The Sun.
London, England, 1844-09-06 00:00:00

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

GREENWICH AND DOVER RAILWAYS.
The following is the minute of terms arranged be-
tween the Directors of the London and Greenwich
Railway Company, and the Committee of Shareholders
of that Company and the Directors of the South-East-
ern Railway Company, dated Friday, Aug. 23, 1844:
That a lease for 999 years be granted by the
Greenwich Company to the South-Eastern Railway
Company of the Greenwich Railway, and all the
works and conveniences connected therewith, at a rent
of 36,000/. fur the first year, to be increased at the
rate of 1,000/. per annum, until it shall reach 45,000/.
per annum ; such lease to include the land on either
side of the railway, varying from 241 feet, more or
less, to 30 feet, to include all the land reserved for
widening the Greenwich line.
The lease is not to include the surplus land, and
buildings thereon, belonging to the Greenwich Com-
pany, beyond the parcels of land on each side ake,ve
referred to. (The excepted property is then men-
tioned.)
With regard to such surplus or excepted land and
buildings, the South-Eastern Company are to be at
liberty to purchase the same, or any part of it, at any
time previous to the 29th of September, 1845, either
(if the whole be taken) at the gross sum of 20,000/.,
or, if they should prefer it, or should take a part only,
then at a valuation in the usual way for the whole or
part.
The engines, carriages, stores, and working plant
generally to be taken at a valuation in the usual way.
The lease to commence from the Ist of January,
1845, on which day the railway and works shall be
delivered to the South-Eastern Company in good
working order.
Greenwich
The rent to be payable quarterly, clear of all taxes
and deductions, except
exeept property or income-tax.
ch Company to guarantee the South-
Eastern Company against all liability in respect of
The dGu w
the mortgage bonds and other debts of the Greenwich
Company.
The above terms to be subject to the ratification of
the shareholders of the two companies, and to the
sanction of Parliament.

LICENSED VICTUALLERS'
at the Horse and Jockey, ,
in the chair, when PROTECTION SOCIETY.--
Last week several respectable members of the trade met
ey, Dale-street, Mr. Thomas God-
freyVictuallers' Protection they came to the resolution of
bl e toj the ')
called " The Liverpool Licensed
as follows :—" ociety'"
forming a society, to iLli
the objects of which are
First--Tomali. protect and defend that body
against vexatious or
them s
prosecutions and informa-
tions brought against
asApneysOsn receivingmember
information, he should apply
subsequently to his
nearest committee-man,
protection. others.s
n
nature of the complaint stating full particulars of the
tee to take the case into , who will summon the commit-
if approving of it, shall furnish
which committee,
legal advice ;
but the defendant with ne-
cessarybe taken by them.
nogross or flagrant case can
Second—Any member of this society,
who may sustain losses in
trade, such as robberies by
servants, stealing of glasses, (3, ,
° and every kind of theft,
will receive every assistancefe .'
theom this society ; such case,
upon being made known to
every attention from the commitsecretary, will receivet
pro-
tect the person of the licensed victe ilere. Third—To a
of his business, from brutal assault
a, in the prosecution
—To apply to the Legislature fora
nd outrage. Fourth
consideration of the various laws Which bear on the be-
fore mentioned cases. But it must be
distinctly under-
stood that this Society is formed furt the protection of n
the fair and honest trader, and not defend those who
may grossly violate the law, or who
may
,be prosecuted
by the excise for fraudulent adulteration We believe
J
that the measures adopted will, b‘,
providing,
for the re-
spectability of the Society, secure the admirable objects
contemplated.—Liverpool Courier.
MR. HORACE SMITH'S NEw HISTORICAL RO-
MANCE.—We are requested to state that "Arthur
Arundel, a tale of ttie English Revolution,"
Smith, Esq., author' of Brambletye on," by Horace
3 yds. post Svo., is published this day, by I 'louse," &c., in
Great Marlborough -street, and may
now be
of
ow be had at all
the libraries. Mr. Colburn has also •
just published the
following new novels :-2. The, Viet
a"ryvt:i or the Ward-
Room Mess, by " The Old Sailor,"
and Widows, by the author of " Peter 1...--3. Parsons
"'gins," &c.,
3 vols.-4. The Wilfulness of Woman, b
of " The History of a Flirt," 3 vols.-3. by the authoress
larston,
a sporting novel, by " Craven," 3 vols.-6 1 3
• Vhitefriars•
or, The Days of Charles the Second, third edition.'
GAME CERTII ICATES.—We are given to under-
stand that parties are in the habit of not
paying the
duty upon game certificates when they obtain receipts
from collectors, but retain the money until
merit of
their first half-year's assessed taxes. For this
they are liable to a penalty of 1, and a
seeei:sd we learn
penalty
of 201. for every day they sport where the duty not
been paid to the collector ; a note at the foot of the re-
ceipt will show, so far as respects the latter penalty.
understand tooin conse-
, that collectors run a risk
(001 We of this practice ; as, if a party who had not paid
the duty should become insolvent, the collector has no
remedy, becuse he *had no legal right to give credit
and, therefore, would be bound to pay the da himself,
AN EDITOR'S COO', APOLOGY roil NEGLECTY
HIS DUTY.—We copy from the Montreal Courier OF
OFfollowing:—" As it is a most particularly hot da • t
have not the slightest wish to put ourselves into a 'we
greater
stew than we are in at present; therefore we must•eadtee-
r
de-
cline the labour of inditing an editorial. We fear that
we are selfish; but we prefer that the compositors should
perspire through the extra infliction of two columns of
suffer from
the in small type, than that we should
the labour of writing a column and half,a to be set up in
a larger kind."

