The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-11 00:00:00

WOODEN RAILWAYS. t MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.
(From the Waterford Nail of Deceit:l)er 7.) (From the Limerick Chronicle, Dec. 7.)
On Thu-slay last Mr. Bridges, the secretary to the The first division of the 6th Regiment, under
Waterford and Kilkenny Railway Company, de- Mejor Crofton, landed at Kingstown on Thursday,
livered an address on this subject to a numerous and from Liverpool, and proceeding to Dublin by railway,
respectable audience in the Town Hall. Mr. Bridges took up their quarters at Richmond barracks.
urged the great importance of railway communication Her Majesty's steam-vessel Dee has sailed from
in Ireland, and especially insisted on the necessity of ; Cork for Liverpool, to convey the 2d division of the
economy in construction of Irish railways. With 6th Regiment from Liverpool to Dublin, and 56th
respect to the system of wooden railways, which he Regiment from Dublin to Liverpool; 14th depot
had been deputed by English capitalists to advocate from Dublin to Liverpool, and 67th Regiment from
and introduce as far as possible, a very few words Liverpool to Dublin.
would suffice to explain the•ratianale and advantages. Head• quarters and four companies 16th Regiment,
Wooden railways had formerly been extensively used under command of Lieut.-Colonel Campbell, with
in England in the colliery districts. These had been . band and colours, arrived at Cork yesterday, by the
gradually superseded by rail, of cast iron, and after- ' Rhadainanthus steamer, from Dublin. His Excel-
wards of malleable iron; but an impression was now alency Sir Edward Blakeney and General Wyndham
becoming very general that the use of wood under were pleased to bestow high encomiums on this fine
certain conditions would be infinitely preferable, both regiment for their efficiency and good conduct. Their
on the score of economy and efficiency, to the present excellent commanding officer, Lieut.-Colonel Camp-
system of iron railways.. To preserve the elasticity bell, is much esteemed and respected.
of the wood, and at the same time to indurate it Head-quarters and four companies of the 32d Re-
and arrest the liability to decay, had been the . giment, under Major-General Hill, marched from
first desideratum. These difficulties had been Richmond barracks, Dublin, on Wednesday, to re-
completely met by a process invented by Mr. lieve the head-quarter division of the 16th Regiment,
Charles Payne, which might be very shortly at Great Ship-street barracks. Major Brookes is
explained. 'The tithber- was placed in a vacuum, commanding four companies at Aldborough House.
and after exhaustion was impregnated under t Officers on leave, 66th Regiment, Royal Barracks,
a high pressure, first, with a cheap metallic solution, Dublin, Lieut. Col. Johnston, to 31st Dec. ; Captains
such as sulphate of iron, and thereafter with the mu- I Sir W. Gordon on sick leave; Dames, to 30th Dec. ;
elate of lime. There was thus produced within the Rainsford, until Gazetted—this is the only officer left
wood, h'' decomposition, a perfectly insoluble matter, in the regiment that was at St. Helena. At head-
and the wood was, as it were, virtually transmuted quarters, nine companies, consisting of 42 sergeants,
into another ,abstatice almost incapable of decay. It 12 drummers, and 722 rank and file. Brevet Lieut.
was, however, still liable and exposed to abrasion i Colonel G-oldie is commanding.
from what Mr. Robert Stephenson had calied the i Captain Lord Casino Russell, extra A.D.C. to the
"horrible collision" of the flange and the conical tire Commander of the Forces, has arrived in Dublin from
es now ituele use of. To obviate this evil, Mr. Pros- leave and resumed his duties.
ser's patknt was devised—that is to say, the flange An ancient b,trorietcy is about to he revived in the
was entirely removed from the tire or rim of the person of Lieut. John Aitgustus Keyt, 85th Light
bearing wheels, and a mere guide wheel, fixed on an Infmtry.
oblique axis, and not bearing perpendicularly on the Lietti„-Colonel Townsend has joined head-quarters
rails, was substituted. .Fhis guide wheel, without 24th Regiment Kilkenny, from leave of absence.
any perceptil)le friction merely retained the carriages i Captain Marsh is stetioned at Athy with a company.
and engines on their route, and. eibuitted of the use j Captail- l'falTis at Maryborough with a company.
of beiving wheels perfectly smooth and cylindrical. Captain Riley is stationed with a company at Carrick-
Mr. Bridles then briefly, but pointed!y, • touched .on-Suir. Csptain 11l ichford is at New Ross, with a
upon the various advantages as reepected economy, compa7-, v. Major Doyle is stationed at Carlow with
(efficiency, saf4:ty and comfort, to ari&e f,oni two folf..conivinies, consisting of 200 rank and file.
the adoption of the new system. Ile announced . company of the 36th, from Newry, has replaced
that public confidence was now so far with those the 14th depot, at Belturbet.
he represented that more than double the ce.pi- The last company of the 14th depot from Belturbet,
tal requisite ,
.for the Waterford and Kilkenny will halt to-morrow at Ballyiamesduff, en route to
line had been subscribed, and that on a visit to Dublin, to join head-quarters, and embark there for
Cork, in reference to a line projected from that ' England.
city on the same principle, he had been received Captain Clarke and Lieut. 'Wells, 62d, obtain pro-
with extreme cordiality and kindness by some of the motion shortly, on the retirement of Major Astier,
principal merchants interested, who agreed to take who returns from India on sick leave.
shares, while the noblemen and gentlemen holding The Queen's Bays, at Longford, received this week
the land were, it was understood through their agents, their quota of carbine ammunition and percussion
equally disposed to favour the undertaking. 'We caps for the season, from Athlone magazine; and the
think it unnecessary to repeat at full length all Mr. 38th depOt at Boyle, a supply of practice ammunition
Bridges arguments, especially as regards the great ! and percussion caps.
facility of traversing sharp curves and overcoming Captain Briscoe's Troop Queen's Bays has arrived
gradients, which the comparative deficiency of bite at Longford, and joined head-quarters, having been
on the iron rail is held to preclude upon the latter i relieved by a troop of the same corps.
system, as we have already quotedseveral articles upon The 85th depot received their supply of autumnal
the subject embracing the details, and which are ammunition this week at Derry ; also the 11th
already familiar to our readers. Several questions Hussars at Dundalk, and 36th Regiment at Newry.
were put to the lecturer by scientific gentlemen pre- The :65th Regiment, at Castlebar, will receive
sent. Whether the Paynising process could be made season ammunition on Monday, from the Ordnance
available for house-building, and also the price per depot, Athlone.
load, and -its applicability to other general purposes The 69th Regiment, Templemore, 35th, 81st and
besides railroads ; and what experience there had been -93 d depots, in the Limerick district,- received their
of the system, whether the friction of eight wheels autumnal supply of practice ammunition, this week,
would not be greater than that of four wheels from the Ordnance magazine, at Athlone.
even with flanges as .in the old system ; and The 6th Dragoon Guards, according to the rotation
whether the effect of the process reached to the very system, are first for service abroad, having returned
heart of the wood or was . merely superficial. Mr. from Buenos Ayres in 1808. The 11th, 15th, 54th,
Bridges stated that the Paynising process was a Fin- 601
61st, and 66th, returned from service in 1840.
ciple of nature universally applicable. Wherever The regiments of the line are to be served out with
timber in contact with iron had been subjected to the springs to fix the bayonet, beyond the chance of being
action of salt water, as in the case of a vessel sub.- struck off by accident .or collision.
