The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-18 00:00:00

358 11 8

£6,992 2 0

Thus we perceive that the man with 100,0001.
per annum pays seven per cent. to the public
revenue, while the labourer, such as William
Gladstone, pays fifty per cent. If the injustice
stopped here, it would be sufficiently infamous ;
but the crime against industry is as yet only half
disclosed. The landowner, by virtue of the corn-
laws, compensates himself for the seven per cent. he
pays to the State. He does much more, as we proceed
to show. We are again indebted to Mr. Macintyre
for the following deeply interesting facts.
In the British Islands there are 46,522,000 culti-
vated acres. If the corn-tax only amounted to twenty
millions annually, this would Increase the rent of
those lands Bs. Bd. per acre. The rental of this sur-
face of soil is computed at 75,000,0001. If the bonus,
through the corn-laws, be taken at the low estimate
of twenty millions, it would equal twenty-five per
cent. of this rental, for take away the monopoly the
rental would fall to 55,000,000/. Thus, the land-
owner, with a rental of 100,0001., stands thus :
He levies a private tax on the consu-
mers of food of ... ,
He pays a personal tax to the State of 6,992
0
~,,,,
20
0

Net Annual gain ...... ...£18,007 18 0
We must entreat the reader to bear with us a little
longer in these arithmetical demonstrations. By
figures we can best prove the graspings of the oli-
garchy, and we will do our best to force truth even
on the unwilling, and rouse even the sluggard from
his deceiving slumbers. If what we are now about
to transcribe fails to rouse our readers from apathy,
they deserve to have a tax-gatherer permanently do-
miciliated at their firesides.
From 1793 to 1816, the taxation raised
was £1,560,000,000
Deduct expenses of country supposing
we had been at peace
Expense of War £1,100,000,000

o.f this total, the Land paid ..
„ Industry paid ..

£120,000,000
......
1,440,000,000

£1,560,000,000
Or, the tax on Property and Land was 8 per cent.
The tax on Industry was 92 per cent.
In these proportions, then, was the national debt
contracted : it was incurred to save the estates of the
oligarchy, and they contrived, through their mono-
poly of legislation, to make the working classes pay
nearly the whole cost of the protection. When the
danger was over, by the fall of Napoleon, it might
have been expected that industry would have re-
ceived some compensation for the fearful sacrifice it
The
made in the hour of peril. Quite the reverse.
_the oligarchy first passed a corn-law to raise their own
rents, and make those who had saved them from
ruin, eat dear bread ; then they abolished the pro-
perty-tax, which drained their own purses ; thirdly,
they converted a paper debt into a metallic debt, and,
by so doing, indirectly increased the value of their
own rentals, by reducing the price of all commodities.
Since then, the working classes have dragged on a
wretched existence, at famine wages, while the middle
classes have been racked in body and nqind to
maintain the respectability of their position. All
sorts of fallacies have been invented to disguise the
truth. Over-population, over-production, too abun-
dant harvests, and other similar absurdities, have been
proclaimed as the causes of the distress, and the reme-
dies proposed have been just as stupid as the descrip-
tion of the disease. The people have been studiously
deluded by newspapers, whose proprietors derived
enormous profits by acting on the money market ; and,
whoever ventured to insist on a paper currency, was
held up to ridicule and execration, as a bankrupt spe-
culator, socking to serve his private ends by issuing
" sham" money. That was the phrase. It was a
" telling" phrase, and well has it served the purposes
of Lombard-street and Capel-court.
It is our duty to tell the working classes of this
realm, that unless the taxes are taken off industry and
placed on property, relief to them is utterly hopeless.
Without this fiscal reform, all the enactments of
the Legislature will be valueless as waste paper.
Now, there are but two ways of effecting this adjust-
ment; either by levying directly the whole of the
taxe3 on property, which would require a rate of
about thirty per cent., or by an issue of taxation
notes to the amount of the annual expenditure. If
gold is continued as the standard and measure of
value, and its price kept permanently low by
Act of Parliament, profits and wages must remain
low, for it is utterly impossible that they can
rise above the standard by which they are mea-
sured. This truth should be ever present to the
minds of the people. Only let the corn -laws
be abolished, and wheat will fall down to a scale cor-
responding with that of all other commodities, and
then the full workings of the Bill of 1819 will be felt
by the farmers, and when rents fall from this cause,
let the fundholders tremble. They will be robbed
with the same coolness as the industrious classes have
hitherto been robbed. Then the landlords will transfer
all their affections from the public creditor to the
public debtor. We have shown what they have done
in times past, and what they are doing now ; in the
arae spirit will their future policy dictated.

