The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-02 00:00:00

T.HE SU LONI ;_ IVI9NDAI MORNING, DEIUEMBER 2 1844
TIE` T.*.‘“:l„klt It`El ORIENTAL
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AIRMAN S.

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the Prte w-:. coute,
which was t'.• r-.molt rt
• it' ~w..,A the
f•it ;• 111,1 h.; .h, Ex
ei7r...ht he tooke-i uu n a ..-iiarariree for
'Ph Dir-e-
-tors were aware of the ilux.etv iniproted
inteccour,e, with the l'itrint, Presidenei,- and
si.bjeet 110 one ene•ag..cl their serious dentiei—o ion;
bitt th i.. vice was so onerous. so perilous, and so ex-
tensive, that they felt they could not enter upon it pre-
cipitately. They wished first to convince themselves
that, with the aid of the Government, a monthly com-
munication could be established with Madras and Cal-
cutta ; and they now hoped to undertake it in an effi-
cient and creditable mariner. He should not now touch
upon the China contract, because, as the arrangements
connected with that point approached maturity, the Pro-
prietors would hear more of them. In the meantime
there was much to be done, and he hoped the Proprie-
tors would continue to grant to the Directors that confi-
dence and co-operation which had hitherto tended so
much to the success of their operations. If any Pro-
prietor
had any observations to make upon the affairs of
the Company, the Directors would be happy to hear him.
Mr. DENT suggested that it would be desirable that
the report and the accounts should be circulated amongst
the Proprietors previous to the annual meeting, in order
that they might be enabled to appreciate the services of
the Directors.
Dr. BOWRING enforced this recommendation. That
subject had engaged much of the attention of Parliament,
and any gentleman who had heard the speech of the
Prime Minister on the subject of joint-stock companies,
and the ruin into which the shareholders in some of them

•pt,
Mr. Ward, Mr. Villiers, Mr. T. Duneombe, and atrium
stating, that eirmm3tances prevented their attendance at
the pre.sent meeting. Most of the letters were dated

from the country.
Mr. WoucELL (a Pole) then read the address of the
Polish CAnmittee, which recounted the various wrongs

remain unchanved—rulex (or I might entitle them a code
of laws) established by the deep drinkers of old, which
remain to the great annoyance of the majority of the
. ..
moderns, whr

10 are desirous of seeing them abolished. I
have taken my pint of wine to-day, to-morrow should I
not be " i' the veils," and lour correspondent, " An Old

under which Poland was suffering, and amongst ',tiler
things it stated, that even sobriety was an object of sus-
picion with the Russian Government, as it moralised,
and therefore enlightened, the million, and the preach-
ing of teetotalism Wal, consequently prohibited by
Rus7la.
Mr. LOVETT proposed the first resolution :
"Resolved,—That having heard the unanimous reso•
lution of the Polish refugees in London, passed on the
sth of June last, on occasion of the visit of the tyrant
Nicholas, this meeting, assembled for the purpose of
commemorating the last Polish revolution of 18:30, can.
not better fulfil its object, nor more worthily honour the
present anniversary, than by declaring its approval of
and adherence to the* said resolutions, concurring in
their spirit, echoing their inflexible determination, and
asserting the claims of Polish independeilefl to every
boundary violated by any of the partitions of which
Poland has been the victim, protesting against all in-
vasions of the rights and liberties of the Poles by foreign
Courts and Cabinets, and claiming for the Polish people
the sovereignty of Poland told the emancipation of the
Polish soil.'
Ile addressed the meeting at some length, and with some
warmth, in support of the above resolution, attributing
the fall of Poland to divisions amongst the Poles them-
selves, and to the opposition which existed between the
aristocratic and democratic portions of the people ; but
he was happy to say that the Polish emigrants were be-
ginning to understand their true position, and they might
be assyed, as he helieved they were, that as the
aristocracy had destroyed that country, the democracy
was destined to restore it.—(Cheers.)
Mr. LINTON seconded the resolution, which was car-
ried unanimously.
Mr. PARay moved tilt second resolution
+. Resoiveu„—Tbat the perseverance of the Polish
emigrants in advocating the cause of their country i their
annual celebration of the day in which Poland made an
effort to regain her independence ; the contempt with
which they have spurned every amnesty offered to them;
and, above all, the spirit internally working upon the
Polish millions, breaking nearly every year through the
of the vitality of
crust of illitqt4aoEB, proyokpinegoptliels..l.r
atro-
cious persecutions against the language, religion, en-
lightenment, lmigahntyensmoleenmtn, andand
pliebrepretywaolf
tethsteimPoonliiselsi
Poland, nnd therefore of her right to be considered and
treated as a nation t,iy the Ilatioils cif Europe, who aro
bound to repel the wrongs inflicted on her, as infrac-
tions of their common rights to freedom, independence,
and self-government ; and that this meeting, consider-
ing the greet cause of freedom as otte and the stimp
everywhere, and never to he rooted cut from the affec-
tion of the patriotic, never to be abandoned by the
heroism of the brave, looks to the triumph of Poland in
her future struggle for independence, as necesssary to
the security and happiness of Europe, and hence as en-
titled tq find al many KealolW 411iP§ 4: there ere nations
filled with the hatred of tyranny."
—which was seconded by Mr. NrixcxNT, and carried
unanimously.
The third resolution, which was to the following
eff)3et, w4s *lag adopted (Wh4idlik the Ote@r4 of the meet-
ing

