The Sun.
London, England, 1828-03-05 00:00:00

LIES OF THE DAY.

. -

A meeting was held this morning at the Eul of EL-
PON'S to concert measures for defeating the Test and Cor-
poration Aets in the House of Lords. A deputation
waited on Mr. Fox, the Banker's Clerk, now in Newgate, to
return thanks for his zeal in the good cause. A wag has
bestowed on the conclave the name of Foxites.

Alderman PAM7.II, has this day purchased 100 Prints
of Sir C. NVETHER?:LL, to distribute in East Retford.

The price of horse flesh is much raised by the recen!
purchase of a Cotemporary.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

SPARRING BENEFIT.

Jack Carter had his promised benefit at the Tennis
Court yesterday, and received very liberal support from the
Fancy. The Court was crowded to an overflow, and
many of the airiest supporters of the pugilistic school were
present. The setting-to was pretty good, but many of the
nobs did not show. Among the exhibitors were—Aliek

Reed and Jack Scroggins; Bitten and Spencer ; the Two
Dwarfs, Morgan and M'Bean, who afforded lots of fun ;
Jelaa Burn and the Cheshire Hero. The latter got a com-
plete. tie-up. He was quite a novice, and bad net a
chance. Peter Crawley and the Chatham Caulker. The
latter.walkedsix and twenty miles to give his friend Jack a
turn.—a fact which the severity of his treatment by Peter
induced him to plead as an apology for his defects. Pick
(the Bristol youth) and Harry Jones; Young Dutch Sam
and Jens Raines; Jem Burn's Pupil from Hatfield and
Black Brerehes—a very manly and spirited display. Sheen
and Crayfor ; and, as a wind-up, Jesh Hudson and Jack
Litter. Josh showed the inevitable effects of good living,
being thick in the wind—hut Carter did not seem suffi-
ciently alive to take advantage of his opponent.
In the evening there were several sporting meetings.—
The first of any importance was that between
NED NEAL ANT) WHITE-HEADED Ben.--These men met
at Harry Holt's, in Cross-laue, Long-acre, and completed
their final deposit. A new alteration took place as to the
time of fighting. It was discovered that the 22d of April,
the day fixed, was in the week appointed for the New-
market Meeting; and as this circumstance might have
prevented many of the turf men from being present, 8010
proposed an adjournment for a week. Neal said a week
would make no difference to him; but if he acceded to
Bob's wishes, he considered that he was entitled to an equi-
valent ; or, in other words, that he should have the right
to name the place of meeting. Te this Bob at once agreed,
and it was therefore• arranged that the fight should stand
over to the 29th of April, instead of the 22d, and that
Neal ehould'have the right to say " where." Bob looked
well; kit although Neal had been out of town for several
weeks, he was too fat, and has much flesh to get off. As
the fight does not take place till the 29th of April, how-
ever, he has abundance of time to work down his super-
fluities. The betting on Neal is 40 to 20, and b 0 to 20.
He is also backed at even to win in 20 minutes, and to give
the first knock-down blow.
HARRY Jo.ties AND BILL SAVAGE.—The third deposit
for this fight was also made good last night, at the Hope,
in Blacknaoor-street, Drury-lane.
Boa CASTLES AND PADDY FLYNN.--These men made
their third deposit good on Monday night, at the Sun, in
Devereux.court. They settle their differences on the 2d
of April.
• DICK ACTON AND NICHOLLS. —The last deposit for this
affair will be made good this evening, at Harry Halt's.
Both men are hearty, and look anxiously for the 18th in-
stant, when the important question " Which is the best
man?" will be decided.

The following is a correct list of the Boxing Bill of Fare
for the coming two months :
March 11.---Larkins and Kelly, 10/. a side.
March 18.--Dick Acton and Jack Nicholls, 25/. a side.
March 25.—Harry Jones and Bill Savage, 251. a side.
April 2.—tob Castles and Paddy Flynn, £5/. a side.
April B.—Brown and Sampson, 2.50/. a side, half way
between Birmingham and Bridgenorth.
April B.—Piefinch and Young Gas, 100/. a side—ssme
ring.
April B.—Dobell mid Bailey, 100/. a side.
April 29.—Ned Neal and Baldwin, 250/. a side.
May 27.—Jem Ward and Carter, 501. a side.

The Spring Mackarel Fishery has commenced
if? Monnt's Bay. In the present week mackarel have been
fold in Penzance market at from 6d. to Sd. earls....-Exeter
Arfreff.

NEW BRUNSWICK THEATRE

CORONER'S ADJOURNED INQUEST.
(THIS 'DAY.)

• This being the appointed day for prosecuting the inquiry
into the causes of the calamity that befel the .ts'ew
Bruns-
wick Theatres M. THOMAS, Esq. and Jury assembled in
the Court-house, Wellclose-square, at 20 minutes past nine

Mr. Comyns attended as Counsel for the widow of the
late Mr. Maurice.

The names of the same Jury were called over, who were
all in attendance. The Coroner inquired if Every one of
them were present who had etttnded before ? Mr. Brown,
the c7erk, replied that they were.
CORONER.. —Gentlemen of the Jury, I am very much
obliged to you, indeed, for the extreme regularity of your
attendance. The Clerk will now be se good as to make
the proclamation upon each inquisition from the general
evidence, which will relate to the deaths of the whole eleven
persons.

The Clerk then read over the proclamation, calling upon
every one present, who could give evidence touching the
deaths, to conic forward- and he heard.
Mr. Conlyns.—Mr. Coroner, among the unfortunate
persons who have *lost their lives by this melancholy acci-
dent, one of them 1 see is of the name of Alaurice; he, I
dare say, as you have learned from the inquiry that Lis
already been before you,.was one of the proprietors of this
Theatre.

CORONER.-And do yon represent him ?
Mr. Comyns—Sir, 1 was going to say that 1 represent
the unfortunate widow of that deceased person.
CORONER.-Then the gentlemen of the Jury and my-
self, will be most happy to hear anything you can state on
the part of the relations of that deceased individual.
Mr. Comvns-1 have no doubt, Sir, that you, a, well
as the Jury have already learned that he was one of the
proprietors of this theatre, and that he, in common with
those other sufferers, has fallen a victim to the unfortunate
calamity that has happened to the building. His family,
therefore, with that of the other proprietor, of the name of
Carruthers, for I believe there were but two, have been
phtnged into the deepest possible distress—a calamity that
not only involves the persons of the individual sufferers, in
common with all the other sufferers, but the widow and
family of Mr. Maurice, as well as the family of Mr. Car-
ruthers, have been plunged into the utmost extreme of pe-
cuniary distress. The situation of Mr. Carruthers is very
lamentable ; because, though he has not met with the
same accident that his unfortunate co-partner has dose,
yet he is in a situation of mind as well as body which ren-
ders him totally unable at present to attend, which he has
been most anxious as far as it could be to do, to give every
possible information upon this inquest. The friends of the
deceased (Mr. Maurice) acting, as I am sure you will find
they have acted most correctly, as well as the friends of
Mr. Carruthers, by their joint advisers, have felt it their
duty to, come forward to this inquest, to lay before you,
Sir, and the Jury, all possible information as to the
causes of this unfortunate eilainity.[Here a little restlessness
at the learned Gentleman's observations being evinced
among theJuryd