merged, the wood could not decay. General Pasley A detachment of 17 rank and file from Plymouth
on blowing up the Edgar, a vessel which had been has joined Colonel Burton's battalion Royal Marines
sunk three hundred years ago, found this to be the at Cove of Cork.
case in the baulks of that vessel. The -common Captain J. Tancock (1812), of Torpoint, Cornwall,
English woods subjected to the process received the has had conferred on him by the Admiralty the vacant
finest polish, and were more beautiful than any out-pension of Greenwich Hospital.
foreign woods; and on explaining the principle to a
very influential and intelligent shipowner and mer-
chant of Cork, he had been assured by that gentle-
man that the process, if practice accorded with
theory, would be invaluable in ship-building as well
as in cabinet-making. The price per load of fifty
cubic feet was fourteen shillings, and the experience
of the system extended to several very satisfactory
experiments, amongst which might be mentioned,
that the experiment line at Vauxhall had been
traversed. 28,000 times by a heavy engine, with-
out in the least affectityx the saw -marks on the
wood, and that a tratnway of Paynised wood
laid dawn at a coal wharf in London had borne
the gradual weight of' 27,000 tons without any
effect being produced. As .to the question of the
comparative friction of eight wheels or four, the
actio>> of the guide wheels and the bearing evheels
which made up that numher, was perfectly distinct
and independent; and the number of wheels induced
no addition whatever to the friction. In truth, 20
cylind:ie.d.wheels with guile wheels would have loss.
Irictioti than four of the flanged wheels at present in
vogue. The effect of the process was to permeate
the who'e subjected to it, so that a chemical
lest applied to the heart Of thewood would affeet it
Audi ly s ith the surface.
Mr. .Boles ROBINSON, after some very pertinente
questions, which were replied to by Mr. Bridges, ex-
pressed himself perfectly satisfied as to: the import-
ance of both the inventions, and that it avas advisable
they should have a fair and an extensive trial. If
sound, the systeni' would eventually supersede all
others.
Mr. BRIDGeS observed that nothing was more pro-
bable, inasmuch as it had just. been determined by
the Directors of the West London Railway, which
connects the Great Western and the London - and
Birmingham, to take up-the iron rails, and lay down
the line with' Paynised wood, in combination with
the Presser guide w heels.—The meeting then separated,

NEW ZEALAND.
HeTh, e following is a copy of the mernoria! of Francis
!1)- to Lord Stanley, dated July, 1844
coaaat memorialist purchased front the New Zealand
eitilliaPanaa in August, 180, a section of land comprised
111 what is termed the " second series" of their :settle-
he at in Noir Zealand. That by the " terms of purchase"
aHas entitled to choose the aforesaid section, not only
_alaY3 of the settlements or territories alleged to be then
fa Pa sesaion of or claimed by the said Company, but also
N"Y others they may at any tune afterwards acquiret'W Zealand. That rnerworialiat was induced to make
teat
purchase from the apparent. respectability of said
ilarPanY,particularly the Director* thereof, and from
the Published statements and advertisements, in which
larY slated themselves to be already in possession of
liatge
h t tracts of letei in that country, and to have dis-
;utryteelvia and
daapeditioniie to purchase other lands also
that they had sent out a large " staff " of
witl h expedition," in order to hare the
ready for selection and delivery on the arrival of the
P.a,achasers and intended settlers under said Company ;
whisk lands under those and .many other seductive
.ratatinistances they publicly offered for sale. That memo- I
arliar,lii,s,tseesigrated with his family and a servant (in all '
~,a. outs), in Sept., 1839, with the tullea., confidence
' most statements, and also with the repeated asSuranees
hi_ Ntr • Ward (the then secretary of said Company), that
eMorialist would be put into possession of his land
that, a few weeks after his arrival in New Zealand; but
II notwithstanding, he hag never since obtained it.
lan,a,t memorialist arrived in Port Nicholson, New Zea-
bea!' Ott the Bth of Ifebruary, 1840, and found to his
ae! astonishment, that the " staff " of surveyors sent
of IY the Compemy to survey and lay out 150,000 acres
or and (in which was included the intended township
tricity (a' Welling in one of the most difficult coun-
igt,it,ii(niutat wvoiarl." to effect surveys, comprised only three
Captain Smith, RA., Mr. Stokes, and
aut Parka ; and that, although after their arrival two
66tatits lied been added to their force, still that little,
etl:lYrhinga had been ..tone by thorn. That memorialist
never heard and acres not believe that any other ad-
runs were made to the aforesaid " staff " for a period
liar least two years, although one of them (Mr. Parks)
firit signed shortly after his arrival in the colony; bat,
titti.struegtedettertiofntrirrnai
o.that
tdiott_ntri
dftLftriit,e, frivolous,
someal
cb, allogod s(ctiitirititint seceie: anus twhich
conutcted with the discharge of his duty. That
Nterntirialist was deprived, shortly after Ibt arrival in
to ,"Zealand, Zealand, of the ninnericel position he was entitled
, "old under land orders in the Company's books of
ftTstration there, through the arbitrary toil improper
riterrference of the Company's agent, by which memo.
en Ist sustained considerable injury, and which the
fa-praPanY have refused to rectify or give compensation
0- That in February, 1841, a notice was served
Memorialist, to attend at a place called Wanganui
(distantta: about 150 miles from Port Nicholson, and at-
aable then only by means of a voyage over one
the 11:109t dangerous coasts in the known world),
illelect land there. That he did attend there, at the
tlinent risk of his life std at considerable loss and
laaParlaet but found upon his arrival that there was no
d
a surveyed or ready for selection; and, still more,
•111,4
ultaansed by the surveyor that he never gave the
taslightest intimation or hope to the Company's agent, or
f.: other person, that land was then or would be ready
4;4 selection at any definite period. That memorialist
as heard, and is now fully convinced, that the whole
°eeading was got up by the Company's agent for a
p~
°aa• That memorialist applied to the agent for the
oa eaperise (only) he had been put to in making that
phJoate, and was refused ; but in consequence of an ap-
,r, nion to the Directors, he received (in about is year
kr') half of what he claimed. That about the end of
btttl'talB4l, Captain Hopson having arrived in Port
aaac-daont memorialist 'communicated with him per-
seaallY and by letter, and stated the cruel and heartless
sting
in which the Company and their agent had been
tailing towards him, and its consequences upon his fe-
d, and his resources. That Ctain Hopson reenon-
tfa"(l with the agent, who promised him (in conse-
htallea) he would offer land fur selection in a few weeks
afta_ satisfy the claims of memorialist. That immediately
a placard was posted in several parts of the town,
lending' a meeting of parties interested in Wanganui
That , but specifying no object, and having nO signature.
