The Sun.
London, England, 1828-09-05 00:00:00

rOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRENCH PAPERS.
(From the Gazelle de France, Sept._3.)
CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 6:—Husseim Pacha has
asked for reinforcements, which the Grand Vizier in
person is going to take to him. The Porte has
I published a Bull4tin, in which it affirms that the
garrison of Silistria made, on the 21st, a sally, in
which the Russian corps besieging the place was
beaten. The Turks are said to have lost but few
men, while the Russians had 2,000 killed. The
garrison has received new cloaks as a reward.
Eighty.four Russian prisoners, one of whom is a
Staff Officer, have been brought to Constantinople.
It was proposed to send them to the galleys, but
the Austrian interittintio inteifered in their favour,
so that they have been lodged in the barrack; where
they receive daily rations. The Reis Effendi was
indisposed for some days, and could not giveaudiences,
but he is now recovered, and is very busy.
Ghalib Governor of Erzeroum, and Halib
Effendi, art ordered to keep the ci-deviant Janissaries
itt the Pachalie of Erzeroum in check, because they
threatened the public tranquillity, and to oppose the
progress of the Russians.
Yesterday the Austrian Internuncio received an
express from Vienna, but nothing has transpired on
the subject.
The Porte is going to send fresh troops to Bosnia,
in order to make its authority respected. Private
persons in the capital, notwithstanding the strict vi-
gilance of the Porte, have received letters from
Adtianople, in which Shumla is represented as
strictly invested by the Russians, and Husseim
Pacha in a critical situation. The Russians are wait-
ing for reinforcements to attack the Turks with
vigour. It is also said at Adrianople, that Ilusseim
Pacha had asked for fresh instructions. The de-
parture of the grand Vizier for the army is connected
with this circumstance. The same letters say, that
on the 26th of July there was a battle near Shumla,
to the disadvantage of the Turks, in which the son
of Jussuf Paella is reported to have been killed.
It seems that Varna is in the best state of defence.
The Russian fleet had arrived there, but is said to
be kept in awe by the batteries on the coast, so that
it.will be difficult for it to undertake anything against
the Porte.
The son of the Marquis of Caratnen, the late
French Ambassador at Vienna, has arrived here.—
iluigsburgh Gazette.
VIENNA, AUGUST 23.--PRIVATE CORRESPON-
DENCE.)—It is reported that the officers of the circles
have received orders to have in readiness draught
horses necessary for the troops, which are now in
their cantonments near Baden. His Majesty the
Emperor is expected there on the 4th of September.
The Empress and the Arch-Duchess Sophia will not
arrive till the 13th, because the latter Princess is
going to spend some days at Tegernsee, on the oc-
casion of her sister's marriage.
According to the accounts from Bazardjik, dated
the 2d of August, it was on that day that the Fo-
reign Ambassadors received invitation to follow
Count Nesselrode. They embarked at Koslindski.
The letters from Bucharest, received at Vienna in
the course of the day, contain nothing of importance.
(From the Itlessayer des Chambres of Tuesday.)
PARIS, SEPT. I.—Letters from Odessa, of the
16th of August, announce that the vanguard of Ge-
neral Rudiger was five wersts beyond Eski Stamboul.

(From the Conaitutionnet)

PARIS, SEPT. 2.—ELEMENTARY INSTRUCTION.--
The general competition of the Colleges of Paris,
that contest which is so useful in exciting the ar-
dour of youth, terminated this year with more so-
lemnity than ever. The Minister of Public In-
struction presided at this family festival, and his
words were consoling, and a guarantee for a wise
and philosophical administration. If the effects
answer the promises—if Jesuitism is rendered im-
potent to pervert the mind and the sentiments of in-
fancy, families may be secure, and the education of
opulent classes is well provided for. But are the
middle and poorer classes as well off. We doubt this;
looking at the insignificant soppliee devotccl to thtm,
amounting, for a long time, to two centimes a com-
mune, and doubled by thei Budget of 1819.
One hundred thousand francs for the encourage-
ment of primary instruction in France. We
should see in this a sort of mockery, if it were pos-
sible that any thing trilling should be mixed up with
so important a matter; but in the brilliancy of the
capital we forget the darkness which prevails in
many of the departments. The ignorance of the
working classes, to whom elementary instruction is
so necessary, to enable them to labour skilfully, and
gather the fruits of their toil, is unknown. There
are a number of rural communes, in which munici-
pal officers cannot be found who can read, and
people who can write cannot be found for Maires.
We saw, in 1815, whole battalions of German
Landwher, not one soldier of which but could read
and write tolerably well. In Germany, schools are
established in the smallest places ; there is not a
village—not a manufactory even—where the chil-
dren are not enabled to obtain those arts which are
a debt due to them from the society. We arc not,
however, fallen so low as to be obliged to take les-
sons from an invading enemy. The advantages of
mutual instruction were speedily recognized, and
acted on among us, even in the most distant pro-
vinces. The superior authority, seconded by sub-
scriptions, and obeying a saint:try impulse, established
a great number of schools on this principle. What
has become of them ? We are acquainted with a
department near the Seine, in which 101 of these
schools had been organized by the Prefect in 1818 ;
there are not now four open. Another Magistrate,
though he appeared among the writers in the Gm-
scrvateur, saw the necessity of combatting rude man-
ners by education, and he allowed 15,000 francs per
annum for thirty schools in Corsica. The most fa-
vourable results were obtained, but the funds were