_ am fend !
been done at the moment thellS shipri wass passin had this
erhaps
less would have been thought of the unprecedented in-
fringement upon the rights of the people, but the space
(large enough fur an entire company of foot) was kept
to the exclusion of the public for near two hours. In
doing this Major-General Pakenham has arrogated to
himself a power which does not belong to his office, and
which no other officer who has previously filled the post
of Lieutenant-Governor of this garrison has thought of
assuming. The inhabitants naturally consider that a
great and undeserved indignity has been put upon them
by this attempt to put a barrier
" Betwixt the wind and his nobility."
The Champion, 18, Commander Clavell, was paid off
yesterday. Her marines, and such of the seamen as be-
longed to Devonport, were conveyed thither in the Comet
steam-vessel, Lieutenant-Commander Pretyman, last
evening.
The Sylph tender arrived lust evening from Devonport,
bringing seamen gunners paid off from the Cornwallis,
72, fur the Excellent. She sailed on her return this
morning with supernumeraries.
The Hornet, 6, Lieutenant-Commander Chas. Seaver,
left Spithead for Chatham this evening, to be paid off.
In Harbour—The St. 'Vincent, Excellent, ;
Victor
Sparrow, Nautilus, and Diligence transports and they, Volcano, Eolio, and Dwarf steamers.
In Dock—The Prince Regent, Victoria and Albert,
Vengeance, Athol, and Locust.
In the Basin—The Neptune, Hastings, and Scourge
steam sloop,
Ae Spithead—No man of war.
SHEERNESS, THURSDAY.—The Ocean, SO, Captain R,
to her oflladgmoofoVriincges-Athelims irtnaolrnSiinrg!.
tJo.
mWakheiter,oortm-
tAu
rr ttlheudr,
for the new flag-ship Queen, 110, Capt. Martin, which is
on her way to this port.
The Thunder, surveying vessel, 6, Commander Bar-
nett, received advance on Monday, and sailed on Tues-
day for Nassau, en route to the sphere of her operations,
the Bahama Islands. She lands stores and passengers at
Nassau.
The Skylark, 4, Lieutenant-Commander G. Morris, is
ordered to undergo a thorough overhaul and refit for
further service, instead of being paid oft.
The Crocodile troop-ship, 26, has unshipped her masts
for examination. She is ordered to be fitted for survey-
ing service, to complete her for which it is believed her I
poop and forecastle will have to be taken away (they
have been but very recently added to fit her for service
as a troop-ship). We believe the Athol, at Portsmouth,
is being played with in the same way.
Ther'Netley tender arrived this evening from Devon-
port, with seamen for the Eagle, 50, at Chatham, and
Amazon, 26, fitting out here. The latter ship gets on
but slowly in her equipment.
The Africaine steam-vessel proceeded to Woolwich
to-day to tow the Diedalus, 20, Captain M`Quae, to this
port.
The Vulture first class steam-frigate is expected to be
the next vessel commissioned at this port. She has been
reef-1y for the pendent some weeks.
The Pearl. 20 guns, was taken into the third dock on
the 26th inst., for bringing forward for commission.
The Eagle, 50 guns, Captain G. B. Martin, is fitting

a anime appea, bein parti
crowded by the most
inhabitanattsd anxious torance gain a g glimpse oallyf
the noble ship as she entered the harbour. On going to
one part of the platform, how,-

:ever, the curiosit of —the
inhabitants met a most unwarrantable obstrucy tion, by
two soldiers who were posted there to keep a space clear
for General Pakenharn

Commercial, ' be my president, I should be compelled by
the rules to have the usual quantity, viz., a pint. If that
is not an absurdity I know not the true interpretation of
the word. As to hotel-keepers suffering, that is puerile,
and a poor argument in support of drinking ; as though
they could not alter the scale of charges ibr meals, so as
to remunerate them,
I trust to your usual impartiality to insert this or part
of this letter, and remain yours,
A YOUNG COMMERCIAL, BUT NOT
A TEETOTALLER.

were led, and the necessity of their being enabled to see
for thereselves, must feel that the measure of the Govern-

meat should be adopted. He knew it was objected that
by such a previous communication of their affairs the
interest of the annual meetings would be anticipated,
and the shareholders would not attend.
The CHAIRMAN said that he and his colleagues wished

for every possible publicity; they were desirous that all
the affairs of the Company should be known to the Pro-
prietary; but he begged to say that the objection stated
by Dr. Boa ring was not the main objection to the
issuing the account.. The difficulty existed in getting
the accounts from India in sufficient time to promulgate
them in the way proposed. For the last four years it
had been impossible to conclude the accounts until within
twenty-four hours before the meeting; but they were
open to the inspection of the Proprietors, and he was
sure if the latter would leave it to the discretion of the
Directors, the suggestion which had been made would
receive the consideration of the board, and tboy wAUId
endeavour to meet the wishes of the Proprietors,
A PROPRIETOR, who stated that he was about to com-
mence his fifth voyage to India, expressed his regret
that the transit across the desert was to be placed in the
hands of the Pilch*. He thought if the Company would
offer that Prince 51. a head on their passengers, they
might take it into their own hands, It was 4oiely owing
to the mercy of Providence that many fatal accidents
had not occurred from the overcrowding of theriver boats.
The ellAiiiKAN pad, the Board had felt the inconve-
nience which had been last cptuplained of, and with a
view to meet it they had sent out the Delta, hl4l. the
Puha had refused to allow her to be placed upon the
Nile at pr*aent. He was afraid it was out of the power
of the Company to take the transit into their own hands.
They were but a Steam Navigation Company, and if
the Pacha *hose to take the transit into his own hands,
the Company must dispose of their property, The
Paella had undertaken, by convention with the British
Government, to effect the communication with greater
expedition, on lower terms, and to the satisfaction of our
Government. As to a poll.tax, be believed ouch a pro-
position would not be listened to, but, at the sai tir4e,
he would state that authority had been given to suggest
such a immure to the Pacha if agreeable.
Dr. Bowntsio observed that the intervention of a fo-
reign body in carrying on the internal epinlnnhication of
a country, would involve an important question of inter-
national law,

TO THE xr.iiTon OF THE SUN.
Sfa,—ln reply to a letter in your paper of the 27th
instant, signed " An Old Commercial Traveller," I beg
leave to question the correctness of his assertion, that
any society either has ° sprung up," or is about to spring
up, termed the ‘` Commercial Travellers' Protedion So-
-1 eiety" fur teetotal purposes, and, as he asserts, for the
purpose of upsetting the present state of things, and the
conviviality and socialism of the commercial room. No
doubt the OLD Traveller believes what he states ; but,
Sir, as one of the more modern school, I must make bold
to say, that I fear some humourous wag has been playing
en the old gentleman's prejudices ; and perhaps on his
patlittically bemoaning the defunct hot suppers, hard
drinking, and roaring j.dlity of yore, so well known as
the old habits of the commercial body, that the said wag
i may have invented the absurd story of the Protnetion
Society," and so called fertb the indignant epistle of the
01.. p Pannileroial
iiut, Sir, as one of that body now, I am happy to say;
increasing on the road, who feel a pride in e,onsi-
dered temperate men, sober mn, and business men, I
totally deny that eitlwr ihe harmony or conviviality of
our reem is falling, or fallen, trom our improved tem-
perate habits ; and if the " OLD Traveller" regrets the
wild orgies of inebriation; and cannot enjoy the improved
intellectual tone of the conversations of modern commer-
cial rooms, I can only say that I fear he must continue in
his regret, as the day is gone by when either (3Nampla or
scoffing can renew intemperate habit; no the road.
In conOnsign, and tc, leftite his assertion relative to
Else 't dapi:essW landlord"—those gentlemen with weak
spirit, I need only refer to the well-known ;apt, that
many hotels, which, since their first estAblillinent, have
had their doors, I may say, hermetically sealed, against
" Travellers," are ;lbw, since posting and coaching are
41r403t a blank letter, anxiously courting the commercial
body, and daily advertising their appropriation of a room
exclusively for their accommodation, arui expressing
their anxiety to cultivate their patronage.
Thus, Sir, is the regret of your old Correspondent un-
folocicd, and the goad feeling which has ever influenced
you towards our body, will, I trust, induce you, in jus-
tice, to insert this letter in reply to his unjust attack.—
I have the honour to remain, Sir, your most obedient
servant. G. C.,
A Modern Commercial Traveller.
Newcastle, Staffordshire, Nov. 28, 1844.

