The Sun.
London, England, 1828-09-03 00:00:00

STATE OF THE COUNTRY.

YORK, AUG. took Hull in my way
from Lincoln to this place, as well to see the
third rate sea-port town in the kingdom, as to
have some accounts of those grumblers of the
shipping interest, who have for years been railing
against Mr. Huskisson, and pressing on him the
certainty of their destruction if the new system
were continued. Among the first objects that
attract a stranger's notice on entering the place
is the extensive dock, which is on the point of
being finished. This dock was commenced
about twe) years ago, and has been carrying on
with great spirit ever since. Though the 'ship-
ping interest in that quarter is entirely ruined,
according to the accounts of the grumblers, and
they had two large docks before, besides the river
Hull, it appears that they have not yet sufficient
room for their vessels, and have calculated on it
being a good concern to cut out another dock,
at the expense of more than 100,0001. If the
shipping of the country were in the state they
would fain make people believe, would these
proprietors—Yorkshiremen, too—be so foolish
as to make swch an addition to their esta-
blishment ? The real state of the case is, these
gentlemen cannot make such enormous profits
now as they did during the war, and they vent
their ill-humour against the new system without
rhyme or reason. A gentleman of this place,
who appeared to be well acquainted with the
question, informed me that great numbers of
ship-masters, who understood their trade, and
could attend to their affairs themselves, and be
content with a moderate profit, were doing a
good deal of business. The chief of the loss
had fallen on men who had speculated during
the war, who knew nothing of the trade, but in-
trusted the management to others at a great ex-
pense and loss ; and when the profits could not
meet the expense, they attributed all the evil
most inconsistently to the free-trade system of Mr.
Huskisson, An American gentleman, who had
just come from New York, and who joined in
the conversation, said that the complaints against
Mr. Huskisson in that place were far more vio-
lent and bitter than here. Since he had intro-
duced his new measures, in 1825, their shipping
trade had fallen off nearly one-half, and one and
all of them prayed that he might ultimately be
deprived of the power of carrying them fully into
effect. So much for the benefits conferred
on foreigners by the Wee-trade system. I may
add (for the opinion of an iiiftlligent and im-
partial man like this is of great moment), that
Jae informed rise that he was connected with a
firm which made use of a large quantity of grain
in the course of the year ; hut, so far were they
from crediting the accounts in the papers of the
hopeless state of the crops, that they had not
purchased one quarter more than the usual quan-
tity, for which they had immediate use. People
are not inclined to give much credit to such re-
ports, when they find that in their own neigh-
bourhood, instead of the grain being either de-
fective in the ear or destroyed by the rains, it is
much better than an average crop. From Lin-
coln to York, all an agricultural country, I did
not see more than three fields at all injured. In
the low marshy land between .Hull and Bever-
ley the country had been partially flooded,
etid, a few fields of hay and beans had been
nearly destroyed; but, to bring forward a
spot of this description to prove thit the crops
in general bad been irretrievably ruined, is the
most barefaced impudence that can be imagined. I
never heard any opinion more general (and
have conversed with individuals from almost
every part of Yorkshire) than that the crops are
uncommonly good, and not at all injured by the
rain. I met a band of Forty-shillineers, pat re-
turned
from the neighbourhood of lioldernesß,
-there they had been employed in cutting down
the ern, and their statement was " a capital crop
cut, and all nearly in, and in good con-
dition.' if shall have done with this subjrct in
a few words ; but .1 cannot leave it without bear-
ing testimony to the admirable system of farming
adopted all the way from Hull to York. The
land is all in an excellent state of cultivation ;
every field so free of weeds—the edges and plan-
tations in such good order—and the farm-houses,
scattered .thickly up and down the country, so
neat and comfortable-looking—that a man can-
not believe his senses if the agricultural interest
;a so depressed as the landlords, last Session,
would make Parliament believe. The weather
is uncommonly hot, with every appearance of
continuing good ; and, taking every thing into
account, it is extremely probable that the late rains,
instead of having produced mischief, in a
general point of view, have had a different effect.
They have been most beneficial in the lighter
;c.iils; and I trust that in the accounts which
may give you from the North, where the harvest
is later, I shall be able to give an equally satis-
factory statement,
The perfection to which travelling in this part
country has been carried—what from
-,eauaboats and the convenience and excellence
of time .:93c117—seerris to have inspired the in-
habitants 51.1.,-1 a sort of mania for excursions.
Two steam-boaLe ~;set out from Hull yesterday, at
the same time, with fin:a..3oo on board of each,
nearly as thickly crammed toge*er as sheep in a
pen in Smithfield, for the purpose of having a
view of the ocean at the mouth of the ihni-iber ;
and, just as they were leaving, a third arrived
from Gainsborough, with 250 off board, most of
them with no other object but pleasure. One
could not have a better specimen of the superior
mode of travelling in this country than in going
from Lincoln to Hull. Three or four coaches
pass every day. On reaching the Humber at
Barton, a steam-boat is ready to receive the pas-
sengers ; they have merely to step from the quay
into the boat, and in half an hour they are landed,
after a voyage of seven miles, for a shilling a
head. In most other countries one would be
tormented with passports, custom-house-officers,
and other innumerable annoyances, which pre-
vent every man from leaving his home but on
#:ome urgent business. This journey, a distance
a 43 miles, is performed in five hours.. In
most partss of Italy, anti Spain and Portugal, it
would ratelire two days, besides the infliction of
doing penance in some uninhabited inn, and
running the risk of falling into the hands of ban-
ditti. 'The description of views is generally un-
interesting ; but I cannot help mentioning that,
from the high ground above B es•
eracy, you see
-York Minster, about 25 miles distant, and a
rich plain extending for abOut 30- miles before
you, and on each hand. This magnificent Ca-
thedral is 1101 V fitting up for the grand Musical
festival on the 23d of next month, and the inn-
keepers and other good. people of York are
looking forward with great satisfaction to the
satins which they shall make on the occasion.

