The Sun.
London, England, 1844-09-07 00:00:00

NEW WORK BY CAPTAIN MARRYAT.
Published this day, in 2 vols. fcp. Bro., price I2s. cloth,
THE SETTLERS in CANADA. Written for
Young People. By Captain MARRYAT, C.B.
By the Author,
W hed
MASTERMAX READY same ,
or, the reckrecently* publis
of the Pacifi,c. 3 vols. fcp.
Bvo., with numerous illustrations, 225. Gd.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

THEATRE ROYAL LYCEUM, I ATE ENGLISH OPERA.
HOUSE.
Under the Management of Mts. KEELEY.
Another great Achievement Successfully Triamphant ! ! I
To attempt to eulogise the gorgeous splendour of the New Extrava-
ganza of '4 Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp, or New Lamps for
Old Ones," would be a work of supererogation ; the Manage-
ment, therefore contents Itself by simply stating that it wilt be
'repeated every Evening

EVENIG, 7,
Will be repeated al New Drama, N
eatitledSEPT. MARTIN CHUZZLE.
WIT. Principal oharacters by Messrs. R. Younge, F. Vining,
Emery, F. Mathews, A. Wigan, Meadows, Kinloch, Turner,
Stanton, J. W. Collier, Yarnold, Sanders, and Keeley; Miss For.
fescue, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. A. Wigan, Mrs. Woollidge, Miss
Groves, Mrs. Usher, Miss Turner, and Mrs. Keeley.
To cenclue.s with an entirely Original, and much better than
New, Grand Operatic, Romantic, Melo-Dramatic, Burlesque Extra.
regents, founded on the celebrated Eastern Tale, in the Arab, .n
Nights' Entertainment, entitled ALADDIN AND THE WON.
DERFUL LAMP; or, New Lamps for Old Ones. With very
extensive Ne Scenery, Machinery, Dresses, &c. Principal ch.,
teeters by Mrs. Keeley, Messrs. F. Matthews, Turner, A. Wigan,
J. W. Collier, and Keeley ; Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Woolli 'ge, 311.;,
E. Chaplin, Mrs A. Wigan, Miss Turner, 311 s James, Miss Carson,
Miss Hunt, Miss Reede, &c.,
PRICES OF ADM I 0 N.—Baleony Poxes. 4 • Upper
Boxes, 35.; Pd, Sts.T; Gallery, CA. Second Price—Balcony Boxes,i 2s. ;
Upper Boxes, is 6d. ; pit hi. Private Boxes on the *talc my net
(holding eight persons), TA o Guineas. Private Boxes on the Second
Der (holding eight persons), One Guinea and a.HaIL Private
Boxes en the Pit Tier (holding six persons), One Gull ea.
The Box—dice is open from Ten to Four o'Clock, under the di rec-
than of Mr. Grogan, late of Covent-garden Theatre.

ASTLEY'S ROY AL AMPHITHEATRE OF ARTS.
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. BATTY.
Nightly overflows, and Last Week of the wonders of Mr. Carter, the
American Lion King.
THIS EVENING, SEPT. 7,
Will be repeated the Eastern Spectacle of MUNGO PARK; or,
The Lion Tamer of the Niger. Karla, the Arab, Mr.. Carter,
wh re n he wilt introduce his beautiful performance with his traisied
animal•, liens, tigers, &c., in the car, and on the open stage drive a
lio in harness. Combats with the monarch of the forest, and other
sew extraordinary ream
Entire Change of the Scenes in the Circle.
To conclude with an entire new E prestrian, Military and Naval
Spectacle, entitled THE CHINESE WAR; or, The Conquests of
Amoy by British Arms. New Scenery, Diesses, Appointments, &c.,
to realise the r.tent triumphs of England's Army and Navy. Feast
et 250 Lanttrns.
Acting and stage.m inager, Mr. W. I) Broadfoot.
Box-office open from Eleven till Five. Lessons In the Art of Riding
by Mr. R. Smith.