*m a meeting, however, was got up, the result of which
land that the agent issued a notice that he would cause
st,oa, to be offered for selection at Wanganui. That me-
ta I.4aliatt with several others, had engaged their pas-
her to the above place in a schooner named the Gem,
fees, only vessel in Port Nicholson then available
als that purpose ; that, however, Captain Wakefield
iarether of the agent) having arrived in Port Nicholson
liestat,hen; the friends of the agent invited him to a pub-
fatentler, and, therefore, in order that some of his
paa'"ta who were about going to Wanganui might be
seill.,*nt at the said dinner, the said schooner was char-
nfo.nainally by his nephew and two others, his per-
thu mends, but in reality by the agent himself,. and
a daprii ed memorialist and the others of the only
ttanrtunity then open to them of being present at
e,a intended selaction. That the sailing of said schooner
afat3 liot permitted, and did not take place until the day
e er'the said dinner, lithe ctically happened to be the
stlitY bore that on which land was advertised for
co", h-al at Waneanui, and where it was possible she
41,1 arrive in skeient time. That, however, the agent
guaranteed the land should not be so offered for selection
tal said scho ,ter arrived at Wanganui, and that he did,
acceraance with that guarantse, send a messenger
at d
erl written ipc with nstructions to the Surveyor- Gene-
to that effect. 'Fast under those circumstances, and
,e 1 )Idng upon the integrity of the Company's agent (a,
tife to "), and there being no other mode of conveyane,,
ernorialist waited for and sailed in sail schooner. That,.
lirfeY,r, upon his arriN al (in about a fortnight after) at
bf,itil i, memorialis found that the land bad beet.
",I"ted Forselection and chosen* on the 'lay originally
Xertised; whereby memorialist was deprived of all the
-inntagea way entitled to its the priority of his choice
ona of the very first) amain the :,elticti,Al of the
g-sr• That, memorialist claimed from the agent cetera-
th lan for all the losses and expenees thus sustained
eer.ough him, which he refused to give, alleging as his
-8011 that " he only promised to send a messenger, as
Ill‘kresaid, to Wanganui to the Surveyor-general, but that
did not promise his messenger should perform the
or deliver his instructions." That memorialist
iforwarded to the Directors of the New Zealand Company,
January, 1843, a full statement of the above facts, ac-
c:iriPanled with certificates from certain gentlemen in the
li,°,llY (bearing upon the last- mentioned subject), and also
,his affidavit corroborative of his statements ; and
alla`tne solicited from' the said Directors conpensation for
tue losses sustained by him through the non-fulfilment
their contract with him, as well as those sustained
ljt:trn in the colony through the improper conduct of
%tsar agent; and that, although memorialist stated in the
aaureaaid documents to the Directors that his capital,
i2sisting of 400 sovereigns, and property amounting to
t7t• or ea more, had been expended at that time in the
ths',,ntenance of his family, yet that he received no
le,awer to his application up to and including January
°Pen That memorialiet, therefore, as the only resource
to him of obtaining redress, was driven to the cruel
tfeeetsity of taking leave of his family, and of with-
reawing at once his support and protection from them
paaia circumstances of a heartrending nature, and to re-
.rr () Landon with a view of obtaining from the New
in-114,14nd Company compensation for all his losses, and,
• a', the event of their refusing to do so, to throw himself
Bbd„the foot of the Throne, and solicit from her Majesty
her Government, and especially from your Lord-
Rat
no la protection and justice. That said Directors having
,d,W declined to give memorialist compensation or re-
a:ss of any kind for all the injuries and injustice they
h„'lllra inflicted oa him and his family, memorialist most
11'1a and earnestly solicits your Lordship will take
2.: Melancholy case into your kind consideration, and
him, at your earliest convenience, such assistance
protection as may be within your Lordship power.
1. at memorialist most respectfully begs to draw your
adslatepa
s attention to the accompanying papers, and
r,oapecial manner to the copy of an official letter
'Wherein
by him from the secretary of Captain Hopson,
er„ a, your Lordship will find unequivocal evidence
j°alarove the statements put forward by the New Zea-
ld Company that the Government (at all events, up to
that Period) had obstructed or prevented them from fulfill-
ing
their contractswith the unfortunate settlers under them.
ghat memorialist most respectfully submits that he
is now fully convinced the New Zealand Company eould not
1 have been sincere or honest in their transactions with
rim frorn the beginning, and that he grounds this convic-
°an on the facts—first, of their professing to have and to
;le, land in New Zealand which, in point of fact, they
ail trot at the time, and to specify (as in the instance of
memorialist) various and distinct portions of the islands
1 .IWhich purchasers under them might choose their sec-
tt°lls, but which they (the Company) not only had not
"en, have not since had, nor are ever likely to acquire;
sites
1. Secondly, from their professing to have sent out a
ready
" staff" of surveyors, in order to have the land „
for delivery to the intending purchasers on their
thrival in the colony ; whereas, in reality', they only sent
three individuals for that purpose (as already stated),
ittul 'that they did not increase, but diminished, that
tuiraber for a period of et least. two years ; which cir

PLYMOUTH FREE-TRADE ASSO
CIATION.-DEFEAT OF THE CHARTISTS.

PLYMOUTH, SATURDAY.--Last evening there- was a
large muster at the Mechanics' Institution, in this town,
for the purpose of hearing a lecture on free-trade, from
John Salisbury- Trelawny, Dtq., the Member for Ta-
vistock. The lecture-room was crowded ; and the lec-
ture, which was an admirable one, was listened to by
all parties with the greatest attention. At the -close, a
discussion w?s starte.:A by a Chartist, named Smith, who
did ii•J: gain much favour by declaring that lx stood
there ready to defend every sentiment that Thomas
Paint, utterance to. After he had spoken the
usual time, he was stopped bY• the chairman ; and then
another Chartist; named Robinson, rose, and read the
greater par u a long leader from the old ilf orthern SW,
with a view tO plork• theJ itioreasod production decreased
wages. lie gallopped on at it gr.att rate, with a view to
get through his article, which, as CharLs Ma:hews says,
had " nothing in it," but c..uhl not succeed, for he was
also stopped by the general cry of Time's up." He im-
plored' for tuo minutes more, but the audience were nu-
flexible, and would not accord a minute, whereupon Robin-
son retir,d, looking v. r)- dismal. Mr. Isaac Nichols and
Mr. Nichokon th.. 41 replied to the Chartists, after which
anotner of aatt boay, yclept Blacamore, mounted the
fora,, and al,ocated the principles of the Charter, which
he contondo-d was all that, was necessary to remove all
the political ills which flush is heir to. A working man,
naiad Axford, of Devonport, followed, in a remarkably
clever and amusing speech, in which ha told the
Chartists of the advantages that arose to all parties
who gave their consideration to one thing at a time, and
that while he was considering of • the ,good or bad cha-
racter of the corn-laws he was not able to give equal
and undivided attention to the Charter. He, therefore,
recommended the Chartists to have that subject con-
sidered by itself. This closed the discussion, for Mr.
'Nichols then rose and moved a vote of thanks to the
lecturer, which was seconded by Mr. Bayley. Smith
• immediately moved as an amendment the adoption of the
principles of.the Chatter, which was seconded by Ro-
berts. After a brief interruption, for the Chartists are
an uncommonly noisy race at other people's meetings,
whatever they may be at their own, the Chairman put
the amendment, when, lo I there were not twenty hands
held up for it. The motion was carried amidst a tre-
mendous burst of cheers, and after Mr. Trelawny had
returned thanks, and a similar vote had been passed to
Mr. Calmady, the chairman, the meeting separated.

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.—Another
of those rare birds, the Toucan, from the Brasils, with a
ithea, or South American Ostrich, was added to the col-
lection last week. The gardens have been since much
frequented to inspect the -new arrival:, and the beautiful
lake was crowded with skaters on Sunday and Mon-
day, the ice being in first rate order.
CHINESE Exittnrriox.—The opening of this exhi-
bition for what may be called the winter season, took
place on Monday, with what is called the Dragon Fete.
