The Sun.
London, England, 1828-01-17 00:00:00

THAMES TUNNEL.

Mr. Brunel has addressed , the following sen-
sible and very interesting letter to the Editor ol
the Times, explaining the cause of the recent

irruption
Sir,—The immense circulation of your respectable
journal has induced me rather hastily to write a few
observations upon the subject of the second lamented
accident that has just occurred at the above place;
and the more so, on account of having inspected the
progress of the works so recently as the evening
prior to the fatal event, by which means it is not un-
likely that the remarks I have now to offer may point
out the source and cause of the sad affair, with as
much accuracy as it were possible to evince up to the
moment that the rupture took place, and I hope that
they will in some degree tend to appease the present
irritation of public feeling, as to the probable com-
pletion of this wonderful yet dangerous undertaking.
But, however, that my detail may be fairly appre-
ciated, it may not be amiss to mention that my scien-
tific acquirements were attained under the celebrated
Dr. Hutton and Professor Daly; and with the aid
of such tutors and subsequent -practical experience,
I shall humbly proceed to explain a reasonable cause
for the irruption (notwithstanding what may be said
to the contrary) according to the time and place
when taken notice of.

It appeared from the situation in which I stood,
by the shield, on Friday evening last, that the soil
then under operation (as seleeted from the hands of
the poor fellows who are, in all probability, now no
more) consisted of blue clay, possessing an infinite
combination of shells, mixed earth, and particles of
rock; and, it would appear, that in the excavation of
the latter, the accident must have originated, for it
usually happens that when rocky substances are
hewn out of their places, their cavities are not unfre-
quently superseded by a body of quicksand and
'other penetrating matter ; and these again, by hav-
ing a communication with the water from the'bed of
the river, are naturally succeeded by it; hence may
be traced the source of the present incursion. And
moreover, the circumstances of jarring and knocking
an immense machine (for such the shield is), after
the numerous and repeated applications of the work-
men with their tools, in the due process of excava-
tion, are fully and amply sufficient to loosen and
bring down any body of earth, though not oppressed
with a. tremendous weighty fluid, like the Thames.
Of course high winds and accumulated floods in-
crease the hazard and Intrden upon the cavern. I
have frequently had opportunities of observing in this
as well as in other countries, that work-
men in processes attended with risk, do not
sufficiently avail themselves of the securities
provided by an engineer for their safety; and
notwithstanding admonitions are daily and hourly
bestowed to beware of danger, and to proceed with
care and attention, still chances like the present will
occur, from disregarding the suggestions of their
superiors; and unless a superintendent could dele-
gate his prudence and discernment into as many
places as there are assistants and labourers in effec-
tive operation, accidents will happen, and no human
foresight can avert them. Consternation and a want
of energy generally assail a miner, when proceeding
rapidly or slovenly with his work, should any danger
suddenly present itself; and unless his faculties are
quite alive to detect the fluid at the moment it at-
tempts to break in, which the apertures in the
shield would very well enable even a feeble person
to control, painful to relate, such knoment of secu-
rity is allowed to escape, and in rushes the torrent,
attracted by the air, with all its baneful conse-
quences; at first emerging through a small recess,
and directly enlarging with such surprising rapidity,
that no living force, however numerical, can with-
stand its absolute sway and drowning violence.
The project, in the state of forwardness manifest-
ed on Friday last, could not fail to excite universal
admiration. That the task may still be accomplished,
as far as science is concerned, is as clear as the most
direct circumstance that can be. The main point re-
quisite is money ! and I trust the present direction
have yet ample courage and friends to accomplish
their object, for the benefit of themselves and other
proprietors, as well as national aggrandizement : and
in lieu of the Thames Tunnel being designated by
the " eighth," may hereafter assume the title of the
" foremost" wonder of the world. It may not be
improper here to mention, that many schemes
have failed for want of due candour and explanation
on the part of the projectors at the outset ; but in
the present instance, it is desirable that no suspicion
of any thing of the kind should exist. Extravagant
plans require extravagant expences.

However, in order to obviate the existing difli-
culty, the former methods and remedies should at
once be resorted to, and that as speedily as possible,
so as to obtain an immediate extermination of the
water and accumulated filth ; and the river ought at
the same time to be artificially bedded, at least as
far as the shallow water on the north side ; and in
proceeding hereafter with the excavation, additional
caution should be rigidly adhered to and enforced on
the part of the workpeople ; and although such a re-
gulation may restrain their ardour, and create some
trifling delay and extra expense, security will be ob-
tained by such management, and the lives of his
Majesty's liege subjects will not again be placed in
jeopardy.
I am extremely sorry for having so long tiespas-
sed upon your attention ; but, in conclusion, I beg
leave to mention that there has been left in my care
some small donations to be applied in aid of the
widows and orphans of the departed sufferers upon
this melancholy catastrophe ; and trust, Sir, through
your powerful influence and intercession, many others
will be induced to follow a similar example, by con-
tributions in other quarters. J. B.
48, Lothbury, Jan. 14.

There are a great number of prisoners for trial
at the Sessions to-morrow,--we hear upwards of
thirty for felony.—Brighton Gazette.
In consequence of a fall of snow in this city
and the neighbourhood in the night of Thurs-
day being followed by a brisk thaw on Saturday,
and a heavy rain on Saturday night, the Avon
again overflowed its banks. Altlicugh a great
extent of land is under water In our vicinity, we'
have not heard of any serious damage having
been sustained,--bath Herald.

FASHIONABLE AND MISCELLANEOUS

The LORD CHANCELLOR, the Duke of
WELLINGTON, Earl BATHUR:;'.I; Mr. 002.7141 URN, Mr.
DAWSON, and Mr. W. PEEL, visited the Flight Hon.
ROBERT PEEL, yesterday, at his residence in Privy-gardens.

