The Sun.
London, England, 1844-05-08 00:00:00

SUMMARY OF NEWS

AND
pubttr Optitton.

" IT'Aci.runs may read."

FOREIGN.
On Sat4day, at two o'clock, the King and Queen of the
-accompanied by the Duchess of Kent, the Duke de
-Neinours, the Prince de Joinville, and the Duke de Mont-
pensier, arrived at the grand exhibition in the Champs Ely-
sees, amidst the loud and loyal acclamations of the people
collected in crowds outside. On alighting, his Majesty was
received at the peristyle by the Minister of Commerce and
his Secretary-General, M. Paganel, General Tiburce Sebas-
tiani, Commandant of the First Military Division, General
Aupick, Commandant of Paris, the'P.refeet pf Qin Aeine,4he
Prefect of Police, the Members of the Central Jury; and the
Mayor of the first arrondissement. On entering, their Ma-
jesties were again greeted' by all present with shouts of
" Vive le Rol ! Vive la Reine !" His Majesty was evidently
in perfect health, and, by his condescending and cheerful
demeanour, rejoiced all who could approach near enough to
observe him.
The King, on the occasion of his fete, was pleased to re-
mit the remainder of the punishment of several of the pri-
soners in the liaison de Beaulieu.
A funeral service, in commemoration of the death of Na-
poleon, was performed yesterday at the Church of the
Invalides. Amongst the congregation were the Governor
of the Invalides and his Staff, Baron Gourgaud, the aide-de-
camp and companion of the Emperor in his exile, the Duke
de Padoue, Lieut.-General Baron Pelet, Baron de Meyneval,
and MM. Lelorgne and d'ldeville, the Emperor's secretaries,
and Baron Dumoulin and Count de Cramayel, his orderly
officers. The funeral service in the churches of Paris gene-

rally, whichvdid not take Place on Sunday, was to be p'r•
formed on Monday.
The bakers of Coblentz have lately been prosecuted for
combining to keep up the price of bread, and, being con-
victed, have been condemned to two months' imprisonment,
and a fine of I,ooof. each.

The Montpellier and Nismes railroad is finished, and was
tried on the 30th ult. by a train in which were drawn the Di-
rectors of the Company, their engineers, and the Government
engineers of the department of the Herault and the Gard, and
also the Directors of the Cette and Beaucaire railroad. The

passage from Nismes to the gates of Montpellier was per-
formed within an hour and a half, but the train could not go

on to the junction with the last-mentioned road, on ac-onnt
of the works of the citadel, which are still in progress.
The extensive tannery of M. Herrenschmidt, at Wacken,
near Strasburgh, was burnt down on the night of the 30th
ult., as was also the dwelling-house. The flames spread so
rapidly that it was necessary to rescue from their beds N.
Herrenschmidt's children. The loss in buildings is estimated
at 300,000 f., and in goods at 100,000 f. No one was killed,
but some persons were wounded.
In the night of the 26th ult., says the Journal de la
liZzyenee, a destructive fire broke out at Preyon Pail, the full
details of whi,t, the journal was not in possession of, but had
learned that at least 60 houses and buildings were burnt
down.

A destructive fire took place a few days ago at Lihons,
near Peronne, by which 51 houses, with their outbuildings,
were destroyed, causing a loss of about 80,000 f. The disaster
is attributed to the imprudence of a woman in throwing a
quantity of ashes, not quite extinguished, on to a heap of old
straw in the yard, which the wind blew into a flame.

A fire occurred, a few days ago, at Raon-sur-Plaine, in the
Vosges, which burnt with such rapidity that in ten minutes,
it is said, 14 dwellings were destroyed, and 40 persons left
without a shelter. One poor woman was burnt to death.

