The Sun.
London, England, 1821-08-07 00:00:00

to delay, the evil hour. The overland commu-
nications, on the contrary, come from persons
identified in feelings and interests with the views
of their Government. Hence they bear a dif-
ferent character. They not only announce, but
they invite and recommend, war; and go perhaps
as far beyond the real state of the case in behalf
of hostilities, as the former do in favour of peace.
Odessa, however, although situated so as to
form a good observatory when once military
operations shall have commenced on a great
scale, is not the place where the probabilities
of war and peace can be weighed with any
thing like correctness or certainty. It is nearer
the seat of Government,—in the capital of em-
pires, and particularly in that which since the
Congress of 1814 has become the capital of all
those of the Continent—it is chiefly at Vienna
that the political barometer must he observed, if
we wish to ascertain the approach of serenity 'or
of storm.

[TILE TIMES.]
With regard to the more immediate question
of peace or war between Turkey and Russia,
which has become the subject of such mixed and
diversified allegations, we should have less cause
to-hesitate in deciding on its probability, if we were
to depend implicitly on what appears in public
journals, even those which are considered to bear
an official stamp. The ,Conservateur lmpartiel
(of the 13th ult.), a St. Petersburgh paper, which
is supposed to speak the sentiments of a part at
least of the Russian ministry, has the following
paragraph on the subject of the banker Danesi,
and its language is certainly the reverse of pacific;
Danesi," says the Conservateur, " was banker
to the Russian embassy. This character, and
a conviction of his innocence, were motives
sufficiently strong to justify the urgent remon-
strances of Baron Strogonoff to the Porte,
against his arbitrary imprisonment. But they
proved equally unavailing with all those addressed
by this Minister to the Turkish government,in order
to enlighten it on its true interests, and to change
the nature of those blindly barbarous measures
which the Porte is incessantly adopting, and
which, far from aiding its cause, can have no
other result than to surround it with new perils."
On the other hand, it is our duty to state what
we have learned on the most respectable autho-
rity, that although there is a party in the Imperial
Cabinet of St. Petersburgh, as well as in that of
Constantinople, more inclined to hostility than
their colleagues, yet the majority of both Cabi-
nets, and more especially the Sovereigns them-
selves, more responsible than their Ministers for
human blood,, and far more interested in pre-
venting its effusion, are determined advocates for
the continuance of peace. This contrariety of
sentiment among men in power may go far to-
wards explaining the conflict and fluctuation of
intelligence by which the public have- been as-
sailed ; but as this variance can have no effect
beyond Cabinet discussion and newspaper para-
graphs, we wait for the first official act of either
Government, to determine which scale has pre-
ponderated.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF CHANCERY, AUGUST 6.

THE HON. NEWTON FELLOWES V. THE EARL OF PORTS-

MOUTH AND OTHERS.

The Lonn CHANCELLOR this morning called on Mr. Hart
to mention this case, which our readers will recollect was fully
stated in our paper of Wednesday last.

Mr. HART intimated that he had not at present any further
general considerations or arguments to submit to the Court, but
he understood that a letter had been written by Mr. Justice
Best,. and addressed to the plaintiff, in which that learned judge
expressed an opinion that the appointment of a general receiver
had become necessary, in order to save the trust estates from
ruin.

Mr.TRESLOV E remarked, that Mr. Justice Best did not con-
sider himself to be acting as a trustee : his appointment had
taken place subsequently to the original execution of the deed,
by which Lord Portsmouth, on his first marriage with Miss
Norton, the daughter of Lord Grantley, had made over his
paternal estates to the whole and sole controul and management
of four trustees.

The LORD CHANCELLOR observed, that the first material
question in the case appeared to be, whether the trust-deed on
Lord Portsmouth's marriage was still legally valid, or whether
it expired at the death of the first Lady Portsmouth. They
were all acquainted with the peculiar circumstances in the noble
Lord's situation ; but no considerations relative to a commission
of lunacy would induce the Court to het aside a deed by which
a party had knowingly and voluntarily thought proper t 9 fetter
himself. Ile wished to see Lord Portsmouth's bill in the
course of that day, and after reading it lie might be ,enabled to
draw up some special order which should have the effect of com-
pelling the trustees to adopt a different course of proceeding._
Whatever had been the conduct of Mr. Hanson, the Court
would certainly not allow the present system of management to
continue. It was probable; indeed, that the case might be again
mentioned to-morrow.

INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, AVG. 6.
THos. MARKS was brought up to be heard on his petition
to be discharged ; and was opposed by William Kilbee, his de-
taining creditor. It appeared by the evidence, that the insol-
vent was a wine and brandy merchant at Rochford, in Essex,
and that a commission of bankruptcy issued against him at
the suit of Kilbee, who claimed to be a creditor for 10001.
The insolvent contested the legality of the commission, on_
the ground of his not having committed an act of bankruptcy,
and an issue was directed out of Chancery to try the fact.
On the trial an act of bankruptcy could not be proved, and in
consequence the commission was superseded. The insolvent
soon afterwards made an assibernment of all his property to
the attorney who had Ilifended him against the Commission ;
the property produced abOut 4001. which was less than the
attoruey's costs, and the other creditors received nothing.
The COURT said, it was clearly a case of undue preference;
the juyment therefore was,
,that the insolvent should not be
entitle to his discharge till he should have been ten months in
• prison from the date of filing his petition.

THE ASSIZES.

YORK, AUGUST 5.

On Saturday, at five o'cloc'k, Mr. Justice Ho Lilo YD entered
this city, accompanied by the High Sheriff of the County, Sir
Wm. INGLE]) y, Bart, in a full tourt dress; the Sheriff of the
City, the javelin-men, and a numerous body of horsemen, who
had assembled at the bring Houses, a short distance from the
town, to meet him. The procession moved forward immediately
to the Castle, where the Commission for holding the Assizes
was read, and the Court adjourned till Monday. The caval-
cade proceeded to the Guildhall, when a similar ceremony was
observed for the holding of the Sessions, and that Court was
also adjourned until Monday. On Friday eighteen convicts,
who had received sentences of transportation for various terms
of years, were removed from the gaol of York, in a coach, on
the road to their respective places of destination.

SALISBURY, AITGUST 5.
The Commission for holding the Assizes for this County was
opened on Saturday at the Council Chamber by Mr. Justice
Best, who arrived from Winchester. The calendar is remark-
ably light, there being only twenty-seven prisoners for trial.—
On the civil side there are twenty-two causes entered.
The Assizes at. Winchester ended on Saturday. Thirteen
prisoners were condemned to death, two to be transported for
life, six for fourteen years, and the ee for seven yeas.

A new suite of rooms is building in St. James's
Palace, the expence of which is estimated at
10,0001. The idea of pulling down that Palace
and building a new one is abandoned for the
present.

LIVERARY AND SCIENTIFIC. INTELLIGENCE.

[FROM VARIOUS SOURCES.]

No. XVIII.

