The Sun.
London, England, 1844-05-18 00:00:00

FRENCH RAILWAYS.

In the Chamber of Deputies, on Wednesday, the Minister
of Public Works introduced several Railway Bills, which
have been looked forward to with great interest by specula-
tors both in France and in England. The Bills introduced
on Wednesday are for the construction of the following new
lines of railways :-
1. A Bill for the classement (fixing of the line) of the
railway from Vierzon to Chateauroux and Limoges on the
one part, and from Vierzon to Bourges and Clermont on the
other.

2. A Bill to raise 28 millions of francs fir the continuation
of that part of the railway from Paris to the Atlantic, si-
tuated between Tours and Nantes.
3. A Bill for the classement of a railroad from Paris to
Rennes, by Chartres and Laval.
4. A Bill dmuuding a credit of eighty-eight millions of
francs for the completion of that part of the railway leading
from Paris to the frontiers of Germany, situated between
Paris and Hommarting, and passing through Epernay, Cha-
lons, Bar le Duc, and Nancy, with a branch railroad to
Rheims and Metz.

These different Bills comprise the formation of railroads to
the extent of about 500 leagues. They are all to be made
according to the mixed system laid down in the law of 1842.
The Debuts says—" The outlay on the part of the State will be
about 60,000,000 f. per annum during six years. With the re-
sources at the disposal of the Minister of the Interior the
amount set aside for railroads is available without any embar-
rassment to the Treasury. The outlay, at the expense of Com-
panies, will be about 250 millions. The whole comprises an
operation of 600 millions, without counting all the other
public works which the State executes on the roads, the
rivers, the canals, and in the harbours, and independently
of that which is expended by powerful public companies, such
as the Rouen and Havre Railway Company, whose works
alone will absorb about forty millions."

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAT.
GLOBE.—Sir Robert Peel's Administration was
opened by high-sounding announcements of approaching
law reforms. Public expectation was on tip-tie. Lord
Lyndhurst was Chancellor. As head of the law,
whatever changes were proposed in the existing eco-
nomy of the law courts, must, of course, be first sub-
mitted to him for his sanction, if they were not ac-
tually the suggestions of his own mind. The name of
Lyndhurst and Reform, of any kind, was rather an
unpromising association for any beneficial results ; no
very strong anticipations in the public mind, or among
professional men, were therefore caused by the announce-
ment. Still there was hope. Political chemistry is
possessed of extraordinary powers. It can neutralise
antipathies, and bring into affinity bodies which
once seemed to be incapable of cohesion. Lord
Lyndhurst was Chancellor. For the purpose of pro-
ducing a favourable impression, law reform might be
seriously taken up by the Cabinet. Even Lord Lynd-
hurst might consent to forego his well-known dislike to
reform ; take the part assigned him in the State drama,
and play Reformer of flagrant abuses in the adminis-
tration of the law, as a means of obtaining popularity.
The Court of Chancery was the first Court in which Lord
Lyndhurst's newly-kindled zeal for Law Reform
was to be tested. The Six Clerks' Office, with its enor-
mous impositions in the shape of fees, and incessant im-
pediments to the progress of litigation in the Court,
had long drained the resources, protracted the suits, and
exhausted the patience of the unhappy suitors. There
was, therefore, a considerable degree of satisfaction, ac-
companied by a more than equal portion of surprise,
when Lord Lyndhurst's Bill for the abolition of these
useless offices was. announced ; satisfaction, that
the nuisance was likely to be, at length—abolished;
surprise that its abolition should emanate from
such a quarter; proposed, as it was by the very
individual who had pertinaciously contended for
retaining it when a Bill for its removal was introduced
by his predecessor. Still, as we have said, there is a
vast difference between being in, and being out, of office.
The same measure which faction may oppose and de-
nounce as impolitic and unjust, will be taken up, and
recommended to Parliament as excellent, when its adop-
tion is likely to give eclat to a Cabinet, or will minister
to the personal advantage of a Minister of the Crown !
Lord Lyndhurst's Chancery Offices Abolition Bill is
a fine illustration of the mysterious influences which
a scat on the woolsack exercises over the visual faculties
of its possessor. In 1833 Lord Lyndhurst violently
and successfully opposed a Bill introduced to the
House of Lords for the very objects his own Bill of
1842 carried into effect. True, Lord Lyndhurst would
not have had the power of awarding the compen-
sation under the Bill of 1833. There would then have
been no compensation clauses smuggled into the Bill
at the last hour, enabling the holders of the abo-
lished offices to claim upwards of a million ster-
ling. No " order's" would then have issued, with
" Lyndhurst, C." affixed, by which that enormous
amount of compensation would be allowed, and annual
pensions assigned to these sinecurists during life—with
remainders after death—which should exceed the an-
nual salaries of Cabinet Ministers. These concomi-
tants of Chancery Reform were left to the ingenuity
of Lord Lyndhurst to devise and carry into effect. They
certainly throw a halo around the measure, by which
the distinguishing characteristics of Law Reform, under
such auspices, are seen by their own light. They serve
to show how much the country is indebted to Sir
R. Peel's Administration for improvements in the judi-
cial institutions of the country ; and will ensure a cer-
tain kind of immortality to Lord Lyndhurst, as one of
the most extraordinary law -reformers of his times.
We are glad to sec that the Lord Chancellor is se-
cured in the possession of undivided merit in the
matter of these enormous compensations. Sir James
Graham, in the course of the debate on Mr. Watson's
motion on the subject, endeavoured to produce an im-
pression that Lord Cottenham had assented to the
scheme. It appears, however, that Lord Cottenham
declines the honour assigned to him by the Right Hon.
Home Secretary. It is Lord Lyndhurst's own. The
compensation plan—with all its munificent provisions for
the holders of the offices abolished by the Bill—is the
emanation of his mind and will. The Chancellor must
have consented, after a long struggle with himself, if
not with his colleagues in the Cabinet, to abolish these
offices ; seeing that in 1833 he regarded them as an
essential part of a perfectly wise and good system of
equity jurisprudence. No wonder, then, that his com-
pensation-scheme was so munificent ! The value of
the offices to the public was in the Lord Chancellor's eye
when be drew up the scheme which allots a million
sterling to the holders of such posts. The idea of
continuing an interest in the compensation fund to the
holders of the offices for a given period after their
decease, is also worthy of commendation. Lord
Lyndhurst, possibly, had a reference to, and put a
liberal interpretation on, a much-controverted pas-
sage of Scripture:—" Make to yourselves friends
of the mammon of unrighteousness." We have
remarked that Sir James Graham endeavoured
on Tuesday night to assign a part of the merit to Lord
Cottenham. The mistake into which the Right Ron.