The CIiAIRMAN said, the Directors felt the delicacy
of the situation of the Company with respect to the
transit through Egypt. As negotiations were pending,
he trusted the Proprietors would leave the matter to
the discretion of the Directors, and not press it further
at present.
Mr. BIRCII complained of the want of accommodation
in the various means of conveyance from India, and par-
ticularly on board of the steamer Hindostan. He said
that Colonel Halewood died within twenty-four hours
after his arrival, in consequence of the hardships he
endured from that cause. He wished to know whether
the Directors were in possession of any details relative
to such mode of transit.
The CIIIIRMAN said the Directors were aware that
many had suffered inconvenience of the nature com-
plained of ; but he believed it arose from carelessness.
The Board were not in possession of any details with
respect to the newly proposed mode of transit. He sup-
posed the negotiations would be submitted to the Foreign-
office. He would, however, read an extract from a
letter received in town lately, and dated at Alexandria,
October 26. It was to this effect :—" In rsply to an
inquiry as to what guarantee the Directors would have,
in the event of their being obliged to withdraw their
steamers and give up their establishment in Egypt, and
confiding their interests to other parties, his Excellency
said that it was no longer a question of trusting to any
private company, but that the whole affair of the transit
would henceforward be a Government concern, and the
Peninsular and Oriental Company would have the secu-
rity of a convention between the Pacha and the
British Government, by which the former engages to
place the transit on a firm and satisfactory basis,
both as regards travellers, their luggage, and merchan
dise. His kxcellency added, that the object of his
Highness was, by combining a rapid, economical,
and efficient means of transport, to obviate the confusion
and irregularities arising from conflicting interests ; but
so far from expecting to derive a profit from taking the
thing into his own hands, his Highness calculated on a
positive loss." The enlightened, character of the Pacha
was well known, and if these negotiations for the transit
were carried out, the public would be much benefited.
The Directors would continue to watch the progress of
the negotiation, and would contribute towards its com-
pletion any facilities which it was in their power to
afford.
The report was then received and adopted, as was also
a resolution for a dividend of three and a half per cent.
for the half year.
Dr. Bowaxxo said he was sure there would be a una-
nimous feeling of concurrence in the resolution which
he was about to propose, it being a rote of thanks to
the Chairman of the Board of Directors, for the manner
in which the concerus of the Company were conducted.
Mr. MANSEL seconded the resolution, which was car-
riedst unanimously.asi acknowledged the compliment, and
The cnAnt
assured the meeting that no exertions on the part of the
Directors should be wanting to merit the continued con-
fidence of the Proprietors.
On the motion of Mr. CATILXTON, it was resolved, that
10,0004 should be appropriated out of the profits, and
invested in Government or other securities, towards the
formation of an insurance fund.
The meeting then broke up.

o:ht
Zee eost ihv eoflf—J
June,
t mettbe proceedings
with
a
response o'nfrexileslarge assemblage of Englishmen on the following day, in
resolutions exhibiting sympathy for Polish suffering and
hatred of Russian oppression, this meeting, desirous of
giving greater circulation and influence to, every worthy
demonstration of international brotherhood, recommends
the republication of the resolutions of both meetings, and
their consolidation with the present, and thereby invites
and entreats the liberal press of this and other countries
to aid the cause of truth and liberty, and to vindicate the
rights of the oppressed by the insertion .of these re-
solutions."

TO THE EDITOR Ol• THE SUN.
SIR,—I see in your columns of yesterday, a letter
signed " An Old Commercial Traveller," regarding the
existence of a society fur suppressing the present con-
vivial practices of the road. Unlike the " old 'un," I
feel that the originators of that Society are the best
friends of the body, and deserve as well of commercial
travellers, as Father Mathew does of the Patlanders. I
am on my first journey, and consequently the drinking
practices of the commercial room appear to me without
that halo which custom throws round our accustomed
enjoyments, and have not yet arrived at that point,
when I can relish a pint of wine at dinner, and a glass
of ardent spirits in the evening, which is the minimum
allowance of even those who (like myself) are in their
noviciate, and I am cure that both landlord and traveller
would be benefited by a change that would enable young
travellers, like myself, to have our meals at extra charge,
and be thereby absolved from the necessity of " putting
an enemy in our mouths to steal away our brains."
If you think my remarks likely to do good, please in-
sert it in your invaluable journal.—l am, &c.,
Swan Hotel, Bristol, N0v.28. A BAGMAN.

M. ZABA (a Pole) addressed the meeting in an ani-
mated speech, which elicited general cheering. He ob-
served, that upon that day the Poles in every country in
Europe, who were not enslaved, had met together to ex-
press their ardent devotion to their native country, and
to renew their vows to employ all their endeavours for
its regeneration. These sentiments were participated in
by the unfortunate exiles who were groaning in the
mines of Siberia, and upon that day their heartfelt
prayers were offered up to Heaven for the deliverance of
their native land. This unity of spirit would beget a
unity of action, and the day was not far distant when
Poland would be free.—(Cheers.)
Thanks were then voted. to the Chairman, and the
meeting separated.

zor sea in the fourth dock' The painting of her hull
was completed yesterday • her tops are put into their
places, and the crew are busily employed rigging the
ship. A detachment of Royal Marines, consisting of
two sergeants, two corporals, one fifer, and 63 privates,
from the Chatham division, under the command of Cap-
tain Appleton, with Second-Lieutenant Driver, are on
board. The ship will be ready for sea in about three
weeks.
The Janus steam-vessel was put out of the second
dock on the 28th inst., and taken immediately alongside the
slicer hulk, to get her cylinders and other heavy weights
on board.

The depots of those regiments now serving in Van
I)iemen's Land, under orders for embarkation, arc not
expected to leave the garrison until January next. The
ship which had been taken up for their conveyance, in
which they were to have proceeded this month, on in-
pection, was found not to be seaworthy. The strength of
these depOts consists of 334 men, with 7 officers.
In Harbour—The Ocean, Raven, and Skylark.
In Dock—The Hercules, Brilliant, Herald, and Spy.
In the Basin—The Howe, Vernon, Amazon, Crocodile,
and Vulture.
A t the Nore—None.