Viscount PALNIERSTON, i. HERRIES, and
Mr. CHARLES GRANT, visited Earl DUDLEY yesterday at
the office of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
Prince ESTERHAZY, the Austrian Ambassador, transacted
business with the Noble Earl. Mr. ROTHSCHILD had also
an interview with his Lordship yesterday:

Mr. HUSKISSON we are concerned to state,
has been suffering from indisposition, brought on by a cold.
The Right Hon. Gentleman was confined to his house in
Somerset-place, in consequence, yesterday.
Letters were received in tti\vn from Berlin
yesterday, dated up to the 29th ult. at which time their
Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of CUMBERLAND,
Prince Gcoacx of Cumberland, and the rest of their Royal
Highnesses' family, were in the enjoyment of good health.
The sight of his Royal Highness's eye, on which the opera-
tion for cataract bad been performed, continued extremely
good.

The furniture belonging to Earl DUDLEY was
conveyed yesterday from his Lordship's residence in Down-
ing-street to big Lordship's house in Arlington-street, lately
occupied by DON MIGUEL.
The death of the late Duchess Of DUC-
CLEUGH has removed an obstacle to the completion of that
splendid place in Privy-gardens, Whitehall, of which Rich-
mond-terrace forms a side. The lease of Montague House,
which was a grant from the Crown, expired on the death
of her Grace, and it is expected that it will be pulled down
to complete the southern side, of which the houses of the
Earl of CASSILIS and Mr. PEEL form a part.

His MAJESTY, some time since, gave an ex-
tensige order to the manufacturers of Spital6elds for the
tapestry and hangings intended for the new State apart-
ments in Windsor Castle. One of the manufacturers sent
part of the order to be executed at Lyons; but the circum-
stances having reached the Royal ear, an order was in-
stantly issued to the effect that the goods should be wrought,
if at all, in this country.—Brighton; Gazette.

LAMBTON PEERAGE.—TIIC Tory Prints
have amused themselves with sneering at Mr. LAMBTON'S
elevation to the Peerage, representing him as a man of yes-
terday, the grandson of a coal proprietor, &c. These gen-
tlemen are not aware, perhaps, that the manor of Lambton,
from which the family name is derived, can be proved to
have been the property of Mr. LamrroN's lineal ancestors
as far back as the year 1314. That in the whole five cen-
turies that have since elapsed it has not only never been out
of the family, but has never passed to a more distant rela-
tion than a brother, and is now the property of Mr. L.—
Can the HA K ROWBTS, BATH ORSTS, ELDONS, MELVIL LES,
or SIDMOUTDS, or even the WELLESLEYS, say as much ?
—Morning Chronicle.

BRISTOL TIIEATRE.—Last week tve had the
tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, for the purpose of intro-
ducing to the Bristol stage Miss LAWRENCE, in the cha-
racter of Juliet. A more promising actress we have not
seen on these boards ; her figure is neat, her deportment
graceful, her face expressively handsome, and her voice
melodious ; her readings are good, and experience will
teach her to give the text with more feeling. Her subse-
quent performance was con:fidered, if possible, still more
successful—the approbation of the audience being not only
universal, but most warm and unqualified.—Bristol
Mercury.

On Monday a Mr. LEE, from the Edinburgh
Theatre, who has been, we understand, the private Se-
cretary of Mr. KEAN, made his first appearance. Several
stars will he announced shortly.--Brighton Gazette.
FASHIONABLE ARE I VALS.—The Duke of
Newcastle, in Portman-square, from Clumber Park ; Mr.
Hope, at Warwick House, from Deepdene ; Hon. Mrs.
Cochrane, in Portman-square ; Captain and Mrs. Simcoe,
in Clarges-street, from Bath ; Mr. Dawkins, in Portman-
square; I ady Robert Manners, in Grosvenor-square ; Mr.
and Mrs. Robert Beauchamp, in Piccadilly, from Paris;
Sir Henry Harding, Bart. in Grosvenor-place; Mr. and
Mrs. Bailey, in Harley-street; Captain Clifton, in Pall-
mall, from Paris; Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Hope, in Brook
street, from Vienna ; Mr. Stephen Fitzgerald, in Albe-
marle-street, from Dublin; Major and Mrs. Macdonald, in
Harley-street, from the Continent ; Martin Stapylton,
Esq. and family, at their house in Welbeck-street, from
Brighton ; Henry and Lady Augusta Baring, in Berkeley-
square, from Brighton; Sir John Ogilby, Bart. at Fenton's
Hotel, St. James's-street, from Windsor ; H. Sumner,
Esq. at ditto, from his seat in Surrey; Thomas Johnson,
Esq. at ditto, from Paris; the Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Smith
and Son, at the Burlington Hotel, Old Burlington and
Cork-streets, from Canterbury; Thomas Yard, Esq. and
Sons, at Ellis's Hotel, St. James's-street, from Brighton;
Captain Carnegie, at Fladong's Hotel, Oxford-street, from
a tour; W. P. Neale, Esq. 16th Lancers, at ditto; Sa-
muel Tyssen, Esq. at ditto, from Norfolk.

DEPARTURES.—Mr. and Mrs. Simpson, for
their seat in Derbyshire ; Mr. and Mrs. Hunter, from the
Burlington Hotel, Old Burlington and Cork-streets;
Richard Henry Valle, Esq. from his house in North Aud-
ley-street, for Yorkshire.

CHANGES.—The Dowager Marchioness of
Londonderry, at D. Ker, Esq.'s seat in Surrey, from the
Marquis of Camden's seat, the Wilderness, Kent ; Hon.
Colonel Anson, at Mr. Coke's seat, in Norfolk, from the
Hon. Mr. De Roos's seat, in Suffolk ; the Hon. Colonel
and Mrs. Howard, at their seat, in Staffordshire, from
Lord Bagot's seat, Blithfield.

