The Sun.
London, England, 1845-01-01 00:00:00

AMERICAN AFF AIRS.

Nrw YORK, Dec. 14.—8 y the steamer which
brings you this letter you will receive, if you have
not previously received it, the President's Message at
the opening of Congress. Accompanying this mes-
sage, are numerous documents of great importance
in relation to Mexico, Texas, &c. As these papers
will all be in your possession, I have deemed com-
ments on them unnecessary.
A new source of discontent and collision has oc-
curred between the States of Massachusetts and South
Carolina. Some years ago the State of South Caro-
. lina passed a law prohibiting ftee negroes fronl
coming into the state, and subjecting them t‘2-
And penalties.for a violation of this lays, (..;-11 different
occasions free blacks, einßlov•..."'-. as seamen, were
brought into the state-. .I.tiev were immediately im-
prison .
im-
prisoned, in prison Until the sailing of the
Yerelto they belonged. Some of these men,
.tls.,".ileed, were citizens of Massachusetts. Recently
the Legislature of that State authorised the appoint-
ment of a Commissioner to proceed to South Caro-
lina, and ascertain the precise state of the facts. A
Mr. Hoar was selected to perform this duty. On
. his arrival he notified to the Governor of South
Carolina the character of his missicn, and that
the object was to try the constitutionality of
• the State law in the
.Supreme Court of the United
States. The Legislature of South Carolina being in
session, the Governor transmitted to that body the
communication of Mr. Hoar. Upon its receipt a
Bill was introduced, and passed in a few hours
through all the forms of a law, authorising the in-
stantaneous expulsion of Mr. Hoar from the State;
and he was, without delay, expelled as an incendiary.
Rumour adds, that the presence of a young lady, his
• daughter, who was travelling with him, was his only
protection from personal violence. The next step, on
the part of Massachusetts, will be, it is said, an ap-
peal to the Courts of the United States. " The
glorious uncertainty of the law" will, most probably,
ihang up this case. But suppose the decision to be
'against South Carolina, what then ? Why, nothing.
In the proceedings of Congress . you will notice a
most extraordinary and unexpected change of opinion
since last session in regard to abolition petitions.
The rule which prohibited their reception by the
house has, on the motion of Mr. Adams, without
'debate, been repealed by a majority of twenty-eight
Totes. Petitions have accordingly been received,
'praying the abolition of the slave-trade in the district
of Columbia, and referred to the Committee on the
district.

I o'er no opinion as to the cause which has tended
to produce this change. Indeed, I have not heard
any assigned that was even plausible, except that the
rule was a bad rule, and kept the House in a conti-
nued state of excitement, while its effect was to
strengthen, rather than to weaken, the abolition
party. Indeed, I have been unable to account for the
pertinacity with which the south adhered to this rule,
seeing that it gave great dissatisfaction to many of
their best friends in the north, who were warmly op •
posed to the doctrine of abolition, but firm supporters
of tine right of petition.
Mr. M`Duffie' agreeably to the recommendation of
the President, has introduced into the Senate a series
of resolutions* to be passed by both Houses of Con-
gress, annexing Texas to the United States. Mr.
al`Buffie made lie. remarks ; but on motion they were
referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. For
this prccedure there is no precedent under the Federal
Constitution ; but the doctrine of its authors is, that
for its adoption it requires only a majority of each
branch of the national Legislature.
On the next day, the 11th inst., Mr. Benton intro-
duced a Bill, which was substantially the same as the
gone he offered last session, annexing Texas to the
United States, with the assent of Mexico, which Bill,
without debate, was also referred to the Committee on
Foreign Relations.
Mr. Ingersoll's resolution in the House, for an-
nexation, similar to Mr. M`Duffie's in the Senate,
vas made the order of the day for Monday, the
23d inst.
Mr. Allen, of Ohio, offered in the Senate the fol-
lowing resolution :
"Resolved,—That the President be requested to
lay before the Senate, if in his judgment it may be
done without prejudice to the public interests, a copy
of any instructions, which may have been given to
the American Minister in England, on the subject of
the title and occupation of the territory of Oregon,
since the 4th of March, 1841 ; also a copy of any
correspondence which may have passed between this
Government and that of Great Britain, or between
either of the two Governments and the Minister of
the other, in relation to that
subject since that time."
This resolution was adopted, after some opposition
from Mr.
Archer, Chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Relations, by a vote of—ayes 24 nays 16.
Mr. Allen is a strong advocate for immediate action
on this subject. After giving to the Government of
Great Britain the required notice (twelve months),
Le is for taking forcible possession, if force should be
found necessary.
It is confidently asserted that Mr. Adams has ex-
pressed an opinion that the annexation of Texas with-
out a war with Mexico will take place ;' that Great
13ritain will do nothing more than protest ; but that
age will probably, by .an arrangement with Spain,
fluke possession possession of Cuba.
NOW, without possessing. any knowledge on the
'subject (notwithstanding the boldness with which the
statement is made), I have no hesitation in expressing
IthY Unbelief of the rumour. But if it be true that Mr.
Adams has given such an opinion as that above
stated, I take leave to differ with him. Great efforts
will be made to secure the annexation, but I yet think
it cannot be accomplished while the present Senate is
la power.
No movement has yet been made in Congress on
the subject of the tariff. The south—but more espe•
9411 y South Carolina—is grumbling, and threaten -
tng the most direful consequences to the nation if
the tariff of 1842 is not uprooted. But, on the other
?nand, the President, and his Secretary of State (Mr.
Calhoun), are far more interested in the question of
ssunexation. Besides, a portion of the west have
Illounted, thus early to the session, their hobby, and
seem determined to ride it pell-mell. I refer to a bill
for reducing and graduating the price of the public
Lands. In this scramble lam beginning to think that
ule tariff will escape with little effective notice.
4, By the late accounts from the Holy City, Nauvoo,
(-no Mormons appear to have settled down into a state
14 tranquillity. They boast that their great and
magnificent temple will be completed in a few
Months. A GENEVESE TRAVELLER.

