The Sun.
London, England, 1826-08-28 00:00:00

Zin (1141.

LONDON, •
MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 28, 1896.

We have received the several Paris Papers of Thurs-
day and Friday, with the bode of.Saittrday morning.
The Stolle of Friday contains intelligence from Con-
stantinople of the occurrences between the 12th and
23d July. ,Execution, and I:tanishrnents Were going
forward in all aerections -; the -streets were deserted,
business of course at a complete stand, 'and general
distrust prevailed. A- fearful and eventful period is
yet to ;be. passed. The Etoile of Saturday contains
no news : but all the other papers are filled with articles
from Spain and Portugal, relative to the feelings ex-
isting in both' countries on the establishment of the
Constitutional Charter. Whethet Spain will be tnad
enough to aValttle any boa& attitude against Portu-
gal, teulains to be toati...-bUt it i!. quite' ts•44etit, that
her disposition is to resist. the new order of things, and

that it she abstains from 'active measures of intetfer-,
erre, it is her " poverty and not her will consents."
,
Extracts of. these papers will Iv, found in a pre-

ceding column.
FAsNcit Fawns.—PAßts, Alto. 25.—Five per Cents. 100 f.
.70c. ; Three per Cent.. 661. 20e.; flank Stork, 2,0101. ;
Renters do Niple*, 721, 70e. ; Ratites d'Eppagne, 91. ; SPauish
Loam 460.,; HaytiAu Loan, 6701.--Esehange on London, one
monthlol. 65e.—('ours AWAtniigne.

We have received Brazilian Papers to the 22d of
June inclusive. The funeral obsequies of the late King
of PORTUGAL were celebrated on the M arid 23d of
May with great magnificence. LUEZ Josz t)F. CAA-
VA 1.1.0 F Mkad.o, first Viscount of Cachveira, died
on the 6th of June. He retired from the post which
he had filled with great ability, of Minister of Foreign
Affairs, on account of his ill health in Sept. 1825.

The news of the action between the Brazilian and
Buenos Ayrean squadrons, arrived at, Rio de Janeiro
on the 10th of June, and the succiss of the rencontre
had been magnified into the complete destruction of
tin Bucuus. Ayrean Fleet. Private accounts men-
tion thdt two brigs had been captured, and that the
Nellie roy %%as on shore. The other numbers of
the Diario are filled with , the discussions of the
Chamber,of Deputies, in which we find nothing
portant except that the Treaty between France and the
Brazils was presented to the Chambers on the 15th;
and on the 16th, a motion WAS made) and a message, in
consequence, sent to Government, to inquire into cer-
tain " scandalous atrocities" practised against the
militia of Minos Gerses, who bad been put in irons,
and, in that state, brought to the capital. The Mi-
nister, in his answer;states, that he had already made
inquiries into this act of abuse, in order to communi-
cate the same to the Chamber.

• The
.Sittings of the Chtanhera arc from nine to
twelve, and extraordinary
when. Members require it.rneetinga may be. summoned

We copy the following commtinicsitioo:refir:gmrlaptiz
Cape 4 etv.)iftie:nototyd. frt)oyu
4sithpeerlsqlanuil:elii:kced to take. a
very unfavourable view .of the state of affairs in that
Colony, and contains, we have no doubt, an over
coloured representaion c,f S.4o.oircurnstaticesit refers to.
With'refiard to the. currency, it is Idle to talk of. the
injurious egrets afthe Government regulation fi'ing
rix-dollar paper currency et is. 6(1., hesause.prior to
tins regulation the six-dollar *4B IR) more Worth. its
original value of 4s, than it is now. - Ile state of the
1;
'exchange Often redttced it be.h)w its .iiresulit .4e!d
:value ; etkid they presto regiitatiqn wai, adopted to
prOVellt the iticonVerlielleC
.froth the_.exe,essi4e
fluctuation in the rate of 'eta** which pieiiouB,lY

took place, and which it was hoped that Lng the
value of the r6-dollar at Is. fid. for Government
payments would tend to prevent :--