The general meeting of the Order took place in
Glasgow on Thursday, the Bth August, the Hon. Sir
John Campbell, Baronet, in the chair, for the purpose,
first, of receiving a report from Sir Richard Broun,
of the steps taken since the year 183.5 for the revival
of the rights of the Order in the province of Nova
Scotia as anciently bounded (which comprehends New
Brunswick, Prince Edward's Island, Cape Breton,
Gaspe, &c.), and of the circumstances which have oc-
curred to suspend these proceedings since October,
1842 ; 2,1, To sanction a renewal of negotiations with
Lord Stanley, Colonial Minister, and with Sir W.
Colebrooke, Lieutenant- Governor of New Brunswick,
for grants of land to the Baronets whose creations
are subsequent to 1637, and for new grants in lieu
of those originally given for such concurring Baro-
nets as inherit titles of a prior date ; and 3d, To join
in a specific course of action for substantiating the
chartered rights of the body, and making them avail-
able for the national ends for which they were
bestowed. After hearing the report read, and con-
sidering the correspondence opened with the Lieu-
tenant-Governor of New Brunswick, resolutions were
passed to the effect, that the meeting received with
satisfaction Sir R. Broun's report, which was ordered
to be printed and circulated amongst the members of
the Order, preparatory to another general meeting
to be held at Edinburgh, for the consideration of a
series of resolutions to be grounded upon the same.
A vote of thanlrs was passed to Sir R. Broun
for his valuable services to the Order, in raising
and advancing the proceedings to their present
state ; and also one to the Hon. Baronet who pre-
sided. Amongst .the documents laid before the
meeting were copies of Sir R. Broun's " Letter to
Lord Stanley, explanatory of the charges made against
the late British American Association," and of the
petition presented to the House of Commons on the
24th of April last, praying for a Committee to inves-
tigate the same. There was also laid on the table a
copy of Dr. Rolph's recent work on " Systematic
Emigration and Colonization," dedicated, by permis-
sion, to Lord Stanley. The report made set forth,
inter alia, that since the recent action, Lake v. the
Duke of Argyll, legal proceedings have been adopted
by Sir R. Broun against the proprietors of the Globe
newspaper for libel, the issue of which, it was stated,
would afford to the public an opportunity of judging
as to the real character of the attacks upon the asso-
ciation made by the press.—Glasgow Chronicle.

TOTNES.
THE REV. J. SHORE.