LAW AND POLICE.
At the Central Criminal Court eight prisoners on the list
for trial pleaded guilty, and of the number was Thos. Lucas,
who was indicted for stealing a valuable tea-urn, the property
of Messrs. W. Worster and Co. The prisoner having been
previously convicted of felony in this Court, was sentenced
to seven years' transpoTtation. The rest were sentenced to
various terms of imprisonment. _ _

Benjamin Hill was charged with picking pocket,. Hill
having indulged in flippancy, he was silenced by an officer,
who from a book read no less than nine convictions which
had come under his own knowledge since 1839. The Com-
mon Sergeant told the prisoner that his career was at an end ;
he was by far too clever to remain any longer in this country,
The sentence, he having been found guilty, was, t4iat he Le
transported beyond the seas for ten years.
William Smith was indicted for stealing 106 yards of silk
and 101 yards of satin, value 39L 10s., the property of Griffith
Foulkes, and the jury, without much hesitation, found hint
guilty. The Common Sergeant told the convict that he had,
managed his part of the transaction with great art and cun-
ning, and he had called no one to give any account of his
previous character. The sentence was, that he be transported
beyond the seas for seven years.
At Marlborough-street, George Williamson, a well-known
thief, was charged with having robbed Mary Esslat, the wife
of a labouring man, living at No. 25, Upper Uxbridge-street,
Notting-hill. It appeared, while she was passing along
Regent-street, about 10 o'clock the previous evening, having
in her hand a purse, containing 4s. 6d., and a pocket hand-
kerchief, with a sovereign tied in the corner, the prisoner put
his hand over her shoulder, and snatched both purse and
handkerchief away. The police constable told Mr. Maltby
that the poor woman maintained herself and a bed-ridden
husband by washing, and the loss of the sovereign would be
seriously felt by them. The prisoner was fully committed,
Mr. Maltby, taking into consideration the severity with
which the loss of the sovereign would press on the poor
woman, directed that the amount should,be paid to her out
of the poor-box fund. •
001711T—YASH107071LIBLE. - -
The Earl of Devon arrived at the British and Foreign
Hotel from Ireland, on Monday evening, for the season.
The Marchioness of Londonderry gives her first party this
season to-morrow night, at Holderness House.
The Marquis of Salisbury's dinner and ball on Tuesday
next, was intended expressly to meet her Royal Highnese.;
the Duchess of Gloucester, but from the accident which I..er
Royal Highness met with last week it is more than doulAfal
whether her Royal Highness will be able to honour the,Soble
Marquis with her company.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Douglas (Princess Mary
of Baden) arrived at. Brodrick Castle, Isle o; Arran, on
Friday last, from Granton, where they have -peen staying
since their departure from Holyrood House.
Baron Rothschild, of Paris, and suite, arrived at. the Claren-
don Hotel, last evening, from the Continent.
Baron and Baroness Lionel de Rothschiki will give a grand
dinner on Sunday next, on the Terrace, Piccadilly, to the
Duke of Wellington and a select party.
His Excellency Sir Edward Disbrowe, the British Minister
at the Court of the Hague, does not return to his post tall
August, having obtained leave of absence. Sir Edward lute
taken Sir F. Hamilton's mansion, in Great Cumberland -place
for the season.
Sir Hugh H. Campbell, Bart., M.P., and Lady Camp►,jell
are shortly expected from Switzerland, the last letterri re-
ceived from the Hon. Baronet being dated from Graeyrt. We
believe Sir Hugh has paired with the
.Hon. Captain
M.P., for the present month.
The Archbishop of Dublin and family are miding at Chel-
tenham.
The Marquis of Abercorn has returned to Dudley House,
Park-lane, from Shanklin, in the Isle of Wight, where the
Marchioness is still staying.
nasanzusprzotria.

