The Sun.
London, England, 1828-10-30 00:00:00

PARIS, OCT. 20, 1828.

It may interest you to receive a few hurried
observations, on what I have seen and heard

during the six weeks' excursion that 1 have
made from England to Switzerland, and back
hither, ley way of Lyons. Every where, through-
out the agricultural departments, I saw evident
signs of prosperity and improvement. The fields
well and carefully cultivated, and the houses of
the peasantry in good repair, whitewashed, and
somewhat embellished in external appearance ;
but having undergone little change within,
where the same want of furniture, of com-
fort, and cleanliness was as observable as formerly.
The cheapness of manufactured commodities has
enabled them to dress with more variety and
neatness, and both sexes seemed to me better clad

than they were a few years ago. A taste for
what the higher classes here term luxury, is gain-
ing ground among the peasantry, that is, their
wants are increasing, and their ideas &coming
more elevated ; for instance, coffee is now drunk
in the villages, where hitherto it had been un-
known, and the consumption of butcher's meat
is much augmented in the country towns. The
common rate of wages to country labourers is
25 to 30 sous a day, with their breakfast and
dinner in summer, and 20 sous a day in winter;
and then they have no house rent to pay, as they
are all proprietors of a cottage, and keep poultry.
A friend of mine, a French Nobleman, with
whom I staid a few days, was making repairs and
alterations in his chateau, and I found that the
plasterers and carpenters were paid at the rate
of three francs a day, with their food. TO a
philanthropist, it was pleasing to witness this
happy condition of the labouring class, but it
was painful to me as an Englishman, to reflect
on the very different situation of our unhappy
and degraded peasantry.
Of the manufacturing labourers I. cannot send
you such a favotirable account. On the con-
trary, I have found them depressed and suffering.
At Lyons the silk-weavers could only gain twenty
or twenty-five to thirty sous a day, the latter
price by the very best workmen only, and that in
working from six in the morning to eleven o'clock
at night. No food allowed them, mind you.
Formerly three francs a day was the minimum of
the worst and most unskilful workmen. You
may judge then of the present distress. I heard
great complaints of the stagnation of commerce,
and that our silk manufacturers are beating them
in the market. So much for the clamour against
Mr. HuskisSon and free trade.

At this moment the leading politicians and
influential men are absent from hence, and the
soirees have not yet begun ; but, nevertheless, I
have met with several of my old friends, and had
some conversation on what is passing. They tell
me that a great change is taking place in public
opinion respecting the war between Russia and
1 urkey. The tide is turning in favour of the
latter ; they are regretting the loss of the Levant

trade ; the commerce of Marseilles, as well as
Lyons, is sadly depressed ; they are recalling to
mind, that Turkey has always been the old and
firm Ally of France ; that Russia ought not to
be permitted to aggrandize herself further, so as
to give laws with her barbarous Cossacks to the
rest of Europe ; and, above all, the success of
the Turks, to a people like the French, who are
always dazzled by success, these several reasons
have contributed to give a new turn to the pub-
lic feeling. Added to these, the letters from the
officers and soldiers in the Morea describe the
Greeks as a vile race, who seek to cheat them in
every way, instead of receiving them with open
arms, as generous protectors and liberators. Hence
the altered tone which you must have remarked in
the Journals. The Jon? nal des Debats and the
Cool-Tier Francais, have the greatest influence
on public opinion, being the most ably written,
and the latter especially being wholly indepen-
d'ent, and conducted by men high-minded and
above all base motives ; whereas the Constitu-
tionnel, I am sorry to say, is believed to be under
the guidance of the Russian Ambassador, Pozzo
de Borgo, and to be the hired advocate of the
Russian policy. The expedition to Greece was
planned by MM. de la Ferronaye and Hyde de
Neuville, and now this Cabinet, as well, as the
public here, would rejoice to baVe their army
back, and then remain neutral spectators of the
contest ; or, in unison with England, hold a firm
language towards Russia, and try, by negocia-
tion, to accommodate matters. There is no wish
for war here, and no preparations whatever are
making for it. A great and salutary change has
taken place within these late years, 'in the na-
tional character ; tht military spirit has been sub.
dued by the love of liberty and of political im-
provement„ and habits of industry and a desire
for knowledge have taken root, while the public
; mind has risen rapidly to a-level with their free
institutions. It is to be hoped that they will
persevere in their wise and moderate course, and
. then all Europe will profit by the example. The
. King and Royal Family ar© popular, as well as
the Ministers. All the enmity to England ap-
pears to me to have disappeared, and to hay:• given
place to good-will, and the sentiment that the
. two people have but one common interest.
The Ministry are occupied in preparing pro-
jets des Lois, to be offered to the consideration
of the two Chambers. One of the fir:.t to
be presented is a. change in the municipal sys-
tem, to render it more in harmony with the
Charter, instead of the arbitrary organization esta-
blished by Buonaparte.

