The Sun.
London, England, 1819-09-01 00:00:00

LEVIER VI.

HONBST Jonti,—Alter a week's reflection on
the truths you and I have investigated, I trust
you are 110 W convinced, that whatever you, or
yours, may suffer from poverty, still the grada-
tions from extreme wealth and rank to pauperism
anal lowliness proceed, not from a declension in
the natural state of mankind, or of the individual,
but are, in fact, a progression front the natural
poverty of ratan, up to the artificial state in
which be is found in the various classes of so-

elev.

Nor is this to be applied to man alone : it is
true also as regards the country itself. England,
in her natural state, before the gradual ameliora-
tion of society brought her to her present im-
proved condition, was no better than she still un-
cultivated portions of Epping Forest, Blackheath,
or Salisbury Plains. 'Tis to the progressive in-
crease of wealth that she is indebted for tier pro-
gressive improvements of enclosure, irrigation,
varied crops, improved tillage, commodious rudds,
and inland navigation.

Look back, JOHNNY, but fifteen centuries, at the
naked natives, and the open-heaths, and contrast
them with the clean, well-dressed populace,
and the well-tilled fields of the present day !
Look back to the untutored savage, h the notoig
deer or the wild goat over altitost interminable
deserts, and seeking his vegetable foid beneath
the spreading branches of the oak or beech, Ana
contrast the scene with Leadenhall Market,
with the fruit•stalls of Covert( Lialgien, and the
National Schools, that spread knowledge and
science amoogit the children of the poorest citi-
zen of the State !
Reflect on these truths, my good friend, 'and
you will confess, that the inequality of wealth
proceeds, not from the deprivations of some, but
from the more rapid accumulations of others, who
may be more industrious, more ingenious, or per.
baps only more fortunately placed and circutu-
stsneed than :he many whom they outstrip in the
pursuit of a competency.

That the wealth of the rich, of the affluent,
and even of those who only possess a competence,
makes the poverty of the extreme poor more con-
spicuous, and perhaps even tnore difficult to sub-
mit to patiently, I will grant you; but still the
wealth does not produce the Poverty. If there
were no wealth, we should all be poorer than the
poorest at present ; fur then, though we should
be free from Poor, Laws, remember that we
should also have no Poor Funds, and what then
would be the fate of the imbecile, of the infirm,
of the aged childless widow, of the friendless, of

the otplihn
But you are told that the evil consists in the
present inequality of wealth ! Ah, JOHNNY, whilst
you are smoking your pipe and enjoying your pot
. comfortably, after a good pkin dinner, and per-
haps listening to some wise friend, who is proving
bow unhappy you are, only consider, for one
moment, how touch of these comforts would re-
main to you if the present inequality of wealth
were to be desTroyed, or even only to be ra-
duced ; aufl, consider further, how far the mass
of society would be benefited by your depriva-
tions.

If this inequality is only to be reduced, and it
is worse than fully to complain of it merely for
the sake of complaint, where ere we to stop short
betore we come to the level of equal distribution ?
Who is to be the assessor ? Who is to he the im-
partial regulator ? Anal who is to assuage the
envy of those who get nothing, or who get less
than their neighbours ) It then appears, that
once admit the principle and we must then pro-
ceed to equal distribution. But what shall we
distribute ? We have seen that the land cannot be
divided to any purpose of permanent utility.--
'hall we we divide the crops .• They sill soon be

eaten. At present the hedge-rows, tic gates,
paliugs, trees, &c. are all wealth, but would
cease to be so if divided. Shall we divide the
roads, the canals, the farm-bouses, the home-
steads, the warehouses, the manufactories, the
villas, the cottages, the palaces ? To divide, you
must pull them down. Shall we divide the cash ?
Of that there is but little. Shall we divide the
Bank notes ? They would cease to be of vaine.—
Shall we divide. the Bank itself, the Royal Ex-
change, the Docks, the 'litanies, with its wharfs
anti bridges ? At present all these are wealth ; but
what would they be if diuided 9
In short, JotiNNY, it it were possible to divide
all these things equally, how shall we preserve
that equalii y by making them equally productive ?
Can we divide the industry, the ingenuity, the,
fentet price titat nuw direct thew ? If we cannot,
.heu inequality must ensue,. and we have nothing

for it but to form a new distribution, or to remain

as we are.