ITALIAN LITERATURE.--A voluminous publi-
cation has been commenced at Milan ; it is in-
tended to form a complete series of the best his-
torical works in every language, and is entitled
Biblioteca Storica di tutti iTempi, e di tulle le Na-
zioni. The first work selected by the Editor is Mul-
ler's General History of the World in six volumes.
Next the History of the American War by Botta,
an Author who has been called by the Journalists
of Philadelphia and New York, the Livy of the
United States ; and who has been universally ad-
mired as one of the most philosophical historians
of the present age. To these succeeds the elo-
quent work of our own country man,Gibbon ; a very
unfinished and incorrect translation of him had
before appeared in Italy, but this has now been
entirely re-written and completed by Bertolotti,
the successful translator of many other English
works. Bettoni's Lettere sui Giardini Venezia
is another publication from the Milan press
deserving of notice. In these seven epistles,
(four of which have been before printed,) the
writer describes in an elegant style the noble
garden which has been formed of late years in
the centre of that city, the naturally romantic
situation of which it is well adapted to render still
more picturesque, especially should those im-
provements be made which Bettoni suggests.—
He proposes that it should be embellished with
monuments, statues, temples, and other elegant
decorations of art. This work is sentimental and
poetical. The Cavalier Luizi Bossi continues to
labour indefatigably in the prosecution of his la-
borious work on Italy, Le Storia d'ltalia, Anti-
ca e Aloderna. The twelfth volume has just been
publishell at Milan by Giegler and Bianchi. It
begins with the overthrow of the Western Em-
pire, from the time of the acknowledgment of
Theodorie as King of Italy to the founding of
the kingdom of Lombardy, and finishes with a
description of the situation of the provinces,
cities, and islands of Italy, under the dominion
of the Goths and Lombards. Vita e Commercio
Letterario, &c. the life and correspondence of Ga-
lileo Galilei, a posthumous work of the learned
Florentine Senator de Nelli, is an interesting
piece of biography of the great Italian astrono-
mer, composed from the most authentic sources
and original documents ; the author having
purchased all the Manuscripts and Letters he
could meet with of Galilei, Coricelli, Cas-
telli, Viviani, and other mathematicians of the
seventeenth century. The work, which is in
two volumes quarto, is embellished with ten
plates ; two of them are portraits of Galilei, the
first taken when he was forty, the other when
seventy-seven years of age. Both of them
are engraved under the direction of the cele-
brated Raphael Morghen. The first volume
of the Collezione degli antichi Storici Greci volge-
rizzati, edited by Sonzogno of Milan, contains
a translation by Compagnoni of Dicty's Creten-
sis, and of Dares the Phrygian. In the second,
third, and fourth volumes, are the first and second
books of Diodorus, also translated by Andreas
Mustoxidi, of Corfu, who has added to them a
commentary. The Raccolta di Scene Teatrali
esegaile o disegnate dei pin celebri Pittori Scenici
lin Milano is a novel and interesting work, well
calculated to advance the art of scene painting to
a higher rank than it now fills, and to preserve
many beautiful productions of this kind from the
oblivion to which they are otherwise almost in-1
levitably consigned. The second number now
published contains, along with a variety of scenes
of every description, an exterior and an interior'
view of the Theatre La Scala, and a design of
the beautiful curtain, painted by the celebrated
Appiani for the private amateur theatre of the
Filo Dramatici. The anonymous Storia di Arne-
lie; intended as a sequel to Segur's General.
History, gives an account of the moral and physi-
-1 cal features of the New World. The writer
lhas borrowed much from Humboldt, but has
not availed himself of the assistance of Azara
and Sobievielo. In the sixth and last' di-
vision of his work, he treats of the different
dialects of America, and their origin : he consi-
ders that their number, said by some to amount
to 1264, has been greatly exaggerated ; although
it is certain that in a single province a variety of
'dialects are used orally which are not employed
in writing. A work on the Science of 11 istory,
by the Duke di Ventignano, a writer before
known to the public by his tragedies, has issued
from the press at Naples, under the title of
Pensieri sulfa Scienza della Storia. In this
treatise the author follows the steps of Rio,
whom he calls the Founder of the Synthesis of
History, and he endeavours to systematize this
important study, and to reduce it to certain
principles founded in the nature of name. In
conformity with this theory he attempts to deve-
lope the progress of civilization, and the changes
which society and government have successively
undergone.—The interesting biographical work
entitled Vita e Ritratti d'illustri Italiani is now
closed with the 60th Number, containing the
Life of Filangieri by Carnebali, and his por-
trait engraved by Caronni.. There is another
work of nearly a similar nature and title,
Ritratti Ilaliani Viventi, of which the
fifth number has just appeared, with the por-
traits of Palette, Perticari, Rossini, Stratico,
and Venturi. The sixth number will corn-.
plete the work. Among the portraits which
have already been given 'are Appiani, the scene
painter, Botta, the historian, Canova, Morghen,
Paer, the composer, Pindemonti, Scarpa, Vis-
conii, the ArchLeologist, and Volta.

BOHEMIAN LITERATURE.—The vernacular li-
terature of Bohemia, which has been so long in
a state approaching to annihilation, now begins to
spring up again, and to exhibit signs of vitality.
The interest which the Emperor has manifested
in its behalf has been the means of imparting to
it energy, insomuch that tl►e progress it has made
of late years has been uncommonly rapid. Within
this period, a great number of translations have
appeared, and these have been beneficial so far
as they have assisted in reviving literary taste,
and in inciting native talent to rival the produc-
tions of other countries. There are now four
Journals established in the metropolis) and many

