The Sun.
London, England, 1821-06-06 00:00:00

PETERSFI ELM

Speedily will In. published,
:4 ,4, the PROGEgDINGS-before
'A"e Select Committee of the' Honse of Oninnions, ap-
Mclit',' file 23d ~f Nlay, 18'21, to Try and Determine the
f•er °f a PETITION respect in,g the of ELECTION
130 ROUGH of PETEI(SFIELD, it, the County of
'ICI, Ili; h Hist orical Introduttion.' Not es, and Appen-
111,tnteustrative of the state of that Borough. and the in-
wilich has prevailed !here for nearly a century.

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A
BILIOUSAN:FI PILLS, invented by ED-
Pre WAH
ntParatin. A LLANI, Surgeon'. and, A;:aribillieeacanrdy.c.erlt'ahiits,
nisrat•a„—', 15 justly esteemed for its a,ret
Frultruielinurioy Which it of rernot es al, Inaction. or
°at of
. the „Stomach and Bowels, whether arising
~et Indigestion, Flatulency, or cold.; Sickness at
ITh,;rl) Head:Ache &c. It operates lly acrid
%et ;r other cruditie:. retained in thy Intestin,l Canal, and
Atisti-,' 4n- Alterative -to the system e.enerally. Free from any
lts -:knial or Mercurial Preparations, it is at all times safe;
~ttsaa•,:eFn given with adapted good effect during li.r!•griatica
he l3is particularly to Persons of Bilious Ha.
those of sedentary lives, where a sufficient action of
4,,u.wels is riot kept up,.
and crudities retained in those
Uu es, are frequent', producing Pains and Di:tensions,
anti Eiead-
::Meac Giddiness, or a sense of 1 cariness and
A'single trial will folly convince‘ the Patpient of
y The worst cascs of Bilious or Sick Head-Aches
ttie7tainly. removed by a sin mach Dose, and hi ach shorter
titietlnetn could be credited, ,but from experience. The Pro-
-6,r thinks it proper to remark, they will be found not
ft,y°
thact without-pain iir uneasiness, but to leave the ho!ly,
44 eir inimediat,.. ael.;,in ceases, free froki that costive
generally succeeds the operation of laxative ale-
,
4.8441 by E. Edward., 66, on the'Footway, St:Paul's Church -
London, price 2s. Pd. and 4.5. 6d. per Box. Sold also
and Clianiller,Oxford-strect; Ward,•Holliorn: Strad-
; and lyillinott. bondon
hejßigo milt he procured... SPILSBURV's . PATENT
I,IOUTIC DROPS, a Remedy -in Scurvy, Gout,
Rod Scropliab.zis ::;leases. Prepared at the
4 Duty include ntai.y, 15, Soho-aro:ire, price 6s. lOC 6(1,, and
• tl. Genuine has a Black ink Stamp. •

PROVINCIAL PARLIAMENT OF LOWER CANADA.
ROUSE or ASSEMBLY.

