The Sun.
London, England, 1826-08-04 00:00:00

'NDS AT ONE O'CLOCK.

Neapolitan, 1824
Peruvian Bonds 27
Portuguese Bonds B2
Prussian, 8 per cent.
Ditto, New —
Russian, New, 3 pet cent. 83%
Spanish, 1821 i lO It
---- 1823 14.4 a ....
French Renter. b p. a —f. --e.
--Exchange —c.
—.-3 per cent.. —1 —c.
--- Exchange —l. —c.

AT ONE &CLOCK..
Paid. Per Sha
/15 34% St re.
it Ditto
.. 5 3
5
;any 6 ii

TOCKS, AUG. 1.
St. Patrick Insurance 6 dis.
Royal Irish Ditto —
National Ditto —
Patriotic Ditto —
Hibernian Bank —
Provincial Ditto
Royal Irish Mine IN dis.
Imperial Mine —
Fish Shares —
1 New Brighton

are lower than they have been tt`r dim* ten Putt tbi Nelb.rd'
lands' Company has advertised for the if.lth July, aside at Antwerp
of 6770 bales of Java coffee, 6980 of Brest,' 1419 of Domingo, •
and 1107 of La Gnayra ; and for the Bth August another sale at
Rotterdam of 10,697 bales of Java and SO casks of St. Jago coffee.*
The shares of the Company, too, have considerably declined in
value, being at present at 78. It is affirmed that they have beett
offered for delivery at the beginning of next year that
'7O, (at the
beginning of last year they were at 106). A very !Viking enn''
ladial
trait to this Company is afforded by the Rhenish Wait
Company, whose shares hare retained the full vslue during the
most critical period. of the late commercial distress, and bear now
a premium of 6 per cent., and which lately paid a dividerd of
2 per cent. Other commercial companies established in Northern •
Germany afford equally satisfacim results. If, therefore, the
Netherlands' Company, notwithstantliM the advantag:am Ire,
of Holland, and its capital of thirty millions of florins does not
prosper, the unfavourable state of its. affairs appears to lee thiek
attributable td the want of knowledge, of the nature and }`rte
state of commerce, which now prevails in ,Holland' which con ntry
having been reduced to inactivity during- the long wars, and its
union with France, had not advanced wit,' the progress of cont.
merce, and has not become acquainted and lioniliar with the neve
commercial cities of Holland, that almost
course that it has taken. It has accordingly been nbservEl in the
houses are declining, while the new onew chiefly formed
by strangers, go on prosperously. That the oPe „fnljeded„
on restriction and monopoly, which the Witco
and
consequently rests on false principles, is evident front went follows, is not adapted to the actual state Of krg"
all the old established
the deelie.e
of the Dutch Colonies, and of the once flourishing
trade. A Memorial of M. F. Muller, Agent of the Gert'ese
hed
mercial Association at Darmstadt, wich has just been pug.* t
communicates the unwelcome intelligence, that the tiegectetinni
Stutgard, the object of which was to make a commercial tonnes
gym
tion between the Western German States, have been interruPted•
Ea& t Incha
and that there is no hope that the highly desirable result wit so°n-
be attained. It would be, however, an imputation on the wisdom'
of Our Government to suppose that the intended union wilV never
dic
be accomplished in spite of all the difficulties and prejue, that
stand in the way of it. This is the more probable since, as At
Muller assures us, the parties at Stutgard have agreed on thr
main poiuts, and the difficulties arose have secondary interest' ;
but surely the most important concern of Western Germany can.
not be made subordinete to them at the expenee of the proaperitY
of many millions of subjects.
The (probably unfounded) reportt of contagion', fever having
broken out at Heidelberg, has induced many atudenta to leave ttinghe
University. Those sons of the muses art now pet:ambula
the countries on the Rhine, where they excite no little
sstoniati
Or'4',"
went among the inhabitants, by their ancient and modern
dresses, and oriental costume.
