The Sun.
London, England, 1844-10-23 00:00:00

rilE V LON'DON, WEIJNESDAY ocTo BE R

CHINESE TREATY.
(From the Journal des Debais.)
The dispatches from China, broright by last mail, con-
tain intelligence which is Important to ell nations *hose
eottirrWrce is lirtipai•ing to ail itself tit' the establishitient
of the English at Hong-Kong, and of the opening of the
five ports on the Chinese coast. Interesting in a com-
mercial respect, these accounts are equally so in an his-
torical point of view.

The katesruen of the Celestial Empire, although the
last initiated in the difficult science of diplomacy, aro
likely to distinguish themselves in it, judging by their
debut. Their coup d' essai is a coup de maitre; for it will
be presently seen that, by a treaty, regularly negotiated,
accepted, and ratified, they have just reconquered for
their country—at least very nearly—the position, ex-
clusive and haughty enough, that an unfortunate war had
made them lose.

It will be remembered that Sir Henry Pottinger had
opened
eiorneeetnydwd
with
to n
supplementary
prnap
liel
ltegmot
nations,htei ena ttceaor tinaimttnoh the
commercial
rt
especiallyheiaat
of
Chinese
relations
ai
Nanking,
ieo
between
o s ctm-
ai
nt
wereombreeidgensir°ct otl 17br(elmseoafiis commissioned
England and China,
We published that document some
months ago, such as it had been translated in the Official
Gazette of llong-Kong ; but we had then no data to
appreciate its terms or real scope. It now appears that
that translation was not a correct one, and that Sir Henry
Pottinger had been the victim of a shameful fraud. The
principal interpreter of the British Legation, Mr. J. R.
Morrison, died whilst the articles were being drawn up.
His death, as Sir henry Pottinger said at the time, was
a national calamity to England, but its consequences
have been still more disastrous than he anticipated, for,
availing themselves of the ignorance of the English pleni-
potentiary both in commercial matters and in the Chinese
language, and of the acrimony that prevailed between him
and the English merchants, who might have given him
advice, the Chinese diplomatists who were opposed to him,
bribed with money the new interpreter, employed from
necessity as a substitute for Mr. Morrison, and Sir
Henry Pottinger happens to have accepted and ratified
in the name of his Government terms that annul, very
nearly, all the advantages obtained by the English at
the cost of so much blood and money, and which will
probably check for a long time to come the rise of the
newly created colony of Hong-Kong.
The fact is, that on comparing the supplementary
treaty, such as it had been submitted to Sir Henry Pot-
tinger by the interpreter whom ho had trusted in, with a
second translation made in England by the most learned
professors of the Chinese language, it has just been dis-
covered that the roost serious and most deplorable dif-
ferences exist between the two translations. In the ver-
sion submitted to Sir Henry Pottinger, not only has the
meaning of several articles been designedly altered, but
important clauses, and whole paragraphs have been left
out, whilst they remain irrevocably recorded, and have
force of law in the original treaty he signed as pleni-
potentiary.
These alterations and suppressions bear upon the
whole document, but principally upon the 13th and the
17th articles, the immediate effect of which is to annul
the establishment of Hong-Kong; to exclude it from all
participation, by transit or coasting trade, in the trade
of the several nations with the five ports; and lastly, to
restrict, nearly as it was before the war, the commerce
of all nations to the solo port of Canton.
The following are the articles, according to tho cor-
rect translation; the italics denote the passages altered
or suppressed in the version submitted to Sir Henry
Pottinger:—
Art. 1. Henceforward: when the Chinese merchants
shall wish to export goods in order to sell them at !long-
Kong, they shall begin by paying the duties according
Few touacrhi ffo 0 inA
mo noey osr i
nog
pt h eor,
oorf
sthhaen
gfihvaee,ports d
boyf
2. When the Chinese merchants shall wish to repair to
rCteacntelitivoeirng in exchange passes from one of those localities. n,
Hong-Kong, in order to take in cargoes of European
goods, they shall in the same way present themselves
before the Chinese authorities of the ports of Canton,
Fouchoo, Amoy, Ningpo, or Shanghae, and demand a
permit for the introduction of such goods paying the
required
idaut Hong-Songties.Bute every Chinese merchantshithan in any
who shalln
buy go
but Chinese vessels provided with passes delivered
at Hong-Kong. These passes and permits shall be every
time and at every voyaye subscribed (vised) by the Itacer,
of the Chinese Custom-house, in order to avoid all contra.-
vention.* As for the other ports of the Hwang-Tong,
Fakien, Chekiang, and Mangle?, such as Chapoo, &ft,
as they are not authorised factories (comptoirs), shonsw,
chants are not permitted to solicit
Kong ; and if from those
permission to Hong-Kong
Customhouses shall make
and denounce them.

