V. And he iefurthee enacted, 'That the said Act
made' iu the thirty-ninth and fortieth years of his
present Alajeity, intituleil An Act to extend:the
provisions of an Acs- matte in the seventeenth year
of the reign of King GeOrge the Second, intitoled
An Act to amend and make more effectual' the
biws.relating to rogues, vagabonds, and other- idle
and disorderly .persons, nod to ;Houses of Cor-
rection,' shall be and the same is hereby repealed.