The Sun.
London, England, 1844-01-19 00:00:00

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.

- -
Lox now, JAN. lg.—Light Westerly breeze and cloudy
DEAL, JAN. 17.--Wind N.W., moderate; p.m. N. by
W., haay.—Arrd. Earl Durham, Crouch, Calcutta; Har-
mony, Alesserv, Newfoundland. Sld. Sophia, Madras and
Calcutta. The schooner Frien•ishin, of Yarmouth, which
sank at her anchors (in the fairway of navigation for Ramsgate
Harbour) during a gale in October last, has drifted, and lies
•ff No. 2 Battery, in ten feet at low water, nearly half a mile
from the shore. Several boats' crews are attempting to weigh
her, and will probably succeed should the weather continue
moderate.

CLYDE, JAN. 15. Sld. Ida, Demerara.
A RDROSSAN, JAN. 11. —Sid. James Reid, St. Thomas's.
GRINISET, JAN. 15.—The Sarah, of Yarmouth, was brought
in here yesterday. a derelict, hating bean fallen in with off
Flamborough Head, abandoned.

RYE, JAN. 17.—Arrd. Zeldenhurst, Hamburgh—sailed
Nov. 19.

SouTitAmrox. JAN. 17.--gld. Tweed steamer, West Indies,

•
PLYMOUTH, JAN. 17.—Wind N.E.—Arrd. Ana Hall,
Hubert, St. John's, New Brunswick, with loss of boats, bul •
warks, &c. Shl. H.M.S. Vestal, and Arcturus, New York.
FALMOUTH, JAN. 17.—Wind N.E., moderate.—Arrd
Ellen, M'Eachern, Demerara, with trilling damage, having
been in contact with a schooner this morning oil Fleetwood ;
Richardson, Mauritius.
SCILLY, JAN. 14.—Arrd. George Ramsey, Quebec.
FALMOUTH, JAN. 17.—The Gloucester, from Liverpool to
Prince's Island, which put in here 9th instant, has commenced
discharging her cargo of coals.
Lxvcaroot, JAN. 17.--Wind N. N.W. to N.' light.—Arrd.
Thomas Sparkes, Valparai,o ; Virginia, White, New Orleans ;
Scotland, Mills, Savannah ; Swanton, Davenport, Charlestor
Off, Monongahela, Philadelphia ; Georgiana, New Orleans.
Sid. Queen, Calcutta; Ellen Clare, Hayti ; Medford. New
Orleans; American, Savannah; Peruvian. St. John's, N.B.
The following is an extract of a letter, received at Lloyd's
from the Captain of H.M.S. Belvidera, through the Colonial-
office, relative to the above vessel :
" H.M.S. Relvidera, Gibraltar, Jan. 6,1844.

" Sir,—From the prevalence of the strong westerly winds,
nothing can be done at present, and I fear that, from her si-
tuation, she will most probably go to pieces.—l am, &c.
(Signed) " J. ROBINSON, Acting Captain.
" His Excellency Sir Robert Wilson," &c.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERSALL'S—YESTERDAY.
CHESTER CU?.
15 to 1 agst Mr. F. A. Milbanke's Sir Robert—t. to 251.
DERBY.
300 to 100 agst the Ugly Buck and Rattan—taken
18 to 1 agat Lord Maidstone's Cockamaroo
20 to 1 agst Mr. Lichtwald's Leander
23 to 1 agst Colonel Peel's Orlando—taken to 50/.
25 to 1 agst Colonel Peel's lonian—taken to 301. and
afterwards offered
25 to 1 agst Mr. A. Wood's Running Rein—taken to 50/.
1000 to 25 agat Mr. Bowes's Saddle Bow—taken
1000 to 23 agst Sir G. Heathcote's Campanero—taken and
afterwards offered
50 to I agst Mr. St. Paul's Telemachus—take 1000 to 15
100) to 15 agst Mr. Thornhi'l's Apprentioe--t. several times.
ST. LEG ER.
1,000 even on the field against the following seven :—Rat-
tan, The Ugly Buck, Leander, the Princess, Foig-a-ballagh,
Zenobia, and The Cure. 600 to 400 was afterwards betted on
the field against the same lot. 100 even between the Vat
colt and The Cure.
In the above very unpretending list via have recorded the
" Sayings and Doings" of the afternoon ; it is only necessary
to add that the Leander commissioners would have taken 22
to 1, and that Running Rein's backer had "another pony" to
lay out at the odds quoted.
BATH RACES, 1844.
The following two yrs olds are named for the Weston Stakes :
—Lord G. Bentin:•k's Aliss Elis—Mr. Stevens' f by Win-
tonian, out of Walfruna (31bs)—Mr. Hewitt's c by Glaueus,
out of Camelina—Mr. J. Dixon's Easton, and Chevy Chase—
Mr. Griffiths' Wild Rose—Mr. J. Day's The Maid of Orleans
—and Mr. Herbert's f by Elis, out of Charlotte West.

Mazzinghi, the well-known composer, died the
day before yesterday, at Bath. He wrote several operas for
the patent houses, and various instrumental works. He was
for many years a sleeping partner in the house of Goulding,
D'Almaine, and Co.
DEATH OF THE COUNTESS DOWAGER OF CLARE.
—The Countess Dowager of Clare expired, at her house in
Belgrave-square, late on Saturday evening. Her Ladyship
was the eldest daughter of the late Richard Chapel Whaley,
Esq., and was married, in 1786, to the late Earl of Clare,
the Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, and father of the rresent
LW.

CUTION IN JAMAICA.
The Jamaica papers give an account of a dreadful case
of violation and murder, rendered more horrible by the
circumstances attending the execution of the criminals.
The story is the more remarkable, too, from the circum-
stance, that the crime was discovered by the confessions
of the perpetrators, extorted from them by the agonies of
remorse. Two men, of the name of Pendrill and Reeve,
alias Chitty, were imprisoned for some minor offences, in
two prisons at a distance from each other ; the one at
Falmouth, and the other at Kingston. ,Both of them, in
their sleeping as well as waking moments, made such
revelations respecting a crime they had committed, that
they were brought to trial for it. On the trial, the evi-
dence of the persons in whose hearing they had made
these revelations was brought forward. Some parts of it
were as follows :—Thomas Anderson said he had been
confined in the Fahnouth district prison for assault. He
knew Pendrill, and saw him in January. They occupied
the same room. During the nights, Pendrill used to he
very much agitated ; he would call out in his sleep,
" What do you want with me ? I did'nt kill you ; go
away." He tossed his arms about, tore his clothes, and
stripped himself quite naked. One morning after he had
been calling out in his sleep in this manner in the
Penitentiary, Pendrill then told witness that he and
Reeve (Chitty), coming from Fahnouth, had met a girl
whom they had carried into the bush, and murdered.
Other witnesses described similar conduct, on the part
of Reeve (or Chitty), in Kingston prison. Upon this evi-
dence, and corroboratory facts, the two culprits were
convicted. They were executed at Falmouth on the
30th of November. On the scaffold they behaved with
the utmost composure, and, notwithstanding the exhor-
tations of the clergyman who attended them, steadily
denied their guilt. The appalling circumstances attend-
ing the conclusion of the scene arc thus detailed by the
Cornwall Chronicle : —His reverence the Rector then
commenced to read the funeral service, and while the
tremulous tones of his voice still resounded in the ears of
these wretched men, the drop fell from beneath their
feet, and there succeeded a scene of horror which we
heartily pray we may never witness anything like again.
The rope with which Chitty was suspended broke by the
violence of the fall, occasioned by the length of slack al-
lowed him ; the cap which covered Fendrill's face being
too big and unfastened was blown off, and the dreadful
emotions of his features from the agonies of death on
the countenance of the unfortunate sufferer became pain-
fully visible to the gaze of the surrounding spectators,
many of whom burst into tears, and nearly all uttered
ejaculations of the harrowing sensations with which
they were agitated. Chitty, in the meantime, without
ass►stance, quickly got upon his legs, unhurt, and imme-
diately exclaimed, " This is fair play ; fair play for it."
This exclamation he reiterated several times, with slight
variations in the collocation of the words. Meantime a
messenger was dispatched on horseback fur a fresh
supply of rope, while old Bacchus, the executioner, was
mechanically engaged in knotting another noose from
the fragment of rope which remained. The wretched
man continued to declare his innocence of the murder,
and declared that he never knew the girl, he never saw
her, &c.,with a great degree of volubility and vehemence;
after which, observing the executioner with the noose in
his hand, he said, "I will take my chance with that."
He again ascended the step ladder, the top of which was
used for a drop. He made no faltering stop. On
gaining the upper landing, and while the executioner
was making preparation, he exclaimed, " Oh, Mighty
Lord Jesus—guilty sinners shall be cast into hell—if
in Heaven thou can save me—if cast into hell thou
canst'see me—l suffer death like a man—l never knew the
girl—l never saw the girl, but lam doomed to death for
thou only one." After a pause he addressed himself in
advancedpray' :Lao
fletfhteosffcaff o lti speaking,and addressedlNlr . lSiaci nbt re:
—Sam Reeve, it has pleased the Lord to give you fur-
therer When he
hfreonh
time to join again with me in prayer, let us then—
the Rev. Gentleman then proceeded to read the funeral
service, where he had left off ; while so engaged, the
step ladder was very adroitly tripped up, and the wretched
sufferer once more swung off, his cap was again blown
away, and his features exposed in a similar manner to
Pendrill's. His sufferings must have been very great ;
his body was dreadfully convulsed for two or three mi-
nutes, during which time he repeatedly kicked the then
lifeless body of his fellow prisoner, which hung below
him, and at one time raised both his legs and placed
them upon Pendrill's shoulders, thus adding another ac-
companiment to the completion of this scene of horror.

MANUFACTURING DISTRESS IN FRANCE.—The
National publishes the following letter, signed by a number of
manufacturers of Cambrai :
"TO THE EDITOR OF THE NATIONAL.'

" As the Alinister has not feared to affirm that commerce is
in a prosperous condition, and as a controversy may be raised
on this assertion, we send yon some information relative to the
position of our arrondissement, the most considerable in the
department of the north.
" Never since 1815 were commercial affairs in a worse
position.
" The trade in cambrics is completely null.
" A crisis exists amongst the cotton and woollen manufac-
turers. The operative weavers can only earn from 10 to 15
ions a day.
" The oil trade, which formed the most important branch of
commerce in the arrondissement, is so completely paralysed,
that a mill, which some time since cost 100,000 f., would, not
sell for 20,000 f.