A meeting of a few of the friends of the Rev. James
Shore was held on Wednesday evening, in the school-
room behind the Bridgetown Chapel, for the purpose
of adopting measures to assist the reverend gentle-
man in resisting the unprecedented prosecution is-
sued against him by the Bishop of Exeter. About
fifty persons attended, amongst whom were, John
Derry, Esq., magistrate of the borough, Mr. Thomas
Michelmore, Lieut. Boardman, R.N., Lieut. Lus-
combe, R.N., Mr. John Windeatt, Mr. F. B. Cuming,
Mr. W. F. IVindeatt, Mr. James D. Searle, Mr.
Edwin Searle, of Longcomb, &c., &c.
On the motion of Mr. T. MICIIELMORE, seconded
by Mr. J. WINDEATT, Mr. Derry was unanimously
called to the chair. He proceeded to state the objects
of the meeting, and read a copy of the notice calling
the same, which had been affixed at the chapel doors
on Sunday last. After a few preliminary remarks
from the chairman, the following resolutions were
unanimously adopted :
Moved by Mr. BOARDMAN, and seconded by Mr.
J. WINDEATT—" That the thanks of this meeting be
given to his Grace the Duke of Somerset, for the
kind and handsome manner in which he acceded to
the wishes of the congregation attending the Bridge-
town Chapel, by securing to them ministry of
their valued pastor, the Rev. James Shore; and for
permitting his chapel to be opened for Divine service
under the Toleration Acts, when he found, in come-
quence of the unprecedented opposition of the Rev.
Mr. Cousins and the Bishop of Exeter, it was the
only means by which he could accomplish the desired
objects of the congregation."
Moved by Mr. LuscoMnE, and seconded by Mr.
J. SHIITE—" That this meeting gladly avail them-
selves of the opportunity of expressing their unabated
attachment to the Rev. James Shore, whose zeal in
the performance of his ministerial duties, and high
moral character, during his long residence among
them, have earned for him the respect, gratitude, and
affection of all classes of his hearers; and at the same
time the meeting think it right to express their opi-
nion that the opposition offered to Mr. Shore, in a
great measure arises from personal feeling, and is an
unjust attempt- to injure an unoffending man, and a
faithful minister of Christ."

Moved by Mr. F. B. CUMING, and seconded by Mr.
E. SEARLE—" That, in addition to the injustice of
the unprecedented persecution to which the Rev. James
Shore is personally exposed by the Bishop of Exeter,
this meeting cannot but view the course adopted by
the Bishop as a fearful encroachment on the religious
liberty of Englishmen, and an attempt to render use-
less the Toleration Acts, passed expressly to protect
persons conscientiously seceding from the Established
Church ; and that it is, therefore, the opinion of this
meeting that the Rev. J. Shore, in resisting the at-
tack of the Bishop, is supporting the cause of reli-
gious liberty, and, consequently, is entitled to the aid
of every one opposed to intolerance and persecution ;
and that this meeting pledges itself to render him
every legitimate support and assistance."
Moved by Mr. J. E. SEARLE, and seconded by Mr:
T. PARROTT—" That a committee be now formed,
for the purpose of receiving and soliciting subscrip-
tions, and to determine as to the future plans to be
adopted to carry out the opinion expressed in the last
resolution ; and that such committee be empowered to
correspond with any friends of civil and religious
freedom in other towns and cities in England and
elsewhere to solicit their co-operation for the same
purpose ; and that such committee do consist of the
following gentlemen, with power to add to their num-
bers :

Mr. T. Michelmore, Mr. J. Windeatt,
Lieut. Boardman, R.N., Mr. Frans. 13. Cuming,

Lieut. Luscombe, R.N., Mr. Thos. Parrott,
Captain Finch, Mr. James D. Searle,
Mr. Sampson, Mr. Edwin Searle,
Mr. Derry, Mr. J. D. Moysey."
Mr. Derry having left the chair,
Mr. T. MICIIELMORE moved, and Mr. BOARDMAN
seconded—" That the thanks of this meeting be given
to Mr. Derry, for his straightforward and manly con-
duct in the chair ;" hich was briefly responded to
by Mr. Derry.
A subscription was immediately entered into, and
before the meeting separated upwards of 501. was
subscribed.— Western Times.

