The Sun.
London, England, 1821-03-12 00:00:00

8.1 1. C.
f,30 f

- C.

. 8,1 f. :40 c.
. ; 530 f. e•

There''il. a groskit[oTisistencyr-iii the. conduct
of the Allied Powers toWars Naples. They
affect to interpose in its concernsi in order to_sup-
port the leg-itimate4ights of the King of
though they concurred in .suffering the hing of
SAXO'NY to be deSpOiled Of a la)* portion -of.his
dominions to gratify the arnbition of Prussia.—
We might also notice another:gross incOnsistency-
in the conduct of these great Redfesserl of Royal
grievances. Russia was -permitted to Seize on
Finland, and the rightful King of Sw-Fni6; is a
fugitive and a wanderer, while a foreigner is suf-
fered to 'reign over a People who are: strongly
attached to the line of their ancient and heroic
Monarchs. What say ye to these facts,ll6ielssieurs
holy Alliancers !!!

We are sorry to see the Morning Chronicle per-
severing in its attempts to prevent Ireland from,
having a visit from his MAJEsTy, by holding forth
insidious threats of the unfavourable reception
which he would be likely to experience if he re-
fuses to violate the Coronation oath by admitting
Papists to a full-participation' in Legislative an-
thority. The Chronicle has the following passage
this day in reference to the subject-:L---" •In such
a,visit we should rejoice, as in whatever tended to
unite the two countries in closer bonds of amity,
but we cannot see how and person could recom-
mend it if the feelings of -the Irish People are to
remain lunger unsatisfied and unreg,arded.!'--The.
meaning of first part of the above extract ob-
viously implies a threat that his MA.i.Ps.f, v "will be
exposed to insult and outrage if he visits 4i-eland,
after having rejected the claims of POPERY, a-nd
consequently must be intended:to induce his MA-
JESTY to hazard the futureexistence of our present
-Establishment in Church and State,or to prevent
him front fulfilling his gracious intention to gra-
tify his Irish subj4cts with his presence. Dia from
the terms " kish People" it may- be inferred
that the whole population of Ireland consists of
PAPISTS, though it is well known that a vast
tamber of Protestants in that Country look with
alarm at the ambitious pretensions of the. Papist;
to Political Power, and are disposed strenubusly
to petition against Sai:thcr concessions to those
who are devoted to a foreign authority, brul4-to
are in the full possession of religious toleration.

FOREIGN TRADE.—The Report of the Select
Committee will not, we understand, from., the'
knit] of the evidence and the tables to be an., ..
nexed to it, be ready for delivery until Thurs-/'
day or Friday next; we, however, trust that
Sufficient time will be allowed to the great inte-
rests at the Outports to See it, and to 'correspond
with their Representatives in Parliament
.tipoft
it ; 'we therefore, give no credit_ whatever, td.the
rumour, that it is the intention of the Govern-
went to submit a proposition to Parliament upon
it TOMORROW SCNNIGHT. It is impossible to
conceives that any attempt will be made to hurry
through. Parliament a measure so fatally impor-
'taut' to the Colonial and Shipping :Interests, :Is
that which is contemplated on thi'l Occasion..
Every opportunity should be afforded, even to
those a ho live at 'the Most remote,parts of Great
Britain, to be heard upon it, so that if the in-
tended propositions are passed into a. law, no corn-
plaint .can .be made, that the parties interested
were not afforded an opportunity to oppose thew.