IVEneItsDAY.,-111AncH 14.—The House attended upon his
Excellency. the Governer-in-Chief with their Address to his
Majesty, on the subject of the differences which exist betiveen
the graptees of the Tocvnahip of Sherrington and the tenants of
La Salle, and the Address to-his Excellency, praying him to
transmit the same to. hi's Majesty's ii inisters ;-to which his Ex-
cellency was pleased to give the following-Answer:—
" I shall not fail to transmit this Addiess,- on behalf of the
persons therein 'named and alluded to, for his Majestj's most
gracious consideration.'
The House went up to the Castle of St. Lewis, at the hour
appointed, with an Address to Ids-EXcellency the-Governor -in
Chief, stating that-the. House having taken into its irlosi serious
consideration his Excellency's recommendation with respect to
the expences of the 'Civil Government of this Province, had
voted a sum not exceeding 'forty-four thousand Rnd sixty pounds,
ten shillings and twopence, sterling, -to his Majesty, towards
defraying the expences thereof, and also a sum not exceeding
two thousand pounds sterling, for Schoolmasters for the current
year, the fund already by Law appropriated included ; but,
owing to peculiar and unforeseen circumstances, ithad not been
in the powtr of the House to lay before his Excellency a Bill of
appropriation to that yffect,
,end praying his Excellency to diyect
that such smn'or sums of 'money.may be taken from the unap-
propriated monies in the hands of the Receiver-General; as may
be necessary for the purposes aforesaid, and that the House will
make good the same at the ensuing Session of the Provincial
Parliament.
To which his' Excellency was pleased to make the following
answer :
" The question, out of which this Address has sprung, has
been considered with the utmost attention of which I am capa-
ble, and my opinion is, that the grant now proposed is wholly
ineffectual without the concurrence of the Legislative Council."
The following. Address was then presented. to his Excellency.
the Governor in Chief, representing that this Housei. impel-
led by a sense of duty to his Majesty, and of respect for the
honour and dignity of his government in this Province, feel
themselves bound to submit, for the consideration of his Ex-
cellency, their views on certain subjects which hale, during
the iTiesent Seision, incidentally and necessarily engaged the
attention of the House,. in the humble confidence that such
Measures may thereupon be adopted by his
,Excellency, as
may, tend to the general welfare of his Majesty's subjects
. in this Province, and to the honour and advantage of his go-
vernment therein:— •
I. That it is, in the opinion of this House, unjust that the
Province should be charged with the payment of a salary to a
Lieutefiant-raovernor-fiorn whom the Province derives no service
or advantage whatever, and that his Excellency, the Governor in
Chief be therefore humbly requested to suspend the payment of
his salary, until he shall actually reside in this Province, and
perform the duties 'of his office therein.
IL That the situation of Lieutenant-Governor of Gaspe, in
the opinion of this House, is totally unnecessary, and that his
salary is an. ' unnecessary charge upon the public of this Pro-
vince; that officer being also a non-resident, and having no
duties whateveieto perform as Lieutenant-GOvernor of Gaspe,
And that his Excellency be therefore humbly requested to take
the same intdanisideration. 'and relieve the Province of the
charge heretofore sustained in the payment of his salary.
111. That the Secretarrof this Province 'is also absent and
does not perform the duties of his office in person, and that this
House humbly pray His Excellency the Governor in Chief will
be pleased to adopt the necessary measures, in order that the
said officer do only receive the salary on his residing in this
Province, and perform the duties of his office therein.
IV. That the Agent of this Province has, in the opinion of
this House, been necessarily appointed in a manner different
. from the Agents for.most other-British Colonies, and has there-
fore no services to perform for this Province, that his office is
consequently an unnecessary-burden on the people of this Pro-
vince, and that His Excellency be pleased to take the same into
'consideration, and relieve.the Province of the charge heretofore
sustained in the payment of his salary..
V. That it is essential to the welfare of his. Majesty's Govern-
ment in this Province, that no salary shOuld be allowed to any
of the Members of his Maiesty's Executive Council, non-resi-
dent in this Province, and that his Excellency- the Governor in
Chief be therefote 'humbly requested to withhold payment from
such as do not actually reside therein.
VI. That in the opinion of this House, the combination or
re-union in a single person of the offices of a Judge of his Ma-
jesty's Court of King's Bench, and of a French Translator, or
of a .Tudge of the said Court, and of auditor of Public Accounts,
:or of Judge of the said Court of King's Bench, and of Vice-
Admiralty, is incompatible with, and subversive of the dignity
of the Judicial Offices, and of the estimation and respect due to
those whoin his :Majesty has exalted to those important trusts,
that much
_public -inconvenience and discontent have resulted
frOm such anomalies, and that his Excellency the Goiremor
in Chief be humbly requested graciously to take the same
into consideration, and to.require the Gentlemen in whose per-
sees those offices are combined to make' their election of either
of the said offices.

VII. That heretofore the annual salary of two hundred
pounds sterling were granted to the Judge of His Majesty's
Court of Vice-Admiralty in this Province, in lieu. of fees, by
His Majesty, as mentioned in an ordinance of the Legislative
Council of Lower Canada, of the 20th Geo. 111. chap. 14.
That nevertheless, since the year one thousand eight hundred
and ten, fees have been exacted and received by the Judge of
that Court from suitors therein, which, in the opinion of this
House, is a manifest obstacle to. the administration of Public
Justice, prejudicial to the industry and trade of the Province,
and as.such bath, in fact, excited much public discontent, and
that, His Excellency be therefore humbly requested to take ef-
fectual measures, in order that the wise and salutary intentions
of his late Most Gracious.Maiesty, as conveyed in the ordinance
above mentioned,may be strictly complied with.
VIII. That serious inconveniencies have resulted from the
occupation of the office of the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery
by a Member of the Legislative Council, owing to the imme-
diate,conneXions between that office and the House of Assem-
bly, and that a single person is, in the opinion of this !louse,.
adequate to all the duties of the office of Clerk of the Crown in
Chancery, and that His Excellency be accordingly requested to
take the same into his consideration.

