The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-10 00:00:00

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ode of bd
Eq., :M.P.; and John Bright, Esq., M.P.
141 m 114136 ion may be had on application at the Offices of
14litle. on Monday and Tuesday, between the hours of eleven
LT.oclock.
igt-ctrlillootions for Ilivate Boxes to be made personally, or by
1,1:oa Monday.
lit %dere of registered Members will admit, as heretofore, to the
ones. Doors to be opened at Half-past Six o'clock.

LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING
101 so DECEMBER 10, 1844.

No. 16,323.

titilsißAL of her late ROYAL HIGHNESS
kite.° the PRINCESS SOPHIA of GLOUCESTER
zll hereby given, that an EXTRA TRAIN for PAS-
,tiot, ~4 will leave the SLOUGH STATION, at Eleven
Ifht‘ °la Tuts Morn., the 10th inst., for the convenience
11.,_.°44 Wishing to return to London after the Funeral, which
.gbtriA;•,; ` to take place in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, at
",•Lock in the Evening.

GRAVESEND STAR PACKETS leave the
Brunswick Pier, Blackwall, at 11, 3, and 4 ; on Sundays at
11 and 3.
From Terrace Pier, Gravesend, at 91, 1, and 5 ; on Sundays at
91 and 5.
Fares to or from London.
Fore Cabin and Second Class Carriage, Ninepence.
Saloon and First Class Carriage, One Shilling.
To or from Blackwall.
Fore Cabin, Sixpence—Saloon, Ninepence.
Star Office, Gravesend, Nov. 29, 1844.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
The PROTEOSCOFE, a new apparatus for exhibiting
OPAQUE OBJECTS in Nature and Art, showing continued novelties.
The PHYSIOi,COPE, HYDRO-ELECTRIC MACHINE, DIVING-
BELL and DIVER, DISSOLVING -VIEWS, &c., &c. Dr. RTAN'S
LECTURE daily, and in the Evenings of Monday, Wednesday,
and Fridays. Professor BACIIIIOFFNER'S varied Lectures abound
in interesting experiments.
Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price.
A New Edition of the CATALOGUE, containing Three Hundred
additional Works of Art, &c., since the last revisal, is just published
price Is.