"Cass or GOOD Hors, Juua 2.—The news we have just
received by the Sparrowhawk of the 'state of affairs in Great Bri-
tainit very lamentable, but it is not near so bad as the state of
this. colony. In the first place, we have almost a famine in the
land. Bread can scarcely be obtained at any price. The Burgher
Fonaterhave purchased immense quantities of corn, on account of
the public (es they pretend); but what coat them from SO to 90,
they are selling at 280 rix-dollars per load. They will conde-
scend to sell a single bag—but it must beat their -own price.
You .have no idea in England how such Government establish-
ments in colonies operate against the interests and welfare of
the community; they are, in fact, entirely perverted to private
monopolies ! The rain has happily just commenced, and if the
farmers can obtain' seed to - put into the ground, perhaps we
may have yet a harvest ; but it is feared that the seed of last
harvest will prove very bad. We have had no rain before these
seven months. Cattle cud sheep have been.starving for want iof
Frawi. The scarcity of money is so great in the treasury, that it
is six months since some of 'the public officers have received any
salary. Much of this inconvenience and injustice has arisen from
the manner in which silver was introduced in hen of the rix-
dollar paper currency. 'Such was the consequent depreciation in
property, that persons who, having been paid at that rate, had a
right to calculate upon an equivalent of 45., were then told that
lad. only was what they could receive. The ruinous effects
upon the colony generally (for all did. not suffer at this rate)
throughout all the varied transactions of life, can hardly be
imagined. We do ardently hope that Parliament will redress our
many grievances. Our new Lieutenant-Governor does as well as
can be, but he had to commence his administration of affairs under
the most unfavourable circumstances."

As other papers have published a copy of the terms
upon which land is granted to Settlers in New
South Wales and_ Van Diem<in's Land ; we have in-
serted in another part of our Paper the Circular issued
from the. Colonial Office on this subject in April last,
but the substance of this noticelas before appeared in
our columns.

The Alkorione Zeitung of the 20th' August,
which reached us last night, contains an article from
Constantinople, of the 26th July, which tionfilans the
accounts of the State of that capital, as given in our
extracts-from the French Papers.
The system of terror is said to be carried.to the
greatest pitch ; hut secret discontent was spreading,
and even sometimes manifested itself. Placards had
been posted up, and replaced when torn down by the
Police, reminding the Sultan of the fate of SLIM, in
attempting a similar reform, and threatening that the
Janissaries would suddenly spring up ‘‘,lts if they
grew. but of-the sea," to avenge their wrongs on the
successor of AlArtomrr, who had become the ally of
the Christians.—The heat is described as intolerable,,
and the plague extending its fatal ravages.

Two Lisbon Mails have been received this morning
by the Sandwich and Stansner packets. The former
left Lisbon on the 18th, and the latter on the 20th
inst. By these opportunities dispatches have been
received at the Foreig►► Office, and at the Admiralty
down to the 19th inclusive ; and we have received
Lisbon Gazette to the 20th. Tranquillity appears
to have been completely established throughout Portu-
gal. The following are extracts of these Papers
LISBON.
(From the Gazette).

AUG. 10.—The Gazette contains the list of the new
Ministry, dated, however, August lit; also the instruc-
tions for the tnode ofproceeding in the election of Depu-
ties to the Cortes.

Aud. 12.—A representation from the Ministers to the
Princess Regent, referring to a decree of 17th Dec., 1825,
by which their salaries are raised to eight eontos of rent,
per, annum, states that, it appears to them that, under the
present circumstances of the country, such an increase can-
not take place without injury to the public revenue;, and
as they think the salary oflotir contos, 800,000 reis, sufficient
for the respectable support of their dignity, they request
her Highness to revoke the said decree, and order the sala-
ries of the Ministers to be 4 cantos, 800,000 reis, as they
were before. The Infanta has decreed accordingly.
AUG. 14.—A notice from the Minister of War, dated
11th August, expresses the gratitude of the Princess. R-
egent to General Correa , Demello, end to aft the other
Generals who bays distinguished thernielyea,by their loyal
conduct, during the late events, as well as to the several
regiments who have remained faithful to their duty on
this occasion.