A company is said to have been recently
f.lrmed, who offer, for an annual subseription, to keep up
the monuments in the cemeteries of Paris, and supply
;towers and garlands.. The company also proposes to com-
pose inscriptions a prose and verse.— G align an-." 4 Mfr-
. itnpr,

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRENCH PAPERS.
(From the Gazette de France, Sept. 1.)

Lisuos, AUG. 16.—The Constitutionalists have
endeavoured to spread a: report of the speedy depar-
ture of the Spanish Legation. Such an assertion is
absurd, at the noment when Spain concurs with all
its power to make' the cause of legitimacy triumph
in Portugal ; its intentions in this respect are known
to all Europe, and the intimacy between the two
Courts has never been more close than it is at this
moment ; there is no better proof of this than the
activity which is perceived in the intercourse between
the two Courts, anti the favour which the Spanish
Minister enjoys with our young Sovereign.
The most perfect harmony still prevails between
Don Miguel and his illustrious Mother. This Prin-
cess, whose superior mind has always discerned the
true interests of Portugal, continues to direct her
attention to State affairs, and her son makes it his
duty to consult her on all occasions, and to show her
the greatest respect.
The letters from the Provinces are satisfactory,
and we hope that the reduction of Madeira will soon
complete the general pacification of this kingdom
and its dependencies.
PARIS, AUG. 31.--We announced ten days ago
that the campaign against the Turks was finished,
and that, in our opinion, the Russians would not
reach Constantinople this year. All the accounts
which have since reached Paris tend to confirm what
we advanced on this. subject. Negociations are
opened tinder auspices which give reason to hope a
result favourable to the peace of Europe. Some
persons pretend that the news of an armistice is pre-
mature, hut letters from Vienna speak of it as cer-
tain ; however, if there is not an armistice by agree-
ment, there is one in fact, the defence prepared by
the Turks having placed the Russians under the ne-
cessity of suspending their operations till the arrival
of fresh troops, who will require much time before
they will arrive at Shurala. We still persist in our
opinion, that the intercession of some European
Cabinets has not been without influence on this
suspension of arms. -
A letter from Frankfort, of the 26th of August,
says-•--" It has been reported since yesterday, that
Field Marshal Prince Philip, of Hesse Romberg,
died on his way to the Russian head-quarters."
(From the illessgger des Chambres, Aug. 31.)