A CONTRAST.—Rather more than fifty years ago,
the sinking sun shone bright, one fine afternoon, on the
stately tenements of Dumfries, and threw its slant rule
of light athwart the principal street of the town. The
shadows of the houses on the western side were stretched
half-way across the pavement, while on the side oppo-
site the red beam seemed as if sleeping on jutting irre-
gular fronts and tall gables. There was a world of well-
dressed company that evening in Dumfries ; for the
aristocracy of the adjacent country for twenty miles
round had poured in to attend a county ball, and were
fluttering in groups along the sunny side of the street,
gay as butterflies. On the other side, in the shade, a soli-
tary individual paced slowly along the pavement. Of the
hundreds who fluttered past no one took notice of
him—no one seemed to recognise him. He was known
to them all as the exciseman and poet, Robert Burns ;
but he had offended the stately Toryism of the district
by the freedom of his political creed ; and so—tainted
by the plague of Liberalism—he lay under strict qua-
rantine. He was shunned and neglected ; for it was
with the man Burns that these his contemporaries had
to deal. Let the reader contrast with this truly melan-
choly scene, the scene of his festival a fortnight since.
Here are the speeches of the Earl of Eglinton and
of Sir John M'Neill, and here the toast of the
Lord Justice General. Let us just imagine these
gentlemen, with all their high aristocratic notions
about them, carried back half a century into the past, and
dropped down, on the sad evening to which we refer,
in the main street of Dumfries. Which side dces the
reader think they would have chosen to walk upon ?
Would they have addressed the one solitary individual
in the shade, or not rather joined themselves to the gay
groups in the sunshine who neglected and contemned
him ? They find it an easy matter to deal with th©
phantom idea of Burns now ; how would they have dealt
with the man then ? How are they dealing with his
poorer relatives, or how with men of kindred genius,
their contemporaries ? Alas! a moment's glance at such
matters is sufficient to show how very unreal a thing a -
commemorative feast may be.—Edinburgh Witness.,
DEATHFROAI CHOK ING.—Mr. Wakley, Aid ~ on
Tuesdsy held an inquest at the Freemasons' Arms, Suf-
folk-street, King's-cross, on the body of Mary Ann
Searle, aged 49. It appeared that the deceased, who had
an asthmatic complaint, on Thursday last was sitting up
in bed, when her husband offered her a cup of tea. She
had drank some, and whilst drinking the remainder she
was seized with a cough, became black in the face, and
exhibited other symptoms of strangulation. A.medical
man was at once sent for, but before his arrival life was
extinct. Verdict—" Natural death,"

Mrs. Elizabeth Dark said, my husband died, as I am
informed, yesterday morning. I have not lived with
him for the last eighteen months. lie occupied a house
at No. 3, York-place, Pentonville, where he resided with
a girl named Eliza, whom he had met with in the country
shortly after the time he had left me. I frequently
saw my husband, who allowed me a sovereign a week for
my maintenance, and I have seen the furniture in the
house, which was his. I went to the house yesterday
morning, but found it locked up. Yesterday evening I
saw part of the furniture of my late husband at a beer-
shop, kept by a man named Boucher. I saw that furni-
ture safe in his house on Friday last.
Cross-examlin d —I saw my husband last on Thursday
afternoon. lie said he was going into the country for a
month, and gave me four sovereigns in advance of my
allowance. My husband went into the country at the
time he left me, seventeen months ago, for the benefit of
his health, and he brought this girl, with whom he after-
wards lived, to London with him. I visited him at his