The value of house property has fallen 40 per cent., and
what is worse, landed property has fallen 33 per cent.
" There is in fact but one trade in a prosperous condition,
and that is the trade of a banker, who discounts at 7 and 8
per cent.

"6 We defy the Government to contradict a single one of oar
assertions, and we are ready to prove nhat we advance.
" We authorise you to pubdsh this letter.
" Jan. 9." (H• follow the signatures.)

-ere low ..
INSULT TO THE CATHOLICS OF IRELAND.—GREAT
signed,ln chapel, a
to
express
their CatholicsCatholics
indignationof
at Dundalkthe foul w' as heldin
and
MEETING 01, THE CATHOLICS Or DUNDALK.—On yester-
day, pursuant to a requisition numerously and influentially
auda-
cious course pursued by the Crown
prosecutors in striking off
the names of the Catholics from the jury list, and thereby in-
timating that they could not be trusted on their oaths. The
meeting was the most crowded ever witnessed within the walls
of any building in the tow and was composed of the wealth
tle
o
and respectability, the 1 and neigh-
bourhood.—Dublin Pilot.he .2\ru T bow 1 l deOuest of Nantes gives the follow-
ingn,
account of a deplorable event which happened a few days
ago at a manufactory for chemical preparations near the town,
on the road to Rennes:_" Sixteen men were employed in
sweeping one of the work-shops, the floor of which was ca-
vered with lead, when they soon found themselves much af-
fected by deleterious emanations, and hastened away. The
evil, however, was done. The were all oisoned. Every pre-
medy their cases required wasy
immediately administered, but
two of them died, and the rest are in a serious state, though
hopes of saving them are entertained. The magistracy has
instituted an inquiry in order, if possible, to prevent a recur-
rence of similar consequences.
Tit E COMMERCIAL GREATNESS OF ENGLAND.—
In consequence of the extension of sur possessions in the East
Indies, and the opening of the various ports in the Chinese
seas, acquired by the late treaty with the Emperor of China,
which has occasioned an extensive demand for our manu-
factures, a very large supply of shipping, for the export of
the various commodities, has been advertised at Lloyd's during
the previous week to be ready to start for their respective
foreign ports in the course of the ensuing month. The
_
number of ships announced to leave the various doeks ad-
joining the River 'I hames and Gravesend, for Madras, Cal-
cutta, Bombay, Australia, China, Hong-Kong, and other
parts of the east, amounts to above 60, whose tonnage varies,
each vessel from 300 to 1,000 and upwards. Of these, one
firm, whose establishment is at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, fur-
nishes nine vessels (five of them being above 1,000 tons each,
and which collectively amount to 7,150 tons). Another firm
in London sends out five ships (of these three carry above 1,000
tons, and the five collectively 4,850 tons). Included in the
above list of the commercial fleet are the following line of packet
and mail packet vessels :—The regular packet for Australia,
the Australian line of packet for Sydney, the Australian mail-
packet for Sydney to convey the mail, the Sydney Royal mail-
packet and the overland mail, which leave England once a
month. The ships employed in this trade, as declared
in Lloyd's List, give an amount of above 35,000 re-
gistered tons. The following are the names of the
vessels :—The Colombo, 600 tons ; Pekin, 650 ; Robert
Small, 800 ; Ellenborottsh, 1,100 ; Bucephalus, 1,050 ; Plan-
tagenet, 1,000; Duke of Argyle, 800; Tudor, 1,150, the pro-
perty of Messrs. T. and W. Smith, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ;
se,ele,aonsgo,;6oQeeou;Ens:ex, 850 ; Maidstone, 1,000; Southamp-
ton,l,3so, the property of Messrs. Wigram,
Blackwell; True Britain, 800; Thomas Lee, 350; Lady
Clarke,
Castle,rke,sso 800;
; pnict
Culdee,3ierB7 George, 414 ; Arab, 484 ; 'Wal-
ines!
800;
Hungerford, 724 ; London,
700 ; British Empire, 616 ; Orestes, 700; Anna Robertson,
500; Worcester, 6.0 ; Earl Durham, 453 ; Token, 625 ; Isa-
bella, 580 ; Sons of Commerce, 431 ; Druid, 341 ; Royal Tar,
'
338; City of Derry, Surge, Marquiasooof;BLuated,y Suaprapyh,o,27aond;
Foam, no tonnage given ; Lady, 315 ; Cheyne, 625 ;
etoh the different line of packets,
Dow-
thorp, 450; Scandian, 650; Sumatra, 364; Champion, 226 ;
whichGUnazi eeol Gazelle,
r4yoo3f7r;sn
from
g4tohogeot i nt North
°,Br3to3hoe;rl3 tons ri
ttin
eted at the village of each.
MURDER.-11'e have been informed that an atro-
cious case of murder was
perpetrated
Loch-
gilphead on Thursday last. So far as we have learned, an
unmarried man, named Peter Campbell, a schoolmaster there,
who lived in the same house with his mother and aunt, assaulted
his relatives on the day in question, and with a razor almost
severed the head of his aunt from her body, from which death,
of course, resulted instantaneously. 'The infuriated man was
in the act of murdering his mother, when her screams attracted
the notice of Mr. APslillan, of the Stag bin, who burst open
the door, and with a stick knocked the razor from Campbell's
hand, and secured him. The poor women is severely cut
about the face, neck, and arms, and is dangerously ill. The
man, regarding whose insanity there can be little doubt, has
bean taken to Inverary gaol.— Glasgow Herald.
LOCUSTS.—EomnAT, Nov. 29.—A few days back
we had a visit from a flight of locusts ; they did not, however,
settle, but passing over the harbour took an easterly direction;
they were several hundred feet above the earth, and appeared
ltihkeemandsesnosceccuplon floating
in passing, it is imagined they must haveeating in the air. From the space of time
°u scarcity,
aiern Had they made
might have been
extended at least ten miles. Sometime in last month a large
body of these insects alighted in the Deccan, about 150 miles
from Bombay, consuming the vegetation for miles round.
Many of the superstitious natives are apprehensive this visits.
tion
their
i sth the
appearance
forerunnerbnn
reef at faminehe in nnosnr
come cause for alarm, but now, all the crops are housed, and a
most abundant supply of every kind of grain secured, so that
it it diffitult to understand why they think so.

Sin,—From the first formation of the present Minis-
try, no doubt ever entered my mind but, that as a Tory
Government, they would act. Tory and Whig politics
are so essentially opposed, the one (Tory) governing
fur the people (oligarchically), and the other with the
the people, that it is impossible for a leader of either
party to act differently from that party to which he
belongs. And this the Tories knew when they placed
themselves under the guidance of Sir R. Peel, that they
placed themselves under a Tory leader, bred up in the
oligarchical system of government ; and that, in the true
spirit of that system, the country, at home and abroad,
would be governed. This the Liberals felt when they
withdrew their confidence from the late Government,
that they (the late Government) were becoming shy of
their principles. Look at Sir R. Peel's government of
England—lreland. Look at his foreign policy. Again,
his income-tax. In every essential it is a true Tory
Government. The income-tax—a vexatious impost,
injurious to industry as an additional tax, is
essentially useful in bringing food for the crib,
to which so many hungry Tories are continually
hurrying. Extravagance, ever an ingredient in the
legislation of the representatives of the people, knows
no bounds under a Tory majority. Exceeding Tory is
our foreign policy, cajoled or bullied by every power,
and this has invariably been our fate under a Tory
Government. With regard to Spain, Lord Aber-
deen has had but one object, the derange-
ment of Espartero's Government ; this likewise
being Louis Philippe's object. Between them it
has been speedily effected. Lord Aberdeen for
consistency sake, in having espoused Don Carlos' cause
—Louis Philippe from selfish motives, in the advantage
he might gain from the disorders that were certain to
arise. If Lord'Aberdeen did not foresee the disorders
that inevitably would arise, what a wretched cat's-paw
he has been in the service of Louis Philippe. And if he
did, it marks the risks that he would run against
Liberal principles. This is Lord Aberdeen ; but Lord
Aberdeen is of the Cabinet, where these things are dis-
cussed, and of which Cabinet Sir Robert reel is at the
head. Look to Ireland. The dismissal a magistrates
fat- advocating the cause of Repeal. The non-dismissal
of other magistrates (of opposite politics) for abuse of
power. The job, in face of the Act of Parliament, re-
garding Irish Church livings—the State trials—the
miserable schemes to secure a conviction, and last, the
striking out every Catholic from the jury list on the
ground of his religion. Is not this most essentially
Tory—and is not Sir Robert Peel at the head of the
Government, that authorises it ? Let the country enjoy
a Tory Government with a Tory leader if they like it.
But do not let it flatter itself, that there exists the least
modification of the old leaven. Your obedient servant,
Jan. 11. A RETIRED LIBERAL.

A FORTUNATE NEWSMAN.--A poor honest worthy
man, in the vicinity of Shrewsbury, is about to emerge
into comparative affluence. Thomas Williams, known
many years in that town as " the Llandrinio Post," and
who has conveyed the Shrewsbury Chronicle, half a cen-
tury, lately received a letter:from Liverpool, informing
him that a brother died in Jamaica, bequeathing to him,
as his nearest relative, two estates there, and 14,0001.
Honest Tom Williams suspected this letter to be a hoax,
thought nothing about it, and never named it to his
family. At length a letter was received by the post-
master of Shrewsbury, inquiring whether a person, such
as we have stated the Llandrinio postman to be, was in
existence, and the result is, that Thomas Williams is the
fortunate man.—Hereford Journal.