PARIS, AUG. 30.—The news of the occupation
of Mahon by French troops, announced at Lloyd's
Coffee-house, is destitute of foundation.
It is in that port that the skips employed in the
blockade of Algiers go to revictual ; but they stay
there only a short time. We are ignorant what can
have given rise to this strange piece of news.

(From the Constitutionnel.)

PARIS, AUG. 31.—We have received the follow-
ing letter from Vienna, dated August 20, which
places the affairs of Turkey and Russia under a new
point of view :
The news of the arrival of the Emperor Nicholas
at Odessa, is, for the ('abinet of Prince Metternich,
a sort of 28th bulletin, on which the Turcopkileg
found the greatest hopes. The funds have risen.
The armaments of Austria are hastening; it is sup-
posed that they are intended to take part in a great
political catastrophe, and the excitement produces so
many rumours that Madame de Tatischef has re-
solved to proceed to Odessa, in order not to be in
the midst of the society of this capital. Those who
attend to passing events imagine that the partisans
of Turkey may repent of their intrigues; for what
f shall now state seems certain. The Emperor, after
having proceeded with considerable forces on the
side of Shumla, in order to keep the Turks in
check there—who will not he long before they dis-
band for want of provisions, and after having pro-
vided for the siege of Varna, has returned to Bessa-
rabia. For this he has had several reasons. He
wished to free his head-quarters from the Ambassa-
dors' agents and diplomatists, who were very much
in his way, and by concentrating them at Odessa he
has placed them beyond his line of operations, and
cut short the bulletins which they circulated. Hence-
forth the operations will only be known when they
are executed, and the enemy will not again be in-
formed of the Russian movements. In listening to
the proposals of the Turks the Emperor will not
relax his operations. If they treat for an armistiea
on the side of Shumla, the war is actively carried
on at Routchouck. The fight and the general shock
will take place about the sth of September. Before
that time we have heard that Nicholas, well con-
vinced that the words of the Turks cannot be relied
on, will leave Bessarabia at the head of his guards,
and a fourth army which is organizing in that pro-
vince, and will advance rapidly. Either by treaty or
by fighting, the Turks must be driven towards the
south of the Balkan before the Equinox. An armistice
has been talked of, but the Turks have always been
answered that they must first evacuate Varna,
Shumla,; and Routchouck, so that the right bank of
the Danube shall be left in the power of the Russians.
Snch is the real state of things.
(From the Journal flea Debats.)

Naig, AVG. 31.—The news from Shornls, by
Berlin, is of August 8, or five days later than the
departure of the F.mperor, and nothing direct from
that place confirms the reports of an armistice re-
peated by the letters from Odessa. On the con-
trary, the troops had been sent from the principal
corps of the Russian army to reinforce Prince Menz-
choir, who commands the siege of Varna. The
possession of this place seems to be thought essen-
tial to a serious movement of the Russians into the
heart of Turkey. The fighting under the walls of
Shumla continues. _ _ _

Great exertions are making to fortify. Grenoble
Barracks are shortly to contain 15,000 men, and ex-
tensive fortifications are about to be erected. Doubts
are entertained whether these fortifications have
long been ordered, or only now resolved on in con-
sequence of the designs of Austria on Piedmont.—
Precurseur de Lyoni.

Nearly 1,500 persons went to Margate by the
steam-packets on Saturday last ; the charge was only ss.
A head, and a further reduction is expected fin. Saturday
next, to 39. per head.

The ri.iilli;;.ess of Dr. PARR to ladies was
sometimes eXtreme. TA 3 lady who had ventured to op-
pose him with more warmth of temper than cogency of
reasoning, and who afterwards apiil.Tised for herself by
saying, " that it is the privilege of women to talk non-
`1"1"."—" No, madam," replied Dr. PARR, " it is not
their privilege, but their infirmity. Ducks would walk
if they could ; but nature suffers them only to waddle."

