The Sun.
London, England, 1845-06-07 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON SAUTURDA:i INING, .TUNE 7, MC

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LITEitATURE.

MEMOIRS OF PRINCE CHARLES STUART.
By C. L. Kluse. 2 vols.

Whatever may be the characters or opinions of
men, whether in the fresh dawn of youth, or the calm
serenity of age ; whether glowing with enthusiasm,
or chilled by selfish calculation, there are some feel-
ingg wrnch find an echo in the hearts of all—which,
exciting common sympathies, proclaim our common
nature. Of these sentiments one of the most uni-
venal is the admiration of heroic deeds—the love of
the marvellous and romantic ; fairy tales are ever the
favourites of childhood, and are able to charm even in
later years, while the cold and the careless cannot
withdraw their attention from the "deeds of high and
chivalrous emprise," or the heart-stiring narrative of
suffering devotion. If anything can increase the
interest of romance it is truth; tales of fiction may
please the fancy, but truth has a power all its own.
We read the wondrous history with new pleasure,
when we know that all the.fearful dangers and mighty
deeds have actually been " dared and done'' by
men with thoughts and feelings like our own. It is
on this account that ancient history is universally
admired; the fabulous chronicles of Greece and
Rome, the legends and traditions of a bygone age,
are all adorned with imagined wonders, yet we are
fain to believe them true. Modern events are too
recent to admit of embellishment,

" 'Tis distance lends enchantment to the view,"

and the enthusiast turns to the ancient records while
we fancy the age of chivalry is past. But the atten-
tive observer of his country's annals will find even in
later times some " glimpses of ancient glory," and no
page shines brighter with romance than that which
chronicles the fortunes of the young Charles Edward.
Now that a hundred years have passed away, and we
can look back without political prejudice, do we not
sympathise with that hapless prince, the last hope of
a royal line, adorned with all the virtues of his ancestors,
but suffering for all their faults ? Though we may
rejoice in the failure of the rebellion, though we
grieve not to think the royal Stuarts are no more,
though we glory in our free constitution, in the tri-
umph of the " cause for which Hampden died on the
field and Sydney on the scaffold," yet who is there
can think on the '45 unmoved, or regard the Chevalier
and his Highlanders without admiration and enthu-
siasm ? Careless of political distinction, we look on
the young Stuart as a high-spirited and unfortu-
nate man ; in such a character can we re-
fuse our sympathy ? In the memoirs before
us we have a faithful history of his life ;
we see him in his ardent and adventurous b.)y.
hood, and his gloomy and heart-broken age; but,
above all, we see him in that eventful year when he
achieved such glory and suffered such distress. The
Scottish expedition was, perhaps, never surpassed in
the boldness of the design, the splendour of its
first success, or its sudden and melancholy downfal.
A young prince, trusting only in the justice of his
cause, and accompanied but by seven adherents,
lands in an enemy's dominions, for the purpose of
recovering three kingdoms! instead of being re-
pulsed and avoided, he is hailed as the "true Prince,"
and received with open arms. He unfurls his father's
standard, amidst the shouts of thousands, ai.d
marches from victory to victory. It must have
been a gallant sight to have seen the young Chevalier
treading for the first time on his native mountains,
to have witnessed the loyalty and devotion of the
faithful clansmen, or have seen
" The bonneted chieftains to victory crowd,
Clanranald the dauntless, and Mornay the proud,
All plaided and plumed in their Tartan array."
These memoirs will do more than interest the ro-
mantic—they will afford much valuable information;
they contain many letters and historical documents,
calculated to exhibit the real character of Charles ;
and, above all, they are written in a straightforward
and impartial style, alike free from panegyric and de-
traction. The author had apparently resolved to
"Nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice."
He extols the intrepid conduct of his hero, but he
attempts nal() palliate the faults of the Stuarts. The
romantic narrative is not mingled with political con-
troversy ; we are not led to admire hereditary tyranny,
but we follow the young Chevalier in his chequered
course, we see him exulting in the hour of victory,
we mourn over his dire misfortune at Culloden, and
we sympathise with his after sorrows. The account
of the wanderings in the Hebrides is full of thrilling
interest—we there see him, indeed,
" The heir of palaces without a home ;"
chased from place to place by his eager pursuers,
each anxious to gain the reward set on his head; but
not the offer of 30,0001. could tempt the highlanders
to betray their Prince. 'Whatever were his sufferings,
his friends were still as faithful as when he had seen
them in the hour of battle—
" True to the last of their blood and their breath,
Like reapers descend to the harvest of death."
Perhaps some may be disappointed Lt not finding so
great a variety of incidents and anecdotes as they
expected in such a work ; they must remember
that this is not a tale of fiction, but a true history.
As such it cant.ot fail to interest and instruct. The
following are some extracts :
THE EXPEDITION.
"We have called the enterprise a stupendous ' one,
and the epithet is well deserved. Courage of a lofty
order was required in the conception as in the execution;
but such courage is very different from that uncalcu-
!sting temerity, which often hazards the loss of the
highest for the chance of obtaining what is compara-
tively worthless. The design was by no means one the
success of which was impossible ; on the contrary, a
number of circumstances concurre at the moment to
hold out stronger hopes of a favourable issue than had
ever before presented themselves. It is true that fifty-
six 3 ears had elapsed since the expulsion of James 11.
from the throne ; Great Britain had for more than a
generation become familiarised with the government of
her Hanoverian sovereigns ; and the melancholy im-
pressions left en the public mind by the occurrences of
the two last reigns of the Stuarts, had not had time to be-
come obliterated. On the other hand, the known adhe-
rents of the exiled dynasty were numerous in England,
more numerous in Scotland, and formidable, net merely
on account of their numbers, but also on account of their
position in society. Should he succeed in forcing his way
mightva hopevarious
u
conciliateresources
sth att are alwaysheenemies of
htoisthfeamth.roovneb, he
ythe io
within the reach of a sagacious Prince ; and his conduct
during the trying period on which we are about to enter,
justifies the belief that Charles on the throne would
not have played a less distinguished part than his an-
cestor, Henry IV. of France."
" LOCIHEL'S WARNING."