IX. That the salary allowed to one of the Masters in Chan-
cery,.ought, in equity to belong to the person who rmforms the
duties of that office, whereas it is within the knowledge of this
House, and is also apparent from the public a.ecounts laid before
them by his Ricellc,,pcy the Governor in Chief, that the salary
allowed to a Master in Chancery is not paid to the Mater in
Chancery performing the duties of the office, and therefore that
his Excellency be humbly requeSted to take the same into con-'
sideration and adopt such measures thereupon, as in his wisdom
he may deem expedient to prevent a continuance of this Abuse,
which otherwise may hereafter become a grievance and produce
,great inconveniencies.. _ _

X. Tliat his kxcellency be humbly requested to lay before
this House, at as early a period in the ensiling Session as may be
convenient to his Excellency, a Statement of the particular du-
ties and responsibilities of the Board of Audit of the public ac-
counts.

To which his Excellency was pleased to make the following
Answer:—

I shall not fail to transmit these resolutions of the House for
his Majesty's most gracious consideration, but I can take
no ..tees in regard to. 'the purpOrt of them until I have received
his Majesty's command upon them. • 'DALHOUSIE.,
The messengers appointed to present the following Address
to his Excellency the .Governor-m-Chief, representing, " that
the House had tagen into consideration the several objects re-
cOminerided in his. xcellency's Speech at the opening of the Ses-
sion, and the divers Messages sent down since • but that the
great'importance'of most cf thoSe objects, and the multiplicity
Of business, had prevented it from terminating several of them ;
but that the House will resume their consideration at an caily
periodof the neja. Session;” reported that they had presented
the same, and that his Excellency was pleaszd to answer as
follows

.
" I 'am perfectly aware
.thatmany subjects of great import-
ance have been brought under the consideration of the House of
Assembly during this.Scssion.; and am fully, satisfied that the
delay in terminating slime of them may be unavoidable ; still
I cannot,but 'express. ' my regret that several of these should.
.
~.,

The following Address was also presented by the messengers
appointed by the House to that effect :
RESOLvEp,—That an luimble address be presented. to his Ex-
cellency the Goverrior-in-Chief, praying his Excellency will
be pleased to give the necessary orders for causing the waste
lands of the,crown oh the-north shore of the river St. Law-
' rence to be- explored, and that this House Will meke good
the expenccs necessary for that purpose, not„cxceeding,•fiVe
hundred pounds currency.
To which his Excellency was pleased to make the following
answer

" I think the object alluded to in this address of the
.11ouse
of Assembly, respecting the 'exploring of the waste lands of
the crown on the north side of the St. Lawrence, may tend to
the 'improvement of the Province, and shall give orders ac-
cordingly, .so-soon as the means shall be provided for me:143,-
am Provincial Parliament."

•
The messengers reported also that their address to his-Ex-
cellency the'Governor-m-Chief, praying him to rauseQrtain in-
formation to" be laid. before the House at tl;e ensuing Session,
relating to the progress madely the Chemhly Canal. Company,
in the execution Qf tbe law in that,liclial4-had been presented
to his Excellency, and that lie had liteii'.o6.3ed to give thefol,
lowing answer : •

" fshall not fail to cause all the information respecting the
Chambly Canal, required by this address of the House of As-
sembly, to be laid before the IlOuse'during the next Session." -

. Provincial Secretary's Office,' Quebec, April 2, 1821.
his Excellency the Governor-in-Chief hai been pleased .to
make the following appointments; viz :-_The Honourable An-
toine Louis Juchereau- Duchesnay, Esq. and John Stewart,
Esq. Trustees of -the Schools of Royal Foundation. Jean ()E
yler Arcand, Gentleman, Surveyor of Lands. Louis. LacoStF,
Gentle Man, Notary. Public, William Henry Hardie, 'Gentle-
man, Inspector of Pot and Pearl Ashes for the District of
Three
.Itiver& . .

Office of the Adjutant-General-of
Quebec, 28th March, 1821.
-It .has pleased. his Ekcellency the Governor in Chief, and
Commander of tlie Forces, to name. as his Provincial Aids-
de-Camp, in lieu of Lieut.-Col. Frobisher, deceased; • Lieut.-
Col. George Taylor, .C.B. formerly Inspecting Field Officer of
Militia in these Provinces, and Chevalier Duchesnay, formerly
Major in the Canadian Voltigeurs, both these officers to hold the
rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of the Militia of the Province.
By.order of his Excellency the Governor-General and
Commander of the Forces
F. VASSAL DE MONVIEL,
• •Adj..,Gen. of Militia Forces.