ItYRTHER EXTRACTS FROM THE
AMERICAN PAPERS.

PRILADELPHIA, DEC. 13, FIVE P.M.—PENNSIL-•
LoAN.—I have just received the subjoined im-
Portant , information from an authentic source, re-
"ecting the interest on the State Loan. The balance
44 so much larger than was anticipated until very re-
cently, that there now exists not a single doubt
but the interest will be paid punctually when
It falls due in February, without the aid of a loan for
thAtpurpose. Indeed, it is now highly probable that
Ihe interest will also be paid in August, and regularly
thereafter. The amount of outstanding taxes for 1843
and 1844 is very large—the domestic debt has nearly
sed[saPpeared, and we will, in 1845, be in the receipt of
'ne mill-tax.—Courier and Enquirer.
"Onto.—The message of the out-going, and the
'lnaugural of the in-c. 'ming, Governor Bartley, of Ohio,
rPt licit us in the Cincinnati papers. The forme*
'states the amount of money in the Treasury at
.23,822 dollars; the total amount of the Canal Fund
44 1,233,339 dollars, of which 25,000 dollars is applied
t 0 the Sinking Fund, 1,167,444 dollars to pay the
Interest on the State debt, and the balance to keep
.1114, public works in repair. The taxable property in
State is 136,142,666 dolls., and the aggregate
mount of taxation is 15 mills on the dollar. The
Public improvements are nearly completed. The pre-
sent condition of the resources of Ohio is represented
19 highly flattering. The aggregate foreign debt is
,276,751 dolls.
IsIbIANA. VIRTUALLY REPUDIATES. ••••• Governor
-11,,,
hitcomb's message to the Legislature gives no hopes
to the holders of the bonds of the State that she
oan-or will make any attempt to pay the interest
ou or
public debt at present. He nominally
co repudiation, but states explicitly that the
il°Ple are unable to meet the payment of the interest.
• tls language is, that "the interest on our public
ht cannot be paid." A resolution was offered in
and Interest,
by Mr. Defrees to fund the public debt
e interest, with a year's interest in advance, and
an i
to take
three per cent. bonds, with 25 years to run
up the present bonds, pledging all possible
resources of the State to meet the interest, and
h c residue to be raised by taxation. This manly
Pr:sliesition was laid on the table, 30 to 19 ! The
'Tie debt of the State is short of 15,000,000 dollars,
iti the vs ealth of the State, which has now a popula-
Aatl."" of near a million, is estimated at 150,000,000
,-Cio la
ra, and vet she pretends before the world that she
I:tnnot.pay an annual interest of 600,000 dollars. It
'di a monstrous iniquity—a subterfuge which would
_!grace a tribe of savages. In fact, Indiana herself
%enuid inflict summary punishment upon any one of
eh; old tribes which should in like manner seek to
wade its ust responsibilities to her.—Newark Daily
Advertiser. The Hon. William Prescott, of Boston,
who has
I filled conspicuous situations at the bar and on the
bench, died recently at his residence in that city, at
an advanced age. The immediate cause of his death
vc7ts a fit of apoplexy. He has. left a family, among
which is W. H. Prescott, LL.D., an eminent historian.
Ameng the changes produced by the organisation
of a party under the name of Native American, we
n
otice that the city of Boston, which gave a majority
ever all the others of 3,500 votes for Clay at the Pre-
sidential electior, has failed to choose a mayor by the
PQple at the first trial.
The ,notorious Engliab thief, William Floppy, has