he.use in York-place three times. I never saw the furni-
ture in his possession before. Isaw-it at that house six
months ago. My husband was badly off when he left.
1 understand he was very ill in the country. He was a
baker, sometimes in work, sometimes out of work. I
can't say that he has had a day's work for the last
twelve months. I believe not. I called at his house on
Friday evening, but be was out. I then saw the pri-
soner, Eliza Smith, who opened the door to me.
George Towel!, of 55, Baldwin's-gardens —I knew
the late Alfred Dark intimately, and have frequently
been to his house in York-place. Yesterday morning
I heard that he was brought into Westminster dead,
and that he was brought to a house in a very mys-
terious manner. I immediately apprised his wife, and
on finding his house shut up, and that the property
had been removed, we went to the Bank and stopped
some money that he had there. I went to a house in
Orchard-street, where I saw the prisoner Lear and
the female with whom Mr. Dark had been living.
I told Lear that I understood Dark was dead. Lear
told me that it was the body of another man that was
in the house, and if I was a friend of Dark's I should
say nothing about it, as some person had abused the
female he was living with, and Dark bad knocked him
on the head, and was keeping out of the way until it
was all blown over, which would be in a month or two,
when he would come back. In consequence of some
suspicions I immediately went, accompanied by the in-
spector and another officer, to the house in Orchard-
street, and on going up stairs found the body of Mr.
Dark; the prisoner Smith was in the room with it.
Thomas Turista, a police-constable—l went last
evening, in company with Inspector Moran, to No, 15,
Orchard-street. .In the front room on the first
floor we found the body of a man. Prisoners Lear
and Boddington came into the room, and asked
by what authority I was there. Collins then
joined the party, and they_ became so boisterous
that I sent down stairs for Mr. Moran. By his
directions I took Lear to the station-house, and returned
to the house. At Mr. Moran's request, Boddington pro-
duced a bundle of clothing, a gun in a case, and some
other articles belonging to the deceased. Harris then
came into the room, and said that she had come there
to see a man that had been 'shot, and wanted to know
who it was. She was with the other prisoners taken into
custody.
William Boucher, of 4, Pear-street, who described
himself as the conductor of a beer-shop, then proved
that a roomful of goods had been brought into his house
before he was up in the morning ; there was a piano and -
two chests of drawers, and a sofa, which the room IN ould
not hold, and which the police had taken possession of.
Witness had been asked on Sunday evening by George
Boddington (not in custody) to let him the room to put
some furniture in, and he had done so.
Jane Boucher, the daughter, was called, and said
several people brought the things on Monday morning.
Boddington and Lear were among the numbers.
Mr. Wontner submitted that nothing whatever had
been Froved against his clients to justify their detention.
There was no evidence to show that the furniture had
ever been the property of the. deceased ; and because
the wife now came forward and pleased to set up a claim
to it, everybody found at the house where the lady was
had been taken into custody.
_ _

Mr. 13URRELL said the evidence respecting the pro-
perty was slight. He wished to know whether anything
could be said of the previous character of the prisoners.
Mr. Moran said Lear and Beddington were well
known.

Mr. BURRELL said he should remand the prisoners
for a week, and, in the meantime, care must be taken of
the property.
On the application of Mr. Wontner, the magistrate
consented to take bail for the appearance of the accused.
In the course of the afternoon the worthy magistrate
liberated four out of the five prisoners, on their putting
in the necessary securities.

Since the discovery of the dead body of Dark, in Or-
chard-street, Westminster, under circumstances of a sus-
picious character, a report has got abroad, and ob-
tained general belief in the neighbourhood, that a
crime resembling in its leading features the case
of Mr. Weare, who was murdered by John Thur-
tell, had been committed, and this impression has by
no means subsided, although the case has undergone
an investigation. The opinion of that portion of
the detective police, who have looked into some cir-
cumstances connected with the case, and who are well
acquainted with the characters, and of those who are
unquestionably mixed up most intimately in the whole
affair, points strongly to the conclusion that a deed of
violence has been committed, and that a most searching
investigation will only be able to draw the truth to light.
A correspondent has sent us a number of particulars
of Dark's life and proceedings, which go to justify the
worst suspicions, but we forbear to publish them till
they are narrated, if there be any foundation for them,
in a court of justice, as they involve serious charges not
only against the late Mr. Dark, but against his associates.