works ate printing in Knttenberg, Pilsen„Poseck,
and other cities. One of the most assiduous labour-
ers in the cause of letters is Hanka, the keeper of
the National Museum, who has rendered a most
important service to literature by editing the
manuscript which he discovered buried beneath
an old pillar in the church at Konysinhof. This
document is invaluable from the light it throws
upon the history of Bohemian Poetry, of which
the furious religious contentions during the 15th
century have left scarcely any trace. After much
laborious investigation of what was mutilated,
and in some places illegible, Hanka succeeded
in deciphering what constitutes the fragments of
a collection of Narrative and Lyrical Poems
possessing considerable intrinsic merit. They
were composed at the end of the 13th and the
beginning of the 14th century : some of them
are probably of a still earlier date. The fortu-
nate discoverer of these relics has edited them
in the original language, accompanied by a ver-
sion in the modern Bohemian dialect, and by
another in German by Professor S webode ; they
relate the victory obtained over the Poles under
Udalrich, the incursion of the Saxons into Bo-
hemia, the battle against the Tartars at Olmutz,
&c. A Russian translation of them has been
published,on which occasion the Dowager Empress
testified her approbation of Hanka's labours by
presenting him with a valuable medal. J. W.
Zimmermann is another industrious writer; he
has lately published the first volume of his
History of Bohemia under Ferdinand I. from
1526 to 1747 ; a work that is so much the more
interesting and valuable as it relates to a period
of which there was before no printed record, for
llagel and Beczkorosky bring down their his-
tories only to 1526, and Palzel's Chronicle pro-
ceeds no further than the reign of Charles IV.
—Stepaneck and Kliepera are the two chief
dramatic writers ; the former has produced many
pieces both original and translated. They are
now publishing a collection of their various works
under the title Divado (the stage). Epic poetry
is cultivated by Negedly and Herokvusky ;
the former has written the poems of Charles I V.
Ottokar, Wratislaw, and the Last Judgment;
the latter, a poem called the Maiden's War.—
Professor Negedly, who must not be confounded
with the preceding Author of the same name, has
composed an excellent Bohemian Grammar for
the use of Germans; also Translations of Flo-
rian's Numa Pompilius, Young's Night Thoughts,
and the first Book of the Iliad. It has been
doubted whether the last mentioned are trans-
lated immediately from the original, yet even
should this be the case the services which Ne-
gedly has performed for his countrymen are not
therefore the less valuable. He is moreover the
conductor of the Illasatel, a periodical work,
which was first commenced in 1808; and after
having been discontinued (or several years is
now carried on again with increased spirit.—
This is the first Journal in Bohemia which
gave papers of any length on either serious
or amusing subjects. Pollok has published
a Tour in Italy and some Poems ; and Schies-
slar, the last writer we shall now mention, has
also composed some Poems and Fables, and has
translated Shakespear's Tragedy of Romeo and
Juliet.
SPANISH LITERATURE.—The first volume of
an historical work of very superior-merit, and,
indeed, of more importance dial any produced
during the last century, has lately issued from
the press at Madrid. It is entitled, La Historia
de la Dorninacion de los Arabes en Espana, sacada
de .Manuscrilos y Memorias Arabigas, and is
written by the Academician Josef Antonio Conde,
who died last year. The Spaniards have for a
long time been indebted to the researches of the
literati of other countries, but have at length ap-
plied themselves to the investigation of this in-
teresting epoch of their national history; and
notwithstanding the number of documents that
have been destroyed, enough yet remain to sup-
ply the deficiencies and to correct the err- .s of
the old Chroniclers, and thus dispel the .obscu-
rity in which the annals of this ..sera are en-
veloped. Conde, whose early death is to be
lamented as an irreparable loss to Spanish litera-
ture, ventured into this immense and bewilder-
ing mine, examined the valuable MSS. deposited
in the various libraries of Madrid, as well as
those in the archives of the Escurial, and after
attentively collating and studying them, pro-
duced a work that will confer immortal honour
on his memory. The policy of the Arabian con-
querors, their military tactics, their government
and legislation, their system of taxation, the ad-
ministration of their police, their institutions for
public charity and education, their religious to-
leration, manners, and customs, form the princi-
pal objects of the author's attention ; and the
facts and documents are all original and au-
thentic. He has, moreover, incorporated many
fragments from the Arabian poets, partly for the
purpose of elucidating events and customs, and
partly to give an Oriental air to the whole
composition : he has likewise derived from
Arabic sources of biography much impor-
tant information relative to those great men
who distinguished themselves either in lite-
rature or in arms. The work is divided into
four books, the first of which commences with a
brief account of the situation of the Arabians at
the time of their first irruption into Africa. The
author then proceeds to describe their attack
upon Spain, the government of the Omarsk their
policy and their conduct towards the people
whom they conquered ; the feuds between the
Omars themselves ; the events which brought
Spain under the dominion of the Caliphs of Da-
mascus ; and lastly, he presents a vived picture
of the actions and the characters of the
first Arabian conquerors in Spain, during the
interval from 710 to 748. The second book
treats of the Arabian Monarchy in Spain (as it
existed independent 'of the Caliphs ;)—of the
Princes of this powerful dynasty, and the exten-
sion of their power, both within and without the
Peninsula ; of the government, manners, wealth,
arts, and sciences, of the Arabians, until the
breaking out of the war in 1080, to which period
we are brought down in the present volume,
which consists of 660 pages in 4to. The third
and fourth books will be comprised in the two
succeeding volumes, which are partly printed,