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THE FRENCH CHURCH.
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temporal
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cal discussions,
has been embittered by the peculiar position of each of
them at the present moment.
The Roman Catholic Church in France is the only
institution of that country which has not been pro-
foundly modified, in principle as well as in form, by the
French Revolution. On the throne, in the legislature,
in the courts of justice, and in society at large, the work
of the Revolution is conspicuous and complete. A new
shape has been given to all that men respect and obey;
and these new institutions trace their descent from 1789,
with a sort of pride in the novelty of their origin. The
very men who have arrested the violence and the irre-
gularity of the revolutionary power have laboured to
consolidate the changes that power has effected ; and the
Revolution, including its first principles and its final
consequences, is as generally accepted as the basis of so-
ciety in France, as the British Constitution is in this
country. One power alone remains eternally opposed to
these principles and to these consequences ; one class
alone has preserved with comparatively little change its
traditions of another ago, and its allegiance to a fallen
race ; and especially since the catastrophe of 1830 the
clergy has exhibited its sullen distrust or its open hos-
tility to that system of government which has been
formally adopted by all the rest of the nation. In pro-
portion as the breach has widened between the Church
and the State, in spite of the pecuniary dependence of
the priesthood on the public Exchequer, the peculiar
political tendencies of the Church of Rome became more
and more visible. The power of the Church in this
struggle with all the other powers of the Government
was derived from its own external and internal organisa-
tion ; from influences which were either altogether fo-
reign to France or connected with what France had re-
jected ; and from its indestructible hold on the minds of
the Christian part of the population.
The consequence of this state of things has been to
revive very keen animosities between the clergy and a
large portion of the political world. It would seem that
there is a deplorable want of independence and of mode-
ration on the part of the religious laity, since they have
done nothing to check the violence of the struggle
between the ill-advised defenders of the Church
and its direst enemies. The polemical writings of
the bishops and their abtis have been lamentably defi-
cient in talent and in prudence; whilst their opponents
are, for the most part, deficient in what is at least equally
essential to a just and pacific treatment of these great
questions—namely, a steady and practical belief in the
truths of Christianity. It is not enough for French
legislators, making laws for the whole body of their
countrymen, to profess for Christianity that kind of
frigid respect they might think it expedient to pay to
any popular superstition. Nor is it possible that the
Church should look with confidence, or even with sub-
mission, to legislative assemblies, to State councils, and
to public schools, where so much of actual infidelity still
prevails. No one will deny that in these great institu-
tions, in which the ablest men in France direct the policy
or instruct the youth of the kingdom, it would be vain
to seek for the spirit or the faith of men like Bossuet or
our own Arnold. The public schools more especially
have, without exception, the most opposite conceivable
character; they are un-Christian, if not anti-Christian,
in the fullest sense of the word ; and, without wishing
to describe them with unnecessary harshness, we must
say that it is impossible that a Christian priest or a
Christian parent should be willing to abandon to such
establishments the exclusive formation of the character
of youth.
The whole question of the liberty or monopoly of
public instruction in France lies in the maintenance of
the exclusive rights of the University. That great in-
stitution is, to the scholastic establishments of the coun-
try, what the Code Civil is to her laws, and the legisla-
tive assemblies to her political constitution. It is the
form in which the great principles of the French Revo-
lution—equality, centralisation, and uniformity—have
been adapted to the education of the people ; and in
obedience to those established rules, it holds the standard
of proficiency which is the test to which every man is
subjected in entering upon life. The degrees granted by
the University are this recognised test of caacity and
industry ; and there is scarcely any civil liberalfprofession
on which a young man can enter without having taken
them. It is not contended by the partisans of the
Church, that any modification should be made in the
constitution or powers of the University of France ; it
is not denied that the State has a right to ascertain, by
these forms of academical examination, what the profi-
ciency is of men aspiring to enter the civil service, or to
follow medicine or the law. But the University requires
more ; it not only demands the exclusive right of con-
ferring degrees, but the exclusive right of educating those
on whom these degrees are to be conferred; and it would
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schools whatever
absolute control.