TO THE EDITOR O 1 THE SU?s
SIR,—In answer to your Correspondent, " 4n Old
Commercial Traveller," allow me to say tha t in the Society
he mentions as in existence, the object is not teetotalism,
but an entire and perfect liberty to the traveller, so that
he may or may not abstain, as best suits himself. As to
the depressing of landlords, we will not agree that our
system can do so, seeing we are quite willing to pay a
reasonable extra charge upon our meals or what else,
when we feel inclined to avoid intoxication. I leave it
to any one :—is not that a vicious system which induces
every young man, coming on to the road, as a commer-
cial traveller, to become a drunkard ?—thus often blight-
ing the prospects indulged in by a fond parent, and
founded upon his previous good conduct. Ought not
such a system to be exploded ? And will the cummer-
ciab°dallow the stigma to remain upon them, of being
intitiisrespect the least reformed class of men (holding a
responsible station in society) now in the country ? I
herewith beg to enclose a copy of our rules, which I trust
will meet your approval, and claim your assistance, and
! beg to remain,—Sir, your most obedient servant,
THE SECRETARY TO THE COMMERCIAL
TRAVELLERS' PROTECTION SOCIETY.
Bristol, Nov. 28, 1844.
RESOLUTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
MEMBERS OF THE COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS'
PROTECTION SOCIETY :-
Ist. That a society be formed to be denominated the
" Commercial Travellers' Protection Society," to consist of a
chairman, treasurer, and secretary, and of all those commer-
cial gentlemen who may travel occasionally, or regularly,
and who approve of the objects of this society.
2d. That the object of this society shall be to alter the pre-
sent mode of entertainment—that is to say, to dispense alto •
gether with the compulsory practice of drinking wine at the
dinner table, and also the customary practice of drinking grog
at night (thus making it perfectly optional for every gentle-
man to use his own discretion). 'lO abolish customs which,
though they have existed from time immemorial, have no
foundation in reason, and are proved to be fraught with mis-
chief both in a commercial, moral, and physical point of view.
3d. That it shall be part of the duty of the secretary to re-
ceive communications of all commercial gentlemen who are
friendly to the principles of this society, and who wish to be
enrolled as members, and also from all landlords who are
willing to comply with this arrangement, whose houses will
in such case be uniformly patronised by the members of this
society.
•

THE EXPERIMENTAL BRIG SQUADRON.
We have received several accounts from the experi-
mental brig squadron, under Captain A. L. Corry, in the
Firebrand, steam-frigate.
One letter states that the squadron had been dispersed
in consequence of continued fogs, and up to a late date
no trial had taken place, the brigs having experienced no
wind. Captain Corry, however, had collected his little
fleet, and it was expected an opportunity would be
afforded for testing their sailing qualities.
Another account says some sailing has taken place.
On all occasions wind free, and particularly on a wind,
the Daring has been first. Before the wind, in one trial,
she was first, and in others second. Strange to tell, the
Pantaloon has figured in most cases next to the Daring,
and stranger still,the Waterwitch was never even fourth,
and in one trial upon a wind she was last. The Flying
Fish was generally second or third ; but here again, as
in the other squadron, the surveyor's is the only vessel
that has met with an accident. The Flying Fish lost
her jibboom. The old brig Cruiser has been dead beat
on all occasions. Once the Daring was only able to see
her twelve miles to leeward.
A third statement is from letters received from the
Firebrand, dated the 19th instant, which arrived by a
vessel that passed the squadron out in the Atlantic, and
spoke the Firebrand. They say the squadron had then
been at sea four weeks, and had experienced the most
tempestuous weather—repeated gales with heavy seas.
The Firebrand had laboured considerably, and so violent
was the wind, that for 24 hours her lee bulwarks had
been under water. Nothing in these letters had trans-
pired respecting the trials of sailing, as all communica-
tions on the subject had been interdicted by Commodore
Corry, nor did the officers know how long their cruise
was to continue, or whore they would go to. The squa-
dron was, however, all well.

FOURTEENTH ANNIVERSARY OF
THE POLISH REVOLUTION
Oa Friday, the 29th of November, being the fourteenth
anniversary of the Polish Revolution, a numerous assem-
bly of the Polish refugees, resident in London, attended
Divine strvice in the Belgian Chapel, London•road, at
ten o'clock, A. 31., when the Rev. S. P. Brzezinski, their
countryman, delivered an appropriate and touching dis-
course. Afterwards they held a meeting at Sussex
Chamber, 10, Duke-street. St. James's.
Captain JABLONSKI, having been unanimously called
to the chair, addressed his countrymen with much warmth
and feeling, calling to their memory the bright hopes
they entertained, when, on the 29th of November, 1830,
they took up arms to throw off the foreign yoke, and to
make their fatherland independent, as it had ever been,
before its iniquitous partition between the three treacher-
ous Powers. Those bright hopes shone over them in all
the struggles with their foe, and each new victory of the
Polish arms seemed to be the harbinger of a happy re-
suit of their endeavours. Alas ! the result was fatal to
Poland, and the elver, in his unsatiated revenge, doomed
the whole nation to suffer a most cruel persecution; and
ch
of
faedßr
were
sense:
)naw, said, or
favouring
the thirteen years of unceasing tyranny to which Polandf
th
had been subjected, instead of satisfying the wrath of
Nicholas, had made him more obdurate. Captain Ja-
blonski then alluded to the religious persecution in Po-
land, and trusted in Divine Providence that the day,
when the Poles would break their fetters, was not dis
t They proved in their
frail elements it was composed.
the
e ratherp Poles
exaggerated, ev‘r,ae tl. el d?,f aboutwhat
thateits.trel‘nigu
the Caucasusthe cause. The Polish
and the brave mountaineers of
and, besides, " thrice is he armed that bath his
nation was aasgasitnrostngnuetsisoivag;h to regain its independence,
quarrel just." In conclusion, Captain Jablonski said
that the Poles felt a great consolation to see the univer-
sal sympathy with the wrongs of Poland. That sympa-
thy was at all times manifested in an effective manner
in this country, and even in the very presence of the
Autocrat himself.—(Applause.)
The following resolutions were then proposed, and
unanimously carried by the meeting :-
1. Proposed by Mr. Jackowski, and seconded by Mr.
Wiercinski—" That the assembled Poles, ever faithful to
the cause for which they took up arms on the 29th of
November, 1830, being now in exile, but enjoying the
freedom of evincing their sentiments publicly, protest
before the world against the gross injustice with which
the political annihilation of Poland has been accom-
plished, and denounce before the tribunal of civilised na-
tions, the tyrannical oppression to which the Polish
nation are subjected—especially that unfortunate portion
of their nation which remains under the sway of Nicholas,
the Czar of Russia, who, in his unsatiated -revenge, per-
petrates the most revolting cruelties ; and that they so-
lemnly deter.' that, trusting to Divine Providence and
the justice of their cause, they are resigned to bear the
hardships of their exile, and be ever ready to devote
themselves for the independence of their country, and for
her civil and religious liberties.
2. Proposed by Mr. Kozmian, and seconded by Mr.
Olizarowski—" That the assembled Polish refugees ex-
press their thanks to the British nation, for the hospitality
they have met with in this country, and for the protection
they have found in its laws. In particular their thanks
are due to the Corporation of the City of London, the
Literary Association of Friends of Poland, the Right
Ilonourable Lord Dudley Ceutts Stuart, and other pub-
lic bodies and private indivi'uals, who have evinced their
sympathy with the misfortunes of Poland—ii sympathy
of which a fresh proof was given in the presence of the
Autocrat himself during his lute visit to England, and
who have generously endeavoured to alleviate :be hard
position of the refugees."
3. Proposed by Colonel Szyrzna. and seconded by Mr.
Szulez-wski—" That the thanks of the Poles are due to
the editors ef the me.rol olitun and provincial journals,
who acne nobly eilseti pin in teivocating the cause of
and who have bold:, denounced to the public
opinion the itek. avabl• persecution of which that country
%ietilu

