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TUESDAY, AUGUStI9, 1817.

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PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS:

PAPERS RELATING to the SALT DUTIES, &C.
(No. I.—Lord Kenyon and Sir T. Bernard.)
'Portman-Square, 28th March, 1817.'
DEAR consequence Of your last note
to Sir Thomas Bernard,- we beg- leave to attend
you and Mr. Robinson at the Board of Trade, in
order to offer the information which we have oh
tained respecting the Salt, Duties, and the bene-
ficial effects to be produced on agriculture, manu-
factures and fisheries in this country, and on thL
demand, for labour, and the diminution of the
poor's rates, by a modification of the Salt Duties.
If you will allow us to attend you at the board,.
at any time you will fix, to-morrow, or at any
early time next week, except Tuesday, before
four, we will make a point of attending punc-
tually.— Wc' have the honour to be, &c.
(Signed) KENYON. •
T. BERNARD.
The Right Hon. N. Vansittart, &c. &c. &c 4

(No. 2.—=Lord Kenyon and Sir T. Betnard.)
No. 2.—HEADS OF INQUIRY.
It is proposed to submit to the Board, information,
AGRICULTURE,-1st—
As to-the use of refuse Salt, containing about one-third
part of pure Salt, as a manure, whilst permitted,-on payment
of a duty of fourisence a bushel from 1768 and 1785.
As to the use of Salt for preserving hay, and restesring it
when damaged.
Its use fur steeping seed wheat, so as to prevent smut.
Its use iu fatting cattle—increasing the milk of cows—pre-
venting the rot in sheep, and improving their wool—and for
horses and cattle. •
MANIJfACTURES, —2d—
As to the use of Salt in our present manufactures, and in
new manufactures of mineral alkali—sal .iinniuniaC—inuriatie
acid and oxymuri.ttic acid—glauber salts—magnesia ; anti the
demand in Europe. fur them as on article of export. .
The improvements %%Inch mtrllt be, adopted in making Salt.
FiSH ER I ES,-3d—
Allowance of t'tity-iree Salt for the Fisheries,, its insuffi-
ciency, and the impracticability of sailors and poor fishermen
takiug the benefit of it. . '
Numbers of discharged seamen out of employ, smugglers
and stealers of Salt; who might be better employed in fishe-
ries. • - • -
EMPLOYMENT,-4th— •
Increase of demand .for labour in the additional immber of
fishermen—in labourers in the salt worksa--in new manufac—
tures—ha trade and other employnients connected with them.
AMOUNT OF TAX,-5th—
Amount of the Tax On the consumer. • . '
Enhanced on the retail of it.
Its actual expence.and loss to the cottager.
to the. householder.
to the twiner. • •
25th Ma rch, 1817. •
(No. 3.-aLOrd Kenyont) • •
SALT FOR AGRICULTURE.
Ey the information which I have been able to collect, I am
induced to consider. Salt, when sparingly applied, as an ad-
mirahle manure, especially for fallows.and arable land ; and
when mixed up with 9.!ii out °igniters, or refuse dirt or ashes,
to be very valuable alsO on grass lauds. My own experience
convinces me that it is very powerful in destroying vegetation
if laid on too thick, having out a large (atantity of reruse t
of ar. acre .ant, ~7nick alit'• two years
stilt remains quite bare. A land-surveyor of high character
in my neighbourhood, considers that the use of Salt wonld rte
likely to be very valuable in destroying tile .slug, wire .worm,
saail, &c. which often destroy even whole crops. He also
veil rem healers, that salt was used largely in the ningbliour-
hood of the eljgher amt Lower Wienes in • Cliesbit e, before
the duties were raised to their present height. With respiTt'• •
to its value for cattle, horses an,' sl!eep, 1 am informed that it
is Very highly thought of, both as nutriment, and as used ate-
. dic,.,n;ty,iii arstally, amid externally. • Its value is also ekireme-
Sniava f r reouin had . and ill-gotten hay more
now istang and More pslataide to cattle than even good hay
(%o. 4.—Sir T. Bernard.)
. .
The use of foul or refuse Salt for manure is well known in
Cheshire, Worcestershire, and the adjoining Counties. It.
contains abOuts a third of pare salt; the rest being the dirt