The CORONER, said, Gentlemen of the Jury, the Learned
Counsel is informing us of something that he wishes to
submit to your and my consideration. lie is a very
Learned Counsel at the Bar, who is employed and engaged
on the part of the relations of the deceased, to see that
nothing is omitted in the inquiry in which we arc en-
gaged tending only to the elucidation of truth, and I trust
that you will agree with me in the propriety that lie should
be heard with all the attention that is due to that object.
Mr. Comyns—l feel greatly obliged to the Learned
Ceroner for the kind observatious he has made, and indeed
I would almost say, which he owes to the relations of the
deceased ; and also to the Jury for the attention I am re-
ceiving, who have to discharge a most painful duty, My
duty is very simple though painful, because there is nobody
who can be engaged in an inquiry like the present but
who must feel extreme pain on account of the very unfor-
tunate calamity that has happened. 'Without further epos
logy then, Sir, I was about to state, as my duty is but
simple, as my duty is merely to afford information on the
inquest, that 1 was endeavouring simply to come to the
statement of the facts which I have, on the part of the
deceased Mr, Maurice, and en the part of the surviving
proprietor, to lay before this inquest upon this occasion.
I was about to say, Sir, without stating what every per-
son must know, that from the calamitous situation in
which the relatives of the deceased are placed, they are in-
eapable of acting for themeelvesi, as it enust easily be sup-
posed, the event being of so recent a date, they must call
in the assistance of those who are best able to give them
advice. I was about to say, in which I think the learned
Coroner and Jury will agree with me, that the advice
given to the widow, and the friends of the surviving pro-
prietor, has been I will only say proper; I will say no
more than proper ; they felt that there was a great duty
which they owed to the public, because this is a public
calamity—a great duty they owed to the public,
calling upon them to lay before this inquest every
ciroutnstanee of this unfortunate event, therefore
they came forward with that feeling and desire
on the part of these nnfortnnate sufferers to give
that information, and the information, I apprehend, cannot
be better given than by saying before this inquest, under
the direction of the Learned Coroner, those facts which
will give a full and ample detail of the manner and con-
struction of the building; because the fall of the building
being the cause of the unfintunate death of so many indi-
viduals, and of the sufferings of many of the survivors, it
will be necessary that those facts should be detailed.
They are anxious to lay this information before the
inquest, and without at all considering what the con-
sequences may be, they feel it to be their duty
to do it--titey Owe it to the public, who have,
with that usual lively sympathy and benevolence, shown
that feeling such a calamity called for, and their friends
think they cannot better show the state of their feelings
than by coming forward on this public occasion, to lay
all the facts below the inquest. I shall therefore, with
the permission of the learned Coroner, merely state the
facts I am about to detail in evidence.
CORONER.—With great submission to the learned
Counsel, I think if lie would be kind enough to hand me
up the evidence of the witnesses he wishes to have called,
and to let the list lie before mc, in order that the officer
of the Court may call them in the order I shall suggest,
it will be the better way ; otherwise the proceeding will
assume a character of advocacy, which, perhaps, the
learned Counsel himself would think not quite regular.
Mr. Comyns—Sir, it was not my intention to go into
the details, I was merely going to give you the outline of
the facts ; but agreeably to your wick I shall proceed to give
you the names of my witnesses, and the first I will call
shall be Mr. Pound, the bricklayer.
Mr. Pound appeared on being called.
CORONER—Now, Gentlemen of the Jury, the Learned
Counsel has proposed to us that ws, should examine a wit-
ness whose name he has just repeated as the beginning of
our adjourned proceedings. lie must permit me to say
that I cannot permit that witness to be heard till one
fact is in evidence before you, which strikes my bumble
judgment u the first which ought to be proved—namely,
the character of the building, through the means of
the falling of which those unhappy deaths have arisen.
Whether it was a building of a private nature--or whe-
ther it was a building of a public nature--a messuage
in the language of the law, but in common parlance a
theatre, ought to be in evidence. If it was a theatre,
there roust have been a licence to perform within it music,
dancing, &c., of which as yet we have had uo evidence at
all, except common rumour, and which you and I mist
expel from our minds. But I have ordered the Clerk of
the Peace to be summoned, to produce certain records of
the Court of Quarter Sessions, to satisfy you whether a
licence was granted to this building under the Statute of
Geo. IL, as a theatre for the performance of music and
other entertainments; therefore, the first witness I shall
require to be called before you, shall be the Clerk of the
Peace of these hamlets and precincts.
D. H. Stable, Clerk of the Peace, was then called.
Mr. Stable—Mr. Coroner, before being sworn—.
CORONER--.Sir, I can hear nothing until you are sworn.
You come here to give your evidence on behalf of the King,
touching the deaths of those unfortunate individuals, and I
tender to you the oath upon which alone you can give
us any useful information, because without the sanction of
an oath the Jury could not sit here, nor could I act on
your statement.
Mr. Stable—My object, Sir, was merely to explain the
situation I hold. _

CORONER—But you had better be sworn first.—The
oath whs then administered to this witness.

Mr. Comyes—Do you produce a license for this place
from the Magistrates?
Witness—This is the license that was granted at the
Quarter Sessions, and signed by me.
CORONER—Were those the names of the several gentle-
men, whose names they purport to be ?—Yos they arc—
You know their handwriting ?—Decidedly ; and I saw
them sign it.

The licence granted at qv) Michaelmas QUilittf Stuivas

of the Peace, dated ISth of October, agteeably to
the statute of the ?..'sth year of George H. was then read.
The license was granted to Richard Carruthers and David
Sampson Maurice, proprietors, and signed by the Magis-
trates of the Pead,

M. COMyns—l 'propose, Sir, that we should show
the manner in which this building was erected.
Conoxrn—But we must draw a distinct line, and not
permit the Jury or myself to be mixed up with any wishes
of the parties representing the decealed individuals. We
etand here as concurring with no one in any given mode of
action : in any given mode of inquiry—we wish to arrive
at the truth by the shortest road.
Mr. eatnyns-Then; ivill Van allow me to make
one siiggestion? lam willing, and those on whose behalf
I appear arc most anxious, in whatever part we take, to
be entirely under the direction of the learned Coroner.
The only case to which I could assimilate this is that of
a bridge.
CpßoNr.ft—The authorities that the Learned Counsel
may give us may he invaluable, because hereafter they may
enable you to judge upon any point of law it may he my
duty to submit to you. When the Learned Counsel gives
us his opinion, it is entitled to our highest respect, but
in the end we must look to see ho that opinion is support-
ed by authority.
Mr. Comps—The ease I allude to is to be found in ~)(1
Hawkins's Pleas of the Crown, chap. 9.
Foreman of the Jury—The Gentlemen of the Jury wish
the Learned Counsel to speak louder.
CORONER-The Learned Counsel very properly felt
that he might suggest any thing to me, but that in this
stage of the proceeding., he had no right to address the
Jury. However, I will ask hies to be so good as to let his
voice go to your side of the Court, without attending to me.
at all.

Mr. Comyns—l was just saying that the only case to
which I could assimilate the present inquiry was, that of
a bridge where an accident happened by the bridge falling;
and the inquiry upon the inquest before the Coroner was
into the causes of the fall of that bridge ; se that the in-
quest would have to find whose duty it. was to repair the
bridge, to preserve it, and keep it in good condition for the
public safety. On looking into the books, as I have just
stated, I thought that the most apt instance by which I
could illustrate the present inquiry. The present
subject matter of inquiry being a building, it is
perhaps not of that great public nature that a highway or
thoroughfare is, but it certainly is of a great public na-
ture; it having been licensed, which the Learned Coroner
has now very properly had evidence of before him : setting
therefore at rest all question as to whether it was a build-
ing of a public nature or not, the two cases appear to
me very much to resemble each other. Then the inquest
was to enquire into the defects of the bridge, so that the
Coroner and Jury might return to the (hurt of Sessions
the causes of the accident. Under these circumstances, I
was taking the liberty of proposing to the Learned Coroner
to all persons, being entirely under the direction, however,
of the learned Coroner, because I hope there can be no
other feeling than to give to the public that which they
have a right to demand, and to give to the Jury every in-
formation that can lead to a just conclusion as to the causes
that led to the catastrophe; I was taking the liberty of
proposing to call, in the first instance, the bricklayer who
built the theatre, to show how it was erected, the state of
the walls, and under whose superinteudencetliey were reared.
CORONER—Gentlemen of the Jury, we have listened to
the conversation of the Learned Counsel, who has been re-
quested to attend here to watch the regularity of our pro-
ceedings, and to assist them in any proper way he could.
The observation I shall make in answer to that conversation
between the Learned Counsel and myself, is this-that it
being now in evidence before you, that those deceased per-
sons came to their deaths by the falling of this theatre,
the next step in the order of our enquiry should be, in my
opinion, to call witnesses to prevc that the eleven bodies of
which we have had a view, were the persons immolated in
those ruins, because that is not in evidence before you' yet,
to the best of my recollection.
Mr. Comyns—l really had thought that evidence had
been given in the part of the enquity that has already been
prosecuted.
CORONER-It has not.
Mr. Comyns—lndeed I thought it had. Then will you
allow me to call a witness for that purpose?
CORONER-The Jury and myself must be tenacious of
your being the instrument of marshalling the evidence
which the Jury are to receive, because they might subject
themselves to the imputation that the evidence was mar-
shalled by those who, by a very proper feeling, are sent
here by the relations of the deceased Mr. Maurice and Mr.
Carruthers. Other persons whose names and whose
characters may he implicated in these inquiries, would im-
pute it to the Jury, that the marshalling of the evidence
through that particular channel should not be permitted,
because they might say it was the Coroner's duty, and the
duty of the Jury under his control, to call the
witnesses in the order which they thought their consciences
but approved. I shall therefore ask the Learned Counsel
to permit me to take my own way, in the order I shall
pursue; and if I wish to satisfy myself respecting any
given fact being probable to be produced in evidence before
you, I might ask him whether I should be losing time by
calling a witness, lie having any that could more satisfac-
torily and more speedily elicit the point.
Mr. Comyns—l really had no other object in coming
here'to•day, than to pay the most implicit obedience to the
Learned Coroner, and to do all I could in laying the facts
before the Jury, which those on whose behalf I appear, are
merit anxious to do.

