The Sun.
London, England, 1826-06-16 00:00:00

SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

MAGNETISM.
This curious and important branch of science has
of late years attracted an .unusual degree of attention :
and having been long left to the obscurity of vague
theories, has of late begun to assume the form of a
regular science, built on an experimental basis.
But within the last year discoveries have been made
in it of a most singular and unexpected kind, of the
chief of which we, will here give a short notice, Mag.-
netie effects have, in fact, been developed by means
hich no one could a priori have conjectured to have
any connexion with it..

Mr. Christie, F. R. S. (one of the Mathematical
Professors at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich),
was the first who discovered phenomena of this class.
A paper by him has a place in the Philosophical
Trans. 1825, though it appears that most of ins ex-
periments were made nearly three years previously.--
The main fact which he established is, that if a plate
of iron be made. to revolve about an axis passing
through its centre, then, when it is brought to rest, a
magnetic needle in its vicinity will be found to deviate
diprently, according as the plate has been made to
revolve in one direction or the.contrary, the, late
be-
ing now exactly in the same position as at first, the
, effect is nearly independent of the velocity of rotation ;
a single revolution suffices to produce it ; and it is
permanent so long as the plate remains stationary after
having revolved. Mr. C. has investigated at great
length the laws of the phenomenarand explained
them upon a simple theory.
Mr. Barlow, KR. S. (another of the Woolwich
Professors, who has become so justly celebrated for
his invention for correcting the local attraction of the
compass on ship-board), has followed up another
branch of the same subject by investigating the effects,
when the iron was made to revolve with great rapidity.
This was effected by appropriate mechanism, and it
was found that the deviation of the needle uniformly
increased with the increase of velocity ; but the mo-
ment the motion ceased the needle returned to its
original direction: It appears, then, that the case of
rapid rotation is essentially different in its effects from
that of slow motion in the iron. In the latter the
effect is permanent and .independent of the number of
revolutions, while in the former it is temporary and
altogether' dependent on the rapidity of rotation ; to
other words, when the motion is extremely rapid the
permanent effect on its cessation is destroyed, and
another sort of action becomes developed during its
continuance.

Mr. B's experiments were completed in January,
1825, though not read before the Royal Society till
June, In the mean time M. Arago, of Paris, dis-
covered the curious fact, that if a copper plate be put
in rapid rotation under a horizontal needle freely sus-
pended, the rotation of the copper will first tidied
the needle out of its true direction, and, if . rendered
sufficiently rapid, the deflection will increase till it is
converted into a rotation, which at length beComes of
immense rapidity.
The subject' had attracted the attention of that dis-
tingnished mathematician Mr. Babbage, F.R.S. from
the moment he heard of Mr. Barlow's experiments.
lie considered them to be what might be expected
from a simple supposition as to the Jim which iron
reqUired to receive or give out magnetism. This led
him, in conjunction with Mr. Herschel, afterwards to
undertake an extensive series of experiments on the
subject, extending the examination to copper. and
other metals.

In these experiments the mode of proceeding was
reversed ; a magnet being aet in rotation,. and over it
thin plates of various metals suspended in succession ;
all these soon -had a rotatory motion 'eominunicated to
them from the Magnet; 'arid the degree in which the
circa was' produced was compared in each by a dif-
ferent process ; besides which, a variety of trial were
made as to the circumstances which asist or tetard
the action and the simple supposition that lime is
required both to give out and to acquire magnetism is
considered by the .authors' to account entirely for the
phenomena. Their piper appears in the Phil. Trans.
1825. •

Subsequently, to this,. Mr. Babbage has been em.
ployed on the similar effects which appear to belong
to electricity, but his results .have not yet been made
public.

SPOT{ TING INTELLIG ENCE.

TATTERSALL'S, Juxt 15.

Very few were in attendance to-day, owing, we auppoie, to
the elections. The betting WIIN very dull, but a few engagements
were entered into on the. St. Leger; for Which Stakes the follow-
ing are the odds
4to I agst Belzoni 22 to I egst Fanny
13 to 2 agst fledlamite al to I apt Mac Msm
12 to 1 apt The Dragon Mto I apt Tarrare
11 to I apt crusader 80 to I apt The Constable
20 to I 464 Euxton (taltenl WOO to Ift agst Garcia (takenl
20 to I agst Pirate • - 1000 to .15 apt Smuggler (taken)
22 to I apt The General
JULY STAN
4to on

N WM ARK icr.
the Field.

20 to apt

boatrntr.

NEWTON RACES.--WlnNtsnAy„luNs 14.

