The Sun.
London, England, 1845-02-25 00:00:00

and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, Containing PARLIAMENTARY and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that Hour.

GREAT BRITAIN STEAM-SHIP at
BLACKWALL.

GRAVESEND STAR PACKETS leave the
Brunswick Pier, Blackwall, at 11, 3, and 4 on Sundays at

THE LATE REV. SYDNEY SMITH.
Sydney Smith was born at Woodford, in Essex, in 1768,
and, consequently, at his death, was 77 years of age. He
received the rudiments of his education at Winchester, and
was elected to New College, Oxford, in the year 1780, where,
ten years afterwards, he obtained a fellowship ; but it was not
until six years subsequent to the last-mentioned date that he
took the ;degree of M.A. Some years afterwards he became
tutor to the son of Mr. Beach, M.P. for Cirencester, and
accompanied him to Edinburgh, where he remained for five
years, during a considerable portion of which he officiated at
the Episcopal Chapel in that city. At this time and place
his career as an author may be said to have commenced;
and amongst the earliest of his literary acquaintances were
Lords Brougham, Jeffrey, and Murray. It was from a
suggestion of Mr. Smith that one of the most famous
periodicals in Europe originated. lie proposed to the noble
and learned persons just mentioned—all of them still living
—that they should unite with him in starting a review; and
of that publication the subject of this memoir was appointed
editor. Few readers require to be informed that the publi-
cation here referred to is one which has enjoyed almost unin-
terrupted popularity for a period of more than forty years,
under the title of the Edinburgh Review. Very soon after
the commencement of the Review Mr. Smith ceased to be
the editor, for he removed to London, where-he settled in the
year 1803, and in the 35th year of his age married the
daughter of Mr. Pybus, the banker.
Although Mr. Smith had now ceased to be the editor of
the Edinburgh Review—although he had, as he himself
modestly says," placed its management in the stronger hands
of Lord Jeffrey and Lord Brougham," he yet continued to be
one of its most active contributors, writing frequently on
prison discipline, on the abuses and corrupting' influence of
the game-laws, on transportation to Botany tay, on tolera-
tion, on Methodism, on education, on Irish bulls, mad
Quakers, chimney. sweepers, counsel for prisoners, and a
variety of other subjects. To the criticism of individual
writers, or the estimate of literary character, he gave but
little of his time or attention. The only person to whom he
has devoted more than a single article was the celebrated
Charles James Fox, a man for whom Mr. Smith's admiration
was intense.
In 1806, through the influence of the Whig Ministry, he
was appointed to a living in Yorkshire, but he was not long
settled there when the cry of "No Popery" expelled the
Government of that day from the councils of the King, and
Mr. Perceval ruled in their stead. It was then that the
most popular of Mr. Smith's works made its appearance.
The celebrated " Letters of Peter Plymley"—under which
designation it was the pleasure of Mr. Smith
then to write—went through so many editions that
the anti-Catholic party stood aghast, and really
trembled for Protestant ascendancy; but the citadel of
the old constitution in Church and State was not so
easily reduced. In the year 1831, during the Ministry of
Lord Grey, the Rev. Sydney Smith became one of the canons I
residentiary of St. Paul's. In 1829 he had received the rec- I
tory of Combe Florey, in Somersetehire, a living the value of
which is about 3001. per annum. Mr. Smith had by this
time declined into the vale of years, and the pecuniary ad- I
vantages derivable from the exercise of his literary powers
had ceased to become an object to him; his pen was, there-
fore, in some degree laid aside, and he was not induced to re-
sume it till an occurrence took place which he regarded as a
downright invasion of his property and of the rights of deans
and chapters, which as a member of one of those cor-
porations he had sworn to defend. This roused his ire
against Lord J. Russell, and produced some pithy and amusing
letters. His late letters on the honest Pennsylvanians are
fresh in the recollection of our readers. They supply
the most varied illustrations of knavery, the drollest sar-
casms on fraud, the most instructive satire on Republicanism,
and at the same time furnish no imperfect specimens of the
genius and character of the writer. The conversational wit-
ticisms of Sydney Smith would fill a jest-book ; but his cha-
racter will be estimated by posterity on far higher
grounds. It will be remembered that he supported
Roman Catholic claims, and that they were con-
ceded ; that he strenuously assailed the game-laws, and
that they underwent great modification ; that he com-
pelled a large portion of the public to acknowledge
the mischief of our penal settlements; that he became
the advocate of the wretched chimneysweepers, and their
miseries were alleviated; that he contended against many
of the unjust provisions of the Church Reform Bill, and they
were amended; that whereas, before his time, a man accused
at the bar of a criminal court might be hanged before he had
been half heard, now every prisoner has the benefit of a de-
fence by counsel. It will further be freely acknowledged,
that no public writer was more successful than he in de-
nouncing a political humbug, or demolishing a literary pre-
tender ; that he was, on the whole, an upright and a benevo-
lent man ; and, as the world goes, a disinterested politician ;
that he had opportunities of improving his fortune, which he
nobly rejected; and that, having lived with unostentatious
respectability, he died without accumulating wealth.—
Abridged from the Times.

PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS.

Tickets, enabling persons to go on board this magnificent Vessel,
with a free passage down the Blackwall Railway, and including
steam-boat fare to and from the Vsssel, can be obtained between
the hours of HALF-PAST EIGHT and FOUR (Sundays excepted), at
any of the Stations on the Railway, except those of Lit-Alehouse,
West India Docks, and Poplar, at the following prices ;—Second
Class, Is. Bd.; First Class, Is. 10d. Tickets to view the engines
can he obtained on board at an extra charge of Is. Parties walk
directly from the pier on board the steamer, which starts on the ar-
rival of each train.

11 and 3.

From Terrace Pier, Gravesend:l;i 9f, 1, and 5 ; on Sundays al

(From the Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons.)
MONDAY, FEB. 24.
WAYS AND MEANS.

91 and 5.
Fares to or from London.
Fore Cabin and Second Class Carriage, Ninepenee.
Saloon and First Class Carriage, One Shilling.
To or frona Blackwall.
Fare Cabin, Sixpence—Saloon, Ninepenee.
Office, Gravesend, Nov. 29, 1844.

Motion made, and Question proposed, " That the Order of the Day
for the Committee of Ways and Means he now read:"—Amendment
proposed, to leave out from the word " That" to the end of the Ques-
tion, in order to add the words " no arrangement of the Sugar Duties
will be satisfactory and permanent, which does not involve an
equalisation of Duty on Foreign and Colonial Sugar," instead
thereof :—Question put, " That the words proposed to be left out
stand part of the Question." The House divided :

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
PHILLIPS'S PATENT FIRE ANNIHILATOR, illustrated
by Dr. Ryan in his daily Lectures, and on the Evenings of
MONDAY, WEDNESDAY, and FRIDAY.—A Series of LEC-
TURES on ASTRONOMY by Professor Bachhcffner, on the Morn-
ings and Evenings of Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. during
Lent, accompanied by Dr. Wallis on BRAIII".4 CALOTONE,—RITE'S
PATENT SMOKE-CURING and VENTILATING ROOF, COWLS,
LAMP, and CHIMNEY-SWEEPING APPARATUS. Two beau-
tiful Pictures of the SHRINE of the NATIVITY are just added to
the NEW DISSOLVING VIEWS. CIIILDE'S CHROMATROPE.
TIIE I'ROTEOSCOPE. The PHYSIOSCOPE. 'EXPERIMENTS
by means of the DIVING BELL and DIVER, &c. &c.
Admission, Is. ; Schools, Half-price.

JELLY AND BLANC-MANGE.
SCHOLEFIELD'S Original CONCENTRATED
L. 7 JELLY and BLANC-MANGE require neither flavouring nor
sweetening, producing immediately, by the addition of boiling water
to the former, and boiling milk or cream to the 'attar, a quart of most
delicious Jelly and Blanc-Mange, equal in flavour, colour, and bril-
liancy to those prepared by the most complicated method.
Sold in pots at Is. 3d. each ; wholesale, at the manufactory, 7,
Trafalgar-place, Kentish-town ; Crosse and Blackwell, Soho-square ;
Barclay and Scam, Farringdon.street. Retail by all respectable
druggists, grocext, &c.