Baronet fell was very properly rectified, at the Noblt
and Learned Lord's instance, by Lord John Russell.
Sir James Graham said something about having be
misled by Mr. Wainwright, who drew the Bill. nil
will, however, be ample opportunity for ascertaining vel
occasioned the mistake, so derogatory from Lord LYnif •
hurst's merits. The subject will be resumed, when, to
colloquial phrase, " the saddle will be placed on the
right horse."
STANDARD.—The Globe undertakes to criticise
our remarks upon the foolish speech with which thta.
Dublin Conservative Association was dissolved, al,
charges us with inconsistency, because we formal)
give our support to the Society in questil
But there is no inconsistency in our ennritte
The Association was formed for a terarl
purpose—to rescue Ireland from the tyranny oi
Daniel O'Connell ; and, under the guidance of oche%
as Mr. Butt, whom we do not find taking any part in
late proceedings, it nobly accomplished that plirPJoir
"Thenceforward its occupation was gone." Mr. Crit—ely
nell is not vow the tyrant of Ireland. lle is eca',o4
lord of himself." Nobody complains that anY of
class of Irishmen is either injured or oppresset.oo:
of any danger threatened to any good •Instituti.r
Why, then, might not the Dublin Conservative stes°‘l,4
tion follow the example of so many similar associan"s
in England, that have dissolved themselves beesi.
they have fulfilled their mission, in restoring the
servative legislation and government ? Why shoulu,
few, who may have kept the thing alive bv,),t,10,
its proper period, for :he indulgence of personal va;-ce
or the prosecution of personal gain, reflect diEg'srp
upon the pure and useful period of its his
ees
by ascribing to the whole body their ovvn, "Ore
feelings? It is of that that we complain, and pills
plaid; is no inconsistenty in this complain' it
the highest possible respect for the Association the
those days when it was the rallying point of for
good and the wise, because it was necessary tbirisfe,
the good and wise to take an active part in ptheb'eatibi
By the way, it may be the means of saving
some labour, and sparing the Irish Chief Justice sulk
abuse, if we remind our Contemporary, that bir;
the
ward Pennefather was a Whig when he adviee°6ol
Corporation of Kilkenny, and was Lord Grey
'l
A ttorney -G eneral. I