freight of the excrements of sea-fowl. It is not enough
that the revival of trade has occasioned new demands
for timber, and called into active employment many
bottoms which were scarcely earning their dock dues
in the Mersey. It is not enough that a good har-
vest has enabled us to bridge over for a season the
howling gulf which yawns for our commercial sys-
tem, under the name of the sliding-scale. These
acid
occurring
ipet u
ot3 masaythey mitdigoa, tethetyhe
mpitriegasstuereof;
o
course the discontent ; but amongst thinking people
—and in Lancashire we trust there are some few
who think—they cannot, they ought not, to mitigate
the undisguised contempt which is inseparable from
a contemplation of the course taken by the Tories
on the questions relating to Brazil. We will ven-
ture to say that so strong a case of national injury
was never before made out against a -party. It is
proved to demonstration. Mr. Ellis is our witness for
the last year ; the Viscount Abrantes would bear
testimony for the present. Sir R. Peel is plausible :
but this Brazilian indictment, speaking as it does
with a distinctness of accusation never hitherto sur-
passed ; charging him, as it will do, before the as-
sembled Commons, with sacrificing the best interests
of the country to selfish party purposes, and the trade
and commerce of the empire to objects purely fac-
tious ; this Brazilian indictment will bring the true
merits of the Whig budget and the Tory intrigue un-
reservedly before the public, and the merchants of
England will see more clearly than they hitherto
have done, the enormous price they pay for the Peel
Administration. It costs us, they will see, a conti-
nuance of the sliding-scale. It costs us a continuance
of the constant struggle which ascendancy introduced
into Ireland, and which ever and anon breaks out,
with greater or less intensity, as the fires of the social
volcano are inflamed or assuaged by circumstances.
It costs us in France obsequiousness to a Minister
who does not ratify his treaties—who, alone, of mo-
dern statesmen, holds his head aloft, and assumes
the privileges of conventional equality with
diplomatists of other countries, without the chivalry
of standing or falling by his acts. We have a great
respect for M. Guizot—his industrious life, his emi-
nence in literature, the general firmness and fixity of
his public life, entitle him to much consideration at
our hands; but really he ought to ratify his treaties.
No one knows Vattel better; he is deeply read in
Grotius and in Puffendorf; there is not a page in the
" Law of Nations" with which he is not conversant ;
but we defy him to show a precedent more fatal to
diplomatic intercourse than that which he has esta-
blished; and we firmly believe that had Lord Pal-
merston been in power, the Crown of England would
have been saved from the indignity, and the cause of
humanity would not have suffered so serious a dis-
couragement Last year Ministers introduced a Bill
for the admission of free sugar; but upon discovering
that the favoured-nation clause would let in the sugars
of Louisiana, and some other districts, the moral
principle gave way, the fixity of their scruples
disappeared, Mr. Gladstone took again to his Irna-
tius Loyola, and slave-grown sugar can come in.
When Lord Sandon moved his amendment, fixed
principles and a settled antipathy to slave productions
were the order of the day. Gentlemen who have
learned their emancipation lessons since the death of
Wilberforce presumed to lecture the associates of
that venerable man. The son of Mr. Gladstone re-
hearsed homilies on anti-slavery which would have
driven the old planter into hysterics ten years ago.
Sir R. Peel, who had never raised a finger for the
negro, but had borne their miseries with cheerful-
ness for many years, of a sudden turned fanatical,
and you would have thought that he had sent his
card to Mr. Buxton to recruit the militia of philan-
thropy. But when the Sugar Bill of 1844 came be-
fore the House of Commons, fixed principles in sugar
were placed upon the footing of fixed principles in
Church and State; and Sir R. Peel and Mr. Glad-
stone were as much prepared to vindicate the ano-
malous accidents of occasional incomings of slave
sugar as they were to draw distinctions between
coffee and muscovado. We have, therefore, much
faith in their want of fixity ;' we cannot suppose they
will lose the Brazils for the sake of an ounce weight
of consistency.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM VTR MORNING PAPERS OF TFIIS
TIMES.—It seems as if what people call emigra-
tion could never be purified of its abuses, or become
that great national development which it might and
ought to be, until the antipodes were actually brought
willan twelve hours' journey of this metropolis.
Mankind are prone to be taken in. Colonists are
men made to be cheated. These seem to be the
favourite apothegms of the emigration companies ;
and there is doubtless no small truth in them, though
very small morality. We must, unhappily, confess
that nothing short of gross, palpable, physical demon-
stration will ever enable Englishmen in needy cir-
cumstances to see that the hack woods of Canada,
or the wilds of New Zealand, are not every man's
El Dorado, or that intesested " emigation agents"
are :not the appointed and trustworthy instruments
for raising any given desert or solitude whatever into
the most flourishing and civilised of peopled cities.
We are not by any means sure, indeed, that the
time when there will be a railway to the antipodes
may not be nearer at hand than ordinary folks
dream ; but we despair, we must confess, of seeing
it in our own days altogether realised. New Zea-
land in the back parlour is the only thing that can
defeat the emigration jobbery ; and this is certainly
a consummation, as yet, more to be wished than
hoped for. European Princes, however, are already,
as we read, making " shooting excursions to Ceylon
and Bengal," and getting up tiger parties and ele-
phant battues to come off on. the Indus or the
Ganges, as quietly as people in -AN times used to
arrange a grouse campaign for the Highlands of
Scotland. "Royal visits" are already becoming
terrifically enterprising. British India is no longer
too distant for a European potentate's morning
call ; and the sport which is to be expected on
the Himalayas seems as if it would soon be a
fashionable attraction in European Courts. This
is all very promising; but even this annihilation
of space, and twice as much as this, is nothing to
what is wanted for the interests of emigrants. Emi-
gration companies have still a wonderful knack of
turning the impediments of time and space into ,
instruments of gain. We have now a poor gentleman,
whose memorial appears in another column,—who
complains that the New Zealand Company in Lon-
don has sold to him prime New Zealand land, war-
ranted of the first quality, which—after one year's
voyage and two more years fruitless search for it—
he has discovered never to have been in existence at
all. Why, could there be imagined a case less illus-
trative than this is of the extreme policy or practice
of the emigration companies? This is merely in the
ordinary line of business. This is only a specimen
of that ordinary line of business which is, in our opi-
nion, so infinitely more disgraceful to the inventors
and practisers of it, than it can possibly be uncompli-
mentary to the sagacity of its unfortunate dupes, that
we hardly like even to introduce this latter element
of consideration into the question at all. It were idle,
indeed, to think that land in New Zealand is to the
New Zealand Company in the same predicament as
land in Middlesex or Surrey ; or that it is equally
safe to deal with an emigration society for " warranted"
commodities lying beyond the Straits of Malacca as
for property situated only at the end of the Croydon
Railway. But when people will think so,—why, then
the Company say, " Whose fault is it that such belief
is turned to account?" Infatuation indeed ! To
imagine that an emigration company is to be trusted
on the point, of all others in the world, of a bargain
and sale of land! Why, for what other object is an
emigration company formed at all, if not for this, of
getting rid of supposed landed estates to would-be
emigrants ? Our memorialises case is undoubtedly
a hard one. He was, unfortunately, guilty of be-
lieving in the New Zealand Company. This was his
only fault. He purchased of them, " a section of land,"
he tells us, "in what is termed the second series
of the Company's settlements in New Zealand; and,
by the terms of his purchase (1), he was entitled to
choose the aforesaid section, not only in any of the
settlements or territories alleged to be then in posses-
sion of the Company, but also in any other they
might afterwards acquire !" This was in August,
1839. Unfortunate man! Deeply, indeed, did he
atone for his single error. How great a punishment
is involved in the making such a "purchase' as his !
A. section, too! Poor deluded individual ! We
wonder how much it was that he gave for his bar-
gain—how much was added to the price for his
liberty of choice—how much for the right of ranging
through all the vast domains which the Company
" might hereafter acquire." The memorialist does
not himself say how much he gave. " With the
fullest confidence," he shortly says,
he set out for
New Zealand. He had no more idea that he could
be imposed upon than if he had only had the Croydon
Railway instead of a brace of tropics between him-
self and his bargain. Innocent, unsuspecting crea-
ture! He went ! He went, and took his family
with him ; but when he got to the antipodes he
found, as most other people do, that he and his were
all precisely reversed ;—that he stood upon his head,
instead of upon his heels, as he had expected ; and, that,
among other wonderful transmutations, the " settle:
merits" of the New Zealand Company were "translated"
also. The roguery, in short, came out. After two years„
fruitless badgering with the Company's one " agent,
the unhappy memorialist found, after all, that his
magnificent right of choice was only a theory, and
had practical existence nowhere save in the bureaux
of the London Directory of the Company; and after
having been most effectually and completely " done"
in every possible way, the unhappy man returned
home in July, 1844, without either his family, his
money, or his land, to memorialise (but in vain) the
Colonial Secretary Such is the unhappy fate of
colonists who become such only on the speculation of
screwing a bargain out of those whose express and
only business it is to be bargained withal! Such is
emigration in the hands of an emigration company.
This poor gentleman's case is evidently not a singular
or by any means an uncommon one. It is a system.
People are led over to our colonies—settlements
are—it would be a mockery to say founded—but,
settlements are crudely thrown out, or swelled
to unwieldy numbers, merely and solely upon
the ground of the single assumed fact—a " fact
which, as in this instance, often turns out to
be entirely an assumption, and no fact at all
"
—that unoccupied land is to be had in New Zealand
or Canada, for which there are unoccupied buyers
here in England. The sole notion of colonisation
seems to be, in the eyes of one clasi of politicians in
this country, " Sell the land. The buyers will do
the rest." So everything is thus left to take care of
itself; and the practical result is, that sometimes even
the land, the sale of which was to be the great
foundation of the whole, turns out to be a mere fiction
and a sham, and the intended colonist only a ruined
and deluded dupe. Such is modern colonisation—
such is the system which we have to compare with
the great colonial developments of ancient Greece and
Rome—with the communities which sprang into life
and vigour at once, like Minerva armed from the head
of Jove, full-grown and perfect, the worthy and in
all respects complete imitation of the institutions and
framework of the parent state. We recommend the
contrast to the attentive consideration of Mr. Charles
Buller. He has already signified that he is by no
means blind to its existence ; we think that the more
it is considered, and the more public attention
becomes fixed upon our modern methods of
colonisation, the more remarkable will be found our
inferiority in this point to the heathen empires of old.
CHRONICLE.—The merchants of London are
to entertain Sir Henry Pottinger at dinner to-mor-
row. He is to receive a similar mark of the estima-
tion in which his services are held by the merchants
of Liverpool on Monday next. We trust that the
town of Liverpool, in commemorating the services
of Sir Henry Pottinger, will not forget those of
Viscount Sandon. The first has opened the trade
with China, the second has closed that with Brazil.
Sir Henry Pottinger is distinguished for the magni-
tude of his benefits ; Viscount Sandon for the unex-
ampled extent of his destructiveness. To the arms of
one, and to the faction of the other, we owe widely
different results. Under the guidanee of Lord Pal-
merston, the Baronet has enlarged the boundaries of
British power; and, without the injustice and other
questionable accompaniments of power which occa-
sionally detracted from their renown, has added, like
a Hastings or a Clive, a new hemisphere to the com-
merce of Englishmen. The latter, under the guidance
of Sir R. Peel, has obtained a notoriety scarcely less
distinctive, and has placed himself on a par in com-
mercial mischievousness with the author of the sliding-
scale. It is but fair, then, that a town like Liverpool,
which has so deep an interest in China and Brazil,
should give some little indication of her gratitude to
the diplomatist and also the statesman. The truth
is, that, like the Ministers, they are in a fix. Nothing
could be more agreeable to them, as Tories, than to
turn out the late Administration ; but nothing could
be more disagreeable to all, except West Indians,
than the loss of the extensive commerce with Brazil.
It is nbt enough that we have refuge in guano, and
have our shipping employed, in greater numbers than
could' have been believed three years ago, in the

By Order of the Directors,
Cittt CHAS. A. SAUNDERS, Secretary.
western Railway, Paddington Station, Dec. 10.