The above are given as they have reached us, without
vouching fur the accuracy of the statement.—. Herald.

4th: That it shall be considered a rule of this society, that
an extra change may be made for dinner, &c., so that the
landlord be remunerated ; the simple object of this society
being not to lessen the landlord', profit, but to abolish a bar-
barous, though common practice.
sth. That it be an instruction to the secretary to obtain in-
formation from private housekeepers who may be willing to
open commercial houses in the event of the ordinary land-
lords declining compliance with the objects of this society.

ROBBERY AT WAKEFIELD THEATRE.—On Sun-
day night last, the Wakefield Theatre was broken into
by burglars, and several boxes of drosses and other thea-
trical property were abstracted ; the thieves have not yet
been discovered. The proprietor of the theatre is a Mr.
Smedley, of Sleaford, who was formerly manager and a
popular actor on the Wakefield stage.—Leeds Mercury.
LORD HARBOROUGH ♦ND THE MIDLAND RAILWAY
COSIPANY.—We understand that since the hearing be-
fore the County Magistrates at Melton last week, all has
remained quiet at Stapleford Park. No opposition was
offered to the Company's surveyors taking the levels on
the Oakham and Melton Canal towing-path ; and no
further attempt has been made to survey the park, as the
necessary levels, it is stated, were taken from the Ord-
nance Survey, which was forwarded to the Company by
the Board of Trade, on a representation being made of
Lord Harborough's opposition. Mr. Stephenson has
been on the spot during part of the past week, assisting
in the survey. On Wednesday last most of the police
were withdrawn, and returned to their several stations,
and on the same day the 200 special constables who had
been sworn in on the 17th inst., were discharged.--
Leicestershire Mercury.
THE WINDSOR RAlLWAY.—Surveyors have been
engaged during the past week in taking ground plans of
a new contemplated line of railway between Windsor
and London. It is proposed to erect the station in
Peascod-street, nearly opposite to the Star and Garter
Inn, and carry the line close by the Bachelor's Acre,
cross the New-road near the Savings' Bank, and thence
to the rising ground in the Long-walk, where it will ad-
mit of travelling on to Shaw Farm by the Frogmore
estate, occupied by the Duchess of Kent, Old Windsor,
Egham, Statnes, and ultimately to join the South Western
line between the Woking-common and the Weybridge
stations. According to this plan the Frogmore-road
would be done away with altogether, and the Frogmore
estate, belonging to the Crown, annexed to the Home-
park, which would be very desirable to Government,
now that Windsor has become the principal residence of
the Sovereign.

THE EMPEROR NICHOLAS AND THE GRAND DUKE
NlicitALL.—ln a recent excursion to St. Petersburgh,
Mr. Murchison having expressed a strong desire to ob-
tain for the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons,
under the direction of Professor Owen. a skeleton and
skin of the bos aurochs, or gigantic bison, his Imperial
Highness, with his accustomed kindness to Englishmen,
has announced that the Emperor has most willingly
granted the request, and that his Majesty's instructions
have been given to procure a specimen, which is to be
transmitted to London. The bos aurochs, or primigenus,
which, with the mammoth, and other lost races, formerly
ranged over very wide tracts, is the sole living remnant
of the great primeval quadrupeds, his haunts beinng
now restricted to the wild forests of part of Lithuania.
The ferocity and great size of the animal rendered it
♦ery difficult to capture and convey him alive to England
to our Zoological Gardens, and as detached bones only
of this species are known in England the present of his
Imperial Majesty must doubtless be considered of great
value by all naturalists, more particularly as this is the
first example, during many years, of a permission to kill
an individual of the herd—stringent orders for their pre-
servation having alone prevented the extinction of the
race.