sent to request the Pane., to oder a ft. en4al 'Owe() to
a close quarters ; but before an 1111:4411' 00111 d be received,
the Mac Intoshes, at a signal from Lady Mac Intosh,
rushed upon the English centre, and were followed by
the whole right wing of the Highland army. Through
' smoke, snow, and rain, the assailants pressed forward,
sword in hand, with their accustomed impetuosity, and,
though received with a warm fire of musketry and artil-
lery, they broke through the regiments of Monro and
Burrell, and took two pieces of artillery. But the se-
cond line of the English army remained unshaken, and
received the Highlanders with firmness. The Duke of
Cumberland anticipating the attack had carefully
strengthened his second line, which was drawn up three
deep. As the Highlanders advanced, the front rank of
Sempill's regiment knelt down, presenting- a complete
palisade of bayonets, while the second rank-bent forward,
and the third stood upright. These reserved their fire
till the Highlanders were close upon them, and then
poured in a murderous volley, which threw the assail-
ants into complete disorder. A few of the latter broke
into the English ranks, where they were overwhelmed
by numbers, but the greater part were driven back in
confusion. The chief of Mac Laughlan was killed ; the
brave Lochiel was wounded, but carried from the field
by his two henchmen. The call of the other chiefs re-
mained unheeded, and the whole right and centre of
the Jacobite army irretrievably routed, were pursued by
superior numbers, and drooping from the exhaustion
caused by previous fatigue, which, in the ardour of
battle, hail for a moment been forgotten. Yet let it
not be deemed,' exclaimed Lord Mahon, that even thus
their coinage failed. Not by their forefathers at Ban-
nockburn, not by themselves at Preston or at Falkirk,
not in after years vrht n discipline had raised and re-
fined their valour, not on the shores of the Nile,—not in
those hours of triumph and of glory, was displayed a
more firm and resolute bravery than now in the defeat
at Culloden. The right and centre had done all that
human strength or human spirit could do ; they had
yielded only to necessity and numbers, and, like the
captive monarch at Pavia, might boast, that everything
was lost but their honour.'"
THE CHEVALIER'S WANDERINGS.
"Four days and four nights were thus passed in a
wretched fishing shed, over which a piece of sailcloth
was stretched, to obtain some shelter from the rain and
cold ; and at night they Jay down on the bare ground
without any other covering than the clothes they had on.
At the end of the fourth day, the sea appearing to be
clear of English vessels, they re-embarked, and coasted
for some days along the Long Island, enduring the
greatest privations, and frequently in danger of being
captured by the British cruisers that were hovering
about. Sometimes, when, owing to a calm, they were
unable to land, they were even reduced to the necessity
of moistening their parched lips with salt water, mixed
with a few drops of brandy.
It was near the end of May that they landed on South
Uist, and by that time their condition was such, that it
appeared impossible to prolong their lives unless by sur-
rendering themselves to their pursuers. Enduring pri-
vations of every kind, fleeing from island to island and
from rock to rock, tormented by hunger and thirst, un-
protected from the cold, and constantly exposed to every
kind of weather, Charles had displayed throughout, not
only firmness, but cheerfulness. His companions ac-
knowledge with one voice, that not one of the party dis-
played more courage amid dangers and sufrerings of
every kind, or more readiness to snatch at every little
incident that might afford a momentary diversion to his
drooping crew. Mention has already been made of his
skill in dressing fish and baking cakes. When their
pipes were all broken, he taught them to supply the loss
by means of quills, which he stuck into one another, and
thus frequently manufactured for himself a hookah of a
very respectable length. When the rest of the party
were sinking under their sufferings, he frequently suc-
ceeded in reviving their courage, by holding out the
hopes of more fortunate times, or by singing to them
some of their own national airs. With all his efforts,
however, to bear up against his sufferings, it became
evident to his faithful followers that his health was be-
ginning to give way. He had hitherto escaped his pur-
suers only by constantly changing his place of refuge,
but how was he to continue to do so, if he fell seriously
ill ? "