114 ROBBERY at Messrs. ROGERS and

- • CO.'S, the Bankers,
CAUTION.
the are respectffilly requested to pay particular attention
:40Tobers and Dates of all 51., 101., 20/., 301., 401., 501.,
IS4t 41?", 300/., 5001., and 1,0001. Bank of England Notes
5t44113 7 be offered in payment ; and before changing them to
Ifotti the same, and compare them with the Lists of the Bank
Stieniten from Messrs. Rogers and Co., and which have been
N--"I several times successively in the Daily and Weekly
Li
t ofsts
°rthe Stolen Notes may be had at all the Banking-houses,
Johif:irs. Rogers and Co., 29, Clement's-lane, Lombard-street;
toe C; °r Daniel Forrester, at the Mansion House; and at all
Nig? and Metropolitan Police Station-houses ; and of slr.
don. nobler, Solicitor, 26, Bucklersbury, Mansion House,

TO BOOKSELLERS, BOOKBINDERS, STATIONERS, &c.
WANTS a SITUATION, in Town or Country,
as BOOKBINDER, one who can Finish, Forward, and is
well-acquainted with stationery binding.' Can make himself useful
in general. Has a testimonial from his last employer, whom he has
served for several years.
Address, A. 8., 34, St. Martin's-lane, London.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.
CALLS for TENTH INSTALMENT of 5/. per SHARE on
1001. SHARES, and FINAL INSTALMENT of Si. per FIFTH
SHARE of 21/. each.
The Directors of the Great Western Railway having resolved at a
meeting, held this day, to call, under the provisions of the Acts of
Parliament for as instalment of 51. per Share on 1001. Shares, and
also an instalment of 81. per Share on the Fifth Shares of 201. each,
Notice is hereby given, that the Proprietors are remtested to pay, on
or before the 6th day of January next, to any of the undermentioned
Bankers the said sum of Si. on each of their respective 100/. Shares,
and the said sum of 6/. on each of their respective Fifths Shares,
viz.:—
London ......Messrs. Glyn, Halifax, Mills, and Co., at the Great
Western RailWay-OffiCe, 29, Cateaton-street, City.
Bristol .. • ...Messrs. Miles, Harferd, and Co.
If Messrs. Elton, Baillle, Ames, and Co.
Stuckey's Banking Company.
The West of England and South Wales District Bank.
Liverpool.• .. The Bank of Liverpool.
Chelteiham • . The County of Gloucester Bank.
Reading . •. • •Messrs. J. and C. Simonds and Co.
By order of the Board of Directors,
CHAS. A. SAUNDERS, Secretary.
London Terminus, Paddington, sth Doe., 1844.

ACCOUNTS.
AGENTLEMAN of EXPERIENCE in BAN K-
RUPT and other A:counts (having part of his time only
employed) would be glad to render his services to parties who may
require them, and to whom moderate terms would be an object.
Address, post paid, W. 8., 16, Broad-street.buildings, City.

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LONDON, CHATHAM, and NORTH KENT
„The Da RAILWAY.
th-.OVISIONAL COMMITTEE think it right to state
m% gee Sections and Books of r ence, were duly
With the Clerks the Peace, and at the Board of Trade,
30th ultimo, in compliance with the standing orders of
zmient
, r„
wuh:"llmittee also give notice that they cannot receive any
aPPlications for Shares.
u' AU stl •
n-fr iars, Dec. 9. 1844.

-
pncENix FIRE-OFFICE, LOMBARD-
STREET and CHARING.CROSS.
Notice is hereby given, that the portion of the 10th condition of
the Policies of this Company which entitles the Company in cases
of loss to require a CERTIFICATE from the MINISTER and
CHURCHWARDENS, and other RESPECTABLE HOUSE-
HOLDERS, is hereby declared to be DISPENSED with.
THOS. RICHTER, Secretary.

LICENSED VICTUALLERS' PROTECTION
SOCIETY.
"roUait to the Rules, the ELEVENTH GENERAL AN-
14,.2°EETING of this SOCIETY will be held To-bioaßow,
krfkor'brir, the 11th instant, at half past Two for Three o'clock
„Stet ), at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, Strand, to receive the
'tole .°t. the Committee; also to elect Committeemen in lieu of
Th,r,slng out by rotation, and on other business.
%Ilk; "Lair will be taken' at Three o'clock precisely, and the
"mrlediately proceeded with.
order of the Chairman and Committee of Management.
Otice T. SMITH, Secretary.
;thew Bridge-street, Dec., 1844.
Otht,i_etendance of Licensed Victuallers, whether members or
is earnestly requested by the Committee.

NATIONAL MERCANTILE LIFE ASSU-
RANCE COMPANY, Arthur-street West, London-bridge.

EMPLOYMENT.—Persons having a little time
to spare are apprised that Agents continue to be appointed in
London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY,
of the sale of their celebrated teas.
Offices, No. 9, Great St. Helen's-churchyard, Illshopsgate-street.
They are packed in showy leaden canisters, front one ounce to a
pound, with the price and-weight ntarked on each packet, and but
ittle trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only I Is. per
=nun, and many during the last nineteen years have realised con-
siderablAe inmes by the agency without ene shilling
t-p let or loss.
Application to be made (if by letter posaid) as above.
FOR GE RY.—CAUTION.—Some unprincipled
persons are advertising spurious Teas under a forged title, in
the hope of passing them off as Captain PIDDING'S TEAS. Pur-
chasers of his Howqua's Teas will observe that all genuine packages
bear his signature thus—" Captain John Rhodes ridding, Hon. Com-
pany's Service." The advantages possessed by Captain Pidding—
among others, the having seemed for himself the exclusive importa-
tion of these Teas—are the result of eight voyages made to China,
and flvo years spent in that country.
Captain ridding has only two agents in London—Verrey, 229, Re-
gent-street, corner of Hanover-street ; also 3, Pall-mall, next the
Haymarket ; and T. Littlejohn and Son, 77, King William-street, City.
For country agencies, address to Captain ridding, College-hill.

Established in 1837.
Lives continue to be assured in this Office ON EVERY KNOWN
SYSTEM—Annuities immediate and deferred.

ADVANTAGES.
A BONUS of TWO-THIRDS of the PROFITS allotted to the
assured.
LOWER RATES of PREMIUM elaarged for assurances without
Profits.
PREMIUMS payable Annually, Half-yearly, or Quarterly.
AMONGST OTHER DESCRIPTIONS of ASSURANCES granted
by this Office, is the important one, originated by the Society, of
securing a sum to the assured—himself on his attaining any given
age, or to his family in the event of his earlier death.
CREDIT ALLOWED (without Security) for One-half the amount
of the first Five Annual Premiums, paying interest thereon at ii.
per Cent. per annum.
FRED. BANKART,
JOHN L. EVANS, 3 Secretaries.