ARRIVALS AT TUNBRIDGE WELLs.—Lady
Theodosia Brabazon, Miss Scott, Mr. Russel, Mr. Morris,
Mr. and Mrs. Sutton, Mr. and Mrs. Twisden and family,
Colonel Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. Hewlett, Mr. and Mrs.
Hofley and family, Captain Green, Mr. 'end Mrs. Balguy,
Mr. and Mrs. Fuller, Mr. Justice Bayley, and Sir Thomas
Tyrrwhit.
ARRIVALS AT BRIGHTON. Mr. C.
Bloxam, Mr. Harris, Mr. W. Bligh, Mr. T. T. French,
Mr. Stephens, Mr. J. Cobb, Mr. T. Boddington, Count
D'Oylie, Mrs. 6. Stapleton, Lieut.-Colonel Cleveland, Mr.
and Hon. Mrs. N. Collingwood, Mr. C. Goydon, Mr. P.
Grant, Lady Emily and Mr. Pasey, Mr. Weatcombe, Mr.
H. J. Smith, Colonel Gilmour, Rev. Mr. Mogridge, Hon.
Mr. P. Fraser, Mr. Murray, Mr. Torry, Captain Her-
ringham, R.N., Mr. Walpole; Mr. Parratt, Rev. A.
Edie, Mrs. Morton, Captain Ruddiman, Mrs..Prinny, Mrs.
C. Denshire, Mr. T. Postans, Mr. and Mrs. Harman.
ARRIVALS AT CHELTENHAM.—Dr. and
Mrs. Canham, Dr. and Mrs. Cox, Dr. Broadfoot, Captain
Laing, Captain Nangle, Captain and Mrs. Johnstone, Cap-
tain E. Fitzgerald, Captain Johnson, R.N., Captain Col-
lier, R.N., Mr. and Mrs. G. Podmore, Mr. and Mrs. R.
Sayer, Mr. and Mrs. Dolphin, Mr. and Mrs. Rowley, Mr.
and Mrs. Quartley; Messrs. Durdin, H. Wilson, S.
Davy, Henley, Adams, Ogden, 0. Bateman, A. S. Bate-
man, B. Codrington, J. Forbes, Scott, Pateshall, Lindan,
Bowly, Farmer, Westwood, Pearce, Lock, P. Mangles,
C. E. Mangles, A. Campbell, G. M'Connell. Lee ;
Mistresses B. Wemyss, H. Blencowe, Bush, Belcher,
Mansel ; Misses Gunstone, Vorritt, Gooclzich, Walker,
Wilkinson; &c.

ARRIVALS AT BATH.---Earl of Lismore,
Lord Ashtown, Sir Charles Forbes, Sir John Jacobs, Sir
George Powmall, Colonel Dallas and family, Major Lep-
per ; captain and Mrs. Frederick ; Captains Ellis, Pearl,
Crosse, Huntley, Farnham, Brymer, Emery, Nicholas,
Gosling; Rev. Drs. Nance, Stone; Rev. Mr. and Mrs.
Taunton, Hutchinson ; Rev. Messrs. Williams, Wilkins,
Colville, Collins, Fenwick, Gale, Brown, Kerly, Hemming,
Coates ; Mr. Mrs. and Miss Sheppard, Mr. and Mrs.
Frederick, Williams, M‘Donnell, Taswell, Mulling,
Metheen, Harrison, Parker, Long, Hooper, Wallace;
Messrs. Bean, Toinlins, Mills, Trotter, Campbell, Pulling,
Hare, 2 Bayly, Worrail, Bradford, Burnet, Grace, Haw-
kins, Way, Turner, Rochester, Tudway, Brydges, Whalley,
Parfit, Bunn, Hall, Langslow, Williams, Walker, Cook,
Thomas, Kerly, Tibbs, 2 De Burgh, Wathen, Powell,
Carpenter, Hamilton Master Grossmith ; Mistresses
Baynes/ Bissett, Hinde, Strickland, York, Ferguson,
Branstone, Gale and family, Moore, Hart, Powell, Kerly,
G. Taunton, Stone, Henning, Manning ; Misses Archdall,
Brooks, Bissett, Merther, Field, Poole, Richardson, Brown,
Haynes, Jackson, Williams, Phipps, Weaver, Stoddart, &c.

- -
Since the commencement of the new year, an
immense quantity of coarse cotton yarn has been sold,
chiefly from Nos. 36 to 70. This lively demand is owing
to the great consumption of coarse twist used in power-
loom goods, and to the large shipments of yarn. The cot-
ton for spinning that description of yarn being rather look-
ing up, in consequence of which it was expected that coarse
yard would rise in price. There is scarcely a bundle of
coarse yarn in the market, and higher prices have been
asked, and are considered likely to be obtained. More
business is also doing in the finer Nos. ; but there is yet
no advance in price, although Sea Island cotton has risen
considerably during the last two months..m Glasgow
Chronicle,

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. '

NORTHALLERTON MEETING, 1828.
Finsr DAY.—Match for 200 sous each, b. ft. T.Y.C.
Mr. Ridsdale's b. f. Bavarian, by Tramp—Silt. to Carouser
Mr. Armitare's b, f. Fantail, by Rhadamanthus