MARRIAGE IN HIGH LIFB.-1 Baltimore corre-
spondent of the New Yorh Herald, who was present at
the marriage, on the 12th instant, of the Hon. Carroll
Spence, to a grand-daughter of the late Charles
Carroll, of Carrollton, writes, "It was indeed a
most magnificent display, comprising the beauty
of the city, and that beauty rendered still more attrac-
tive by surrounding objects, and the anxious ex-
pectation of the company to see the bride and groom
enter. In parlours magnificently furnished, the walls
hung with works of the old masters, chandeliers sus-
pended from the ceiling, brackets and other ornaments
of the most beautiful form and workmanship ar-
ranged round the rooms, large and costly mirrors
reflecting the splendour of the apartments, were
gathered together of Baltimore " the young, the gay,
the beautiful." All was gaiety, all life and activity.
The rich jewels of Madam Bonaparte, and which, by
the way, are said to be the most ♦aluable in the country,
glittered magnificently as she moved. She is unques-
tionably the most beautiful woman of her age, in Bal-
timore, and is battling with time, inch by inch, with
an energy only exhibited by one of the fair sex, when
they possess an object which they deem worthy the use of
their powers. There, toe, among the great ones of the
land, were to be seen Mr. Riohard Caton and his lady,
who is the daughter of the late Charles Carroll of
Carrollton, and mother of the Honourable Lady Wel-
lesley, &c. Rumour says it is the intention of the
Caton family to dispose of their landed property in
this country and spend their remaining days in Europe.
Jerome Bonapate, who bears a strict resemblance
to his uncle, was also one of the company, with a
host of others. At about nine o'clock the company
had all assembled and anxiously awaited the consum-
mation—when the doors of the adjoining parlour were
thrown open, and four groomsmen appropriately ar-
rayed, each accompanied by a bridemaid, entered, fol-
lowed by the couple who are new man and wife. Never
have we seen two persons, judging from appearance,
better calculated to make each other happy. While the
Venerable Dr. Wyatt was performing the ceremony not
a ♦oice was heard--all was still—still as the hour of
death, and in that stillness we heard the compact sealed,
" Carroll and Rebecca, I pronounce thee wan and wife."
ROCIIDALR FLANNEL MARXIST, MONDAY, JAN.
15.—Though there have not been so many buyers in the
market, we have had a very fair demand for flannels, at
former prices. The wool market has been brisk, and
prices are looking up.
STATE OF TRADR.—Owing to the excitement pre-
vailing in the Liverpool cotton market, there was a very
unsettled and irregular market here yesterday. Spin-
ners and manufacturers generally demanded an advance
about equal to that which has taken place on the raw
material ; but the buyers, though disposed to purchase
rather freely at a small advance on previous rates, were
not generally inclined to give the prices demanded, and
the amount of business done was rather limited, though,
in most cases, at the rates demanded by the sellers.—
Manchester Guardian.

HORRIBLE DF♦TII OF ♦ BLIND JEWESS EY FIRE
—Wednesday Mr. Baker held en inquest at the London Hos-
pital on the body of Catherine Levy, a Jewess, aged b 4 years.
It appeared by the evidence that the deceased resided with her
brother in a room, at No. 10, Fireball-court, Houndsditeh.
She was totally blind, and such was their extreme destitution
that she was unable to pay any person to attend upon her,
aid her brother was compelled to leave her at home by
herself whilst he sold a few articles in the streets to support
them. On Monday morning last he left her, as usual, about
ten o'clock. At one the landlord of the house, Mr. Netts,
heard a scream of " Oh, I am on fire," proceeding from de-
ceased's room, and upon going up stairs to ascertain the cause
he found her lying on the floor enveloped in flames. By great
exertions he extinguished the fire, and the engines having
arrived one of the firemen got deeeased out of the room, and
having placed her in a cab took her to the above hospital,
where she died on the following morning, the house surgeon
said from the effects of the severe barns she received. Verdict
—" Accidental death."

AN HONOURABLE REWARD.—I❑ a late number of
our journal we recorded the brave act of our respected towns-
man, Sir Nl' alter Buchannan Riddell, Bart., in plunging into
the mill-head of Messrs. Mercer and Parton's mill, on the night
of the 26th of December last, and rescuing a woman who had
either fallen or had been thrown into the water, at that deep
and dangerous spot. The paragraph being quoted in the London
papers, attracted the attention of the Secretary of the Royal
Humane Society, who wrote to us for the confirmation of
the statement, and any further particulars we might be
able he afford. We immediately complied with so agreeable
a requisition, and we have since received from the secretary
of the noble institution in question the following communi-
cation, which we have sincere gratification in laying before
our readers :—" Trafalgar-square, January 10.—Sir, I have
much pleasure in informing you that the Royal Humane
Society has awarded its honorary silver medallion to Sir W.
Riddell, Bart., for his courage and humanity in saving the
woman's life on the 26th ult.—l remain, Sir, your obedient
servant, B. WESTROPP. Mr. Edward Pickard Hall, Maid-
stone." We may add, what we were not previously aware
of, that when Sir Walter so chivalrously pranged into the
water, which was at that spot seven feet and a half deep,
and running with a strong current through a low arch-
way under the mill, the Hon. Baronet was encumbered with
his great-coat, which he did not wait to divest himself of, and
also that after getting the woman out of the water, he carried
her to her lodgings, sent for a surge•n, and remained in his
wet clothes for upwards of an hour, in fact, till he had assured
himself that every possible care was being taken of the poor
creature. It is almost miraculous that Sir Walter should have
escaped the usual consequences of such exposure to wet and
cold, but wo rejoice to learn that he has not suffered in the
slightest degree, and we trust he will enjoy many years of
health and happiness, experiencing the serenity of mind
which virtue awl benevolence produce, and receiving the
esteem and respect of all who know his worth.—Maidstone
Journal.

SI3GULAR COMBINATION OF " PROFESBIONS."—We
understand that there is, at present, a " professor" of many
professions, residing at Skelton, near this city, who has the
honour to hold the following appointments, viz.:-school-
master, parish clerk, sexton, organist, churchwarden, juryman,
afferior or referee, bye-lawman, land-surveytr, special con-
stable, town's clerk or book-keeper, assessor of assessed taxes)
collector of ditto, registrar of births an deaths, assessor of pro-
perty tax, collector of ditto, agent to the Royal Naval, Military,
East India Company, and General Life Assurance Society, also
postmaster.

A letter from Rome, Dec. 28, in the Universal
German Gazette, says :—" The French journals will announce
perhaps, that some troubles are taking place in this capital.
To avoid all mistakes, this is what has occurred :—The public
dancers had the right, from a very distant period, of appearing
on the stage in exceedingly thin clothing. This became at
last so scandalous, that the authorities had ordered the dancers
of the Apollo Theatre to dress more decently. This change
was not to the taste of the public, and, both in and out of the
theatre, some quarrels took place between the citizens and the
military. Sotto persons were arrested, and order was then
Jiestored."