The formidable dragon is very beautifully formed of silk,
and brilliantly.illuminated. We are told that this is one
of the favourite exhibitions of the Chinese, and con-
sidering the necessary inferiority of the copy, it must be
an attractive one. The dragon is suspended from the
ceiling at the middle of the roam, and has a very grand
effect from the light thrown on it from the various lan-
terns extended'on either side. There is no change in
the various representations illustrating Chinese life and
manners ; but the manner in which the room is illu-
minated renders them more vivid. A popular lecture,
giving a sketch of the principal objects.described in the
rather formidable book catalogue, would be a desideratum,
and it is, we understand, in contemplation by the enter-
prising proprietor. There was a large number of visitors
last night, and we have no doubt that at each representa-
tion it will increase.
The Dusseldorf Gazette notifies that a party of the
Jewish residents of that place had resolved, at a recent
meeting, to address a circular to the Christian bankers
and merchants of Frankfort, praying of them; on con-
ditions of reciprocity, not to cause to, presented to them
any bill of exchange, whether for acceptance or payment,
on a Sabbath or fast day, since they are required by a
recent modification of the laws relating to the matter
both to accept and pay. The house of Rothschild had
been invited to join in the movement, but which it had
declined to do on the plea that this new legislation would
not prevent them from refusing to pay and accept on the
days in question. It would appear from this that Messrs.
Rothschild, conscious of their own power, proceed upon
the old plan, hut that the miner establishments cannot,
without compromising their credit, venture to act in the
same spirit of independence, by making, like them, other
houses conform to their convenience.
I't WHATIIER.--The moderns, in imitation of
the w ise men of ancient days, have a propensity for
drawing auguries from the movements of birds, and
many prophesies, founded on ernithological observations,
have, recently, been put forth touching the quality of
the present winter. Some difference of opinion amongst
the feathered tribes, however, caused the prophets no
little perplexity, for while the geese, who have no
great reputation for sagacity, appeared, by their south-
ward flight, to insist that old winter was hastening
speedily hither, certain crows were reported to be con-
structing nests, as if in anticipation of mild airs and
cloudless skies. The crows, though deemed clever birds
in their way, have been proved to be loss weatherwise
than the geese, for we hear from all quarters of low
thermometers and biting frosts. In this vicinity the frost
set in, last week, with great severity, and the increasing
ice on the ponds was regarded by skaters of all classes
and ages with extreme satisfaction. Nor were they dis-
appointed in their anticipations, for though the frost
only set in fairly on Wednesday, yet such e
was
its
severity, that even as early as Friday, thce
had attained considerable thickness, and on Sa-
tnrdey it was a' solid that the skaters were
The 1
seem
toans of railway lodged for the county of Kent
Central enabled to pursue their invigorating recreation without
the slightest apprehension. The waters of Sefton
Dent
the North Kent (Vignoles's line), and the meadows, which offer a beautiful extent of skating sur-
forward Kent (Rennie's line). The latter was brought face, are completely frozen over, and numbers who de-
years since, and the rrotiees have been
everya. year renewed. It is now understood that the serf- light to enjoy the exercise in perfection have resorted
thither. The cold, during the last few days, has been
_lnineeponents of the line, the landed proprietors, 'lave
undertiskie intense. The extreme depression of the thermometer,
eoZnittleavourable to its adoption, and that th old
management of will be strengthened, and the Oil Tuesday night, was 29, on Wednesday night 27, on
Thursday 23, on Friday 21, and yesterday morning the
totn h immediatel broht forward, with a view , mercury sunk as low as 20. At nine o'clock yesterday
Per oftapplication to Parliament this next session. The morning it was 26, and, at three in the afternoon, 30.
cot continuecapital subscribed, and the scrip held, will 1 Liverpool Albion of Monday. , .
or
value. in the company to the 'extent of its proportion HIS Royal Highness Prince Albert has become
The Antwerp; le#ers received on Monday the purchaser of one of the finest blood-hounds in Lord
btkt.e that the morning • BagOt's celebrated pack, and the Queen hat likewise had
piviaers frost set -in with great intensity _ one bought. by agecy. It is not generall): known that
Scheldt And
"Its-
rapidly
-upon the increase. The Lord Begot's family have for centuries retained the pure
for was free from ice, but the interior navigation breed of the English blood-hound. Last week the en-
Wes,the marneat, eropeuded. tire collection of 21 were sold, the Poke of Leeds being
1 mom thi mason,

FATAL ACCIDENT IN REGENT-STREET.—OD Mon-
day Mr. Higgs held an inquest at St. George's Hospital
on the body of William Powell, aged thirty, carman in
the service of Mr. Hunt, wine-merchant, of Mark-lane.
William Garratt, of No. 47. Tothill-street, said that on
the 15th ult., in the afternoon, he was with the deceased
in the cart driving through Regent-street. Deceased
held the reins, and instead of sitting down on the seat,
very incautiously stood upright, when, in turning the
corner of Leicester street, he overbalanced himself and
fell upon the pavement. Witness immediately jumped
down. to his assistance, but found that one of the wheels
had passed over his head, crushing one side of his face
in a most frightful manner. He was carried without loss
of time to a surgeon, and from thence to the hospital.
Mr. Wm. Potter, the house surgeon, said that deceased
died from the effects of the fall on Saturday last. A
man in the cart at the time of the accident said it was a
sudden jerk against the stone pavement after leaving the
Wooden which caused him to be thrown out. Verdict,
Accidental death."

SUDDEN DEATH OP A SWISS EXCHANGE BROKER.
—On Monde.) Mr. Wakiey, M.P., held an inquest at the
Cross Keys, Belton-street, St. Giles's, on the body of
Mr. Francis Soutter, aged 58, a Swiss Jew, and formerly
a bill and exchange broker, well known in the City. It
appeared that on Sunday week deceased came stumbling
into the shop of Mr. Jones, chemist, 171, High Holborn.
-He afterwards fell on the floor, and whilst Mr. Jones
was in the aet of administering a cordial he breathed his
kit. Mr. C. Ravenhili, stoe:kbroker, of Old Broad•
street, said he knew decease d. who was a bill and ex-
change br•ek.=r of many years' standing. He was much
reduced in circumstances, and witness allowed him the
use Of his office to transact whatever little business he
had left. His h,dging•was unknown, and so were his re-
latives. if he ha•l any. Ho had left some papers in pos-
sessien of witness. The Coroner ordered them to be
sealed and delivered over to the Swiss Consul.
nrivtt. surgeon, opened the body, and said the cause of
death was up.,plexy. Verdict, " Natural death."
REMONSTRANCE OF THE PROTEST ANTS OF BAVARIA.
—A remonstrance and petition of the members of the
Sixth General Synod, held a: Anspach, for the purpose
of demanding the redress of several wrongs complained
of by Protestants, have been presented to the King of
Bavaria. The petitioners complain that the Royal Com-
missioners appointed to preside over the General Synod,
following the instructions that had been given them, and
which prescribed that no petition should be deliberated
upon that they had not themselves first approved, had
retained sixty-three petitions in which their griefs were
particularised. After arguing the grounds of their right
to deliberate and petition, they proceed to say—" If
then they have the right of deliberating upon the in-
ternal affairs of their church, and of submitting, through
the intermediation of a superior consistory, the result
of their deliberations to his Majesty, for the purpose of
receiving his Majesty's decision, it is impossible that the
two Royal Commissioners can have the right of retain-
ing petitions addressed to the General Synod concerning
the internal affairs of their church, for it would amount
to an authority to annul and annihilate the constitu-
tional right belonging to the General Synod."