withdrawn, the schools disappeared, and moral im-
provement vanished. This suppression received the

approbation of M. de Corbiere.
The Ex-Minister may join M. Duplessin Grene-
dan, and give to Britanny their much-loved igno-
rance. The Bretons protest against it, and all
Frenchmen with them. There is not a workman,
nor a cultivator who is not sensible of the value of
elementary instruction. " if those people knew how
to read," it has been asked, " whnt would they do?"
They would read the receipts for their taxes, they
would keep square with the tax-gatherers, and
Would not pay twice or thrice over, as sometimes
happens. We wish to see the system of mutual in-
struction re-organised in France on a more rapid and
cheaper method,
if that be possible, and we will en-
deavour to stimulate the Government. We 'lave
before as a report made to the King of Denmark by
M. Abrahamson, on the Ist of Jitnuary, 1828, on
Mutual Itistru•lion, and we ektract the following
passage :

" The system of Mutual Instruction was organised in
Denmark in 1823, and on December 31 of the Ist year
there were 244 schools.

1824
1825 2d do ........... . SOS
3(.1 do ............ 1143
1826 4th d 0.... ;
..1545
1527 sth do ........... 2003
Ncw Sshools to be organised in 1828... 368

Making for the whole Kingdom ......... 2377 Sc,hoole
for Mutual Instruction."

This rapid progress began when that of Franco
began to proceed in a directly contrary direction.
Mutual instruction is admitted, therefore, into the
only country where absolute power is legal.
We hear from Arras, that a great number of
schoolmasters of the country places had been there
to pay their respects to the new Committee for in-
specting Elementary Education. The Bishop of
Arras belongs to those who conform to the Royal
Ordinance.

The Pr,'eure•car de Lyon gives the following
newt, which we repeat without guaranteeing it; and
we remark, that the Diario di Roma, arrived at Pans
to-day, says not a word of the departure of his Holi-
ness :--

"We have as folows from Zurich :—The Pope
arrived here on August 21st, with several carriages.

He was received with great honour, and the garrison
fired a salute, He immediately paid, a visit to the
President of the Diet, and to some of the Members
of that Assembly, but he did not quit his carriage
to these latter. He was escorted by the Members
of the Council of State. The object of his Holi-
ness's journey is unknown."

(From the Journal des Debuts.)

PARIS, Save. 2.—An extraordinary incident sig-
nalized the opening yesterday of the
*First Section
of the Court of Assize, under the Presidency of M.
Haranjacer de Quincerot. The list of the thirty-
six jurymen and the four supplemental did not col-
lect ; of the" thirty prescribed by the Cede of Cri-
minal Instruction, only twenty-eight were present.
Several of the absentees sent sufficient excuses. The
Court would not permit the excuse of Turpin de
Crisse, who stated that he was under the necessity
of supplying the place of the Viscount Sosthenes
de la Rochefoucauld, on the direction of the fine arts.
M. Debonne had taken his place for Lyons before
he received the notice. The Advocate-General,
M. Leonce Vincent, regarded his apology as insuffi-
cient, and begged that he might be fined. The
Magistrate complained of the lists of the Juries
being published by the Journals, which, informing
Jurymen when they would be wanted, induced them
to absent themselves. He announced that the
Court would take measures that the laws were
obeyed. M. Debonne was sentenced to pay a fine
of 500 francs. The Court waited an hour till Jury-
men, drawn from the general list, having their resi-
dence at Paris, could be procured. We cannot be-
lieve that the Court will follow the wishes of the
Advocate-General, and prevent the Journals from
publishing the lists of the Juries. The fine it levied
on M. Debonne shews-that it can enforce the laws,
and the Court, we are sure, will not place periodical
writers under the alternative of displeasing it, or df
sacrificing a Constitutional prerogative.
FRENCH FUNDS..--PARIS, Barr. 2....—Five.per Cents.
108 r. 50c.; Three per Cents. 73f. 30c.; Bank Actions,
1860 f.

FOREIGN FUNDS.—Nempolitan Rentes, Fair. Ca. 76f.
80e. ; Royal Spanish Loan, 74if.; Spanish Perpetual
Annuities, 47ff. ; Spanish Rentes, 7i. ; Haytian Loan,
625 f.