The principal orders of the Romish Church which are
devoted to the labour of the higher kinds of instruction
have long been proscribed in France ; but a certain
number of schools or colleges, known by the name of
seminaries, still exist in various parts of France under
the sole management of the clergy. The principal ob-
ject of these seminaries is the education of priests, and
the certificates they confer are sufficient to obtain ordi-
nation from the bishops. But in the case of pupils not
destined to the Church, or disinclined to its service, the
ease iv widely different. The seminaries cannot confer
degrees, and the University will only confer them on
those who have studied in its own schools. It is not
contended that these seminaries are ill-conducted ; on
the contrary, they contain professors and pupils of the
first distinction ; but they are dangerous. The spirit of
these schools is not the spirit of the modern French
people, and therefore they are proscribed. The modern
Liberals are foremost in refusing them the liberty they
ask for ; the partisans of equality will admit of no
equality between themselves and the influence of the
clergy ; the professors of the University have taken the
alarm, and have denounced in unmeasured language the
Church and all that belongs to it ; and even the friends
and founders of the existing Government are ready, if
necessary, to unseal the bitter phials of revolutionary
*eel to aid them in subduing the last effort of spiritual
power.
With consummate address M. Thiers has availed him-
self of all these tendencies, existing to a greater or less
degree in all the important parties of the political
world ; and whilst the King is disposed to conciliate the
clergy, and the Ministry are anxious to prevent either
party from gaining what may appear to be a triumph,
Y. Thiers, in the able report of the Committee on the
Education Bill last session, appealed directly to the anti-
clerical passions, which exist as strongly amongst the
followers of M. Guizot as amongst his own. In France
Bills are not lost by the mere prorogation of the Cham-
ber, and the law which passed the Chamber of Peers last
session will be resumed in the Chamber of Deputies
during the next. That it will be passed in its present
form is exceedingly improbable, and that the clergy
should obtain from the Chamber of Deputies the full
toleration they require is altogether impossible ; but the
debate will be of sufficient importance to shake the hold.
of the Government on the majority, to brine. M. Thiers
conspicuously before the country as the defender of a
popular cause ; and will probably lead to the indefinite
postponement of the settlement of the question.—Times.

DARTMOUTH ELECTION.—The nomination, it is
said, will take place on the 23d inst., and the polling on
the day following.
FRIGHTFUL ACCIDENT. Shortly before nine
o'clock last night a dreadful accident, which, it is feared,
will be attended with loss of life, occurred opposite Ald-
gate Church, close by the junction of Aldgate with the
Whitechapel-road. About four o'clock in the afternoon
Mr. Dagget, a highly respectable commercial traveller,
in the oil and colour business, left Roinford for the me-
tropolis in a gig with a high-spirited horse. On arriv-
ing near Whitechapel Church the animal shied, and im-
mediately afterwards started off at a rapid pace. By
the rattling of the vehicle over the stones he was much
frightened, and, notwithstanding the utmost exertions of
the driver, it was impossible to hold him in. At a
frightful speed he reached the corner leading to the
Minories, close by a largo pile of new building, where,
unfortunately, two omnibuses were passing each other.
Mr. Dagget, to escape a collision, pulled one of the reins,
but the road being narrowed at that spot, and there
being a temporary platform for foot passengers, the
horse ran upon it, amongst the people who were there
crowding the pathway. The scene was frightful ; not
less than nine or ten persons were knocked down, and
the policeman, Goodman, 591, City, who was passing
along his beat, was dashed to the ground with great
violence. The gig was instantly overturned, and the
driver thrown out upon the pavement. A gentleman'
who we have since ascertained is 70 years of age, was
knocked down and severely injured. He was taken
into the shop of Mr. Davis, surgeon, of Aldgate, and,
after having had his wounds dressed, was conveyed to
his house in Red Cross-street, Southwark. Mr. Dagget
is much out about the head, and bruised all over thee
body ; but Mr. Merrit, of Lentlenhall-street, having at
tended him, he soon recovered so far as to give ;4 ac-
count of the manner in which the accident occurred. A
gentleman of the name of Wincklow was also much in-
jured. Siz persons were conveyed to the London Hos-
pital ; but, upon inquiry last pvening., shortly before
ten o'clock, the reporter was informed that three of thelp
left, being able to walk home, as soon as their contusions
were attended to by the house surgeon. Three others,
we regret to state, are still in the hospital seriously
injured. Goodman, the constable, it is feared, has rg-
neived a concession of the brain, which renders his re-
covery Teri doubtful?