Mr. O'Connell and his son, John O'Connell, attired in
the bar costume, were in punctual attendance.
The Clerk of the Crown called the Traversers, who se-
verally answered to their names.
The Jury having been called over,
Mr. Rigby (one of the Jurors) rose, and addressing the
Court, said he felt it due to himself to observe to their
Lordships, when he was asked yesterday how many Chris-
tian names were inscribed upon the door-label of his house,
he replied tut the inscription was " J. J. Rigby." On re-
turning home, however, last night, he was greatly sur-
prised to find that there was only " John Rigby " on
the door. When ho made the assertion yesterday he
was under the impression that the fact was precisely as
he had stated it ; but, having found it otherwise, he
thought it necessary to make the present explanation; for
he did not wish that any misconception concerning any-
thing which he had inadvertently stated should exist in
the minds of his fellow-citizons.—(Loud laughter.)
The ATTORNEY• GENEUAL then rose to resume his ad-
dress to the Court and Grand Jury. He said that on the
6th of August, 1843, a Repeal meeting had been held in
the town of Baltinglass, in the county of Wicklow. At
that meeting three of the traversers were present—
namely, Daniel O'Connell, Thomas Steele, and Dr.
Gray. The meeting was attended by an enormous
multitude, whose numbers were generally calculated
at one hundred and fifty thousand ; Mr.
O'Connell addressed the populace, and amongst
other observations, used words to the following effect:—
" And I am to be told that the Parliament which by
force and fraud was extorted from us, is never to re-
vive again, and that Ireland alone is to be condemned to
perpetual serfdom. I deny it. I call on you all to
deny it with me, and to give me your universal promise
that Ireland shall be a nation." Yes, he called on them
to give their universal pledge that Ireland should be
a nation—and this addressed to the unthinking popu-
lace—to a multitude of 150 thousand souls 1 At
a subsequent period of the same day Mr. O'Connell
made a second harangue, in which he used such expres-
sions as these —" If I want you again will you not be
ready at my 4 word ?—(Cries of Yes, to be sure we
will.') Let any man who is determined to meet me
again on a future occasion, when I shall require his
presence for a peaceable purpose, hold up his hand."
And the report then went on to state that thousands of
hands were upraised, amid loud demonstrations of ap-
plause ; and, therefore, Mr. O'Connell expressed a wish
that that cheer might rend the ears of Bog-trotting
Fenton,' that he might be taught to understand
what was the true state of popular feeling in Ire-
land." It was well now to inquire what was the effect
which had been produced upon the minds of those who
had listened to this exciting and most inflammatory
address, and eloquent evidence of this effect might be
gathered from the various results which fell from the
lips of several of the peasantry after the conclu-
sion of the speech. One man was heard to declare
"we are determined to get repeal, for we are all
sober now, and we will not be put down as we were
in '98." Another said, " Let us wait with patience
for a few months ; the time is nearer than you
think. Ireland was trampled on, but she shall be no
longer so." Others exclaimed that they would turn out
and die for repeal ; but they were afraid the sea-side
fellows would not stand to them, and that Father Lalor
told them it was too far gone now, and that they would
not get it without bloodshed. Some among the lower order
were heard to say, " that unless repeal was granted
there wouldn't be a blow of work done in Ireland, and that
the people would rise to a man." Others contradicted it,
by saying, that " the only way they wanted to get their
rights was by peace, but that if they did not, foreign
Powers would strike the blow." That was the way the
people of this country were instructed by those agitators,
who were destructive of its peace and prosperity—this
was the effect of those instructions and exhortations to
keep the peace—" The time is nearer than you think ;"
that accounts for the manner in which the remarks were
understood. "If I want you again, won't you be
ready at my word?" These were the expectations
of a future day, of receiving that intimation for
which they were prepared, when the organisation
was completed in every portion of Ireland—when
the Repeal Wardens had done their work, and every
part of the country was, in the language of Mr. Duffy,
ready for revolt. A dinner took place on the same
day at Baltinglass, at which three of the traversers,
Mr. O'Connell, Mr. Steele, and Doctor Gray were
present. Mr. O'Connell, on that occasion, said—" Re-
member, my motto is, whoever commits a crime gives
strength to the enemy ; that is the doctrine which
I have preached everywhere, and I will soon have
three millions of men to preach and practice it, and
no statesman that ever lived could resist a popula-
tion of that kind ; but we must persevere. I intend to
go on with these meetings until such time as every part
of Ireland shall have pronounced,' as they say in
Spain, or shall have declared its adhesion to our cause.
The revolution in Spain was brought about by the mili-
tary, and the tyrant Espartero was turned ,from power by
the spirit of the army and of the nation. The sergeants of
the Spanish army are a fine set of men, but those of the
British army are the finest, the bravest, the most intelli-
gent and trustworthy anywhere. In every other service
the sergeants aro made officers of, but in the British
service they have not yet learned to do that act of justice.
If our cause go on," that means if we get Repeal, " we
will do them that act of justice. The Government will
alter their plans, and appoint sergeants to commissions
for fear they would pronounce, and I give them
a truce to do so from this spot." He makes use of
that language calculated to inflame the non-
commissioned officers of the British army against
the Government ; to represent them as treated with
injustice, and to persuade them that that injustice
would be remedied and removed as the Repeal advanced ;
and they would find when he (the Attorney-Ge-
neral came to some publications just now, con-
nected with the British army, that it was part
of the object of these persons who are charged
with this conspiracy, of having organised the popula-
tion, to create discontent among the army, and
thereby render the Government powerless against
that organisation. In another part of his (Mr.
O'Connell's) address he stated—" I have thrown
it out more than once, and I now repeat, that a pre-
servative Association should be formed to preserve every-
thing that is worth preserving, and to obliterate every-
thing that ought to be obliterated. Every member
of that Association should find or produce 1001.; and I
will take care to provide against their being committed
to the meshes of the law, and that there shall be
no opportunity of indicting or prosecuting them. I
trust that before Christmas comes we will have
that Association sitting in Dublin, and drawing up
Bills, which they will call on the British Parliament
to approve of, and if they refuse to do se, then re-
spectfully calling on her Majesty to summon her
Parliament together in Ireland again." This was the
dictation used to the organised hundreds 'of thousands
who assembled. To call on the British Parliament to
pass those Bills which had gone through the Preserva-
tive Society, and if they did not obey that dictation
of the Preservative Society that they would call
on her Majesty and hand her over the sceptre of
this country on such terms as that Preservative Society
thought fit. He thought it would not be necessary
now to advert to anything that intervened between the
date he had last mentioned, the 6th of August, and the
12th of August, and, as he stated yesterday, he
had abstained a good deal from commenting on
the general state of organisation through the country,
and the effect of those multitudinous meetings, because
it would be more closely pointed out in the language of
one of the traversers. He should now beg to call their
attention to a very important publication by Mr. Duffy,
in the Nation of the 12th of August, six days after the
meeting at Baltinglass, and he thought they would
find that publication of importance, as throwing light
upon the objects of those engaged in the conspiracy for
which they were now indicted. The article was headed,
" The March of Nationality," and was as follows:
" How beautiful our country is ! How full of cautious
energy. How sure a hope lies under her anxiety. How
fiercely she springs upon what 'tis right to strike. IIo!v
temperately she avoids all needless bye battles. And, tis
beautiful—lovely, with that piercing beauty that pains the
heart which worships—to see her calming down, and
soothing, and repressing her hungry and bruised children,
while she prepares for them retributive and relief. her
brow is pale—most pale ; and well that peaceful mien be-
comes her. Oh ! 'tis well to see her preparing for the
strife without rude boasting or hot noise. It becomes the
heiress of suffering centuries. It becomes a memory laden
with a thousand transient glories and baffled hopes. It
were unseemly in her, for whom an army of unrevenged
martyrs garrisons her soil ; it were unseemly in her,
whose children feel such pangs and woe ; and most un-
wise and unbecoming would it be for her, with so trying
and so vast a contest before her, to wear one rude or
reckless look.

" Let us see what has been done, and what remains.
What were we a year ago ? The squabbling and
impotent serfs of England. Here a master mind,
and there a heart prophetic with enthusiasm, foresaw the
time when a people, owning all that gives the power to
be a nation, would scorn to serve. They foretold that
eight millions—with all that enforces independence upon
man, with the oldest and most varied history is Europe,

That was not his (the Attorney-General's) language--it
was the language of one of the accused parties, " that the
absence of riot, or vice, made those meetings a strange and
formidable event." It was true, that at those meetings
Mr. O'Connell preached peace ; it was true that he wished
the meetings to obey his injunctions to disperse peaceably s
every person must rejoice that his injunctions were
obeyed, that they had up to this time been saved the
misery that would result if the active course was
taken by the people; but the absence of riot, or the
commission of actual violence, however they rejoiced
at it, did not take away the illegality of those
meetings, because the intention was to organise
the country throughout, that they should be peaceable
until the organisation was complete ; but still at the
time those meetings took place, that very absence from
riot, in the words of Mr. Duffy, made each of those
meetings a " strange and formidable event."
" There was a time when such meetings might have been
plausibly resisted by our despots, and the country forced into
a premature contest. Now there is no such danger.
" The meetings have been held, and no single event has
occurred to furnish the worst Minister with an excuse for pre-
venting their repitition.
" The stopping of them might hazard public peace—not en
the instant, for the people know their policy too well for that ;
but such oppression might ultimately produce war.
" The continuance of therm has caused no offence—the repe-
tition of them prevents crime, by giving the people hope from
a higher source than parish law, and surer justice than revenge.
No power dare interfere with those meetings now.
" If the repeal organisation,: by general, provincial, and
baronial inspectors, by wardens and collectors, by volunteers,
members, and associates, have any efficiency is it, it will now
have a fair trial. A fey inferior machinery, though checked
and hampered, carried emancipation. The present organisa-
tion will be extended to every parish in Ireland, and perfected
in every parish. The whole nation will be arrayed under that
system. There is a full purpose in the mind of the repeal
leaders net to resist until it is carried out. The people will
gradually, but surely, be arranged, classed, organised, and
bound together. Subordination of ranks, community of
thought, obedience to orders from trust in these who command,
constant activity in teaching and learning the means of libera-
tion, are rapidly becoming general.
Nor will the organisation stop at arraying the people in
their parishes, aid massing them all under mile will ; rt will
every day extend its operations. It has resources in it to ad-
vance as well as to maintain itself. Even now a step lately
taken is about to be carried into active operation.
Arbitrators will be appointed in every barony. If they
should, as we are sure they will, be men of education and
pure character, all disputes will be referred to them, and
their decisions will be obeyed more exactly than any jadges in
the land.

" Their's will be an honourable and koly office—tile unpaid
and chosen dispensers of justice. The people will reap an in-
stant benefit from this costless, simple, and kindly administra-
tion of justice. Patriotism will make their jurisdiction uni-
versal, and public opinion will so sanction their decrees, that
no man will disobey them. But woe to him who disabuses
this office by negligence or partiality—woe to him who sullies
this popular ermine by partiality—and curses upon the man
what, from ►igotry, friendship, or vanity, helps to place such a
power, for good or ill, in the hands of an uneducated, weak,
or ♦icious man I

" How soon the three hundred trustees of the Irish Fund
will come to Dublin we need not now anticipate. Sufi!lee it,
they will come, and we fancy their advises will pass for law
with the people.
" Ireland is changing into a nation."
This Preservative Society was thus to usurp the functions of
the Legislature—they were to send over their Bills to the
United Parliament, with directions that they shall receive
their sanction—in the meantime, they were to pan laws for the
Irish people, and if the United Parliament did not give their
sanction, then her Majesty was to be commanded to issue writs
ummoning the Parliament in Ireland, which Parliament was
to consist of those three hundred members of the Preservative
Society, who were not to be returned to the first Irish Parlia-
ment, if they did not discharge their duties satisfactorily to the
country. The article went on to say—
" She is obtaining all the machinery of one—public opinion,
order, taxation, justice, legislation. What will be wanting when
the work is done, but to call her what she then will be—a nation ?
" When Grattan walked into the Commons in his Volunteer
uniform, arid proposed liberty, he had less power at his hack
than O'Connell will then have, or, indeed, has now. He had
the armed and clothed, but untrained Volunteers, and he suc-
ceeded. He had none of the machinery of a government in hie
hands, and his thousands in bright array had no elements of
success but courage and arms.
We are better off now—we will before another year be in-
Bnitely stronger.
" We have an organization well understood by the people,
and applicable to any national exigency ; we have an inde-
structible tie binding the highest and the lowest (or a common
end; we have many even of the accessories of national pomp—
our bands, for instance ; we have education, temperance, and
patient resolve ; we will, when our system is finished, have the
form as well as the bulk of a nation—who, then, will dare to
question our independence ?
" We need not again refer to the state of our foreign policy.
That policy has grown up without the tricks of diplomacy
from the sympathy felt for our sufferings, our virtues, and our
in
terest
Europe and it has been confirmed by the obvious
Europe and America have in the freedom of Ireland. The
declaration of disciplined masses in. America, that, if lawless
force were to come upon Ireland, their sword would mix in the
fray ; and the well-understood will of the finest spirits and
most patent citizens of France, not to let us contend alone, are
full of warning to England.
" But their first service is to diminish the likelihood of a
contest.