D A VIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
FOR THE BENEFIT OF MR. MR. E. 1.11'34E.
Last Nights of the Opera Company.
THIS EVENING, SEPF. 1,
Will he performed FRA DIAVOLO; or, The Ino of Terraems.
Vra Diavolo, Mr. D. W. King; Lord Allcash, Mr. S. Cowell; I o-
rens°. Mr. E. L. mime; Giacomo, Mr. Lefler; Lady Allcash,
Collett ; Zerlina, Miss Grant.
Atter which, the Third Act of Ballini's Opera of LA SONNA M-
BU LA ; or, The Village 1 hantom. Count Bodolpho, Mr. Leffler ;
Elvino, Mr. E. L. Hime; Amina. Miss Grant; Lisa, Miss Collett.
To conclude with BLACK-EYED SUSAN. William, Mr. E. F.
!Saville; Susan, Mrs. R. Honner.
Places and Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Kerschner, at the Box.
effice, Cram Eleven to Four.

STRAND THEATit
Will be
THIS EVENING, SEPT. 7,
performed M ARTIN CHUZZLEWI Young M
Chuzslewit, Mr. Ranoe; Old Martin Chuzzlecit, Mr. Aylifteartin;
A
Jonas Chuzzlewit, Mr trwood, Montague 'fig;, Mr. Roberts;
Tom Pinch, Mr. /fiddles; Mr. PeckinifT, and Mrs. Sairey Gamp,
Mr. H. Hall; Mary Graham, Mrs. Coleman Pope.
To which wit! be added AN FONY ANO CLEOPATIt A.
After which, a New and Original Burlesque, entitled THE WON-
DERFUL LAMP, in a New Light, in an Illustratd Version
of Aladdin. Alsanazar, Mr. Paul Bedbeford;g Aladdin, Mer. Wright ;
Princess Badreulbadour, Miss E. Stanley.

ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE.
TIS G, sEPT. 7,
Will be performed S HhakspEeare'sVENlN lragedy of HAM LET. Hamlet,
Mr. J. Hudson Kirby; Gertrude, Mrs. W. West; Ophelia, Alga
Vincent.
Af.er which, JACK AND THE BEANSTALK; or, The
Lad that knew how many Beans made Five. Jollibufra, Mr John
Herbert; Jack, Mks Vincent.
To conclude with THE WATERMAN. Tom Lug, Mr. Binge;
Wilhelrnina, Mi-s Louisa Lyons.
Private Family Boxes, £1 Is. Od. and -£1 11s. 84.

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN&
EXTRAORDINARY AND NOVEL •ATTRACTIONS.
This Week, being the Anniversary of the G,eat Fire of London,
16(56,
•Southby has arranged to give extraordinary effects to this
matchless representation, and introduce a display of the admired
water, jets tie fella, with other devices, to loan a GRAND
PYROTECHNIC DISPLAY.
On MON JAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, and Taußs DAY,
throughout the Season, the Gardens will open with the following.
attractive Novelties :
THE PICTURESQUE GROUNDS—FEEDING OF THE