CORONER—Is there any witness in Court who can
prove to myself and the Jury that the body of David
Sampson Maurice was to his knowledge taken out of the
ruins ?
The following witness answered that he could.

J. T. Hain, Thomas-street,Whitechapel-road, an orna-
mental painter, sworn.--I was on the ruins first, with the
Rev. Mr. Smith, endeavouring to extricate the bodies of
both living and dead. I made inquiry as to Mr. Mau-
rice. This was about ten minutes to twelve. I was
called to look at a boot with a bit of black cloth trow-
sers attached to it. I went outside the door, and Mr.
Ballantyne asked me if I knew the boot. I replied in
the negative. I remained until the body was dug from
the ruins which covered it, and I also assisted in bring-
ing it here. It was the body of Mr. Maurice, and was
quite dead when taken from beneath the ruins. This
was on Thursday last, immediately after the building
had fallen. I ordered the men to remove the ruins from
off the body.
A Juror asked if it was necessary that he should be exa-
mined, as lie was an eye witness to what the former wit-
ness had already deposed to.

The CORONER thought there was sufficient evidence to
the fact of Mr. Maurice being taken from the ruins.
The CORONER then enquired if any person was present
who could speak as to the death of Edmond Gilbert.

Jas. T. saw Edmond Gilbert taken out. In
clearing away the rubbish under the prompt wing I found
a body ; at first I did not know whose it was, but I soon
discovered that it was Ned Gilbert. He was quite dead.
I also saw Mary Anne Fearon, and Mai y Anne Freeman,
dug out from tbo ruins, and several other bodies which I
.did not know at the time, though I have since learned
whose they were. When I saw the boot of Mr. Maurice it
was in Well-street. in the King's highway. The deposi-
tions were then read over to the witness and signed by him.
The CortoNita said that it appeared to him that the,.
ought to go one step farther ; a question of law might
arise as to whether the persons killed were found in the
ruins within the limit of the theatre, or whether they were
found on the King's highway, in Wen-street. He did
not say that this question would arise, but he thought they
ought to have evidence before them as to where the deaths
happened, and he would therefore recall the last witness.

J. T. Hain recalled— saw the body of Mary Ann
Fearon under the prompt wing, and Mary Ann Freeman
was close to her. The prompt wing is within the theatre.
Alexander Perry, 15, Cable-street, Wellclese-square,
sworn.—l am a baker. I was on the ruin, and saw the
body of Penfold bent down with the rubbish, and lying
across that of a live man. He was quite dead, and it was
past twelve o'clock before we got him extricated. No part
of his body was in the street, he was entirely within the
theatre.

The time occupied in drawing up the depositions, in
order that they might be signed by the witnesses, occasioned
a consideratic loss of time.

Samson Darking Campbell sworn.—l live at No. 3,
George-street, Hackney. I was under the prompter at the
theatre. Towards the close of the evening after the acci-
dent, the workmen were clearing the footpath opposite the
Star public-house, immediately across the flat of the cellar
of the public-house I saw the body of Joseph Levi taken
from out of the rubbish. I did not see the body of Levi
afterwards, and I subszquently heard. but I do not know
it ut Inv own knowledge, that the body I saw taken from
the rubbish has been since claimed as that of Joseph Levi.
He was quite a stranger to me. I also saw other bodies
taken from the ruins, but they have already been spoken
to by others.
George Cooper sworn—l live at No. 6, Edward-street,
King-eland-road, Shoreditch. I am a carman, and between
ten and eleven o'clock on Friday morning I was engaged in
when some carpenters told me that they knew there
was a body lying beneath the spiral staircase. They ae-
eordingly set to work there, and in about an hour after
brought out the body of Wipitra Loden There was but

one spiral staircase, which waS that leading 4o the dress
boxes. William Leader was quite dead. I knew Leader
when living.• He was a carpenter, and worked at the
Theatre. I believe he was killed by the falling of the
rfteatl'e; . .

William Price sworn---I live at No. 15, Grace's-al:ey,
•Well-street. lam a carpenter. About one o'clock on
Thursday I was one of those who assisted in removing the
rubbish from a body in the street. When the rubbish was
taken away I knew it to be the body of Robert Purdy.
'He was grate dead. The body was found in Well-street,
on the King's highway. Purdy tfas a I,lael!,,nnith. The
body was completely buried under the ruins; Wificb had
fallen into the street.
The CORONER now asked if there Was,any PersOn pre-
sent who saw either John Evans, Jesse Miiest or Alexander
William Davison, dug out of the ruins; but no one ap-
peared. The Cormier then requested that intimation
might be given that evidence was required as to that fact.
Mr. Comyns suggested that a public notice should be
posted on the ruins; which suggestion was agreed to, and
a bill was accordingly written for that purpose.
The CORONER, then addressed the Jury, and said that
they had now before them the fact that the building in
question was a theatre and a public building: They bad
also before them, the fact, that eight persons were killed by
the materials of that theatre falling upon them, and that
some of them were killed within the theatre, and some
in the street, upon the King's highway. The most
convenient course robe pursued non', was is enquire into
the natnre of the building, and into the causes which led
to the death of so many individuals. If the person who
built the theatre was in attendance, he called upon him, it
he thought proper to de so, to come forward and give any
explanation in his power as to the immediate cause of the
accident.

Mr. Comyns said, that having the facts stated by the
Coroner now before them, and particularly the depsition
as to the death of one individual having been occasioned
by the fall of the building, it was reasonable to conclude
that the same cause led to the death of all.
The Conon:a.—Draw no inferences if you please, Mr.
Comyns.
Mr. Cornyne.l stand here as the representative of a
person deceased, and I call on the inquest to hear the evi-
dence which I am prepared to lay before it. That person
is unable to represent himself, but as his representative I
call upon the inquest in the name of his surviving rela-
tives, to hear.--
CORONER.-And I call upon them, in the name of the
King, to inquire into the cause of the deaths of the de-
ceased.--,-In the name of the Xing, the father of his
people, who cares as much for the poorest life that is
lost, as he does for the wealthiest or most eminent.

