The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-11 00:00:00

EXTRA STOCK.-LONG•WOOLLED SHEEP.

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ABD•EL.K ADEN AGAIN.—The National states, tha'
according to a private letter from Oran, the Colonel of I
the 2d Regiment of Hussars, who was detached with his
regiment at Sebdon, having gone to shoot game with
the surgeon and some privates of his regiment, was sur-
rounded by a number of Arabs, who carried off the en-
tire party. It is supposed that this feat was performed
by some of Abd-el-Kader's troops, who are encamped on
the frontiers of Algeria. " This fact," adds the writer
of the letter, " demonstrates that no advantage has been
gained by the treaty of peace with Morocco."
Tog WEATHER IN PARIS.—The winter has set in
very vigorously in Paris. At six o'clock in the morning
of Saturday the thermometer indicated 7 deg. 2 min.
(centigrade). In 1838, the coldest winter experienced
in Paris since 1829, the same thermometer descended to
19 deg. at the Observatory. The river freezes at 9 deg.
The snow which fell at the beginning of the month occa-
sioned obstructions to the traffic on the railroad. Be-
tween Rouen and Pont de l'Arche the snow that co-
vered the rails was so hard, that the train had
to stop in the last station until the arrival of a
second engine. The mails from Lyons, Geneva, Mar-
seilles, Havre, and Strasburgh, re
immense number of
migratory birds have of late been observed to pass over
the towns situate along the Channel, particularly wild
ducks and geese, curlews, plovers, &c.—a circumstance
considered by the inhabitants as the sure sign of a
rigorous winter,