MAJORITY-AYES, 211.
Forbes, William Maxwell, J. P.
Fox, S. L. Meynell, Captain
Fremantle, Sir T. Miles, I'. W. S.
Fuller, A. E. Miles, William
Gladstone, W. E. Milnes, R. M.
Gladstone, Captain Morgan, Octavius
Godson, Richard Mundy, E. M.
Gordon, Captain Newdegate, C. N.
Goring, Charles Newport, Viscount
Goulburn, Henry Newry, Viscount
Graham, Sir J. Nicholl, John
Granby, Marquis Northland, Viscount
Greenall, Peter O'Brien, A. S.
Greene, Thomas Owen, Sir John
Gregory, W. H. Packe, C. W.
Grogan, Edward Pakington, J. S.
Hale,R. B. Patten, J. W.
Ha'ford, Sir H. Peel, Sir Robert
Hamilton, W. J. Peel, Jonathan
Hamilton, Lord C. Pennant, Colonel
Hanmer, Sir J. Plumptre, J. I'.
Harcourt, G. G. Polhill, Frederick
Harris, Captain Praed, W. T.
Hayes, Sir E. Pringle, Alexander
Heneage, G. H. W. Reid, Sir John
Henley, J. W. Repton, G. W. J.
Hepburn, Sir T. E. Round, John -. ~
_.
Herbert, Sidney Eons, Captain
Hillsborough, Earl Rushbrooke, Colonel
Hinde, J. H. Russell, Lord J.
Hobhouse, Sir J. Russell, Charles
Hodgson, F. Ryder, G. D.
Hogg, J. W. Sanderson, Richard
Hope, Charles Bandon, Viscount
Hope, Alexander Sibthorp, Colonel
Hope, G. W. Smith, Abel
Hughes, W. B. Smith, T. B. C.
Hussey, Thomas' Smythe, George
Ingestrie, Viscount Somerset, Lord G.
Irton, Samuel Sotheron, T. 11.
James, William Stanton, W. H.
James, Sir W. C. Stewart, John .
Jermyn, Earl Stuart, Henry
Jocelyn, Viscount Sutton, Henry
Johnstone, Hope Talbot, C. R.
Jones, Captain' Taylor, Edward
Kemble, Henry Taylor, J. A.
Labouchere, Henry Tennent, J. E.
Lambton, H. Thornhill, George
Law, C. E. Tollemache, John
Lawson, Andrew Trench, Sir F. W.
Legh, G. C. Trevor, G. It.
Lennox, Lord A. Trollope, Sir J.
Leslie, C. P. Trotter, John
Lincoln, Earl Tyrrell, Sir J. T.
Lockhart, William Vane, Lord 11.
Lowther, Sir J. H. Waddington, 11. S.
Lowther, Colonel Walsh, Sir J. B.
Lygon, General Wellesley, Lord C.
M`Geachy, F. A 4 Winnington, Sir T.
Mackenzie, T. Wodehouse, Edmond
Mackenzie, W. F. Wood, Colonel
Mackinnon, W. J. Wood, Colonel T.
Macnamara, Major Wortley, James S.
IPNeill, Duncan Wortley, John S.
Mainwarieg, T. Wyndham, Colonel
Manners, Lord C. S. Yorke, E. T.
Manners, Lord J.
Marsham, Viscount
Martin, C. W.
Martin, T. B.
Masterman, John

A'Court, Captain
Adderley, C. B.
Ainsworth, Peter
Aliord, Viscount
Allix, J. P.
Antrobus, Edmund
Arbuthnott, 11.
Archdall, Captain
Arkwright, George
Arundel, Earl of
Astell, William
Bagot, William
Bailey, J., jun.
Bailie, Colonel
I3aillie, 11. J.

VAUXHALL COMPOSITE CANDLES,
Bs. 6d. per doz.
PRICE'S PATENT CANDLES, 10s. 6d. per doz.
GENUINE WAR CANDLES, 28s. per doz.