• We know from the Antwerp Journal that the society
drew almost the whole of the coffee on the day of sale, on account
of the probability of a rise, and thus disappointed great num-
bers of buyers, who had resorted to Antwerp on the ocasiou.---
Various letters have been published, blaming or defending the
conduct of the society, and doubts are expressed, whether the she
at Rotterdam it; likely to be well attended.
f This report has been generally contradicted by
the Magi,.
trates of Hiedelburg.

Mexican Papers to the 18th of May have belt
received ; but they do hot contain any information.
Letters have been received at Bordeaux, 'to the
16th of March ; but they do not bring any ittfrmati°ll
from our armies.
Letters received this morning from ftolland. state,
that the Dutch Bank has not only given tiot.lee to
discount at 3} per Cent., but will advance on Poblic
Securities at 4 per Cent.

Letters received from Calcutta of the 16th Marc"
state, that no Indigo remained in the Market
inferior quality, and that the price of fine quality w''
nominally 260 to '270 rupees. °"
According to the advices received from the inieli
it is supposed, that the crops of 1826, will be but OW"
tiling, and will not be half that of 1825 ; the stied 4
sown in many places in October having totally failkith
in, consequence of the cold, &c. but or

~~~

It appears by accounts from Dublin, which 40114
found in another column, that considerable confusio"
continues to exist in that city, in consequence 4)f the
encreased rate of wages demanded by the "'king
classes, from the change in the value of the coPPer
currency of Ireland. The people appear not to
hay'
understood the actual change which had taken 01'
but finding that they can only get I2d. for their sh'
ling, instead of 18d. as formerly, and- that the FOY
dealers charge them the same nominal price for 04
article as before this additional value was given to titer
copper coin, they have combined together, for the
pose of obtaining an encrease of wages, proportiolote
to what they consider that they have lost by thin
causes. Considerable bodies of these peoPle hs,6,
assembled every day in the Phoenix Park ; but veil•
few acts of outrage leave been committed. 14'see
is, however, said to be brewing at these nieetings.
in-
It really appears to us, that the people, in this
stance, are not without some cause of complaint. 1;
Proclamation, changing the value of the copper
o e°l
current in Ireland, has virtually had the effect
;et:
ducing their means of purchasing those articles usoiy
paid for in pence and halfpence, about eight
plot ce!'
in consequence of the price of those articles hallng
fallen in a corresponding degree.
For instance, a man who received 2s. a day, $
exchanged those two shillings for copper, received 201.
pence. He laid out part of this in the purchase
half a pound of soap, for which he paid 4(1., that
4-26th parts of his day's earnings. He is still oh3,tly
4d. for the same quantity of soap, and consequelio
pays 4-24th parts of his earnings, and, therefore,lle,c4,
lea means remaining to procure the other
necessary for his subsistence. It is no doubt with
ficult, and perhaps dangerous, to interfere cosi
dealers, for the purpose of re ulating the Phr;ve
of their commodities, but if gthe dole': to
icmomprpoopieleroulyoraviiaildleudcedthteomacseltvei:st;:ify this °cosi ,(
obtain larger profits on small articles, and cial"their
prices, we see no help for submitting rtcrttihiegitclile)gi:,i'dt!!
of the workmen. This will again act most re, rice
cially to Ireland generally, as it will add to t P A
of every article manufactured in that cononerfe,
case therefore seems made' out to justify the 'l'd the
rence of the authorities between the people In
'dealers. sloth.
We are sorry to observe that Ireland Is, ,1
scene of distress, from the number of uneroPle,
sons from other causes. It is stated that ti3e-e,tioo
nearly 2,000 weavers almost in a state of atiorgs the
in Duhlin, from want of work ; that great haul
distress is in that capital, it is still greater throng
Connaught and Munster.

The scarcity of Vegetables in different Pr" 116
Kingdom, in consequence of the extraordinarY dr°l
is greater than has been known for many y b
ears, it to
some neighbourhoods it is absolutely impobli
procure them at any price. atv, butt
The early Potatoe crop has been very 1100.-/-1 that
until these few days, great hopes were entertnine` ro of
the late crop would prove abundant. Tho reit' thii
dry weather, attended with such eicessive heat 14..10
ver, we m
critical time for the Potatoes, has, howe.