CHEAPEST TALLOW CANDLES
eetb-fioset who burn these are recommended to make one trig
'We IZ,_PRICE'S PATENT CANDLES do not give so much
Tile.. at as to be in reality cheaper.
tr,Serjiry be had of respectable dealers throughout the kingdom,
16_ taken to prevent any imitations being passed off as the
td;''' Can ,rci dies; and the Trade may obtain them wholesale from
114,ttotePt_treiecte,aciliderCkeon.,wBeenlmont, Vauxhall, and Palmer and Co.,

NATIONAL MERCANTILE LIFE
ASSURANCE SOCIETY,
Arthur-street West, London-bridge.
The Directors, Members, and Friends of this Society will Dine
together at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate.street Within,: on
MONDAY, the 23d inst., at Five o'Clock precisely.
ROBERT WILCOXON, Esq., in the Chair.
Tickets, One Guinea, to be had at the Office of the Society, of
the Stewards, and at the Bar of the London Tavern.
Dec. 7, 1844.
."- •

COGAN and GILLO'S NOVARGENT, or
SILVER SOLUTION, re-silvers worn-out Plated Articles,
by immediately depositing a Coating of Pure Silver on the surface,
and Preserves and cleanses Silver, Plated ware, and German
Silver. It is used with less trouble than cleaning, and is war-
ranted not to contain Mercury or anything injurious. It has been
highly approved by Dr. Ryan, Professor of Chemistry to the Royal
Polytechnic Institution , and other eminent Chemists and Silversmiths.
Sold wholesale by BARCLAY and SONS, 95, Farringdon-street,
Loudest; and by JOSEPH RODGERS :and SONS, 6, Norfolk-street,
Sheffield ; and to be had in bottles, with full directions, at Is. and
3s. eac9, of all the principal Chemists, Silversmiths, and Furnishing
Ironmongers in the Kingdom.
BEWARE OF IMITATION.—The genuine are all signed on the
wrapper, oy the Inventors, I. D. COGAN and R. GILLO.

CABINET UPHOLSTERY, Carpet, Blanket,
blil ~1 Ber,'bliledding Manufactory, at the LONDON FRIENDLY
u
,_llO- 16, Great Windmill-street, Haymarket, late Dr.
tiorlt ' Museum. Saving of 30 to 50 per cent., no other profit
'ttlu,4Plired than sufficient to defray the expenses. Established
.111: „11°1° Purpose of giving employment.
that tl'eotornittee beg to
tondoacqaint the Subscribers and the public,
1,/tibstent! are determined
anent work, Work, and as they have had every facility in. procuring.
ttrelsand best wood London can produce, the Cabinet Furni.
of et ijnade of the most seasoned materials ; and all goods disposed
b"4 Establishment will be warranted. They therefore, being
, Rbetielkinanufacturers, earnestly solicit a trial, as the only criterion
tan be ;the merits and decided advantages of purehroing of them
44 fairly estimated. The Establishment is likewise a depot
teived kinds of Fancy and Ornamental Work, which will be re-
of,, Poor families from all parts of the kingdom.
kark-:‘°4 Friendly Union, No. 16, Great Windmill-street, Hay-
late Dr.n Hunter's Museum.

LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY
SOC
AUSTRALASIAN, COLONIAL, AND GENERAL LIFE
ASSURANCE and ANNUITY SOCIETY.
Capital 200,0001., in 2,000 Shares.
DIRECTORS.
Edward Barnard, Esq., F.R.S. Gideon Colquhoun, Esq.
Robert Brooks, Esq. Charles E. Mangles, Esq.
henry Buckle, Esq. Richard Onslow, Esq.
John Henry Capper, Esq. William Walker, Esq.
SECRETARY—Edward 10*ley, Esq.
The following are specimens of the premiums charged by this Corn.
pany for the assurance of 1001.
Age.

W. CROFTON, Secretary.

UNDID FIGURED SATIN and SILK
A
; rich Figured and Plain Silk Taberets for
evßilk
Ivais
~..-"'ellrtains • ' Gentlemen's Velvet, Satin, and Fancy
or tcoat.piee .
Ladies' Silk Handkerchiefs and Scarfs,
tsetu:,;/ description' 'of Spitalfields and other British manu-
Drort a saving of from 30 to 50 per cent., no other
/*les, being required than is sufficient to defray the ex.-
eeeinai Also a depet for the sale of all kinds of Fancy and Orna-
tol,lbnWork, which is received from poor families, at the
,treet us'il FRIENDLY UNION, No. 16, Great 'Windmill-
-4'l44aYrnarket, late Dr. Hunter's Museum. Established for
TheeelMrPese of giving employment.
"try „Z.Mmittee beg to acquaint the Subscribers and public that
of
the tfe disposed of at this Establishment will be warrantedr
slrectfuliV manufacture and the finest materials; they al so e -
the
Lori m
cio hrniirellll
the tpreference.
he Subscribers that artisans recommended by
karket--, InatePrDieNl
i
Y Union, No. 16, Great Windmill-street, Hay-
._ r. Hunter's Museum. - - .

1.1
sef
'3; 4
...11
5 I
S 0
1.16 ! 0

W. CROFTON, Secretary.

i,s•• f fel
00t
red f 0
„ii
f 0'
)
Of 111°; dr
renel
nevatr
t`'
and
;IC
es. -03
1111,

INT THE REST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION.
ORT
ON'S CAMOMILE PILLS are confi-
ztiuff.e.ren from
mrecommended as a simple, but certain remedy, to all
Indigestion, Sick Headach, Bilious and Liver Corn-
they act as a powerful tonic and gentle aperient, ;impart.
goit..enlilth to the stomach, and composure to the nervous system.
loußtiZtp bottles at is. 1 34(1., 2s. 9.1., or 113., each, by A. 11-
44h"1 and Co., late B. G. Windus, 61, Bishopsgate Without,
s***!ZtlY all Medicine Vendors.

THE WEATHER.
THE ACCIDENTS ON THE ICE, &c.
The slight fall of snow which took place during Sun
day night did not have any material effect in diminish
ing the severityof the frost which had previously existed.
At seven o'clock yesterday morning the mercury in the
thermometer at the Receiving-house, Hyde-park, steod
as low as 24 ; at noon it had reached 27 degrees, and
varied throughout the afternoon from that point to 29k
up to six o'clock, when it rose to 32, the freezing point.
The wind throughout the day continued blowing, though
not severely, from the N.N.E.
The Parks were, from an early hour, again thronged
by respectably-dressed people. The ice on the Serpen-
tine and the round pond of Kensington-gardens had, in
consequence of the continued frost during the night of
Sunday, considerably improved in condition, but still in
many parts it was exceedingly dangerous, and in no few
instances were the services of the icemen called into re-
quisition. With the exception of several immersions,
no accident of anything like a serious character occurred.
It is computed that from 8,000 to 10,000 persons must
have been on the Serpentine during the day.
In the Regent's Park, although the snow which fell
during the previous night rendered the surface of the
ice on the ornamental waters, through its adhesion to it
during the earlier part of the day, exceedingly dangerous,
still the ice itself was fuund in excellent condition, and
upwards of two inches and a half in thickness. Through-
out the day this place was visited by several thousand
persons. The only casualty which occurred was to a
young gentleman, named Bingham, a medical student,
residing in Maida Vale, Edgware-road, who, coming in
violent collision with a gentleman who was skating in an
opposite direction, was thrown down and received a
severe fracture of the right thigh. Being in company
with several friends, a cab was procured, and he was at
once conveyed to his residence. Although the members
of the Skating Club have not yet pitched their tent in
this Park, a number of its members were observed,
during the day, enjoying this healthful recreation. The
spot selected by them was not, as usual, facing Sussex-
terrace, but in the more secluded part of the ornamental
water, near the Marquis of Hertford's villa.
The number of persons on the lake of St. James's
Park was limited, in consequence of the extreme in-
security of the ice ir. many places, owing to breakages
made therein for the aquatic birds, and also on account
of the accident which had taken place on Sunday. It
is now feared that several persons were on that occa-
sion drowned. During the day the Humane Society's
men have been employed in dragging, and what con-
firms this belief is, that three or four bats bave been
found, and the reporter was informed that one of them
had been identified by a female as belonging to her son,
who had not been home since he went out on Sunday
afternoon. Up to seven o'clock last evening, however,
no bodies had been found.