for what he has himself denounced as " a gross out-
rage,"
in the Otaheite affairs, we have no better
guarantee for the fact than his own impressions of
the cordiality and frankness of the French Cabinet.
We may be allowed, therefore, to return to the con-
sideration of the existing state of our navy, as if
all hazard of a contingency that might call, abruptly
and soon, for its efficient services, were not, of neces-
sity, concluded by the convictions so avowed by Sir
ROBERT PEEL. In doing this we shall not appear to
impugn the good faith of the French Ministry, but
we shall act on the strength of the old maxim, that
" the timeliest wisdom is the best." Now, we desire
to direct the attention of the public—(for all appeals
to the intervention of the official and Executive autho-
rities on this topic have hitherto proved unavailing)—
to the disgraceful manning of our ships, and the in-
evitable tendencies of the system at present pursued
by the Admiralty, to increase and aggravate the dis-
organisation of her MAJESTY'S navy. Some of our
readers may object to the frequency with which we
recur to this topic ; but a sense of its vital impor-
tance and our own duty compel us to this proceeding,
and we have no doubt will be found to justify us in
acting on that impulse. And it is evident that, of
all the objects of a policy of precaution and foresight,
the efficient manning of our ships of war is precisely
that on which, "to be wise after the event," must con-
stitute the most ridiculous as well as the most pitiable
r —the most deplorable as well as the most absurd—of
predicaments. To set about making provision for the
proper manning of ships after they should have been
actually sacrificed, or too disabled to carry their ade-
quate complements from the weakness of their crews,
would exceed in ex post facto impotency the late
sagacity of him who carefully affixed a lcck upon his
stable-door after his steed had been already carried off
for want of one.
It is to be remembered that France is neither the
only, nor the most formidable, competitor with which,
in an event that we put, for out present purpose,
quite hypothetically, our navy would have to contend.
We lately showed that, excepting one or two line-of-
battle ships, and a frigate or so on the coast of South
America and on the West India station, one other in
the Pacific, and, we believe, a few frigates of the
larger and smaller class in the Chinese seas and the
Indian Ocean, our force in line-of-battle ships was
miserably deficient, assuming them even to be fully
manned. Their total is soon reckoned. At Lisbon,
the Caledonia, 120 guns—but she ought to be the
flag- ship of the Admiral in command at Plymouth!
On the coast of Morocco, the Albion, 90; in the
Mediterranean, the Formidable, 80. Besides these
three abroad, we have at Portsmouth, the Queen,
110—but she ought to be at Sheerness, where she
should be bearing the Port-Admiral's flag ; at Ply-
mouth, the St. Vincent, 120—but she ought to be the
flag-ship of the- Admiral at Portsmouth. At Chatham
and Sheerness, none ; at Spithead, the noble flag-ship,
Collingwood, 80—but she has taken out what the de-
nizen's of the Queen's Bench Prison used to call a
" rule "—and although returned in the naval muster-
roll as one of the home-station flag-ships, she is
making a little run presently for the Pacific. Thus we
have, for Europe, cis et citric the Straits, three line- of-
battle ships in commission ; at home, six ; whereof
one—the Queen, doing duty for Chatham, Sheer-
ness, and Portsmouth, all at once, has but half of her
proper crew A Correspondent of the Times, who
signs himself " Tom Tough," in a well-written letter,
illustrates the system of bungling, improvidence, and
invidiousness on which, what we shall take leave to call,
the business of dispersing, discouraging, and disgust
ing the seaman force of our navy, is carried on. This
sailor complains as one of those suddenly thrown out
of employ by late reductions in the navy, that, for the
last three months, from 500 to 600 prime seamen
(" able men," in the technical as well as ordinary
sense of the phrase), have been starving about the
purlieus of Portsmouth, vainly awaiting the commis-
sioning of the experimental brigs ;—that numbers of
others who have been, all their lives men of wars'
men, after pawning all they had for mere subsistence,
have been compelled to go into the merchants' ser-
vice, not a few into that of America.
Let us pause, here, to consider the hardship to which
this great, but ungrateful nasal country, subjects those
brave fellows, from whose undaunted intrepidity and
never-tiring energy she derives so great a portion of
her grandeur and power in the array of nations. The