and ashes trodden •unsler foot in the pathways about the salt-
works. The farina-es paid Government for the use of it as a'
manure, a ditty of four-pence a bushel (under 8 Geo. 111..
c. 45.1 amiss much more•to the salt proprietor,"as I was told,
for the purchaSa of it at the salt works. Bishop 'a atson
states,, in tis Chemical. Essays (vol. 11. page.7B), that near
3000 tons of this refuse' salt were annually sold a, North-Alt:lr
-alone far in:satire, at eight-pence a basin], inchidiog duty,
ter - 6s. d atots or: load; and IMu informed that there was
a constant demand fist- it at that price.; and that i,. it orces-
tersiore the late Lord Coventry bought many hundred loads
-of this manure fur hiit placeat 1785; how-
ever, itsaise was put a stop by an' Act, which charged it
with the full duty on pore salt ;..in consequence af within, se-
veral hundred thousand loads of very excellent manure have
been thrown into-the ritier'; u nder the inspection of the Ex- .
else Officer,-and have been Wholly lost-to Site cattniry' The
preference given to thiaainsetute for a series of years, during
which its use was pet matted, is primt in its' value. 'Vie dirt
and ashes' mixed with• fin; salt was not iverth carrying far ;
and it would•hare answered -better for tae-distant faCtner to
.have paid evea four imumia load for pure salt, thereby
saving two-ihirds of the carriag-e, and to have mixed. the pure
salt with double the quaittity of dirt and askei in his dunghill
at home. It will, however;- appirelatid, be found that in
this, its in other cases of salt., there were great frauds on the
Revenue, and that no duty was paid on, a cousiderabje part,
' of this manure; but even tben, where the duty was' evaded,
• there-would remain to the •.fariner•the cost of forty shillings
a load, which hardly any other manure is worth. • •
(No. s.r—Lord Kenyon.)
It is obvinus, that with tespect to the Operation of
tde tax,on the consittner of Salt, that a considerable addition
to the pticii Of the Article beyond the amount of the tax must
be occasioned, partly ou account Of the quick paynient'of the
duty which is:required from the maker, and partly froth the
natural consequence of larger capital being-required. In my
neighbour hood, which is near sonic Salt Works, the price per
bushel is 175.6(1. but to the Cottager it is scild'alaid.a pound,
being 11. Os., ad. a bushel. The lost of weight, and-the-bate
weight which is allowed by the
.officers at the Salt Works,
necessarily create still greatei• dem:aids front the retail dealer
than- would ancur, sere it'Ucit-for the heavy amount of tax.
An intelligent friend of mine-computes, that.one house with
another, including farms of all kinds, whether, cheeses
making •or arable, and cottages, whether' keeping a
cow or two or not, about four bushels a year a house
-is a fair computation as the- cousumption: Among
cottage's who keep -no cow, about a bushel a year .is
used; and in all cases where milch cows are kept for. Owes,.
and butter-making, half a bushel a cow may be reckoned a
low average consumption/ independent of the titukutity other-
wise used in the family, and. for curing haven, &c. It is
also conceived, that including in the list of cottagers those
who keep two cows, it may be reckoned as- a low average;
that one bushel and a half Is cottager may be reckoned as the
consumption'; in several' instances I am . authentically in-
formed it is considerablymOre ; but taking it at one bushel,
and a half, the tax is 'll. 2i. 6(1. a-year, being above one-fifth
of the-average rent of cottagere having land sufficient to en-
able them to keep one cuss( in
.ray meighbourhood. The loss
alsd' by not being able to lay in salted food at the cheap time
of the year for so doing, namety part of October, November,
and -December, is not inconsiderable; and no doubt, the cot-
tigers would enjoy food of a very improved description, if
allowed the free use of Salt. My own consumption, of Salt at
liredingtan, Flintshire, last year, When I kept eleven cows,
for checa ,anebutter4aahiq, srwell-es for milk, &c. for the

[PRIG E SEVENPENCE.