.ANTICIPATIONS OF CHRISTMAS.
Who would not pen a simple rhyme
To welcome Christmas—merry time ?
Who would not picture with delight
The festive scenes so gay and light?
Who would not proudly raise their voice
And bid the human heart rejoice—
For Christmas, with its merry train,
Approaches blithely on again!
As " salutations" hail the time,
Why, " Hyam" would with truth combine
His grateful thanks he would express
For public favours and success I
And prove by sterling truth and deeds
How well his system now succeeds.
The parting year surpasses all
The "past" that memory can recal
And future efforts will display
Of clothing a superb array ;
So to your form a grace impart,
014 AM visit Hyam's splendid Mart 1
II 1.: e ieesreh slaina
1: led
Iftiri P
,garments at this establishment are marked the
figures from which no abatemen is made. Any
which is net approved of, or themoney returned.
"'Lite_ ,;3,, Tailoring and Outfitting Establishment, Fantech.
itt ' ug, Oracechurch.street.
%intim . READY-MADE DEPARTMENT.
•,:to13,0:1' Chesterfield coats, from Le 0 e
Waterford Riding ditto, from 0 12 0
~,,:ir 1.4, or
;St :€!!lan Envelope, from
;v Walking Coat, from
Ditto
li's b. Youths' Taglionis, or Chesterfields, from III 6
~,,,fhl a..'..eli. s Coats, any colour, from
1 5 I
zttte ts:rtout ditto, ditto, from .
No Tao
Trousers, from ...
Vtts i`to Vest, from
Ditto
t.weed Trousers, from . 0 7 6
(Atte amekskin Trousers, from
l'U- 41e's.aricY Vest, from
iih tut, from
„legervairitNit, from
.14,, ""leskin Trousers, from .., 0 2 6
'Oft ''' ditto
ee r , very best quality, rule pocket, from •.. 0 6 6
"ats, from
.t4kl' BESPOKE DEPARTMENT.
01 istil ir
Itenlyll _ Chesterfield Coats, from 0 15 0
aint i "it Waterford Riding ditto, from 1 0 0
ikt' an Envelope, from
tJa. mi,‘'sliaiking Coat, from... 1 10 0
Ditto
br., Youths' Taglionis and Chesterfields, from Ol2 II
04, `ss Coats, any colour llO 0
uitto --atouts, ditto f
Ditto 13°"kifi Trousers' m
Ditto ti..., any pattern, from ...
p:.4 dress Trousers, from •• •• 0 18 0
4, ~,44}410nable Vests, in endless variety, from .....• 0 7 0
4._ ',lto, g
—.IIIK 1.) o°k, entitled " The Age of Wonders," containing a
1:;* ores Ist of Prices, Fashions, and Description of material for
kitee-," season, can be had by applying to Mr. L. HYAM,
.....::_xletheca, 56, Graoccharchatreet, London.

)o.the
Qd r 0
itlietPe
of, 4
t°
for

to i 0
be Tog
re fi
rid
is 11 tt'e
fled hg
v-fy
6

tii°
3gsllle
)cii!oell
'jecillidili
not 1

THE WARWICK AND LEAMING
TON RAILWAY. _

runLic NOTICE.
TO ,„ 4114, OXFORD-STIIEET.
-‘IIPPERS, OWNERS, CAPTAINS, AND OTHERS.
hqb, Copies of Testimonials, Gratis, by all Agents.
411.NISTONE'S EYE SNUFF.—Under the
Jatronage of his late Majesty, her Royal Highness the
tan2Q-4,l'i thei the Lords ot the Treasury, is uninivers.ailryders-
tatident to the
Faculty for its efficacy in remov g
1(4 u Eyes and Head.
FIT RESTORED!—NERVOUS HEADACHE AND
ItsDEAFNESS URED!
tillY the most simple, dclighttul, Cand fragrant Compound!
tel havid, "21 application is fraught with pleasure; many thousand
• .e peen accomplished by its use, at a trifling
Its operation If testimonies be necessary toinduce the
16 Make trial, 'Kings Lords, and Commons have used ,
sesh tie—.rkus of the treasury have sanctioned its use. Their late 114.7
4-t• seti'ti`ne Duchess of Kent, the most eminent Oculists, Medicalo
,t'aners--with that gigantic balance, the Press—have eulogised.
4°ce, cTe's celebrated Herbaceous Compound, known as G
then Snuff," for its efficacy in removingall diseasesj incident-
II Lech.
El and Head. G. J. Guthrie ,Ese, F.R.S.K See J. calls it
tillatio,ll.,ly-etter, Whitehall. Dr. Thomas. 1. Andrews
:Aix,,,'em.,_ mg—see his Reports touching it)sr'utility.The late
na-etnY, with many others, recommend
.Grimstone's Eye
:becli'ca.a..- call " Man's best Friend," and the tudent's Vade
sepjit .?ndrews also recommends its use as a preventive. See his
NuVe I!"31. He states that the tenacious sympathy of the
tosn,,Bata. within the nostrils, with the nervous system, that Grun-
ntlegt re Snuff, when frequently takeo, must be of the greatest
• the consumer • and, further, recommends its universal
k .143 a Preventative: u44' .110ta
ktie aS, of Hatfield, having witnessed many cases both of
t‘A rev 11R1 ophthalmia, has kindly given his testimony thereof.
the man tin usand Testimonials of Sight restored and
To es:lire,' by GYRIMSTONE'S EYE SNUFF :
r,..Griinstone Esq " April 2Oth,
ths 17ra
= feel b'oundb a sense of justice to inform you of
the fat 4eulous cure fl• t iYor myself by taking a few pinches of
rather celebrated Geraneestone's' I:ye Snuff which, in my case, ought
dea.,t'3 be Called Ear
have'Snuff' it having c'ff-ctually relieved
Youom
aolth'i.i4tnegfenaarp,,svhich I been suffering for many years. are
any use you please of this communication, since
esouldnot cell
lv regret if the extraordinary qualities of your Eye Sollff
kr
Grant " I amm,'tle.na'r Sir, your obedient servant,
=4
__ on, Scotland. " MARGARET IMACGREGOR.
Alan vouch for the truth of the foregoing facts and statemen
"maY t, 1144.
w JAMES SH ITTER, Kentbury, Berks."
=fli Reynolds, editor of Charnisurs' London Journal, Ste.. tke.
,jAI ,of .uf excruciating pa'ns, and can now write without spectacles
di,,,,r2e Les,pls, facing the church Park-street Wiadsor; cured
cf light and headache.-9th S• ptcinher, 1338, and )843.
-'`tchskrachfield, Esq. ; cured of Ophthalmia. Whitehall and
014,, House Tavern.—See his letters, 1838 and 1842.
and sk,„ ,
the Caution __W, GRHSISTONE is the sole inventor,
ThiB- (ermine is —prep'sred by kim
doriferous Herbaceous Compound
pound dof Herbs is sold in
I:,'*Priet„;tat„,EQ., ls. 3d., Id., 4s. Id., Bs., und 15s. ed. each,,,hy the
GRIMSTONE at No. 434, Oxford-street, lotten-
Prd th Her end
_Cate of No. IS, Eroad-street, BloorosIsurY),
wisr
Highple • and can also Ise obtained allpers the
and A a to
lebrat'm`-'4l)t&ns,Aawnis and all Cities Vendors of Griliberal mstone'sllowance Eve Snuff Thlll
hein riss to all quarters of the globe, and retains
it. Rik qualities in every climate All Snuffs arid Cigars shipped
An shortest notice.
quantity can be forwarded through the General
ill coat
itx,),o on in like proportio
'444Y HIGLIGA E

