The Sun.
London, England, 1844-07-22 00:00:00

THE CURRENCY.

Mr. Loyd, in illustrating his principle that the issues of
paper should be regulated by the stock of bullion, goes over
some historical ground, which well deserves to be placed be-
fore the men of business of this City, all of whom are cog-
nisant, some of them painfully so, of his facts. Adverting to
what are termed the " panics" of 1825, 1832, 1837, and 1839,
he offers proof with respect to the first, third, and fourth
period, that the intensity of them at least was owing entirely
to the disregard of that principle ; and that in the second pe-
riod, that of 1832, the threatened consequences were averted
by an adherence, even though partial and in some measure
accidental, to that principle.
This may be shown in much less space than Mr. Loyd has
devoted to it, leaving those to consult his pamphlet who
wish a complete acquaintance with the details and the
figures, the utility of which there is no intention of dis-
paraging in this attempt at the brevity which we know to be
always acceptable to City readers where it can be attained.
His figures then show, with respect to the first period,
when no returns were made of the country circulation, that
the stock of bullion fluctuated as under :

February, 1824 ... ... .....
August, 1825 ..

Millions.
• 134

Difference
and that the Bank issues were in

February, 1824 M'l9 ons.
August, 1825

Difference
That the Bank directors, in fact, paid no attention whatever
to the abstraction of their bullion, or (relying, perhaps, on
the "prosperity" doctrine of that time) thought it of no im-
portance to do so. The crisis which followed was the most
dreadful which has ever occurred.

Mr. Loyd's figures further show, with respect to the third
period, that of 1837 (and we purposely leave to the last that
of 1832, as forming the exception), that the stock of bullion
fluctuated as under : Millions.
September, 1833 ll
March, 1837 4

Difference 7
Yet, taking the aggregate of the paper circulation, the
country issues, as well as those of the Bank of England, the
following results are exhibited : Millions.
September, 1833..
March, 1837 . 291

Difference
And the consequence, as deduced by Mr. Loyd, was the
failure of some of the largest London houses, and the prostra-
tion for a long time afterwards of our foreign trade.
Mr. Loyd's figures further show with respect to the fourth
period, that of 1839, that the stock of bullion fluctuated as
under : Millions.
March, 1838
September, 1839 . ,

Difference
And with respect to the paper circulation, these were the
results— Millions.
March, 1838
September, 1839

Difference
This state of things led to the advance of the rate of inte-
rest to 6 or 7 per cent., to the loans from the banks of
France and Hamburgh, and to the prostration of the ra-
tional character, as well as that of mercantile credit. The
Bank had no control over the country issues, and did not
like to disturb their own, for fear of reducing the dividend
among the proprietors.
In the second period, that of 1832, something like an ad-
herence to Mr. Loyd's principle was manifested, not im-
probably because the Bank were then engaged in a negotiation
for a new charter ; and these were the results :—The stock
of bullion stood in— Millions.
August, 1830
February, 1832

Difference
And the paper circulation, taking that of the Bank (for the
country returns had not then been established), was—
Millions.
21i

August,lB3o
February, 1832

Difference 3i
• " On this occasion," says Mr. Loyd, " the drain upon the
bullion does not, as in all the other cases, terminate in a
crisis ;" and he cites the following remarks upon it from a
pamphlet of Mr. Horsley Palmer :
"Although during this period the bullion in the Bank was
diminished from 12,000,0001. to 5,000,0001., yet in the pro-
gress of this reduction, as there was no excitement, and no
undue credit given by the banks in the interior of the coun-
try, the interest of money gradually rose from 2it to 4 per
cent.; and, then, without discredit or distrust of any kind,
the bullion returned into the coffers of the Bank, and money
nearly resumed its former value."
_ _

We cannot help thinking the deduction made by Mr. Loyd
fcom these figures, which, in order to facilitate comparison,
we have simplified as much as possible, to be a sound one ;
and that had a contraction taken place when the bullion
began to go out, the panics of 1825, 1837, and 1839 might
have been much mitigated in character, if not wholly averted.
This is the course to which the new Bill will compel the
banks. It is impossible under any state of the currency to
avert panics altogether, for merchants will ever trade when
they perceive a prospect of advantage in whatever medium
the g,)ods are to be paid for; but it is probably the transi-
tion from peace to war, or the contrary, or extensive popular
commotions, which alone need be regarded with any serious
apprehension under the new system.—Times.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.

