The Sun.
London, England, 1845-03-24 00:00:00

l in power, and, alti-n le-
‘ arils, to a limit( d extent,
r3l
• Sydenharn. The not elven:Ave and liberal re'cii,
the Uritish Cit,t,,ms duties, since 111 r. Pat's 131.
1787, is the tariff of 1842.
"In France, neit her the Government nor the Legiid
have admitted tv4 .11 the principle of free-trade.
the limited coma' erce of that country with othtril,
which, in regard to impor,s, is restricted; eitecrP
smuggling, nearly altogether to raw materials ()It'd
necessity to her manutacturcs, as cotton, wOOl,ll-
dyestuffs, &c. 'There was one remarkable, but bet
lalpt
ception to the generally unsound commercial legi:jer)
of France. That exception consisted of the 010
duties on imports into France from England, as 6°90
on Mr. Pitt's celebrated treaty sigred at Versa'
the 26th of September, 1786 *
eter
" A war of material interests, or, more s,t,‘
speaking, of material injuries—that is, a war of c;so
homes or fiscal forts, with their garrisons of re rf,
officers and servants, has long be en declared andfre
on between most European nations. This warnioii
interests, or injuries, has net ceased with the
bloodshed, and it we may ever expect sectuity apr
a recurrence of the calamities attendant on, and Dieoo
pent to the latter, it will be in destroying the oetrodi
of the former—in short, by the extensitn of free.
between all nations."

„
” *The Revo7ution annulled, at the same
gr
treaty and its Lhiral principles of commerce and 0„' y
thin. It is Ly far the most remarkable cornmereiltel
on record. According to its stipulations, the 31
and inhabitants of the respective dominions of the boo
sovereigns shall have liberty freely and securely Ol!es,
license or passport, general or special, by land or 100,i,
or in any other way, to enter into the kingdoms,
oaf
nions, provinces, counties, islands, cities, villages, ',col.
walled or unwalled, fortified or unfortified, ports or 'of
tories whatsoever, situated in Europe, of the Ow 601
reigns, and to return from thence, remain there,°rt.;sll
through the same, and therein to buy and pureii„-tw
things necessary for their subsistence or use, and
shall mutually be treated with all kindness and Iticor
Provided, however, that in all these matters the) snie
form themselves to the laws and statutes.' The'€The
freedom wr.s extended to ships and merchandise. 01
duties to be paid on French commodities in Ong
of
were rated as follows :—Wines, no higher duties thsPo,
those of Portugal. (In Ireland no more than the lc
initial duties then paid on foreign wines.) Vinegsrsof
than half the previous duty. Olive oil, the lowest AO'
paid by the most favoured nation. Brandy, seen, ,ied
lings per gallon. The following duties were to be'd
reciprocally in both kingdoms: viz.—Hardiearesieo
cutlery of all kinds, and of whatever metals, ees
wares, furniture, turnery, &e., not higher than I°„rol
cent. ad valorem. Cotton an woollen-manufactUre'ot
all kinds (except mixed with silk) 12 per cent. 6501
of all sorts 10 per cent. Linens, same ditties as find,
from Holland. Saddlery, 15 per cent. Millineod
12 per cent. Plate and glass wares, porcelain
earthenware, 12 per cent."

' The latest accounts from Switzerland are to the 19reelp
inst., and not very satisfactory. The Diet cannot sg o
I on the course which should be pursued with regaruo
the three questions at issue. The Diet met 011
18th, and continued the debates for nine houe•
majority declared for the expulsion of the Jesut
while the minority said their; cantons would red,
any summons to remove the Jesuits from their Vibe
tories. The proposition of the majority, declaritig 0(t
total expulsion of the Jesuits, was adopted by ten
two half-states, namely, Berne, Soleure, 200
Schaffhausen, Argau, Vaud, Thurgovia, Grp l¢
Glaris, Zurich, Exterior Appenzell, and Best
country. The cantons which declared egslti,
entertaining the Jesuit question at all are-- 0,
Schweitz, Untervvald, Zug, Lucerne, Friburg, Ia
rior Appenzell, Valais, and Neufchatel to
(eight;
a half states). This division, it appears, will les'ar
no result, as it requires twelve votes to teak the bat
cision valid. On the 19th the Diet again Inet,'blit
nothing decisive was done. It was understood 'a,
the question relative to the Jesuits would be °oe,
journed till the Deputies could receive fresh instr of
tions from the different cantons. At the meetivg.,o%
the Diet on the 18th the President made the folloly.
announcement respecting M. GUIZOT'S note to
" When the French Ambassador waited upon it me
present his dispatch he declared to me at the WI it, of
that France had no intention to meddle in the e",",,de.
Switzerland—that she would always respect her -(114
pendence, and that the step he then tcok was dictate, 0,
lriendly motives. I replied, that I accepted his dec„snif
tions with pleasure, and that it was on that conditiocithe
I could consent to receive the copy of the dispatch of the
French Cabinet. In compliance with the wistlee°"oo
Committee of the Diet, I have thought proper to el'`'
to the Swiss Chat-Le d'Affaires, at l'aris, a dispatch c
taining a vindication of the rights of Switzerland fi!zot.
independent power, and a reply to the note of 31. 61110
A copy of it will be given to the Ambassador of Frs,-,;;Ir
and the document afterwards communicated to the vw
federated States."