BANKING AFFAIRS. gog)
The private country bankers and deputies of pia; 110
banks have had meetings to sonsider the Govermoebnereso
for the reform of our monetary system. Their deli 000
have not been open to the press, but we believe fist .04
chief efforts will be made to induce the Premier,Pilts!
them a higher average than they would receive ice'isttra
abide by the amount of the average of issues for the'or
years as a rule to fix their maximum of circulation.'„/
ten years next to come. To accomplish that object, P4;O
probably endeavour to maintain an extension of thesiogibi,„
years in which the averages are to be calculated. Du":"0/0„;
year 1839 the issues of the private banks were in liver tiir
returned at less than 6,680,0001., nor in year 1840 10?!...u,
6,165,000/. The lowest return of the joint-stock...n ib°.
1839, was 3,945,9071., and in 1840, 3,542,510/. In volf
1841, the issues of the private banks had fitlielimpli
5,718,211/., and those of the joint-stock to 3,217 r" iso
December, 1842, the circulation of the private banksoi
5,085,885/., and that of tile joint-stock banks 3',.„AdP.
In December, 1843, the issues of the private banks ferxe
nished to 4,533,0481., and the joint-stock w f
3,161,033/. For the four weeks ending the 27t11 vo tiro
last, the circulation of the private banks again shlo et!
dency to increase, being stated at 5,295,239/., and tm ifist
joint-stock banks at 3,752,867 ; but comparing the us!.
turns with those of the similar month in 1839, thersti;g
o(
crease in the issues of private banks annt111601,14.0
2,386,9711., and in joint-stock banks of 1,101,229w-44 0:1,
the large joint-stock banks of issue have taken overii,4
ness lately of private banks, allowing them a sum for
will of theirpromissory notes in circulation. These tr 7,04,70
will be struck at by the operation of the new gc,heit,eed
preventing such joint-stock banks substituting btiole;
paper for that of the private establishment whncefli et no
they had agreed for. The joint-stock banks w P00te6,04
your to obtain special sanction for issuing the
t.lO-10
enable them to complete these contracts withon.,- to
both private and joint-stock banks will endeaveu'oesuly
out a difficulty against the working of theA
poPin the event of an increase of trade and an enlargr,„oool&
tion demanding additional facilities for the devegligisnie
capital, and for affording additional banking accelnwd
As the Bank of England is limited to 14,000,A Slg
on securities, and the country banks to a decl/7.04
mum, it is held by the parties interested in „Puy; te'to
freedom of creating paper money, that then ~tiasP
given out, in exchange for bullion, will not be ad 010
supply the country with the needful amount of c ottmo
carry on the operations of a large extent of trade, ae,
heavy pressure will be felt, and a scarcity of in°lll
falling prices, when the new scheme is ix operation. ionw
turbing influence of the new tariff, and the duill,fes:Astld
which it occasioned, causing a glut in the MoneY ''"depot;co
no doubt be alluded to. The great increase to the boosSe
the banks should not be forgotten, occasioned by the at tits..:.•
of money which has prevailed during the 14.11 pO7
months ; and the means which the banks wl 0,
of affording accommodation from that source, °tot aeh,'
discount and deposit, exclusive of their issues, ra,te o'sri
overlooked. The objections of the banking intectsl.4
noticed are confined chiefly to details, on Whie tbef
entitled to be heard, and any suggestions wineh 0110°
make, tending to facilitate the working of the sf AA
to remove or lessen their own complaints againe're. 0.1:6
doubt receive attention in the proper quarter, sn ;70'
be consistent with the preservation of its principle
cacy.— Chlonicle.