A very curious state of things is being exhibited in
the present railroad movement in Ireland, and one
which shows how little we in England know, and how
wildly we are apt to talk about that country. For the
whole of the present century we have been in the habit
of talking of English capital being wanted for Ireland ;
and we have at last talked ourselves into the beliet that
Ireland is a country entirely destitute of any accumu-
lated capital, and incapable of doing anything for itself.
The commencement of railroads shows this to be very
far from the fact. The Irish appear to be bringing out
hoards of money for the new enterprises. It is an un-
doubted fact that the whole capital of 800,0001., required
for the Southern Railway, from Dublin to Cork, was
subscribed in three days, and subscribed entirely in
Ireland. All accounts represent the state of feeling
throughout the country as approaching to something like
an universal mania of speculation. Everybody thinks
he can double his store by embarking it in railway shares.
Mr. O'Connell has been severely blamed for inter-
posing his advice, and suggesting caution, in order to
check this rage for a new speculation. Of course it has
been insinuated that he dreads lest the ardour for rail.
ways should interfere with that for repeal, and that he
is alive to the sordid fear that the subscriptions to
shares may be in some way deducted from his own rent.
Mr. O'Connell was perfectly right in saying what he did
say on the subject, and would have neglected his duty
had he withheld his advice. Much money will probably
be lost in these schemes in Ireland, as it has been in
England ; and what is not lost may probably remain
unproductive much longer than the subscribers calculate.
A good Government would undoubtedly interpose its
moral influence to prevent this mischief from falling on
the industrious and saving class in ;Mond ; and it is,
therefore. Mr. O'Connell's duty so te-act in discharge
of that moral responsibility under which ho lies for the
welfare of the people that confides in him as its real ruler.
Ere long, no doubt, the existence and prosperity of
Irish railroads, and the necessity for the aid of English
capitalists to create those that will be wanted in addition,
will have a tendency to diminish the feeling in favour of
repeal. The opponents of Mr. O'Connell are already
triumphing at his discomfiture, and believing that the
ardour for railroads will entirely supersede in Ireland all
thought of political wrongs and remedies. This is the
shallowest and falsest of the many delusions by which
the oppressors of mankind are for ever cheating them-
selves. At this period of its most unprofitable career,
this thick-headed world of ours ought to have learnt
that men, whether individually or in masses, are much
more swayed by their feelings than their interests. We
pursue our interests, but under the guidance of our
passions ; and there exists neither man nor nation that
cannot be turned from the pursuit of material good
by working on the sense of honour, or duty, or on
the affections. Gorge the Irishman with English
capital, develope the wealth Of his country,
open out to him the brightest prospect of continued
civilisation and increasing wealth—and yet, as long as
you insult him in his religion and his national honour,
all your favours will fail to win his love, will, in fact,
only strengthen him for achieving vengeance and re-
dress. As long as the religion of the Irish people re-
mains despoiled and dishonoured—as long as the creed
of the stranger remains in its present position of in-
sulting superiority—so long does the English Govern
mont proclaim to the world the insulting truth that
the Irish are a people whom we do not deem worthy
of being treated according to the ordinary rules of
Justice, and so long will it be impossible for us to lay
one stone for the foundation of permanent tranquillity,
or conquer one inch of the affections of Ireland.
Treat Ireland as we are now treating her, and the
momentary diversion of railway speculations will neither
better the condition of her people nor diminish the
growth of those fearful feelings that impel them to de-
sire separation from us. But such circumstances as the
present may, no doubt, by a wise Government, be turned
to the best account for effecting the removal of griev-
ances. There is now throughout Ireland enough of
speculation to induce men for a time to take a moderate
view of politics—to wish rather to hold aloof from active
participation in agitation, and to look with favour, ra-
ther than jealousy, on any conciliatory measures of the
English Government. These are the moments when the
suspicions of largest growth, when the animosities of
deepest influence, may be most easily soothed, if only the
tone of conciliation and the substance of justice be
adopted. Now is the time when, if right were done, no
more than right would be demanded. Do the Irish jus-
tice in the matter of their religion, and we will be
bound that little success would attend any attempt to re-
ject the boon unless accompanied by a repeal of the union.
Now, too, is the favourable moment for attempting an
improvement iu the material condition of the people at
large. What, after all, will be the permanent gain to
the masses in Ireland from these great works? A few
years' employment, at low wages, out of which nothing
can be saved, for a portion—and, after all, only a portion
—of the destitute myriads. At the end of that time, the
old amount of unemployed hands and empty bellies will
cumber the land; for, whatever additional employment
may be permanently created by the railways and their
accompanying extension of commerce, will to a certainty
be counterbalanced by the increase of population in the
interval. The result will be a few more rich, and the
rich generally richer; while the poor will be as numerous
and as destitute as ever. But, on the other hand, the
utmost advantage may be taken of the present improve-
ment in the state of things, to introduce other measures
requisite for raising the condition of the people. Amid
the comparative ease and quiet produced by this large
momentary accession to the means and employment of
the people, the most favourable opportunity is presented
for improving the relations of landlord and tenant, for
establishing systematic emigration, for introducing ma-
nufactures—in fact, for effecting every and any change
that may be deemed most desirable. Such golden mos
ments do not often occur in the history of nations ; and
it would indeed be melancholy were our rulers to regard
the preseut as merely serviceable for postponing for a
while the hour of justice, instead of seising on it as one
in which a great effort may be made to better the condi-
tion of Ireland, with unhoped-for ease and unhoped-for
certainty of success.—Chronicle.