In short, my old friend, to make wealth pro-
ductive to the individual, and stimulative, as
well as productive, to others, it must be clammed
op. A head of water, if kept at en inch in depth,
may cover a great extent of lamtkbut will Zse of
very little use for mechanical purposes. An eveti
current of an inch in depth will never- move a
water wheel. But let it rise to 20 inches, and let
it fall to a certain depth, and you have a power
that will move any weight. So is it with wealth.
It must rise to acquire force. By its fall it turns
the gt eat water %%heel of self-interest, and puts
the whole machinery of Society in motion. Then,
in the vast plain of human life, it finds a level,
until again dammed up, for similar purposes.—
Like the well regulated stream, it becomes useful
to all, whilst the casual torrent and the pernicious
floodings, and the useless overflow,' are alike
avoided.

Your's,

FOlt THE SUN.

IGNOTUS.

ON THE PRESET DISORDERS.

MR. EDITOR—It is no small point gained when
a Physician has discovered the true nature of a
pstient's complaint, and the advantage is fully
and completely analogous in p:Oitical disorders.—
'You will recollect, I am sure, when you see my
signature, that I told you long ago that the fer-
ment which was working in this Country was the
spirit of Democracy. Happily, it has now de.
dared itself, and we know svi!h what we have to
contend. It has declarer! itself both in words and
deeds. Universal Suffrage is the theory of Re-s
publicanism ; and the tumultuous assemblies which
have lately agitated the Country are the practice
of it. Sir, such assemblies are unconstitutional ;
and if the existing Laws Cannot prevent them,
new Laws should be made that will remove the
evil. As it is, all peaceable and good citizens are
liable to he alarmed, and perhaps much worse
than alarmed, whenever it pleases certain Dema-
gogites to call together the distressed, the idle,
and the profligate.
This, Sir, ought not to happen in any well re-
gulated State. The peaceable and industrious
ought to be protected from the violence of the low
no less than from the oppression of-the high.
It is consoling, amidst these existing evils, to
observe how nos-trd is the contest. On the
one band, a few desperate and contemptible Ad•
venturers, without influence, without property,
without union among themselves, stirring up the
ignorant and the unfortunate ; who either know
not what they would have, or know that they
mould have any man's property which they could
find means to seize. These men are joined. by no
single person of better origin or education, ex-
cept literally two or three, who are either so.
foolish as to deserve contempt, or so wicked as.
to demand detestation. Countenanced indeed
they are, in an underhand way, by a few time-
serving News-writers, who, to displace the Mi-
nisters who have saved the Country, are perfectly
willing to risk the ruin of it. This is all their
strength.
On the other hand, we see all the property,
education, and wisdom 'of the Country ; all that
have risen by honest industry. or hope to rise by
such means; all the Laws as they exist, and all
the Constitutional power appoin-ed to enforce
them; all the Heroes who have fought the battles
'of the Country, and who, for their noble exer-.
titans, receive now only the execrations of the
Democracy; whose victories they basely style
massscres. There caanot be a doubt how such.*
conflict must terminate. But it is lamentable to
see that .eertain desperate men are determined to
bring it, if possible, to a conflict, which must
cause the shedding of useless blood, anti the in-
terruption, at least, of the public peace.
The Demagogues, Sir, tell the People that
Universal Suffrage is their birthright. It is no
such thing. All who can read know that this
Country was never Republican but once, and that
then it was miserable.. They tell them that a
Reform of Parliament, as they call it, would cure
all ills. It could not possibly cure one, and it
would cause ten thousand.

Sir, this leaven conies, not so much from Jaco-
bin France, as from America, whence tre'ili impor-
tations of it continually arrive.—How soon the
present evils will cease no man can say ; but this
every man of sagacity must see, that whatever
mischiefs may wise, to profligate NVriters and
profligate Haranguers they must all be ascribed.
Your's,

OLD SOMERS.

Ye6terdav, twelve o'clock. Mr. BRYANT at-
!ended Mr. liAron GRAHAM and Mr. Justice
lioLltOY D. and withdrew the application for the
Habeas Corpus. Mr. lIuNT having been previously
liberated.—(Morning Paper.) •

The Paris Papers of Stintlay last, which were
due this morning, have not arrived.