HINTS TO VISITING AND RELIEF • SOCIETIES.—
Having entered a poor person's dwelling, behave as if it
were your own. Do not wait to be asked to sit down.
If you are a gentleman, keep your hat on. Address
the male occupant of the house as " My Good Man,"
and his wife as " My Good Woman ;' or if you find
it necessary to assert your dignity, omit the " Good"
altogether. Say, " Boy," and " Girl," to the child-
ren, as the case may be. Your first ()Eject is, to im-
press the visited with a due sense of their distance
from yourself. For this reason, if they remain stand-
ing in your presence, never suggest that they should
sit. Inquire in the most direct and unceremonious'
way possible, what their rent is—how they are em-
ployed—what amount they earn—and in what manner
they spend it ? Insist on knowing exactly how much they
give for coals ; what quantity they burn ; and what'
becomes of the cinders ? Find out their exact' consump-`
tion of potatoes, and whether they are economical in
raring them. Interrogate them with similar minuteness
with respect to meat, bread, cheese, butter, tea, coffee,
vinegar, and pepper. Ask if their sugar is sixpenny or
sevenpeany ; whether any of them take tobacco or snuff;
and, especialy, if they ever indulge in beer or spirituous
liquors. Reprehend, sternly, the slightest excess or
waste that you may detect in any of the above respects,
and if the expenditure has not been limited to the merest
necessaries, lecture them OR it well. Ask when they go
to bed ; at what time they get up ; at what hour they
breakfast, dine, and sup ? Request to be allowed to look
into their drawers and cupboards, to see what there is in
them. Smell every bottle you find. Take notes of every
pot, pan, kettle, cup, saucer, phial, and gallipot, in the
house. Demand to know what articles of apparel or
furniture they have in pawn, and to see the duplicates for
each. Make them tell you what they do with their rags,
and how they are situate in regard to soap. Insist on
being minutely informed how each of the family spends
every portion of his or her time ; and animadvert strongly
on any application thereof to rest or recreation. Having
read the whole round of them a severe homilyll oolnd
any,
imprudence or mismanagement. of their house
affairs that you may have elicited, give them,.Provided
they appear sufficiently abashed, a ticket
Let
sixpenny-
worth of relief, accompanied by la
fpencnoyd
ion ;
tract.
your gift be made with an air of o
and dessert.—Punch.
EXPERIMENTS ON SALMON. --Numerous experi-
mreetinrte majestically
a tt present,an
s
are
proving unsettled
Several of these
ettled points in
the natural history of the salmon.
d g
makingo h
ine t o
various 3t-you r
partse
o condescension
coursesthe
kingdom for the purpose of
have been made in the Tweed and its tributaries, the
last of which, we believe, was the worsted thread of
eslly
different colours inserted in the tails of salmon fry. The
purpose of the experiments was to ascertain the precise
time occupied by the fish passing from the lower stages
of its growth to maturity. Whether any of these have
beensince captured we have not been able to learn.
About a fortnight ago, however, a grilse was caught on
the Shore Side Fishery, by James Afacqueeu, fisherman,
which may terow some light on this interesting subject.
Among the number of ether fish caught with the net,
he observed a black mark on the tail of one, of the size
of a No. 4 shot. On examining it more closely, he felt
some hard substance, and
scraping the flesh to ascertain
the cause, discovered a piece of wire twisted through the
tail. The fish had a very healthy appearance, was
about 51b. weight, and resembled in every respect the
other grilse. Perhaps this single recovered specimen
may affird the experimenters the information desired.—
Bet wick Warder.

LONGEVITY.—Among the inmates of St. Ca-
therine's alms-houses, in this city (Exeter), is Elizabeth
Mountloy, who completed her hundredth year in Ja-
nuary last. She is a widow, and. has been the mother,
we understand, of sixteen children. By the aid of spec-
tacles, she can read, and with the assistance of a stick
she enjoys a walk.— Western Luminary.

Permit me to address a few lines to you on the sub-
ject of machinery. They come from one who has to
contend with it; one influenced by the same hopes and
the same fears as yourselves ; in short, a working-
man, but one who has devoted the whole of his
leisure, for the last seven years, to the attentive study
of wages, and the causes which influence them, one
way or another. I assure you, men of Norwich, that
my feelings towards you, at present, are of a strange
nature ; I cannot find language to describe them--
deep regret, almost giving way to indignation and
contempt, to think that thousands of my fellow-
workmen should congregate, for the purpose
of yelling—brutally, savagely yelling—at what ?
a corpse! Fit result from such leaders as you have
believed and trusted in ; one who misled the true-
hearted, but hot-hcadcd Welsh exiles, calumniating
and denouncing, as moral force humbugs and cowards,
those who foresaw and tried to prevent the fatal ten-
dencies of his exciting language ; and the same per-
son, now leading you astray, has the impudence to
tell you that he always advocated moral force alone !
The second of your advisers was imprisoned as a
debtor. The third was voted by the House of Com-
mons, a calumniator ! Truly, are you choice in your
advisers, and the tree bears appropriate fruit. Bowl-
ing at dead men ! Not only is this a disgrace to the
working men of England, but a foul stain upon
humanity. Such conduct recoils with a fatal force
upon ourselves. It gives our opponents a lever which
they know full well how to use, while, at the same
time, it damps the ardour of our best and most effec-
tive friends.