QtTEUEC, 29TH MARCII.--Se.ison.—The weather, after se-
veral deep falls of snow,..has again .assumed the appearance of
spring. The cold was severe.last night, the thermometer hav-
ing fallen as low as 0. This day however has been mild, and
the snow begins to thaw; yet we have still many reasons to fear
a late spring.
Extract from a Letter dated ,PAssomption,• 22d .March.—" I
take the liberty Of informing you, that the one half of the Bridge
built. over the River PAssomption by the Government, at a cost
of 24,000 francs, fell down yesterday morning ; by far the
greater part of the materials has been so damaged as to be of no
utility.
• KINGSTON, (U.. C.) MAncit 23.—The establishment of ;
Iron Works in the Province has long been a favourite project
with Government, by whom it is considered as one grand means
of promoting our general prosperity. This project is about to
be carried into effect by Charles Hayes, Esq. a gentlemanlately
from Er2gland, who purposes to erect iron Works on the Crow
River, in the tear of the Township of Seymour, about 40 miles
from the debouchure of the River Trent, where it is' reported
that ore of the finest cittality is to be found in great abinidance.
We are informed that this gentleman expects to have his fur-
nace in blast before the close of the present year, and that
he has already- opened and completetta road through the Town-
ship of Rawdon, to the Crow Lake, the scene of his future
operations. This road, running through an unsettled country
so far into the interior, will undoubtedly enhance the value of
'the adjoining land, and •the iron works will induce emigrants
and speculators to fix their residence in that neighbourhood.
Should Mr. Hayes put his present plans into successful execu-
tion, and find the ore as good as it is represented to be, he will
be enabled to furnish the whole Province with bar .iron, and
hollow wares of all descriptions? and render the further im-
portation of the bar iron of Sweden, and the hollow wares of
Scotland, unnecessary. In this case, his establishment would
become a public benefit, and he would merit the general sup-
port and good wishes of the Province.
MONTREAL, MARCH 28.—(The weather.)—During some
days past, winter, which we had erroneously imagined to have
taken its departure, has returned. Yesterday we had a'perse-
vering fall of snow, and we should almost prophesy a late.
spring, did not the experience of the last month convince us
that he who hazards predictions on the weather, must frequently
have his vaticinatious falsified.

• STEAM-BooTs.—There are two new vessels of this kind in
process of construction, the one at Laprairie, and the other at
Lachine The keel of the former is 105 feet long ; her beam,
23 fact ; her tonnage, 150, carpenters' measurement : her
draught of water, from 2a to 3 feet : she is int( nded to run be-
tween Chanibly And Quebec, and is to be called the Dc Sala-
berry, after the gallant officer of that name ; her engine, of a
40 horse power, is making by Mr. Ward, of the Ste. Anne's
Suburbs ; and the castings at Three Rivers. The
.latter has a
keel of 80 feet ; beam, 14 feet 10 inches ; draught of water, 18
inches ; of her tonnage we are ignorant; she is destined to run
between Lachine and some place on the Ottawa or Grand Ri-
ver; and her name is not yet determined. Her engine, of alO
horse power, is making by Bennet, Burt, and Bridge, of the
Quebec Suburbs, and the castings by Mr. Warwick.--There
are 14 Steam-Boats in Lower Canada; of which 10, and per-
haps 11, belong to Montreal.

SALE.—The Steam-Boat Caledonia was, last Saturday, sold
by Auction for 2,7101., a very moderate sum, considering that
the first cost was 126001., and that she is in perfect repair.
Messrs. J. and J. Young were the auctioners ; and Mr. John
Brown, representing an association of five persons, the pur-
chaser. On the same evening, some shares in the Steam-Boat
Montreal, which plies between this city and Laprairie, were
sold for 3001. each.

.MONT REAL, MARCH 31.—(FIRE).—On the morning of
Thursday last, at about one o'clock, a fire broke out in and
entirely_ consumed the interior of a house at the entrance of
the St.-Lawrence Suburbs, owned by Mr. Joseph Duplessis,
and tenanted by Mr. Ravenhill, grocer, and Misses Ross, Mil-
liners. The cause of it has not been ascertained, but it is sus-
pected to have been an overheated stone-pipe. The house -was
insured for 5001. ; and the furniture arid goods of Misses Ross,
for 6001.; but Mr.- Ravenhill, a very industrious and respect-
able young man, not long in this country, not having insured
hiS property, has sustained a loss that he- estiniates at 3 01.
The pipe. water had not been introduced into this house ; so
that, as ' usual, the engines were nearly useless, for want of
water.