Class 3.—Oxen or steers, of any breed, under 5 years
old, under 100 stone and above 70 stone, that shall not
have had cake, corn, meal, seeds, grains, or distillers'
wash, during 14 months previous to the Ist of August,
1844.
His Grace the Duke of Bedford, of Park-farm, near
Woburn, Bedfordshire, a 4 years old Hereford ox, bred
by his Grace, and fed on grass, green tares, hay, turnips,
500 lb. of linseed-meal, and 500 lb. of barley-meal. Tra-
velled to the show by van 42 miles.—First prize, 151, and
silver medal.
Mr. Henry Chamberlain, of Desford, near Leicester,
a 4 years and 10 months ld Hereford ox, bred by him-
self, and fed on grass, hay, green vetches, turnips, 8101 b.
of cake, and 6951 b. of pea-meal. Travelled to the show
on foot 10 miles, and by railway 102 miles.—Sccond
prize, 101.
Class 4.—Oxen or steers, of any breed, not exceeding 4
years and 3 months old, and under 80 stone, that shall
not have had cake, corn, meal, seeds, grains, or dis-
tillers' wash, during 12 months previous to the Ist of
August, 1844.
Ilis Grace the Duke of Bedford, of Park-farm, near
Woburn, a 3 years and 9 months old Hereford ox, bred
by his Grace, and fed on grass, green tares, hay, turnips,
5001 b. of barley-meal, and 500113. of linseed-meal. Tra-
velled to the show on foot 3 miles, by van 6 miles, and
by railway 41 miles.—First prize, 101., and silver medal.
Mr. John Manning, of Harpole, near Northampton, a
3 years and 10 months old llereford ox, bred by Mr.
James Williams, of Culmington, near Ludlow, and fed
on grass, hay, 8501 b. of cake, and 4 bushels of bean-
meal. Travelled to the show on foot 7 miles, and by
railway 691 miles.—Second prize, 5/.
Class 5.-- Oxen or steers, of any breed, under 4 years
and 6 months old, and under 80 stone weight, with-
out restrictions as to feeding, yet the kind or kinds of
food must be specified.
Mr. W. J. Bailey, of Shenley-house, Stoney Stratford,
Bucks, a 3 years and 8 months old Hereford steer, bred
by Mr. W. Wheeler, of Ivington-park, near Leomin-
ster, and fed on grass, hay, and cake. Travelled to the
show on foot 5 miles, and by railway 50 miles.—First
prize, 10/., and silver medal.
COWS AND HEIFERS.
Class 4.—Fattened cows or heifers, under 5 years. Free
martins and spayed heifers not qualified.
Mr. 11. Brown, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire,
a 4 years and 6 months old Durham heifer, bred by
himself, and fed on oilcake, barley, grass, cabbage,
Swedish turnip, and hay. Travelled to the show by van
25 miles, and by railway 96 miles.—First prize, 201.,
gold medal, and silver medal.
The Right Hon. Earl Spencer, of Wiseton, near
Bawtry, Nottinghamshire, a 4 years and 5 months old
short-horned cow, bred by his Lordship, and fed on bay,
turnips, cabbages, pea-meal, barley-meal, and oilcake.
Travelled to the how by van 20 miles, and by railway
172 miles.—Second prize, 101.
Sir T. Whichcote, Bart., of Aswarby-park, near Folk-
ingham, Lincolnshire, a 4 years and 5 months old Dur-
ham heifer, bred by himself, and fed on linseed-cakes,
bean-meal, oatmeal, hay, and vegetables. Travelled to
the show by van 38 miles, and by railway 107 miles.—
Third prize, 51.
Class 7.—Fattened cows or heifers, of 5 years old and
upwards. Free martins and spayed heifers not
qualified.
Mr. John Beasley, of Chapel Brampton, near North-
ampton, a 5 years and 4 months old short-horned cow,
bred by himself, and fed on grass, turnips, raangold-
wurzel, hay, linseed cake, and oatmeal. Travelled to
the show by van nine miles, and by railway 60 miles.—
First prize, 201., and silver medal.
Mr. John Carwardine, of Marsh, near Leominster, a
5 years and 11 months old Hereford cow, bred by the
late Mr. John Morris, of Stratford Bury, near Leomin-
ster, and fed on grass and oilcake. Travelled to the
show on foot 48 miles, and by railway 113 miles. Has
had one calf.—Second prize, 5/.
Class B.—Fattened cows, of 5 years old andupwards, that
shall have had at least two live calves at separate
births.
Major Brown, of Welbourn, near Grantham, Lincoln-
shire, a 13 years old short-horned cow, bred by himself,
and fed on linseed cakes, swedes, turnips, hay, clover,
and lucerne. Travelled to the show by van 49 miles,
and by railway 100 miles. Has had six calves.—Second
prize, Si.
Mr. J. Burgess. of Holme Pierrepont, near Notting-
ham, a 7 years and 5 months old short-horned cow, bred
by Mr. Robert Burgess, of Cotsgrove-place, Nottingham,
and fed on cake, beans, vegetables, and hay. Travelled
to the show by van five miles, and by railway 136 miles.
Has had three caIvEXTResA STOC K. .—First
—CATTLE
prize silver medal.
Mr. R. Morton, of Peakill, near Spalding, Lincoln.
shire, a 4 years and 8 months old short-horned ox, bred
by himself, and fed on linseed, turnips, cabbages, and
carrots. Travelled to the show by van 55 miles, and by
railway 70 miles.—Silver medal.
SHEEP.
Class 9.—Long-vvool:ed fat wether sheep, 1 year old, that
gO,' have never had cake, corn, meal, seeds, or pulse.
" Mr. J. S. Burgess, of Holm Pierrepont, Nottingham-
shire a pen of three 20 months old long-woolled wethers,
bred by' himself.—First prize 20/., and silver medal.
Mr. Thomas Twitchell, of Wellington, near St. Neots,
Bedfordshire, a pen of three 20 months old Leicester
wethers, bred by himself, from rams hired of Mr. Samuel
Bennett, of Bickeringspark, near W oburn, Bedfordshire.
—Second prize, 51.
Class 10.—Long-woolled fat wether sheep, 1 year old,
under 8 stone weight, that have never had cake, corn,
meal, seeds, or pulse. 1
Mr. J. S. Burgess, of Holm° Pierrepont, Nottingham-
shire, a pen of three 20 months old long-woolled wethers,
bred by himself.—Prize, 101, and silver medal.
Class 11.—Long-woolled fat wether sheep, 1 year old,
without restrictions as to feeding.
His Grace the Duke of Bedford, of Oakley West Farm,
Bedford, a pen of three 20 months old New Leicester
wethers, bred by his Grace.—First prize, 201., gold
raedal, and silver medal.
Mr. John Painter, of Burley, near Oakham,.Rutland,
a pen of three 21 months old new Leicester wethers,
bred by himself, from a ram hired of Mr. Thorpe, of
Clifton, Nottinghamshire.—Second prize, 51.
Class 12.—Long and short-woolled cross-bred fat wether
i sheep, 1 year old, without restrictions as to feeding.

.•
Mr. Charles Large, of Broadwell, Oxfordshire, a 56
months old New Oxfordshire ewe, bred by himself.—
Silver medal.

Class 13.—Short-woolled fat wether sheep, 1 year old.

wi:hout restrictions as to feeding.
His Grace the Duke of Iliciamond, of Goodwood, near
Chichester, Sussex, a pen of three 20 months old South-
down wethers, bred by hia Grace.—• Second prize, 51.
Mr. Samuel Webb, of Babraham, near Cambridge, a
pen of three 20 months old Southdown wethers, bred by
Mr. J. Webb, of Babraham.—First prize, 201. and silver
medal.