His Grace the Duke of Roxburgh', having deter-
terrnined on reconstructing the celebrated old deer-park
at Broxtnouth, connected with the domain,' haS taken into
possession that part of it formerly let, consisting of 80
acres of fine land. We understand that it is to be
thrown into grass for permanent pasture, and occupied,
as in days-of yore, with the finest and most genuine
breed ot• deer in the kingdom. What with this, the lake,
and the other improvements on the river and grounds,
this ancient, but now remodelled baronial seat will vie
with any of its extent in Scotland.—Berwick Warder.
laoN.—ln reference to iron France is as big a fool
as John Bull is in reference to food. At a great national
loss, this metal from England must he subject to a high
protecting duty in favour of the interests of the French
itan-matters.— The Strum*.

• ~..11i41 hiance in- itself, memorialist most respectfully sub-
`ts, bears strong eviderici! of their not having intended
,o "
fulfii their contracts or engagements. Tint, in con-
"km, memorialist most respectfully begs to remind
Yen!. Lordship of the length of time which has elapsed
sine' he purchased from the Company—the many and
'valuable years of his life and those of his family thus
,
4ealand—the unjust and heartless treatment he expe-
ti:need there from the Company's agent—but, above all,
t
• f the melancholy and precarious position in which his
tinily are now placed, without that support and protec-
:ri', 80 peculiarly essential in New Zealand ; and he
;gain implores your Lordship most respectfully and
i-lrhe'tly, in the name of justice and humanity, to grant
t Ire such redress and assistance as shall seem most fitting
Lo Your Lordship, and your memorialist, as is duty
'Pound, will ever pray.

* On map.

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNV-StiAlt MOANING, D2C.IVIBEIt. 11, 1844.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. i of Rome; but we shall be Protestants no longer
got
THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY, 1 if we do not protest against the authority of any
GLOBE.—The agitation attempted to be 't
up ' other church to change our forms of worship, be-
in the agricultural districts for the repeal of the malt- cause the transition from form to substance is ine-
tax is likely to prove abortive. The tenant-farmers— vitable. The path has been already marked out by
aware of the
motives
which actuate the landlords in the Tractarians ; and we know any other church,
prompting them to meet and petition for the removal if ruled by the arbitrary will of men, is as likely
of the tax—decline to move. The Essex Herald—a to err as Rome. This, we must expect, even did
journal which devotes its advocacy to the landed inte- we not see men preparing to import Romish
rests—complains in its leading article of to-day, that errors ready made, and to import them wholesale.
" the movement for the repeal of the malt-tax does A protest on the side of the people is therefore now
not proceed with that unanimity by which alone success j a duty, and even the Morning Post itself admits
can be secured." . "It is difficult," adds this that concession is a duty on the other side :—" We
organ of the Essex squirearchy, "to understand why are not for strife on either side, nor do we see
this should be so ; for, even admitting, as some con- the use of insisting upon non-essentials with a
tend,
that the repeal of the tax would do little benefit to high hand so as to give offence. But whatever error
the farmers,
it would, at all events, inflict no injury there may be in authority going further than occa-
upon them." The conclusion is not quite so obvious as sion demands, it is a hundred times worse when
the Essex Herald seems to imagine. The malt-tax pro. ignorant prejudice flames out into rebellion
duces an amount of annual revenue exceeding any sur- against authority, and is favoured and comforted in
plus which will be at the disposal of the Govern- this mischievous folly by those who pretend to the es-
ment. To remove that tax would be to remove a pecial patronage of the civil government." We give
single tax, in which one class of the community—and the paragraph for the sake of the good advice in the
that a very small class—is immediately interested, at beginning of it. We are not aware of the pretenders
the expense of the great mass of the nation, from to the patronage of the Government, we know of no
whom that surplus has been wrung by means of an such pretenders. The Government, we believe pa-
impost at once odious
and
oppressive. It would do tronises no writers, either in the newspapers or in any
worse than this : it would perpetuate that impost. other vehicle.
The amount of the malt duty subtracted from TIMES.—It se ems as if what people call emigra-
the revenue must be supplied. A substitute must be tion could never be purified of its abuses, or become
provided. Sir Robert Peel has already shown that that great national development which it might and
his financial policy does not allow ofv • mg up a pre- ought to be, until the antipodes were actually brought
sent source of revenue, however inequitable,
to de- within twelve hours' journey of this metropolis.
pond on a contingent supply. He will havehis
quid pro quo in whatever scheme of finance he men made
may submit to the House of Commons. The farmer favourite apothegms of the emigration companies ;
and his labourers would partake of the relief which and there is doubtless no small truth in them, though
a diminution of the high duties on articles of ge- very small morality. We must, unhappily, confess
neral consumption will afford to the nation at large. that nothing short of gross, palpable, physical demon-
The removal of the income-tax would be also a stration will ever enable lnglishmen in needy cir-
direct saving to the farmer. He would be also inch- cumstances to see that the back woods of Canada,
rectly benefited by the relief which the rest of the or the wilds of New Zealand, are not every man's
community would obtain by the removal of the im- El Dorado, or that intesested " emigation agents"
post; seeing those who now contribute the respective are :not the appointed and trustworthy instruments
quotas to the income-tax, would, on its removal, have for raising any given desert or solitude whatever into
the more to lay out in agricultural produce, and prices the most flourishing and civilised of peopled cities.
would be raised in proportion to the increased demand. We are not by sure, any means indeed, that the
These considerations have evidently been taken into time when there will be a railway to the antipodes
the account by the farmers. The result is, that, as may not be nearer at hand than ordinary folks
a class, they have declined moving in the matter of dream; but we despair, we must confess, of seeing
malt-tax repeal. Norfolk is more extensively inte- it in our own days altogether realised. New Zea-
rested than any other county in this question—seeing land in the back parlour is the only thing that can
a greater breadth of barley is sown in Norfolk than defeat the emigration jobbery ; and this is certainly
in any other agricultural district. The Norfolk far- a consummation, as
nt however, are already,
yet, more
more to be wished than
mers met on Friday last to consider and determine hoped for. European
, shoo
the course they should, as a body, adopt on this as we read, making ,pr
shooting excursions to Ceylon
question. The following letter, addressed to the and Bengal," and getting up
tiger parties and ele-
meeting from the Central Agricultural Protection phant battues to come off on the Indus or the
Society, and signed by the Secretary, was read : its Ganges, as quietly as people in old times used to
reasoning and advice were concurred in by the Nor- arrange a grouse campaign for the highlands of
folk farmers. The meeting adjourned without taking Scotland. "Royal visits' are already becoming
any steps in the matter. terrifically enterprising. British India is no longer
" I wili at once state to you that, with reference to too distant for a European potentate's morning
the repeal of the malt-tax, the Committee having had call ' • and the sport which is to be expected on
their attention called to it some time ago, came to the the Himalayas seems as if it would soon be a
determination of not raising that question on their own fashionable attraction in European Courts. This
part, and of not recommending the agitation of it by any is all very promising ; but even this annihilation
of the local protection societies. of space, and twice as much as this, is nothing to
" They felt that to begin to agitate for the repeal of
what is wanted for the interests of emigrants. Emi-
the malt duties so soon after the formation of the society,
ration tom pantes have still a wonderful knack of
on the virtual understanding that its object was the g i
maintenance of the present scale of protection to agri. turning the mpediments of time and space into
culture, under its existing burdens, would involve an instruments of gain. We have now a poor gentleman,
aggressive policy for which they were not prepared. whose memorial appears in another column,—who
" The prospects, too, of the property-tax being soon complains that the New Zealand Company in Lon-
deducted from the items of the revenue of the country, don has sold to him prime New Zealand land, war_
did not seem to justify the remission of so large a ranted of the - first quality, which—after one year's
source of income as the malt duties, unless some substi- voyage and two more years' fruitless search for it—
tute were proposed, of the nature of which, however, no he has discovered never to have been in existence at
unanimity appeared to exist either in the committee or
all. Why, could there be imagined a case less illus-
the country. "
This pretext for perpetuating the odious income- trative than this is of the extreme policy or practice
tax is, we presume, at an end. After this decisive of the emigration companies ? This is merely in the
best qualified to know what is best ordinary line of business.. This is only a specimen
opinion from those
of that ordinary line of business which is, in our opi-
for their own interests, he will be a bold man who nion, so infinitely more disgraceful to the inventors
will rise in Parliament, and propose the repeal of the
malt-tax, as called for by the tenant-farmers, at the and practisers of it, than it can possibly be uncompli-
price of retaining every other item of taxation, in-
mentary to the sagacity of its unfortunate dupes, that
cluding the property and income-tax, on their pre• we hardly like even to introduce this latter element
of consideration into the question at all. It were idle,
sent scale.