Mr. Comytis.—Sir, I equally revere the name by
which you call, but I am bound both as a representative
of the deceased, and also as one of the public, to lay
before you, all the evidence which the relations have been
enabled to obtain, as to the causes which led to this me-
lancholy accident. He did not know what other course
could be pursued, than to lay before the inquest the evi-
dence he was prepared with.
The CORONEK.—I call;ipou the builder of the theatre
to come forward and give evidence.
Mr. Comyns—The builders of the theatre are many
persons. I call upon one of them to give evidence as far
as he knows. The person I call is named Pound. He is
the bricklayer who was employed upon the building. The
Learned Counsel then referred to the case he had before
alluded:to from Hawkins' pleas of the Crown, relative to
the fall of a bridge, where it was held that inquiry into
the nature of the building or of the repairs was most im-
portant for the Inquest, as the Jury had the power of
amercing the parties through whose carelessness or negli-
gence such a fatal occurrence happened.
Mr. George Pound, the bricklayer, who built the walls
of the Theatre, was then called and sworn.

Mr. Comyn was proceeding to examine the witness
when he was interrupted by
The CORONER, who said, that no person except himself
or the Jury had any right to interrogate the witness.
Mr. Comyn—l can assure both the Coroner and the
Jury, that nothing but the conscientious feeling that it
was my duty on behalf of the relations of the de-
ceased Mr. Maurice, to lay before the inquest all
the information in their power, could induce me
to pursue the course which has been thought irregular ; and
perhaps I could now have acquiesced in the suggestion
made by the Coroner, if I had not before me a precedent
for my interference. Every one will recollect the melancholy
occurrence that took place upon the death of the late Queen,
when several persons came by their death ; an inquest was
then held on the bodies of the sufferers before Mr. Stirling,
one of the Coroners of the county of Middlesex—a gentle-
man 'of the most extended experience in the duties of his
office. The enquiry then was as to the cause of the death of
some persons who were killed in an affray between the military
and the.mob which had assembled en that occasion. I remem-
ber that a Learned Counsel attended the Coroner's Inquest on
behalf of the officers and soldiers, who were sup-
posed to be the cause of the death of the parties ;
I remember well that a Learned Counsel then ap-
peared on the part of the person supposed to have occasioned
the deaths, not for one day, but for many days—Ate called
all the witnesses, which lie felt it his duty to examine in
exculpation of his clients. I certainly, Sir, do not recollect
any other precedent from which it. could appear that any
legal gentleman,or indeed any other person represented, either
the accused or the dead, by interrupting the proceedings,
so far as to assist in the enquiry which had brought the In-
quest together. I am sure, continued theLearnedGentleman,
that no one can be more anxious than I am, from inclination,
as well as from every principle of duty, to respect the
judge by whose determination I must be bound. But
representing, as I do, one of the deceased parties, in order
that this inquest might be better assisted in its inquiring
into the causes and effect of the late dreadful calamity, I can
have no doubt as to tie propriety of following the prece-
dent I have just cited. I can also see another reason—
namely, the great convenience that must result from such a
course. Neither the Coroner or the Jury now assembled
can by possibility know any of the facts ; indeed no person
can he acquainted with them but the persons who bring
the witnesses forward to give evidence between the King
and his subjects. As a proceeding, therefore, both useful
and convenient, I submit to the Coroner that the 'iiitirtiOpe
ought in the first instance to be interrogated by the advo::.'
cute of the parties. This was the only mode of 'cirri-
ducting a legitimate enquiry. It was the rule that
governed all legal proceedings.
The Coeoe Eft—Gentlemen, when the Learned Counsel,
for whose great learning I have the highest respect, inter-
rupted me, I was about to inform you that the situation
of Judge, sitting here as I do, is one of complicated diffi-
culty and embarrassment. It is my duty to state to you
what I think to be the law as applicable to this inquest,
and if I am wrong, most ready shall I be to acknowledge
my error and redress my mistake. I sit here, Gentlemen,
to inquire with you into the cause of the death of certain
of his Majesty's subjects, therefint I call in the King's
name upon all persons who can give any evidence
touching the cause of the death of the deceased
to come forward and give that evidence to you. It is
then my duty, Gentlemen, to ask those witnesses as they
cone, up, to tell their impressions as to the causes, as far as
they know. If I find them, Gentlemen, concealing any
thing, if, will be my duty then to put such questions to
them, in the King's name, as I think are calculated to
elicit the truth. The learned Counsel has cited a prece-
dent, and I am bound, as well as every one sitting in this
chair must be, by precedents—to act otherwise, would be
to introduce the most mischievous innovations. It would
be to nncettle the law itself and leave the subjects of this realm
at the discretion of a Judge. The precedent, however, now
quoted is so very isolated an instance, that I cannot bring
myself to subscribe to it. With the greatest possible re-
spect for the Learned Coroner who presided upon the oc-
casion alluded to, I do feel that I would be giving to this
Inquest a character which it ought not by any means to
assume, if I allowed the advocates, either of the accused
or of the deceased, to take a leading part in this enquiry.
I would put it to the Learned Counsel whether the better
course would not he this,—if he should find that
the truth, and the whole truth, has not been
extracted front any one of the witnesses, or tint
Ido not put such questions as are calculated to elicit the
whole truth, or that the witness does Not give such an-
swers as convey the whole troth to the Jury, then that the
Learned Counsel would be kind enough to suggest any
thing which he may think likely to forward the ends of
justice.
Mr. Comyns—l beg pardon for one moment. It has
been just mentioned to me, that the same course which I
wish to pursue, had been allowed upon the inquest on the
body of Lord Ffrench, who committed suicide in Dublin in
1811. Ido not myself know this fact, but as it has been
mentioned to me, I thought it right to put the Coroner in
possession of it.
The CORONER-..-1 would ask the Learned Counsel in
, consideration to you, Gentlemen that he will permit
us to pursue this enquiry in the way in which we wish,
and I assure him and you that I will this very night for-
ward a letter to my learned High Steward to ask his ad-
vice. If he should think that I ought to persevere in my
own view, I shall of course do so, if on the other band he
should say that I am mistaken, I will then readily acknow-
ledge my error ; or if upon cool reflection this evening,after
looking into the authorities, I find myself mistaken,
I will alter my mode of proceeding. It is due from
the Muck Cnntiosnan to Admit tbd ths duty of o Coroner

M ~r~"~'

is
i one 01 a Very- nmplicatc4. sits to inquire
how the subjects of his Majesty came ddath. His
Majesty, as the father of his people, has a right to deurtnd
such an inquiry—and 1, in conducting it, must not be led
away by the representations of any interested party.
'Lie el.aroinAlftt of the witness, Mr. Pound, was then
resumed,
Mr. Pound said, 1 live di kaffe'tiel-:Place, North
Road, Hoxton, in the county of Middleset. lam a brick-
layer. When the walls of the theatre were up to the
under side of the roof, they were perfectly safe to receive
the roof. They were quite upright, and I bad nothing
forther tpat,:joot;lo withn eno)f morectlielarkn erecting
the the
ihe
works. After the ttiof tt!re'!.. apt
Toon;
orth,eprie.R7ss, athgarteaitt
tached
caused
most satisfactory
a Ts weightsheh hat
tt4t'P.ll,!st:ttellO9'uretc?kotiogr. accident.
questionsfiovrucll,kt b e.s permitted to ih e
witness, when Mr. Cornyirl st4gEres`ted, chat, as representa-
tcloiovuTeerxhso'etefmNtC%hio°'eeUßfliililC'eebnle:Nßl:fio‘to'rn'faelstisli:;firi odrtsipe:cei'nexia'asmemdtiiieattltlhiwitness first. In
answer to the Coroner the witness said—l was employed
to build the walls of the theatre by the deceased Mr. Mau-
rice and Mr. Carruthers. I acted as I was ordered by the
architects. I received no written orders from Messrs.
Maurice and Carruthers. 1 went for orders to
the architect, and to the clerk or the itorts. Mr.
Stedritin Whitwell spas the architect or surveyor,
and Mr. Edward tiba‘v was'' tire clerk of the works.
I began building the theatre on the Qd of August last.
There was a paper containing a specification of my depart-
ment of the work shown to me by Mr. Maurice before the
building commenced. I returned it to him next day, after
affixing the price of the work in figures to the paper. I
never saw the paper since, but conformed myself to that
specification. I looked to Mr. Maurice and Mr. Carruthers
for my money, but had no written agreement with
them. Ido not remember having said I ever gave
the specification to Mr. Whitwcll. 1 never saw it in Mr.
Whitwell's possession, but I saw it in Mr. Pulford's. 1
finished my part of the building of the Theatre about
Christmas last, I can't state the precise day. The parapet
was then finished as well as the walls. There was a great
mass of brick-work erected after wards within the area of the
interior walls. The walls were fit to receive the roof in
the month of September last.
The Comaxxa was about to put some question respect-
ing the contents of the specification, when
Mr. Comvns suggested, that no parole evidence could be
taken, as the contract was in writing, and might be
produced.

