The Sun.
London, England, 1819-02-02 00:00:00

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rinis EDINBUIti4H REVIEW, and CRITI-
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CoNTEN TS.
I. The History of British India. By James Mill, Esq.
li. Mcnioires et Correspondence de MaJanie D'Epinny.
Proposals for an Economical and Secure Currency.
By David Ricar,o, An Essay on Money. C. It.
Princep, Esq.
IV. Letters from the Hon. Horace Walpole, to Geo: Mon-
tatue, Esq. from the year 1736 to 1770.
V. he Gothic Laws of Spain. •
VI. Travellers in America.--l. Travels in Canada and the
United States', in 1816 and IFi 17. By Lieutenant Francis Hall.
—2. Journal of Travels in the United States of North America,
and in-Lower Canada, performed in the Year Ia •7, &c. &e.
By John Palmer —3. A Nthatire of a Journey of Five Thou-
sand Miles through the Eastern and Western States pit Ame-
rica; contained in Eiglit Reports, &c. With Remarks- on
Mr. Birkheck's Notes' and • Letters.' By Henry Bradshaw
Fearon.-4. Travels in the Interior of America, in the Years
1809, 1810, and 1811, &c. &c. By John Bradbury, F. L. S.
London.

VII. M. de Fellenberg's Establishment at flafwyl.
VIII. Universal Suffrage; Plan of Parliamentary Reform
in the Form of a l atechism; with Reasons far each Article;
with an Introduction, showing the Necessity of Radical,
and the Inadequacy of Moderate, Reform. By Jeremy Ben-
tham, Esq..
IX. Increase of Forgeries; Returns of Prosecutions and
Convictions for Forging Notes of the Bank of England, from
1783 to 1818. •
,•
X. Bright's Travels in Lower Nungary.
XI. Howe'll's State Trills. • -
XII.
CAthotics ot. Ireland; The Bible, not the Bible So-
ciety; being an Attempt to puha out that Mode of Disse-
;bloating the Scriptures which -,woold most effect naCy con-
duce tit the Security of the Established Clan-ch. •By the Rev.
\Valiant Phelaw„ Fellow of 'ln nil College.

Letterlo the Editor front 1)r. IVillittol Ferguson.
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AGENERAL HIS-1011Y of the COUNTY
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MEMOIRS »f :iOl-11',1 DUKE of MARLBOROUGH ; with
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liam Coxe, M.A. F.R.S. F.S.A. Arclaleacan of Wilts, and
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`, A VOYAGE up the PERSIAN GULPH, and a JOURNEY
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The POETICAL REMAINS of the late DR. JOHN LEY-
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I'lae R ON:1I. NARRATIVE of M. DE HUMBOLDT'S
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during the Year? 1799-1804. 'translated by Helen Maria
Wiliianis, under the immediate inspection 91 the Author.—
Volume IV. In Bco.

TOM CRIB'S MEMORIAL to CONGRESS. With a Pre-
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Appendix contains, among other Flash Articles, some
Uiaunjs by Bob Gregson, the present Puet-Laureat of the
Fancy.
A TRAVELLER'S 'l'A LE of the LAST CF.NTTIRY. In
3 vols. limo. By Miss Spence, Author of Letters from the
High!aods, &c.
OBSERVATIONS on the NATURE and TREATMENT
of the EPIDEMIC FEVER at -present prevailing in the Me-
tropolis, as well as in most Parts or the United Kingdom --
To which are added, Remarks on some of the Opinions. of
Dr. Bateman, in his hoe Treatise on this Suliject. By
Henry Cluttterbuck, M.D. Licentiate of the Royal. College
of Physicians, and one of the Physicians to the General ths.
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MONDOURO, t Novel. _

; or, to Marry or not to Marry. In Three
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CORRECTION ; . Nord. Second Edition. Three Vi-
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Janes NlacPliall, Twenty Years Gardener and Steward to the
late Earl of Liverpool.
MEMOIRS of the LIFE of JOHN WESLEY, the Founder
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LITERARY REVIEW.