ANOTHER FIRE.—The tocsin rung fur the preceding fire
having awaked Mr. Thomas Turner, 'in St. Paul's-street, he
arose, and, having ascertained that the scene of the accident
was distant was' returning to bed, when by the light of the
candle which he had not yet 'extinguished, lie perceived hi his
chamber smoke attended with a disagreeable sracll._Alanned,
he examined _ail the rooms on that story and found all safe;
hut, on returning to his bed-room, he found the smoke greatly
increased and evidently proceeding from below. Descending
hastily, he discovered that it issued through a partition that
divides his kitchen from the back-shop of Scott and. Co. where-
upon he left the kitchen, And, partly forcing; open the iron
shutter of thehack Shop, found .the whole apartment filled with
flames. A particular. inquiry into this extraordinary circurn-
stance is now. tarrying on by the public oflider,. and it wdl, we
rejoice to hear, be sifted to the bottom ; nor can we omit express-
ing oUr sincere hope. that there may transpire something of a
nutn,re to remove from cur minds the -impression (which we
are unwilling to entertain) that it was not the effect of accident.
d cssrs. Scott have insurance effected on the stock of their shop,
to the amount of 60001.

IIALIFAx, 1 Fn. 17.—1 t was decided in the House of .As-
sembly on Tuesday by a majority of 12, that Richard J.
Uniacke, and Lawrence Kavanagh., Esquircs--shoulti retain

„ .
their seats as Representatives for the county of Cape-Hreton.
HAnirnx, FEB. 21.—There was a most Animated and ob-
stinate debate in the House of Assembly on 'Wednesday last
upon the agricultural grant for the currEnt year.. The friends
of the Institution, however,.earried their point;; at& the aunt of
120/.. was voted by a large maior:ty of 22 to 14. The sun/ of
10001. was yesterday votcct itt the House of Asserntly tcwards
completing the building of the Dalhonsie Cerlei;e.
(To
,L-e-cor.A tinttet«)

(Continued from our Papei: of Yesterday.)
The is another iMportant fact regarding the
solidity of Bank Notes, and their proportion to
commodities in our times, differing from the cir-
cumstances of earlier periods. The Government
has been willing to receive throughout the coim-
try,.Bank-Notes in payment 'of taxes. Their
accumulated amounts have, by the London re-
ceivers,heen constantly paid into die Exchequer in
Bank Notes. This circumstance was alone suffi-
cient to give a value to Bank Notes equal to
coins, if we consider that the gross receipt of the
Exchequer--increased during the war, each suc-
ceeding year being greater than the last. For
example, in 1J312, they. Were 99 millioni; 1813,
114 millions ; • .1814, 117 millions; 1815, 124
millions, in loans and takes. ADAM SMITH said,
" A Prince, who should enact that a certain pro-
" portion of his taxes should be paid in a Paper
" Money of any kind, might thereby give a cer-
" taro value to this Paper Money ; even though
" the term of its final discharge and redemption
" should depend altogether upon the will of the
" Prince. If the Bank which issued this paper
". was careful to keep the quantity of it always
" somewhat below what , could easily be ern-
" ployed in this manner, the demand for it,might
" be such as to make it even bear a premium, or
" sell for somewhat more in the market than the
" quantity of gold or silver currency from which
" it was issued.'" We contend that Bank-notes
to some extent did bear a premium in the war,
for whatever purposes issued, because premiums
were daily paid to Money or Bill Brokers for
procuring Bank-notes in exchange for commercial
bills.

One word more regarding the stability of
Bank-notes. The Reports of the Parliamentary
Committee of 1819 stated—

The securities held by the Bank to amount to £39,096,900
The OuLtanding Notes and Demands to be - 33,894,580

The clear surplus profits to be - 5,202,320
Exclusive of the Bank Capital - - - 14,6U6,800