The Coaomt acquiesced in this suggestion, and sent
for Mr. Pulford, who was stated to have the writing al-
luded to in his possession.
The witness was then examined by the COlitiNtitoil
other points. He said, Mr. Shaw and Mr. Whitwell
superintended the building. Mr. Shaw was always
over me. He was never absent for a single day whilst
the building was going on. Mr. Whitwell came three
or four times Y weak to see how the work was going
on. He used to go round the building and survey the
walls from the scaffolding. I have been a btleklayer all
my life. lam 42 years of age. Mr. \Vhitwell paid the
same attention to the building, whilst I was engaged on it,
as architects generally do. Mr. Whitwell paid that atten-
tion to the building which would have satisfied me, if I
had employed him. I was there myself night and day, and
he came constantly to survey the WOlliS.
CORONER—Gentlemen of the Jury, I hove this moment
received a letter from Mr., Whitwell, addiesstd to myself,
which I will read to you.—

" Wednesday morning.
Sir—On my road to the inquest I have been informed
that Counsel have been permitted to examine, &c., the
witnesses on behalf of some of the parties interested. As
I have made no preparation for any assistance of this nature
I feel obliged to defer presenting myself before the Jury
for a very short time, that I may repair my omission by
endeavouring to procure instantly a similar representation ;
I shall not lose, however, a moment is furthering and as-
sisting the investigation by every means in my power.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your most obedient humble Servant,
STEDMAN WHITWELL.

Therefore you see the course I have taken is one which,
if I had not taken, might have been objectionable to Mr.
Whitwell, and other persons interested. I rejoice that he,
and perhaps others, are to be similarly represented with
those for whom Mr. Corny'', appears, because then 1 shall
he relieved from all responsibility. When we have the
legal assistance of an advocate for all parties interested, we
can then steer• our way clearly.
Examination of Pound restrrned.—The clerk of the
works had a plan of the building which he kept in his
counting-house. I received my instructions from him.—
There was a ground plan, and a plan of the elevation of
the building. I used to have orders for the thickness of
the walls, from the clerk of the works. I might have
seen some plan or drawing showing the thickness of the
walls, but I don't remember it. I will not
swear that I had never seen such a plan. It is usual
before any building is commenced to make a drawing,
which shows the thickness of the walls and other matters
connected with the building. In point of fact, every brick
that is laid down must be according to the plan or draw-
ing. Those plans or drawings are laid down according
to a graduated scale which appears on then'. I believe
such plans were made before the building of the new
Brunswick Theatre. Those drawings and plans are
usually made in duplicate. The clerk of the works gene-
rally keeps the working plan, and the surveyor or
parties keep the original. I never saw any thing
but a working plan of the Brunswick Theatre. Whea the
roof of the theatre was on, and some of the slates on, the
district surveyor saw the walls, anti expressed himself
perfectly satisfied. I plumbed the walls in September,
when they were slating the roof : they were perfectly up-
right, as perpendicular as before the roof was put en. I
subsequently looked at the walls, and can state that they
were perfectly upright up to the day when the district
surveyor inspected them. 'This was the day the license
was granted. I cannot state the fact from my own
knowledge, but I understand that to he the case.—
J. must state that I was not with the district surveyor
iiiio.daythe Theatre was licensed. The District Surveyor,
however, frequently inspected the work whilst the walls
were erecting. Mr. Goff is the District Surveyor. lie
generally came and looked at the works three or four times
a week., After the 'roof was put on a great weight was
attached to'it. There was the machinery of the flies and
the workshop over the Theatre. I was never up in the
flies ; it was not my business. The workshop was used
for preparing the scenery. This I could see from the
gallery. There were two girders strapped up to the roof.
The end of the girders was strapped rip to the roof, and
ran into the walls ; the girders were of very slight scant-
ling; they carried the floor of the carpenters shop, and
were supported by two iron rods carried to the roof ; each
end of the girders had 1 bearing in the walls ; those gir-
ders were put in the green walls a short time before the
accident ; 1 have seen them so far as this ; I was
carrying up my air flew and I saw those girders in
the walls. The heavy weight of machinery for the
flies was at the end of the building, which I understand
first fell. I sass' the building standing on the Saturday,
and saw it in ruins on Friday last.

At this period of the proceedings the Coroner stated
that he was about to retire for a few minutes, and that if
the Jury choose they might take advantage of his absence,
and retire also.

Mr. Comyn wished to inquire whether the Coroner
would appoint a certain time for the proceedings to close
every day. It was quite clear the investigation could not
conclude this day. Indeed, from the nature and progress
of the investigation, it bid fair to rival the trial of Warren
Hastings in duration. At all events, there was a certain
time when nature became exhausted, and therefore some
limit should be fixed fur the commencement and termina-
of the proceedings.
The CORONER thought that from nine o'clock to five in
the evening was as long as the Court could conveniently
sit; but he wished to consult 'entirely the wishes of the
Jury.
Mr. Cemyn thought eight hours was as long as the
Court could continue to sit, consistent with what was due
to public justice. It was for, the Coroner, however, him--
self, to fix a time ; he was the Judge of the Court, and the
question was solely for his consideration.
The CORONER said, that when twenty-one respecta_
blc gentlemen were summoned, he considered it his duty
to consult their convenience in every instance in preference
to his own.
After the Jury deliberated together fora short time, the
Foreman stated that they were unanimously of opinion that
eight boors a-day was as long as they could, and that the
most convenient hours were those suggested by the Co-
roner, from nine in the morning until five in the evening.
The Coaewra observed that the Quarter Sessions com-
menced to-morrow morning, and as the Court would be
occupied by the Magistrates, he feared the Inquest must
adjourn over to-morrow. However, this was a matter
which the Jury might consider amongst themselves.
The Coroner and some of the Jury the* retired for a
few minutes.
On the Coroner and Jury returning into Court,
The CORONER addressed the Jury to the following
effect ;sen Oentletnent in COnlecintLlCV 9f your repot, that

'.;:t CT

I should riroune the m,..si-tespe,talaT2 sure are
this unfortunate place. T had fue..hunottx of adaressing
letter to his Grace the Duke of WelliPstv, the Constat)...,
of the Tower of London, to request that !iv would he gra.:
fltlsoil to cause your wishes to be cill-i.rytlie,d
anti I shall 1t1,T7 have the honour of reading- hi:,
letter in answer

with March,2e.
Sir,-1 have this eveniitg• .eseeived your- ktter,
have accordingly applied to Aft. Secretary Peel, to gire.
direction ft,r,.'he attendance upon you of two of the archi-
tects employed ntlf:er the Surveyor-General of thr Board
of Works. I have tilt Irmlour to be,
" Your obedient, Nimble Servant, •
\YELLIN GT ON.
Therefore, iwcore you go gentletriVi's we will have eurne
arranements made, as to where these' gentlemen whose
time is most valuable to the public can ateitti upon,you.
and give you titeir opinion as to the erection e. this build-
ing. Whether you shall think that Saturday w;11 be the
most convenient time for their attendance, they bt'utg
to
survey the building in the intermediate time, frill be .ft'r
you fc sad.•
Foreman of the Jury.—Though it has been our most
anxio:ts wish that Mt:thing should be gone into, and kept
tip SS closely Its possible, sit Saturday would interfere very
much with butines;:, we being ;11 men of busimss. At the
same time we hashlg this duty thrown upon us, we feel