family, and where we were about six months, Wasihirteert
and a half bushels, of which six were usedfor dairy-pui p.
and of the remainder. no small (pant ty was etugloyed in salt-
ing five bacons and some parts of pork pigs. In p ()portion.)
however, to the row mode of, living in any family, I conceive
there would be an increase in the consumptime of Salt, and
the health of the community would be thereby cimeiderahty
unproved. It appears, front an accurate report with which
I ant furnished, that in a farm in :Flintshire, occupied on a
mixed plan, of a cheese and Arable farm, that twe ty-three
cows are heat for dime e-making; and reckoning,. t what is
too low au average, half a bushel a cow for chee,e-meking,
there is a consinuption of. eleven and.a half bushels; besides
nine and a half bushels for the consumption of. the family;
the 'quantity used being about twenty-oue bilsbels, and
the rent iof the farm as its fair value-beiog 24tit. it ap-
pears the tax is almost trip percent. Thi., appears too
peculiarly bard, now that Dutch cheese of severe inferior
quality is selling'iu lAnidan, at 9-sd. d pound, while Cheshire
cheese in-the country, or even do livered in London, in many
instances, does not obtain- more than (W. or'7d. a pound, and
the only apparent cause for preference of toe alich, is the
ifreater quantity of .calt, which from th•ir treedom front
duty, they are en third to put into their cheese %visit to ai'd
souse information With which I have been tavoureil resio c;i .g
the quantity of salt used in souse farms stricts. ard:.le, sn
Shropshire, with rvfe.,ence to the no nee Of iubsrbiralit.-
L, ode farm of about -271 acres, the fautily, incuulisur. al:ser-
vants, being twelve, the quantity nsed seven.
bushels; another' of about .216 acres, the family ten, and
qintn,ity of Salt seven bushels; in a third sit About se;
the family four, and quantity of Salt sed rinse bushels,
making on this average th,- consumption of Salt at the rate
of about two bushels to three pc IS.1:13.
The cottagers in Stuisex and tatter parts are in the habit of
purchasing fresh fish, when cheap anti plentiful, to co si-
derahle amount; and it the discharged sailor or Firthc &her-
man could get duty-free Salt twinch they cannot have miner
the present regulations), they %timid be klUjr to sal: their hush
wheneVer there is a ghit, or sell it to the cottager to Scl
stead of, throwing if away; and to supply the poor in their
neighbourhood with fish for their winter store at a very ebe:ip
rate.

(No. 6.—Mr. Cur Wen.)
The Importance of The free use of Salt to agriculture can
scarcely he estimated too. highly.' •
SOt contributes n t only o the: health of cattle and sheep,
accelerates their fattening,. and promotes the quantity of
milk given.. by cows.' It prevents the rot in sheep, and the
effcct of boring when stock are Jed on turnips or clover.
Salt rendeis daqaged hay palatable and nutritious;. awl if
applied in difficult seasons, prevents au undue fermentation
god heat in the stack. • _ _

Chaff and straw would be rendered available •to a much
greater extent than at present by the application of Salt. It
would be a most valuable ingredient in the pieparation of
warm food for stall-fed cattle in the improved systvni of loll-
ing:• I have long been in the habit of usiog Salt as a medi-
sine for cattle ' • and front my experience .of its salutary
effects, fshould consider_ the tree
,use of it as a-coadimeat
would be the greatest boon the 06'6-i:ilea could oestow on
the husbandman.
For many years past I have used ten tons of linseed oil
cakes in soiling, at the cost of 101. per tbn. Were Salt duty
free,. I should prefer it even at an equal expense Ver-annutn;
but if the duties were repealed* I should apprehend if might
be procured at 21. per ton, which would bea saving of 801. a
year in the feeding of 100. head of cattle.
The greatest impedimeet to the general ad plion of sum-
mer soiling, is the to•hoving, front the feeCiog with
closer. Salt would entirely.preveni this injury... h. supe-
riority of the Flemish husbandry over our own.is the once-
stimted use of Salt, by which means the' best pasture and
meadow. grounds in that 'country are pat under a c LiVertible
system, and by the augmentation of gi eel, crops the produce
oft very acre doubled.
• The free use of Salt would greatly tend to promote the Cul-
tiva; ion of green crops., No, folk and Suffolk, he two best
cuitivated counties in England, ba.e one acre in six under
. roat 4st koiri,ind. one acre
iii aert
Slit in solution 'is a highly beneficial steep fur the preven-
tion ofgut in wheat. . ,