THREE PERSONS SUFFOCATED
BY CHARCOAL.

CIIATNAM, DEc. 16.—Yesterday morning (Sunday)
considerable sensation was created in the village of Luton,
near Chatham, in consequence of three husbandmen in
the employ of John Oakley, Esq., farmer, at Darling,
having been found dead in their bed-room. It appears
that the men, whose names are John Stedman, aged 25
years. Thomas Webb, 18, and George Wright, 17,
lodged at the bailiff's cottage, which stands on the oppo-
site side of the road to the farm-house and in conse-
quence of the severity of the cold they had, for the last
few nights, begged the bailiff's wife to warm their room.
On Saturday last, the night being very cold, she yielded
to their wishes, and as the bed-room had not a fire-place
she procured a stable lantern, filled it with charcoal, and
placed it in the centre of the room. About eight
o'clock on Saturday night Stedman retired to rest, and
he was followed about an hour afterwards by the
other two, Webb and Wright, closing the bed-room
door after them. Nothing was heard of them until next
morning. Not coming down stairs at the usual hour,
about seven o'clock, the bailiff went up stairs to rouse
them, and on his opening the door of the room the me-
lancholy sight of three dead bodies presented itself.
Wright was found lying on the door behind the door ;
he had evidently dropped down dead the instant he en-
tered the room, which must at the time have been filled
with carbonic gas. Webb was lying on his back on the
bed, with his hand to his handkerchief, as if he had been
seized by death in the act of untying it. Stedman had
his jacket off, and had partly removed his trousers from
his person, and had fallen back on the bed. Mr. Oak-
ley, as soon as he was apprised of the melancholy fate
of his men, dispatched messengers to Chatham and
Rochester for medical assistance, when Dr. Adam
Martin, of Rochester, and Mr. Tribe, surgeon, of Chat-
ham, were quickly on the spot ; their services, however,
were not required. The poor fellows must have died a
few minutes after their entering the room. Stedman
has left a widowed mother at Gillingham, who was
partly depending on her son for support.
An inquest will be held this day on the bodies by J.
Ilinde, Esq., coroner for East Kent.