A Sweepstakes of 20 stmt. etteh, for three-yr-ofd lilies. Otto

mile and a distance.
Sir W. Wynn'. vb. Lattitat -
Mr. Walker's h. Fair Star
Mr. Clifton's br. Gristle

than paid.

The Gold Cup, value 100 *ova, giVen by the Committaa, Added
to a Sweepstakes of It) attys. each., for all age*. Three miles.
Mrs. Mytton's h. b. Longwaist -
Legh's hr. 1. Signior* - -
Sir Thomas Stanley's eh, h. General Mine :Z
Mr. Mytton's ch. g. Euphrates t
Mr.- Willis's eh. c. Mr. Munn - -
Ten paid.
A Maiden Plate, value 70/. Two mile huts.
Mr. Burgess's h. g. Footmen 0 0 1
Mr. Walker's b. 1. Fair Star 1 2 Z
Sir W. Wynn's h. g. Sundown 0 I %), 3
Lord Grosvenor'a b. c. Xing Henry 2 0 dr
Nr. Jackson's eh. f. by Castrel 0 0 rlr
Mr. Taylor's hr. c. by Comm. 0 dr
Four others drawn.
Match for 100 sour., Mr. W. Legha gr. 1. Kitty apt' Mr. J.
I.egh's ht. g. Belmont. One mile and a diutalle.s.7-01r.

SMITHFIELD MARKET.—(Tute DAY.)
This day's supply of Beata was rather limited, that of each
kind of small stock tolerably good ; the trade, in the whole, ws"
moderately brisk, at no material variation from WO4O (1064-
tions—Coarse and inferior Sheep and Beasts producing from
Ss. 2tl. to Bs. 6d. ; second quality ditto, 3s. Ha, to 4s. od. ;
prime coarse-woolled Sloop, 44. to t. tO 4s. ; Primo largo
oxen, and pritnett Sonth Down W. there, 4.1. to 4s, 6rl. ;
prime Scot', Norfolk hornebrede, it. Mil. to sa. 2d. ;
large Lambs, 4i. 6d. to no. Od. ; prjout small La4ll6* 55- Bd.
69. Oct. ; large coarse
Calves, 461 Lid..„ to 68* 4.1. ; of
from 12 to 16 stone each, if whiM itt the flesh, and otherwise
81. s. Ltd. per stone of Sibs. to sink
complete, ss. to bs. 4d.`;
large Op. Ss. 8,1. to 4s. Od. ; and
i;.,04-*lril2ll., to 425. ; and quarter-
nillioeiciatt°v store rtee4l3;PrSns:tiereik. loke!irait
rt to 01:
iitt In Milch Cows, which were
any thing was doing. Supply, as
per Clerk'.. statement
Bonita. tifittetiAnd !Alubs- I Calves.l Pigs.
413 11,400 440
oo
NEWoATE AND LEADENIIALL MARKETS-. -----
(At per stone, by the Carcaso.)
Beef, from Ss. tid. to 41. 4d. ; Alutton,20. 10d. to 46, 2d.
Lamb, 4s. pd. to 56. bd. ; Veal and Pork, 3s. Bd. to ba. tad.

THE LONDON JOURNALS.

bAILY EXTRACTS FROM THE MORNING PAPERS,
• JUNE 16, 1826.

[rue TIMES.)