These three sorts of Candles are all precisely alike in their burn-
ing qualities, but the Vauxhall Composites are rather softer than
the Price's Patent, and thence the difference in price. Even those
who aro compelled to study economy alone, should burn them in pre-
ference to Tallow Dips.
_ _

Baird, W Iliam
Barclay, David
Baring, F. T.

Patent Cocoa Nut Lamp Oil, warranted equal in every respect to
the (blest Sperm, 4s. per gallon.
WINI. MARCIIANT, 253, Regent-circus, Oxford-street.

REPLY TO " JACK FROST'S " LETTER.
Dear Jack—We consider we cannot do better
Than make a reply to your very kind letter.
You say that you mean to continue the cold ;
Now this is a pity—nay, think us not bold.
You must recollect, Jack, that it's very near March,
And time for the sun-rays to gild the blue arch.
The primrose is waiting to put on his bloom,
And the daisy is anxious to leave his dark tomb ;
And thousands of persons are longing to don
The lovely spring-garments of MOSES and SON.
You tell us our garbs must, at once, be increas'd
To a mighty extent—twenty thousand, at least.
Now here we would beg to inform you, dear Jack,
That we never forget to remember the back.
With a stock such as ours, we've not any reason
To fear the most sudden returns of the season.
In the middle of summer our mart can afford
Warm garments for customers living abroad ;
So you see, Mr. Frost, if you still should persist
In chilling the air with your cold and your mist,
We've warm winter-garments in boundless supplies,
Which happily spare us a sudden surprise.
And now, with warm thanks for your hints, Master Jack,
And hoping, sincerely, you'll soon turn your back,
We beg to remain, as we always have done,
Your obedient servants,—E. MOSES and SON.
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT!
The Public are specially informed that, during the re-erection of
E. MOSES and SON'S premises in Aldgate, the entrance to their
Establishment is only at 154, Minories.
A new work, entitled " THE COMMERCIAL PHENOMENON,"
with full directions for Self-Measurement, on application, will be
forwarded post free. _

This day is published, Price 65., cloth,
Vol. I. of a NEW EDITION' of
TEN THOUSAND A YEAR
By SAMUEL WARREN, F.R.S.,
Author of " Passages from the Diary of a Late Physician."
Revised and corrected, with Notes and Illustrations.
To be completed in three volumes.
:William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.:

Baring, Thomas
Barneby, John
Baskerville, T. B.
Beckett, William
Bentinck, Lord G.
Berkeley, Grantley
Blackstone, W. S.
Blakemere, Richard
Bodkin, W. H.

Boldero, H. G.
Borthwick, Peter
Bottleld, Beriah
Bowles, 4.dmiral
Bramston, T. W.
Brisco,
Broadley, Henry
Brownrigg, J. S.
Bruce, Lord E.
Buller, Sir J. Y.

Burroughs, 11. N.
Cardwell, Edward
Charteria, Francis
Cholmondeley, 11.
Clayton, It. It.

Clerk, Sir a
Clifton, J. T.
Clive, Viscount

Clive, R. IL

Cockbnrn,lSir G.
Codrington, Sir W.
Co1(111110mi, J. C.
Colvile, C. R.

Connolly, Colonel
Corry, Henry
Courtenay, Lord
Cripps, William
Darby, George

£ s. d.
............from 0 8 6
0 10 6

0 13 6

.... 1 5 0

Denison, E. 13,

Dickinson, F. 11.
Dodd, George
Douglas, Sir H.

~. .
Douglas, J. D. S.
Drummond, H. H.
Dugda:e, W. S.
Duncombe, 0.

East, J. B.
Egerton, W. T.

Egerton, Sir P.

Emlyn, Viscount
Eutwisle, William
Farnham, E. E.
Fitzmaurice, W.

- -, -
Fitzroy, Henry

Flowei; Sir J.