ALLEGED ILL-TREAT kit t. NT OF A

LIVERPOOL CREW IN THE BONNY RIVER*

An extraordinary case of this description, which ex-
cited great interest, was brought before Mr. Rushton, at
the Police-court. James _henry Black, the mate, and
Thomas Lyon, the supercargo, of the ship Charlotte, ap-
peared to answer a charge of assault preferred against
them by Robert Brown, Isaac Ryan, John Neville, John
Bowker, and Charles Fisher, five of the hands belonging
to that vessel.

" The first and most urgent business of Charles at
Borodale, was to inform those Highland chiefs, whom
he knew or believed to be zealous in the cause of
Jacobitism, of his arrival in Scotland ; Cameron of
Lochiel, Alexander Macdonald, and Macleod, were sum-
moned to Borodale. Lochiel obeyed the summons with-
outiar delay, but with all his hereditary devotion to the
thousehe he
head-quarters
-qStuart,uarter his
osfoCnhly intention, when he set out forles, was to urge the latter to
return immediately to France. On his way to Borodale,
Lochiel called on his brother Cameron, of Tassefern,
who concurred in his opinion as to the' madness and
rashness of the whole undertaking,' but advised him
to communicate his sentiments only by letter. I know
you,' said Tassefern, Letter than you know yourself.
you do te
lfthis Iw3rhlialeevoenrhe pleases.cesetsh
his
s3es upon you, he will make
.Lochiel, however, pursued
his way, and, on his arrival at Borodale, resisted the
Prince's eloquence for a considerable time. At last,
Charles exclaimed lam resolved to put all to the
hazard. In a few days I will erect the royal standard,
and proclaim to the people of Britain that Charles
Stuart is come over to claim the crown of his ancestors,
or perish in the attempt. Lochiel, who, my father has
often told me, was our firmest friend, may stay at home
and learn from the newspapers the fate of his Prince.'
" The proud faithful Highlander was stung by these
words, and all his resolution to resist his Prince's en-
treaties vanished in a moment. Not so,' he replied ;
will share the fate of my Prince, whatever it be, and
given m
soshalleuvery man over whom nature or fortune has
any
power.' Such,' observes Mr. Home,
was the singular conversation, on the result of which
depended peace or war ; for it is a point agreed among
the Highlanders, that, if Lochiel had persisted in
his refusal to take arms, the other chiefs would not have
joined the sonde d wtihout him, and the insurrection
must immediately have been suppressed, had it even
broken out at all.'"
CULLODEN.

Mr. Owen conducted the case for the comilainants,
and Mr. Radcliff, the defence.
Robert Brown was the first witness called. He said,
on the 10th of September, the Charlotte was lying in
the Bonny River. The men were at hard work all day,
and at night were enjoying themselves in the forecastle
singing. The captain (Campbell), the mate (Black), and
the boatswain came and said they were kicking up a
row, and called them all aft. When the hands went up
it was said Johnson was drunk, and he was put in the
chains and fastened to the wheel. The next morning all
hands were called aft to witness the punishment of John-
son. After it was over the mate made a speech, and
said he would flog any man that dared even to frown,
and that his commanding voice should be heard in the
ship. I said, "You flogged a man for being groggy;
but when he was off his duty, and did his hard day's
work, if he chose to buy grog on his own account, it was
his own look out, and he would be ready for his work
the next morning." The mate asked what I had got to
say. I replied, that if he chose to flog me he might.
He said he would flog me on his own responsibility, and
ho then ordered me to be seized up. The boatswain
obeyed the order, and gave me four dozen lashes. Lyon