" lie will be a bold Minister who believes that the profes-
sions of France and America are not idle boasts, aad yet draws
his sword against Ireland. We have some chance now, not-
withstanding the hot words of the fallen Henry Brougham,
that we will be allowed to work out our liberties unrestricted.
This chance is in part owing to our foreign relations.
" Nor is England combined against us. Her people groan
under the sway that ruins us. The successors of the Norman
aristocracy still monopolise their land and harrass their indus-
try ; and they begin to murmur that they will not legislate nor
fight against us.
4, But, again, we tell Ireland she must free herself by her
own might. We have much to do. After all that has been
done, we are only at the gate of the temple. Ere we reach
the altar we must overcome many a foe, and correct many a
vice; and we must bear, and battle, and be steadfast.
4' The organisation must not only be carried everywhere, but
it must be revised everywhere. If the repeal wardens of any
district do not see that the organisation, division, and training
of all the Repealers in their district is perfect—if they are
not sure that the people are qualified, by simplicity and com-
pleteness of organization, by self-denying obedience, by know.
ledge of all a citizen's duties, by courage and habitual order,
to take their place among the men of a free nation—these
wardens have not finished their duty—that district is not ready
for liberty.
" The Protestants must be won. They have co interest
different from that of the Catholics. The riches and glory
of Ireland would be their's in perhaps a larger proportion. It
is sheer folly to suppose they can continue to sacrifice interest,
patriotism, charity, aid happiness, to the wretched dreams of
an ascendancy, which England will as little tolerate as Ireland.
Bigotry, or neglect, or fretfulness, can alone prevent them
from accepting the blessings offered them. It treated as they
ought to bo—if treated as they have a right to be—they will
all take post in the ranks of the Council of the nation.
" Organised and united we will be free."
That was the statement made by one of the defendants of the
state of the country at that time, of the effects. of the organi.
sation, and the objects of the persons planning and carrying
out that organisation. Ho would call the attention of the
jury to the next meeting which took place, and which was
held on the 15th of August last. There were two meet-
ings held in a few days after that publication—the first
in Clontibrot, in the county of Monaghan, at which one
of the defendants was present, and spoke. The second, and
perhaps the most remarkable of all the meetings, took
place on the 15th of August, and was called the " Great
, Para Demonstration." There were present at the meeting
Mr. O'Connell, Mr. John O'Connell, the Rev. Mr. Tyrrell
(now no more), Mr. Steele, and Dr. Gray. The locality of
Tara was well known, and was selected for two purposes to
hold the meeting there. It was selected oa two guounds—
first, it was the place where the ancient monarchs of Ireland
were elected and crowned ; and, second, it was the scene of a
battle which took place in 1793, when those engaged in the
insurrection were defeated. Immense numbers attended at
that meeting, and the highest calculation that was made of the
numbers who attended was one million of people, and the
lowest at one hundred thousand. He did not believe there
was a million of people present on that occasion, but he cared
not as to the difference in numbers ; but let them look at a
meeting composed of one hundred thousand persons, and was it
not sufficient to terrify any peaceably inclined person ? and the
spot selected was done so in order to exasperate the minds of
the people who were collected at the scene of the defeat of
rye. Hundreds of persons who assembled at Tara were to
be seen on their knees, on the graves where the remains of the
people who fell there were interred ; and people were seen
with a red and green leaf, which was emblematic of the super-
stition of the people of this country, planting it on the graves
of the dead. This scene was selected for these reasons, and
was calculated to exasperate the feelings, and call up the re-
collections of the past time. There could be no mistake about
the selection of this place for a monster meetin as it was
clear for what object it was held. At that great Mara demon-
stration Mr. O'Connell was present, and addressed the people
in these terms :

" Yes, the overwhelming majesty of your multitudes will be
taken to England, and will have its effect there. The Duke
of Wellington began by threatening us. He talked of civil
war, but he does not say a single word of that now. He is
now getting evelet.holes made in the old barracks; and only
think of an old general doing such a thing, just as if wel wd e
tr
going to break our heads against stone walls.
find that a great quantity of brandy and biscuit hmasl
lat-
terly imported, and I hope the poor soldiers got so
f attacking us
But the Duke of Wellington is now talking, 9
no disrol
and lam glad of it; but I tell him this, eaVoefffhaem
army, an
diers that compose the Queen's
world,a and there-
foreioe of
rni
do not mean to disparage them at all ; but I feel it to 100
a fact that Jreland, roused as she is at the present moment.
would, if they made war upon us, furnish women enough to
beat the entire of the Queen's forces.
cAoliattddheeti fightEstnin
i
Ire-
land, when ah© mit betrayed by h

nonr—but, oh, English honour will never again betray our land,
f the man would deserve to be betrayed who would again con-
fide in England. I would as soon think of confiding inthe cousin-
german of a certain personage having two horns and a hoof—
at that last battle the Irish soldiers, after three days' fighting,
being .attacked by fresh troops, faltered and gave way, and one
thousand five hundred of the British army entered the breach.
The Irish soldiers were fainting and retiring, when the women
of Limerick threw themselves between the contending forces,
and actually stayed the progress of the advancing enemy."
The traverser (Mr. O'Connell) then rent on to say, " See
how we have accumulated the people of Ireland for this Repeal
year. When on the 2d of January I ventured to call it the
Repeal year, every person laughed at me. Are they laughing
now ?. It is our, turn to laugh at present. Before twelve
months more,the Parliament will be in College Green. I
said the Union did not take away from the people their legal
rights. I told you that the Union did not deprive the people
of that right, or take away the authority to have self-legisla-
t ion. It has not lessened the prerogatives of the Crown, or
taken away the rights of the Sovereign, and amongst them is
the right to call her Parliament whenever the people are en-
titled to have it in Ireland.
" And the Queen has only to-morrow to issue her writs and
get the Chancellor to seal them, and if Sir Edward Sugden
does not sign- them she will soon get an Irishman that will to
revive the Midi Parliament. The towns which sold their birth-
rights have no right to be reckoned amongst the towns send-
ing Members to Parliament. King James the First in one day
created forty boroughs in Ireland, and the Queen has the same
right as her predecessor to do so. We have a list of the towns
to return Members ; the counties, as a matter of course, will
return them according to their population ; and the Queen has
only to order writs to issue and to have honest Ministers to advise
her to issue those writs, and the Irish Parliament is revived
by its own energy and the force of the Sovereign's prero-
gative'. I will only require the Queen to exercise her prero-
gative, and the Irish people will obtain their nationality again.
It at the present moment the Irish Parliament was in
existence, even as it was in 1500—is there a coward amongst
you—is there a wretch amongst you so despicable, that would
not die rather than allow the Union to pass ? Let every man
who.-if we tied an Irish Parliament, would rather die than allow
the Union to pass lift up his hands. Yes, the Queen will call
that Parliament. You may say, it is the act of her Minis-
try, if you please. To be sure, it would be the act of her
Ministry, and the people of Ireland are entitled to have
their friends appointed to the Ministry. The Irish Parlia-
ment wig then assemble, and I defy all the generals, old and
young, and all the old women in pantaloons—nay, I defy all
the chivalry of the earth to take away that Parliament from
us again." " Give me three millions of Repealers, and I
will soon have them ; the next step is being taken ; and I an-
nounce to you from this spot, that all the magistrates that
have been deprived of the commission of the peace, shall be
appointed by the Association to settle all the disputes and dif-
ferences in Illieir_neighbourhood. Keep out of the Petty
Sessions Court, and go to them. On Monday next we will
submit a plan to choose persons to be Arbitrators to settle
the differences of the people without expense ; and I call upon
every man who wishes to be thought the friend of Ireland to
have his disputes settled by the Arbitrators, and not again go
to the petty sessions. We shall shortly have the Preservative
Society to arrange the means of procuring from her Majesty
the exercis?of her prerogative; and I believe lam able to
announce to you that twelve months cannot possibly elapse
without having an hurra for our Parliament in College-green.
Remember, pronounce the Union to be null—to be obeyed
as an injustice must be obeyed, when it is supported by law,
until we have the Royal authority to set the matter right and
substitute our own, Parliament." •