PONTEFRACT 11fEtfillf0, 1829.
Fiasr DAY. _The Wilton Stakes of 50gs. ea(lii hr ft. fur
three-yr-old colts, Bst. 61b. fillies, Bst. 31b. T. Y. C.
Mr. Petre's b. c. by Cervantes—Juliana
Mr. Houldsworth's br. f. by Sherwood—Eleanor
Mr. W. Scott's br. f. by Magistrate—Mystery
Mr. Houldsworth's eh. c. by Magistrate—Auburn
Mr. Lambton's b. f. by Richard—Log
Mr. Lanibton's b. C. Rupert, by Master Henry
Lord Fitzwilliam's br. f. try Whisker—Maritornes
Sweepstakes of 30 sous. each, 10 ft. for three-yr-old colts,
Bst. 51b. fillies, Sat. 21b. One mile and three quarters.
Mr. Riddell's br. C. Ben Lomond, by Blacklock
Lord rit.'williain's ch. f. Slut, by Tramp—_Ursula
Cntton, dam by Sir David
Sul:tetra
kl• Magistrate
3ALA
Houldsworth's br.
r ,orteerurso, y
Mr. Petre's b. f. Delphine, by Whisker—";1y Lady
Mr. Broadhead's gr. c. by Viscount, dam by Haphazard
Mr. W., Scott's b. c. Nimrod, by Phantom
Major YarbittgYts hr. f. Belinda, own Sister to Laurel
Mr..r.
be).,
sGameirm,
'l32l2'o%l'yd aO,Actlai)v,ila)':ime Minister
Sir M. W. Ridley's gr. c. Duncan Grey, by Grey Walton
Mr. G. Peters's gr. c. The Abbot, by Oiseau
SECOND 154-t:.=.Sweepstakes of 30 sous. each, It) ft. for
three-yr-old colts, tst, Sib. fillies, Sat. 21b. The last
mile.
Mr. Boyce's b. c. by The Laird—Mystery
Mr. Rainsden's b. c. by Blacklock or Parlingtot(--..Evenc
Mr. Houldsworth's ch. c. Alpha, by Magistrate—Atniabia
Mr. Houldsworth's b. f. Mansfield Lass
TIIIRD DAY.—Sweepstakes of 20 sous. each, for three-
yr-old colts, Bs. 51b. fillies, Bst; 21b. Seven furlongs.
Mr. Turner's b. c. Navarino, by Blactlack
Mr. Foljambe's ch. f. by RObin Adair, dam by Sancho
Sir J. Byng's b. c. Niger, by Blacklock—Cervantes
Mr. Earnshaw's br. f. by Waverley
Mr. Haywood's b. c. Sandoval, by Cervantes
Lord Scarborough's be. 1. by Catkin, dam by D. Andrews
Mr. Houldsworth's ch. c. by Magistrate—Auburn
Mr. Petre's b. c. Netherby, by Cervantes—Juliana
Sir M. W. Ridley's hr. f. Omarillis, by Cervantes
Lord Sligo's eh. c. Cant, own Brother to Canteen
Col. King's ch. c. Madcap, by Tramp or Blacklock
Sweepstakes of 20 says, each, with 20 soya. added, for
three-yr-old fillies, Sst. 31b. each. The last mile and
a quarter.
Mr. Bower's h. Lady Vane, by Reveller, dam by Waxy
Sir J. Byng's b. Miss Pratt, by Blacklock
Lord Scarborough's br. Sister to Pasta, by Clifton
Mr. Petre's eh. Esmoralda, Sister to Granby
Mr. Armitage's b. The Nun, by Blacklock
Mr. Hopkinson's b. Eliza, by Filho da Puta

A foot race extraordinary, of ten rods (which had been
pending some time), took place at the Chequers, Stone-
street, on New Year's Day, for a bushel of beer, between
Stubbles, aged 91, and Dixon, aged SI, which was
won by the former beating his opponent half a rod, to the
great amusement of the bystanders.—The winner was 40
years earth-stopper to Sir Henry Oxenden, Bart., and is
now as upright as a dart.--Kentish Chronicle.

Lord MELVILLE left Edinburgh on the 14th ;
he will probably arrive in town to-day. His Grace the
Duke of GORDON left about the same time.

The business at Gloucester Sessions, which
take place this week, promises to be rather heavy.
There are 73 prisoners in the county, and three
in the city calendar.—Cheltenham Chronicle.

HIGHLAND FREEDOM OF MANNERS.—
Soon after the battle of Preston, two Highlan-
ders, in roaming through the south of Mid-
Lothian, entered the farm-house of Swanston,
near the Pentland Hills, where they found no
one at home but an old woman. They imme-
diately proceeded to search the house, and soon
finding a web of coarse home-spun cloth, made
no scruple to unroll and cut off as much as they
thought would make a coat to each. The woman
was exceedingly incensed at their rapacity, roared
and cried, and even had the hardihood to invoke
Divine vengeance upon their heads. "Ye vil-
lains ;" she cried, " ha'e to account for this
yet ! ye'll ha'e to account for this yet !"—" And
whan will we pe account for't ?" asked one of
the Highlanders. "At the last day, ye blaek-
guards !" exclaimed the woman. " Ta last tay !"
replied the Highlander ; " tat pe coot long
chredit—we'll e'en pe talc a waistcoat too !" at
the same time cutting off a few additional yards
of the cloth.—Lancashire Literary Museum.
BOW-STREET OFFICERS OUTWITTED,—
About six weeks since a lady of the name of
W****, arrived in a very elegant carriage at
one of the Boarding Houses in this town, and
shortly after her arrival, handing a placard to
the Proprietor (announcing that her house in
London was to be let), requested him to have
it placed in the most conspicuous situation in
his establishment. From this Boarding-house
she removed (without discharging her bill) to a
cottage, which she engaged for six months.
After reconnoitring the town, with the assistance
of a young male servant, who appeared perfectly
to understand his mistress's method of doing
business, she selected from amongst the trades-
people a chosen few, whom she honoured with
her patronage. A baker, butcher, grocer, wine-
merchant, milliner, and haberdasher, &c. &c.
were amongst this favoured number. At the ter-
mination of four weeks, two Bow-street officers
made their appearance in Cheltenham, inquiring
with some anxiety for the lady in question, and
on arriving at the cottage, to which they had
been referred, were admitted by the fair dame
herself, who, however, informing them that the
person they were in search of; was not then at
home, most courteously invited them to walk in,
and await her return—taking the opportunity
whilst they remained in the parlour (the door of
which she civilly closed) of making her escape
from the house. Suspecting, after some time,
that they had been duped, the Bow-street officers
left die cottage, and proceeded down the High-
street, they caught a glimpse of the lady whose
civility they had so unwittingly accepted ; she, how-
ever, having as good eyes as her pursuers and rather
more wit, entered a Boarding House where her
person was unknown, and informing the hostess
that she was followed by two suspicious looking
mcn, requested permission to take shelter in one
of the parlours, into which she was accordingly
shown. The Bow-street officers arriving shortly
after, inquired for the lady in a plaid cloak, who
' and having had
theh p
had recentlyarieerd enteredoer pui the
out
tutso them, vainly e
reuptdyed ! tfroltine btiirled
wwinadsot
Ivt truly
intoa flown, en-
deavouredsaw-pit, to obtain admittance, until at last the
door was broken open and the room was found
e
i ned-
sfrom thence scrambled over several walls ; and
l)a‘-
filially succeeded in getting clear off ! to the in-
finite Mortification and disappointment or the
Deputies foe the Home Department from B°
`'r"
o-
street, who had alternative left but w make a
retrograde movement, chop-fallen and
discolt-
--
ted, "to the place from whence they came.
The servants who remained in the cottage after
the precipitate flight of their accomplished mis-
tress, consoled themselsts with a tureen of
mock turtle soup, and two bottles of brandy,
which they obtained on 1
JeL credit ; but the
affair soon getting wind,
the supplies were stop-
ped, and the ways and means being no longer
available, the garrison was quickly reduced to
the last extremity, and surrendered at discretion.
—Cheltenham Chronicle.