subsequently came on board and struck me a blow on
the face, and said, " You -- nigger, you have been
trying to make a disturbance in the ship; I shall have
you chained up and flogged." I entreated of him not to
punish me any more, as I was very ill, my legs and feet
being in a dreadful state from the small-pox. Lyon,
however, had me put in irons and chained to the mizen-
mast, where I was kept for fir or five hours.
Isaac Ryan deposed as follows:—On the 29th of Au-
gust I was painting the ship. When I got on deck, at
dinner-time, I saw Porter, one of the hands, chained to
the mizen-mast; and, being surprised at his remaining
there in so steady and submissive a manner, I asked,
" What's the matter, Bill?" He laughed, and said, "It
was all right." Immediately upon this being said, I was
turning round to go forward, and got a blow under the
ear from the chief mate (Black). I asked him what was
that for ? He said, " You villain, it would
serve you right if you were alongside of him." I
said, "If it is your wish to see me there, you
can put me there, but don't strike me ; keep your
hands off, for it you don't, I shall be obliged to
lift you into the lee scuppers." I then went for-
ward to go to dinner, and had not got to the
gangway, before I was struck by Black, and Lyon, and
some Kroo boys. I made no resistance. The Kroo boys
were called. I was put in irons, and chained to the
wheel, hands and feet. Lyon then came up, and called
me " a Newgate reared -- villain," and struck me se-
veral times whilst I was so chained. I was kept in
chains for seventeen hours and three-quarters. I was
then tied to the mizen-rigging, and received seventeen
lashes. Then I was cut down and ordered to duty,
which I obeyed. Lyon admitted before all the African
captains that I was a manly seaman, and able to show
his officers their duty.
John Neville was next called. He said :—On the sth
of November, after we had done our work, we had some
grog. I turned in. Fisher began either talking or sing-
ing. The mate and boatswain came to the forecastle
with a cutlass and pistols, and fetched Fisher up. They
then called out for Neville. I got out of bed and went
up in my shirt. They said I was drunk. I had only
had a glass or two of grog of my own. They then put
me in irons, by Lyon's orders. My hands and feet were
ironed, and I was chained to the mizen-mast in my
shirt. A chain was fastened round my body, and they
gagged me with an iron bolt. When I was fast the
mate struck me repeatedly in the face. I was unable
to eat hard food for three weeks. They kept me for ten
hours in that state although it was raining very hard at
intervals during the night. The next morning I got my
clothes and they kept me chained until the 7th, when
they gave me thirty lashes, by Lyon's orders, and
cut me down, and sent. me over the ship's side to scrub
the painting.
John Bowker was the next witness. He said, on the
2d of November I
,fell off the barricade by accident.
When the sailing master, Captain Campbell, came to
pick me up, he dragged me aft, said I was drunk, put
my hands and feet in irons, lashed me to the wheel, and
left me in that situation until Lyon came on board at ten
o'clock, r.si. Captain Campbell told him he had a man
in irons, to which Lyon replied that he was delighted to
hear it, and told Campbell to make him well fast. I re-
mained in irons all night, and was wet through with the
rain. On the 3d of November I was tied to the wizen
rigging, and received fourteen lashes from the Kroomen
I was then let down, and Lyon told the captain to take
me forward, and scrub my back with a piece of sand. I
begged of the captain to allow me to wash it with water,
to which the captain consented, and my back was not
scrubbed.