. .
The elections ro on with mermen spirit---that is,
with a considerable increase of party animosity ; but for the kind
of spirit whiCh is manifested, we think it in many inatancers most
disgraceful. When plane are proposed fur a reform of Parliam6lt
itself, it has often struck us that the moat effectual reform would
be a purification of the electors, than many of whom a class of
persona more unqualified by depravity or fully to choose legislators
for the country et large are not to be found in tbeworld. Within
a fortnight we have teen letters published, in which overtures
from electors were indignantly alluded to, eoupled with intitna.
nous to the gentleman whom they honoured by their choice, that
he in return was expected to honour them with hl. per man as a
bonus on their diet riminatiog patriotism, What can he expected
from such a constituent boly? What ingenuity or integrity of
le; isletion can provide against the *bete, by such base reptiles, of
franchises which are to them not a trust, but an article of traf-
fie ? Let the law be what it will, knavery
,roust still find
means of defeating its.precentions, unlace the power of voting
shall become so extensive, that gregarioua folly, instead of indivi-
dual profligacy, veill succeed as the nmst effective instrument; and
this, albeit a serious evil, seems likely to he the pant resource of the
ronstittniun, since folly may perchence be instructed, or prejudice
're removed, but hardened ivickednees can seldom or never be re-
/misted. A menet the cases which reflect most severely upon'elece
tie.? bodies hi En : at this mument, we cannot avoid touring
for audacious melvireition, the outs of 1,000/. from the funds of
a corporate town, towards facilitating the return of a certain
member to Parliament. The testier of whom this story has been
circulated, are the Corporation of
,Nottheropton, and Sir Bo-
liert Gentling. 4is voAtively said, that the honest Corpora-
tion have voted the sum in quotion to promote• the lute-
rots of the worthy Baronet on this occasion; and if the
tale be true, we would ask the chartered trustees of a pub-
lic estate, fur what end the ohne was uriginelly granted ?
Was it to pay .the expenses of election contests? If net,
the Mayor and Aldermen have bettayed their trust. If
not, they may be dregged,—and we devoutly hope they
will, in the most ignominiout manner, be dragged—
before a court of law, or Parliament, to account for their
misdeeds. But there rue other constituent bodies which ought to
blush for their want of sense or feeling. Is it possible, for in-
stance, that such men as those who exercise the right of voting
for the University of Cambridge, can have any scrions fear for
Church and State, by choosing a representative like Lord Pal-
mendenweina who has served them lung—who has served them
vvell.....wha, is not charged with any violence, or inconsistency, or
duplieity? keens known twelve years lien how, this Noble Lord
would vote upon Catholic emancipation, vet hes be been chosen
imply ever since. What new offence, then, has the Secretary at
IPar committed, that hundreds of voters should fly off to =Metre,
whit are neither of them eoniparable to Lord Palmerston, for talent
or for political efficiency, or for tried eervicte. lu the city of Lone
don, toe.---bow 7. Livery behaving to tuf old amid faithful retiree
tentative? If ever u. aSember of Parliament weld be considered as
the true and undeviating otgen of those who placed him in that
oafishly, Alderman Wood is the rum Nu reptesentative of
the people of England ever acted a more manly, consistent,
or uncompromising part, then this worthy nominee of the Livery
of London. N 6 rend, vigilance, or activity, or spirit, in his
attendance at the Home of Commons, or in his conduct as a
member of -ite ever exceeded those of the worthy and independent
',llllcrinn% lie neither m o made a sinecure of hie at through in-
-6010,:ce, nor an engine of selfishness or coeruptiom He never
iltiasted to his constituents of a principle which be (lid not main-
tain by his vote. He never courted Liveryman before an elec.
non, to insult or neglect him afterwards. He has broken no
'faith with men or parties, and le deeerves that the faith which is
always implied in sending A representative to Parliament should
be kept inviolate by a continuance of public support, when it is
not even inainuated that he has failed in the duties to which he
pledged himself. We differ in some matters of opinion from
AldnU4l4 Wood, but we have an Englishman's love of justice.

Slipperinebs in the long run Lad= thrivea. Old Cob-
bett after torturing his ingenu ty, and spending hie lirenth, and plun-
4sting the gulls who had listened to him out of their siapeuny sub.
INT/Ptions, and hutnbugginge similar gentleman or two nut et
their atlmiratims, find* that humbug win do its work no longer.
A day or two's poll at: Preston has convinced Old Punch; that
although people may be teased out of their attention for a little,
it is not so easy, when they have time to look about them, to
cheat a body of English electors out of their votei, in favour of
a paltry vagabond, who would sell his own soul for eighteen-
pence, end chtiohle, moreover, at the thriftiness of the bar-
gain. The exposure and abindonment of this fellow at Pres-
ton have been hastened much by a handbill or paper, entit-
led the ".Politieal Mottattebank," ,and circulated widely among
the inhabitants both before the election, and during its
doily progress. As a fresh "Mountebank" hes come forth
emery morning, the curiosity of the public has never want-
ed gratification, nor hes the interest of the subject ever
been . permitted to slacken. The heathy of the thing is,
that it melees Cobbett his own tepounder—his own murderer,
we might say,-.-fin never was tho throat of any criminal under
seutence so completely severed by leis min hands, as in this case are
Cobbtat's pretensious, not merely as a candidate, but as a member
of civilized society, extinguished by hie own words and writings.
No. 1, shows up the swindling and bullying practised upoa his
creditors in 1617 and 1818; No. V, his coarse and malignant
ghee of Popery, which he has since been courting; No. 3, hit
bold beggary for subscriptions to bring him, on a former occa-
lion, into Parliament; No. 4, his recommendation to perpetrate
wholesale finerie on the frink of England ; No. l end 6, his
treasonable language—his atrocious lies—and alternate " blarney
and bleckguardiem" to individuals whenever it suited the purpose
of the moment. lf Cobbett liad stood such a series of attaeki as
these, be must have been an invulnerable monster, or the people
er Preatou tit inmates for a madhouse: but it/Wenn to be all over
with him.