The ordinary meeting of the Horticultural Society was
held on Tuesday afternoon, Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M.P.,
in the chair, and was very fully attended, amongst the com-
pany being the Earl of Aberdeen, the Earl of Dartmouth, the
Countess of Haddington, Sir Charles and Lady Hulse, Lady
Milner, Sir Francis and Lady Shuckburir:h, the Hon. Miss
Hamilton, &c. The Earl of Leicester wati elected a member.
The show of flowers was unrivalled in bfatuty for the season,.
and amongst the fruit were some Dutcb sweet-water grapes,
grown by Mr. Chapman, of Clapham, which had, perhai)s,
never been surpassed in beauty.
The Manchester Theatre was totally destroyed by fire yilg-
terday morning. The building was insured for 4,0001., a.nd
the properties for 6001., but these sums will not nearly cower
the loss.
The Monster trial has been again adjourned, and judgmt
will not be pronounced till next term, which commences on
the 22d inst.
A meeting of Members of Parliament for Scotland took
place on Monday, to consider the Prisons Bill introducizd 1)y
the Lord Advocate; it was attended
_by Lord Dalmer,y, Sir
A. Leith Hay, Sir J. M'Taggart, and Messrs. Hume, Balfour,
Ellice, Bannerman, Loch, Dennistoun, G. Craig, 7.,Lacaulay,
Ewart, Maule, Thistle, Duncan, and Morrison.

ART-UNIONS.
DEPUTATION TO SIR BOBER' r PEEL.
Yesterday morning a deputation from tb' e. general meeting
of artists, held at Willis's Rooms on SatV-rdad, the 27th ult.,
consisting of the following gentlemen, haf 1 e honour of an
interview with Sir Robert Peel upon the subject of the sup-
pression of Art-Unions, viz.:—W. Find( an George B. WWI
Edward Goodall, C. Moore, Richard R' Jtja'wen, A. Clint, F.
Y. Hurlstone, James Fahey, J. B. Ile, J. stephanoff, A.
Aglio, R. Buss, and Henry Warren, lg sqrs. They were intro-
duced by T. Wyse, Esq., 3,1. P. Mr.. 'Fa hey being deputed to
explain to Sir Robert the objects of, the, deputation, began by
thanking him for his urbanity and. Icia•cluess in appointing so
early an Interview, and stated that th e meeting of the artists
had been convened by public advortiszment to all artists, and
' general circulars • that the menioriaiae,
totSirhaTb been agreed tobert as well as
petitions to both Houses of Parliament,
..its-Unions mons had
F n the •
been productive of great ben .it o arts in general, as
and adopted at the meeting. That the ) ' •
on theirprosperity,
producing and fostering a love for, and , encouragement of
well as many trades deper.dent irp by
sathle '
them. Ho stated that the Londoh Art-Tjnion alone had ex-
pended in pictures in the last year, together with the addi-
tions by the holders of prizes, the f 4 1:10 wing sums :—For the
tteadt i
oant:
it 118,
LRI
073- ALademy, the sum, of
Artists, 2,8801. 7s. ; to
3,3061. 13s. ; to the Society 'of British
Society of Painters -in
Britishtphiceture
Water Colours, 679/. 17s. ; and the
pictures
exhibited at the Roal. .Aiademy, the sum, of
3,3061. 135.; to the Soeiety of Bitisl Artists, 2,8801. 7a.; to
the British Insti
new Society of Painters
in Water Colours, 576/. 3s. That(th
had created a most beneficial infl e Art-Union exhibition
exhi-
bition of its works for the ae ace, by opening the
space lei • six weeks to the public,
and to which more than 200,000,
He read an account furnished- "Pers°nswereadmitted gratis.
Secretary of
Honorary
the Royal Irish Art U mon• by the ,
, sh?* the immense benefits
which had accrued to the r
mezt • that es i Ireand from its establish-
, previous to the Institultion there was no ritate
or public patronage whatever,.'
shillings • except to the amount of thirty
in four yeare,.. and that, since its commencement,
not only was such a eAesideratum obtained, but that an emu-
lation actually exiFated as to who should possess the works of
the artists, pure
.I.4ased from the easel. Sir R. Peel suggested
,that it would:oe the better course try have a Committee of
Inquiry tit() the nature and advantages of Art-Unions, ,und
if such, were moved for, that no opposition would be ()tiered
by tar Majesty's Government, and he thought it could, . not
b:ein better hands than those of Mr. Wyse, if the Honourable
'Member would undertake to do so. Mr. Wyse fully coin-
cided with the Hon. Baronet, and at the same time exprebsed
his intention to accede to the request which had been maden
at the meeting, by presenting the petition to the House, 1 d
of moving for the Committee of Inquity, as recommendv