BOTANIC AL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—The eighth
anniversary meeting of this Society was held on Friday
at the Society's Rooms, 20, Pedford-street, Covent-
garden; J. E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the
chair. The report of the Council and Herbarium Com-
mittee was read, from which it appeared that 17 members
had been elected since the last anniversary, and that the
Society now consisted of 173 members. Many valuable
plants had been presented, and the Society's Herbarium
had much increased in value. The plants sent to the
members had given the greatest satisfaction, the Society
having, through the liberality of its members and other
botanists, been enabled to distribute very valuable plants.
The report was unanimously adopted, after which a
ballot took place for the Council for the ensuing year,
when the Chairman was re-elected President, and he
nominated E. Doubleday, Esq., F.L.S., and Dr. Bossey,
Vice-Presidents.
FIRE IN MOOR•LANE.—Friday evening, shortly before
seven o'clock, information was received at the several fire-
engine-stations of a fire having broken out at the honse of
Mr. Plant, bricklayer, &c., 5, Moor-lane, City. The
outbreak occurred in a back room on the first floor, inha-
bited by Mrs. Plant, mother of the occupier, who was
from home at the time. From the statement of one of
the parties resident in the house, it appears that during
the whole of the afternoon a strong smell of fire or burn-
ing soot had been noticed ; but no traces of smoulder-
ing fire could be found until the upper part of the build-
ing burst forth in a blaze. Engines from Whitecross-
street, Watling-street, and Jeffery-square stations of the
brigade were very quickly on the spot, and the New
River Company's mains furnishing a most abundant sup-
ply of water, by half-past seven o'clock all danger of the
extension of the fire to any of the contiguous buildings
ssas at an end, the violence of the flames fortunately
being confined to the house in which the fire originated.
The fire is supposed to have originated through the
foulne,s of the flue, which setting fire to the bond timber
in the chimney, caught the woodwork of the flooring,
FOOT Ace.— On Monday, John Wilson, of Low and thus destroyed the upper part of the premises, with
M7e.e, ei.d Abram Been, of Mosey, met on Haddon a valuable quantity of furniture and effects. It is stated
H tl, to run hetween that Ow. and B..aling bar, near that the parties are insured.
Bradee.d. disteece b. ing the. r miles, for 201. The ROBBING CHURCH PLATES.—A gang of boys, some
day w,,s vi.ry tire, and bring Wibsey fair; un immense of them rather young men, and well dressed, four or five
conc ettre of spectators was present. The betting was in number, have been for some time in the practice of
in favour of Benn, who kept the lead, and came in a committing thefts of money from the plates at church
winner by about fifteen yards.—Leeds Timer, doors. Their practice is to follow close behind one or
THE GAME LAWS.—A petition to be presented to more ladies, as they go in, and when the former have de-
Parliament, Is In e lose of signature, at Nottingham, poritad their offerings in the plate, the young thieves dip
praying for a repeal of the game lews. It s.-ts forth the in their hands, as it also giving something, and in this
serious isijur,‘ den, to die egriculturist. by destruction way they have been known to carry oft both silver and
of hie produce with " surplus" PAM', the very heavy paper money.—Scotch Paper.
cost to th.• public, and the serious evil to society.—Don- STOCKHOLM, Nov. 19.—The Crown Prince is said
casts. Gazette. to be rather seriously ill at Upsal.

CURIOUS INCIDENT. On Monday last, a man,
whose name for obvious reasons it would be unfair to
mention, returned to his parish in this neighbourhood,
having undergone a sentence of seen years' transporta-
tion to the colonies, for stealing a pig. Travelling on
the road, some distance from his former home, he met a
lad, of whom he inquired if such a person, naming his
wife, lived thereabouts. The lad replied, ‘• Why, that's
my mother ;" and it proved that this was the man's son,
whom he had left an infant when ha was convicted. The
return from exile was a joyful one to his wire and family.
RS his character and prospects had so much improved
that he came to make preparations for taking them hack
with him to the colony, where there is abundant encou-
ragement for the industrious man, des:rotk, of lining b
reclaimed life.—Be he Chronicle.
THE WEATHER.—A sharp frost set in in this neigh-
bourhood on Sun lay night last, after a lung c
of soft, damp, and most unhealthy weather. We trest
that it will have a beneficial effect on the public health,
and put an end to the ravages of typhus t: ver, which
has prevailed for some time to a InJe.t alannintg extent
in all parts of the town.—Liverpoul Paper.
BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, Nov. 29.---Our
ket has been very quiet this week, and the trinsactiona
since our last report quite unimportant ; prices, how
ever, are unaltered, and importers continue t, show
firmness. For refined goods there is a steady deneval at
full prices. Treacle is worth 235. 6i1.1.0A 24 •. :tut' ',cry
scarce ; crushed and pieces .re of sa,e /3, i,t,tPl
Mercury.
INCENDIARISM IN NORFOLK.--011 Sur;day lag ri
tire was discovered on di; preum•es of Mr. Dirks, J.f
Twyford. A barley stack, the prolltice of six a re L. was
quite consumed. One of Mr. Dick's lahnurers has bee,
taken into custody on suspiiion o; being the incendiary.
—SuOi4.4 Chronicle. •

WOOLW—ICH DOCKYARD.—Eighteen joiners and
two sawyers have been added to the establishment
during the present week, and twenty-nine blacksmiths
have ceased being on the establishment, but they will
not be out of employment, as seven proceed to Sheer-
ness dockyard and eleven to Chatham dockyard. The
other eleven will be retained as supernumeraries at
Woolwich dockyard, and be placed on the establishment
as vacancies occur.

Thank, having be, n voted to the Cha;rman, meet-
which t:us Cxelusivel) composed of Poles, 3t.puruled,

SMOKING IN FRANCE.—The administration of to-
bacco in France (which department brings in more than
100,000,000 f. to the Government each year) will at the
commencement of the year, offer for sale to the public a
greater variety of tobaccos than has hitherto been known
in France. On Jan. 28 it will receive propoals for
being supplied with 400,000 kilos. of best Virginia;
500,000 kilos. of Kentucky; 400,000 kilos. Maryland;
2,090,000 kilos. of Virginia of 1844; 2,000,000 kilos. of
ditto, Kentucky, and 2,000,000 kilos. of ditto, Maryland.
On Jan. 30, 135,000 kilos. of Savannah; 130,000 kilos.
of Java; 20,000 kilos. of Varinas; 1,000,000 kilos. of
Hungary, and 500,000 kilos. of Macedonia; giving a
total of 8,035,000 kilos. In addition 10,000,000 Manilla
cigars.