Art. 17. The small Eng.
description, such asschooners,
hitherto paid no duty. I'
vessels, whether coming
whether they returtifronV
those exclusively used for,
the moment they shall carry.
even only weighing 100lbS.,
in proportion to their tonnage.
not he fair to apply to them
foreign ships, and seeing
several times during them

fled—the smallest shall be

they have or not that teenage), and the largest Shall be
of 150. Both shall pay a " mace" per ton every time they
shall enter the port. All that shall exceed 150 tons shall
be considered as large ships coming from foreign parts, and
according to the new tariff, shall pay five mace per tomi
As for Pouches, Amoy,. IVingpo, and Shanghais, as none
of those coasting vessels altar iii. it is isdess•to maks any;
regulations on the subject 4 - •
These twO articles, adds the—Debiati,
are linked together with an art that 00111(1.4;41n too,
much admired, if their consequences were not' !pair
detrimental to all flags, by excluding them, or nearly 8%1
from the four ports so recently opened. In set; accord-
in the wording of these articles, it becomes quitei
ruinous to land at Hong-Kong the goods destined ill
the Chinese continent, since, in compliance with the 13t1,
article, their re-exportation can take place but in Chinesce
vessels, that is to say in junks, which can sail but with:
the monsoon, at tide intervals, always with a good
wind, by quietly keeping close to the coast, and which
thus effect in six months a voyage which an European
coasting vessel would accomplish in a few weeks.
There remains, indeed, the alternative of using English
vessels of above ono hundred and fifty tons ;
but,
in such case, with the enormous duty :of five "mace"
per ton, the cost of freight from Hong-Kong to Amoy (a
distance of some hundreds of miles) is nearly the same
as from Liverpool to Canton (a distance of seven thou-
sand leagues.) Lastly, supposing that a ship directly
goes to the five ports withoutpp touching at Hong-Kong,
the owners will have to pay five, six, or even seven
times (if they wish to report a return cargo), that exor-
bitant duty of five " mace " at each port, that is to say,
twenty-five, thirty, or thirty-five "mace" per ton for
the whole voyage, or " much more (es the Friend of
China, of the 17th of April says) than it would cost to
dispatch, without any other trouble, the goods fromean-
ton, by the canals of the interior. This last method
will, therefore, be reverted to, for it avoids immense
fatigue, and all the dangers of navigation; or, in other
worth:, we shall revert to the old system of commerce
exclusively with Canton, where it
is always certain to
find return cargoes. Thanks to the wording of the sup-
plementary treaty,
the freedom of commerce with the
northern ports is, therefore, perfectly illusory; it is a
mere nominal privilege. It also follows that Hong
Kong will henceforth be but accidentally visited by such
ships as may require a refuge in bad weather.

* This whole passage had been suppressed.
t The meaning of this had been given in a very confused
manner.

1 This passage had been completely suppressed.

able ignorance of the state of affairs in China and India,
and we h
published the preceding article, not that we
papers in general show the most deplor-
Farveen c h
attach any importanento it, but solely from the respect-
ability of the journal in which it appears. But that
journal, as on a former occasion, had trusted to its cor-
respondentin the East, who has one great merit—that
[The
of invention.—ED. Sun.]