very zeal they display in her service, their matchless
activity, coolness, and resolution in the discharge of
their professional duty, by expediting the achievement
of victory, if engaged on war duty, or the completion
of any given service assigned to them in time of
peace—work to their own disadvantage. They are
paid off with a rapidity proportioned to the vigour of
their operations; and then, too much after the fashion
adopted with those whom Byron calls
" The tools, the broken tools, which tyrants cast away,"
they are left uncared for—unprotected against those
only dangers, the dangers of being ashore, against
which they know not how to defend themselves—un-
provided for against the wretched destitution of that
period at which their confirmed habits of a sea life, and
their ignorance of all others, leave them the despoiled
and helpless prey of all the arts wherewith the most
nefarious fraud and wholesale dissipation, surround
and overwhelm and ruin them in the first days of their
inaction on shore. Why should we not provide
asylums and a moderate sort of half-pay for these
fine fellows, and thus accomplish at once the two in-
valuable ends of saving them from those sensual and
degrading habits into which, at present, they are apt
to plunge with a sort of reckless desperation—in the
very despair of doing any good for themselves, or find-
ing themselves better off by abstaining from them!;
—and of having always in hand as it were—at our
call—in any emergency—a permanent reserve of able
[nen, from whom certain proportions might be drafted
into our ships of war, and incorporated with a suffi-
cient number of newer or younger hands to com-
plete their respective compliments ? The very ex-
pense, even, of such a scheme, would scarcely exceed
that entailed by our present clumsy, impolitic, and
inadequate modes of advertising, bounty-giving,
crimping, sending round steamers to pick men up in
outports—and, worst of all, occasional impress-
ment. But the result would be to get able hands
instead of raw landsmen--expert sailors, accustomed
to handle great guns as well as sails—and to render
the service so popular and desirable, that every un-
employed able hand should be volunteering to enter'
on the first vacancy which might offer. In this way
we should assuredly revive the enthusiasm of the
force (which was only equalled by its never-failing
daring), that imparted their brightest lustre to the
laurels of DUNCAN, and ST. VocEzir, and NELSON.
We should hear no more of British seamen fighting
under other colours than those of their native country,
for that country wants but one tie more irrevocably
to attach the bravest of her sons to her ser-
vice and her vindication, and that is, the
ensuring, not alone for their old age, or for
the physical disability, resulting from wounds and
injuries sustained in her cause, but for those seasons
of enforced and reluctant retirement from active ser-
vice, some certain, though small, provision for their
subsistence. The charge upon the country for such
provision ought not of itself to stand in the way of the
adoption of some such plan ; for, in the meanwhile,
what are the dangers we are incurring in the absence
if any such arrangements ? The writer we have
quoted from above, remarks, on the entry of 100 sea-
men on the dockyard-books, in lieu of 100 labourers,
that good seamen, accustomed to an active life and
ever-changing scenes, would soon grow weary of
such occupation as this plan opens to them. lie says
that no able seaman worth having, will respond to the
invitation now promulgated to them, to enter on board
he flag-ships of the Admiral superintendents; for sailors
like to know something of the captain they are to sail
under. But these facts are also fearfully significant.
lle talks of the "number of seamen now strolling about
the streets of Portsmouth, who have pawned everything
they have rather than do so, and, by and bye, when
the Admiralty take it into their wise heads to com-
mission some ships, these fine old men-of-war's men
will be refused because their kit is not complete, and
they have not got a good change of clothing." • • • " Some years ago, out of twenty-six able seamen who
were paid off from a brig at this port with me, nine-
teen left the port for New York, unable to get
another ship, and are now in the
American navy.
This is the way, after John Bull has been put to the
expense of making sailors, they are treated; and it
is a proof of the badness of the system, and the utter
disregard that the Government has for them when
they no longer want their services." we ask, how
the Admiralty propose to get any respectable squadron,
if they had one in commission, efficiently manned,