15.--Senhor liarrados having requested to be
relieved from the functions of Minister 'of Ecclesiastical
Affairs and Justice, the Infanta has confided that depart.
ment, ad, interim, to Sepihor F. Manoel Vigoso d!Aragas
Morato, Minister of thc. Interior.

WAR OFFICE, AUG. 13.
The following official communications have been received
to-day, by the steam-boar,

General Jose Correa de Mello writes from his head-
quarters, at Braganzn, the sth inst. that the rebels of the
late 24th regiment of infantry, were disarmed on the 4th
by the Spanish cavalry, and conducted to Zamora.
Brigadier Sebastian Jose de Mira writes from Chaves,
the 7th, that tranquillity still prevailed there and that the
rebels, who, from that part of the frontier fled to Verim,
had been dered to Orense.

The same tranquillity Prevailed in Miuhu, Oporto, and
Beira.

AUGUST 17.-1-ler Highness the Infanta Regent has
appointed Jose Antonio Guerreiro,.`to be Secretary of
State for Eeelesiastical-Affaireand Justice, till the arrival
of Senhor Pedro deMello Breyner.
AUGUST IB.—The accounts from Brags, Braganza, and
Chavii,
"Mnounte the continuance of tranquillity.
A long proclamation from the. Minister of Justice, is
of the following tenor:—
The Charter given to the nation by, Don Pedro, is a
The Portuguese monarchy
pledge of his Majesty's paternal goodness, and of the
future prosperity of Portugal.
had originally a representative government; it expelled
population, wealth, territory,
the Moors, and increased in
and glory ; its decline is coeval with the decay of its
ancient institutions.
-regulated
all eivil.aiii polit Cal rights, and a
In the charter will he found every thing that colt tend to
insure to the Portuguese w01e,,111
Ideenipijiotlyrytbn,aetyrihitojeogrf,ovparraaoilii,:it:4o,,f,,victer.oflio!er,
.an 4
r e 1 It
throne
such
le.
authority. . If thei interest
ilarai theoitteestneto uadtewfenndregqui
" agOns.t..the abuse of Power, it generally
ofgwhich
liberty
atagainst the excesses produte anarchy. In
e, constitutional Gcvernment the Monarch is the mode-
rator-of all political powers, superior to all passions, with
gqtuiairresanttitidestruefio e
no interest except that of the good Of the nation. The
guarantees that surround the throne are additional pledges
of the durability. of the social edifice.
The essential difference between institutions freely given
obs
trry .oyllietig extorted
o legitimateverliyy everything,
Sovereign,ng revolutiont oebios 1 adtndhi
na that htotoi
indefinite
i; dictatedtrtol)teiguiliely;blfvohdricel ee-
legitimacy
nsi d e rat io n a -sale* to
the former preserve what was lawfully established, to re-
form by degrees; revolution threatens the existence of all-
show the nature and
protects all righteand all individuals.
intle,rbtosoots ;
co

object of` ‘ „„.
the Charter given us
()y our legitimate Sovereign,
And the duties of the Mtv,istrateti v-
W.:lwere to carry it into
effect.
The strict observance of the laws is a I:ltst duty of every
citizen, and especially of all biagistrates
; it ,is a daty of a
forms of government under a constitutional regime; it is °lie;
cessity conformable to the principles of e tha.eforter; and
although it will at times render it difficulbectfulii soot"'
its articles, yet the efficacious will of the Magistrates, their
zeal for the Royal service- and the public good, arta a
careful study of the Charter, and the principles on-which