more preorl3,o.,onugeeodh:i
honored to dischargeit.
Conosith—What time is it likely the business 01 the
Mr. Staple, Crerk of the
Sessions wilfslie got throlol to-morrow Y
Peace—l should tlitilt that tlyr.
business would not oecupy more than twn hours.
CORON I:11 -----I understand that the prtb/icans will attet
to-morrow for the rc,-tiewal of their licences, and %Vn:c,'
precincts, you will have tliCgo
will probabYy cause the businco of the Scstions to he rather.'
atrvacTrylloissttoiln,(ll;u.ehetcies
aontiricdvelt.,,obuirii:esciilinint,rd, ybhoyat.:_ieua geb,a,e.
to prove it, that the necessary steps may be taken,
is
odness to firing forward.
kttwillei'esiltilteeospi fnpr
ese
As this will make it rather a heavy sessions, and as it is
extremely desirable that we s',,ould not hiose time its tha
prosecution of this inquiry, suppo:;e we say we will !TINE*
1 to-morrow at three, and continue the inquiry till site.
1 After a few more observations, it was decided that the
inquest should be resumed to-morrow at two o'cloclz, ant;
and contince tilt eight in the evening.
ConoN Ea.-Gentlemen, 1 shall now, if ou: please, ask

you to be kind enough to put such questions to this witneas
as yon may think will elicit important answers in the pro-
secution of tnith. You will, however, net as him an 7
thing bearing on what is to be ptoved by a written instru
ment about to be produced, because you uuderstand
that instrument is nut in Court, bait thilf we have sera fl
the gentleman who has it, and it is expected to be bete ii;'
half:past three o'clock.
Exatnination of the witness reiuwed.
Br d Jimlr--,tlic walls were safe in my own opinion, J.,
fir as I eatried thetn, end were safe when I left them. F
took the thickness of the walls from the survey gi-Ten
me by the clerk of the works.
[Sir Richard Birnie here enttred the Court.]
The walls were never built to cony a great
under the roof. The weight hung to the reef-
was. tremendous, hut I cannot tell what the a eight
was ; I am certain the walls would have, stozai A,LT
a century if it had not IR.-2-11 for the weight hung to the :vol.,
1 never saw the paper again ivhich we are waiting fur ; I did
not work according to that papet, but I worked according
to the directions of the Clerk of the Works. That paper
related to prices. Witness left it at Mr. M.'e i:otintiog-linute
and Mr. Whitwell never showed it rue afterwards. I never

took a copy of that paper. I worked by ineastife, and only
put down the price. I was to work by the dire.niuu
the architect of the workF, or of his c;:erk, and Lad no
written direction. I worked by inuasurc, at a aiven pric4.

•
Mr.
Co n
importance. i y n
po herert
ue I
said thatt a
i es
from received l
ei
\r, pui
eda lettero
was which
great
r
with the permission of the Court, be would read it. The.
Learned Counsel then read the letter which was to the effect,.
that he had just teceived a message requiring him to produce
the specification, which avast, however, at his house in Clare-
mont-square, Peutonville, whither he would send for it,
and also for any other papers which might be ris
and he would come himself in person as soon as the enquiry
at the place he was then at should be concluded.
A message was immediately send in reply, requesting
that Mr. Pulsford would be kind enough to send ial7llC-
d iately for the papers.
Examination resumed—l examined the building on Sa-
turday, and looked at the walls externalla They v..ere
perfectly upright, and ell appeared to be petafeetly saw
They were thin walls, only two bricks and a halt'. tbiek.
I plumbed the walls when the roof was put on, but :set
afterwards. The parapet was sonic places two, and' in
others three bricks thick. The portico was a 'great
weight, haviny no support from the street by means of
pillars, but I can form no opinion as to whether
it had any effect in bringing down the building. It was
solely supported by the wall and the piers, and sustaioe
by iron cand.:lievets let into the building- The front wait
was two bricks and a half thick up to the top. The walls
upon each side of the building were of the same thickaest,
except that next to Mr. Jones'e, the blacksmith's, whicl,
was four bricks when we came to it, and we continued it un
three bricks to the bond timbers, after which we reduced it
The bricks used in the building were stocks. Thronglunta
the building stock-bricks were used, except the old bricks-,
Those unfit for use we threw aside, amounting to 6,000, awl.
were taken away as rubbish. No bricks of inferior qualit,:a
were used,—nothing but sound stocks. I had not
all picked stocks, but common stocks, at the price of
thirty-four shillings in the field, per thousand, which
is a tip top prier. There- were no bits amongst them.
'The 'porter used the in the building was made of grey.
stone lime, procured front the Medway Company. 7 had
sharp sand to mix with it. I don't know the proportion in
which they were mixed. The mutter was worked up in
a slug-mill. The brick-work under the roof was as dry as
it possibly could be expecte in the time (which was two
months), before the roof was put em. It was a bad season
of the year after the roof was on for 'porter to set. The
walls were perfectly well cemented. There were font
courses of cement round the top of the building.—
No old bats were used, they were all carted
away; the lower walls of the thcat,o were also•
worked in Roman cement up to the pavement ; they were
throughly set and dug, as we built on the old foundation,
and a famous foundation it was ; this applies to the back
and front walls, the side walls were not built in cement
because they had nut been pulled down below the surface.
We began to build on them at the level of the pavement ,
large spaces were left in the front walls ; the theatre was
built with piers and openings between them in t 1 front ;
the piers were three feet wide by two bricks and a half ;
I think that they were from twenty to thirty feet

high, and extended from the portico to the un-
der side of the pediment, and were covered over with.
Yorkshire stone four• inches thick. The stones were.
cramped iu with iron bars and lead in the centre of the
piers, and a dead arch was turned over each I )pcning ; the
arches were worked with mortar.

la answer to a Juror—l have been on the ruins since;
the theatre fell down ; the causes of the mortar not ad,
hofertinhge
steoasthoen borfictlihsen,.%wr,arael,iin raelso the great shake ; they opinion, in conseqm nee
bricks appar to be clean from mortar ; the parapets were,
taken up during a hard frost, which shook all she joints;
there were besides timbers every four feet, as far as the
piers and openings extended. The chain-bond weht right
round with au angle-tic in east corner. There was brick
or brick and a half brick-work built up in most the pier,.
se of injuries received 1.,,
Small window holes were left in seine of the piers. 1.
don't know whether the bond timbers were ever cut away.
tell, but he is ill in
never absent from the build-
roof. My opinion
o dryf
re-
spectingttrtihhn: build-
ing fallLfuotoir:teliodml Hospital,tfohiatitelihilev:ritSashit ele ol
t .eet.tol
the
Spencer)
pelceetoe:hiniceVseaseertirlt'neleei:e:n'
taking
eel'.br carried
dt
tits endinthe season of the
year, and every thing into consideration is, that they were
perfectly safe, the bricks were dry, and the lime was hut..
I said before, that there were frost and wet weather dur
in; the erection of the parapets, all the other walls were
to do with binding the building. lam still of opiniosi,
weather. September last.Th The
externalTh epa wallsraet e had'3.erenfio trili:inl'i
that the weight of the flies, Sc. was the cause of the fall—
ing down of the Theatre. I always thought that the
depending of these weights to the root of the Theatre,
would greatly endanger the building. I never expressed
that apprehension to any one connected with the theatre,‘
or to any persona whatever. I never troubled my head
about it, because it was net my busincse ; I bad 11,.tisii g
to do with the roof; I did not abstaiir front t.enti :::ng
it, from my fear that it might injure myself if it were ge-
nerally known ; I erected the whole of the briek-worl; oc
the interior of the building, as well as of the outside; the
passage leading to the gal!cry vas of brick-work t the
steps leading to the gallery were supported by it,
and both the gallery and boxes were supported by piers
and had no bearing on the external. The interior fittings
of the Theatre were independent of the walls.

carried on the baAiness of a printer in Fenchurch-atto..t.
Comyn—The late Mr.
andEx:lmr.inCeadrriulthel:lsris a patent manufacturer of fluid f r
axletrees, in Gracechurch-street. I cannot t&l
t',e height of the outer wails. They were, perhap,6 a';uut
aeTenty feet high, hum the paN'emeut to the top ut the