TOTAL LOSS OF THE DOMINICA,

BY AN ALTERATION IN THE SETTING OF THE CURRENT.
KINGSTON, JAMAICA, Tune 23, 1844.
Sir,—We take leave to report for the information of
the Committee of Lloyd's the loss of the-barque Domi-
nica, Salter, master, from London. bound to this port,
en the Island de la Vache, off Aux Cayes, St. Domingo,
on the 6th instant. No part of the cargo was saved by
the crew, who, with the master and passengers, found
their way to this island in the boats ; they appeared to
think the ship would go to pieces shortly after they left
her. The passengers speak highly of the attention
evinced by Captain Salter to the navigation of his ves-
sel, the loss of which appears to have been occasioned by
a strong current setting to the. N.E. We inclose certi-
ficates descriptive of this current from the master of her
Majesty's ship Illustrious (the flag ship ot. the Admiral),
and from the master of an American packet ship, who
has made forty voyages to this island, by which it ap-
pears to have been running from the 6th to the 12th
instant.—We are, &c., &c.
(Signed) LLOYD'S AGENTS.
William Dobson, Esq., Secretary, Lloyd's.
COPY OF CERTIFICATES REFERRED To.

"On 12th June, 1844, on the passage from Halifax to
Jamaica, having made Great Inagua, a course wasshaped
to pass about midway between Navassa and Point Moran t,
the wind N.N.E. at the time, blowing fresh, the ship
going about nine knots. At daylight, land was reported
me on the port b Av. This I thought must have been the
Mistake of the young gentleman who called me, as I
expected to have made the Blue mountains ; but, on
going on deck, I found it was the island of Navassa,
bearing S.S.E. about 10 miles. We altered our course
to S.W., and, although there was no decrease of wind,
we found we altered the bearing of X avassa but very
little until 9 A.M. This induced me to believe that we
had been under the influence of a strong north-easterly
current, which I found corroborated by observation.
The current, during the twenty-four hours, had sent us
N. 44 degrees, E. 34 miles.

" CHARLES POPE,
"Master H.M.S. Illustrious."
I beg to add, that after much experience in the navi-
gation among the West India Islands, I had always pre-
viously found the current setting about a knot an hour
to the S.W., when between St. Domingo and Jamaica."
" On my last passage from Baltimore, in command of
the barque Home, when off Navassa, we experienced a
strong current setting to the E.N.E., at three miles per
hour. On the 6th June, at 6 P.m., made Navassa, bear-
ing south about 16 miles. uring the night we steered
S.W., going from 4.1 to s—knots ; at 4 A.M. the island
bore S.S.E• about 5 miles, when we altered our course to
S.W. by W. - W. At 8 Ain. the wind freshened to a 7
knot breeze, which continued during the day. At 630
P.m. we saw the light house on Morant Point, about 5
miles distant, the atmosphere at the time quite hazy. I
have performed 40 voyages to this port from Baltimore,
and never experienced such a current.
(Signed) " WM. J. WATTS.
" Kingston, Jamaica, June 18, 1844."
" Aux CAYES, June 19, 1844.
" We beg to inform you that the barque Dominica re-
ferred to in our advices of the 10th inst. has fallen over
On her broadside and gone to pieces ; but a compara-
tively small part of her cargo has been saved through
the dilatory proceedings of the authorities, and, since
the late revolution, the disorder in all the branches of
the public service are so great, that robbery has been
very extensive, and even in the Custom-house,under the
very eyes of the authorities, civil and military, it is ut-
terly impossible to prevent robbery, no public func-
tionary having command over the people and soldiers, to
cause himself or the property to be respected."

(Signed)