To shew the public opinion of the value of this
capital, every 1001. of this capital is at this time
worth i 291. in the Stock market.
With regard to the return of cash payments, it
is anxiously to be hoped that all the happy con-
sequences which are anticipated may be realized
by the measure, which is due to the rank and
character of the nation, and to the public opinion.
But supposing all the moral and political claims
upon the measure to be fully satisfied, it may be
useful to avoid attributing too much importance
to it, as the means either of alleviating distress or
of promoting prosperity ; lest on this account
other measures might be deemed unnecessary.
The measure regards only the wheel of circu-
lation, the means for facilitating the exchange and
distribution of commodities and values, not either
the natural or the market price of the commo-
dities or values to be exchanged and distributed.
We humbly conceive that merely the substitu-
tion of gold coins for Bank-notes for facilitating
money payments ; merely changing the repre-
sentative of the ancient measure of value, the
money pound from responsible paper to gold ;
merely measuring price or value by a costly re-
presentative instead of an economical one; we
must not expect by such means only to reduce
the taxes or any other component part of the
price of commodities to render them, on this ac-
count alone, either more profitable to the pro-
ducer, or cheaper to the consumer. We are
convinced that the real cause of the advance of
the prices of production being chiefly taxation.
Neither is any alteration made in the purity or
standard price of gold coin: Instead of the
guinea to pass for one pound one shilling, the
sovereign will pass for one pound. But it might
lead to an improvement highly beneficial to
the manufacturing interests could we but be
satisfied, that, while, for years past, we have
been labouring to prove that no fixed- stand-
ard measure of value has existed, the ancient
money (pound, shillings and pence) has all the
time been effectually measuring the exchangeable
values on the prices of all property, commodities,
and services ; distributing payments for immense
supplies, and collecting unequalled revenues ;
like an old and faithful servant, never deviating
from the path of loyalty, duty, and fidelity,
however contemned or however disregarded.

- The money pound, divided into twenty shil-
lings, and each shilling into twelve pence, was
first established throughout the country as the
English measure of value, as the money of com-
pensation and of account, by WILLIAM the Ist
in 1066. The coins in circulation are a diffe-
rent consideration. The pound was first re-
presented by a Tower pound weight of silver,
containing I I oz. 2 dwts. pure silver and 18 dwts.
alloy, which was first ,coined into two hundred
and forty' pennies. Some authorities say into
9-56 pennies, 'equal to 21s 4d. money of account,
the Market price of silver, being then ls.
per oz. Only silver pennies were then coined.
In 1087 the pound of silver was coined into 230
pennies, equal to twenty, shillings of the money
of account ; the market price of silver being
15..9d, From that year to 1300 the market
price of silver continued so nearly the same that
the pound of silver continued to be represented
by 240 silver pennies, ;equal to twenty shillings
of the money Of account. In the reign of king
JOHN it, was first termed easterling silver. Ili
the year. 1505fiENnY'itli first coined shillings:
in England, forty to the pound of silver. Snb-

sequent to the year 1300, EDWARD Ist. dOwn to
about the year 1550, EnsiAnn.6th, the market
price of silver .progressively' rose. considerably ;
conseqiientiv, to prevent the melting of 'the silver
eDimS, from time to time, the number_ of sl.i,lllne.,s
and pence, iiito which the twelve otmces
.of
silver -were • coined, were constantly increas-
ed : more alloy was also added to redntte
the expence of the silver coined ; the mar-
ket price of silver having risen in the period
io. 2s. 3t1:,. 3s. 4d., 45., Bs., and even to 12c.
per ounce, hi 1546. The discovery of.the Arne-
rican Mines in 1550, and their great productive-
ness, reduced the market price. of silver in' few
ivears.to 55.. sd: per ounce x and in the- reign of
:ELIZABETH, 1660, to ss. 4d. per ounce, when
'tile sterling fineness, the same quautity, 11 oz.
dwts: of pure silver and 18 dwts..of alloy, was
reestablished, which was 'the same degree 'of
purity as in. 1066. From 1660' to the present
tiMe, the standard purity of the Mint silver coins
has been observed. Ever since the year 1601,
12 ounces of such silver'had been coined into
625., -the Mint price of silver being ss. 2d. per
ounce, until the recent new silver coinage, Ni hen
665. were' coined out of silver of the same quith-
tity and purity, the Mint price having been raised
to ss. 6d. per ounce, to prevent the melting, of the
coin. But although to suit the varying market
prices of • silver, and prevent the, melting of the
coin from time to time, the 12 ounces of silver
have been coined into a greater or smaller num-
ber of shillings and pence, just as the copper
pence have contained more or less copper occa-
sionally, the ancient measure of value, the money
of .computation and of account, the pound, shil-
lings, and pence have remained practically the.
same; not only as the money of computation re-
garding all exchangeable values, but as Measur-
ing the current value even of all gold and silver
coins. Prices have continually been measured
and computed by thepound, shillings, and pence.
Payments have been made in current money.
The money pound..appears, according to Dr.
ADAM SMITH, Dr. REES,. and other authorities,
to be of Roman origin.. Before the ancients pos-
sessed silver and gold,. their rude coins of copper
and of trasS were stamped by public authOrity,
more to prove the purity of the metals, then the
most precious metals, than the particnlar weight
of each piece of, money. In G reeve as well as
Rome, andin England down to the. Saxon period,
it appears that all large payments were made by
weight.ofcoin, not by, tale. The first valuation
of Roman money was by the «livru gravis ceris,"
or pound-of heavy brass, or by thepond.o; and
for large payments by the pondzis, so called by
way Wemiiience, a hundred weight. After
,the
Romans had by their conquests obtained silver
and gold, their coins continued to be valued in
the same manlier.
In England Wita,rAsi the First established the
custom of receiving the public revenues in money,
not in kind. The money, however, was for a
long time afterwards received at the ExcheqUer
by Weight, not by. tale. Both the English money
pound and the French livre were originally re-
presented by a pound Weight, of silver of giVen
purity. shilling appears to have originated
from a Roman weight called scilliagni, the fourth
part of an ounce. In the reign of HENRY the
Eighth the shilling did -contain the fourth .of art
ounce, the pound of silver being coiued into
forty-eight shillings. .