PRINCE ALBERT'S Ox.—On Monday, in pursuance
of the desire expressed by her Majesty when viewing,
at the Smithfield Club Cattle-show on Saturday, the
black. polled ox of the Scotch breed, bred by his Royal
Highness Prince Albert at Norfolk farm, that fortunate
animal, instead of being removed to the residence of Mr.
Bannister, butcher, of Threadneedle-street, who had
purchased it for the sum of sixty guineas, was conveyed
from the Horse Bazaar to the Paddington terminus of
the Great Western Railway, and thence back to Wind-
sor-park, where it will in future be kept. Major-Gen.
Wemyss, Equerry in Waiting on the Queen, was de-
puted to convey her Majesty's eommands in this respect
to the gentlemen connected with the Club, and upon the
receipt of the gallant General's order the animal was at
once delivered up by Mr. Haling, who, in the absence of
Mr. Boulnois, the proprietor of the Bazaar, was en-
trusted with the charge of the live stock and implements
exhibited. It is understood that the moment Mr. Ban-
nister was made acquainted with the wishes of her Ma-
jesty, he intimated to some of the gentlemen connected
with the royal household his desire to relinquish all
claim to the animal, and expressed a hope that her Ma-
jesty would permit him to make a present of it, but this
was declined. During the clay the greatest hustle pre-
vailed in the removal to their various quarters of the
animals purchased, as also the implements exhibited at
the bazaar during the show. Most of the unsold Animals
were removed at an early hour, in order to be at the
great annual Smithfield cattle-ma,rket, and in the evening
(here were but two or three oxen and a few she re,
maining at the bazaar,
The 4tv• Sithley Smith, who has been for some
time indisposed at his residence in Green-street, Park.
lane, was on Monday, we are happy to learnt coßgiclero
much ketteri

LONDON AND YORK RAILWAY.
The London and York Company have sent down from
London a troop of no less than fourteen gentlemen to
make copies of the plans, sections, and specification
books of all the lines opposed to their own ; and the
Lincoln solicitors connected with the Lincoln and Cam-
bridge and other lines hostile to the London and York
have each clerks acting in a similar manner. Several of
the gentlemen are law-stationers' clerks, from " the
Lane," and the curious in diving into manners and habits
have been much amused by a peep of the company at
their work. They are copying in the room at the end
of the City Assembly-rooms, seated at a large table.
Upon this table there are large heaps of snuff upun sheets
of paper, and every few minutes a finger and thumb is
darted into one of the piles, the article conveyed to the
nose, and the pen, in an instant, is heard scratching
along at renewed speed. There is also upon the table a
liberal supply of porter, which is sipped at, until the
measure is empty, when it is refilled and again gradually
drained. The ink is in tea-cups, and the gentlemen are,
without exception, the most rapid writers we have ever
seen. Besides the gentlemen copying the plans, &c.
there are also other parties taking the traffic, and making
arrangements for the forthcoming Parliamentary fight,
so that the inns are half filled with railway people. The
preliminary expenses of the various companies must be:
tremendous.--Lincolnshire Herald.

YORK AND SCARBOROUGH RAILWAY.
On account of the enormous prices required by the
proprietors of land near the intended terminus at Scar-
borough, the site has not been finally fixed upon., and
the labourers are all paid off. We trust, however, that
arrangements will speedily be made, and that no ob-
stacle to impede the undertaking may be thrown-in the
way at this advanced stage of the projeet.—Yorkshire
Gazette.

MANCHESTER AND LEEDS RAILWAY.
We understand that a resolution was passed at the
Board last Monday, referring to the revision of rates
mentioned by Mr. Houldsworth at the meeting of the
Leeds and West Riding Junction Company. It is, first,
to construct forty new third-class carriages with seats,
and covered in ; secondly, that the second-class should
all be glazed and made comfortable ; and, thirdly, that
the first-class fare should not exceed 2.3. d. per mile, and
that the minimum for short distances should be reduced
from Is. 6d. to ls., and second•class to 9d. This ar-
rangement, with the great intermediate traffic, will be a
considerable reduction.---fierapath's Railway Journal.
WAKEFIELD, PONTEFRACT, AND GOOLE
RAILWAY.
This is a scheme which departed from all railway pre-
cedent. It came out with all its capital subscribed, and
no one was allowed to have any shares unless he had
property on the line. If the London and York obtain
their Act, all the Manchester and Leeds traffic will be
thrown upon it in connexion with the hull and Selby.
That traffic, in addition to its own, would render it a
very valuable property. The Company are, moreover,
insured id. per cent., and a share of the surplus profits
by the Manchester and Leeds Company, who take half
of the shares. It is reported that the Aire and Calder
Navigation Company, and the Wakefield, Pontefract,
and Goole Railway, have agreed to terms acceptable to
both, and which is calculated to insure the passing of the,
Bill.—Herapath's Railway Journal.