x. J;
DISSENTER. iN4 AG )7.. /.4"1.
The Bill for inantififfrehe au
seaters will again come b6gfeiie Wolliibf Lord:-.
immediately on the Pefliam'ent meeting. Ti' ice '
a Bill passed unanimously through the 149uszk
of Commons ; and three tinies.has the House of
Lords, after long debate, decided in favour of the
principle of the measure, but got rid of it in de-
tail. It would seem that, when the ininstiee of
the existing practice was thus fully admitted; ,
there ought somewhere to be found, in el-ery
‘vell-regulated community, an attention to the:
means of remedying it, and that the practice
would not be, year after year, met by an avoid-
ance of all attempt to consider the matter practi-
cally, and a sullen or crafty plan of objection in
detail to every scheme produced, without any-
suggestion of-what it pleases the condescension
of our Legislators to provide in lieu of what they
reject. It surely is beneath the dignity of any
Legislature, whose business it is to provide fir
the wants of the' community, thus to call upon,
parties to bungle out their own code, in which
every portion of society is (so far as civil exi-
gencies are considered) as much interested a.s
they are.
Various plans have been suggested for remedy-
ing tSe injustice which is produced by the State's
icequiring all marriages to pass through the Esta-
blished Church, without any regard to whether
this compulsive conformity is agreeable to the
consciences of its subjects, or consistent with its
own avowed inaxinis of toleration. The first
plan wits founded on the argument, that if thf.
State required this conformity, it could only be
justified by, and founded on, a desire to pro-
mote civil regularity; and that if in the case of
conscientious Dissidents, that part of the service
was used which formed the essentials of the
ceremony, the dignity of the Church and the
further
justice
°t.
forcingt
he coaiseepa urrinesldtogo through acts of
be consulted by
worship and profession of faith, Ny:en the same
laws sanctioned an open separation and clisavowal
of the Church doctrines and discipline. 'This,
however, was refused—the Church, it was said,
was taken by the State, and not the State by the
Church, and the State had no right to call upon
it to become its servant for mere civil purposes..

Then it was proposed to allow these DisSen-
ters to marry, as .Jews and Quakers do, at their
own places, which was met by cries (certainly
not unfounded) of civil inconveniences ; and,
further, of reduction of the Church emoluments,
and encroachments on its privileges.
Then came a proposal that the parties should
marry as they pleased at their own places, but
should present themselves not in the Church, ;.;‘,)
as to ask the Minister to vary his religious ser-
vices, but in the vestry or before his Clerk, in
order to get a declaration of the act of marriage
entered upon time common register. This pro-
duced an objection to the Minister's acting as a
civil dicer in taking any such declarations, and
the parties were told to go to a Justice of the
Peace, and get a certificate from him of the fact.
Then came this latter plan accordingly, which
was, of course, met with the objection that it
was profaning marriage, by making it a mere
civil act.

w greatith without touct
credit
What will be the plan of this Session, and
what the objection which will be found to mys-
tify or get rid of it, remains to be seen.
It cannot be denied, that viewing the question
both as a religious one, and under its connection
with those civil regulations which the state of
society and law requires, there are difficulties at-
tending every plan of removal from the Churtth
altogether. What oc.curs to every reasonable
man is, that while the Church remains the
guardian of our registers, and is made for civil
purposes the sole office (as it were) of marriage,
it ought for its own sake, for the sake of justice
and decency, to- adopt a form, suited, by its
comprehensive, simple, and scriptural character,
to all classes of persons and opinions. It i 3
certainly desirable, on every account, to have all
marriages and their record pass through one
channel ; but then it becomes doubly important
to have that an unobjectionable one. The Set-
vice, as it stands, is admitted by every one to be
barbarous, ill arranged, unsuited to the state
of society and to the situation pf many
persons who are to take the beneric of
it, independently of religious or doctrinal
objections. In America it has been thought
necessary by Episcopaliansiiltpohleed:auiibd ;,‘
tN,hitaiticorrecteadiiiyt c
tooun;tusr ce0II.:
that is untrue, uncouth, and indelicate in it ; and
nenances, the Churchmight
am thereiiidsei
toscfaoi
principle,
ordinances,
voluntarily
cut the knot of all the difficulties and scandal
that every year Perplex and annoy the Legislature,
by such a re-arrangement of its service as would
free. it, for all classes of persons, of many peculi-
arities—some of which are so striking, that every
Minister who has a sense of propriety take& upon
himself to omit them every day.
This view of the subject cannot be better e x
pressed than in the words of a learned and ex-
cellent Minister of the Church of England, the
Rev. Mr. Morgan, in his late erudite work on

the " Doctrine and Law of Marriage," &c. s 01.
1, p. 197. After showing many improprieties
in the present service, and observing, that as to
doctrine there is scarcely any formulary of the.
Liturgy in which the assertion of the doctrine of
the Trinity is less necessary and appropriate---
that the point is one which, if treated with can-
dour and forbearance, is not incapable of even-
tual adjustment—and that there are great clanger
and inconveniences which the temperate, candid. ..