STANDARD.—It is no exaggeration to say that indeed, to think that land in New Zealand is to the
we are actually overwhelmed with letters on the sub- New Zealand Company in the same predicament as
land in Middlesex or Surrey ; or that it is equally
ject of the distressing differences in the Church If
safe to deal with an emigration society
crease of our corres ondence, the nation thinks of for " warranted "
we may judge from the nature and the enormous in-
commodities lying beyond the Straits of Malacca as
p
for property situated only at the end of the Croydon
nothing else but the attempt to enforce by authority
what are practically innovations in public worship, Railway. But when people will think so,—why, then
"
and thinks upon the subject with an intensity of inte-
the Company say, Whose fault is it that such belief
rest of which we have no recollection. Often when is turned to account?" Infatuation indeed ! To
occupied in the painful task of perusing our volu-
imagine that an emigration company is to be trusted
minceis supply of letters, and trin to make a selec-
on the point, of all others in the world, of a bargain
tion of the most temperate among them
for publication
and sale of land ! Why, for what other object is an
—often when occupied in this truly afflicting task—
emigration company formed at all, if not for this, of
which lasts daily for ma duty to some member of hours—do we wish that getting rid of supposed landed estates to would-be
we could delegate the
emigrants ? Our memorialises case is undoubtedly
a hard one. He was, unfortunately, guilty of be-
the R ighit t Rev.o
Bbeenchfeared. There
theirs
Lordships
are might
not see
lieving in the New Zealand Company. This was his
—what is t
likely to see, until it shall be too late—what is
only fault. He purchased of them, " a section of land,"
the real feeling of the country, and the degree
he tells us, "in what is termed the second series
of the Company's settlements in New Zealand; and,
of vehemence with which the country repro-
by the terms of his purchase (!), he was entitled to
bates the late proposition to, enforce innovation by
' authority. The innovations were an object of dislike choose the aforesaid section,
to many, but of indifference or mere contempt to the settlements or territories alleged to be then in posses-
majority, until authority was spoken of. sion of the Company, but also in any other they
The hint that
they will be enforced, has, as every one who knows the might afterwards acquire 1" This was in August,
character of English Protestants ought to have anti- 1839. Unfortunate man ! Deeply, indeed, did he
cipated, now raised the question to a question of the atone for his single error. How great a punishment
first order a question of religious liberty, and has is involved in the making such a "purchase" as his !
thus kindled a flame, in which the temporal esta • A. section, too ! Poor deluded individual !! We
blishment of the Church will be consumed, if some- wonder how much it was that he gave for his bar-
gaine--how much was added to the price for his
thing be_not done, and that promptly, to extinguish it;
liberty of choice—how much for the right of ranging
It is one of the most alarming symptoms of the pre-
through all the vast domains- which the Company
sent agitation, that as it invades the people in wider
" might hereafter acquire." The memorialist does
and still wider circles, it raises new topics of discon-
not himself say how much he gave. " With the
tent ; this is what always happens in such a case ;
fullest confidence," he shortly says, he set out for
what has happened before in the history of our Church,
New Zealand. He had no more idea that he could
and what will happen again, if the agitation be
be imposed upon than if he bad only had the Croydon
not composed by a timely arrangement. Four-
Railway instead of a brace of tropics between him-
fifths of the letters relating to the Church
self and his bargain. Innocent, unsuspecting crea-
differences that we have received, do not apply
tore! He went! He went, and took his family
to the surplice question, though that unhappy ques-
tion it is that has provoked them. We will not, how- with him; but when he got to the antipodes he
found, as most other people do, that he and his were
ever, as long as it is in our power to abstain, be
llprecisely reversed;—that. he stood upon his head,
which the Church sunk before, than that one which instead of upon his heels, as he hard expected ; and, that,
we find already on. This explanation, we hope, will among other wonderful transmutations, the "settle-
satisfy more than ape hundred correspondents who have ments" of the New Zealand Company were "translated"
addressed us upon other matters—all, however, also. The roguery, in short, came out. After two years'
connected with supposed intentions to innovate fruitless badgering with the Company's one " agent,"
authoritatively in Church affairs. We confine our- the unhappy memorialist found, after all, that his
selves for the present to the one topic. It is asserted magnificent right of choice was only a theory, and
by one, whose opinion we value , highly, that the had practical existence nowhere save in the bureaux
sermons part of the Communion Service. We re- of the London Directory of the Company; and after
i
spectfully dissent from this opinion ; and we could having been most effectually and completely " done"
wish the right reverend person who has avowed in every possible way, the unhappy man returned
it to apply his powerful mind to the question, home in July, 1844, without either his family, his
and we are confident that he would see his money, or his land, to memorialise (but in vain) the
error. In placing any intellectual exercises in Colonial . Secretary ! Such is the unhappy fate of
the relation of whole and part, the first consi; colonists who become such only on the speculation of
deration is the homogeneousness of the exercises screwing a bargain out of those whose express and
in question, a consideration greatly more im-
only business it is to be bargained withal ! Such is
portant than the consideration of order or even of emigration in the hands of an emigration company.
time. The Communion Service is distinctly described This poor gentleman's case is evidently not a singular
in the Prayer-book,
or by any means an uncommon one. It is a system.