to learn, destroyed these hopes, and great appvehett•
sions are generally entertained, that a total failure of
this most important root will in west places be ex-
perienced. This will much add to the distresses of
the working classes, of whose rood Potatoes, in many
parts of the Kingdom, coristitute so large a portion,
while it will also lessen the means of giving relief to
the unemployed. The price of Pork and Bacon will be
also enhanced by the bad crop of Potatoes in Ireland,
and, on the wh okt, we fear there is no probability of
the general nr:ce'ssaries of life being reduced in price.
, The thu,,ider showers now flying about will be fa-
veurable t(J the Turnips, and we recommend, that all
the rm. :id Which can be spared, be sown with this
va4tbl.,e root.

•
T,he accounts from the country this morning arc
'more favourable. Fine cl jibs are in great demand in
Yorkshire.

Now that the Assizes are drawing near a conch:- .
smn,,the public will reasonably presume that all the
causes entered for trial at the commencement of the
Cirauits are Aisposed of, and that the grievances of the
res'isectivei plaintiffs have been amply satisfied by the
frill measure of impartial justice. But such, alas, is
`not the case. In many instances, the plaintiff has not
been allowed even an opportunity to prefer his coin-
Vatint;—although he has been put to the harassing
expense of bringing his witnesses from remote quarters
to substantiate his allegations. It is painful to think
how many persons there are in this predicament, whose
, eases are left to stand over, (in technical language, as
remanent:), till the next Assizes-.-a period in many of
the Circuits of eight long mouths ! in which time, very
Possibly, the most efficient of their witnesses may die,
or several of the parties, may be unable, from the same
cause, to prosecute their suits; or be deterred from ob-
taining justice by 'the accumulation of the expense, in-
curred.through delay; so that a long purse is, after all,
the best friend, in a law-suit, were it as tedious as a bill of
discoveryfil,A in the Court of Chancery. The public will
naturally ask, what is the reason why so many causes are
, thus left untried on the various Circuits, and a thou-
sand an ewers may be given, according to the parties to
whom they are put ; one will say that the Judges had
too r nuch to do, and too little time allowed to finish
the business before the Commission must be opened
in, the next county; another evill say, that the parties
'were not ready ; a third will insinuate, that the Judges
were too old to get through the matter speedily) and a
fourth will say, that the Counsel advised the Attorney
to manage to put the trial, off; as his client would have '
a much better chance nex'c time : in short, every one has
his reason,. and offpost 'the learned cavalcade to the next
assize town, leaving in ore grievous causes of individual
injury, private intertsst, or public importance, untried
behind them, than axe to be disposed of where they are
going. But the I etter of the commission is impera-
tive, and must t,e obeyed. Now, that justice is de-
layed, in• man i'astances denied, by one or a combi-
nation of all thrJse circumstances, cannot be doubted ;
and every suittsr who has lost his time, his money,
and perhaps riltimately his cause, must wish for the re-
vision of a tJytitem of delay so grievous, objectionable,
and even r vinous. The mild spirit of the English law
declares 'hat there shall be no denial of justice; but
this,L like many other golden rules, unfortunately sees
,t"„e rue,tice too often at variance with the theory, and
tile sophistry and ability of Learned Counsel will
nc4 rreconcile a man to the beauty of our Constitution,
`‘ the glorious uncertainty of the law," after he has
pad the double costs of a nonsuit, or been honoured
smith the farthing damages of a special verdict, and all
Isis own costs to pay !
The arrear of appeals in the House of Lords had
become so great at one time, that the House thought
proper to adopt a remedy, by devoting more of its
time to the business, and the consequence has been
doubly advantageous to the public by getting rid of the
old causes (remanent:), and by deterring parties who
brought up appeals merely for the sake of delay, arid
the evasion of justice, from bringing new ones. Thus
touch time and enormous expence are saved, and the
suitor for the sake of delay stopped at the threshold of
the House, by the certainty that his case will soon be
heard and disposed of little to his satisfaction.