aruentalrlitniges ; he
.
mar-
dons; and
acidliag
eismani
altogether
e her Unitarianfrom thenlu must
rseeseei iiilt
thus proceeds—
that the ritual of the Church
is humbly conceived, to the improve-
It has not been concealed,
they may all
is liable to many and just objections
been made to show that
cious revision, without he
remaonveadttebt;patjuhda:.
the compromise of every necessary
to the confirmed stability of the
English Liturgy.
doctrinenien t,
and,; and
earsefiat4Ti
, 1 e. proposition has been conceived in
solitary meditation; it is not
views of the bigot or the partisan; and it is
submitted not in the mere love of innovation, or the idle
act of d inconsiderate reform, but in all humble eat •
ambition
nestnese ~d zeal for the purity of Christian doctrine and
asedcarpetet, d atnodthowstor 1 , n
wors~p► to the scholar, the gentleman, the Christian, the
wisesnd enlightened Government of the National Church-
, The • revision of an exceptionable formulary is a debt
swhich the Church owes to her own character, which
requires the removal of every offence, and the'administration
It is an
of all her offices in apostolic decency and order
from the use and
many clergymen, who are equally averse
disuse of the authorized form. It is a work of wisdom and
address, which will restore uniformity in the celebration
appropriate sympathy with the delicate feelings of

-----
of the office, and by removing
objections, of whatever
value, will uphold the coutinuauce of the religious ratifica-
tion of marriage, and will exhibit a new proof of the tole-
rance and moderation of the church, and of her concern
for the welfare of all who profess and call themselves Chris-
tians. It
give countenance to the errors—not to jus-
tify the ohjections---not to exasperate the prejudices—not
to pi omote the entire separation of any sectarian body ;
hut to seek, in the divisions which unhappily prevail under
charity, not
to an office of the largest and most unbounded
the name of religion, the re-union of the Christian body,
and to persuade each and every member of it to perceive
and acknowledge, through the perfection of her ritual, that
the beauty of holiness is manifest in all the offices of the
tAltircit of Englmal,"r.Ptorning Chronicle.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS

It is now at length perceived and felt, that the
country is in a most lamentable situation, being en-
tirely without a responsible Ministry, and therefore
without a Constitutional Government. On the
perilous • and urgent affairs cf Greece, of Spain, of
Portugal, the diplomatic persons of Russia, Austria,
France,—of Spain and of Portugal,--have no on(
to converse with,—no one of whom they can
et-en ask the question, what are the probable inten-
tions of England with regard to those countries;
unlee.s the Duke of Wellington, as Curator-General
of the
.Kingdom, in lien of the King's Majesty,—
as substitute of the Ministry that was, and is, and is
to be,—be that person. And with respect to oin
domestic affa;:rs, the singular event has occurred,—
which, the more it is thought of, creates the greater
astonielment,—of a Parliament prorogued (wl).
Hoe dissolved ?) by a Council at which no respon-
sible Minister was .present,—no President of the
Coeurile —no First Lord of the Treasury,—
no Secretary of State for Home tar Foreign Affairs.
Indeed, we know that theee of the Cabinet Mi-
nisters were seen and spoken to in town while
the Council was sitting at Windsor ley which the
Parliament was prorogued, and not one of there.
had the least idea of what Was going on. For
the sake of the Constitution, if we are to have a
Tory Administration, let us have it. Were we in
the place of others, however, not so wedded to that
faction, we would not suffer the Duke of Wellington,
or any tither Duke upon earth, to tinker up such an
Administration at our expense, by merely taking us
to Till the cracks and holes in a vessel constituted of
different materials. We say this, because we have
heard that propositions were made to Lords Carlisle
and Dudley,and Mr. Huskisson, to remain, for some
suet] purpose as that intimated above, and that those
persons declined the offer. Their country, we are
sure, will approve of their conduct and motives.
The express, also, which was despatched to the
Duke of Devonshire, was, no doubt, with the same
view, to court him to the same compliance of re-
maining with men whose principles he lisappi oved ;
but no human power could tempt him thus to dis-
grace the name of Cavendish. It s remarkable
that Mr. Canning proposed Lord Althorp as Chair-
man of the Finance Committee; and what but a
cabal and intrigues of the basest kind could have
now set up arid supported Mr. Herries against Mr.
Huskisson, contrary, certainly, to the wise and
good intentions of the King, who, as every one
kwon s, offered the place- of Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer to the latter gentleman, on his return from
the Continent after Mr. Canning's death. He, there-
fore, is now sacrificed, whom his Majesty at that
time preferred—who was the leader of the House of
Commons, and as such had a full right to approve
of Lord Althorp as Chairman of the proposed Com-
mittee. By such unconstitutional manoeuvres,
should they ultimately succeed, all hope of an ar-
rangement of our finances, upon intelligible, frugal,
and, consequently, secure principles, will be lost ; as
well, also, as all the chance of a reform in the whole
"he colonial department already digested, and long
so much needed. If the country can look upon this
undismayed, it.has either more courage, or more in-
difference to its own concerns, than we have been
used to attribute to it. It has been said that Lord
Goderich has written to the King, to know whether
it was his Majesty's intention that the new peerages
were to be conferred as intended. To this inquiry
an answer was returned by the Duke of Wellington
in the affirmative. With respect to the Ministry,
nothing is settled. Mr. Huskisson, we believe,
stated to the Duke of Wellington the plan on which,
in hi; views, the Government might be carried on
To this no answer was given.—Times.