under their present pedlarising and stop-gap system ?
They know the thing to be impossible. What will
they do, then, to secure an object, the immeasurable
importance of which has just been demonstrated
by the very dangers to which their antiquated
management would have been so utterly unequal ? We
have weathered the Otaheite gale. We have
worked out of the storm that so nearly overtook
us at Tangiers and at Mogadore. If our Admiralty
are not instantly up and doing, we may be overtaken,
in our present unprepared state, in a tempest blowing
from the direction of Tunis.

Lord DENMAN, in the course of the elaborate
opinion which he delivered on 'Wednesday in the House
of Peers on the subject of the Irish State Trials—an
opinion which, as Mr. DUWCOMBE justly observed on
Thursday in the House of Commons, ought to be laid
on the table and printed in letters of gold—his Lord-
ship, we say, in the course of this luminous and
straightforward opinion, made the following sensible
observations in reference to the studied ambiguity
of certain legal processes :—" In his opinion there
could not be a greater grievance and oppres-
sion than these endless, unintelligible, un-
wieldy, voluminous indictments. An indict-
ment
extending over fifty-seven pages was
in itself a grievance ; many prisoners could not af-
ford to pay the clerk of the peace for a copy; and
when they got it, the most learned persons could
scarcely find out what the prisoners were charged
with. The words were so ambiguous that it might
be that the pleader who drew it up might mean one
thing, the jury another, the Judge a third, and the
Court of Error a fourth, if they did not overthrow
the whole judgment." The verboseness, the circum-
locution, the obscurity, and the perplexing technical
jargon in which the law too often wraps up its
meaning, like a silkworm thickly enveloped within
the folds of its own web, has long been a subject of
regret with the public, and productive of a world of
embarrassment to judges, jurymen, counsel, and in-
deed to all connected with the administration of jus-
tice, with the sole exception, perhaps, of pleaders and
solicitors, who have an interest in indulging in a
surplusage of counts and phrases, and making every
indictment as full and circumstantial as possible, no
matter how absurd and tautologous one-half the
circumstances set forth in such indictments may
be. Now surely of all professions in the world the
Law is that which should be most remarkable for the
clearness, the straightforwardnes4, the simplicity, and
the direct, obvious, common-sense of its proceedings!
Its phraseology should be carefully pruned of all

verbal excrescences ; its technicalities—at present so
happily adapted to mislead and bewilder rather than
to convince—should be reduced within the narrowest
possible limits compatible with propriety ; and its
meaning he rendered so transparent as to be intelli-
gible to the obtusest capacity. Is this the case
with the Law, as it is now practised in some of
its most material departments ? Far otherwise.
In an infinite number of instances that we could
enumerate, were it worth while, its language is the
very reverse of simple and concise ; it is, in fact, stu-
diously ambiguous, and elaborately tautological ; the
meaning that might be efficiently expressed in a single
sentence, is spread over a dozen, and necessarily en-
feebled by the diffusion ; where one or two counts
would suffice to answer every rational purpose, six or
eight, and frequently as many more,-.are had recourse
to; in short, epithet is piled upon epithet, and repeti-
tion upon repetition, till the mind fairly reels and
staggers beneath the cumbrous load of verbiage
remorselessly pressed upon its attention, as if—one
would almost be tempted to suppose—for the perverse
purpose of confounding and paralysing its powers of
judgment 1 The Law's delay has long been a fruitful
subject of complaint among the people ; but the Law's
enigmatical tautology is quite as legitimate a griev-
ance. We see its results in the Irish State Trials,
where all parties concerned seem to have been involved
in a labyrinth of perplexities, simply in consequence
of the lax, ambiguous, and unsatisfactory manner
in which the, pleadings were drawn up. Of late
years—thanks to Sir ROBERT PEEL—many excellent,
substaitial reforms have been effected in the Law,
which has been rendered infinitely more simple and
intelligible than it was in the glorious days of the
pedantic, adust, black-letter old lawyers ; but much
yet remains to be done, ere it can be said to be per-
fectly and harmoniously in accordance with common
sense. And here, while glancing at the question of Law
Reform, we cannot refrain from just briefly alluding to
the exceedingly confused, verbose, and perplexing
manner in which—in far too many cases—our Acts
of Parliament are drawn up. We have seen some
that were more puzzling than the riddle of the Sphynx ;
and 10, when in the extremity of our bewilderment,

we have turned for enlightenment to the explanatory
notes in the margin, we have found that, so far from
diminishing, they only tended to increase our per-
plexity, and we have at length been compelled to
cry out with Puff in the Critic, " Egad,
the interpreter is the hardest to be under-

stood of the two !" Now, if it be worth while

to draw up a Parliamentary Act, surely it is worth
while to draw it up in such a manner as shall render
it generally intelligible ; and not in the wordy, con-
fused style adopted throughout the Inclosure of