MELANCHOLY' AND DISTRESSING ACCIDENT.-011
Tuesday evening last the family of Mr. Peake, one of
the foremen of the Dock Yard, and some friends em-
barked in two boats in Hamoaze ; in one of the boats
were Mr. Peake, and two sons of the Rev. J. Lampen,
and in the other Mr. B. .M. Ramsey, solicitor, Mrs.
Peake, Miss Eden, Miss Lampen, two of Mr. Lam-
pen's sons, and two sons of Mr. Peake. When about
midway of the harbour, the tide at the time running
strong, having ebbed about two hours—one of the
boats in which were Mr. Ramsey and others,
drifted in the course of the Torpoint Steam Ferry
Bridge, which was . coming towards them.—
Finding it impossible to get out of the way
of the Steam Bridge, Mr. Ramsey several times
hailed it, as did Captain Burgoyne, who observed
the approaching danger from the poop of the San
Josef; but no attention being paid to these repeated
warnings, the boat was run down. Mr. Ramsey fortu-
nately Jumped upon the brow of the steamer, and suc-
ceeded in getting Mrs. Peake and Miss Lampen out of
the boat ; the young gentlemen also succeeded in getting
out, but the unfortunate lady, Miss Eden, on rising
hastily- in the boat, received a blow in the forehead from
the brow of the steamer, and was thereby thrown off her
balance, and immediately fell overboard ; and from the
heavy instrument she wore about her person for the
purpose of supporting her back, being deformed, sunk
instantly. Up to the time of our going to press the
body had not been recovered.—Devonport Telegraph.
WELLINGTON.—A dreadful accident occurred to a
man driving a heavy unloaded timber carriage, on Fri-
day last. A bundle of hay was placed on the front of
the carriage for the horses to eat whilst loading, and the
driver very incautiously seated himself on it. The
wheels passing over a large stone. in
.the road threw the
carriage so much on one side as to cause the fiay,to roll
from under him, by which he was thrown off, the wheel
passing over part of his head, and taking off the ear
with the side of his face, close to the nose, and part of
the scalp. The poor fellow lies in a dreadful state of
suffering at the Wellington Union, where he has every
attention shown him, with some hopes of his ultimate
resoyery.—,Somerset Gazette. .

CHINESE DOMESTIC ARCHI-
TECTURE.
Extract of a letter from Shanghae, dated the 13th of
February :
" As soon as I could get a place I removed on shore!
My house is neither very large nor very handsome ;
it
consists of six small rooms, natne.y, dining-room, sitting'
room, and office (all in one), bed-room, muster-room+
store-room, and two rooms occupied by my linguist and
Shroff, so that all are in use. The upper part of the
house is built entirely of wood ; the rooms about &lle.
feet high at the sides, and 15 feet in the centre (top of
the roof), and the tiles visible, there being no ceiling te
cover the rafters. By dint of papering the walls, and so
stopping up, or rather covering, the chinks between the
planks, putting curtains to the windows and doorS,.
making a ceiling of mats, by nailing them to the refers,
and carpeting the rooms. I have nude the place mode-
rately comfortable, at least habitible, and by the help of
•a small stove, and a pan of charcoal, or rather a coinr,
sition of charcoal and other substances, which is used
here, I keep myself from fret-zing ; but it is utterly WI;
possible to keep draughts out of a Chinese house, and t
occasionally get a twinge of rheumatism. However, by
next winter, I 1-tope I shall have things more et)l3l-
- arranged.
" The weather is very cold, and snow lying on the
ground. The thermometer, when I got up this mornil
was 28 deg. in my room. lam sometimes gild at nigh,
with four blankets and a quilt over me, and frequently.t
find the water in the basin, nail-brushe,, &c.. frozen in
the morning. Although not very plea-ant to me, after
and
being accustomed to a tropical climate, it is bracing, '
will, I trust, strengthen me to stand the hot weather'
I have been told that the thermometer sometimes stands
at 127 deg. here in the shade.' I sitsp, et it must be e-%"
egg, rated. Fort unat,ly it does not list 1 not more
than three months, or it would be impossible to exist."