We are still unable to communicate any account
of the new Ministerial arrangements. Rumours of
all kinds were afloat yesterday, but nothing positive
was known. As it, is impossible that an Adminis-
tration can be broken up without abundance of cri-
minations and recriminations, it is much to be wished
that something like an authentic account of the cir-
cumstances which preceded the resignation of Lord
Goderich were laid before the public, that blame
may attach to those who justly merit it. The public
have beard yet nothing but surmises and insinua-
tions ; and though there has been much loud talk
with respect to one individual, whose name has been
bandied about at a good rate, the materials for
judging soberly are yet wanting. It is impossible to
conceive that the objections of Mr. Berries to the
appointment of Lord Althorp as Chairman of the
Finance Committee, could break up a Ministry
which was not already ready to be broken up.—
This was not an affair of principle, but a mere mat-
ter of arrangement; and no man would think
of setting up his own individual opinion on a matter
of arrangement against a whole Cabinet. We say,
then, that the Cabinet which could not get over a
difficulty of this kind, must have been ready to fall to
pieces at the first touch. When a body has de-
clined from the perpendicular, a pebble discharged
from the hand of an infant may serve to throw it
down. No man, however obstinate, would think of
disturbing a harmonious' Cabinet with his single
pertinacious opposition. The whole affair, then, of
the Committee of Finance must' have been merely
one of the symptoms of an organic disease. With-
out pretending to know any thing of the secrets of
the prison-house, we could almost stake our exist-
ence that the real matter at issue remains yet to be
told. Mr. Herries has the reputation of being an
excellent man of business : he has passed through
subordinate situations with general approbation, and
it is not in character that such a man should think
of acting in the pragmatical manner, which setting
himself in opposition to all his Colleagues would
deserve to be termed. There is a time for every
thing, says the wise mart, and our contemporary, the
Times, seems to think this is a time for worrying
the individual who has just been named. Perhaps
it is necessary that there should never lack some
one to be baited for the edification of John Bull;
and if Mr. Herries have no objection to be so baited,
we can have none. Availing himself of a most ab-
surdly extravagant eulogy of The Standard, that
" Mr. Herries's character was the sole stock in trade
of the late Ministry," our contemporary observes,
" Now had you, our po-temporary The Standard,
instead of saying that Mr. Herries had all the cha-
racter of all the Ministry, asserted only, that he had
all the character of all the Stock jobbers, we verily
believe that the gentlemen of that establishment
would have been most happy to transfer their great
name from themselves to him; and not one word
would have been said about the matter." This is
rather a ticklish sort of imputation, with a view to
the effect' on Mr. Herries's colleagues, to say no-
thing of himself. None of our readers can have for-
gotten the rumours on this subject, which were put
about, 'Wore the admission of Mr. Berries into the
Cabinet, and which, after they bad been adverted to
more than once by some of our contemporaries, wc also
noti-ced. It was rumoured at that time, that the
unexpected delay in the appointment of Mr. Herries
was connected with the circumstance now revived
by our • contemporary.
d Our
readers must remember
this, and also the Letter which Lord Goderich ad-
dressed to Mr. Herries in consequence of the public
notice in question, contradicting, in the most posi-
tive manner, the alleged cause of the difficulty in
the Cabinet. Now, the revival of this accusation
looks very like an accusation against the colleagues
of Mr. Herries, for it imputes to them the disposi-
tion to connive at the introduction among them of
one, who, if there was the slightest foundatipu for
the rumour, was of all men the most unfitted for the
situation to which he was appointed. No one can
mistake the meaning of our contemporary. We re-
peat, that the Cabinet could not have been broken
up by Mr. Herries, and that it is puerile tofasten on
that gentleman as a scape-goat for the sins of the
whole, which must have been many. We feel no
disposition to imitate, in matters involving the ho-

nour and character of individuals, the facetiotHness
of our'contemporary, and we shall thqrefore leave
him to the enjoyment of his mirth.—illorniiw
Chronicle.

The messenger.sent by the Duke of Wellington
to Lord Mel Ville in Scotland, returned to town with
the Noble Viscount's answer on Tuesday. It has
been generally understood that :he final arrange-
ments of the new Administration waited for the
answer of the Viscount. The intercourse daily be-
ween the Lord Chancellor, the Duke of 'Welling-
ton, and Mr. Peel, continues with the Noblemen
and Gentlemen who formed Lord Liverpool's Ca-
binet, as well as those in the second and lower de-
partments of Govenrment, who assembled yesterday
at the house of Mr. Peel, in Privy-gardens, in con-
sequence of the Right Honourable Gentleman being
indisposed with a very severe cold, ‘l= hiclt increased
to such an extent on Tuesday evening, that the
Right Honourable Gentleman was obliged to have
a hot bath. Mr. Peal has hitherto dined with the
Duke of Wellington, at his Grace's public dinners
daily, which arc provided whether the Duke be pre-
sent or not. Mrs. Peel and family arrived in town
yesterday, E.:own Maresileld, Sussex, the seat of Sir
John Shelley, which had been ltiriid by Mr. Peel for
the season, and where several parties were to have
been
given to the Duke of Wellington, the Marquis of
Chandos, and a number of others; but which have
been put off in consequence of the dissolution of the
late Administration, and the Duke of Wellington,
wishing for the presence of Mr. Peel in London.
His Grace has been particularly attentive to all
those he has sent for to London express, that their
households in London should be in readiness to re-
ceive them, let them arrive at whatever hour they
fright. The greatest public anxiety is excited to
know who is to be the First Lord of the Treasury.
As it is not yet officially announced, it is impossible
to say; but, if we are to judge from appearances,
we should say there was strong suspicion yesterday
that the Duke of Wellington would be First Lord,
for some of the official Gentlemen who always at-
tend the First Lord of the Treasury were in attend-
trice on the Duke. Several of the late Admini-
qration will remain in the Cabinet, as well as the
Lord Chancellor—viz. Mr. Huskisson, Mr. Herries,
Lord Bexley, Mr. Wynn, and, it has been said, Earl
Dudley : however, if the Noble Earl should con-
tinue, it will not be at the Foreign Office, as the
Noble Earl is removing his furniture from that re-
sdence. Mr. Huskisson has been heard to say, that
he does not consider himself attached to any party,
and he would act with any who pursued the general
principles he approved of. There was nothing
known on Tuesday of a Council to be held at the
Royal Lodge, Windsor, until the Ministers began
to arrive. Had the weather been favourable, and
his Majesty in good health, the Council would have
taken place at St. James's. His Majesty is still, it
is said, anxious for a union of both parties, but it is
expected that the Tory party will prevail. He is
not a little vexed that the Whigs and the Tcries
cannot he more conciliatory towards each other, and
says that they have more an eye to the good things
of Church and State than they have to the State
itself.—Morning Herald.