it is founded, will furnish them with rules to follow.
All the authorities, all magistrates, and goodmagistrates, citizens,
must incessantly labour to efface all traces of the distinc-
tions-and odious qualifications to which preceding times
have given birth. Don Pedro 1V.,, in granting the most
ample amnesty for 'political opinions, has condenmed
the past to eternal oblivion. We are all Portuguese sub-
jects of the same King, and under the same law. To obey
the law or to be a criminal, to bi a faithful subject or
a rebel, these are the only distinctions which Justice an&
the Charter allow.
Towards persons accused the Magistrate -must not
be more severe than the law; he must not refuse there
any means of defence, which is not denied by the laws,
and must always remernber that -a person suspected,
or
merely accused, is not yet a convicted criminal; mid that
all ill treatment, illegal imprisonment, and solitary con-
Hutment for a longer time than the law enacts, is arbi-
trary, cruelly anticipated punishment, and a violation of
individual security. The public examination of witness
is the most valuable security of innocence against calumny'
and can in no case be omitted in the prosecution of cri"
minal causes.-
The Police hitherto united with the administration of
justice is the most difficult, the least brilliant, but the nor
glorious attribute of the Magistrate.. The object of the
Police is to prevent the commission of crimes, and 'A"
they are committed, to arrest the criminals, that thiy may
not escape the. rigour of the laws. To prevent crimes, It
is necessary to know the causes that produce or prePs".'
and the indication which precede them—prudence here
of more avail than all the apparatus of criminal juriglut,
deuce, activity- to trace out, perspicuity to judge, anti Ire
means of foreseeing the symptoms indicative of t'i
interruption of public tranquillity ; when they sre
,
known the cause must he sought out and remnifeu'
-if it is within the attributes of the Magistrate;
with the docile and obedient character of the Pc'
tuguese, every disturbance of public tranquillity, io whsy.
ever place, may be always .imputed to the keel e.
thorities for what they have done, or what they have
glected to do. Bat all Must remember, that the pnlics 1
not an odious system of espionage, following the per.
system in the street, the temple, and his owir,."" enLidrea
ducing the son, the wife, and the brother, ur
learn the secrets of families—means which rooll7of 0,-
demo cannot serve towards the good- governbe pno-
tions. The first obligation of the magistrate is here
perly versed in the order of judicial the
invariably to the legal form,
magistrate must, like the law, be equally
and .to remember
a.
Pmeeedings' t°hat
Such are the principles which all Magistrates dust
low in the Constitutional Regime, and which her
ness the Infanta Regent orders me to communicate WI.,
Her Highness hopes that all will hasten, by their ore',
the
application, to make the people feel the benefits n
be
Charter which his Majesty has given them;. and I g011,,7,
highly gratified in having, as I hope I shall, to placs tas
name on the list to be presented to her Highness tz
who have most distinguished themselves in esectm''s
impartial tnt 1,011.

them.
Palace of Ajadas Aug. 17, 1926. J. A. GUERIIEIita
19.—The accounts from the provinces are SittiP,
factory.

The Lisbon-Papers received this forenoon CO'
intelligence from Rio de Janeiro to, the 46th Jul'
of which we have only room to give the followo

extracts :

RIO DF JANFIRO, JULY 3,
The Chamber of Deputies has been engaged for oeverel
days. in discussing a project of law on the respo' nsibgitY
of Ministers, of which many ;titian have been agreed t""
A law. for the Naturalization of Foreigners has brut.'"
passed in the Chamber of Senators, and sent to the
puties.
Art. I. Every Foreigner may obtain letters of 7„,"rh"
lization of 24 years old, having resided four' "1„--t:
Empire, of unexceptionable conduct, and Abe Or"'
prove the poisession of one of the, following
1. TO be married to Brazilian woman, and to It,
some office, profession, or Occupation by which he can
nourably subsist. six
2.
'lb possess in .the empire a capital, Of at 104 „1„.
cantos of Reis, in land, commerce, egriculture, m""
facture% and an annual income of :100,000 Reis. by
3. 'l'o be versed in some science or liberal art,
some production in writing, or enjoying a pension "" tulip
ground.'
4. To have done important services to the nation,
knowledge(' as such by the Government. , Art-
11. The exercise of the political rights !Parke" I".tod
91. and 94., of the constitution, by the persons nattira..7.
according to Art. I. and any of the four conditions sb°oli,
prescribed, does not imply the exercise of the othehr fog
qiudificatiors;
ticat rights of the same constitution ; unless whe",.,"%eas,
the qualifications it requires for natural born ri,.
they. have resided ten years without interruption "
empire. r
in. The person naturalized must take in the h(A)ol.‘t, to
pared for the purpose the oath of obedience and flueo'f. the
the Emperqr,. and to the Constitution and ii,*,ll:tio "I
Empire, totally renouncing the rights and jOr**"-
his own country.
June 20,.1826. 1; IA are'
The Diario Naminense of June 27, outran'. tinned
port, which it seems hail been spread of fosse ' °od of
by the Imperial squadron, in the Rio de la I)l3ts' brio'
the death of Captain Grenfield. The Editor sa)'''„,hi
letters from Monte Video, of the .16th, at night, 11,11,-,17 The
the American ship Hamlet, which sailed no the ni the
Doris Enh frigate had arrived, haVing oiled 1,1;;; 10th
Rio de Plate on the 14th. Brown had sailed on '"'; oth,
with six 'ships
Garcia, ti lota
between. heislands oT Horn and Martini and 11 gun-boats, and anchored on th
tect the passage of General Soler, who intended t",
at Porto da Vacaz, on the Banda Oriental, tO intended
tin Itodrigner, who was to return to Buenos Ayr:. Ll it%
A schooner which came down the river on toes% tlir
stated there had been a brit* firing that dal, Olt
two squadrons. , The captain of the Hamlet 60:1,4 sir
on the 16th, at 9, p.m., a brigantine of N"r2ttfripte,
vision arrived, and anchored near the Piral, tee
but added nothing, nor did.. it confirm' t-„of Or
spread .at Monte Video of the' loss of a let
brigs. The brave Gm:field had attemPte' art °'
days before, to cut out a privateer, within thefife vrei
Ensenada, at night, but being perceived, a heavY
and go,
opened on him by the fort, and he lost piloti; 0411
thing more. The jurujoha sillied on the 1 ttrolict.
Rodrigo" Lebo. This is all an answer for col
ing the reports in circulation.