- - -
LEAMINGTON, MONDAY EVENING.—To-day this
line, connecting Coventry, Kenilworth, Leamington,
and Warwick, by means of the London and Birming-
ham Railway, with the metropolis, was opened. The
line is about nine miles long, and 120 from town,
being within four hours' journey of the. metropolis.
It has been constructed under the superintendence of
Mr. Robert Stephenson, is what is technically called
a single line, has cost 170,0001., and has taken 18 months
to complete. On Monday last the Directors of the
London and Birmingham made an experimental trip
over it, accompanied by Major-General Pasley, the
Government Inspector of Railways, starting by the
six o'clock, A.ar., train from London, and after exa-
mining the most important points upon the line,
reached Leamington at twelve, and partook of a cold
collation. They returned by special train to town,
General Pasley expressing himself highly satisfied
with the works and general engineering. One of the
main advantages of this extension will be the facilities
it will confer on the inhabitants of the southern dis-
tricts of Warwickshire for the economical supply of
coals. The line is of a singular construction, being
a continued series of ascents and descents, form-
ing an undulating surface from terminus to
terminus. Kenilworth, the only station betweei
Coventry and Leamington, is five miles from the
former, and three and three-quarters from the
latter, is situated on the outskirts of the town, and
within a stone's throw of the castle. It is built of
Kenilworth stone. The Leamington station is ele-
gantly constructed in the Roman Doric style, and is
situate in the main road between Leamington and
Warwick, at a place called Emscott, in the parish
of Millverton. A continued series of cuttings and
embankments occur throughout the distance. The
branch diverges, by a sharp curve, out of the main
line at Coventry, and preserves an undulatory course
to Leamington, a perpetual impetus being kept up
between the ascents and descents. One of the prin-
cipal works is that of the Milburn viaduct, prettily
situated in the centre of a valley, and composed of
seventeen arches of red brick faced with stone. Then
follows a timber bridge of fifty feet span, uniting
the roads of Leek-Wootton, Hill-Wootton, and
Stoneleigh, with Guy's Cliffe—so named after the
celebrated Earl of Warwick. The Avon viaduct, a

(-
-u~j~~ ia` u--=~-

PRICE sd.

THE SUN is Published EVERY MORNING at FIVE O'CLOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY ; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time for the ;AFTERNOON TRADVA
and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, containing PARLIAMENTARY and all other NEWS in LONDON up ki that flour.
ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insur a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

beautiful structure, is composed of nine arches of
sixty feet span, in the neighbourhood of the pro-
perty of the Hon. B. Percy. The Leamington sta-
tion is somewhat inconveniently placed at a dis-
tance of one mile from both Leamington and
Warwick, and the fact of its being only
a single line is probably attributable to the
extortionate demands on the Company for land, which
in some instances had to be purchased at 7001. and
8001. per acre. The principal part of the line runs
through the estate of the Earl of Warwick and Lord
Leigh, the latter of whom has had the family escut-
cheon engraved in very beautiful style in large
granite characters in the front of one of the bridges.
The first train to-day started from the Leamington
station at twenty minutes past eight in the morning,
its departure being witnessed by a large proportion of
the population of the town, who continued during the
day to throng the various avenues to the line, await-
ing the arrival and departure of the trains, which
performed the distance (nine miles) in between
eighteeen and twenty minutes. The event was cele-
brated by a public dinner of the inhabitants at the
Regent, the principal hotel in the town, where about
100 gentlemen sat down to a sumptuous dinner pre-
pared by Messrs. Breach and Jeffry. Captain Mus-
grove, R.N., took the chair, supported by Dr.
Jephson, Hon. Colonel Cathcart, lion. W. Somer-
ville, Dr. Middleton, Rev. H. Harper, Captain Mor-
gan, Mr. Hanbury, Mr. Drinkwater, and several of
the fashionable residents.
Formerly the distance between Coventry and
Leamington occupied about an hour and a half ; by
rail the distance will be done in eighteen minutes.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS

FROM THE MORNING rAPERS OF THIS DAT.
CITY, MONDAY EVENING.
TIMES.—The plans for the 220 railways having been
all sent in for the examination of the Board of Trade,