I have told you, that the leisure of the last seven
years has been devoted to the study of wages. I en-
treat your attention and reflection to a few remarks,
regarding the influence of machinery upon them. The
question might be asked, what constitutes machinery ?
Without stopping to examine this point, I beg to
explain that I adopt the popular idea (although an
erroneous one), namely, steam power. It would not
be possible to come to a sound conclusion, in. such
a case, without examining int. the rate of wages,
previously .tom the introduction of the steam-engine
as a great producing power. Should wages have
been greater at the period anterior to this, and as
the powers of steam became developed had wages
propo • rtionably declined, such events would have been
strong presumptive evidence that machinery did ac-
tually reduce wages. But if it could he proved that,
for a long time previous to the introduction of steam
power, and up to the very season of it coming into
existence, the wages were at the lowest ebb; and that,
us the wonderful engine extended its capabilities, so,
in like proportion did wages increase; surely, then,
machinery could not be regarded as the cause of de-
clining wages. Bather, the same principles which
reduced our forefathers to toil and penury, is now at
work ; pulling us down to the same degrading level ;
while we, by our fatal delusions and ferocious pre-
judices, are doing all we can to strengthen this deadly
enemy.
The first proof I shall offer to your consideration
will be from an author who is looked upon with
respect by every enlightened mind in the civilised
world; he is known to be, with regard to facts, most
scrupulously correct. It is from Smith's celebrated
work on the " Wealth of Nations." Here is the ex-
tract :—" Eighteenpence a day may be reckoned the
common price of labour in London and its neighbour-
hood. At a few miles distance it falls to fourteen and
fifteenpence. Tenpence may be reckoned its price in
Edinburgh. At a few miles distance it falls to eight-
pence, the usual price of common labour through the
low country of Scotland, where it varies a good deal
ess than in England."—(Book 1., chap. viii.)
I would anxiously entreat my fellow .workmen's
attention to the above extract. Let them be aware,
that this was the rate of wages just previously to the
steam-engine coming into operation, as a great pro-
ducing power. My father, who is now alive, has a
perfect recollection of this state of things. When he
was a boy the weavers received, if possible, less wages
than they do at present; and other trades most de-
cidedly less ; in many cases, not above one-half the
present rate.
I dwell upon this, being desirous, above all things,
that the suffering artisan should be attracted from the
false scent which he now pursues. Tes, my coun-
trymen, the two leech-like powers sucked from the
labouring classes, in those days of no machinery, all
that should have rendered life desirable, leaving
nought but toil, and wherewith to continue the
miserable race.
The same principles are now at work, and we, by
every stumble we make, or erroneous conclusion we
cove to, tend but to increase their strength. How
anxiously, then, ought every working man to devote
a little of his leisure to a calm and temperate reflec-
tion as to what is and what is not an agent of oppres-
sion on his class. You may imagine, in those days,
that food and clothing, &c., were proportionably
cheap. Such, however, was not the case; the quar-
ter of wheat, which fetches now about 505., then ave-
raged upwards of 405.; while clothing of every de-
scription was much more expensive than now.
The first thing which materially disturbed this
shocking deadness—which for a time loosened the
bloodsuckers from the industry of the nation—was
the application of steam power to the spinning of
cotton. This at once reduced the price of yarn, so
that goods could be produced at an amazingly less
cost ; while, at the same time, the wages of the fabri-
cators of those goods were four, five, six, and, in many
cases, ten times the amount previously earned by
them. Ultimately, all trades were affected and bet-
tered by this same cause ; rent and money powers
were for a time confused; they could not fix upon
us ; but by cool watching, and legislative influences,
at last they got hold, and now, pro Tiding we wake not
from our fatal delusions, the same principles which
reduced our forefathers to pauperism, will absorb
every advantage which the beneficent steam-engine
has given to us.
I had intended to have shown how the introduction
of machinery, at first, had a tendency to hurt us, and
that the remedy rested with ourselves, and ourselves
alone ; but I find my space filled up. Should this
meet favour, I may yet endeavour to do so.
In conclusion, then, I compare machinery to a
grand river ; in spring tide overflowing its banks,
enriching and beautifying the soil, while on its mag-
nificent bosom float the barques which spread nature's
blessings over the wide, extended earth. This same
river, yielding so many benefits, reviving a fainting
and weary nation, may still, at times, burst through
its boundaries, committing havoc and devastation.
This is not to be avoided by drying it up or shun-
ning it, but by a cool, calculating examination into its
weak parts, with a resolute determination, at the same
time, to strengthen them when they are discovered.
Most respectfully,
A TIN-PLATE WORKER.