Madrid journals of the 16th have been recei/e4'
The Chamber of Deputies was engaged in discus;
in,; the Bill for restoring the unsold Our
property. Little opposition is made to the measure,
and as it is regarded as a peace-offering to the r°ret
it will pass without molification. The Committee;
to whom the new electoral Bill had been refi'lleil;
were favourable to the principle, and that als°,Ws
become a law. Generals ARISTIZABAL and dtl:td.
AMETTLER have been permitted to return to Madesll
The Three per Cents. closed on the 15th at 30:
at 60 days; the Four Cents. at 24 at 60 days, i,st
1 per cent. premium; the Five per Cents. at 26 the
60 days ; the Coupons at 28i at 40 days; and /I
/I
Debt without Interest at 7 11-16 for cash, and
at 60 days. . _

The Journal des Debats contains an article on 1;
Bill for preventing gambling in railway selletehist
which embodies just observations, not only °°.;,,-,it
measure but many others, which from some ac's to
or whim on the part of a few Members give ri.s,e;pg
unnecessary legislation. This is one of the bese"og
sins of the House of Commons, for while the onsti-io
laws are sufficiently stringent and even apPlieB,lll: if
most cases, meddling persons bring in neW BilAsAl •
their only object were to obtain notoriety and
crease the severity of the law against the tin' 6
sented portion of the community. According to `the
able French journal the law now provides f°l. "to
punishment of fraudulent schemes, which aPPlies-.
railway companies as well as others. It is inctiniof
bent upon the Legislature," it says, I, to aPr
itself to reform, and even to prevent, °busis'
It is, therefore, right that the coma:ler%,
and penal codes should provide against the
,c,obi,
sequences of jobbing, and restrain the practice. 'tai,
is what has made the authors of our codes inArneri,o•
They have nullified all time bargains, because t'if
are a cloak in which gambling loves to clothe Wed,
They have inflicted pains and penalties on ail 54.11„,c,
tricks on the Stock-Exchange as tend to create '"os
titious rise or fall. They have stopped there, end no,
without having well considered the question, beetle
they have been afraid to confine the freedoin
of
money transactions, of restricting the circular/ee
capital, which is the essence ofcommerce. They bare
moreover believed that the public ministers of Jus-of
would be vigilant, and take care that all violations
the law should be punished, and the public mile/tee
have done their hest. They have in like Weraird,
given to these laws a general character, gtisoch
ing themselves against legislating upon efelt
species of jobbing, because they beve ke
that by attempting to do this they would re-
e,
te
r
ceive code an endless volume. These, if we do not to
ceive ourselves, are good precedents whichshould eeost
be departed from. Have a holy indignation 0111.,0t
jobbing, and the world will applaud you ; but (If'
make laws ab irato, for they would be at best ileitirrs
plicable, which is always an evil. Now, it aP.rthe
to us that the Hon. Proposer of the Bill
„ill' ks,
Chamber of Peers, and the Minister of Public iv
Co'°o
who rivalled Count DARU in zeal, and the wise
tho
mittee which has laid both the propositions 01
,0
ciertoo`
Minister and of the Count upon the slips in or
fit them together into one only, have listened
much much to the counsels of their own generous illat ve
tion, and, under the influence of this noble rage' the
lost sight of the excellent examples given
illustrious authors of the codes, and the
introduced by them into our monuments of legbeelsi 0
tion. They have forgotten that there havel
vigilant Procureurs du Roi attached to the tri.bil.Lit
of
who knew how to be strict ; they have lost sight it
the Council of State and the Ministers, whose de
_Yoe
is to scrutinise, article by article, the statutes of 0:00
panies ; they have, in fine, acted as if there wetr.ob,
prescripviulty,
other jobbing than in railroad shares, and that)
bing attacked in that point must of necessity

render at discretion." in
The observations made by Sir RouERT r°
of
the House of Commons, relative to the effilir;tsioo
Greece, have attracted the notice of the OpPl,wia,
journals, and it is curious, in reading their renl3'r;
to see how exactly they imitate certain London Puof
nals, in throwing the blame of any untoward
the Greek Government on their opponents. ISTlot:ilfilg
the French Minister at Athens is said to be
against English interests, the Constitutionne/ serrrh-at
•L'''
only culpable foreign agent is Sir E. LYONS. )",,f-r
•
journal quotes Sir ROBERT PEEL'S reply to
CO,CWEIReANsta
lal n dnotthesnaya dtdhsa
at this little discussion -13'