New York Papers to the 4th nit. arrived this

ukoi rung.

(From Tire Commercial Alvertisor, 411 g. 3.)

SHIP HORNET ARRIVED.-The United States
ship Hornet, Captain REED, which vessel carried
out Mr. FORSYTH, the American Minister to
Spain, returned to this ,port yesterday from Ca-
diz. The Hornet left Cadiz on the 2d July,
at which time the Treaty adding the Floridas to
the United States had not been ratified by the Spa-
nish Government. Capt. REED has brought Dis-
patches to the Secretary of State.—lt was the ge-
neral opinion at Cadiz that Spain would not
ratify the Treaty with this Country. A part
of the Expedition fitting out in Spain was
stated to be for the defence of the Floridas.

By the arrival of the ship Diomede, in 65 days
from Buenos Ayres, we learn that the Treaty be-
tween that Government and General ARTIGAS
bad not been ratified, and it was believed that the
negociation would eventually fail. Markets high,
hides scarce, and trade dull; preparations are
making for the celebration of the Independence
on the 25th May, at which time a New Constitu-
tion was to be proclaimed.
FROM Aux CAYES, JULY 10.-Since the arrival
here of General M'Gxsoott, from Port-au-Prince,
be made several propositions to his Officers, none
of which it was possible for him to, carry into
effect. His first proposal was, they should pro-
ceed to St. Andrews, and wait the arrival of arms
and ammunition from England, which was con-
sidered impracticable. The next was, they should
crnize off the Havanna') with the brig, where they
would, without doubt, capture to an immense
amount, which would enable him to procure every
timing for another Expedition ; this was also ob-
jected to, on the ground that be had but 5 or 6
men on board, without ammunition and small
arms. Yesterday a Council of his Officers was
held ; the only proposition made was, whe-
ther they should go to the Isle of La Hoche, op-
posite to this place, and there wait supplies and
men from Europe. This plan was adopted by a
small majority. His situation appears to be de-
sperate, without arms, ammunition, and provi-

sions.

(From Mc Bostori Paper of July 30.)

An arrival at New York has brought late -in-
telligence from Buenos Ayres. It does not dis-
tinctly appear whether tire information lately re-
ceived from Rio Janeiro was correct, that BEI,
GRANO was appointed Supreme Director in the
place of RONDEAU. The New York Daily Adver-
tiser, in, reporting the news by the Diomede, says,
a new Director was to be chosen May 25. An
armistice, concluded April 16, which was to have
been ratified May 10, had not been confirmed,
and peace-between them was not expected.
A New Orleans Paper of the 25th July, men-
tions a report in circulation, that the schooner
Two Friends, bound to St.Thomas's, fell in with a
Spanish vessel of war, which engaged her and
killed and wounded a number of bar crew anti
passengers, among the latter was said to be the
celebrated General HUMBERT.

The Metropolis, it appears, is to be disturbed
again to-morrow by a Meeting of the united gangs
of the BUIIDETTITES and the HuNTITEs, and most
probably another Meeting of the same kind will
collect all the scum of the town upon Kenning-
Common. There will, we are assured, be a full
preparation on the part of Government to prevent
disorder. But we are shocked to find that some
men of rank are resolved to join the motley

group, and thus give a sanction to Sedition 414
Rebellion.

lasts

HUNT arrived at 111Auckster on Nowt
at one o'clock.—Haearsoa,' the Preacinr,
pears, has conducted himselfproperly ti
confinement in Chestir Gtkutikt—Btart Is 5°
a O'the
recovered as to be 'expected to -attel)
_A"
trial of Bauce at the Chester Assizes' so
RISON'S trial is expected to. take place on
co
turday. He will be tried for Sedition ; njiu
re
and PEARSON for shooting at BIBCH• There;bc
forty-two prisoners for trial at choler•
us
I
d
burglaries amount to twenty, which is an unns
ly large number.