NORTH BRITISH RAILWAY.
Having had occasion lately to inspect part of this line
of railway, among other subjects the stones laid down
at the different parts where tunnels, arches, or bridges
are about to be erected came under our notice. These
stones have been brought from the quarries of Swinton
Quarter, Edington Aill, Toadhaugh, and the Crow Butt;
the stones are very different in quality; those from the
quarry of Swinton Quarter are not of a laminated or
beddy nature, but the face and bed are of the same so-
lidity, while those of the other quarries have all a ten.
dency to a seamy or thin beddy nature, and, therefore,
will be subjected to decay by the weather. We would
call particularly the attention of the inspectors of the
works to this.—Berwick Warder.
Recently a " compensation case," in which this Com •
pany was concerned, was tried before the Sheriff of
Berwickshire. The claimant, a Mrs. Coniston, asked
4,0001., and the jury awarded 2,253/. 35., being, says the
Kelso Mai 4 " only 3/. 3s. more than was offered to Mrs.
Coulston a week before the trial r —Railway Record.
COST OF FRENCH AND ENGLISH
RAIL WAYS.
The cost of the Paris and Rouen Railway is put down
by Mr. Laing, of the Board of Trade, at 24,000/. per
mile ; Paris and Orleans, 24,0001 ; Engl;sh passenger
railways, generally, 34,0001, ; and the average of the
Birmingham, Great Western, and SrAth-Western lines,
47,0001—Railway Record.
BOULOGNE AND AMIENS RAILWAY.
M. Bazaine, engineer of the Ponts et Chauskies, has
accepted the appointment of engineer in chief of this
line. He is a man of experience and ability. The line
from Strasburgh to Bide was executed under his direc-
tion, and was done with economy and celerity. The
principal portion of the north line has also been executed
under his superintendence. The Company is, neverthe-
less, not deprived of the assistance of Mr. Cubitt, who
continues consulting engineer of the Company.—Railway
Chronicle.

EASTERN UNION RAILWAY COMPANY.--WO have
very great satisfaction in calling attention to the first
general meeting of this important public body. The re-
port read was of a most gratifying nature, and the ac.
count of the progress of the works was such, as to lead
us to anticipate an early completion of the railway from
Colchester to Ipswich.—lpswich Express.
THE SILVER Concant,T—l
in n addition to the incal-
culable mischief which our incompetent Ministry in-
flicted on the nation the shape of hindrances and
losses to individuals, by proclaiming against light
gold three years and a half ago, when at the same
moment they ought, on a given day, to have re-
placed it by gold of full weight, at the cost of the
public at large, we are now doomed to experience,
even with respect to our silver money, a return to
the scandalous state of the coinage in the miserable reign
of George 111. The mastership of the Mint appears, like
thousands of other well-paid offices, to be a sinecure. We
are overburdened with silver in the share of half-crowns„
while the sixpences are worn, and drilled, and battered.
and bent, till they aro almost worthless. They are as
great a disgrace to the currency of an enlightened (!) corn.
mercial country as the Ministers themselves are to its,
government —Liverpool Mercury.
THE WEST-END INSTITUTION FOR RELIEP OP THE
lioevening the above esta•
hlifor the reception of about
sirmneLnEts, swPhiocohai.s—forsulnonideday
200 individuals, and which is situated at 60, Market-
street, Edgware-road, was opened. Hundreds of wretched
applicants wore in waiting, and after the necessary exa-
mination was gone through, the asylum was completely
filled. The asylum has been established upwards of six
years, during which time 110,000 persons have beets
relieved wish a supper of breed and a pint and a half ut
beef soup, a comfortable bed, and•breakfast of bread and
milk. Soap and hot water are plentifully supplied to
cleanse their persons and clothing, which has hitherto
proved a sufficient antidote to infection and disesu,e, no
Case having occurred slue the *3o4b/ishment ot the in-
tititutiOP,l

HIGH WATER AT 'LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Mot -ing 19 minutes after 9 I Evening 51 minutes after 8