I'HOUGHTS on the RESU:,IPTION of CASH PAYMENTS
by the. BANK ; and on the CORN BILL_ as connected
frith that Measure: in a Letter adih es;ed to the Right
Honourable the Chancellor of tile. Eiccheinvi-. By A. H.
CHAiqI:ERS, Banker, Bond-street.

The writers and Srechifiers. of OPposition,
have -been so virulent their attacks upon Go-
vernment and the Bank on this subject; withont
really possessing anroper knowledge at its intri-
cate nature, that we feel it to be our ditty to no-
tice this intelligent tract'. It' is written. by a'Oen•
T tertian, who
.justly aSwell, as modestly. observes;
that “natutaliy conoiving that the eirennioalice
of his having bee.n. bred-in the Monied World (To
whidi tiarly lotty years.Of l is lice have been de:-
yoted), may have afforded hint an opportunity of
torming noire correct ideas on so intri,:ate a ques-
tion, than perhaps the generality of persons who
nave not had the benefit of such an education, he
is node' that impression induced to submit his
opinions to the general consideration of '-he Le-
gislature, beforea.measnre so replete with danger,
if not with positive destruction to the commerce
of the country, be adorted." Such is the mo-
desty with which a Gentleman of long ptactic,al
experience endeavours to enter upon a subject of
great difficulty, while the shallow declaimers and
scribblers of Party confided ly-attempt to explain
question of which they are really ignorant,- and
vent flick abuse upon those who may well be
supposed to be better informed.

" But fools nsi) in where angels fear to tread."

The anther declares that he has no interest be-
yond that which pertains to persons of property ;
that he stands perfectly isolated, and by no means
courts the favour of the Bank Directors; obwv-
ing, that he had on. most occasions beek) trio: e
disposed to question the resolutions and proceed-
iogs of: the. Directors, -titanic) give them umpali-
fied approbation. Such a declaration from a Pelt-
tleman still in business, and alto fairly puts his
name to his work, deserves the notice and the
confidence of the public. We shall extract a pas•
sage or two from the work 'at present, and pro-
bably resume the subject to-morrow..

" Great stress has been laid by'some on the depreciation
of the Bank-mote, when gold rises above the coining price of
al. 17s, top. per ounce; admitting the fact to be so, and
that, if a peison'he desirous of exchanging notes for gold,
lie is compelled to pay 5 per cent. more for the obtainment of
the precious metal will that be a reAson sufficiently strung
to irdu;:e the Majon to risk its present prosperity, Nerdy to
be enahled to say that a man may ha've nine guineas, one
half g'nnca and sixpence, in exchange for a te❑ pound Bank-
note?

" That high-sounding word—Exchunge, is then brought
forward in aid of the argument. The generality of writers
on this subject hive fixed their eyes on the Bank of England
as the-arbiter,-and conceive that the paying in gold, or the
continuance of a restrictinn on its issues of coin, regulates
the course of exchange; not reflecting that the. Bank il.ra-
thcr an oecaoonal.receptacle for a redundancy of gold, :than
a source or mine whence the metal may be derived. . •

" The operation of the Bank is to prevent. the price ofgold
sinking below 31. 17i. WO., as at that price it is ever ready
to reeeke it, by issuing its notes in exchange. If, for in-
stance, ten millions were to he carried to the Bank, and
notes given to that extent; whtn called on, the Bank would
be able to restore the full amount. But if the Bank issue
notes on government securities, it will naturally look to go-
vernment for their redemption; and so with respect to dis-
counts—if the Government and the Acceptors pay the Bank,
that body will, of course, be ready to discharge its obliga-
tions—but not otherwise.