Khales Fisher deposed as follows :—On the sth or
November I had finished my work for the day, and had
got a little grog. I was in the forecastle talking, when
the mate and boatswain came down, and the mate
without saying a word struck me with a cutlass. They
then dragged me on deck, and put me in irons, and
kept me there till the ith. On that day Lyon orderd
me to be flogged, and I received nineteen lashes, and
was then sent to scrub the outside of the ship. The

lash was always soaked in pickle before use. -
All the witnesses were closely cross-examined by Mr.
Radcliffe, who, in some material points, made it appear
that Black and Lyon were more "sinned against than
sinning." The defence was that the crew had been
guilty of gross insubordination, that they were con-
stantly in a state of intoxication, that they had stolen
the rum belonging to the ship's cargo, and that they
only received such a degree of punishment as their mis-
conduct merited.
Mr. RuswroN, after hearing the whole of the case
and defence, which lasted altogether about three hours,
said there was manifestly a laxity of discipline on
board the ship, which to some extcnt was attributable
to the fact, that the sailing captain arid the super-
cargo assumed the mastery at intervals, and that
the men were acting under divided auth-drity. He
the❑ ordered Black and Lyon to pay a fine of 51. each
for the assault on Ryan, and Black to pay 50s. in addi-
tion for the assault on Neville. The other three cases
brought against them by Brown, Bowker, and Fisher,
he dismissed.—Liverpool paper.

" Two circumstances operated at the very outset to
the disadvantage of the Jacobites. The ground occu-
pied by them was somewhat lower than that on which
the enemy had formed, and a heavy fall of rain and
snow was driven by a strong north-west wind right into
the faces of the Highlanders. Nevertheless, the Prince
opened a canonadejwhich was immediately answered by
the Duke's artillery, but with a much more deadly effect,
opening wide gaps in the ranks of Charles's army. After
this had lasted for nearly an hour, Lord George Murray

BRISTOL SUG/It MARKET, JUNE 6.—The offices
have again been cleared this week of everything on show, and im-
porters have now very little to bring forward ; the sales of the
weok reach 750 hdds. West India, 3,560 mats Mauritics, at very
full prices. Three vessels from the West Indies are now discharging
and their argots are badly wanted.—Bratot Mercury.