TI IBER DI.TIES.-L-411 consequence of the ex-7
pected alteration of these duties in favour of fo-
reign timber and deals, an advance of
,tw?.
pounds Per hundred on Norway deals has already
taken place in the London Market,, and by let
ters from the North of Europe it appears, that
from the assurances which, it -is Said, Were gi_ven,
to - those Governments that these duties would
be'reduced, the price of timber and deals had.
considerably advanced in the ports of Norway
'and the Baltic, so that the amount of
-the - reduc-
tion 'of these duties is literally pint into the poc-
kets of Foreigners, and an increase of price is;
tln the English consumer.. The injurious'
etfeet, bewever, of these alterations will not stolf.''
there, but will be extensively felt throughrit"
British North America; for on Colonial deals it.
Will be eqbal to avitltY of 31. 155' per frndredr
and
.to a duty of -at least one pound per load or
COlonial timber, and the consequence of whicli.
will bp, that the trade to, these Coinies will
• ..
.next year not exceed what it was Pi 1808, before
the duties were first proposed by the' 1.1:-,r1
Bathurst and the late Mr. Rose. -To,satisfv.Ahe
.public of the .extent of the injury the Mother`
Country will sustain by this abandon-ruc.ot of th!A
Colonies in'. ISPS and
Shipping and-colonial Intezaeis.,
.weTi:,,. them A
1.-3 i 9. At tale same time
comparative statement of the t~-;10 to ‘i-, l' '-. ‘.,. t.ing S
can be alleged for this alteration in favour of the
we are at a loss to . ucover what rational grourut
179reigu interests ? There is not a man 'in the tim-
ber trade who does not deprecate the reductioil
of the foreign duty, however much he may differ
with others on the amount of. the duty it is pro-
per to impose en Colonial timber. . 1 t is cleei.
tht the reduction of the duty will nititinafelY
produce a great loss to the revenue, avhilst-it.ls
self-evident, that it will annihilate. the timber trade
of British North America, and ruin all the Ship
Owners who are engaged in lt. We yet trust, that
this subject will be RECONSIDERED by the Ge-
vernment,.before any measure be finallv -submitted
to the Legislature on the report of the Committee,.
which we are most anxious to see. Those are se-
vere truths, but they must be stated, before it
is too - late., The principle, once conceded to
foreigners, it cannot be reclaimed;
‘‘b:l,it an
improvident duty on Colonial timber may 1--1 e
rectified, but the other cannot, without probably

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I

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tristarbing the relations between this Country
al:d the Northern Powers.

In 1802, the Ships employed in the Trade t'otritiA North
America were
.And in 1319, they war- 15'2- • Ditto 340,537

Bctir,g an increase of Ships

1350 oi. Tons 320,01.

In 1808, the Exports . to - these Colo-
nies were " £1,099,01 13 2
And in 1819, they were 1,970,24 11 0

Being an increastof Exports of..

128`;.4.),75!i 17 10

—The depression which this impolitic reduction
of the duty on foreign wood and the. imposition
of a heavy duty on Colonial timber will be great,
and give rise to a spirit of dissatisfaction from
which serious evils may arise. If we are indif-
ferent and regardless of .the value of the trade
to our Colonies, it is justly appreciated by the
AmericanS, for in the last New York Papers it
was spoken. of in terms which -shew that they
• , view it with a jealous eye. Athongst the suf-
ferets by this infatuated change in the present
system, should it take place, will be British
manufacturers of all descriptions, who know fill!
'well the' growing demand there is for their goods
in the United States via the St. Lawrence, and the
waters falling into that greatriver,and -whi ch, if the
present duties continue, will go on increasing to
an incalculable amount : for it is not likely that
the inhal,itants of the United States, residing
near the British frontier or on the borders of" the
Lakes which have their outlet to the sea by the
- Saint Lawrence, will take their goods,-through
their own Atlantic ports, subject to a duty of
301. per cent sterling, when they can procure-the
satne articles by the St. Lawrence at the rate of
31. per cent. sterling, Whilst at'the same time
they obtain a market at a moderate expense for
their own produce. If a proper consideration
given to this branch of the.subiect by the CHAN-
CELLOR of the EXCHEQUER,. and he will consult
disinterested person's-upon it, he will be satisfied
of the important benefits to be derived by en-
couraging this INTERIOR intercourse with .the
United States; In fine all the new settled coun-
tries will. be supplied with British goods ; there-
fore we should improve the present opportunity,
and disregard the visionary schemes of the new
economists, and the connection with the old
. countries in the- North of Europe. They
never buy more of us than they 011 help ; it is
not their policy. to do so; they are striving all they
can to compete with us in manufactures,
on the other hand, it is not the interest of the
United States, nor that of the inhabitants of the
New Countries beyond Mississippi, to encourage
that branch of national industry : they are, and
for centuries to come must' be, agricultural coun-
tries, • a.nd anxious to
,be relieVed from their re-
dundant produce, they wily be always glad to
take our manufactures in ,return. Besides the
St. Lawrence affords facilities for the supply. of
immense tracts. of the interior country to which
we allude. There are natural difficulties in the
Mississippi by the way of New Orleans, and even
the completion of the canal frOm Albany
_to
Buffalo Creek, will still. leave us . many advan-
tages in our approach to the countries alluded-to,
• particularly if we facilitate the cotramanication
fivin -Montreal to the Lakes. We, therefore,'
under all' these considerations, flatter ourselves
that the Legislature will interpose, and prevent.
The abandonment of a trade which, •in the short
:Period eleven
,years, has produced so, much
:"(1 to the Mother Country and the, Colonies,
snd raised a new and healthy Nursery for
~earnen, equal to the annual employment of
'0)000 men ! • •