THE POLISH MEETING. .. COMME'IiCIAL TRAVELLERS' , NAVAL INTELLIGEN CE. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOU itNA L'.4.
'".st nigh' the ''llfliver6vsr, of the Polish Rev: lotion ' PROTECTION SOCIETY. PORTSMOUTH, FRIDAY.—The St. Vincent 120, Capt. ' PROM THE EVENING PAPERS GP sATuRDAY.
•""--,a'ect b... a; -osskilic illk?'(1,311g, wlach a :,,, held
wa
i ClllAt, ,
-----4--
Gilstrap'.l Hotel Newark Nov 29, 1844. . Rowley, got under weigh this morning about twelve GLOBE.—" A good man struggling under rni,fortune
•ev L'_ ..:rsl;',vl, L.:7d itaat,a. ...-.,t:...:111. ii. 0 rim Emroie Of THE SUN: i o'clock for the harbour ;on leaving the anchorage at is a sight for the gods." So said an ancient hiloso-
'ai i he a-aa.i.t roout ,_
' Spithead, she stood in' to the Isle of Wight on th oar- pher. But the world had not then seen a grePat corn-
was caPtai to tha chair,., arid
,on
Dr. B avrinea M.P.,
a i
~,,
.ii,.:„.s 04 chi.i
:,,..,1,, a -.4,:4%, Ci,..:rttst,;.,
~,, , last, that s,-..,0,. member of the commercial body atitici-
th, his ~,,, ~.. ~1.31 Pansu g, tal,ati,.ii. I at- pro .
Sia,—l perceive by a letter in The Sun of Wednesday board tack, put about, tacked again, and reached to the mercial cour try struggling under a Tory M' • a
~ Ii I S ry.
'northward and eastward, tacked and reached to the Our modern instance beggars in sublimity the ancient
; pates and cond,mns an agitation for change in the cus-
I-, c,lll -t - -
southward, then tacked again and weathered the spit- apothegm As, however, a good man so struggling
sai•l, to., asre aaaaanaaa -, ,nav hail been on pre, Ems : toms of Ow conL.lercial room. Happily for the credit buoy, hauled up the main course, and came towards. the may be supposed to find in an occasional glance at the
saiea:a•ti, at peases; aigailaa the rain of Pelatal, and the ,of the body there are, few o; the old school (to which , harbour under double-reefed topsails and top-gallant more fortunate condition of his neighbours the con.
Pile CH.4titmAN nil. th, „1,,,, the pa a:ea-dings .as
weasias wi all laid biaii &Lira as thAt cut TrY• 11" di.,, your correspondent evid••ntiy belongs) left on the road, sails, forecoursa, jib, and spanker. On entering the mouth soling assurance that hie lot is but an exception,
iekt•l-seilie;a • .4. oteate iteiela•ndence and litier.ty of I and it is an indisputable fact that more than three-fourths she up forecourse and in topgallant sails, and ran up the and probably as temporary in duration as it
Pokriti; for de,iaiir was a word not to be found in the :of the commercial men of the present day are desirous harbour with her three topsails, jib, and spanker, the is partial in extent, so may wo yet occasiothdly
• liv of `'ree-ion 111 could not say when the re-
.` of seeing a change in regulations which are not only wind variable from E.S.E. to E.N.E. It was a most look abroad, and, in the brighter prospects of
litlt.i/Jll A . A . .
SllrreetiOli lif that counto would take place; but that characterised by absurdity, but pernicious in their con- beautiful sight to witness this splendid and efficient man- other nations, find promise of an improvement in our
soaner or later it would rise from its pt•eseut oppressed sequences. I will not seek to trespass on your space by of-war under canvass for upwards of an hour; she seemed own. In the progress of sound principles of commercial
state, he had not the slightest doubt. If he were to ad- entering into particulars, bat simply put a question to to perform the above evolutions with the most. p,•rfsct economy, especially, IV2 have an interest greater than
fires:, an) words of advice to his Polish friends, it would. you, Mr. Editor, by asking if you can conceive anything ease, and afforded a rich treat to the initiated in naval that of any other people. Every step of that progress,
be, diat they sheuld not allow themselves to be d:stracten more preposterous than for a man era:rased in business tactics. Hundreds of spectators thronged the ram- wherever made, must be a gain to ourselves. We have
sentiment alone ab-by la try controversies, but let onerequiring all his hysical and ►mental energies, to be ex-, parts and the beach on both sides the harbour. Ad- been led to these observations by a consideratior.
sorb ail other considerations—the love of 1- i tatar lone
recited (aye though it be in the dog days) to drink a ditional interest was excited by the knowledge that this of the present position of parties hi the Unitssi
eoutirra.—(Cheers.) He regretted that a griat total ben pint of wine at isiat,t every day to Jinn r> Mr. magnificent three-declierhad borne oft the palm in the late States, as developed by the approach of the period
oe warm friends of Poland wrre prevent; d from sa tend- Editor, he cannot escape by paying alone, no, he must trial cruises from a ship vaunted as the most perfect and appointed for the election of a new President. It seems
lug the present meeting; but they b:,i, iu expres,ing drir.h it, as your correspondent of the old school would the fastest sailing line of battle ship in the service (the to be one of the necessary consequences of a democratic
their inability to attend, at the same time conveyed the quickly demonstrate to any tyro over whom he might surveyor's ship, Queen). The result of that cruise election, conducted as that of the American Preaident
assurance that the}' were animated by the best wishes for . ohaogo to preside, During tr;e last half century change throws some light upon the cause of the Queen being is, that it should generally result in the choice, not oi'
that unhappy country. told improvement have taken place in most things, but kept so long inactive in Malta harbour. The platform the man whose talents and ever -bt • fit hire •
Mr. Paartv then read letters from Mr. Howard El- ' the old boys of the road, with their arbitrary recrulations, presented
. .. -
... _ a
_
phinstone, Mr. S. Crawford, Mr. Ewart, Sir C. Napier,

2rgy best fit hitn to govern,
but rather of he against whom the fewest objections call
be urged ; and so to place at the head of the republic
rather one in whose opinions the majority concur -

most,
completely, than one in %%hose ability they have the:
greatest confidence. This may mainly account for the:
exclusion of such men as John Caldwell Calh'-

.;alhoun, and
the election of Mr. Polk, when the representation of the
democracy of the United States is in question. Bet
such men, wherever their particular place may be, always
have their weight ; and speculating, as circumstances may
now warrant us in doing, upon the probability of Csl-
houn taking an important part in the American C.o_
vernment during the next Presidency, it may be inte -
resting to the British public to review shortly his past
career, and mark what it promises for the future. Our
present purpose is to do this, and we take as our chief
authority a volume published in New York about twelve
months ago. It purports to afford a complete view or
his political life down to that time, " together with a
selection from his speeches, reports, and other writings,
subsequent to his election as Vice-President of the
United States." Born in 1782, it appears that he entered
Congress in what has been called the War Session of
1811, and immediately became a leading member of
the party which preferred war to a submission to the
restrictions we were then attempting to enforce upon
American commerce. In 1817 he became Secretary of
War, which office ho held until 1825, when he was
elected to the office of Vice-President. It is chiefly
from this period that we must view him as a commercial
reformer, and a determined opponent of the measures
by which America has shown a disposition to imitate
the restrictive and destructive commercial system of the
old world. We find his speeches abounding in argu-
mentative and eloquent denunciations of the protective
system, as applied to the produce and manufactures of
the United States, and his growing influence constantly
exerted in favour of the adoption of those enlightened
principles of commercial policy which have at length
become so prevalent that they have even insinuated
themselves into the Conservative Cabinet of England.
Would that their inconsistency with all else they find
there were not productive of quite so much vacillat-
ing and blundering legislation—that our sapient rulers,
blinded by the light of principles to which their
vision is unfitted, would consent to stand still where
the only alternative must be floundering into mischief'
But to return to our subject. The opinions of Mr.
Calhoun have been so clearly and freely expressed in
favour of liberal commercial arrangements between
the United States and this country in particular,
and are throughout so uniform and eensistent, that
we can have but little diQiculty in anticipating the course
to be taken by any Government of which he may happen
to be a member. His untiring opposition to the 'l'aritf
13111 of 1828, followed by similar but more powerful
efforts against that of 1842, have sufficiently attested
his character as a commercial statesman. His speech
inl Congress)etakena on
s acotmhevielatettemr,amniardee in
manifesto of
the August,view 818b432.1%,
.hmicayh
he is likely to be guided in the conduct of any nego-
tiation between the two countries in which he may
bear a part. After describing the particular effect of the
restrictive system upon the American trade in cotton,
and also upon some other branches of native industry,
he reverts to a more general view of his subject, and ob-
serves that " this Bill (the Tariff Bill of 1842) would
affect them all alike ; cause them to sell less, and give
more for what they buy, and to fall back on their
own resources for supplies ; or abandon their pursuits,
'o be followed, finally, by impoverishment and loss