Yesterday the Bishop of LONDON examined
the scholars of Whitechapel School. His Lordship entered
the school-room, which was crowded with ladieQ, accom-
panied by the clergy of the neighbouring parishes. In the
course of the ex tmination his Lordship put numerous
questions to the scholars, purposely to elicit what yr:tale:ll
effect education bad had upon their young minds. In
nearly every inst•ince the questions were answered with
promptitude. His Lordship expressed himself highly sa-
tisfied with them, and left a gratuity for the elder scholars
or monitors.

About a quarter before seven o'clock, the Doctor
coach, on its way from this town to Liverpool, was
going at a quid( pace up the gentle ascent beyond
the Wool Pack Inn, with the lamps lighted, when it
came in contact with the Volunteer, which was
coming down 0.2. 1.. 1 towards Manchester, without
lumps; and sue': ',Lis the force of the concussion),
that the Volunteer was instantly overturned with
a dreadful crash, and the whole of the outside pas-
sengers, seven or eight in number, together with the
coachiten, were precipitated with great violence upon
the road, and were all, we believe, more or less in-
juti. The coachman, George tobson, who has
driven for a number of years on the Liverpool road,
fell upon his head, and received so violent a concus-
sion of the brain ;chat there is not the slightest chance
of his recovery; and, indeed, when we saw him last
night, it was considered almost impossible that he
could live until morning. One of the outside pas-
sengers, also, a fine young woman named Mitchell
(whose father; we understand, keeps a shop in the
Star-yard) rec,?ived a concussion of the brain, and
though her situation is not quite so desperate as
that of the coachman, there is, we fear, but a slender
chance of her recovery. Another of the outside
passenger s, a Mr. Anderton, of Stand, near thie
town, suffered a compound fracture of the leg ; but
vie believe is likely to do well. -A woman, whose
name we could not learn, hail the bone of the elbow
fractured; and two or three others received injuries
of a le4s serious description. There were also, we
believe, two or three inside passengers, who were
not materially hurt.
All the sufferers from this melancholy affair were
conveyed to the Woolpack Inn, where surgical aid
was promptly obtained for them; and every other
assistance afforded which their situation required.--
The coachman, Miss Mitchell, and Mr. Anderton,
still remain there; but three of the others, after hav-
ing their wounds dressed, were sent in coaches to
the infirmary.
It was stated to us last night that a person who
had assisted in conveying Miss Mitchell to the
Woolpack Inn, had taken two or three rings from
her fingers. We trust, however, that either the
statement will turn out wholly unfounded, or that
the rings were taken from her fingers in order that
they might be given up to her friends. A sum of
money which she had about her (upwards of 50/.)
was delivered to Mrs. Chatterton, and, we believe,
remains in her possession.
We believe no accident happened to any of the
passengers of the Doctor. The coach fortunately
was not overturned; but the pole was broken, and
the vehicle sustained so much damage altogether,
that it was found ecesiary to procure another coach
from this town to proceed on the journey to Liver-
pool.—Manchester Paper of Tuesday.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

LIVERPOOL.

TUESDAY, OCT. 28.—Wind E.N. E. —Lligh water 40
minutes past two.—Arrived the Josephine, Britton, from
New York ; Sublime, Stevenson, from Charleston ; Ebe-
nezer, Abbinett, from Jersey; Lord Nelson, Harris, from
Dumfries.

CLICA RICO Orrwanns—The Packet, Atfeur, for San
Lucar ; Tinley, Hall, for Savannah; Pam be Civil,
Murphy, for Guatemala; Allerton, Gill, for Jamaica;
Teviotdale, Dodds, for Charleston ; Warrior, Mann, for
Mobile.

Letters have been received from Oporto direct, 1'
dated on the 16th instant, and if these are to be credited,
there remains still some prospect of a movement in the
north of Portugal in favoi!,. of the Constitution. They
state that a body of soldiers, amounting to near 2,000
men, had appeared on the road leading from Braganza to
Oporto, declaring for Don PEDRO. It is added that the
22d regiment was despatched by the Governor of Oporto
to attack them, but that they bad been beaten, and were
retreating to the city. No further details have been re-
ceived, and the matter therefore must remain in doubt till
the next arrivals. The silence of the Oporto letters re-
ceived yesterday through Lisbon, which are dated the 15th,
is not conclusive against the truth of this intelligence, as
none of the writers would dare to say a syllable on the
subject.

It is said that the officer who is second in co►n-
mand in the Turkish artillery' is a Frenchman, named
DA LIIOUSIE, formerly a scrjeant in the French service,
and the same who, in 1815, assumed the ceinmand of
Strasburg at the time of the insurrection of the garrison of
that city.