FAIR SUFFERERS.
(From Punch.)
By fair sufferers we mean about ninety-nine out Of
every hundred of those poor dear young ladies, coo-
demned, through the accident of their birth, to languish'
in silk and satin, beneath the load of a fashionable ex-
istence. Ah ! little think the g,..y licentious paupers'
who have no plays, operas, and evening parties to be
forced to go to, and no carriages to be obliged to ride
about in, of the miseries which are endured by the
daughters of affluence ! It is a well-known fact, chat
scarcely one of these tender creatures can be in 5
theatre or a concert-room ten minutes wiihout being
seized with a violent headache, which, mare frequently
than not, obliges her to leave before the perfermance is
over, and drag a brother, husband, loser. or attentive
young man, away with her. If spared th.- headache,
often is she threatened with a tainting fit (n,y, now and
then seized with :t), to the alarm mini disturbance of her
company I Not happening to feel faint exactly, still
there is a sensation. "a something," as she describes
"she doesn't know what," which she is almost sure to be
troubled with. Unvisited by these afflictions, neverthe-
'less, either the cold, or the heat, or the glare of the gas'
or some other source of pain, oppresses or excruciates
her susceptible serves. And when we take one such
young lady, and put together all the public amusetneut3
which she must either go to—or die—in the course of tl
London season ; and when we add up all the. headaches,
and swoons, and the somethings she doesn't know what;
the shiveriags, burnings, and other agonizing sensations
which she has undergone by the end of it ; the result is
an aggregate of torture truly frightful to contemplate.
Suppose she is obliged to walk—this is sometimes
actually the case—happy is she if she can go Weal
yards without some pain or other; in the side, the back'
the shoulder, the great toe. Thus the pleasure of slur
ping, promenading, or a pic-nic is embittered : thus Is
colocynth infused Into the eau sucree of bliss! If ,sb:
reads a chapter in a novel, the chances are that ue`
temples throb for it. She tries to embroider a corsair ;
doing more than an arm of him at a time strains her
eyes. Employ herself in what way she will, she feelS
fatigued afterwards, and may think herself well off abbe
is no worse. Nine days out of ten she has no appetite,;
on the tenth she enjoys her dinner, and is taken jib
Then comes that horrid physic I She cannot take pills;
she objects to powders • draughts are insufferable to her.
Poor unfortunate ! . What is she to do ? Without a
care to vex her, save, perhaps, some slight misgivings
respecting the Captain, she is unable to rest, though on
a couch of down. Exercise would procure her slumber;
but oh ! she cannot take it. Whether a little less con- •
finemeat of the waist, earlier hours, plainer luncheons:
more frequeni airings in the green fields, and mental
and bodily exertion generally, than what, in these re-
spects, is the fashionable usage, would in any way ,alle-
viate the miseries of our fair sufferers, may be questioneu
It may also be inquired how far such miseries are
imaginary, and to what extent a trifling exercise of reso-
lution would tend to mitigate them ? Otherwise, stir .
posing them to be ills that woman is necessarily heiress
to—unavoidable, irremediable gracious powers I what
torments, what anguish, mui.t fishwotnen, washerwomen,
charwomen, and haymakers, to say nothing of servants.
of all-work, and even ladies' maids, endure every day of
their lives

DEAFNESS.
TESTIMONIAL. from John Sawyer, Esq., of liar
wood Lodge, Maidenhead, Berks, to Messrs. S. and B. Sole-
mons, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. Gentlemen, having
been deaf for some time, I was induced, in the month of No-
vember, 1839, to make trial of your Invisible Voice Conduct
arid, although at my advanced age, at that time past my 77t1
year, I had no hope of obtaining any relief, yet immediately
applied them I could hear the general conversation, and al
hearing has become so much improved by their use, that I can
now hear acutely without their aid. I am, Gentlemen, your
most obedient servant, J. Sawyer. 22d June, 1842.—From
the late Henry Cowper, Esq., of Tewen Waters, Herts, to
Messrs, S. and B. Solomons :—Gentlemen, having been deaf
for many years,,l was induced to try your Invisible Voice
Conductors. They enable me to hear persons in comPan3:i
and at a place of worship most distinctly. The Spectacles 0,
Handglass which you have sent me are very excellent, a?'l.:
suit my sight perfectly, the transparency of which is so brit,
liant, that although I have passed my 86th year the 22,1
May last, yet they enable me to read, and by candle- light, wit
the greatest ease and comfort to myself. I return you my bes
thanks, and remain your obedient servant, Henry Cowper.'
2:1 June, 1839.—Telescopes, Opera Glases. Microscopes'
&c. of the same kind of Lenses.—Caution.—Messrs. S. and a s.°:
lomons, Opticians and Aurists, arc not in any way connected wt.:
a person of the same name in their immediate neighbourhou
Nor n any part of the country. To prevent mistakes, be Co"
tious, and Observe,—Only to be had at 39, Albemarle-street,
Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel.

•
PLEASING RESULTS.-With the gaiety assumed 11
nature in the brightness of the summer season there are
few disinclined to participate; and in pursuit of tht
rational enjoyments personal agremens, in all •
variety, are necessarily objects of desire—those,
which the perfection and durability are at once obviou.s
and important, meet their most available preservative in
Gowland's Lotion ; first, as a decided remedy fir all
cutaneous impurities • and, secondly, as an elegant, an'
and effective appendage to the toilet, removing ever"
species of local discolouration, deqnding the skin frol
all the well-known effects of heat upon its surface, an
es contributing largely to continued delicacy and fresh-
ness of the complexion:
A WONDERFUL CURE BY HOLLOWAY'S Pia '
AND OINTMENT.—Edward White, residing at No. •41!:•
Clement's-lane, Strand, was an in-door patient at liing y
College Hospital, for an abscess in the thigh, an_., d
wound, nine inches long, on the same limb. He COwtt.
neither bend his knee nor put his foot to the'groan
He remained at the hospital five months in bed, when h 7,
was informed "that nothing more could be done for nigh • •
He was then carried to his home, and commenced using
the above invaluable medicines. He can now walk sbout
all the day long ; but, to complete the cure, he still use'
the remedies. Sold at Professor Holloway's establish-
went, 224, Strand, where advice may be had gratis ;
by all respectable venders of medicine throughout i"
'civilised world, "