the numerous parties interested in these undertakings
are of course becoming anxious as to the fate of the
various schemes. As yet it is not known whether the
Board of Trade will reserve the expression of their
opinion for the opening of Parliament, or whether they
will accept any plan for communicating their decisions
at once. Many of the proprietors hope that the latter
course will be adopted, considering that it will be very
tedious to wait for three or four months before they
learn the fate of their property. A letter addressed by
the Board of Trade to the directors, informing them of
their opinion, would probably be the most welcome form
of communication. So great would be the weight of
the Board of Trade in influencing Parliament, that if
their approval is obtained, the projectors do not seem
to anticipate any fatal obstacle on the part of the Legis-
lature, notwithstanding the ordeal of Committees.
In support of the movement which is now making to
obtain a repeal of the import duty on cotton wool, two
tables have been published in the Glasgow Argus, show-
ing the competition of the British spinner with those of
Europe and America. These tables contain the decimal
series of yarns, from No. 10 to No. 100, but a notion of
the results may be given by taking only the extreme
numbers. The import duty amounts to 5-16ths of a
penny, and 5 per cent. per lb., with 1-16th of a penny
for duty on waste. In the first table, which shows the
competition of our spinners with these of Europe, under
No. 10 there appears 3.50 d. for cost of material, 104
as the per centage of pressure of duty on that cost,
land 61 es the per centage of pressure of duty on the
cost of the twist. Under No. 100, the figures to these
three items are respectively 14d., 21 per cent., and
11 per cent. ; and hence the table shows that the
pressure of the duty on the low numbers is unequal
as compared with that on the high numbers. The cost
of the cotton in the above calculation is estimated at the
present market price in Great Britain. in the second
table, which shows the competition with the American
spinners, the cost of the cotton is estimated at the price
of the port of shipment of America. Under No. 10, the
cost of material is set down at 2.75 d., the per centage of
pressure on material at 13k, the per centage on cost of
twist at S per cent. Under No. 100 these items are, re-
spectively, 13.25 d., 3 per cent., and 1- per cent. There
is also 6-I6ths of a penny per lb. paid by the British
spinner, as extra freight and insurance, more than the
American spinners. This, added to the duty, dives a
pressure of 12-16ths per lb., and this pressure on raw
material and on twist gives two additional items. The
pressure on No. 10 is 27 per cemt. on raw material, and
16 per cent. on twist ; while on No. 100 it is 6 per cent.,
and 2i per cent.
CIIRONICLE.—We had lost sight of the proposed
" Dunedin Bank" in Edinburgh. It has, however, been
brought forward in a different, or at least modified, and
judging from the programme of business proposed for
the first meeting, which takes place on the 12th instant,
apparently in a successful shape. It is now before the
public as a Non-issuing Bank, and it is said that 200,000 L
of the intended capital, all of which is to be paid up by
instalments, has been already subscribed. Should this
bank be established, it will form quite a new feature in
the history of Scotch banking. Mach pains seems to
have been bestowed by its promoters in the preparation
of the plan and details, amongst which wo observe it is
intended to reduce the time for regulating the exchange
between Edinburgh and London to eleven days, and to
make advances on the security of wholesale warehouse
stocks and bales of goods above a certain value.
SUN.—English Stocks have gone up again this afternoon
Consols having attained the high price of 100 - for the
opening, without the dividend. Exchequer Bills were
58s. premium ; and New Three-and-a-Quarter per
Cents. remained firm at 103.
Spanish were heavy at 241 for the Five per Cents.,
and 361 for the Three per Cents.; Portuguese Con-
verted were quoted 56 to j ; Russian were 1191 to ie
and Dutch Five per Cents. brought 991.
The additional transactions in Railway Shares have
been these :—Bristol and Exeter were 11 ; Cambridge
and Lincoln, t ; Churnet Valley, It to 1 ; Edinburgh
and Glasgow, 12; Great Southern and Western (Ire-
land), 3i; Great North of England, 21 ; Ditto, New,
12 to *; Birmingham, 120 ; Ditto, Thirds, 361; Ditto,
Quarters, 241 to 23i; South-Western, 44*; Croydon,
21 ; Lynn and Ely, 1; North British, -1; NOrthen and
Eastern, 121; ; Richmond and West-End Junction, 11;
Rugby, -1; Trent Valley, 7 to q; York and North Mid-
land, 521; Orleans and Vierzon, 9* ; and Orleans and
Bordeaux, 4:1. premium. South Devon were at par;
London and Westminster, 6a ; Union of Australia, 2 ;
Ditto, New, ; and Union of London, 24 premium.
We have not yet heard of the West India ma:l, but
some information is expected to-morrow. It is proper
,o observe that it is only just due.

ROWING MATCH.

The great scullery' contest between William Robins,
of Horsleydown, and Thomas Coombes, of Millbank,
came off yesterday, and, had it taken place at any-
thing like a seasonable period, would, no doubt, have
proved highly attractive. Notwithstanding the in-
clemency of the weather, iMessrs. Chapman, Bump-
stead, Earnshaw, and other members of the great
aquatic clubs, with a tolerable sprinkling of general
company, were present te witness it, and accompa-
nied the men throughout the entire distance. The
race was for 101. aside, and the distance from West-
minster to Putney, with tide. Coombes is the brother
of the champion, and, under his very able training
end tuition, has, during the past three or four sea-
sons, distinguished himself as an oarsman and sculler,
more particulrrly in a race amongst picked men for
the iron steam-boat sovereigns. Robins is but little
known to the public, his principal performance being
an oars' wager with Lett, in which they won the
Duke of Buccleuch's purse last season. Both men
have been in severe training for the present contest,
and a first-rate exhibition was expected, but in this
the public were disappointed, it being one of the most
uneven runaway races on record. The men m.
their appearance at half-past twelve, at Westminster-
bridge, when Mr. Bumpstead having consented to be
referee, they went to their stations—Coombes, who
had won the choice, to a pier near the centre, on the
Middlesex side, and his opponent to the next on the
south side. The start was taken evenly and well;
but before they had cleared the new Houses of Par-
liament, Robins had almost drawn his boat clear of
his adversary, and, at the horseferry, was a full length
a-head. Coombes laboured hard to obtain the first
place, but from this moment to the termination of the
race never had a shadow of chance. Robins was two
lengths a-head at Vauxhall, eight or ten at Batter-
sea, and went through Putney-bridge the winner by
upwards of two hundred and fifty yards. Robins has
considerably the advantage of his opponent in weight ;
but his rowing of yesterday shows that he will be a
' I very powerful antagonist to any first-rate man.
- -

71/

SIR HENRY POTTINGER —Nearly the whole of the
tickets for the Liverpool banquet to Sir Henry Pot-
tinger have been sold off, and the subscriptions for the
Liverpool testimonial to the distinguished Baronet are
on the increase. Accommodation can only be afforded
at the banquet for 392 gentlemen. The subscriptions
for the testimonial exceed 1,0001. In Manchester the
subscription exceeds 2,350/., and the banquet in that
town is fixed for the 20th instant. The Mayor of Man-
chester will preside on the occasion. A suggestion has
been thrown out that the whole of the funds collected in
London, Liverpool, and Manchester should be united,
with the view of presenting Sir Henry with. a te.sq-
monial of surpassing magnificence ; but we beheye it Is
a suggestion not very likely to be adopted.—Laverpool
Albion.
The two leading authorities, the Senate and College
of Elders, of Hamburgh, have declared themselves in
favour of the emancipation of the Israelites. The rea•
son assigned for this measure is, principally, the im-
mense sacrifices which the Haniburgh Jews have made
for the relief of the numerous victims of the great fire of
May, 1842.

Jl2c~--v~'l
i

SANITARY IMPROVEMENTS IN .7
MANCHESTER.