But although, according to Mr. CAMaDEN and
Dr. REES, King WILLIAM etas the first to esta-
blish throughout England all money accounts to
be kept in pounds., shillings and pence, ETHEL-
IIRT7 King of Kent, the first Christian King lit
the Island, had first introduced this custom in
Kent. They had at the time no other coined
money than pence, containing as much silver as
would now be worth 3 pence; other money being
imaginary monies, names of numbers or weights.
The Norman and Saxon Kings continued the
same custom of coining only silver pennies in the
-Royal mints; the Prince's image being On one
side, and on the other the name of the city where
the penny was coined ; with a cross so deeply
impressed that it might he 'easily parted, and.
broken into halves ; which; so broken, they
called. hat f pence, or into four parts• they called
fourthings, or furthings. llENity 111. was•the
first King who coined round half-pence and.
farthings.

The term sterling has reference to the purl ty
of the English Coins. Dr. REES informs us
that " In the time of King JOHN (between 1199
" and 1216) money coined in the East parts of
" Germany came into special request in England,
"on account of its purity, and was called
44 Eaiterling-money, as all the inhabitants of
" those parts were called Eastcr!ings ; and
44 shortly after some of those people, skilled: in
" coining, were sent for hither, to bring the coin
" to perfection ; which ever since has been called
" sterling, from Easterling." This circumstance
must have occurred more than a century after our
money pound had been represented by silver
coins only, and long before any gold was coined
at the Royal Mint.

[To be coninued.]

, The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of CIIICIfir.
TER intends holding his Visitations at the Catbr-
drat of that city, an the 19th of Ju►y, and, at
Storrington, on the '23d.

Two very handsome Monuments have just hees
placed up in Si. Paul's Cnthedral, to the right
the north entrance, to the memory of the latD
Lieutenant-General Sir inthins PICTON tend
Major-General thy, who fell at the battle of
,N/aterloo. The former is from
.the chissc cf
GAGIIAGAN) and the latter frQm that of iloptiEß.

PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS, JUNE 5,

Mr. W ALFQLE, from the Treasury, presented
Account of the quantity- of Foreign Wines
-upon which the Excise Duties had been paid
from 1785 to IE2O : also of those upon which
Drawbacks had been allowed ; together with the
quantity of Home-made Winos on which Excise
Duties had been paid in England, Scotland, and
Ireland, for the same period.
In a Committee of Privileges, Counsel, were
further heard on the Strathmore peerage, and

.Lordz DEcres and lilLmoar.Y made good their
ciairts to vote at the ejections for Irish Peers.

SALE OF 111?..EAD BILL.

The Order of the Day for the second reading
of this Bill to regulate the Sale of Bread being

it 4

•
The Earl of LAUDERDALE, after having pro-
c,.2:ed the reading of that Clause in the 36th Act
of the late King for regulating the Assize of
dread, which exposes the baker to a penalty on
the precise weight of each loaf, observed, that
the present Bill went only to repeal that clause.
The clause, so far from protecting the fair deal-
ing baker, exposed him to the artifices of infor-
;::ers. It was impossible that a baker could an-
er for the exact weight of every loaf, and upon
the whole, he thought that Parliament would act
cv:sely in repealing- the existing clause.
The Bill was then read the second time, and
ordered to be committed to-morrow.

IRISH NISI PRIES BILL.