SIP SPIRIT °:e TEtt rulLic JOURNALS

The praceeffings in the repeal of the Test and
Corporation Acts are prompt, but orderly. The
epect was That night agreed to. A Bill was afterwards
brought in, and read a first time: it will be read a
second time next Friday week withont opposition;
and the debate will take place when the Bill is com•
on Monday week.—Timcs•
There appears in another part of the paper " An
extract from the Journal of an English Officer,
serving in the Greek fleet, giving an account of the
;ate operations." The operations, however, being
those of Lord Cochrane only, with a few Greek
vesscls of feeble armament, and employed in efforts
Taitc (Iw-uric-AI gni insignificant, when compared
eeith those in the Bay of Navarin, which have so
4tely roused the attention of all Europe, are hardly
entitled to notice. How provoking is it that a
far-famed seaman, like Lord Cochrane, should have
thus been condemned to trifle as it were with a dis-
Atiff, when scenes so well worthy of a hero's prowess
, xon acting almost under his eye! What a grievous
-'low to the marine of England was the sentence
*hich expelled this powerful warrior from his Sove-
reign's favour, and from a country which beholds
Mtn. with pi!y and regret—we might almost add,
Alt some yearnings of compunction.—lbid.
Mr. Wilmot Horton, in calling the attention of
slid!' House to the subject of Emigration, adverted
mare than once in the outset to the apathy enter-
tained by Members with regard to a subject of the
greatest national importance, Milton consoled him-
self with the idea that he should " fit audience find
though few," and Mr. W. Horton ought to bear in
uiin t, that Philosophical Lectures on the subject of
Redundant Population and Emigration are not
likely to be to the•taste of a multitude, taken either
from St. James's or St. Giles's. The extraordinary
effort, in the way of attention, bestowed on the late
Ministerial exiitanations, which let in such a flood
4 valuable light un the House, may well atone for
an indifference on the part of the many, to subjects
which merely concern the well-being of the people
for the rest of the Session. The propositions with
which Mr. W. Horton started will be readily admit-
ted by all who have paid any attention to this sub-
ject, " that it is established by thelaboars of the Em-
igration Committee, that there is a re undint popu-
lation in this country—a redundancy of able-bodied
and active labourers, with their fam..ies, for whose
labours there is no effective demand in either Ireland,
Scotland, or England; that the effect of this redun-
dancy is to reduce the wages of the labourer much
below the proper level, and to produce destitution
and misery amongst great masses of the poor ; and
the labourer, for whose labour no real demand
existed, consumed more than he produced; and
consequently, not onlv added nothing to the means
41 the community, -but decreased the national
wealth." A number of other mischievous effects
flow from this state of things. When labour is
without its reward, industry and exertion remain
without any adequate stimulus, and the demoraliza-
tion of the lower classes becomes inevitable. There
are but two conceivable motives for labour—the hope
of reward, and the application of the whip ; and when
(khe former is withdrawn, the latter must take its
place. That it would be beneficial to the suffering
individuals to be removed to another country, where
they could turn their labour to account, and that it
• would be beneficial to the community to be freed
from its redundancy, may safely be admitted.
But here we. are met by a difficulty. We may
benefit individuals by removing them to another
country, and thereby incur a heavy expellee, with-
out benefiting this country by diminishing the
redundancy, because the redundancy may be fed
by sources more abundant than the drain
by emigration. Mr. W. Horton admitted that
_ _ .

no issue of money, should be made for the purpose
of removing emigrants, until plans should be sug-
gested to prevent the tilling up of the vacuum pro-
!" duced by emigration. Unless measures were taken
upon a principle and system to prevent the recur-
rence of a redundant population, all plans and efforts
to relieve the labouring classes by emigration would
be frustrated." Here, then, before we proceed
further, we must see what the plans are for prevent-
sag the recurrence of a redundant population. But
heee unfortunately, Mr. Wilmot Horton was unsatis-
factory. He was exceedingly full and satisfactory
on that part of the subject respecting which there
isthe least difficulty—that of the redundant popula-
tion and its effects. In saying this, we by no means
wish to detract from his merits. The zeal which he
has displayed in obtaining such evidence of the real
state and condition of the population, front the dis-
Rroportion between their numbers and the em-
ployment for them, as might silence all cavil on
this head, in endeavouring to ascertain in what
manner emigrants can be most advantageously
located in our Colonies, with a view to their
Own comfort, and the future benefit of the Mother
Country-, and the pains he has taken to reuno'Ve;.
as far as he possibly could, the obstacles opposed
by our Colonial system to beneficial plans of colo-
nization, entitle him to the warm gratitude of the
country. When we consider how seldom public
men in this country have done more in the sway of
discharge of duty than what they could not avoid
doing to retain their situations, we are naturally the
more struck et•ith the spirited exertions of Mr. Hor-
ton; and entertaining this opinion of him, it would
be pitiful in us not to avow it, for of all eorts of illibe-
rality, that which would is itbhold from public men
the meed of approbation to which their labours en-
title them, is the most unpardonable. is as
impolitic as it is unjust ; for if censure deters from
deviation from duty, deserved praise must stimulate
to a contitittance of the exertions- which obtained it,
and stir up others to follow the example. It is ob-
served by Dr. Priestley, that "it is happy for the
cause of truth, as well as other valuable purposes,
:that man is mortal : and that while the species con-
tinues, the individuals go off the stage. For other-
wise the whole species would soon arrive at its
maximum in all improvements, as individuals
now do." If this proposition be true in general, it
is more particularly true with regard to the House
of Commons ; for the young men in that house arc
Evidently of a more laborious cast, and have taken
more pains to prepare themselves for the adequate
discharge of their ditties than the generation about
to quit the stites....,,The most besettinz sin of the
old generation as the inability to analyse.; and hence
they are constantly de-ill. ing in generalities, which when
examined are often elate'. wi thou t meaning or pregnant
with absurdity. Mr.Wilinot Horton, as we have already
observed, states distinctly, that " the people of Eng-
land were now sensible that the constant influx of
Irish paupers into their country was rapidly reduc-
ing the condition of.the English labourers to a state
as bad as that of the poor of Ireland. He had never
heard any remedy proposed for this evil, but the pal-
liative of the Sub-letting Act. But if the surrepti-
tious tenantry were removed from an Irish estate,
the question was, what was to become of them."
But then, having stated the evil in Its. fullest extent,
the next point jp, to lay down a scheme which shall
effect the freeing the country from the existing re-
dundancy, and secure it from a recurrence of the
mischief. But here Mr. Wilmot's.heart evidently
failed him. "He thought if the practice of letting
land adopted in this country were extended to Ire-
land, it would in a great 'avec tend to prevent the
too great increase of the feipulation. He looked
more to the increased intelligence and information
which had been acquired by Irish proprietors upon
this subject, than to any otheri remedy." But this
is not grappling
criaro Ji ,o-
with the ev_ The parts of Eng-
land which are now oppressed with
ith a redundant
in em
pulation will not be ,at any ex
them, till some measure be adopted for preventing
the -- filled • Now, among the
an improve-
measi
it to birth
another, a
some way,
be defend-
of cottage
the home
our great

men'
(whdisci
by vi
ed

rent
pop'