Classl-I.—Short-woolled fat wether sheep, 1 year old,
under eight stone weight, without restrictions as to

feeding.-
Mr. Henry Upton, of Oving, near Chichester, Sussex,
a pen of three 20 months old Southdown wethers, bred
by Mr. A. Pinnix.—Prize, 10/., gold medal, and silver
medal. _ _

Cass 15.—Short-woolled fat wether sheep, 2 years old,

without restrictions as to feeding.
Mr. E. G. Barnard, M.l'., of Gosfield Hall, near Hal-
stead, Essex, a pen of three 32 months old Southdown
wethers, bred by himself.—First prize, 201. and silver
medal.

Air. Stephen Grantham, of Stoneham, Sussex, a pen of
three 32 months old Southdown wethers, bred by him-
sOf.—Seeund pr;ze. 51.
EXTRA STOCK.—SHORT-WOOLLED SHEEP.

Mr. Jehn Harris, of Hinton, near Abingdon, Berk.
shire, a 21 months old Southdown wether, bred by him
self.—Silver medal.

PIGS.

Class 16.—Pigs, of any breed, above 13 and under 26

Weeks oid.

His Royal Highness Prince Albert, of Windsor
Castle, a pen of three 25 weeks and 4 days old Suffolk
and Bedfordshire pigs, bred by his Royal Highness, and
fed on milk, barleymeal, and peameal.—Second prize, 51.
Mr. W. F. Hobbs, of Marks-hall, near Kelvedon,
Essex; a pen of three 25 weeks and 4 days old improved
Essex pigs, bred by himself, and fed on oats, peas, meal,
potatoes, mangold-wurzel, and milk.—First prize, 101.
and silver medal.

Class 17.—Pigs, of any breed, above 26 and under 52

weeks old.

Mr. J. Buckley, of Normanton-hill, near Loughbo-
rough, Nottinghamshire, a pea of three 27 week* and 2
days old Neapolitan and Warwicksbire pigs, bred by
himself, and fed on barley-flour.--First prize, 10Z and
silver medal.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Radnor, of Coleshill,
near Faringdon, perks, a pen of three 44 weeks and 1
day old Coleshill pigs, bred by his Lordship, and fed on
whey, barleymeal, and potatoes.—Second prize, 5/.
EXTRA STOCK.—PIGS.
Mr. W. F. Hobbs, of Marks-hall, near Kelvedon,
Essex, a 25 weeks and 4 days old improved Essex pig,
bred by himself, and fed on oats, peas, meal, potatoes,
mangold-wurzel, and milk.—Silver medal.