of custom to those with whom it originates. The
whole tendency of the measure is to isolate country
from country, state from state, neighbourhood from
neighbourhood, and family from family, with di-
minished means and increasing poverty as the
circle contracts. The consummation of the system, to
use an illustration of a deceased friend, •is Robimon
Crusoe in goatskin.'" Yet there is no want in Mr. Cal-
houn of that salutary caution for which Conservatism
claims so much merit. " I am not ignorant," he conti •
noes, " that it is the work of time and of great delicacy
to pass from the artificial condition in which the country
has long been placed, in reference to its indmti‘,
b.

))7 a mistaken and mischievous system of policy. Sua -
den transitions, even to better habits or better condi-
tions, are hazardous, unless slowly effected. With thin
impression, I have ever been adverse to all sudden
steps, both as to the currency and the system of po-
licy which is now the subject of our deliberwion, bail
as I believe them both to be." Haw Mr. Calhoun is dis-
posed to apply these principles to international policy
may be gathered from the following passage from a
letter of his, published in the Times in Septern! or, 1543,
end having direct reference to a commercial arrange-
ment between England and the United States
I am for free trade—free trade on both sides, if it
can be had, but if not, on one side. It is good in part,
but better in whole, for the interest of both countries;
and my advice, as far as I have an opportunity of
giving it to my frierds, is, to push, without the least
relaxation, for decided action on the part of Congress
at the next session ; but, at the same time, to throw no
discouragement on the attempt to arrange the duties by
mutual agreeement ; and I hope they will take that
course. It is, I hold to be, the most certain mode to
attain the object they have in view—to strike off the
shackles of commerce." How will the fine drawn di-
plomacy of Lord Aberdeen deal with such views as these?
No need hero for a subtle distinction between " ab-
stract propositions" and " practical measures" from Sir
R. Peel, or for a cunningly devised Bill with a circunt-
bendibus in it from Mr. Gladstone. It is all plain sailing.
If Mr. Calhoun could carry his party with him we
should have nothing to do. America would form her own
commercial policy, and leave us to struggle out of the
meshes of restriction and monopoly as we best could,
and as the growth of our common sense should dictate.
As it is, we shall probably have far more offered than it
will please the Solons of Downing-street to accept. The
very plainness and frankness of the offer will scare them
from a ready acceptance of it ; while the absence of all
need for their favourite weapons in negotiation will pro-
bably make them unwilling to do anything. Let us hope
that the deficiency of our Tory Cabinet may be made
good by the better sense of the Republican one.
STANDARD.—We have it upon the highest of all
authority that " fearfulness" is a sin of the same cla,s
with " unbelief;" and indeed they seem to be sins closely
nnected, if not identical. We never remember to
have met with a sincere Christian, who either in con-
versation or in writing, admitted the possibility of any
limit to the advance in material happiness or moral
improvement of the human race. Such teen exalt
all their views, and, looking upward, they can better
judge of the boundless perspective before us.
Adam Smith, the founder of the modern school
of political economy, was an infidel, and though an acute
and observing man—who could reason justly from what
he saw—he, as an infidel, was unable to extend his
view far into the future. He therefore drew his in •
ferences by an induction from temporary phenomena,
and time has demonstrated the fallaciousness of
many of his deductions. Most of his followers have
participated in this error of defective induction ;
would that we could acquit them all of having shared
in its cause—his miserable want of belief. We
believe that the happy prospects of a Christian nation
which, in proportion to its Christianity, will be a moral.
humane, and just nation, are absolutely without limits ;
and, with this opinion, we have the most confident anti-
cipation of the glorious destiny of England. We have
seen, even in the lifetime of the youngest man amongst
us, what, in the judgment of such reasoners as Smith amid
Malthus, was an impossibility—nearly a duplication or
the population, accompanied by reduction, in the propor-
tion of nearly one-half, of the money price of provisions,
while, concurrently with both, the amount of realised
property in the country has been enormously augmented.
If the views of Smith and Malthus were correct, this is
a miracle as repugnant to the laws of nature as that mi
racle of mercy (at which one of them at least would
scoff) exhibited on the shores of the Sea of Gallilee.
And such, if we may say it without irreverence, are the
miracles best suited to protect a practical and spe-
culative age from the sins of fearfulness and unbelief
—the sins to which such an age is the most exposed.
We cannot help thinking, too, that we see traces of a
like miracle in progress in the attention now universally
bestowed upon the condition of the labouring classes—
an attention which, if it be firmly fixed for a very few
years, will, we have little doubt, negative the opinion
lately so generally maintained, that the condition
of those classes is unimprovable to any great ex-
tent. It' the produce of the earth has
more than kept pace with the duplication of
the people, and the accumulation of wealth
has far exceeded both, what reason is there to suppose
it impossible that the mass of the people can be admitted
to a fair share of the common blessing ? Diffi-
culties there no doubt are in the way of such
a distribution ; difficulties, the force of which we are
not disposed to underrate. But we will not,
after what we have seen, admit that these
difficulties are insurmountable, if approached in a Chris-
tian spirit, and with a fixed, constant, purpose to do
whatever can properly be dome for the improvement
of the condition of our labouring countrymen—above
all flinging from us the sin of " fearfulness." The de-
terioration of the condition of the labouring classes
is a theme upon which many good men expatiate
with a feeling of compassion that does them
honour, hut this theme has been urged, perhaps, too
far. If it has been urged beyond the limits of truth,
as we think it sometimes has been, it has
passed the bounds of sound policy ; for from falsehood
nothing good can follow, and to exaggerate an evil
is one means of making the cure seem desperate.
That the condition of the labouring classes has
det eriot ated to some extent since the war, seems to
be capable of proof ; and that the new poor-law,
in its original shape, was calculated to aggravate the
evils of that deterioration, we should be the last to deny;
but we are by no means certain that, as compared with
the peri9d autececient W ;793, therti Imo been any 4AP'