Now, a corrective and summary system in one
branch, may he applied with equal benefit in another,
and the accumulating grievance of remanents on the
Circuits, be got rid of at once. We know that one
grand objection is the increase of business at the As-
sizes, but that being so, why not adopt means coin-
rnensurate to the' increase ? Does not a man, emerg-
ing from a narrow sphere and limited income, increase
his establishment and require more attendants when
his income is enlarged tenfold ? But there are other
causes which operate to increase the remanents.
The
wisdom, purity, and zeal of our Judges, no one
can doubt ; but it is equally clear, that some
of them are too far advanced in years for
the dispatch of all the laborious business on the cir-
cuits, and that too in a limited time. It is excessively
f
atiguing to write down the evidence in a hot court,
for twelve or sometimes fourteen hours. A great deal
of time is wasted by the slowness with which
evidence
is taken down, and the difficulty of' hearing. Another
grievance, is the unnecessary and long-winded speeches
of Counsel, which consume much time, to no other
purpose, than the mere display of (too often) vain-
glorioui 'oratory. A simple case, which might be
plainly stated in five minutes, is involved in the rheto-
rical labyrinth of two hours or more, till the Jury are
left at length bewildered in a
confounded story," ten
times repeated, and clogged at each repetition; with
some new matter, as foreign to the subject at issue, as
the conquest of' China by the Crim Tartars,' or
the discovery of America by COLUMBUS ! Another
crying evil, is the long and impertinent trove-
examination of witnesses, upon circumstances
and private history, quite irrelevant to the pun-
pose ; and all -for what ? to lug in some occasion
for the display of miSplaced wit or stale joke. Nor is
the multitude of witnesses unnecessarily brought for-
ward in a plain case less reprehensible. And here is
scope for the attorney to amend. It is idle—nay it 13
useless, and frequently injurious to the cause, to crowd
the Court with a long string of witnesses,
where two
or three would be sufficient. But it all helps to swell
the bill, and gives fictitious importance to the trial.
Each succeeding witness corroborates the other like
the long-continued peals of thunder echoing from
rock to rock, and becoming more faint in the dis-
tance ; but does not elucidate the matter a jot. Ano-
ther frequent cause of delay is the lengthened argu-
ment upon conflicting cases of law, cited on either
side, whenever a bone of contention is picked out
fbut or the display of legal ingenuity arid learned research.
this' is -often clit short by the dictum of
the Judge very properly overruling the point at once.

gat ewes the )otig mid it tedieut reply "—the for-
' torn hope of a bad cause-.more long-winded and dis-
tressing in proportion to the hopelessness of the case.
It would seem, that the zealous Counsel, in spinning
out his reply, with more volubility than discretion, was
running a race in fancy against the summing-up of the
Judge, who is sitting on nettles during the infliction
of the lengthened harangue, and is often obliged to re-
lieve his patience by abruptly telling the Learned Gen-
tleman that he is travelling out of the record, and at
the same time pointing to the clock ! But this only
serves to call forth how highly the learned hero of the
" Reply " has been honoured by the kindness of his
Lordship, and forth he launches again with " more
last words," to convince the Jury (who have been lulled
to sleep long ago,) that his case is as plain as possible,
and he has no doubt that they will assert the best pri-
vilege of Englishmen, and do justice to their own con-
science, by giving " a true verdict "in his favour. The
Jury are roused from their slumber by the cessation of
the Learned Gentleman's voice, just as a dozing rider
is startled awake by the horse suddenly stopping.
Then for the Learned Judge's summing up—the
old dull story over again ! But here a dilemma
frequently arises ; for his Lordship, after descanting
upon the particular bearing of a certain fact, and wish-
ing to be quite correct, proceeds to read it to the Jury,
but lie cannot decypher his own writing ! Half a
dozen counsel hasten to assist his memory, but only
encumber him with their help ; for it often happens,
that each has a different version of the fact, more fa-
vourable to his own view of the question. Surely all
this requires amendment ; for it is melancholy to think
how much time is wasted by such practice. If there
are fifty cases to be tried in five days, and to be dis-
posed of at the rate of ten per day, is it not manifest
injustice to those near the bottom of the paper, if one
case of little importance is stretched out by the bick-
ering of counsel, to last the whole day ? And such
instances are not unfrequent. The practice of leading
counsel monopolizing all the briefs is another griev-
ance, not only to the junior members of the bar, but
to the public, who for their own safety are induced,
like crows, to build their hopes on the highest branch.