Commons Act, whose meaning was so studiously
concealed beneath a cloud of vague phraseology, that
it was worthy only of being transmitted to the Bri-
tish Museum, as a legislative curiosity of the first
water !

We learn from Madrid papers of the 29th ult. that
the Opposition party began to show some symptoms
of life. The forthcoming elections have excited gene-
ral interest, and both Carlists and Progresistas were
in the field. The former, it was believed, would be
successful in Old Castile, and at Palencia Senors
OLOZAGA, MADOZ, LOPEZ, and SEOANE had come for-
ward as candidates. The Government, it is said, are
busily engaged in frothing measures for the delibera-
tion of the Cortes, which, we believe, will assemble
next month. The following notice appears in the
Gibraltar Chronicle of the 29th of August :
" The Governor has received an official communica-
tion, in which it is stated that all the Moorish subjects
who had fled from Tangiers have been permitted to re-
turn, and that the gates will always be open to them.
It is added, in the same dispatch, that the British sub-
jects, who, in returning to Tangiers, may have no other
object than that of gratifying their curiosity, are im-
plored neither to enter nor remain in the town, so long
as the Morocco question shall continue in its present
state. This does not, of course, apply to the servants of
her Majesty, nor to those whom commercial affairs may
oblige to reside in the town."

The Three per Cents. were done at 27i at 60 days ;
the Five per Cents. at 20, and the Coupons at 254
at 60 days ; and the Floating Debt at 60f at 50 days.

Certain of the Paris journals, which must have pe•
culiar sources of information, gravely describe what
has taken place at several Cabinet Councils in Lon-
don in reference to the settlement of the Otaheite
question. One of them states that the " Cabinet Coun-
cil held on Monday last was adjourned to Tuesday,
merely because it was deemed advisable, considering
the gravity of the affair under deliberation, that the
council should be as numerous as possible, and the
Duke of BUCCLEUCTI, the Earl of RIPON, and Mr.
GLADSTONE, were absent. There existed no differ-
ence of opinion between Lord ABERDEEN, the Duke
of WELLINGTON, and Sir R. PEEL. All three were
agreed that the satisfaction offered by France was not
sufficient. M. D'Aunic rir ought to be recalled, because
he commanded the arrest of Mr. PRITCHARD, and M.
BRUAT for having ordered his expulsion. The Eng-
lish Cabinet declared against France, not only on the
question of fact, but on the question of right, How-
ever criminal the conduct of a British agent, it escapes
every interference, and the flag covers the Consul
even should he fire;or cause others to fire, against us.'
M. THUM& journal gives rather a different report
of the deliberations of the English Ministers. "It
was reported," says the Constitutionnel, "on Tuesday
afternoon that the Government had received by ex-
traordinary express the substance of what passed at
the Cabinet Council on Monday last. After the
question pending between France and England was
introduced by Lord ABERDEEN, Minister for Foreign
Affairs, Sir R. PEEL proposed that the reparation
offered by the French Cabinet should be rejected as
insufficient; the Duke of WELLINGTON was of the
same opinion; but Lord ABERDEEN observed, that to
refuse the reparation offered by M. GUIZOT would be
to compel that Minister and his colleagues to resign,
and thus expose the good understanding existing be-
tween the two Governments. The Council adjourned
to the following day without coming to a determina-
tion. It is believed that the Minister for Foreign
Affairs will succeed in convincing Sir R. PEEL and