To many the rise in the French Funds appears
extraordinary. To us it appears by no means so ;
France is at peace with all the world, with the ex-
ception of Algiers, and having some little to do with
the alliance against our old Ally, Turkey; but nei-
ther of those affairs costs France much, nor is France
in any danger of being attacked by either Algiers or
Turkey ; consequently her expellees for war cannot
be much. France, by the Revolution, got rid of a
most enormous load of paper money; she also got
rid of her tithe system, and by the sale of the lands
of the Aristocracy, and her new law of wills, the
land has become divided among the great mass of the
people ; consequently France has a great number of
small proprietors of land, who, in all probability, arel
saving something every year, It is pretty well
known that a man will take double the pains with
his own land to what he will do with other people's
land as tenant. Now the debt of France, and for .10
millions of people, is not more than about
200,000,0001., and by a statement which was exhi-
bited some time since, it appeared that the great
bulk of the holders of that debt were French
people, and that each, on an average, did not
hold more than front 100/. to 2001. principal
of French Stock. It appeared that there
were very few people in France who held of
the debt a sum amounting to so much as 10,000/.
or 20,000/. Now there being, as we have said,
a great number of people in France of small proper-
ties, and as in all probability, most of them are saving
something every year, what is so eligible for them
as to invest, if not permanently, yet_ temporarily,

their savings in the French Funds 13 'We therefore
look upon it that there is in France, on such account
alone, a regular real demand for French Stock ; and
this itself ►would keep up the price. In fact, it
operates on the French Funds in probably a greater
ratio in proportion even than our Sinking Fund
operates on our Funds. Now, on occasion of
changes of Ministers, and other trivial matters, we
see that, o►ving to this large mass of small holders of
French Stock, the Funds do not fall, but, contrary
to the supposition of those ►who are supposed to be
knowing in these matters, they rise. The fact is,
that, except there is something of serious appre-
hended danger, a large mass of people do not sell

that in which each- has so little interest. For
instance—a Frenchman may have land and house,
&c., worth 2,0001.; his funded property may
not exceed 1001.; in case of fright, such a
man might sell and put by his 1001. in gold.
But nothing but a fright would cause him to
do so ; and thus we see that there being
nothing to warrant a fright, the selling. and putting
by gold does not take place; therefore the French
Funds do not droop —but, on the contrary, rise, in
consequence, as we have said, of the small annual in-
vestments by a multitude of little and medium. pro-
prietors of houses and lands. It is probable that this
rising will go on, should there be no revolutionary
storm again, of which there is no probability, seeing
that an unmanageable load of paper money—an im-
mense tithe system—and an overgrown Aristocracy,
are got rid of. And if the rising goes on, and the
Rentes should reach the price of 110, then the Fi-
nance Ministers might do as Lord Bexley did—re-
duce the Five per Cents to Four or Four and a
Half per Cent., or threaten to pay off certain portions
of the debt by a sort of ballot of names and sums,
except holders would agree to a reduction of a half
or one per cent. But in such a case the Minister
would be compelled to have recourse to a new loan,
at a less interest than 5 per cent., in order to pay off
the holders of the Five per Cents, should they hap-
pen to say, " We will be paid off, and we will not agree
to the reduction." This is the United States plan-
with their Six per Cents., which they pay off, to a
certain extent every year, by means of other loans
raised at 5 per cent.; and if the United States
people avoid war, and they remain in their present
prosperous state, they will next pay off their Five
Per Cents. by means of loans at 4 per cent., and so
on, till there be no debt remaining—a thing to be
wished as well by all nations as by all families in
private life. Should the present Finance Minister
of France proceed on this slow and sure principle
of reduction of interest, and should Charles X. have

the sagacity to remain at peace—and surely his
early misfortunes must have taught him sagacity,
inasmuch as bitter experience is the best of all schools
—then we think what we have stated maybe brought
about, and France be relieved, so far as her debt is
concerned. But if M. Roy, like M. Villele, should
attempt at once to go from a five per cent. inte-
rest to only a three per cent., we are of opi-
nion that he will, like M. Villele, fail, and,
like the latter, fall.' Lord Bacon says, " Be-
ware of sudden changes !" M. Villele split
upon that rock of " sudden change;" and it is much

if 11r. Iluskisson, on the " Iteciirocity systcni, has
not split on the same rock as to popularity.
people in general, they are very bigoted, very super-
stitious, and very much in fear of change, lest such
change should be injurious to their interests; there-
fore, all Ministers and Kings should be slow in their