" There can be no question that when gold can he received
for paper even handed, or, in other words, when gold can be
procured for its representative value on paper, the exchange
will continue with less variation ; but this may he considered
a consequence of the regularity of exchange, rather than a
cause of it ; yet, even when the Dank pay fn specie, there
will be occasional variations produced by different causes ;
transfers front one country to another—for goods bought or
sold—from emigration in any great degree—an army paid in
another country, or any other circumstance, increasing- the
quantum of negociable paper.
" Those writers who have exercised their pens on exchange
seem none of them to be clear in their ideas, or to have hit
on the true cause of its variations; they have merely consi-
dered the. drawing and re-deawing of one country on another
—whetifer, when the hills become due, they will or will not
be paid in .specie: and the relative value of that coin in
which they are to he discharged. Unquestionably these eon-
sidorations have their weight and bearings on the subject;
still every one who has ventured to predict, has been pro-
phetically wrong.
" Ought we not rather to consider national industry,
science, and talent, ts the grand regulators of exchange ?
these combined will ever direct its course ; the principal ob-
ject therehorc is to excite productive labour and industry, and
whenever the people shill be fully employed, then will the
exchange work itself in favour of the nation. The beneficial
effects of this employment spring up imperceptibly; and can
only be olssexved in the results produced ;—scarcely ever ill
their progress or detail. .
" To excite the national powers becomes then the impera-
tive dusty of the State—and how can these powers be set in
motion so-effectually as by credit and a paper circulation?—
the first being only a private assurance between indivietuals—
the second, a public and transferable promise to pay. Check "7
the transferable claim, and the grard :impetus is injured,
which at presenCeannot suffer diminution, without imme-
diately arresting the progress of labour: without payment
man will not work; and if he cannot he paid in money, re-
course ronst be had to a transferable promise; but it is im-
material to the labourer whether he wotk for gold or a tur
pike ticket, provided that ticket wa procure him the-neces-
sares of life. This position has been fully iitusitated aurius.,

PRICE SEVENPENCE.

the late, lung, and arduous struggle ; for although the na7
tional debt Iras alMndantly increased, yet has it been accom-
panied by an extension of national and domestic credit. equal
to its stii.pOrt, white the resources of the country have been
commensurate to its burdens, and every thing has prospered.
ildtiscs have been built—roads formed—canals cut—bridges
erectcd—and'agriculture most wonderfully advanced ; nor is

there a county that has not ha!'! its enclosures, or scarcely.
a scienec or Manufacture that has not been improVed;
and these all owe their prosperity to what has been called a
flea/iota circUlating medium. EVen charity, the offspring of
abundant riches, in England has ben most profuse—nay, al-
most unliMited. All these result from national wealth—not the
accumulation of gold In England's most prosperous days
twenty-five t»illions of specie was as much as it could boast
of possessing. How long would twenty-five millions support
its inhabitants ? one, two, or sin months. Can gold thenbo
consideted as national wealth ? surely' must look to

something else!
• „ ,
." In taking a comprehensive view of our national circuv
inedioca it will he requisite to consider its amount itt
relation with that of the national debt, which it is called or&
to sappmt,as well as with that of the .various agricultural,
Manufacturing, commercial, and professional transactions.,
each demanding a given qoantity to supply the r 'respective
shily wants; for it would he preposteious to imagine, that
one thonsand millio s of del it—an improved agriculture—
flourishing manutactures-7extended commerce, and profes-
sionai expencts, can be supported and carried on with the
limited means that existed when the debt did trot exceed two
hundred millions—ivhen the country possessed nut a quarter
of its present trade, and agriculture was islmost in its infancy.
Any one who attentively considers the subject will readily
perceive that the issues of accommodation from the Bank of
Eugland hove not kept pace with the increase of debt, a debt
which could nut be supported by the existing Bank-notes its
circulation, were it not bit the co-operation of bankers' credit,
country bank paper,-,and individual credit between party and
party."

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF KING'S BENCH,FEa. I.

CONSPIJtAC Y.

THE KING V. AUGUSTINE, BOGLE FRENCH, J.

FRENCH, BOURKE, AND M. WELLS.

The defendants appeared to receive the judgment
of the Court, convicled last Term of Conspiracy.
It will be recollected t!sat they obtained Spanisit
letters-of-marque to "capture' a vessel named she
Carlotta, sailing from a British port with a Bri-
tish .license. The Court were occupied reading
a report of the -trial near two hours, and in cots.
sequence of the advanced time of the day wises.
the Ciller JusTicesconcluded, the judgment was
postponed to Wednesday.."-