TELLERS.
Baring, Henry
Young, John

MINORITY—NOES, 84.
Aglionby, H. A. Ellis, Wynn Osborne, Ralph
Aldam, William Evans, William Paget, Colonel
Barnard, E. G. Ewart, William Pattison, James
Berkeley, H. F. Fitzroy, Lord C. Philips, Mark
Blewitt, R. J. Fox, C. R. Plumridge, Captain
Bowring, Dr. Gill, Thomas Ponsonby, C. F. A.
Bright, John Gisborne, Thomas Pulsford, Robert
Brotherton, J. Gore, Robert Ricardo, J. L.
Buller, Charles Guest, Sir J. Roebuck, J. A.
Buller, Edward Hawes, Benjamin Ross, David It.
Busfeild, William Hayter, W. G. Russell, Lord E.
Cobden, Richard Ilindley, Charles Somerville, Sir W.
Colborne, W. N. R. Holland, Robert Stansfleld, W. It. C.
Colebroeke, Sir T. Horsman, Edward Stuart, W. V.
Collett, John Howard, E. G. Strickland, Sir G.
Craig, W. G. /lowick, Viscount Strutt, Edward
Crawford, W. S. lltunphery, Alderman Thornely, Thomas
Currie, Raikes Langston, J. H. Trelawny, J. S.
Dalmeny, Lord Leveson, Lord: Turner, Edmund
Dennistouni J. Macaulay, T. B. Villiers, Charles
Duke, Sir J. Marshall, William Wakley, Thomas
Duncan, Viscount Martin, John Walker, Richard
Duncan, George Mitcalfc, Henry Warburton, Henry
Duncannon, Viscount Mitchell, T. A. Ward, H. G.
Dun combe, Thomas Morris, David Watson, W. H.
Dundas, Frederick Morison, General Wawn, J. T.
Dundas, David Napier, Sir C.I TELLERS.
Easthope, Sir J. O'Connell, M. J. Gibson, T. M.
Ebrington, 'Viscount Ord, William Bouverie, E. P.

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning, Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION at ONE CHARGE,

juice, nor a syllable about sugar in solution; the co-
lonist may import, for ought the resolutions say to the
contrary, fine white sugar in a solution of discoloured liquid,
which colouring might be easily removed in this country,
and such a solution would be admitted at the same duty as
molasses.

We have now concluded our remarks on the sugar resolu-
tions, as far as they relate to British sugars; we do not enter
upon the duties on foreign sweet, because they are nothing
more than a repetition of the same absurdities. Had the
Minister proposed to reduce the duty on all muscovado
sugar, we should have hailed the measure with joy, as a
great benefit to the consumer, but when we find that the
proposed partial reduction will cause the serious de-
ficiency of 1,300,000/. (and nobody knows how much
more), as stated by Sir Robert Peel, and that that deficiency
is to be made good by an income-tax, the case is altogether
altered, and we should say, only reduce the sugar duties to
that extent which would occasion no deficiency, and let us
have no inquisitors to invade the privacy of our concerns.
In fact, rather than have an income-tax, Sir Robert had
better have left the sugar duties alone. There can be no
question the sugar duties, as proposed by the resolutions, were
conceived for the especial purpose of putting 2,600,0001.
into the pockets of the British sugar producers, under the
specious pretence of giving the consumer his sugar at three
halfpence a pound cheaper—a prediction which never can be
fulfilled by carrying these resolutions out. But submit the
consumers must to the iniquity, because Sir Robert Peel com-
mands a majority consisting of monopolists.