N.tvtGATIoN ACT.--At the observation of
,t 4,9 admirable writer,-That it is .by no means
fortune that-rules the world. For this," he
adds, cc we may appeal to the Romans,: wholiad
<5
always a series of prosperities When they act-
ed-upon certain plan; and an uninterrupted
course of misfortunes, when they•conducted
:themselves upon another.—There are general
causes,•hatural or moral, which operate in every
•" State, and raise, support) or overturn it." This
remark is well worthy of consideration at the
-present moment, when rile eta POLICY of the
Countr-y is about to be abandoned, the most im-
Povrant provisions - of the Navigation Laws, as
•well as all the restrictive statutes depending
'l3Oll the same .principle repealed, and a new
..Ystem -introduced, the advantages of which are
at best but` specalative and uncertain. If ex-
•Perivrice is to. be the guide of public men,— ex-.
Perience points out the propriety and theneces-
:sitY -of adhering to the existing, policy of the
Country, a policy which is evidently the best
•adapted to our insular aituation,, since it has raised.
Qar•rnercantile shipping to its present extent, and
111'431yd us 'to acquire that Maritime superiority.
ZAlin which our independence and iespectability
.41,,nation must always mainly depend. This,
reast, has ever been our opinion ; we have
ai ays attributed our rank among the States of
Grope. to our strength and power AT and-
I;he should have thought, that there were few,men
° iro"lji be disposed to dissent from us in this
':"Pect. But it seems that. we have been mis-
`akeu, for it is the opinion of modern Statesmen
44d theoriStS, that our Navy and our Maritime
liit'Z'reVs 'are interests of inferior consideration,
and by- po means essential to our prosperity and
.IYelfare ;• anti-:Fiat we may consequently safely
tkbari Joncc ti t. plftn," which has raised
the power of the COu3,4rY to its'present height,
and turn to " another" to' t‘ support" it. • We
fear, however, that this de.•:ll'll°.. from cc that.
certainplan," which was adol tO, :ksi the policy
of our ancestors, will not be unakjewled with
consequences similar to those which h.-glowed the,
Romens when they deviated from the prin-
ciples and maxims of their predecessors ; for
when that part of our preseitt system upon whiCh
.our Mercantile Shipping depends for protection
abandoned,what security have the Agricultural
Interest;that the rest of that same system which
is' their protection will not be abandoned also,
-with all restrictive statutes affecting Commerce,
and ForeiE,n corn, produce, and manufactures ad.,.
rnitted free of all protecting duties and regula-
tions whatever. Indeed, we are at a loss to con-
ceive haw this can, be obviated as the consequence
of the deviation from the old policy which is now
in 'contemplation, for its obvious and natural ef-