instant.
Article firm Brussel* w°tild
the lesa t"
that the policy of the Prussian Cilb
the belief
not suit the inclinations' of Prince MET-lEl'l43c° .
FlandersTh 2 4et h Papers have beenreCeiverl this forenoon to
Lord Sidmouth has arrived here from England; an
Prince of Salm from Amsterdam. t 0 3"'
Avo 25
.--Various 2.).—Various letters from Germany seen' iot
. ' ' nuusstl,s, a'ilit'tdri'llet--hsa
dicate that the policy of the Prussian Calinift .fla "r of
completely harmonise with that or Austria. Iji

; a
internal organization, and concescon
„nen are going to
be made to the general wish of the
:Prussian nation, seem
to have alarmed Prince Met:avinich,
and to have given
eke to observations, to
.which, if we may credit our cor-
resPcnide°t9, little 'attention has been paid. In the pre-
sent etate6f E'atope, the system adopted by Prussia seems
to
he the 4rily security against the contingencies which
eeeee to be impending.

A Sunday Paper of yesterday published an article
on " Public Abuses" which contained the most bare-
faced misrepresentations, with respect to the expendi-
tiire of this country, which the audacity of the - press
ever put forth. The object of the article was to coin-
pure America and England, in the expense of its Go-
vernment ; and it would be useless to follow the
article through the tissue of falsehoods it had recourse
to, to establish its case. It will be sufficient to prove
,its inaccuracy in some points. It asserts that there are
seven Lords of the Admiralty, whereas there are hut five ;
'that there s,are"two Post Masters General, at 5,0001.
per annum, when. there is but one at 3,0001.; that
there is a 'Warden of the Mint, at 10,000/. per an-
num, when the Master of the Mint has but 3,0001.
perannum ; and so on. But the grossest misrepre-
sentation and exaggeration is, with regard to the
Revenues of the Established Church, which, for the
information of that body in particular, and the public
in general, we must copy.
Eetscnrat. CLIAGY.—Two Archbishops, at 21,0001. each
(42,0001.) Twenty-four Bishops, 7,600/. each (182,4000
DIGNIFIED CLERGY.—Archdeacons, Deans, Prebendaries,
Canons, and other members of Cathedral and Collegiate Churches,
about '7OO, at 5,500/. each (895,0000
PAROCHIA L CLERGY.—Aristocratical non-resident Incumbents,
about 4,000, at 1,000/. each (4,ooo,oooo—Reaident Incum-
bents, about 2,000, at 2501. each (500,0000—Curates, about
4,000, at 100/. each (400,0000—Total Income, 5,059,4001.
In Ireland, considering the small number of the English Episco-
Miens, matters are still worse. There are twenty-two Bishoprics,
tlte exact value of which is not known, but Mr. Wakefield, a
Toey, gives the value of the principal as follows :—The Primacy,
140,0001.__-Derry, 120,000/. —K more, 100,000/. —Wate rford,
10,0001.—Chigher, 100,000/.
The statement of there being 700, dignified Clergy,
who -have 5,5001. each, and 4,000 Aristocratical
•non-Resident Clergy, at 1,0001. per annum, is too
wide a departure from truth to demand any contradic-
tion from us. A refutation of the history of Baron
MUttchatisen was never considered requisite.