COUNTY MAGISTRATES.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,—As hardly a day occurs without meeting with
reports in the newspapers of the gross ignorance of Jus-
tines.of the Peace, perhaps you tiny not deem the fol-
lowing observations on the mode ef appointment of such
dignitaries out of place, especially as a new commission
has just issued. Justices of the Peace were originally
elected by the people, under the somewhat different name
of Conservators of the Peace. This, however, was taken
from the public by King Edward 111., who took upon
himself to appoint persons to fill this office, and then,
first, such appointment was called the King's
commission. This was settled by all the judges in the
year 1690, to issue under the Great Seal, and all justices
are appointed by it, the Custos Rotulorum being the
principal for his county, and the King for the whole
kingdom. Thus it may be perceived that all justices
are appointed by the Crown, and it is but natural for
the mass of the public to suppose that they are carefully
selected out of the rest of mankind for their great legal
acumen, their sound practical knowledge of the laws they
undertake to administer, and their general erudition.
Such is a very pleasing theory, but let us see what is
the practice. The Lord Lieutenant for each county re-
turns upon his own responsibility a list of fit and proper
persons to the Lord Chancellor, who thereupon ap-
points them as a matter of course, doubtlessly supposing
that in his situation the Lord-Lieutenant, never for one
moment, has suffered himself to be acted upon by
party bias or private motives. If the Lord
Chancellor does believe this, I pity his incredulity, for it
is notorious, that each Lord-Lieutenant, according to his
political feelings, sends in a list of his own supporters,
and, what is even worse, suffers the lowest relatives of
his land agents, and other hangers-on, to be stuck in
among the rest, together with the sycophantic holders ,
of kis livings, parties ready at all times to do his bidding,
be it what it may ; and thus, to use the learned Black-
stone's words, " the extensive power of a justice of the
peace, which, even in the hands of men of honour. duly
qualified for so important a trust, is highly formidable,
is prostituted to mean and scandalous purposes, to the
low ends of selfish ambition, avarice, or personal resent-
ment ; and from these ill consequences we may collect
the prudent foresight of our ancient law-givers, who suf-
fered neither the property or the punishment of the
people to be determined by the opinion of any one or
two men."

These are the words of a writer nearly a hundred
years ago, and may, with much greater force, be applied
now, when the powers of magistrates are so extensively
enlarged, and when everybody who tacks " esquire" after
his name, be his mental qualification ever so low, and
every parson on the same side of politics with the Lord-
Lieutenant, is thrust into the commission of the peace,
until, what were formerly a select few, have become a
mob of petty judges—a set of men licensed, as it were,
to dispose of the liberty and property of their fellow-
men, merely because they are ready to follow their
patron through any dirty path he may select, and
chance to have as much land as will give them one
hundred pounds a-year. Really, Sir, if we were to
read of such a mode of appointing judges amongst
the Chinese or any other people we have been
accustomed to look down upon, a smile of contempt fur
their laws would instantly cross Gur features, and yet
hero, in England, in the nineteenth century, a certain
small sum of money per annum (if derivable from land,
for, if otherwise, it has no such efficacy) has the
miraculous power of rendering a man a fit and proper
person to sit in judgment on the rest of mankind, and
by a kind of legerdemain, to instil all the concen-
trated essence of legal knowledge—the multorum Ca-
melot-um onus the superabundance of my Lord-
Lieutenant's own knowledge, into the heads of his
subordinates. The clergy, too, the rpeacemakers
of Government, the preachers of brotherly love, are un-
seemingly placed in the commission, and, I regret to say,
are always the most severe, I may say savage, dispensers
of the laws they are ignorant of. I was much
pleased, some years ago, to hear the Lord-Lieute-
nant of a county, which shall at present be nameless,
affirm that he had made up his mind not to place any
more clergymen in the commission of the peace, and
highly respectable parties who had applied for that
honour were satisfied with this answer. Well, Sir, in a
few years after, to the surprise of all, a parson, a near
relative of one of the chief underlings of the custos, was
appointed magistrate, and the door being once opened a
whole shoal of small fry rushed in. So much for free-
dom from private motives and party bias ! With regard
to the mode of the administration of the laws by their
worships, I shall merely add that, for many years past,
I have constantly attended at quarter sessions
and magistrates' meetings, and, from long observation,
I do not hesitate to affirm that the generality
of county magistrates are acted upon by party
feeling, and other motives foreign to their character as
judges. Ido not for a moment mean to say that know-
ingly they do so, but it is impossible for men not legally
educated, wholly to divest themselves of such feelings.
In support of my assertion, look at the game convictions,
peruse the appeals from magistrates' decisions, and lastly
compare the punishment of offenders at quarter sessions
with men tried for the same crimes at assizes. Should
you, Sir, be pleased to give insertion to this somevi hat
lengthy letter, I doubt not a host of heroes will jump up
ready to defend the system hereby condemned ; but at
this.l shall rejoice, for the more the matter is brought
before the public eye, the more likely are we to have a
remedy applied to the evil. I have been behind the
scenes for nearly twenty years, and I could say much, but
for the present I have done, and remain obediently yours,
A BARRISTER AND ACTING MAGISTRATE.