THE PRINCETON CALA—
(From the New York Evening Post.).,haP:j,
The terrible catastrophe of the Princeton,l7lno
the public mind is at this moment so deep1r53,,1461,4
is one of those occasions which should be g 0
grave *0
grave in with the deep impression somethinglo.4ll.4-r
visitations are not sent us by chance, and thclieftitA'
not one of those interpreters who are constanally
ing down God's providence into a series of Peodit
trivances, yet I cannot help remarking here thst teds):l.
ful lesson has been given to the people who Istfoleglie
and at the time when they wanted it most. Tbdoo bljt
lators whose vapouring speeches about Orfai *
been uttered at the hazard, and apparently taiele
to produce a war, never dreamed, probably, tbsolt of oil
of carnage would come near them; they the
pularity and applause, and votes to be acquadrtoti
never thought at all of the bloody quarier;oo.44,
groans of the dying, and the wail of the se 10 4t,
orphan. They have never seen and heard theke 0:00
and when they raise their voices again to in° shosHof
let them bear in mind that they are invoking soros
repetitions, or ten, or twenty thousand, of thl jotitesS
the Princeton—not among their friends 80°,4, 004
Perhaps, but among men whose blood is ;
pangs are as real, whose wives and children I_, eV
more dependent, and whose souls, too, are s'; Pore
before God. How many hearts do you suPPI,OO6O
throbbing with anguishing suspense till
pinedthe.
known of those six sailors who were bri.svilif
calamity. To-morrow's news will tell thein'_, f
ood'
relief to many, but desolation to a fe"-• aan or'
matter to reflect upon; the dead can be burle OS
mended to Heaven's mercy, and then our inugbi
rally find repose; but we must give more 0° o esgboto
living. Consider deeply, and realise, if rojel
sot
sufferings that women and children must e oitior
ask if the man has the heart of a man Isc.ll°re in v 1!
00
hate the light if he had wittingly had any slisos eretoito
ing such evils upon the earth. Not but tbut i,OO -00
fight in case of need, for it is unhappily f,refil6jetihil
proved that passive submission leads to great the
resistance; but we should first of all rells.popiry 138"
who paints war to us in gaudy colours, an Icatr,i‘o
orators with insane common-places about ngroanostO
fore we begin to destroy human life with gun oiti itiots:
must fight the war-demon, the war-spirit; Y.; ourse'ooo.‘
war on the causes of war; we must exer, do its tert
for life and death, to resist, obviate, or eill:to Or
bility, trample out its sparks, and silence log Tod
But if all honourable means fail, and ale &leo
must be let loose, then probably it will are.,.
owe their horrid feast to these exciters wtviiiegiv't
ready to be their jackals. Think of the"- r
you will know what to think of them.
tbe Ito
0g or
THE WEATHER IN CANADA.--"-- 11 fiedi f t
week the weather has been uncommonly fin; ever 0 ea
season, warmer than we recollect to ha day elebe.eo
perienced. The thermometer during the hts mite sc,
have been much below 70 deg., and the ofone. jit
as mild and balmy as in the month of ~rbou tt
has almost entirely disappeared from our Pio jo
we understand that the river is clear as
orbo os
Sorel.—Montreal Courier, April 15. ht A
COOL RETORT.—The. Due deAbandoned
lie
indebted for everything to Napoleon,
became bflairso
his first reverse of fortune, and n ifo
Exagere. Some time after his seVniao tbfel
the Duke, seeing in the presence of had Psi vst~j,e
officer of the Emperor's Old Guard wh
..yunarea
stood by his late master during the se 500.
sneeringly asked him how long lie ;11,0 the,o01
~
Usurper ? " Just three months, longer ..0 nnoulfto
Feltre, was the reply. The King, I".nuff-1,0
clever saying., smiled and handed his
gallant old soldier.
esSi;
Cs°Plt
BIRTHS. child"' o,oligil tb
On the 15th inst., at the Vicarage, o ,0001
bridgeshire, the lady of the Rev. George.`,,horst, idr*
On the 15th inst., at the Rectory, -"" goo.'
wife of the Rev. George Watts, of a son.
oars, the ter
On the 15th inst., at Bryanston-scl“ol°llc€'
of ter
Parnell, of a son. Brown.s ,
re
On the 16th inst., Mrs. Frederick
crescent,o n the
.1; ahrik the Iscif
Rl6egthenint'sst
Bellinger Brodie, Esq., of a son. •
• h church 0 the jlev•
On the 7th inst., at the parts
MARRIED' f pagenb°lllllo3°
hter of figi
_..sl
Lincoln
Denison, Esq., to Helen,
Lewis Fanshawc, of Parsloes, Vicar woo pi
On the 7th inst., at Leyton, Ess! ;.0 gobhs'"
K.C.H., to Louisa Aim, daughter of
John
01.10
lieu • deed
Forest House. Bucks, cot
On the Bth inst., at Amersham,
Ili
to Sarah Bonner' 11'
Esq., surgeon, of llackney, .oster, dog
of W. Morton, Esq., of Amersham;
I'Vestrai
only daugof
pagobsoe
of
On the 14th inst., at St. James Are' to
,pO, see.
et.
ent-stre
ter of Nathaniel Hill, Esq., of Reg
Pocock, Esq., of Charterhouse-square, t A's

f ty-
DIED. .400 0
k °ere
On the 13th inst., at Leamington, Frances, 111
late Oliver Hatch, Esq. TT dejsr—'
On the 14th inst ,at Oxford-terrace, A--3" Ab Carey., tbe
A. Wingfield, D.D., Prebendary of Worcestero,„ricoeu,
On the 15th inst., at Villa Etruria, St.J John
infant son of James WAdam, Esq. Dowoing' of Ptill
On the 14th inst., at Kensington, Mr J. ~ wife
On the 15th inst., in Harpur-street, Alneas' fog'
Allen, Esq., aged 41. W. lifie'
On the 15th inst., Celia, the wife of George e, re'
of Kennington. flotoott
On the 16th inst., in Castle-street, Holborrt '
lict of the latf Mr. Henry Chabaud.

T T° f
Sun r-R 0
ce, 10.
London: Printed and Published by 14-- PnO - tf °-
No. 112, Strand, Printer, at he S 00.0 •
Strand, in the Precinct of the Strvelp
bliddleaes, Saturday, Afay 18, 1844.