It la soMe time since We revp;fleil the intrigues
Jot,: extend and censnlid
nion in Italy, • '
of Austria, with a vie ate its domi-
thou
toot, the Austrian Obserrer,official
journal
of
41.
.4vrigß-
. stoutly denied the truth of
our assertion. The fact is, however, that the right en,
forced by every absolute
1821 and
consecrated by the
Neapolitan invasion of 18
of ISM places France at tlie andby
the Spanish
presentinvasion day exactly in the
ssrue situe4on as at the periods
when foreign intervention
was exercised in the two Peninsulas.
Rh'ille, France is separated m fro Austria by a line of con-
stitutional or semi-constitutional 4,4,4 . Ise;,
title grew out of the decisions of the cA,
, rights to this i
and are secured by all that remains of thegTer's 4f Yienna,
indeoe d
the Germanic empire. Thus it is not upon ti;,:i;,""o'l
France and Austria are likely to come into in,,sti:Fe sic that
but on the side of the Alps, between the two concor:tet,
the iumense Italian population subjected to ,d;so-l•urr, is
go-
vernment by the prejudices of its Princes, but whoe
dently desire liberty, fa,arless of Austrian bayonets. Tara;
it is which explains the recent rierlmontese irruptions ; and
the intrigues now on foot will lesri to ,rerais consequences,
if some strong influence be not used to put them down, It
has been the fashion io look upon the people in question
with indifference; but growing events will ere long bring
the country into importance, and the qiiestion will soon
arise whether Italy is to belong to liberty, or to become the
prey to absolutism. A very interesting work has lately
been published here relative to the Piedniontese, and giving
an account of the revolution of 1821, in which the author
endeavours to prove that according to the stipulations made
by
France in 1014 and 1814, Piedmont ought to have
been ruled by a constitutional government, and that atm°
lut' ism had only been introducedusurpation d• . .by au_ injustice.
-`,LFOrt; .Paper,

F
1.11.
~441,146
ritsr

LONDON.
WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 3, 1828.

Government are at this moment more anxious
for news from Odessa than from any other
quarter, for upon the answer of NICHOLAS de-
pends the question of peace or war. That NI-
cHoLAs will still profess moderation in his views
upon Turkey we have no doubt, but what will
professions avail if his armies .do not retire
beyond the Danube, and retrace their steps from
Asiatic Turkey ? And will NICHOLAS consent
to such terms in deference to 'Lard HEYTES-
BURY ? He dare not. His Nobles, his army,
his people, would cry. out ." Shame" upon such
pusillanimity. The EMPEROR may well say that
circumstances now place it beyond his power to act
up to his professions of moderation. He may, in-
deed, promise to demand only so much territory
and oo much money from the SULTAN, but
when once he is in possession of Constantinople,
his views will change, and he will square his
moderation to the exigency of the case. We
do not see how he can retract with safety—
certainly not with honQur. Had our Go•
vernment remonstrated in time, the EMPEROR
would not have found it a difficult matter to listen
to reason, but now that he stands committed to
have indemnity for the past, and security for the
future, he has no choice but to proceed—and
proeeed he will, unless the strong arm of neces-
sity prevent him. We do not envy the
Cabinet musings of the Illustrious Chief whose
thoughts now point to Odessa, awl seek relief
by glancing at embodied Ireland. If he really
contemplates granting Catholic Emancipation it
ought to be done at once, in the event of
NICHOLAS provoking him to a war, and so
rendering it a matter of necessity to conciliate
Ireland before he looks abroad for commo-
tion. As a matter of policy, he must see
the generalship of saving thirty thousand men
and double that number would not now keep'
down the marshalled population of Ireland m
the event of war—the Duke must surely see the
wisdom—the necessity of conciliating six mil-
lions of people, before he takes the field against
such a Power as Russia. The Duke views the
Catholic Question as one of expediency—can it
ever be more expedient to grant than at
this moment ? If a rebellion ensue from non-
compliance with the grievances of an oppressed
people, how much will not the Duke have to
answer for ? But we hope that the Irish know
their own strength better—that they will only
consult the good of their country by a strict adhe-
rence to the laws—that they will persevere in the
course which they have so wisely adopted—and
trust to the justice of their cause, if not to the
generosity of their oppressors. They must suc-
ceed at last.