SERIOUS' ,ACCIDENT TO ADMIRAL SIR J. Thtir..
Kiss WHITSItED, BART.—Thisrenerrsble officer, while cross-
ing Hanover-square, on Sunday pvenib2g, was knocked down
by a gentleman',s cab, and run ov* He was instantly picked
up, and conveyed to his residence In Cavendish-square. Mr.
Copeland and Mr:Hamilton were shiy,tly in attendance on b im,
but we are happy to state that on-"Fcaminastwioenr to it was
that the injuries he received werei not to such an /dans:llllc
mexatdeentatasowe Gallantas at first
Astdina
anticipated.irls es
,ri They. an
den last night, was,'that
he was improving. He is in his 84th year. •
The Prince of Waless donation tg 100 guineas in
aid of the subscription fund for tbn restoration of parts of
the interior of Chester Cathedral, heads the list of ,
donors. The Marquis of Westminster and the Pad e
ivieeslirer,
f of
tohredsaanindelaVnalrio•uningt t; otnhleianvicshroepT4' givenle4
.dor
of London, 50/.; and Lord Robert Grosvenor, the Bisho
rosvenor,
Bart., and others, smaller amounts. The *
reaches 1,500/. 31 Aription already
AailSontains
O'blosleyP,

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE EVENINS PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
GLOBE.—The appointment of Mr. O'Brien as a sti-
pendiary magistrate in Ireland was last evening again
the subject of debate in the House of Lords. The Mar-
quis of Clanricarde, having obtained the papers relating
to this appointment, brought the question before the
House by a substantive resolution, declaratory
of the impolicy of the Act. The Noble Mar-
quis supported his motion by a two-fold argu-
ment. Mr. O'Brien had been a repealer ; distin-
guished, as such, by the intemperance and violence
of his declamations against the union, and by. the incen.
Lives which he employed to inflame the minds of the
Irish people, exhorting them to combine for the pur-
pose of forcing its abrogation upon the Legislature and
the Goverment. After obtaining notoriety and ex-
citing alarm by the violence of his invectives in the
province's, Mr. O'Brien aspired to distinction in the
etropolis. At a meeting of the Repeal Association,
held at the Corn Exchange, Mr. O'Brien delivered him-
self in terms so redolent of sedition and so fraught with
violence, that at the instance of Mr. O'Connell he was
first interrupted.in his address, and eventually compelled
to retire. His letter to Lord Fortescue, when Lord Lieu-
tenant of Ireland, in consequence of his Lordship's decla-
ration against Repeal and Repealers, that has been before
alluded to, showed Mr. O'Brien to be as intemperate
when writing, as he was when speaking on the subject of
Repeal. It is unnecessary to refer again to that ex-
traordinary ebullition of intemperance. Nothing sur-
passing it in violence has been subsequently penned.
Yet Repeal, as the Marquis of Claaricarde observed,
" was not then so formidable as it has since become."
The movement was not then national : it was feeble,
and confined within narrow limits. The declaration of
Lord Fortescue had effectually checked its progress.
Its powers were declining—it was diminishing in the
estimation of those who had allowed themselves to be
enrolled as members of the Association, and every
one saw it would soon become extinct. The acces-
sion of the Tories to power, and the revived hopes
and efforts of the Ultra-Protestant party from that
event, acted upon the decaying energies of the Re-
peal party, and roused its leaders to new exer-
tions for the object the Repeal Association was formed
to accomplish. The impolitic interference of the Go-
vernment—both with respect to the mode and the
period of that interference—with the " monster meet-
ings," and their prosecution of the Repeal leaders,
have produced their natural results upon the Irish
people, and rendered repeal not merely a name, but
the confederacy formed for its attainment " a great
fact," at ones embarrassing to the Government and
perilous to the national tranquillity. Yet—at such a
time when the Government is prosecuting O'Connell and
several other repeal agitators for their violent speeches
and writings on the subject of repeal—they select for
a stipendiary magistrate a person whose speoches
and writing were super-eminent for violence—whose
addresses were calculated to inflame the populace to
desperate deeds, and whose letter to the Sovereign's re-