. •
feet Will be to depress h'ir cry considerable por-!
tion of British labour and industry, by throwing
out Of employment many thousand individuals
of the lower classes Who are dependant upon the
Shipping Interest, and who will no longer be
able to purchase the prOdtice of the soil, even at
the present low prices,Which are far from affording
an adeqUate return to the English Farmer ; and
ConseqUently these persons and others similarly
ciretimstanced, must, from necessity; become
clamorotis for the admission of Foreign cairn
and the abandonment of the regaining partS of
the system Of protection to, the HOME INTERESTS.
To shew the pUblic hpw different were the senti-
ments of enlightened men in former times ; we
seleCt a few of their OPiniort's in favodr of the old
policy of the country ; indeed we can safely re-
fer the modern economists to their idol Dr.
Adam SMith himself, who declares England to be
an exception to all his rules, and that her sys-
tem ought never to be abandoned. The indis-
criminate application of general principle's to our
insular situation, justified this learned individual
in making this exception, and it is only 'to be
lamented that his folloWers do not show. the same
good sense and patriotic -feeling, and. Calmly and
dispassionately reflect on the evils Which must,
from obvious causes,result, if these-innovation's are
permitted to take place. TO tell the Shipowners—
that there are too many British Ships afloat—that
-they must be reduced—,that the present quan-
tity of British tonnage far exceeds the employ-
ment the trade of the Country can afford, and
that it is necessary to admit a larger quantity
-of Foreign tonnage and a greater number of
Foreign Seamen into the trade of Great Britain,
with a view solely to the probable export of a
greater quantity of British Manufactures, evinces
such a want of national feeling and good sense,
that we really did not for some time, think it pos-
sibleany individual, holding an official situation,
could have ventured to have thus expressed him-
self, but we have no doubt of the fact from the
respectability of the quarter from whence the
anecdote was made known to us. We will not
fatigue, our readers with any further-comment on
this interesting subject,- but content ourselves in
requesting. them seriously to reflect on the fol-
lowing opinions and observations, which are de-
serving :at -the present moment their best conside-
ration :

" Some people, he understood, had been at infinite pains to
condemn the framers of the Navigation Act, end to ridicule
those .who were. .weak enough to look up to it as beneficial to
the country; notwithstanding which he would confess himself
one of thou weak beings. who admired its construction, and
would gladly see it preserved .INVIOLATE."—LQrd Lot:ox-
UOROUGH'S Speech, Feb. 22 -110—
" The shipowners cannot doubt of my being. zealous in their
cause; for it is.a cause in.which• I have interested myself from
the earliest..period „of my life.. the measures which have
been, and are now ,taking, it is 'evident that there are persons
who, not daring to attack the.laws of navigation and the ma-
ritime rights of Ole country directly and openly, are.endeavour-
i4g to sap and undermine them, deceiving the ignorant under
various pretences. I wish that my infirmities did not prevent
me from of the little assistance my. *talents might enable
me to giv3 ; but my principles. are manifest in what has al-
ready been published, and in the protests which I have entered
against many attempts of ~this nature, which one time or other
will also be seen •by the public.",—The late Earl of
POOL'S Letter, 10th March, 1807.
" At present, among* European Nations, a naval
,strength,
which-is the portion of Great Britain, is more than ever of the
greatesfirnportande to sovereignty, as well because most of the
ingdoms of Europe are NOT Continents, but, in a good mea-
sure,.surrounded by sea ; as because the treasures of both In-
dio& seem but an accessory to:the dominion of the seas."—Lcird
BACON. • = .