The probable con.umpt ion of Salt tot Sheep and cattle way
be taken as folio.ss, v.A.•••-•

Per ono, iu. 14 lb. to the Stone. • Stones.
For 30,00 C .un f sheep - - at 1 sto..e each 60,000,000
1,421,000 - cow. • - 6 - - - - 8,r12(;,000
2,000,000 - cattle 4 - - - 8.000,000
4;0(40001 - I.attt. g orasts ti - -- . 6,600,000
IAOOOOO - drattvst cattle 4 - - ►- 4:8(10,000
horses not
300,000 - j draught, & - - - -
young colts

900,000

Stones (141bs. to*the Stone) - - - - 88,8

Tons

555,1,11

The loss in sheep cannot be estimated at le,s than t per
cent., or 600,000 on 80,000,000 of a'beep;.ai ios. per head;
.300,0004

iling compared with grazing:—

Stone.
Half an acre of clover, 10 tons, or - - - 10600
()Ile acre and a half of•turnips; 20 tons of•bulk 4,a00

6,400

This will feed a beast of 60 atone, from four monthi for
t.) years.
5240 days on clover, at six stone a day - - 4440
424 days on turnips, at ten stone - - - - 4,246
• 5,68.0
. •

The 74e May be allovied fur the milli for four month.
This calculation exceeds much what becis'ts frotn Sur
tritviths to two-pears would-eat. • . -
This gives one•-pound of aninaallood ,for ninety of vegel.
table; t Irelieeesi34y would he More correeL Thus'each acre
affords thirty stone of animal food.
Cattle ;or speech on the• best quality of soil, (after three-
years old) do not acquire more than ten stone, or twelve at:
most. •
_ _

I consider the advantage from Salt, in freding my stock on.
alerm of 800 acres, worth 1,0001. per annum, would exceed
3001. per annum. It salt should prove a(lvantag,ons in pro-
noting the friability of strong dry grounds, it wuiild 'be
found a great benefit. to farmerasou such soils, and to.►nysclf
'in particular.
The labouring families, on an average of five to a .family,
consume a stone each. In families of tradesmen, about nine
'pourids alit-ad.` rhe general tonsuu►ptioh of fail-Woes has
much increased the use of salt.
(Sigried) , J. cumlitN.
• (No. 7.—Mr. Kingston.)' . ,
In reply to your queries, as an agriculturist, I :lave
sitation in saying that Salt, •if freed of duty. wduld lrc ,toe
one- olthe most .usetpl , and general articles of. niandf•e, tbat
eVer was th•iught of, if properly composed, by Mixing it With
mud of any hind, the cleanings of ditches and ponds, the sur-
face of coarse ground thrown into hr ups to rot, blubber, &c.
&c. &c. lam likew►se persuaded that if it could be. afforded
to besprinkled on the layer*. of hay, when making into the
rick, im catching weather, it would prevent its heating and
gett ng mouldy. I bad once some small oxen tied tip to fat-
ten, whieb-did not' thrive, owing, as the bailiff sai4to the
badness of the hay, of which tin y wasted more t ban t bey ate ;
.but by sprinkling it with water in which some salt had been
dissolved, they returned 10 eat it greedily. Fro n this, and
many 'circumstances of a Similar 'nature that I Lave item in-
formed of, by persons of 'nailoubted credibility, I am free to
•say,sthat if the food of cattle tied up to fatten Was sprinkled
with a proper quantity of salt, they would thrive much faster
than by thepresent mode, and would prevent their being bo-
van ,by an excess of green food.
[To be continued.]

EXECUTlON.—Sattirday hiSt, Tholl2aS Flemming:,
convicted of a rape, was executed at Bedford,
pursuant to 'his-sentence : the unhappy man seint-
ed very penitent 5 he said he bad never been
guilty of any crime before, but be had neglected a
place'of •