Al ASSEMBLY OF GREEDY GLUTTONS.—An Ostend
newspaper, which yesterday reached our office, relates
the following anecdote of an Englishman, who appears
to entertain but little respect for temperance and " total
abstinence" pledges:—" A few days ago (says our infor-
mant) this person, who has been long resident at Ostend,
being desirous of giving a feast to sundry masons and
carpenters, amounting in number to 45, employed in
boo 108 kilogrammes
(2391 b.),
fut ten large pieces of
al-
tering his house, ordered a supper to be prepared, con-
sisting, io2sa3t
bg beef,
e.,f, besidesanwdeitge
weighing
inevgeraall
puddings,to tterehinnei ert sa,
which, besides 30 bottles
of ruin, were distributed an enormous quantity of Corin-
thian raisins, sugar, spices, and eggs, &c. These pud-
dings v.'eighed altogether about 112 kilogrammes (248:Ub.)
The beverage provided to wash down this Brobdigna-
gian meal was exclusively confined to rum punch. There
not being any plates at hand sufficiently large, our Eng-
lishman had ordered to be brought as many plates as
there were guests.
i The feast was served up by 15 ser-
vants. The state n which the 45 artisans reached home,
after their libations of punch, may be easily conceived.
There was, it is said, an immense demand the following
day fur iced soda-water and other refrigerating drinks !"
FATAL ACCIDENT.—OH Thursday morning, James
Lindley, an operative joiner, employed in erecting an
addition (about sixty yards long and eight stories
high) to the mill of Mr. James Fernley, Albion-
street, now occupied by Messrs. James Stuttard and
Co., fell from the seventh story of the new erec-
tion to the ground floor. He was immediately conveyed
to the Itoyal Infirmary, where it was found that he had
received a severe fracture of the base of the skull,
of which injury ho died about twenty minutes after
he wai admitted. An inquest was held yester-
day before Mr. Chapman, and it was stated in evi-
dence that the deceased was attempting to land some
joists for the roofing, which were being hoisted up by
iner.ns of a pulley, when the joists came in contact
with a plank, upon which he was standing, and the con-
sequence was that be fell as stated, without coming in
contact with anything until he reached the ground floor.
The occurrence seemed purely accidental, and the jury
returned a verdict to that effect. The deceased was
twenty-four years of age, and was unmarried. lie was
engaged to be married in a fortnight. Manchester
Guardian.
THE WHEAT SOWlNG.—During the last week the
weather has been tolerably dry, and very no for the
season of the year, so that the preparing of the land for
wheat sowing and the sowing itselt have proceeded pros-
perously. The land turns up in excellent condition,
and
insures a dry bed and a safe germination for the seed.
This is of the utmost consequence, as it secure the plant
s
from injury during the most critical period of its growth.
—Liverpo2l Times. .„ .

COURT CIRCULAR.

Nrsoit, TUESDAY.—M, Queen and Prince Al-
bert walked for some time this morning in the
pleastire-grounds adjoining the Castle.
In the afternoon her Majesty and his Royal High-
ness again promenaded in the Home Patti.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and
he Princess Royal were taken for their accustomed
exercise in the forenoon on the Castle terrace and the
pleasure-grounds.
The Earl of Liverpool, the Earl of Hardwicke,
Sir Henry Pottinger, and Sir Henry Wheatley,
took their departure from the Castle to-day.
This afternoon the Royal Family were taken
airings in the Honie Park.
Lady Portman has arrived at the Castle, and has
succeeded the Countess of Gainsborough as Lady in
Waiting on the Queen.
The Hon. Captain Duncombe has also arrived at
the Castle, and has succeeded Sir Frederick Stovin as
the Groom in Waiting to her Majesty.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of
Cambridge, and the hereditary Grand Duke and
Duchess of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, arrived in town
yesterday morning, from Kew. Their Royal High-
nesses left Cambridge House in the afternoon, on their
return to Kew.

A deputation on the Buxton Railway, consisting
of Mr. Henry Tootal, Deputy-Chairman of the Bux-
ton Railway, Mr. David Waddington, Deputy Chair-
man of the Manchester and Birmingham Railway
Company, Mr. John Lowe, engineer, Mr. James
Wheeler, and Mr. Grahame had an interview with
the Earl of Dalhousie ;yesterday, at the office of the
Board of Trade, _ _

His Excellency M. Dedel had an interview with
Lord Aberdeen at the Foreign•office yesterday.
A deputation from the Monmouthshire Canal Com-
pany, consisting of Mr. Blakemore, M.P., Mr. Mor-
gan, M.P., Mr. Phillips, Mr. Mostyn, solicitor, Mr.
Carter, chief clerk, Mr. Marsh, engineer, and Mr.
Hayward, Parliamentary agent, had an interview yes-
terday with the Earl of Dalhousie, at the Board of
Trade.

FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE.

ARRIVALS.
4..
Lady Rodd and family, in Wimpole-street, from Li-
verpool; James M'Taggert, Esq., and Mrs. M‘Tit,ggert,
at Marshall Thompson's Hotel, Cavendish-square, from
Lyndhurst, Hants; George Farley, Esq., and Mrs. Far-
ley, at ditto; Cotton, Esq., at ditto; Pomroy, Esq.,
at ditto; Captain and Mrs. Mundy Pole, at ditto, from
the Continent; Manning, Esq., and Mrs. Manning, at
ditto; W. Lowndes, Esq., at Nelson's Hotel, Portland-
place, from Birmingham; Edward Brown, Esq., at ditto;
D. J. Thompson, Esq., and Mrs. Thompson, at ditto,
from Portugal; E. M. White, Esq., and Mrs. White, at
ditto; 11. M. Morgan, Egg., at ditto, from Houghton
Lodge, Stockbridge.
DEPARTURES.

J. Fairlie, Esq., from Marshall Thompson's Hotel,
Cavendish-square, for Newmarket; Mrs. and Miss Phi-
lips, from ditto, for Brighton; Alfred Gill, Esq., from
Nelson's hotel, Portland-place; W. Walker, Esq., and
Mrs. Walker, from ditto, for llastings; T. Lomas, Esq.,
from ditto, for Bury, Lancashire; James Brown, Esq.,
ALP., from ditto, for County Mayo; R. W. Dallas, Esq.,
from ditto; Rev. C. Borrer, Mrs. Borrer, and family,
from ditto; A. A. Browne, Esq.

HER MAJESTY'S VISIT to the CITY.
Yesterday the following proclamation was issued
by the Lord Mayor, for the purpose of keeping the
streets clear on Monday next :

" MAGNAY, MAYOR.
" Mansion-house, Oct. 22, 1844.
"Her most gracious Majesty hating graciously
aignified her intention of being present at the opening
If the Royal Exchange on Monday next, the 28th
nstant, the Lord Mayor hereby directs that
no carriages, carts, or other vehicles, nor
battle of any description, will be allowed to pass over
llackfriars-bridge, or through any streets or thorough-
ses in the line of procession from Temple-bar to the
Exchange, between the hours of ten o'clock in
Tning and six o'clock in the afternoon ; and
police have directions to see that the above
are complied with.
" By order, " S. GOODMAN, Clerk."
'ursuance of the above order, and for the
of better carrying out his Lordship's direc-
workmen were yesterday employed in fixing
criers at the end of all the streets in the City
which the royal procession will pass. Similar
.es will be adopted outside the City, under the
41 of the Metropolitan police, a considerable
• from each division having been ordered to
le line clear from Buckingham Palace to
-bar, assisted by the two Regiments of Horse

the Royal Exchange there are to be four
rances for the general company, in addition to the
Irincipal entrance at the western front. These were
completed yesterday, and aro situate two in Cornhill,
and two in Bartholomew-lane.

In the area around St. Paul's, seats capable of con-
taining from 10,000 to 15,000 persons, and extending
from the north-west to the north-east side, are in the
course of erection. These are to be covered in, and
lined inside with pink and white drapery, with simi-
lar decorations as those used in 1837. At some of the
b
;shops in Cheapside the goods hae een removom
the windows, and seats fittedd upv in lieu of them. fr
In
the neighbourhood of the Exchange as much as five
guineas is asked for a single seat, whilst throughout
the whole line not one is to be obtained under 10s. 6d.

to solicitpassestherefor II ---o
--"'
IN evv .U 43
ng, the English and. C
ose parts they repair e more
• hat the
. , c combined efforts to &con.- orders a
~..,
iglish coasting vessels of ' ' In pi
mers, cutters, Yawls, rpose
It is now.agreed thatitit ' ions, w
from Hong-Kong ba, Winton- p barri
al Canton to Macao ( hrough
correspondence or
e
rrY- the smallest, of; ' irectior
t.,:sliall thencefo - -
-
one. Nevertheless, as it umber
ma the same scale as 'to eeP the
they may go to - au& emple-
easurc,
nouth, they shall be thus tinsel:- , uards.
) considered of 75 tons (whether I At t