The state of Ireland at this moment presents a most
melancholy picture—never perhaps have accounts from
that country exhibited a more desponding aspect--
every paper announces fresh instances of death by
.starvation, oppression of landlords, and the virulent
rancour of party spirit,--rnisery and distraction have
reached a climax which is incompatible with the secu-
rity of the country. There is a saying, that when
affairs are at the worst, they must mend: This is a
poor consolation ; yet we must confess with sorrow,
that we see 'no other grounds to hope for any speedy
amelioration in the disastrous condition of that un-
JAPpy country.
Though all parties contribute their mite to remedy the
first of these calamities still their means are totally in-
adequate taafrord effectual relief to the crying necessities
of the helpless—and in spite of all their efforts and the
igabl , •
indefate exertions of the Government—misery is
extending itself throughout the country, and starvation
committing havoc upon the population. In this forlorn
posture of affairs, we would take the liberty of suggest-
ing (what we are surprised has not long since been
carried into effect) that the 16,0001. of the old Catholic
Rent which is funded in Lord Killeen's name, he ap-
plied to the relief of the starving artisans and peasantry
from whose pockets great part of it had been extracted
in brighter days.
This is a species of property escheated by an Act
ti the Legislature, and remaining in abeyance to abide
. the will of the original donors—there is no purpose to
which it can be applied that could give more general
4etisfaction—justiee demands, and humanity dictates,
This mode of application. Come forward, 1.).24tzt.,
'l3'CaiNtLL, and shew your fellow-feeling, by urging
the Ithoption of this suggestion, otherwise there will
h
'.l,4etiolis deduction from the seven millions before
pung• The oppression of landlords originates from
st vindictive spirit towards such of their tenantry as had
ti
he rtasurance to act independently for once in their
li'es, and dared to make a legitimate use of their fran-
chiae at the late electiont4 by voting as their will di-
rected---S' heinous crime, rare indeed in the annals of
frish elections, and therefore ought to be castigated in
its infatieY•
Tilt *liberal 4and despotic conduct of those landlords
stifled bit
mentautsiu -repro tion, and cannot be too highly
ell""ea, for the mischief that may result from it, at
this critical juncture) is incalculable ; it not only en-
genders between the landlords and tenants
themselves, which cannot be consistent with the per-
sonal security of the former
(if a resident., or the in-
terest of either, but it also feeds the flame between the
partici to svhicli they respectively belong, and to what
extent the evil may reach it is difficult to
conjecture.
We entreat Landlords, if they have any regard for the
tranquillity of the Country, for their own reputation,
for the security of their lives and property, to curb the
petty feelings which dictate such impolitic conduct.
We now some to the superlative of Irish 'afflictions,
party rage, which, in spite of the exertions of the
Legislative and Executive Authorities to subdue it,
maintains an unprecedented ascendancy, and will, we
apprehend, rise still higher, if a design now in pro-
Cress be not Checked in the embryo—wemean the insti-
tution ofan Order of Liberators projected by Mr. O'C
p
NRLL) %r the purpose of perpetuating the triumph
which the Catholics obtained at the late elections, and
wabieh prudence would direct them to enjoy in silence.
distinctionsthat render one portion of the subjects
()f a state offensive to another, are incompatible with
its true • •
interests. ror this reason we approve of the
4ubvergion of Orangeism, as insulting to the Catho-
lic feeling; anti for the Same reason we feel called upon