MOST EXTRAORDINAY TASTE. A bricklayers'
labourer, at Norwich, some time ago, took a strong
liking to black beetles, or cockroaches, which he eats
with great gusto. His usual breakfast is a penny loaf
and some twenty or thirty cockroaches, if he can catch
as many, which he eats as he would shrimps, but with-
out being cooked or shelled ! He says they aro a great
dainty, and the flavour excellent. -
DEATH FROM OVER-EXERTION.—On • Tuesday,
Mr. William Baker, deputy coroner, held an inquest at
the Black Horse, in the Kingslarn:-road, on the body of
Joseph Peachy, forty-nine years of age. It appeared
from the evidence that deceased was a coal porter,
but had for some time past been in very distressed cir-
cumstances, arising from the want of employment, and
unable to procure the common necessaries of life, On
Monday morning he obtained a job of unloading some
coals in John-street, Holton, and, whilst carrying a sack
into the house, he suddenly fell down, and before medi-
cal assistance could be obtained he expired. The sur-
geon attributed death to the rupture of a blood vessel,
caused by over-exertion in his debilitated state and want
of strength. The jury returned a verdict in accordance
with the medical testimony.
MEDICAL SKILL BAFFLED.—Mr. Wakley, M.p
held an
eionnqutehsetbooldlyToure
Jane Batts,
Baattttsh,e
aUgnedivetrv,seitnytyC.soellveegne
Hospital,spinster. The inquest was held at the instance of de:
ceased's sister, who hinted that she had met with her
death unfairly, but " whose jaws (to
ouse the worthy
when
she was
sworn." She in fact admitted that the report shefabri-
cated ne:ascordsmr)::er ley completelygroundie
ss.The history of the
case is, however, rather curious, and proves' that there
are cases which baffle medical me. Mr. Quain, house-
surgeon, stated that thel dtee.eased was brought to the
ry
hospital on Wednesdayw_
of a pain in her back,At
thathaisch
fevert
different previous d a
froth) .I;th
ea
seaai
db . a
dS hsee
zoemd phl ae irn
oe dn
were not generally observul titnmethasthdeisheaadse.symilpetrombods oyf
that of ordinary fever, and such as
was covered with a rupture similar to small-pox. She
died in thirty-six hours after her admission. Her dis-
ease baffled him and the other physicians. In conse-
quence of a report that she had been poisoned he opened
the body, but could not detect the cause of death- It
was quite a new form of disease. In his opinion death
ensucd from the diseased condition of her blood. Mr.
Wakley severely censured the sister fbr having circu-
lated a report that deceased hod been poisoned, but fur
which report no inquest would have been held. The
sister said that, as the deceased's disease bad baffled the
skill of 'Drs. Quain and Williams, she suspected that the
deceased might have been poisoned. Verdict—" Natural
death."
ELOrEMEET FROM NEW YORK.—ktuue a sensation
was created yesterday afternoon by one of those romantic
incidents in real life, which now and then spring up to
relieve the monotony of this somewhat dull world of
ours, it having been discovered that a daughter of a,
certain wealthy baker had eloped with a sturdy.Dutch-
eyn the
e e d,
man---a real anzateur of loaves and ladies ; the intelli-
genceiady,s th s
epro, polite,
ac oipuumrsuuniitcawt e4ds
rtt;omthpetlpyocliocine.ni:
but how it will terminate is yet in a state of uncertainty.
The bereaved parent is inconsolable for the loss of his
daughter, and vows that he will never take the " flying
Dutchman," but the police will, and looks upon the
whole affair as the most notable that has occurred since
the arrival of the news that the Dutch had taken Hol-
land. The incident is so rich and rare, the result will be
looked fox with inttreit.—.Yew loth livaid, Aug. 9. -