—Now as possession is held to be nine points of the
law, the " old crow" sticks at the top of the rookery
till he falls off, from the mere dotage of old age, la-
mented by the joyous chorus of his aspiring successors.
We would remedy this accumulating load of griev-
ous delay, by apportioning the burden to the strength
of the bearer. Let Judges past a certain age be re-
lieved from going the circuits, and replaced by substi-
tutes of younger years, more activity, though less ex-
perience, but more natural capability, provided always
they do not fall asleep in the middle of a cause. If the ex-
pected business on each circuit cannot be well ascertain-
, ed when the arrangements are made, let learned Ser-
geants who have left off practice, and are looking to
the Bench, supply the place of the Judges, and wind
up the assizes at each place where the Judges are
compelled to leave rentanents. This plan would be
beneficial to the briefless members of the bar, by afford-
ing them opportunities of displaying much unknown
ability. It would also operate beneficially on those whose
bags are full by causing them to make short work of
the matter, under the consciousness that delay would
oblige them to hand over their unwilling briefs to others.
This circumstance would work miracles. Nor could
there be any fear that justice would not be as well
done by expectant Judges as by those in possession,
and any errors could, as in the present case, be remedied
by the Court above. Monopoly is bad in all cases.
It may be very well for " Leaders" to amass fortunes,
but wealth should not be acquired by the ruin of clients
(through delay), and keeping younger merit in the
back ground. The increase of business might be met
by an increase in the number of Judges, and extend-
ing the number of the places of Assize, by which plan
witnesses would be saved a journey of fifty miles from one
extremity of a county to the other. There, can be no
charm in the number twelve, nor can precedent
justify abuse. Had our ancestors adhered Co prece-
dent, we should never have beheld 'Westminster
Abbey, nor a first rate line of battle ship. Nothing
is of more importance to the community than a ready
access to justice and a speedy decision of the cause.
People will entertain more respect and affection for
the laws, from a consciousness that justice will be as-
suredly and promptly done ; and the wisdom of our le-
gislators cannot be more beneficially employed than by
making the institutions of the country more worthy
the respect of an enlightened people than the blind
adoration of unreflecting minds. Mr. PEEL has nobly
led the way in brushing off the dust and cobwebs of
antiquity from our statute book, and he can only en-
'huge the perpetuity of his fame by simplifying the
practice of our Courts of Law. The excellence of
our venerable constitution, will be preserved, not in-
jured, by the judicious alterations of the Right
Honourable Gentleman, who reforms, not with the
undiscriminating- rudeness of a spoiler's hand, but
corrects the errors of our institutions, while he reno-
vates their spirit and improves their beauty.

We have received Jamaica Papers to the 22d of
June. They are entirely barren of political intelli-
gence. The House of Assembly in Jamaica was dia
solved
-
proclamation on Monday, the 12th of June,
end
were to take place in July.
cthe by
elections

A letter from Cumana, of as late a date as the 17th
of June, was yesterday received in town ; it came by
the Milanie to Bordeaux. Its Contents are chid)
mercantile, but it possesses considerable interest, inas-
much as it conveys the assurance that every thing was
perfectly tranquil up to that date ; this, of course, is a
favourable feature, as it chews that General Bermudaz,
who is Governor (and known to be inimical to the
measures of Paez), had not taken any steps against
him. Cumana is two day's journey from Caraccas.
Extract of a letter dated Palermo, July 17 :—"Our
holidays are just over, hut such is the depressed state
oi`the lace, that we cannot expect any improvement.