:'r7ll" r
A few months age an unanimous re:eluti,o;t. wee
passed by the Town Couneil of Manchester, rt-com-
mending the Improvement Committee to apply a portion
of the very ample funds accruing from the Gas Works,
the property of the corporation, to the purpose of open-
ing out the ends of close courts and alleys, so as to
secure a thorough ventilation of the places in which the
working classes reside. In the discussion which took
place on the motion, it was stated, from the evidence of
Dr. Southwood Smith, Mr. P. Holland, and a number
of other gentlemen of high professional reputation,
that the rate of mortality in ill-paved, ill-drained,
and ill-ventilated alleys and courts was very much
beyond the general average, and nearly double the
rate that prevailed in first-class streets, the re-
sidences of persons whose circumstances enabled
them to choose their locality. It W also
stated, to show the practicability of a great
sanitary improvement, that in a great number of in-
stances the removal of a few small cottages here and
there, and the pulling down of walls and sheds, which
separated court from court, would give some long lines,
throughout which a current of wholesome air, hitherto
exclAed, might be directed.
The Improvement Committee, entering zealously
into the spirit of the Council's recommendation, ap-
pointed a sub-Committee to the arduous task of per-
sonally visiting all the more closely-built districts
of this closely-built town, to ascertain where sani-
tary improvements were required, and how they
reight be made. The evidence, during their first two
or three days' investigation, presented to their senses
of sight and smell, but too strongly corroborated the
truth of the statements made by the medical autho-
rities quoted. The reading of their report to the Ge-
neral Council, from which the following is an ex-
tract, was heard with deep interest :
" No. 5 is a range of courts of irregular width, the
approaches to which are from Long Millgate through
narrow entries. These courts are crowded with inha-
bitants living, or, more properly speaking, confined in
abodes which are not only destitute of every arrange-
ment conducive to comfort and health, but surrounded
by a mass of filth sufficient to appal the.mind of any one
accustomed to the comforts arising from clean and
airy dwellings. Your Committee cannot refrain from
expressing their surprise that the malaria engen-
dered in these localities, and which is so fatal to the
poor people living in them, has not proved more
extensively disastrous in the surrounding neighbour-
hoods. Your Committee are of opinion that the
whole of these courts might be ventilated by the
formation of a street from Miller-street to Barlow's-
court running along the top of the courts, and which
would, at the same time, very much facilitate the
intercourse of the inhabitants; and although the dis-
tance is considerable, the expense would be compara-
tively trifling, as, with the exception of two or three
small buildings, the proposed street would run through
yards separated simply by walls."
In these earlier investigations, it was seen that, al-
though a great deal might be done in effecting better
circulation by the simple removal of obstructions,
such as cottages built across the end of a narrow
street, or pig-styes and privies separating one court
from another, it was of nearly equal importance that
the aid of the Paving and Sewering and the Nuisance
Committees should be called in; and a further coarse
of visits to other parts of the town, brought the con-
viction, that unless these Committees put forth all the
powers invested in them by the late Police Act
vigorously, and we may almost say relentlessly, the
work of sanitary reform would be not one-fourth done.
In the streets running from Queen-street, and
between that street and Alport-town, there seems to
have been originally a good hack yard, or small back
garden, to each house ; but within the last twenty or
thirty years, those yards or gardens have all been
built upon, and so closely that spaces of only from
four to six feet width has been left for passage, light,
and air ; and the only entrance from the street to each
such closely crammed court is through the lobby of
the front house, both front and back door being taken
from the hinges to allow ingress and egress, while
almost every room in the front tenement is occupied
by a distinct family. To make this horrible state of
things still more horrible, most of the courts aro
unpaved and undrained, with the filth and the water
thrown out from the houses, lying in hollow puddles,
offensive alike to the eye and the nostrils, and Bending
their pestilential effluvia right into the doors that
open upon the abominationand all this aggravated
by pig-styes and privies poisoning the air which the
wretched inhabitants are compelled to breathe !
It is difficult to suggest an effectual remedy in
such cases. Poor people must have cheap dwelling-
houses, and they must live near their place of work.
To pull down the whole and to rebuild with thrice
the space would only be to dislodge two-thirds of the
population to the immediate over crowding of some
neighbouring locality ; and to throw ventilating open-
ings between court and court, where all is one mass
of buildings, is impossible. The first sight of this
locality made the visitors almost hopeless of effecting
any good ; but there were, here and there, where a
considerate landlord had possession, circumstances
which again raised their hopes. When flags had
been put down and a channel had been made, with a
well kept grid over a sewer, there was an approach
to an appearance of snugness and comfort, and in
such places it was almost invariably seen that the
houses were kept neat and clean, and that the in-
habitants were decent and tidy in their appearance.
It was felt that what had been done voluntarily in
some cases should be effected compulsorily in all.
It will be seen from the report of last iVednesday's
Council meeting that a new Committee has been ap-
pointed, consisting of members from the Improve-
ment, Paving and Sewering, and the Nuisance Com-
mittees ; and we presume that their duty will be to
facilitate the exercise of powers which will be
obtained by a special Act, of which the Parliamentary
notices have been given, for effecting sanitary im-
provements. They will bring before the Improve-
ment Committee every case in which, by the pur-
chase and removal of obstructing buildings, a better
ventilation can be secured; they will apprise the
Paving and Sewering Committee of every case where
draining and flagging are required; they will ask of
the Nuisance Committee to prevent the accumulation
of filth ; and they will compel present owners to re-
move every nuisance-producing building, and pre-
vent any future such erection, while they will exact
the provision of all the necessary conveniences that
decency requires.
In carrying out such powers there will be some
cases of individual hardship, and consequently some
outcry ; but the duty of the Council will be to go on
firmly and determinedly, keeping in mind that though,
in a certain sense, every man may do what he likes
with his own, he is not to do so to the injury of his
neighbour. It is in the power of the working classes,
for whose health and comfort these improvements are
to be made, greatly to aid the Council in completing
its beneficent design. In every instance where they
have a choice of residence let them choose it in places
which are well paved and drained. Let them tell
their landlords that ,they are determined thus to
choose. Let, them's'aya "We will not live in bad
health, and sacrifice, one-half the term of our natural
existence, merely .because you are stupid enough not
to see that yostakAabe pronsoling your own interest
by making otsikOo*imore healthful."
In all in;p6Oons, of the localities in which the
poor reside, the h4isltor receives increased conviction
of the necE.,,sajtyr of an abundant supply of water.
The Entlish are essentially a cleanly people; but the
virtue—for it is a virtue, and a great one—of clean-
liness cannot be exercised under present arrange-
ments, The poor ought to have double, aye, triple or
quadruple their present supply of water, and we do
think it might be contrived that they should have it.
The Council cannot supply them with sufficient food,
for the deficiency there is the work of a cruel, im-
politic, and selfish legislation ; but it may give them
an increased supply of those other essential neces-
saries of life, light, air, and water.
,ade a

INVERNESS AND PERTH RAILWAY.—A meeting of
the sub-Committee was held yesterday, in the Ex-
change Rooms here (Mackintosh of Mackintosh
in the chair). to receive the interim report of the en-
gineer on the progress of the survey. Draft plans and
sections of the line were submitted by Mr. Mitchell—
in a complete state, from the River Nairn to the
county march betwixt Inverness and Perthshiree,
and in sections of the line thence to Dunkeld. The
result of these details was most satisfactory, show
ing that, notwithstanding the elevation of the country
through which the line would pass, the gradients
are unexpectedly favourable. The progress of the
survey through tke Athol estates has been unfortu-
nately stopped for the present by Lord Glenlyon ; but,
from the explanations given by Mr. Mitchell and the
sub-Committee, it is hoped his Lordship's objections
will be removed. Mr. Mitchell stated that if the weather
keeps open he is immediately to proceed with the survey
of the branch line from Inverness to Elgin. The sub-
Committee passed a resolution, expressive of their regret
at being deprived of Lord Glenlyon's countenance and
co-operation in this great public undertaking, and
directed application to be made to him that he may be
pleased to grant the desired facilities. They farther
ordered the subscriptions for the necessary outlays to be
forthwith called in and published; and the thanks of the
meeting being voted to the Chairman, for his conduct in
the chair, the meeting adjourned.—lnverness Courier,
Wednesday.
REPRESENTATION OF DARTMOUTH.--The death of
Sir John Seale has created very great excitement in the
town, and which will no doubt increase until his succes-
sor in Parliament be elected. The election, it is expected,
will take place next week. There are three candidates
in the field, viz , Mr. Joseph Soames, a large ship-owner
of London, and an elder brother of the Trinity House, a
Conservative; Mr. G. Moffatt, an opulent city merchant,
largely connected with the East India and China trade, a
Free Trader ' • and Mr. Thomas Hunt, of the firm of
Newman and Hunt, of the City of London, merchants
the Whig interest. A severe contest is anticipated.—Ds-
, vonport Independent.