The French. Papers contain some news from
Lisbon to the 17th of August, at which time
reports were spread that the Spanish Legation
were to take their departure, but these reports
were scouted by the Miguelites as absurd, be-
cause the intimacy between the two Courts was
never more close than at this moment. When
despot leagues with despot, the people have good
reason to look to themselves. MrGuEL and
FERDINAkID May understand each other, but
they will find ere long that the people of the
Peninsula will also understand each other, eng
consult their true interests by limiting the
tyranny of their rulers, and the undue inter-
. fin.ence of the Jesuits in temporal matters. It
.
' even said that the Marquis de CHAVES,
the rebel supporter of Don MIGUEL, has
lately become so disgusted with the conduct
of his MAJESTY that he contemplates another
rebellion against himself! This is just as it should
be, The day of retribution must come, sooner
or later, when, not MIGuEr., but FERDINAND

will look round for protection, and be answered
by the curses, loud and deep, of an outraged and
indignant population. If we are to believe the
news from Madrid, Catalonia is again in arms, and
will probably occupy the attention of FERDI..
NAND for the winter, without allowing him
leisure and troops to make a descent on Mexico.

The Gazette de France, in the absence of
authentic news from the East, amuses its readers
with prophetic assertions that the Russians will
not see Constantinople this campaign—that an
armistice has taken place, or will take place in
consequence of the intervention of other Courts,
and that the weakness of the Russians will in-
duce them to desist. As all these assertions are
merely gratuitous suppositions, we will not
discuss their probability in the absence of authen-
tic information. As to the weakness of the
Russians—the fact of immense reinforcements
constantly marching to join the Imperial army
is, we think, a sufficient answer. The army
before Shumla may be sufficiently numerous to
invest the fortress, which it in fact does,

but it may not be so strong as to warrant
the storming of a place so strong by
nature and rendered still stronger by art.—
Unless the EMPEROR could spare the loss of
the thousands which must fall in assaulting
Shumla, it would be madness to make the attempt.
It is not sufficient for his ulterior purpose that
he captures Shumla, without being able to follow
up his success by an immediate march upon
Adrianople, through the difficult and well-defended
passes of the Balkan Mountains. But we have
no doubt if he take Shumla by storm, that
it will strike sudden and very general terror
into the Turks, who would feel greatly pa-
ralyzed in their defence of the passes against
an army flushed with capturing the " hitherto
impregnable" strong-hold of Ottoman power.—
The capture of Varna is still more important, in
a military point of view, to the Russians, for it
forms the key to Constantinople by the coast,
and would Maintain the communication with the
fleet open.

There are many roads to notoriety in this
wicked world, and Mr. PETER LAYNG has
chalked out a new one for himself. But he is
not very likely to get many imitators in his
shilling speculation, unless, indeed, the good
people of Bartholomew Fair cut him out in his
new vocation. We will answer for it that if
Mr. PETER LAYNG took a booth in Smithfield-
market, and exhibited himself as the " sup-
porter of the House of Brunswick" at a
shilling a head, he would draw more than
all the wild beasts put together. We wonder
that he did not think of this speculation, for
it would be sure to take, and he wOuld be certain
of a meeting from the four quarters of the Globe
to keep his loyalty in countenance,
,and do fitting
justice to his speeches. It would be loyalty on
all.finirs, with Mr. PETER LAYNG to back It !

THE FUNDS-(THIS DAY).

CITY, TwaLrs o'CLocz.