The Messina Decree will come out, it is said, at the
end of the month, and the Porto Franco will be con-
siderably
cramped, as it is understood the reduction on
duties will be only 5 per cent. instead of 15 per
cent., as heretofore • the town will be subjected to the
payment of the duties on all imports. Exchange
61 3.lothe
The fortifications of Bhurtpore have been demo-
lished ; the rin
were brown cipal bastions and parts of several cur-
tainsleft to the rains up on the 6th of February, and it is
bastitoon
Bourge, or " complete the ruin. The Futty
poreans vaunted, 43 victory," built as the Bhurt-
men who fell in the
wide the bones and blood of English-
men
the dest
assault under Lord Lake, is now
laid low, and among
rove
" white men permitted to fly ' ,era were some of those
who, after a period of twentyr fr°un her eternal walls,"
assault to witness her towers and
years, returned to the
to dust, to crumbling

THE FUNDS.

CITY, Twelve e Clock.

The. British Funds had a tendency to drop at the latter part of
the business of yesterday, chiefly, u it was supposed, from the re-
port of a heavy failure, which has proved untrue. This morning
Consols opened at 781, with the appearance of considerable firm-
ness, and they have since advanced to 78a ; at this price there
has not been any considerable transactions effected, but the mar-
ket looks well. In the Foreign Funds there is scarcely any busi-
ness, except in Mexican and Colombian Bonds, both these securities
look heavy and are lower ; Mexican are 521 ; Colombian 34 1.
Three per Cent. Consols, 784; Ditto for Account, 781 a;
India 4 per Cent. Bonds, 21 3 pith ; Exchequer Bills, 19 19
pm. ; 4 per Cent. Scrip, I 1 pm.
Foaxicx FuNns.—Brasilian, 59 61; Chilian, SR 40 ; Colom-
bian, 1822, 33 4 ; Ditto, 1924, 341 5 ; Mexican, i per Cents.
45 7 ; Ditto, 4 per Cent., 521 3 ; Peruvian, 26 9 ; Russian,
ssi; Greek, 121 ; Spanish, 101.
Mwas...Anglo Mexican, 474 24 dis. ; United Mexican, 9
8 dis. ; Brazilian, 14 15 pm. ; Bolivar, 4 pm. ; General Mining
Association,
puxahua, 30 pin:
_ -
pm. ; PASCO Peruvian 10 9 dis. ; Tlal-

SHARZS.--British Iron Company, 19 ?dia. ; Welch Iran and
Coal, 19 17 dia. ; Alliance Fire and Life, 617 per share; Pita°,
Marine, SI 4. . .

Two .'clock.

A very important improvement has taken place in the British
Securities, and considerable business transacted at higher prices,
particularly in Money Stock, Exchequer, and India Bonds,
the latter 'of which are in demand. Consols advanced to
7914, and are now '791 for account, and 79 for money ; the
Scotch Bankers are understood to have been heavy purchasers, and
Money Stock has consequently become scarce, the market con-
tinues to look very firm ; 3 per Cent. Reduced, 794 ;34 per
Cent. reduced, 861 7; 4 per Cents., 9411; New 4 per Cents.,
951 1; Exchequer Bills, 19 2() pm.; India Bonds, 25 pm. ;
Bank Stock, 202 203 ; India Stock, 230 2.
The Foreign Funds are rather better than in the morning.
Mexican had an advance of nearly it per Cent., but receded to
531 4; Colombian continue at 3.51 ; Brazilian and Buenos
Ayres, are each better ; the former.: are 60 to 61, the latter
55 7. Russian also has gone up, and may be quoted 831 4. In
Shares there is no material alteration. Brazil Mines are about 1
per cent. lower.

THREE O'CLOCK.
3 per Cent. Consols, 79 for account, sellers.
FOUR O'CLOCK--CLOSING PRICES.
Consols 79 * Danish Bonds 57* 8
Do. for Op. 79* Greek Do. 1825 12*
Brazilian Bonds 61 60 Mexican Do. 1825, 531
Buenos Ayres Do. 54* Peruvian Do. 27 64
Chilian Do. 41 41 Russian Do. 84
Columbian, 1824, 35 Spanish Do. 10