The Sun.
London, England, 1845-01-07 00:00:00

UNITED STATES.
ONE DAY LATER FROM AMERICA.

LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY EVENING.—The fast-sailing
ship Ne.v York, Captain Cropper, arrived at this
port this afternoon, from the port after which she is
named, with papers of the 16th ultimo, one day later
than those received by the Caledonia. She has also
brought seven passengers. The papers contain a few
interesting items of news, from which we extract the
following :

(From the New Ycrk Herald, Dec. 16.)
AFFAIRS IN WASHINGTON.—Our accounts from Wash-
ington begin to be extremely interesting. It is only ne-
cessary to read the correspondence from that capital,
which appears daily in our columns, with regard to the
Mexican diplomacy—the Texas question—and the policy
of Mr. Calhoun, to perceive the greatly growing inte-
rest which these subjects are acquiring. The course of
events at Washington is, indeed, now of the utmost im-
portance to the whole country, and especially to the com-
mercial interests.

According to the last accounts, the special messenger
from Mexico had arrived at the capital with dispatches,
but nothing has as yet been revealed in addition to what
we had already received by way of Vera Cruz, Galves-
ton, and New Orleans. Our latest correspondence, how-
ever, intimates that a most important communication
will soon be made to Congress by the President, con-
taining all the recent unofficial correspondence on the
subject, and pointing out to that body the probable
course of action which ought to be adopted in the pre-
sent emergency of our relations with Mexico. Accord-
ing to the best information we can find, it is believed
that the President, in his message, will recommend the
strongest measures fur carrying out the annexation of
Texas, and for the recovery of the instalment due by
the Mexican Government. We should not be at all sur-
prised to see a war message sent into Congress, recom-
mending that body to renew the negotiations with
Mexico, not on the Texas question at all, but on the
subject of the last instalment of the indemnity, in a way
much more energetic than what that country expects.
It will be recollected how the French Government nego-
tiated with Mexico a few years ago, by sending a fleet
with a minister—the one to enforce the correspondence
of the other by more persuasive means than written argu-
ment. We should not be surprised if Mr. Tyler were to re-
commend something of the same kind in regard to Mexico
—that is to say, the renewal of the negotiation for the pay-
ment of the indemnity, accompanied by a fleet to the
port of Vera Cruz, with instructions, if every dollar
and cent were not paid at once, according to the stipula-
tions of the treaty, to enr.ree payment as the French
formerly did. At all events, a few days will reveal to
us what may be the pi übable action of the Executive in
the present extraordinary position of affairs between this
country and Mexico.
It will be seen, therefore, that the Texas question ab-
sorbs all other questions. And bound up with this
question is the fate of Mr. Calhoun himself—he being
the principal negotiator in the recent Texas diplomacy.
A powerful combination is preparing in both Houses of
Congress for the purpose of defeating Mr. Calhoun, and
to prevent the possibility of his retaining a cabinet posi-
tion in Mr. Polk's administration. On the other hand,
a prodigious effort will he made by the present Adminis-
tration and its friends, to annex Texas to this country
at once, without any further reference to Mexico, and
to compel the Mexican Government to pay the last in-
stalment of the indemnity still due. It will be seen
from this critical position of affairs, that the question of
peace or war hangs on a single thread, and that every-
thing coming from Mexico, New Orleans, and Washing-
ton, as also from England, as soon as the returns are
received from that quarter, will be extremely interesting
to our readers. We have a stirring winter before us.
(From the New York Sun, Dec. 16.)
PROGRESS OF THE REVOLUTION IN MEXICO.—INTE
RESTING AND IMPORTANT INTELLIGENCE.—The rumours
of further revolts against the present Government,
which we alluded on Saturday-, are fully confirmed. By
the Southern mail of Saturday afternoon, we received
letters and papers from Vera Cruz, of date 21st ult.,
being one day later. We give our correspondent's
letter, viz.:—