CAUTION TO NEWSVENDERS. —Newsven-
dere are not perhaps aware that there is an act positivdy
interdicting the sale of papers for any sum beyond the
price fixed, under a heavy penalty. The stamp duty is
imposed according to the price of the paper ; and if a seven-
penny paper is sold for Bd. or more, the additional duty is
evaded to the prejudice of the revenue. Several prosecu-
tions ale now under consideration of the solicitor of stamps,
especially against y agents, who have been too apt to
overcharge.-211 ,e/....:er Mercury, Oct. 28.

NOLLEKENS, though his cunning was truly
amusing, particularly whenever he could gain the whip-
hand of his wife, yet at times, like Sir Giles Overreach,
he overreached himself; and this he did most completely
when he returned from Rome, as will appear from the
following anecdote, which was communicated by one of
his relatives :—When he was preparing to leave Italy for
England, he wished to bring, among a quantity of other
things, a large picture ; but after reflecting upon the im-
mense duty that might be put upon it, on account of its
enormous size, he very ingeniously hit upon the sensible
expedient of cutting it into several pieces, cunningly con-
cluding that the inspector at the Custom house would pass
them aver as useless mutilations ; but to ! when these cut-
tings were inspected, the officer, in placing them together,
detected the 11..!nded deception, and by making it known
to the Couuniseionen., NOLLEKINS was made to pay for
every portion as a distinct picture.—Nollacns and his
Times.

On Friday evening last, between seven and
eight o'clock, as the Highlander steam-vessel was passing
Loch Craignish, on her voyage from Oban to Glasgow,
she was run foul of by a sloop or smack, in consequence of
which, we are sorry to state, the Captain of the High-
lander was drowned. The two vessels were going in op-
posite
light out, and b; et
il
.1 e g people on board the h
eale
rt,tiiey Highlander
observed bad
itloiesitselodoiprecbteiaornisng down on the steamer. The alarm
bell was rung, and the sloop called to to bear away ; but
the hands in the sloop, either not hearing- the alarm or
not attending to it till very near the steam-boat, on a
sudden the helmsman of the sloop attempted to keep her
away, but in the hurry he gave his vessel a wrong direc-
tion, which brought her into instant collision with the
Hight rider. The crash was tremendous, and in conse-
quence of it the cutwater and the stern of the Highlander
were carried away. The greatest alarm prevailed among
the passengers, about one hundred in number, the whole of
whom came upon deck, some of them having forced their
‘vay from the steerage through the sky-light. Capt. Joirx.
SON of the Highlander was attending his duty on the quarter
deck, and having run from thence to the paddle-box,
giving directions with the view of presenting the acci-
dent, he was standing on the paddle-box when the collision
t‘x k place, and the shock precipitated him into the sea.—
Everyse Every exertion was made to Rave him, by throwing out
ropes, and lowering the small boat ; but as the sails of the
sloop were kept up while she was in contact with the
Highlander, both vessels were carried away from the spot,
and all their exertions were therefore unavailing.— Glas-
yow Herald.

The reduction of the fortress was the result of a
general assault on the 25th of September -(or the
7th of October), in which a few of our gallant
soldiers penetrated to the very middle of the town,
on the night of that day.
Such was the alarm produced in the enemy by this
bold and successful exploit, that a conference was on
the moment proposed,and Jtrssuf Pacha himself was
the first who commanded his followers to lay down
their arms unconditionally, and ;without stipulation
of any kind, and to pass over to $r camp.
In the course of the night, and on the next morn-
ing, his example was followedb4he whole garrison,
save only the Capital Pacha and a few followers,
composed of his immediate suite, who threw them-
selves into the citadel. They were afterwards made
prisoners there by the Russian soldiers, who had
entered by the breaches made in the external de-
fences of the town.

The first corps which entered were the 13th and
14th of the Foot Guards, after them a battalion of
Sfappers, and then the Ismail Regiment of the Im-
pei,ial Guard.
The Emperor has inspected personally all the
krnrks, and has been thoroughly convinced of the
difficulties with which the be,,iegrng army had to
contend.

After his Majesty had visited the mines (on the
eve of the assault), he proceeded to reconnoitre the
defence of the town, bestowing particular attention
on such parts as were to be ate' objects of attack.
From the accounts of the prisoners (which, how-
ever, are somewhat various), it is conjectured that
the garrison of Varna, with the armed inhabitants,
amounted in the beginning to at least 22,000 men ;
at the time of the surrender they numbered about
0,000.
We cannot, however, at present pretend to give
a correct list of the prisoners, nor any statement of
the stores, ammunition, and so forth, that have fallen
into our hands.