,1 , '

towns. At present London, 'to which the peasantry
from the Home Counties used to emigrate, is closed
to them, from the numbers of necessitous Irish
willing to work on lower terms than they can
obtain without working from the parish. No
country can be in a sound state, in which the
towns clo not afford a drain for the rustic popu-
lation. Restrictions on marriage will hardly keep
down a rustic population, without the aid of towns,
the habits of which are nut favourable to the increase
of the species. Ireland then is the sore place in
the political system, for England cannot be freed
from redundancy till the population of Ireland fall to
the level of the population of this country. Here
the people of England are deeply interested,
and they ought to force public men to propose that
for their relief which they at present dare not pro-
pose. Ireland ought to be placed on a level with
England with respect to her poor; and that would
give tIC people of this country some security against
the blind avarice of the Irish Landholders. We pro-
test against a shilling being laid out till either land
in Ireland be charged with the poor, or some other
measure equally efficacious be resorted to.—Morn-
ing Chronicle.
By a late Parliamentary statement, it appeared
that 8,000,000/. of Exchequer Bills were Funded
fast year, the Stock created in respect of such fund-
ing amounted to 8,560,000/. Thus a debt repre-
sented by Exchequer Bills or Promissory Notes was
got out of sight to the amount of 8,000,000/. ; but
another debt to the amount of 8,560,0001. was en-
tered in the Bank of England books to the credit
of 325 persons. The Bank of England for the
transaction charged 3,2001. We wish that Mr.
Hume would move for an account of the Annuities
entered to the credit of the aforesaid 325 persons—
whether 3,31 t., •or 4 per Cent. Annuities ? The
funding of these Exchequer Bills may. be called
raising money by a Loan—and, in this instance, it
amounts to this, that, for 8,000,000/. of cash re-
ceived, the nation incurs a debt for 8,560,000/.
" Financial operation!" What would a man's cre-
ditors in common life say, after he had become bank-
rupt, if they found out that for every 800/. lent to
him he had given a bond for 8561. payable with in-
terest on the 8561. ?—Morning Herald.
Mr. Brougham's speech has done wonders ; it
has set men thinking about the objects and ends of
law; it has destroyed a prodigious number of foolish
prejudices in favour of our English system, and has
shown that all its complication and perplexed ma-
chinery (encouraged by those who make a profit out
of the inaccessibleness and unintelligibility of our
law proceedings) serve only to defeat the very pur-
poses of law, which ought to be truth and justice.
But law and justice, in this country, are frequently
as unlike one. another as knavery and honesty ; for
law is the very instrument by which, too often, in-
justice is dune, and justice defeated. We %wish Mr.
Brougham, who understands the matter thoroughly,
had preached a few simple principles. He might
have said :—" The objects of law are threefold.—
' Ist. To secure to you the rights you have.
2dly. To prevent your interfering with the
rights of others; and, 3dly, To restore to you
the rights you have lost ;—and good laws
should attain these grand objects by the sim-
plest and most efficacious means. They should•im-
pose no unnecessary expence; they should sanction
no unnecessary delay; they should inflict no unne-
cessary annoyance; they should be alike within the
reach of the rich and the poor—and especially of the
poor, whose sole inheritance, whose sole privilege,
is protection against the wrongs with which the
powerful may visit them." We suspect there are
but too many details of law proceedings which will
not bear the tests we have suggested. Instead of
promptitude, " the law's delay"—its lingering, list-
less delay ; instead of cheapness, its costly luxury;
instead of simplicity, its infinite mazes of mystifica-
tions. These may approve themselves to those who
profit by them ; but we suspect the bubble which
has been blown by lawyers, and puffed about them
" in middle air," is about to burst, and that the de-
mand for a better and wiser state of things will, ere
long, be irresistible. The lawyers are crying out for
their monopoly, just as. other monopolists have done
before them ; but we trust the public will be thought

Nothing of importance took place in the House
of Lords last night. The principal business of the
evening in the Commons was Mr. Wilmot Horton's
motion on emigration to Canada. We shall have a
better opportunity of discussing the merits of the
Bills when they come before us in a printed shape.
The object of emigration is to carry the superfluity
of population from a densely inhabited, to supply the
demand for labour in a thinly peopled country. Its
ultimate effect is similar to that prodsced by trans-
mission of goods from a place where they are abun-
dant to one where they are scarce—an equalization
of prices in both markets. Of the propriety of
leaving the people of this country free to wander
rviiithersoever they will, no one entertains the slight-
est doubt. The only.question is, " Ought a bounty
to be given on the exportation of labour, while, not-
withstanding its cheapness in the home market, our
manufacturers and agriculturists find the utmost dif-
ficulty in paying for it ?" For it ought to be clearly
understood, that whether we send away few hands,
er many, the abstraction, pro tanto, must raise the
value of those that remain. And it may be denied
by those who are to payfor the emigration proposed,
that it is just or reasonable to call on them to di-
minish their capitals, in order to raise the price of
a material, the purchase of which, at its present
cost, absorbs nearly the whole of their profits. The
locatingof a family in Canada will cost 601., and the
passage thither about 30/. The former sum, it is
proposed, shall be- repaid by instalments of 41. each,
commencing the sixth year after location, and finish-
ing the twentieth. The passage money is not to be
asked hack from the emigrants, when they are sent
out by their parishes, nor is any interest of the loca.
tion-money to be asked. We have hitherto been
somewhat sceptical as to the chance of any repay-
ments, but we confess we never before were aware
that such a length of. time was to be given to the
settler, otherwise we might have entertained a dif-
ferent opinion. While, however, we propose to ex-
pend 90/. on some three or four thousand families,
in order to clear the back-woods of Canada, it cer-
tainly would not be an unprofitable inquiry whether
the same sum advanced to them here might not an-
swer our purpose equally well. We have no doubt
that not thousands, but tens of thousands, may be
fOund to whom such a means of getting on, even in
the miserable island of Great Britain, would prove
the foundation of a much larger fortune in twenty
years than die application of a much greater sum
could produce in double that time in Canada. The
Corporation arid Test Act Bill was read a first
time without any observations. The House then
went into Committee on the East Retford Disfran-
chisement Bill, which occupied the remainder of the
night.—New Times.

The dangers to which the Country Bankers are
exposed by the invasions of the Bank of England,
are admitted in all quarters, and yet, with the ex-
ception of an interview or two with his Majesty's
Ministers, which seems to have produced no decisive
result, nothing has been done to avert the threat-
ening evil. It is,not only allowed to increase, it is
suffered to consolidate itself ; so that the conflict
must shortly be, not to prevent a settlement, but to
drive out a colony—not to impede the laying of a
foundation, but to pull down an established edifice.
•Let,therefore, the Country Bankers look to their own
interests. What they now have to dois comparatively
facile. If they are wanting to themselves, their future
task may grow beyond their strength; or their strength
may become so diminished by the inroads of their
enemies as to render exertion inefficient or
im-
possible, when the period fixed for its exercise
arrives. They have tried his Majesty's Govern-
ment, and though its sense is in their favour, it is
doubtful whether its will can be actively put forth
to protect their interests. The Bank of England is
too powerful a body, as its present encroachments
evince, not to commamd the neutrality, if not even
something more, of every Administration, whatever

be its principles and its convictions. No Minister
will venture, without reluctance, to incur the hosti-
lity of an establishment, to which events may compel
him to have recourse for aid in the difficulties of the
State. It is not from the Ministers, therefore, that
they arc to expect assistance. It is, perhaps, enough
that they will meet with no opposition from them : let
them appeal to a higher authority—to the Parliament
of their country. Let them not imagine, or suffer
themselves to be put eff by others with the idea, that
the labours of the Finance Committee will embrace
their case, and that it is sufficient for them to take
their turn in the general investigation. If they do
that, even should their turn ever come, it must ne-
cessarily be on so contracted a scale as to answer none
of the objects which they have in view. Their pro-
sperity, or rather their commercial existence, must
form no part of a wide system of inquiry. It is
important enough to themselves, and to the com-
munity itt large, who has so long benefitted by their
industry and their services, to claim and to obtain a
separate investigation. Let them instruct their friends
in Parliament to move for a Committee to consider
their case, and if Parliament fulfil its duty, protec-
tion will be extended to their interests, and justice
done to those of the country.—lbid.

void from being. filled up. !vow, a
'sures neees,sancitv?Englankij one is an
it of the. Law' nt, confining
rich en or - dismtteP);
Tetiotitty po ~..9"f taz -,.eottagchn
vvhie -the property:iif the"p4isliitila'y 1
.
aganitt spectilatimp khe-,Rasiet; o
is out\Of rate(;'aup rihe ng
lulation a vent An otprirlie in