. . .
It is good not to try experiments in States, except the ne-
cessity be urgent, or the utility evident; and well to beware'
that it be the reformation that draweth on the change, and not
the desire of change that draweth on the reformation, and lastly,
that • the novelty, though it be not rejected, yet be held for a
suspect, and as the Scripture saith, 4 That we make a stand
upon the ancient way, and then look about us, and discover
what is the straight and right way, and so to walk in it.'"—lbid.
" The laws which the Legislature has provided for the en-
couragemtait and increase 0. British shipping and navigation
arc a series of restrictions and prohibitions, and tend to the es-
tablishment of a monopoly, but it is a plan of 'regulation which
our ancestors, who were more versed in the practical philosophy
of life, than the speculative, one of the closet, though necessary
for the welfare and safety of the Kingdom ' • reasoning from the
self-preservation of an individual,. to the self-preservation of a
people, they considered the DErENCE of. this Island from fo-
reign invasion as the FIRST law in the national policy ; and
judging that the dominion of the land could not be preserved
without possessing that of the sea, they made every effort to pro-
cure to the Nation a maritime power of its own; They wished that
the merchants should own as many ships and employ as many
native mariners as possible. To induce and sometimes to force
them to this application• of their capitals, restrictions and prohi,
• bitions were devised. These.- affected not only foreigners but
natives ; the. interests of commerce were often sacrificed to this
object: Trade was considered principally as the means for .pro-
meting the employment of ships, and-was encouraged 'chiefly as
it conduced to th,. one great national object, the NAVAL
pTRENGTH of the country.
" This policy was pursued by those who came after them, in
directing the public Councils ; and; in the last century, when
many institutions of Our ancestors fell a sacrifice to the rage. of
reformation, the wisdom of the navigation system was respect-
ed measures were 'even taken for rendering it more nano*
and restrictive. The foreiv war which those measures • then'
brought upon us, and the odinin which they have never ceased
to cause, to the present day, (1752,) among neighbouring N4=
tons, have not inducted the Legislature. to give up any orleor
its main principles. • ,
" Experience has shewn the advantage of adhering to this
maritime policy. The inducement to employ-British ships had'
the effect of increasing their number. The increase of their
number became a spur to seek out employment for them. Fo
reign Trade and the Fisheries were, by various expedients, made
subservient to advance the interests of. Shipping... Trade and
Shipping thus reciprocally contributed to advance_ each other ;
and thus combined, -they constituted very considerable sources
of national wealth. having been first encouraged for the sake
of the Navy, they were afterwards encouraged for the sake of
their _own. - From being subordinate and auxiliary to another
subject, they are now become principal objects themselves in
the national policy.; and in the mean time the naval power of
the Country is. sure of supply and support; without being di-
rectly' in contemplation.
" If .the wisdom of any scheme of policy.is to be measured
by its effects and consequences, our navigation.syste.m is entitled
to . the praise of having attained the end for which it was de-
•signed. Whether we regard the priniary or inferior objects in
this system, whether it is the increase of ;hipping, the extension
of our Foreign Trade, or the strength of our NaVy, they have
all advanced to a degree of consideration unexampled ; and they
owe that advancement to THIS SICSTEIg._.

" With regard to our shipping, it is well known that we enjoy
a greater share in what may be property called our own naviga-
tion ; that is, in the navigation by which our own Trade is car-
ried on, than any other nation in Europe ; and then, after we
have furnished these demands of our own commerce, we are able
to supply with ships the trade of Foreign Nations. This exten-
sive employment has gradually increased the mercantile ship-
ping of Great Britain to upwardsof 1,36511100 tons, which is,
i. e. (1792) valued at the sum of 1146630001. •
" That this increase in our shipping is to be aeeribed to our
navigation system may be made appear Nom recent experience
in the application of it to the trade of the United States. When
those countries were part of our plantations, a great portion of
their produce was transported to Great' Britain, and our West
indite Islands, in Amencan Bottoms ; they had a shale in-the
freight of sugars from -those Islands to Ureal. Britain. ,But
since the independence of those States,. since their ships have
been excludes from our plantations; and that Trade is wholly
confined to Britisio-built ships, we have gained that share of our
carrying trade, - from whiCh they are now excluded; and we.
moreover eniov a considerable proportion in the carriage of the
produce of the United States. .
" The increase of our trade and naval strength has kept pace
with that of our shipping and navigation. 'NI e can reflect with
pride that our Foreign '1 rade, combined with our manufactures
. and. domestic, industry, enables us taraise annually sixteen
millions of money with more case then four millions were
raised during the- reign of King WILLJAM, .and this upon a

. .
people, who; in their different ranks, enjoy more riches, more
competency, and more comforts, than any people in Europe;
and who are more industrious, because.they are protected by a
Constitution .. which has been pregre.iively• improving; both in
the-theory-and practice of it, to the preSent time.
" It was chiefly owing to' this wise system of navigation that;
(hiring the late American War, we were enabled; notwithstatith,
mg the defection of our ColonieS, to maintain all arduous con-
test against ,France, Spain, and, Holland, till in the . end the
Fleets of this Country might be said to haVe triumphed over the
Naval Powers of Europe. _

• •
' " After this experience, no Onp can doubt that it;is: the policy
of Great Britain to. give.her principal-attention to maritime al-
fairs : to carry on her own trade, in her Own ships, directly to
all parts of the world ; and to encourage her Fisheries in.every
sea ; .and. from these sources she may always hope to obtain a
naval force adequate to guard her shores from hostile invasion,
and to secure domestic felicity, both public and private,, firm,
and unshaken as the foundations of this Island."—(RE.EVEs's
History of Shipping. Bdit. 1792.)