NEW ZEALAND.
The following is the report of the Sel.at Committee
appointed " to inquire into the state of the colony of
New Zealand, and into the proceedings of the New
Zealand Company" :
The duty assigned to your Committee of inquiring
" into the state of the colony of New Zealand, and into
the proceedings of the New Zealand Company, and of
reporting their opinion thereupon to the House," they
have found to be one of no ordinary difficulty and deli-
cacy. An attempt at colonisation upon a very great scale,
and of the success of which high expectations had been
formed, has hitherto failed to realise the sanguine
hopes of its projectors. Instead of obtaining those ad-
vantages on which they had confidently reckoned as a
reward for their enterprise, and the privations to which
they have submitted, a large body of British settlers are
at this moment in a situation giving ground for very
serious anxiety, while the lives of several of their num-
ber have been unfortunately sacrificed. These unhappy
results have, moreover, been connected with differences
which have arisen, not only between the settlers and
the colonial authorities, but also between the New
Zealand Company (which reckons among its members
many gentlemen of high station and respecta-
bility) and the executive Government at home.
Under such circumstances, it will be obvious
that a very heavy and very unusual responsibility
is thrown upon your Committee when they are called
upon to express an opinion as to the causes of a state of
things so greatly to be lamented ; and though we have
endeavoured to execute this task to the best of our judg-
ment, we submit the result of our deliberations with
much diffidence to the House, and the more so because
the evidence before us, oral and documentary, is so ex-
ceedingly voluminous that we feel it would have required
much more time than was at our disposal to have digested
it as thoroughly as we could have wished.
It appears to your Committee that the difficulties now
experienced in New Zealand are mainly to be attributed
to the fact, that in the measures which have been taken
for establishing a British colony in these islands, those
rules as to the mode in which colonisation ought to have
been conducted, which have been drawn from reason and
from .experience, have not been sufficiently attended to.
When it was first proposed to establish New Zealand
as a British colony dependent upon New South Wales,
Sir George Gipps, the Governor of the latter, in a very
able address, laid down the following principles as those
on which he had framed the Bill which it was his duty to
submit to his Legislative Council for the regulation of the
infant colony of New Zealand :—" The Bill is founded,"
he said, " upon two or three general principles which,
until I heard them here controverted, I thought were fully
admitted, and indeed received as political axioms. The first I
is, that the uncivilised inhabitants of any country have
but a qualified dominion over it, or a right of occupancy
only ; and that, until they establish amongst themselves
a settled form of government, and subjugate the ground
to their own uses, by the cultivation of
,it, they cannot
grant to individuals not of their own tribe any portion
of it, for the simple reason, that they, have not them-
selves any individual property in it. Secondly, that if a
settlement be made in any such country by a civilised
power, the right of pre-emption of the soil—or, in other
words, the right of extinguishing the native title, is ex-
clusively in the government of that power, and cannot
be enjoyed by individuals without the consent of their
Government. The third principle is, that neither indi-
viduals, nor bodies of men belonging to any nation, can
form colonies, except with the consent, and under the
direction and control, of their own Government ; and
that from any settlement which they may form without
the consent of their Government they may be ousted.
This is simply to say, as far as Englishmen are con-
cerned, that colonies cannot be formed without the con-
sent of the Crown."
Referring to the speech of Sir George Gipps for the
argument in support of these rules, it may be observed,
that, with reference to New Zealand, they were, to a
certain extent, infringed by the irregular settlement
of British subjects on the shores of these islands,
which began many years ago ; but they seem to
have been first openly and deliberately departed from,
when an attempt was made by the New Zealand 1
Company to establish a colony, not only without the
sanction, but in direct defiance of the authority of the
Crown. This attempt led at once to a violation of the
law by the first settlers entering into a voluntary agree-
ment for the establishment of an authority by which
they hoped, in the absence of any legitimate power, to
maintain order amongst themselves. The illegality of
this arrangement was pointed out to the Conipany by
the then Secretary of State ; but the expedition sent
out to found what was to be, in fact, though unautho-
rised, a British colony, had already sailed. It is to be
regretted that more decisive measures were not adopted
for preventing the. sailing of the expedition under these
circumstances, since it appears important with reference
to the future to observe, that such unauthorised attempts
at colonisation cannot be permitted without leading to
the most serious inconvenience. When large numbers
of British subjects have established themselves in distant
regions, inhabited only by barbarous tribes, it is impos-
sible for her Majesty's Government to leave them ex-
posed, without protection, to the dangers which their
own rashness may draw down upon them, or to allow
them to exercise, without control, and perhaps to abuse
the power which their superior civilisation gives them
over the rude natives of the soil. Hence every new
establishment of this kind involves a new demand upon
the military and naval resources of the empire; but
the undue multiplication of such demands must occasion
a very heavy burden on the nation, and it therefore
fellows that enterprises of colonisation should only be
entered upon with the sanction and under the authority
of the Government. In this instance the irregular and
precipitate mode of sending out the first settlers had the
unfortunate effect of placing these settlers and the agents
of the New Zealand Company, from the very outset, on
unfriendly terms with the officer whom her Majesty's
Government found it necessary immediately to dispatch
from England for the purpose of eatablishing the au-
thority of the Crown in the island of New Zealand ; and
there can be no doubt that this want of a good under-
standing between those whose cordial co-operation with
each other was so essential to the welfare of the newly-es
tablished colony, has been one of the main causes of the
difficulties with which it has had to contend. In order to
avert these difficulties, which were soon seen to be likely
to arise, a charter of incorporation was
afterwards granted
to the New Zealand Company, :with the hope of placing
that body in friendly relations with her Majesty's Govern
ment ; but this attempt was defeated, partly by the jea-
lousies created between the respective servants of the Crown
and of the Company, by the error originally committed
by the latter ; partly by other causes of difficulty which
afterwards arose.. These are chiefly to be traced to the
means which were adopted for establishing the authority
of the Crown in New Zealand.
The sovereignty over these islands had, at an earlier
period, been formally disclaimed, and their independence
had been distinctly recognised, both by the Crown and
by Parliament. This course had been pursued because
it was considered, and (by no means upon light grounds)
that it was not advisable to extend British dominion in
these distant regions ; but in adopting this policy it was
overlooked, both by the advisers of the Crown and by
Parliament, was impossible to check the tide of
emigrationso strongly towards the shores of
which that i
sett
New Zealand, and that the regular establishment of
British power was the only practical mode of guard-
itig against the evils which could not fail to follow from
permitting a large number of Europeans to settle among
its uncivilised inhabitants without being subject to any
legitimate authority or control. Looking back at what
was then done, with the light to be drawn from subse-
quent experience, there is no room to doubt, that it
would have been far better if British dominion over
these islands had been asserted as early as 1832, or even
1825 ; but a different policy having been at that time