presentative,. as head of the Irish Government, because
of his avowed determination to withhold the Govern-
ment patronage from members of the Repeal Association,
was at once an insult to the Royal authority, and emi-
nently calculated to bring the Government, which he ad-
ministered in the Sovereign's name, into contempt. Such
is the man to whom the Government, with admirable con-
sistency, confides the powers of a stipendiary magistrate
in Ireland! But Mr. O'Brien has ceased to be a Repealer.
lie has. But has he ceased to be violent and intemperate?
Had he suddenly become calm and dignified—as distin-
guished for his moderation, as he had formerly been by
his violence—the appointment would, at such a time.
and in the present state of the public feeling, have been
objectionable. Mr. O'Brien's past conduct would
have tended to lower him in the public estimation. His
functions would have been impaired in efficiency by
the recollection of his former position. As a deserter
from the repeal movement, he would be viewed with
dislike by the populace ; while, on the other hand, the
suspicion with which men regard a renegade would
attach to him, in the estimation of those who hold the
repeal project in abhorrence. But if Mr. O'Brien have
only changed his party, without restraining his
intemperance of speech and writing —if, as an
Anti-Repealer, he employs his vituperative powers
to abuse the individuals upon whom he formerly
lavished the most fulsome praises—if he is now
found denouncing repeal as fiercely as he once com-
mended its excellency, and urged its adoption—the un-
fitness of Mr. O'Brien for the office to which he has
been appointed is proved, and the assertion of the reso-
ution moved by the Marquis of Clanricarde is esta-
blished. Such an appointment is " calculated to disturb
all confidence in the steady and efficient administration
eepstice, which it should be the objects of such ap-
pointenents to insure."
STANDARD.—The attempt to render more clear,
,or to bring within a narrower compass, the exposition
with which Sir Robert Peel introduced his resolu-
tions last night upon the Bank question, would
'he indeed a vain one. We can merely hope
to point attention to the general direction of the
ißight Hon. Baronet's explanation. After showing the
'linty of taking up the subject at this particular
tame, the Premier proceeded to reason from indis-
ottable first principles as to the expediency of provid-
ing' s secure and steady supply of a circulating medium
—the' great object of his proposed plan. He treated
with m, exited contempt all the mountain of rubbish that
has been written on the subject, demonstrating the ab-
surdity of speculating upon an abstract standard of
value, and taking as his standard the pound
sterling, as i• epresented by a gold coin of a deter-
mined weight And fineness. The number of books
written, and alie extraordinary variety of opi-
nions hazarded upon this subject, have perplexed
most men's opinions as to the nature of a standard
of value, and as to its possible existence. Sir R. Peel
wisely throws all these books and opinions on one side,
and wisely takes the golden sovereign as his standard—a
sufficient standard for the time, as experience teaches,
used as our knowledge of the nearly fixed quantity and
*dwelt equal estimation of gold all over the world, shows
it roust be ; but a standard invariable through all
times must be impossible; while the numbers, wants,
tastes, possessions, and powers of mankind shall
continue in is state of constant change, as, to the
censummatiore of all things, they will continue.
The Premier next showed that a single standard
of value is necessary, by pointing to the frequent
variations whit+ occur in the relative prices of all
things, a variation which, were there two standards,
would enable the debtor to cheat his creditor, by
,paying in the cheaper article all debts contracted. A
pound weight of silver, for example, might sometimes
in commerce change for seven half-sovereigns' weight
.of gold, sormetimes for six ; now, by allowing a
,double standard:. you would enable the man who had
'borrowed seven half-sovereigns in gold to repay it by
sae much silver as would in the market bring but six.
Mooing thus assumed the pound sterling in gold as
Isis single standard of value, the Premier proceeded to