Obs'rve the statement of Mr. O'Connell, that the magis-
trates.dopriveti of their commission by the Crown, in the exer-
cise of its prerogative, should be appointed by the Association
as Judges of the-Arbitration Courts. But he stated with con-
fidencei—and he was' confirmed in his opinion by the dictum
pronounced by the Judge who addressed the grand jury, and
said, " That, under whatever pretence these Arbitration Courts
were appointed, it was an illegal attempt to deprive the Crown
of its power to appoint magistrates for the people"—these
courts usurped the privilege of the Crown ; they issued sum-
monses for the parties, and got them to sign a consent to abide
by their award. But that subtle device does not remove the
illegality, or prevent their conduct from•being plainly stamped
as an usurpation of the Crown's prerogative. The gentlemen
of the jury should remark the time when these arbitrators were
appointed, and the class of men as magistrates dismissed by the
Crown by virtue of its prerogative. • At the dinner, at Tara,
Dr. Gray:addressed the assembly. and said—
" In one thing only was he compelled to differ from the
observations which tad fallen from their respected chairman.
In giving the toast he stated that the press was of no politics,
and he wished to correct the error by declaring on the be-
half of the national press of Ireland, that the• members of it
were politicians in the strongest sense of the word. He had
himself the honour of being among them that evening as
guest ; but he felt that wherever he was, he was an Irish-
man, and as an Irishman he was ready to strike out boldly for
the political liberty of his country. she Repeal press was a
political press, but its politics were the politics of Ireland ; and
steadily adhering to the coarse it had adopted, it would never
deviate to the right hand or to the left until the people of that
country were relieved from Saxon tyranny and oligarchic domi-
nation. He believed he would beat evince the high sense he en-
tertained of thecompliment he paid the press gang by being
brief, and allowing them to gang home, that they might send
their broad sheets through the length and breadth of the land,
and not of this land only, but to the alien isle hard by that so
jealously watched the proceedings of that day. Every eye was
fixed upon the Council that day at Tara, and eagerly
yoked to its resolves.— Was. it not a national Council in the
most extended meaning of the phrase ? Had they not at their .
head the. monarffn of the Irish heart—had they not at their
head the spirittrat peers of the realm—did not the lay peers aid
by their counsel ? They had there, too, the clergy of the land,
and the"constitutional representatives of the-people, aye, and
the people themselves in their. multitudinous thousands had
that day' assembled, within ; the. precincts of the . an&ent
Council-hall of Tars, taken counsel together and issued
their proclamation, and that proclamation was no compro-
mise. As he that. day strayed over the ruins of past glory, he
chanced to walk over the graves of the patriots of what he
might Call their own day. He could not, find 'words to give
expression to the emotions he felt as he contemplated- their -
sad tate. A mournful chill came upon. him, when he looked
upon his resting-place and saw in their end. the dark history
of the past;` but-that chill passed away and hope revived, when..
he saw that upon their graves the stone of destiny stood erect.
For centuries had that mysterious relic lain prostrate as the
land whose destiny its fall symbolised ; but now he saw it erect
again; and on Tara's hill, and over the patriots' grave. He felt
that the blood of the last martyr had been shed, and that Ire
land herself would soon assume the upright position, and ex-
hibit the-dignity of a nation. But he is no statesman who
does not recollect the might that slumbers in a peasant's arm,
and when you multiply that might by vulgar arithmetic to the
extent'of six or seven hundred thousand, is the man a states-
man or driveller who expects that might will always slumber
amidst grievances and continued oppression ?" The Right
Hon. Gentleman then read an extract from a speech of. Mr.
O'Connell, in which the following passage occurs, in reference
to the gentry of Ireland :—" Why, then, do they not join us?
Is it not their interest to join us ? What are they afraid of ?
It cannot be of the people, for they are under the strictest dis-
cipline. I am eversotfe of them myself, and no general ever
had an army 'more submissive to his command than the people
of Ireland'are to the Wi. hes of a single individual." He
thought that submission of considerable importance under the
circumstances, because if that submission arose from the in-
fluence of any individual, if it was in the power of any indivi-
dual to direct these congregated thousands not to violate the
peace, and separate without disturbance, at the will of that
individual,- -he thought it was important, because that
individual had the power of giving different orders, which would
be equally implicitly obeyed. " When I want you I know I
can get you. And the comment on this is, the sooner the
better. r However, to keep the peace was the present advice of
M,. O'Connell, and the meetings terminated peacefully ; but
it evinced his power to use large bodies of people at will, and
although ma violence took place, this was a power most formid-
able. 'the Attorney-General next referred to the meeting 'at
Roscommon, held en the 20th August—that meeting was at- •
tended by Messrs.. O'Connell, Steele, and Barrett—they went
together to the meeting. Mr. O'Connell addressed the meet-
ing at Roscommon. He said, amongst other things, the Irish
people are too great to remain slaves any longer ; he com-
mented or) the advance of the Irish in temperance ; that the
Irish would not expend their strength in riot ; that temper-
ance was the foundation stone of Ireland's tranquillity. Mr.
O'Connell called on the people of Ireland to keep their pledge.
At the dinner which ensued, Mr. O'Connell said that of all the
meetings which had taken place, the meeting of that das was
the one most calculated to stimulate the elections, to strike their
enemies ..with. the greatest terror, and give their friends the
greatest confidence.. • He (Attorney- General) contended these
meetings *wereein truth -deeply calculated to strike) terror into
theinindsatf all whoin this country were the friends of British con-
nexion:: There wasa meeting of the Association on the22d of
August, at which Messrs. O'Connell, John O'Connell, Steele,
Dr. Gray, and Mr. Barrett attended. The object of this
meeting was, that Mr. O'Connell might submit a plan for the
restoration of the Irish Parliament. He (Mr. O'Connell) lelt
it his duty to protest, in the face of heaven,
He
the congre-
gated-multitude,- that there was no Union. He read the third
resolution—the people of Ireland do firmly insist upon the re-
storation of the Irish House of Commons, consisting of 300
representatives of the Irish people, and claim, in the presence
of their Creator, the right of the people of Ireland to seek re-
storation. Mr. O'Connell submitted the Act of Union was
binding as a law, but having been obtained by fraud was not
obligatory in conscience. If it was binding in law, he did not
understand how it was not binding in conscience ; but we
are told that resistance to that measure was a duty in the
abstract, and the exhibition of that resistance was merely a
question of time. Then the plan with regard to the representa-
tion of the counties and towns was detailed, and after providing
that there should be household suffrage and vote by ballot, it
was stated that the king or regent de facto in England,,should
be king or renuknrejore in, Ireland.• After, having provided
that the contexien bessesem Great Britain and Ireland should
be.perpetuated, by the Growls, it.-concluded by stating that it
should tie carried..into effect according., to law and recognised
constitutional principle—that was, inian.-the ,Crown dispensing
with the provisions of an Act of Parliament, and directing the
issuing of writs for the assembling of Ito Irish. Parliament. But
it was not by saying that a thing was to be done according to
law that it was so, and he. contended, under the correction of
the dourt, that the Crown did not possess the power of dis-
pensing with an Act of Parliament, and could not issue writs
to summon an Irish Parliament. On the 23d day of August a
meeting took place at the Association, at which Mr. O'Con-
nell, Mr. Barrett, Mr. Ray, Mr. John O'Connell, Mr. Steele,
and Dr. Gray attended. The jury would recollect the language
he read from the• Nation of. the 12th of August, that Ireland
wag again about to be a nation, that she had obtained all the
machinery of public order, taxation, justice, and legislation.
This:was. in reference to the Arbitration Courts; and he would
now state what Dr. Gray .said.at that meeting of the 23d of
August, in detailing the. planer- the. Arbitration
vrere established, becamist,theown Cr ,exercised its prerogative
- Courts Which
in depriving certanereapastritesaat the co
who thou g ht. fit to :....attends. them- in-mission of the. eace
After alluding to a reference,mbielf-
u ta uintoos meetings. t
he said was made to
him by Mr. O'Connell, and to the confidence
said that th bestowed by
the people on their leaders, be,
Aswiactr who
~ were ap..
pointed "had the sanction of. the He then
alluded, to the labours of: he :Committee_ drawingin,l9e.
Report, which .at this , state • of the proceedin up the
trouble thetn.by reading. It will ,be apart ofg.Zee would
,d not
the .course, of the trial ; . but it was clear from Dr. Gray's in
ob-
servations; that the Association sanctioned the appointment 3 of
those arbitrators. He would now call the attention of the
jury to a publication in the Nation of the 26th of August. a
onion of the repeal press, to which he hademore than once al-
luded, anti which was widely circulated by the Association. The
article he alluded to was called, " The Crisis is upon Us," and
alter alluding to a declaration made by Mr. Saurin, "that
resistance was a question of . time and . prudence, and
would become a duty whenever strength and opportunity
might concur in justifying the.effort for its abrogation," it
went on to say, "a greater than .Saurin had, at length given
forth • the . irrevocable voice--;resistance to the ..Union has
become a duty." Before reading the entire article
,he
would remark, that the observation madeby . Mr.
Saurin was
made before the Union became law, which was a very
different thing when spoken after it became law. There was
no *All whatever between an observation made with a_ view,
of opposing a measure before it bec
• ame law, and an observation
made when- that Act became the law of the land. A man was
justified in stating the grounds of his objection to a measure
which be believed would prove injurious to the best interests of
country, in- language stronger than would be permitted
w ken that measure received the sanction of the Legislature, j