THIRD EDITION OF " CONINGSBY."—We are re'
quested to state that Mr. Colburn, of Great Marlbw;
rough-street, has this day published a Third Edition °'
Co&ngsby ; or, The New Generation," by B. 1)1s;
raeli,'Esq., M.P., in 3 vols. post Bvo., which can now Ji-
had of all booksellers and at all the libraries. Mr. Co
burn has also just published-2. The Hon G. Sydr
Smythe's " Historic Fancies," 1 vol. Bvo., 12s, bounal
3. The second volume of Mr. Townsend's 'Memoirs °f
the House of. Comthons, Bvo.-4. The Marchioness
Londonderry's Narrative of her Visit to the Courts °`
Vienna, Constantinople, Athens, Naples, &c., 1 vol. 87;
—and, 5. The seventh volume of Miss Stricklan"
" Lives of the Queens of England," comprising the cent;
elusion of the Life of Queen Elizabeth, and the comp
le
Lire of Anne of Denmark.A
SINGULAR THEFT.—On Wednesday last, ng
boy was in a spinney adjoining the turnpike-road)tryi
this town to Loughborough, he discovered a *eel, 15,
taming twenty-three shrouds, fifteen breast-el°,
twenty-four face-cloths, and four caps, evidently
tis.
property of some tradesman who furnished ftwerti,ll
Inquiries have been made in Leicester, but as n) su
article; have been misied by the drapers here, it is sup'
posed that they have been stolen friar) some draper
Nottingham or Derby.—Leicester Mercury.

On the 15th inst., theBIRTHS
lady of. the Rev. R. Wickham,fo
Twyfbrd, Hants, of a daughter.
On the 16th inst., at Ely-grange, Frant, the lady of Wbert
James Hebdon, Esq., of a son.
On the 17th inst., at Polygon-terrace, Southampton, 111/14
Josep
he h Lobb, of a son.
On t 18th inst., at Streatham-hill, Mrs. J. u. shears.
of a son.
On the 18th inst., at Brunswick-square, the lady of georY
E. Kendall, jun., Esq., of a son.
On the 19th inst., at Beaufoy-terrace, Maida-vale,
Rowe, of a daughter.

MARRIED. ,a Ore',
On the 10th inst., at St. George'Church, H ov'er-- ' , an , ;id o
Horatio Kemble, Esq., to Margaret Amelia, only ell'
Lieutenant. Colonel Carpenter, of Potter's-bar, 31iddleselev.
On the Bth inst., at St. Alkmond's, Shrewsbury,
J. Poole, 8.A., incumbent of Llandysillo, Montgomerystsal 1,..
to Emily. eldest slaughter of the late B. Blythe, Escl''
geon, of Cound, Shropshire. A na
nia
On the 10th inst., at the British Embassy, Berlin, T• ,-- to
Bentley, Esq., of the Free Grammar School, ShrewsburY: of
Pauline Fanny, youngest daughter of Professor. Fills ,11
Berlin. .n atom'
On the 18th inst., Alfred Corpe, Esq., of Am"' „f gr.
common, to Caroline Augusta Field, sixth daughter "
the !I.re,
Field, of Brixton-place, Surrey.

DLFID.
On the 10th inst.,Franees,daughter ofJ. W. Liddiard,
Leigham House, Streatham.
On the 11th inst., Mr. Cuthbert s-
p 1,
Rel I of Turner
Cheslumt, aged 69. -
On the 15th inst., at Brand-street, Greenwl.ch,
On the 18th inst., Poll-mull- east, John dwaril Scotst.i. of
On the 18th inst., Hyman Hurwitz. Professor
Hebrew at University College, London.
...,•On the 19th inst., Mr. F. G. Berry, of High Holborn%,,,
London: y(47-s
Printed and Published by MUBDO ' 112,
No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office,,Q...„w of
Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the
Bliddloses, tioday, July 22, 1844.