Speculators seem nearly at a stand still, for the
present, in British Securities, it being the opinion of
many individuals that the calm which at present
exists is but the forerunner of a political explosion,
that may operate powerfully on the price of the
English Funds, and for this reason they seem de-
sirous to avoid entering into new engagements.
Consols opened at 874, rather buyers, for account,
and sellers for money, but after a trifling transaction
or two became 87i for both periods, the difference
being only a sixteenth, and after being 874, buyers
again, 87.1 4 is now the price, with scarcely any
business. India Bonds are 108 110; Exchequer
Bills, 75 6 pm.
The Foreign Funds are in a similar dormant state.
Brazilian Bonds are 62i s 4 ; Colombian, 244 1, a
little more life seems to exist in this stock ; Danish,
631 ; Russian, 93i 44, ex. div.; and Portuguese,
54 1. In Shares Bolanos are 140 150, and Bra-
zilian, 43 5 pm.; Real Del Monte, 140 120 die.
Three per Cent. Consols, 871; Ditto, for Aceount,
27i ; Three per Cent. Reduced, 884- ; Three and
a-balf per Cent. Reduced, 97 1 ; Four per Cent., 1024-
Four per Cent., 1826, 1051 ; India Stock, 242 3;
Bank Stock, 2141 151; ludic Bemis, 108 110 pm.;
Exchequer kills, 75 6 pal.
FsaalcN.—Brazilian, 62.1 34-; Buenos Ayres, 43 5 ;
Chian, 26 8 ; Colombian, 244- 1; Danish, 631 ; Greek,
12 19 ; Mexican, Five per Cent., 291 301; Ditto, Six
per Cent., 39i 404 ; Peruvian, 22 3 ; Portuguese, 534-
44: Russian, 934 44, ex. div. ; Spanish, 11 1.
MsztEs.—Angle Mexican, 671 his. ; Brazilian, 43
45 pm. ; Bolero*, 140 50 pm. ; Colombian, 4 3 dis. ;
Real Del Monte, 14-0 120 dis. ; United Mexican, 18 17 dia.
TWO O'CLOCK.

The following stocks shut for the dividend to-day,
viz.—Three per Cent. Reduced ; Long Annuities ;
and Old South Sea Stock. To-morrow, Bank
Stock ; 31 per Cent. Reduced ; and on the follow-
ing day, 4 per Cent., 1826. From this circum-
stance a more than usual quantum of business has
generally been doing, notwithstanding which every
thing remains very quiet ; the heavy stocks are a
little on the advance; the Four per Cents, 1826 are
105 i 106 ; Consols, 874, sellers, for money, and the
same for account ; India Bonds are somewhat lower,
as well as Exchequer Bills, the former being 107 9,
and the latter, 74 5 pm. There is nothing doing in
the Foreign market.

TIMER 0' CL OCX
Consols for Aocount, 871.
FOUR O'CLOCK. .CLOSING PRICES.
Consols 87i i Danish 631
Do. for Ac. 871 .ta Greek, 1825 lit 3
Brazilian Bondy 62i Mexican, 1825 39
Buenos Ayres Peruyilui
Chilian Do. Russian 031
Columbian, 1824 24k1 Spanish, 1821 11

Teignmouth is very full at the time, Laying
a greater number of fashion Ables than ever before visited
it, although its heanties have been long known and justly
admired. Exeter Alfred.
Liverpool is, at the present moment, full of
visitors from the interior. The river steam-boats :.re daily
crowded, and those which make excursions to the Floating-
light, carry hundreds of pas.sengers several times io the
week. We suspect that there is more money made by the
steamers that ply on the Mersey than by those which 'par-
form distant voyages. Aquatic excursions are now all the
rage, and people who dare net venture their precious car,
cases in a sail boat, do not hesitate to take long trips in a
stearn.vessej,—Liverpool

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE-(THIS DA Y.)

FROM LLOYD'S.

DEIL, SEPT.- 2.--Wind N.E. by E.--Arrived
tio►n London, the Swan, Longrope, for Philadelphia.
PORTSMOUTH, SEPT. 2.--Wind E.N.E.—.Arrived
his Majesty's ship Bustard, Captain Smith, from
Nassau. Capt.: Smith would advise Masters of
Merchant vessels to he careful in approaching the
Western Islands, as he fell in with six vessels under
Colombian and Buenos Ayres colours, which he had
no do►ibt were pirates, but eruizing as privateers.
PLYMOUTH, SEPT. 1.---Wind E.--Arrived the
Mercator, Bell, and Pedestrian, Spence, from
Archangel ; and Freedom, Dunker, from Riga.
Arrived off Port, the Electra, Barker, from New
York. Sailed the Victoria, for New South Wales.

DUBLIN, AUG. o.—Arrived the Arina, Buck,
from London; and Richard, Dodd, from Memel.
BRISTOL, SEPT. 2.—Arrived the Thalia, Carr,
from Archangel; and Bulwark, —, from Dantzic.

Arrived in the River, the Isabella, Henderson,
from Petersburgh ; Superior, Keith, from Landscrona;
Albion packet, Morrison, and German, Arnold, from
Hamburgh ; and Helens, Adie, from Riga.