priptit

We perceive that some of the Morning 10/6
with a timid and reprehensible cantina,
thought proper to insert the Letter from 141114 b;
in our Paper this day, with onsissions. "re' °l,,ite
contrary, shall on this, and on all occasions, bfaii
the venomous effusions of Democracy in ibtirblie
bulk of falsehood and malignity, that the
at large may be able completely t 0 (610
mate the character of the Writers. flut;4, 01l
the impudence to begin, his fallacious 'Jr
by calling his legal removal to Lancasfe.,,,
is'
" dastardly trick," and stiles the mag orsy's
who committed him " Judicial Murderers.'
hope those Magistrates will make hit" /4.00
answer for the foul and libellous design:46'w' fit
then, as might be expected, gives his own °ccis'ed
of his removal to Lancaster Jail, of
doubt, the a hole is ao impudent misrepreselo;„
It is shocking that Ilse peace of this great
pire shoulel be disturbed by this tellow °nu 0,
gang ; but all depends on the vigour of 67'efet
meta. Oar Rulers must 'put the Lsws 4)1'1:
or the impunity attending 'Liebe Radical Itet°l."l-
will lead to more fatal consequences. The 46t
matter of fact, respecting the Procee(l49oo.,
Manchester, is a full vindication of Ole cots
duct of the Magistrates. The Riot Aet
read, as it ought to have been, when thpie,
was so alarming an assemblage 01
and when inflammatory Orators were ate-f;rl
ing to raise their passions to a fit '9( tit`
that might have produced the most dotrdc-tcht
consequences. The Morning Chronicle 0"4
Times have entered into a rivalry of snei9toal
reasoning about the time when the Riot Act ate
read, and the time when Ilona. was take" -ita
custody. They are thus confounding Oils!: is
their nature different. Hut T was not 144'4 iS
consequence of the reading of the Riot ifel'bogi
consequence of a warrant founded on deposit'i ior,
nor was there any intention of dispersing the
pis
ing when the seizure was made. The cr°wiree'
alarmed at the seizure and the sight of the .0
manry Cavalry, and some of the olliefeo
who
among them began to attack the Cavalry' eco
then were obliged to act in their own de'e
(l-
and hence arose all the misfortunes that `-isieff
We consider the Writers in The Morning etCp
Cht°
and The Times as more reprehensible tben ad
the Radical Reformers. The latter are
by sophistry and soured by indigence. /fool
prefer the chance of deriving adeant°ge dee
a Revolution, and, therefore, are Olen:: bite
to produce one ; but the Proprietors oft" 'e
Prints in question possess great property'
id be
perry every day increasing, all of which vig'►
oar'
involved in ruin if the Reformers were t° hog
t"
plish their object. The l'roprietors
°f folly'
Papers ought as much to be pitied for 'heir ote'
as condemned for their mischievous rnigt‘s4ltt
menus of notorious facts. It might be ij°,
that a sense of common danger would iptideie to
Proprietors, of those Prints, however b°lll tt.
of I ,
Ministers in general, to join in support -
Government and those Laws which slt,/,
them in the possession of their. lunPe.r 1170
Can they think that they, are supported by Pt:rioi
opinion in these imprudent attempts t* pit
disgrace on those who maintain tbe buil
against a herd of rebellious miscreants,witid
only aim is the hope to rise upon tile Ili tits/
their country ? If they do, We trust opt
they will fluid themselves mistaken, anti 0,611
e
there is. a fund of good sense in tho ale'
of the People which will induce thena 60
spise and reject those Publications tilpir, sn(11
calculated to encourage the Rebel ReNtnii:-o'o
to reduce this happy Country to the conwileola.
France during the worst stages of the 'teeter/
lion, the shock of which is still fel:: bY four
other Country, and which has shaken (be el
dation of all legitimate Government O'er/
of the world.

We understand that the ltfiirs uf 8 resile
Broker, which excited a strong sensetion des
City last Ft Way, %ye satiifactOidy ailac,:(
n!
terday with the Gcntlemen of stock 1,--tl;;et.'
A duel was to have taken place l •elterd:t tVI
tt
ing, on Wimbledon Common, bet‘wee"i—rl°
a medical man, and C,:ptain F—; but ',l'4
.eg
having been !reeked by the Police the Pi'
were surprised, and ..11,,d from the }Police,
dispwe at hazard was the cause.