Lord Stromou'rn, on moving the second reading
of the Bill for regulating the Fees of the Clerks
of Nisi Priu3 in Ireland, expressed his satis-
faction at finding that no opposition was intended
to be offered to that Bill. So notorious was the
necessity for passing it, that he need only state
to their Lordships, that they had stopped pro-
cesses in the Court until the fees which they de-
manded were paid. The estimate, on the sub-
stitution of salaries for fees, was about 11,9481.
After referring to the Reports of the Commis-
sioners, his Lordship concluded with moving
that the Bill should be read the second time.
After a few observations from the Earl of

LIMERIC in favour of the Bill, it was read a
second time, and ordered to be committed on

Friday.
On the motion of the Earl of LIMERIC, the
Irish Rate of Interest Bill was read the second
time, and ordered to be committed to-morrow.
IRISH SMALL STILLS.

The Marquess of LANSDOWN said he had a
motion to make, but as the document for which
he intended to move was already before the other
;Howie of Parliament, he did not think it neces-
sary to preface his motion with the formality of
a .otice•. The mischievous effects of putting
down the Small Stills in Ireland, had been suffi-
ctently experienced from ih encouragement
which the system afforded to illicit distillation.
The morals and the health of the youth of that

cs•untry were to the last degree injured and con-
taminated by the system. The ingenuity of
-science had happily now discovered an engine
by which the amount of Spirits produced in
Small Stills could be perfectly ascertained so as
to'afford a security that the Revenue could not
defrau.led. Ile stated this not On his own
opinion, but on the opinion and Report of the
Commissioners of Excise in Ireland, who had ex.-
amined the subject with the utmost care. After
such an authority he hoped that the Government
would give their attention to it, so as to remedy
the existing evil ; without some remedy nothing
could be expected in that country but a state of
demoralization, such as no other had ever pre-
sented. For the purpose of putting their Lord-
ships in possession of this information, his Lord-
ship concluded with moving for a Copy of the
Report of the Commissioners appointed to super-
• intend the process of Distillation in Ireland.
The Earl of ABERDEEN expressed great plea-
sure at the improvement which had taken place,
in con;oguence of -1:s tendency to produce a
cibar•.ge of .system in Ireland. lie had endea:.
voured, with others, to obtain some alleviation
for the unhappy persons who suffered under the
laws, for though the most oppressive part of the
Lystem had been abandoned, it still bore heavily
upon many. Ms only object in rising was, to
• prevent such'a co:;sconception as that the flourish-
ing' state orthe Revenue Was .at all connected
• with the detestable system to'which he alluded:
• The Motion was then -agreed to.
Co'unsel was- then'lleard on the part of the
Pet:ticners•against the London Wharfi Bill.—
• rtirther-huring to take place on Friday.—Ad-
jburnect. - • •

HOUSE OF COMMONS.
• There being. but. 36. Members present at four
-o'clock, the House was adjourned:

.''''coma.. Tepper, whitesinith, of South Molton, has in-
vcrit'd a machine, wive': answers the purpose of a pump, fire-
ox water-closet. The pressure is so uniformly applied
L.n4..,purierci.:l in its offcct, that, until the water in the well be
complat.lly exhausted, it will emit a quantity eqUal, and at an
elevation superior to that of a regular fire-engine.
A net, dencriptionof.earrot, call ;d AmAK, was last year in-
-. tro4acxl into Scotland, and is found to be uncbmmonly.pro-
duc:tive, as an ounce of the seed raised 35 pecks of thisvo:-.
—t2')l- • one amak weighed 4lbs. 12 ounces, another 411.5. 10
zur.ccs.

• SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOW-
. LEDGE.—Yesterday the Members and Friends of
this Society partook of a sumptuous dinner at.the
Freemasens"favern, Great Qneen-Gtreet, his
Rua' Highness the Duke of Y ours in the Chair,
supported on the right and left by his Grace the
Alrchbishop of Canterbury and the Lord Bishop

.of London. The .company was numerous, and
of the highest respectability ; among whom we no-
ticed the Bishops of Bangor, Exeter, Salisbury,
Llandaff, and Gloucester ; Lords Hotham and
- -Kenyon; Sir R. Vaughan, Bart;- Sir T.D. Ack-
land, Bart.; Mr. Justice Park, Mr.,Justice Bai-
ley ; Mr. Baron. Richards ; the Archdeacous.,of
Middlesex, Essex, London, and Colchester ; the
Chaplain: of ,the, Rouse of:. Commons, 4c.:--Seve-
z•al speeches were delivered in the. course, of .the
evening by the Archbishop of, canterpqrsi-, "the
Bishops of
,London, Bangor„ Exeter, and Gloti-
cestei i:Jwas fiotharn, 15.eny-on, &c. &c. In strp..i
.port of the Institution, and a very large: collee-;
fion wa.;, made,. His Royal flightless .retirzd
About ten o'clock.