and became thereby the law of the land. He ha/ a high
opinion of the authority due to the words of Mr. Saurin; and
he was sure that Mr. Saurin would be the last person to say
that resistance to a measure became a duty when it was once
made the law of the land. The authority of that man was
no,v made use of to mislead the people amongst whom
this paper was circulated, while it was knnwn that after
the Union became law he never uttered a syllable,
to show that he never recommended any violation
of what had once received the sanction of Parliament.
He would now read the article in the Nation newspaper to
which he had alluded. It was this :—" THE CRISIS IS
unix us.—Our union with England was •not merely an un-
just and iniquitous, but an illegal and invalid act. The
natural rights of the people were trampled down, in utter
disregard of the forms and spirit of the Constitution. The
statesman's wisdom and the lawyer's learning, lent authority
to the instructive repudiation of the patriot. Saurin, amongst
others, declared that resistance was a question of time and
prudence, and would become a duty whenever strength and
opportunity might concur in justifying the effort for its abro-
gation. A greater than Saurin has at length given forth the
irrevocable voice—resistance to the union has become a duty.
This, the forty-third year of the provincial degradation, may,
if the people have worth and energy, become the first of re-
stored independence, The knot, which had baffled every attempt
to unravel its complications, has been severed with one final
decisive blow, struck with the sword of peace consecrated on
the height of Tara. There is a way, if there exists a will,
for the liberation of Ireland—for the re-construction of her
Legislature. The case between the people and her leader stands
thus .—ln a season of apparent apathy to the high and holy
impulses, of nationality—when cicatrizatien seemed superin-
duced by Whig palliatives, and the wound inflicted on our Irish
pride and honour no longer gaped and bled—O'Connell tore
asunder the bandages adrevealed to Ireland the exact seat and
true character of her social and political disease. He cast to the
winds the soothing system, and aroused his countrymen from
the delirious repose produced by dependence on the sympathies
of foreign faction. The memories of the past, blending glorious
traditions of remote days with recollections of modern 'B2,
were appealed to, the necessities of the present time were
bared to view in their appalling reality, the hopes of the future
were invoked, until by every varied argument addressed to their
judgment and their feelings—their own firesides—the tombs of
their fathers—the cradles of their children—he so wrought upon
the millions that then answered his invitation to come forth
from bondage with the unanimity of one man. It seemed as if
the time had come to evoke the slumbering might of
that Irish army which the legend tells us was doomed
to sleep entranced in panoplied array, until aroused by
some potent spell for the expulsion of foreign tyrants. So
sudden, so enthusiastic, so resistless was the response of the
Irish mind to the call of the Irish leader ! Meeting was held
after meeting, exceeding its predecessor in •numbers, and all;
without exception, challenging respect for the demeanour of the
masses who attended. Evidence was piled on evidence of a
national will, combined with a national morality and intelli-
gence, universal throughout every county
‘in Ireland. The
million shout of Tara completed the proof, and flung back the
responsibility again upon the leaders ! Yes ! the people had
sufficiently shown their willingness and worthiness to be led,
by a thousandproofs of their devotion to the cause and of fidelity
to their leaders. Whither and when ? began to be asked, ere
the echoes of Tara had died upon the public ear. The leaders
have answered, and the responsibility is again upon the people.
The Rubicon has been crossed by the promulgation of a plan
for the reconstruction of an Irish legislature. For weal or
for woe—for ages of bondage or centuries of independence—
we stand committed. Forward and prompt action is sure of
its reward, in speedy and glorious triumph—the
criminal abandonment of opportunity is equally certain
to be avenged in the perpetuation of misrule. In
the making or marring of our own fortunes, we involve to an
incalculable extent the hopes of the whole human family. We
have gloried in the irresistible effieacy of a new element in po-
litical warfare which we boast to have invented, and by whose
employment we have already won many outposts. W ill the
principle or the men fail now in this last decisive struggle ?
Shall the nation who have given us their admiration, and sym-
pathy, and trust, mock at us for braggarts?—our children's
children curse our memories as they spit on our dishonoured
clay ? The world looks to our country for an example. Ire-
land must oecome a nation now, or continue a province for
ever. We purposely postpone critical details of the plans sub-
mitted under the sanction of O'Connell's name, and with the
authority of the Association—contenting ourselves to admire—
and inviting our countrymen to admire with us—the symmetry
of the temple of freedom raised for their reception. The
portals stand open—the genius of 'B2 has consecrated the
edifice—there may be a bench removed with advantage, or
an alteration of internal arrangement with convenience;
but the exigency of the hour is to secure the possesson
and appropriate the structure to the sacred uses of self-legis-
lation. 'I he number of representatives who will occupy seats
in the future Irish House of Com ns, happens to coincirte
with that determined upon as.- the st eligible limit for the
intended Preservative Sotriek." d ' able for many reasons
that the distribution elmasefresentation s uld be the same, so
that the transitionially be easy and natu 1 to the recognised
and technicaly legal condition of a Parliament. The chosen
trustees of the peoples' money now, will have the first claim
upon their votes hereafter: Much inconvenience will be pre-
vented by iimiting the number strictly according to the schedule
submitted to the nation in the plan of the Association. Con-
stituencies—as they will be—districts as they are—having
' greater enthusiasm in the cause, or enabled to contribute more
liberally to the qualifying fund than others, can transfer to less
fortunate localities their surplus-of ability-and pecuniary weight
with advantage and honour to both parties."
On the 4th of September, a meeting took place at the Re-
peal Association, at which there were present Mr. O'Connell,
Mr. J. O'Connell, Mr. Steele, and-Dr. Gray. At that meet-
ing subscriptions .were handed in from places abroad. They
were, 501. from Philadelphia, transmitted by Judge Doran ;
581. from Boston ; from the State of Maine, thirty dollars ; and
from Albany, New York, twenty-two pounds. Those were
the foreign subscriptions, which having been acknowledged,
Mr. O'Connell read a letter from :the parties who enclosed
them, and then proceeded to address the Association, when,
among other matters, he stated that the meeting at Clontarf
would take place on the ,Bth of October, and _that the .chair
would be taken on•the mound that covered the bodies of the
Danes. Mr. O'Connell then went on to call the attention
of the Association to what he called the prospect of the success
of the Repeal questions, and on that occasion he said that
the speech from the Throne, instead of throwing a damper
on the wide ardour of the Irish people, as it was intended to
do, was well calculated to produce the opposite effect.
Before, however, he-proceeded to the meeting of the 4th of
September, there was a previous meeting, to which he had
intended to call their attention, but it had escaped his memory,
and he would now, with their permission, refer to it. It was
a meeting of.the 28th of August. He would also first refer to
the speech from the Throne at the close of the last session of
Parliament. Her Majesty in that speech stated, in reference
to the repeal agitation, " that she observed with the deepest
concern the attempts that were made to stir up discontent
among her subjects in Ireland ; that the Crown had ever been,
and was, desirous to administer the government of that coun-
try with impartiality, and to aniend the laws and the social con-
dition of the people, and develope the resources of the country.
The Royal speech then went on to state the determination of the
Crown, supported by both Houses of ParliaMent, to maintain
the Legislative t nion inviolate between the two countries. Her
Majesty's speech arrived in Dublin on the 28th of August, on
which day there was a meeting of the Repeal Association.
At that meeting there were present, Sir. O'Connell, Mr. John
O'Connell, Mr. Ray, Mr. Steele, Mr. Barrett, and Doctor
Gray, and it was then stated that the arbitration forms were
being made up. An adjourned meeting took place on the day
following, that was on the 29th of August. The same per-
sons as those mentioned as having attended at the preceding
meeting were present, except Mr. Barrett. Upon that 29th
of August Mr. O'Connell gave notice of the issuing of what he
(the -Attorney-General) should call a counter manifesto to
the Queen's speech. 'lint was to be an address to the sub-
jects of the British Crown in every part of the dominions of
her Majesty. That was within three days of the delivery
of her Majesty's speech from the throne. At that meeting
Mr. O'Connell said, among other matters, that his next
topic related to his plan for the restoration of the Irish Parlia-
ment. The plan he recommended was the preparation of an
address, or manifesto, to be submitted to the Committee,' and,
if approved, issued and addressed to all their fellow-subjects
every part of the universe who were obedient to the Bri-
tish Throne. That address was to state the details of the
grievances under which the people of Ireland laboured, to
prove to the world that they were not discontented without
cause. In the same speech he said they were accused of
being disaffected. He denied the charge—" it was as
false as hell." He asserted (referring to the speech from
the Throne) that they made a distinction between the
Sovereign on the throne and the Minister acting for
her, arid responsible for the advice he gave her. He
should have further occasion to direct their attention to
this document so prepared by Mr. O'Connell, and adopted
by the Association. He.had now to state to them, and to
call their attention to a publication in the Pilot newspaper
of the 28th of August. The progress of the conspiracy had
been carried on. to this extent by every means that suggested
themselves to' the minds of those engaged in it. Every
means had been used to excite discontent and dissatisfaction
in the minds of the psopie of this country. They had been
roused into feelings of anger against those who were called
their " Saxon foes." The people had been taught their own
strength—they had been brought together from great distances
in thousands—they had been taught to know the reliance they
might place in themselves. This conspiracy had been thus
carried on to a certain extent. But still there was a great dif-
ficulty which stood in the way of the full accomplishment of the
designs of those who were engaged in it. That difficulty was
thi.—if the army was to be depended upon, there could he no
possibility of successfully carrying oat these designs. They had
already heard of several speeches in which Mr. O'Connell had
endeavoured to excite dissatisfaction among the non-commis-
sioned officers of the army, by drawing a parallel between the
course adopted towards them in the English army, and that
pursued towards the non-commissioned officers in foreign ser-
vices. He had done nothing new in this ; the same attempts
to excite disaffection in the army-had been made at former
periods of their history. In this, as in so many other of
his proceeding:, Mr. O'Connell had acted on the precedent
given by the proceedings of the Rebellion of 1798. It was
part of the system of 1797 ; it wasprecisely the same in its view
and objects ; the same attempts were made upon the -army of
that day. Ia the -report of the Committee of Secrecy, ap-
pointed by the' House of Commons, which he had referred to
on a former occasion, it was stated that while these designs
were nurturing in secret, and acquiring strength and consis-
tency, no device was omisted by which they might hope to
embarrass the Government of the country. Early in 1792, the
seduction of the soldiers was made part of the system. Ima-
gining that the season had arrived for the accomplishment of
their designs, no means were left unemployed for this purpose ;
printed papers were circulated among them, exciting their
minds, and holding out offers of preferment to such of them as
might desert their colours. He must now call their attention
to the publication he had' mentioned, the Pitot of the 28th of
August. It was entitled—" The Duty of a Soldier." The
article was long, and he should read a portion, or the whole of
it, if necessary. The Attorney-General then read from the
article, it was in the form of a letter, signed Richard
Power, P.P.:—
" There are at this instant more men in Ireland who under-
stand their just rights, and who are conscious of their power,of
asserting them, than ever existed in any nation even of five
times its population. There are three millions of as brave men
as ever trod the grass, united as one, a sufficient number-to
conquer Europe, ready at a signal, and determined to die, or
have full and ample justice; and yet I don't fear to assort it
there is not one man amongst them who hopes to obtain one
shilling's worth of any man's property, or who intends to do the
slightest personal injury to any human being,.by joining in
the great national revolu'ion upon which they are now unal-
terably determined. This is the highest degree of political
.training to
,which a nation ever yet was brought. It is a con-
dition of society which no one ever imagined until the great
mapostle .
fotfpee
world.aceful
Taghiitsa,tai agitation exhibited it
all, is not
‘leprivtio the
depriving
Stthoineifsho-f
hia-physical forces but creating :an - overwhelming- force which'
• he dare not encounter, constructed, h
principle that- no other thief can use iotweiLera,nupmoanting. such
prin-
a.
ciple being justice, peace if possible—but, peace or war,
ilumstince..t
There is one class of persons whom Mr. O'Connell:
taken--Mto his school in his lectures Open_ political rights and
duties, but who have it seems profited, notwithstanding, to
some extent by his peacefulsdoctrines=l mean the military.
Mr. O'Connell_ is the best abused man in the world—his mo-
tives are misconstrued, his objects misrepresented, his cha-
racter maligned, his person insulted, and his religion held up
to seorns--:his course must be cautious. If he touched upon
this subject, he would be cried up at once as an open rebel.