as "the order for the adininis-
tration of the Lord's Supper or Holy Comm.-
People are led over to our colonies—settlements
a
nion." Now what, let us ask it with reverence, are—it would be a mockery to say founded—but,
has a sermon necessarily to do with this solemn settlements are crudely thrown out, or swelled
rite ? A sermon was no doubt originally an expo- to unwieldy numbers, merely and solely upon
sition of the Gospel or Epistle appointed to be the ground of the single assumed fact—a " fact"
read in what was formerly called "the second which, as in this instance, often turns out to
service" (a name certainly better suited to that be entirely an assumption, and no fact at all
portion of the Liturgy when no actual communion is —that unoccupied land is to be had in New Zealand
celebrated), but the Gospel and Epistle frequently or Canada, for which there are unoccupied buyers
have no relation to the Eucharist. This is decisive here in England. The sole notion of colonisation
seems to be, in the eyes of one class of politicians in
with us that the sermon is not properly, a part of the
this country, " Sell the land. The buyers will do
Communion Service, though it-occurs in the time of
the second service, or rather at the termination of that the rest." So everything is thus left to take care of
portion of the second service, which only is retained itself ; and the practical result is, that sometimes even
SIGNS OF A HARDWINTER.—On Monday, much
curiosity was excited, and a great deal of sport created,
in use when the Eucharist is not in fact celebrated. the land, the sale of which was to be the great by large flocks of wild fowl making their appearance,
That this has been the opinion of nearly the whole
foundation of the whole, turns out to be a mere fiction and aligkting on the banks of the river. In Battersea-
and a sham, and the intended colonist only a ruined fields, on the Fulham Lammas land, and amongst the
Church clergy, as well as laity, is proved by the
practice which it is proposed to change by autho- and deluded dupe. Such is modern colonisation— osier-beds, opposite Wandsworth, the wild ducks were
such is the system which we have to compare with
rity, at the end of nearly two centuries' use. quite plentiful, and sportsmen were out by dozens, pop-
The seagulls were also very numerous, and
the great colonial developments of ancient Greece and pin away.
But there are many other arguments all leading to between Battersea.bridge and llsmmersmith, several
the same conclusion ; first, this, which may be Rome—with the communities which sprang into life
stormy petrels were seen by the fishermen. The pre-
called a crucial argument, the Church gives war- and vigour at once, like Minerva armed from the head
sense of wild fowl, and especiallyh of the stormy_ petrel,oe
rant for sermons, without any communion of Jove, full-grown and perfect, the worthy and in
or second service, as at evening worship. all respects complete imitation of the institutions and a tatth is etoarb)e• a period,
sure
s
said,n of along
thoseand ascecyuesrteo mwei dn
winter.
th
The Church also gives warrant for the framework of the parent state. We recommend the w ROBBERYer AT RUGBYsigV SCHOtL.—Monday informa-
celebration of the Holy Communion without a contrast to the attentive consideration of Mr. Charles tion reached Bow-street that on Friday night a gang of
sermon. Again deacons (and in the Universities Buller. He has already signified- that he is by no ruffians, apparently navigators, and armed with blud-
even laymen) are admitted to preach, but deacons or means blind to its existence; we think that the more geens, broke into the house of the Rev. C. Mayor, one
laymen may not minister in the Communion. We, it is considered, and the more public attention of the masters of Rugby school. The burglars intimi-
for ourselves, though thoroughly convinced that the becomes fixed upon our modern methods of dated the inmates with threats and menaces, and suc-
ing off a large quantity of property be-
colonisation, the more remarkable will be found our ceeded in carry
sermon is properly no part of the Communion Service, to some of the members of the school, consisting
do not, however, attach any importance to the inferiority in this point to the heathen empires of old. longing
of a five-pound note,. gold_ and i Ter., a gold %etch, chain,
decision of that question. We see no im- CIIRONICLE.—The merchants of London are
d seals, silver chains, silver pencil cases, a quantity of
portents in the colour of the gown which the to entertain Sir Henry Pottinger at dinner to-mot- and
annarel, and some medals. The thieves left
row. Ile is to receive a similar mark of the estima- we • g . '
clergyman shall wear, either at communion or behind them theirbludgeons, a coal pick, and a bunch
in the pulpit—provided that the garment be decent, tion in which his services are held by the merchants of keys.
of Liverpool on Monday next. We trust that the FEIIIIITFUL DRAY ACCIDENT.—M. nby night A nit
sober, and such as shall not by novelty or
association distract or disturb the minds of worship- town of Liverpool, in commemorating the services eight o'clock the foliowieg melancholy and frightful
of Sir Henr Pottinger, will not forget those of accident took place in the Bleoldriars-load, to a man
pers. Let the clergyman wear his white robe in the y
Viscount Sandon. The first has opened the trade named Joseph Monk, a drape= -iii the employ of
'reading desk and behind the chancel rail, because it is
with China, the second has closed that with Brazil. Messrs. Whitbread and Co., the extensive brewers of
the custom; and let him wear his black University
Sir Henry Pottinger is distinguished for the magna- Chiswell- street, \%IIICII it is feared willmtermieate fatally
gown in the pulpit, because that too is the custom ;
tude of his benefits ; Viscount Sandon for the unex- ! in the course of the day.
.The
and
otnu nnaoteartmn a nlsw,eisi
but were the custom to reverse the colours, or to use
uniformly the white or black, as the case might be, am led extent of his destructiveness. To the arms of sit othe near
.shastotmterneng.
means tell under the nearing
no . human being could object to either upon one, and to the faction of the other, we owe widely sitting
whichton- meet,
sed by
completely over his head. Several of the
different results. Under the guidance of Lord Pal- , ,
1 iootripasgers who witnessed the an. aelful sight rem to
any rational ground. As to law upon the point,
surely the law is binding upon the clergy in their merston, the Baronet has enlarged the boundaries of his fissistance, and carried him into the shcp ef Mr.
private lives as in the church; yet no clergyman, British power ; and, without the injustice and other 1 Vinin, the surgeon' of BlaekCriars-roisd, who found that
from the Archbishop of Canterbury downward, ever questionable accompaniments of power which occa- I his skull was fractured in a most extensive manner. Mr,
sionally detracted from their renown, has added, like I Vinin immediately rendered every aid. and extracted a
dreams of conforming to the minute directions of
a Hastings or a Clive, a new hemisphere to the com- : portion of the skull (about three inches square) whi:L,b
the 74th canon. Why, then, bind upon the backs of
merce of Englishmen. The latter, under the guidance `had penetrated the brain, and was completely exposed.
others a burden which themselves have cast off.
of Sir R. Peel, has obtained a notoriety scarcely less 1 The injuries he had received were of such an extensive
It is vexatious to be obliged to treat of such things;
distinctive, and has placed himself on a par in corn. 1 character that Mr. Vinin ordered his removal to Guy's
but, alas ! that the menace was ever thrown out—'i Hospital, where he now remains under the care of
mercial mischievousness with the author of the sliding-nothing is trifling when it is to be enforced by au.lMessrs. Cock and
_Hilton, the house-surgeons, who have
thority, because once yield to authority without scale. It is but fair, then, that a town.like Liverpool,
, been unremitting in their attention to the unfortunate
which has so deep an interest in
t in China and Brazil
reason or qualification, and anything, however , man, whose death is hourly expected. At twelve o'clock
should give some little indication of her gratitude to
monstrous, may be forced upon you. - We - this
day he Ras still alive, and, strange to add, quite
the ;diplomatist and
.also the statesman. The truth sensible,
are Protestants, because we protest against to the great astonishment of all the u 3 401
the authority of Rome as well as the errors is, that, like the Munsters they
, are in a 6x. Nothing gentlemen connected with the hospital
._ .