esmsider the effect of the amount of circulation in
the country upon prices, whether this circulation might
consist of coined money or of notes convertible at the
will of the holder, or believed to be convertible into
.coined money. This effect, we need scarcely say, is to
determine the prices ;of all things—an abundance of
money making al/thing's dear, a scarcity of moneymaking
all things cheap. If a demonstration of this effect is
wanted, it will be found in Mr. Locke's essay ; bat
at this' time of day we suppose that no one requires it.
As little can it be necessary to show that the
tendency of this greater augmentation of the amount of
the circulation in one country than in others must be
unfavourable in the exchanges, an effect which would be
felt more severely were not the augmentation of our
circulation snore than balanced by the increase of eur
capital. The necessity of a commerce for which the re-
quired amount' of gold is not available, has suggested a
representative gold, on demand convertible into gold ;
and this, to all. purposes, is the same as an equivalent
to the additien (of so much gold to the circulation. But
here arises an evil—this addition may be made, and
may disturb prices, without sufficient cause. Nay, it not
only may, but certainly will, raise prices, at that very
time when, for the benefit of commerce, prices ought to
be reduced. Prices we suppose are high; they who
want to purchase must have more money; they who
want to sell must have more money to enlarge their
stock or ewtend their speculations during the golden
opportunity of high prices. Both fly to the banker,
who, besides being a discounter of bills, is also a manu-
facturer of me ney ; he discounts their bills in his own
totes ; this by .to much swells the circulation, and there-
fore by so much raises prices still higher, and so
the process of inflammation advances until high
prices have reacted their limits, and gone beyond
the limits of reason ; and then follows a panic
among the hankers, whose resources have been
sandnsed—a crash, the ruin of hundreds of thou-
followed by years of depression to all, of
misery to most It is to obviate this dreadful evil that
the more *
directed—h important pars of Sir Robert Peel's plan are
bankers theelrala take
away, as far as he can, from
p
-wet"-, and ton great extent, where be can-
Dot take away tea.
temptation, to awe— power, he would take away the
.
zsttlitisthe simulating medium. With
this purpose he
tion between banks eaelle4 a clear practical distinc-
ere insufficiently called
from one only of their eater
of issue. The bank of on se of deposit and banks s
the old and legi-
timate bank—the bank that was
; its "ealrtliiiewn before the
existence of bank notes
se was to
receive cash and securities in deposieesatndl. toadvance
money upon them. Afterwards it became the sodium
of transferring caeh by foreign and inlandtells of
exchange, raisins money upon securities and
ll
the other banking operations now suß'icie4e
well known. As long as banks limited their dealings
within this sphere, they could scarcely operate upon the
Circulating medium to any material extent. Such banks
are perfectly harmless, where they are not grossly awe,
honest ; on the other hand, if the public has
-s assurance 'of
their solvency, the more of them there are, and the more
active the competition among them, the better for all.
The introduction of a representative circulation in
the form of paper money, however, introduced a new
eelass of banks, banks of issue, and tempted some of the
banks established upon the old principle to embark in
new branch of trade, the manufactory of money.
The combination of functions of a bank of deposit
and a bank of issue opened new fountains to swell
the circulating medium, but in many cases the
stembination was unavoidable. The deposit banker
"told lose his customers, if not as accommodating
to theta es the banker who manufactured money ; but
at a equal° of urgent demand and high prices, in order to
aeaeneie, sedate them, he also must become a manufacturer
of meneee% and so the manufacture of money went on
with Derte, 't honesty—perhaps on the part of all with
ifisofthlatiektVre
ertamly on the part of the majority,
*Aber necessary limit but a panic, a: j
ba of public distress.

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