It would be said that he wanted to corrupt the soldiery, and
withdraw them from their duty. It would be put down as an act
of high treason. It was, therefore, consummatewisdom on his
part never even to have alluded to it. His system cannot be per-
fect, it will not embrace every class through whoSe agency an
oppressed and plundered people can create for themselves a
wise, just, and impartial Government, without bloodshed,
rapine, or any species of crime, unless the soldiery are in-
structed in their conscientious duties. The very life and soul
of a soldier's profession is to die for his duty ; let the brave
soldier, therefore, know his duty, and he will die to perform it,
but as he every day of his life dares death be will die before he
would exceed it. My present purpose is to explain as clearly
as I can what that duty is. I cannot be suspected of corrupt-
ing the soldiery or bringing them over to second tiny views of
my own. I can have no political object, no ambitious projects.
I took the oath of allegiance, and I shall adhere to it to my
death, and my position in society is immoveably fixed. I can,
therefore, have no object hut to state the truth, as truth and
justice mast ever go hand in hand, to make the statement of
the true doctrine on this point subservient to universal justice
as far as it may. 1 do not presume to be an authority
on this most grave and important subject, but stating
thus publicly what I conce ve to be in the true doc-
trine regarding it, .I am open to correction. 1 call upon
my fellow-clergymen, whose duty it is to be accurately
informed on it, and to communicate that information to all
whom it may concern, to set me and the public right when I
may have erred. lam stye many of them will be found to do
so when Igo wrong. A soldier is a person who hires himself
to a Government for the purpose of slaying his fellow-men.
He does not carry destructive weapons for the purpose
of hunting down wild beasts, or butchering sheep or
oxen. No ; expressly and distinctly it is to kill his own
fellow-creatures. Viewed solely in this light, every feeling
of our nature recoils with horror from the profession of a
soldier ; and yet the true soldier is a manly, generous, and
noble fellow. His duty and his object it is true is, to slay
his fellow-man ; but then he is no cut-throat or Orangeman.
He would sooner be the victim of either than stain his high
character with the crime of the one or the infamy of the other.
He is not the ready tcol of a bloody minded tyrant, who
would employ him to cut down the unarmed and defenceless.
He would sooner stand to be shot at than he converted into a
murdering man-butcher by any such horrible miscreant. It
has been reported of a certain officer now stationed in Ireland,
that he attended aq assemblage of magistrates held on the eve
of one of Mr. O'Connell's great. monster meetings, as they
are called, and that he offered, on just' getting a hint, to drive
a troop of dragoons into the body of the meeting, and trample
and cut down like weeds, men, women, and children ! If it be
a fact that this red-coat fiend made such an offer, and that it is
known to his fellow-officers in the service, and that they now
associate with him, I call them to their teeth a pack of cowardly,
infamous, unmanly scoundrels. He is no soldier. He is
not only a digrace to the character of an officer, but he
would be a disgrace to a gang of pirates. No brave man
ever made such an offer. A brave man would let himself
be blown from a cannon before he would even contemplate
it, and the officers who tolerate such a filthy cannibal
amongst them, deserve to be sent out to gloat themselves
upon human flesh in the congenial companionship of their
fellow savages in the South Sea Islands. Having said this
much upon what is not, I now come to state what is the
duty of a soldier. It is his duty to fight against the enemies
of his country, armed for attack, or armed and forewarned
for defence. This is the sum and substance of his duty ; if
he is ever employed for any other purpose he is not bound
to obey, but to this duty he is bound to devote every
energy of his mind and body in life and death. In
action the soldier is to have no will of his own. It is the right
and duty of his commanding officer to point out what he is to
do. It is his duty to do it or die, not only as a matter of per-
sonal bravery, but as a conscientious duty before God; he is
bound to give up all thought of self-preservation, all feelings
of humanity towards the enemy, not, however, to the extent cif
unnecessary cruelty, to weaken and destroy the adversary in
every way in his power, and even when he sees that his own
death is inevitable, to sell his life as dear as he can. War
being once legitimately proclaimed, the soldier is a mere
instrument in the hands of the Government of his
country, to be employed by the general placed over
him for the destruction of the enemy ; and what-
ever intellect he possesses, he is only to use to
carry into effect the commands of those in authority over him.
It will be said that this is a degrading and debasing con-
dition to place rational beings in who are all accountable
for their actions, and many of whom may be as intelligent
and as enlightened as the. very general whom they are thus
blindly required to obey, but the strength and effectiveness
of an army is in proportion to the extent to which this spirit
pervades the whole mass, men and officers. Prompt, cheer-
ful, and determined resolution to carry the commanding offi-
cer's orders into effect, is the whole secret of military discip-
line. On it alone depends victory; it will tell almost against
any odds, and
.it is therefore that it is a moral duty in a
just cause. This is the full extent to which the unreflecting
mechanical obedience required from the soldiery can be
carried. It is absolutely impossible that any human autho-
rity could exist on earth which could absolve any man in any
condition or profession from the moral responsibility which
attaches to every rational being. The soldier, like every
other man who hires himself for any particular business, if
required to go beyond it, is not bound to obey ; if it ceases
to be legitimate, he is bound not to obey. The soldier is
bound to fight against the enemies of his country in a
just war. This is his sole duty—this is his only obliaa-
ticn ; if commanded to do anything else, he is not bound to
obey; and if he did obey with arms in his hands, when required
to do anything unbecoming a soldier, I would call him not
only a base slave, but an arrant coward. If the Government to
which he has engaged his services as a soldier should be so
iniquitous as to enter upon a war of plunder or unjust oppres-
sion against an unoffendir:g people, he should die before he
would participate in such a horrible crime. No supposed
obligation, no imaginary duty, would justify or excuse him
before God and the world ; he would be a robber and a
murderer if he advanced one step in obedience to .any human
being for such a wicked purpose. But here arises the embar-
rassing difficulty to the brave and honest soldier. If believing
the 'service, to be iniquitous he disobeys, he is put doWn
as a cowt.rd. If he fights he is a murderer, and this to
be sure is a hard case, but why should a soldier talk of a hard
case? If he be that milk-and water kind of thing, that
would sit down to bemoan his unhappy fate, what business had
he with the profession of a soldier? Will not the government
that would be so depraved as to engage in such a war, be
sure to treat its own soldiery with as great barbarity as it
would the unoffending people, whom it would rob? Will not
the brave and honesitjellow who would disobey such pirates he
tried by court martin it and shot at the drum head? Who will
dare then call him a coward? Why nothing but the fear of
this world will ever make him take chance of escaping amongst
the gang of robbers who would obey, and then who is the
real coward ? Clearly the man who -would take chance to
escape as the murdering thief, not he who would die sooner
than be such a villain. The fate of such a fine fellow would
no doubt be melancholy. There is no brave or generous
man living who would not shed the tear of warm sympathy
over his honoured grave. - . He- himself would be the
only man who would stand unmoved when the instruments
of death would be pointed at him ; his very murderers would
shudder at their own crime, while the blessings of all that
is hood and virtuous on the earth would follow his brave and
manly soul before the throne of that God, whom alone he
could be made to fear and obey, but whom upon that occasion
at least, he would have .no cause to dread. Ido not, of course
mean to make any practical application of this doctrine to the
actual state of this or any other country at the present moment.
I put it for Ward solely as an adjunct to Mr. O'Connell's gene-
ral theory of peaceful agitation, which would bring about every
amelioration in the condition of mankind, by instructing every
class of the community in the moral duties they owe to each
other. Themilitary have- been in all ages the most powerful
class; when ignorant, depraved, and blood-thirsty, they have
been invariably employed for the plunder and oppression of their
fellow-men; when intelligent, moral, and generous, they have
ever been the protectors of the people, the defenders of their
liberties, the scourges of their tyrants ! It is therefore
essential that they snould be included in the grand scheme
for the universal regeneration of mankind by intellectual
instruction alone. 11 this short notice of this extremely im-
portant subject should contribute to bring it under general
discussion, it will be doing good service. If any one differ
from my views regarding it I shall be glad to have his reasons.
I undertake to go fully with him into it, and to define and
demonstrate the moral duty of the soldier under all possible
circumstances—in peace and war, at home and abroad. As a
beginning, to mark out those two or three prominent points,
about which there can be but little rational controversy, is,
perhaps, quite enough."
Such was the liberal, enlightened, and patriotic view taken
by a clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church of the duties
of a British soldier. Was there in the community a
man of common sense, who could for a moment miscontrue
or misunderstand the object and intention with which that
letter had been written by the Rev.' Mr. Power? No ; the
object of the Repeal leaders, in adopting this course with
respect to the soldiery, was as clear as the- sunlight.
Their plans were crafty and subtle in the extreme, and if they
took especial care that their meetings should be conducted
without turbulence, violence, or disorder, they adopted this
precaution for the' purpose of warding off suspicion, and con-
cealing as effectively as possible their ulterior ends,' which
were illegal, and in the last degree unconstitutional. There
was no expedient which the most corrupt ingenuity could de-
vise to which recourse was not had, in order to impress upon
the minds of the popular classes in Ireland, the necessity of
obtaining what they called " justice" from England, by peace-
able means if possible ; but justice at any hazard, whether
of peace or of war, in case that the attempt to attain the ob-
ject of their political ambition by " moral means" (as
the 'phrase had it, should prove abortive. They were resolved to
have " justice," which being interpreted, meant Repeal by peace-
able means if possible, but at all events " justice." And in
order to the more effective carrying out of this project the
crafty men who took the management of the repeal move-
ment into their own hands, thought it advisable to impress
upon the minds of the soldiery that if the present Government,
acting on the principles adopted by their predecessors,the late
Ministers of the Crown, who declared that they would prefer
civil war to the dismemberment of the empire—should think
fit to employ active measures for the suppression of sedition
and disaffection, they (the soldiery) were net in duty
bound to contribute their- exertions to the attainment of
that end, nor to use the arms which had been placed in
their hands by Government for the punishment of the
disloyal, and the protection of the well-disposed subjects
of their Queen. The plan was singularly ingenious, whereby
it was intended to achieve "a tearless, bloodless revolution."
The popular classes were to be combined "as one man" (this
was the ordinary phrase) —the bond of union being detestation
of the Saxon oppressor—and when the popular mind had been
brought to this tone, the sergeants were to " pronounce," as
they had done in Spain, the arm of military power was to be
paralysed by a coalescing of-the civilians with the soldiery, and
by this means the union was to be repealed, and the empireiwas
to be dismembered 1 And now he begged leave to make another
allusion to a meeting to which he had alluded on the day pre-
vious—the meeting of the Loyal National Repeal Association,
which was held in the Corn Exchange on the 4th of September
last. On that occasion Mr. O'Connell made a speech, in the
course of which he, used, amid other remarks, the following
observations :

" I want no revolution, or, if any, only a return to former
times—such a revolution as that of 1782, or 1829—a bloodless,
stainless revolution. a political change for the better ; but, who
can tell me that we have sufficient resources remaining, even it
our present plans should be defeated? .The people of Ireland
might increase the potato culture. and leave the entire harvest
of Ireland uncut. What would be the remedy for that? Who
would tell me that the Repealers of every class might not
totally give up the consumption of excisable articles ? I throw
out these things merely to show that if the diabolical attempt to
create bloodshed should succeed, the people would nut be de-
prived of their resources, and, the means of vindicating their
cause."

What ! forsooth, to le?.ie the harvest of the entire country to
rot in the ground, to give up the ute of all exciseable articles
—such was the constitutional mode by which Mr. O'Connell
taught the people to'defeat the Executive Government. Why,
the Secret Committee of seventeen hundred and ninety-seven
made allusion to precisely a similar plan ; the harvest was to
remain uncut the year before the rebellion of But Mr.
O'Connell thought he had gone a little too far, for in the
same address be said, " But, of course, I do not
suggest them. The harvest is now cut; I speak the
day after the. fair, and, therefore, with particular
safety, a resolution for the non-consumption of excise-
ablereproposed."
d .
In and customable articles is not propo;ed at present, it is
d for a
not be
greater
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faarrtfroomf
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it e
may
ad-
dress, he says, "On Sunday next I shall attend a meeting at