•

c~.~

could be more agreeable to them, as Tories, the.
turn out the late Administration ; but nothing c .75
be more disagreeable to all, except West Indian
than the loss of the extensive commerce with Brazi
It is not enough that we have refuge in guano, and "---r4
have our shipping employed, in greater numbers than
could have been believed three years ago, in the
freight of the excrements of sea-fowl. It is not enough
that the revival of trade has occasioned new demands
for timber, and called into active employment many
bottoms which were scarcely earning their dock dues
in the Mersey. It is not enough that a good hard
vest has enabled us to bridge over for a season the
howling gulf which yawns for our commercial sys-
tem, under the name of the sliding-scale. These
and other substitutes may mitigate the pressure ;
occurring auspiciously as they do, they mitigate of
course the discontent ; but amongst thinking people
—and in Lancashire we trust there are some few
who think—they cannot, they ought not, to mitigate
the undisguised contempt which is inseparable from
a contemplation of the course taken by the Tories
on the questions relating to Brazil. We will ven-
ture to say that so strong a case of national injury
was never before made out against a party. It is
proved to demonstration. Mr. Ellis is our witness for
the last year ; the Viscount Abrantes would bear
testimony for the present. Sir R. Peel is plausible :
but this Brazilian indictment, speaking as it does
with a distinctness of accusation never hitherto sur-
passed ; charging him, as it will do, before the as-
sembled Commons, with sacrificing the best interests
of the country to selfish party purposes, and the trade
and commerce of the empire to objects purely fac-
tious ; this Brazilian indictment will bring the true
merits of the Whig budget and the Tory intrigue un-
reservedly before the public, and the merchants of
England will see more clearly than they hitherto
have done, the enormous price they pay for the Peel
Administration. It costs us, they will see, a conti-
nuance of the sliding-scale. It cost§ us a continuance
of the constant struggle which ascendancy introduced
into Ireland, and which ever and anon breaks out,
with greater or less intensity, as the fires of the social
volcano are inflamed or assuaged by circumstances.
It costs us in France obsequiousness to a Minister
who does not ratify his treaties—who, alone, of mo-
dern statesmen, holds his head aloft, and assumes
the privileges of conventional equality with
diplomatists of other countries, without the chivalry
of standing or falling by his acts. We have a great
respect for M. Guizot—his industrious life, his emi-
nence in literature, the general firmness and fixity of
his public life, entitle him to much consideration at
our hands ; but really he ought to ratify his treaties.
No one knows Vattel better; he is deeply read in
Grotius and in Puffendorf; there is not a page in the
" Law of Nations" with which he is not conversant ;
but we defy him to show a precedent more fatal to
diplomatic intercourse than that which he has esta-
blihed; and we firmly believe that had Lord Pal-
merston been in power, the Crown of England would
have been saved from the indignity, and the cause of
humanity would not have suffered so serious a disc
couragement Last year Ministers introduced a Bill
for the admission of free sugar; but upon discovering
that the favoured-nation clause would let in the sugars
of Louisiana, and some other districts, the moral
principle gave way, the fixity of their scruples
disappeared, Mr. Gladstone took again to his Igna-
tius Loyola, and slave-grown sugar can come in.
When Lord Sandon moved his amendment, , fixed
principles and a settled antipathy to slave productions
were the order of the day. Gentlemen who have
learned their emancipation lessons since the death of
Wilberforce presumed to lecture the associates of
that venerable man. The son of Mr. Gladstone re-
hearsed homilies on anti-slavery which would have
driven the old planter into hysterics ten years ago.
Sir R. Peel, who had never raised a finger for the
negro, but had borne their miseries with cheerful-
ness for many years, of a sudden turned fanatical,
and you would have thought that he had sent his
card to Mr. Buxton to recruit the militia of philan-
thropy. But when the Sugar Bill of 1844 came be-
fore the House of Commons, fixed principles in sugar
were placed upon the footing of fixed principles in
Church and State ; and Sir R. Peel and Mr. Glad-
stone were as much prepared to vindicate the ano-
malous accidents of occasional incomings of slave
sugar as they were to draw distinctions between
coffee and muscovado. We have, therefore, much
faith in their waist of fixity; we cannot suppose they
will lose the Brazils for the sake of an ounce weight
of consistency.

.
MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.
FROM Till MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
TIMES.—The plans for the 220 railways having been
all sent in for the examination of the Board of Trade,
the numerous parties interested in these undertakings
are of course becoming anxious as to the fate of the
various schemes. As yet it is not known whether the
Board of Trade will reserve the expression of their
opinion for the opening of Parliament, or whether they
will accept any plan for communicating their decisions
at once. Many of the proprietors hope that the latter
course will be adopted, considering that it will be very
tedious to wait for three or four months before they
learn the fate of their property. A letter addressed by
the Board of Trade to the directors, informing them of
their opinion, would probably be the most welcome form
of communication. So great would be the weight of
the Board of Trade in influencing Parliament, that if
their approval is obtained, the projectors do not seem
to anticipate any fatal obstacle on the part of the Legis-
lature, notwithstanding the ordeal of Committees. ,
In support of the movement which is now making to
obtain a repeal of the import duty on cotton wool, two
tables have been published in the Glasgow Argus, show-
ing the competition of the British spinner with those of
Europe and America. These tables contain the decimal
series of yarns, from No. 10 to No. 100, but a notion of
the results may be. 'given by taking only the extreme
numbers. The import duty amounts to 5-16ths of a
penny. and 5 per cent. per lb., with 1-16th of a penny
for duty on waete. In the first table, which shows the
competition of em* spiv airs with those of Europe, under
No. 10 there appears S.sod. for cost of material, 101
as the per, tentage of pressure' of duty oa that cost,
and 68 as the per tentage of pressure of duty on the
cost of the twist. Under No. 100, the figures to these
three items are respectively 14d., 21 per cent., and
14 per cent. ; and hence the table shows that the
pressure of the dote on the low bunibers is unequal
as compared with that on. the high numbers. The cost
of the cotton in the above calculation is estimated at the
present market prce in f -:rest Britain. In the second
table, which shows the competition with the American
spinners, the cost of the cotton is estimated at the price
of the port of shipment of America. Under No. 10, the
cost of material is set down at 2.75 d., the per center. of
pressure on material at 131, the per tentage on cost of
: twist at 8 per cent. Under No. 100 these items are,
ri-
spectively, 13.25 d., 3 per cent., and i per eent. There
is also 6-16ths of a penny per lb. paid by the British
spinner, as extra freight and insurance, more than the
American spinners. This, ad,:ed to the duty, gives a
pressure of 12-16ths per lb., and this presaure on raw
material and on twist gives two additional items. The
pressure on No. 10 is 27 per cent. on raw.material, and
16 per cent. on twist ; while on-No. 100 it is 6 percent.,
and'2l per cent.
CHRONICLE —We had lost eight ..of the proposed
" Dunedin Bank" in Edinburgh. It has, however', been
brought forward in a diff rent. or at least ,modified, and
judging from the programme of business proposed for
the first meeting. which takes place on the 12th instant,
apparently in a suet, sAful shape. It is now before the
public as a Non issuing Bank, and it is said that 200,0001.
of the intended capital, all of which is to be paid up by
instalments, has been already subscribed. Should this
bank be established, it will form quite a new feature in
the history of .Scotch banking. Much pains seems to
have been bestowed by its promoters in the preparation
of the plus and details, amongst which we observe it is
intended to reduce the time for regulating the exchange
between Edinburgh and London to eleven days, and to
make advances on the security of wholesale warehouse
.s and bales of goods above a certain value.