The Sun.
London, England, 1810-04-28 00:00:00

4

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PAP.EiS

IU TO THE CAMPAIGN IN PORTUGAL AND

SPAIN.

(First fnclostire retered to in No. IJ.

topY of a Letter train Sir Arthur %Veil sley. to the Marquis
Wellesley, Gatai Deleytosa, Bth August, dc.9. Containing
S,•venlin.:lo:;urest twin A. to G.
MY Lon D, ,

I have received. your Excellency's letter of the
3 i‘t twin Cadiz. 1 concii:de that MT. Frere 'ill
tn.ike.your
,Excellency acquainted with the general
s ;nation of atfairS of Spain, a; .d I have the honour
.•%nclosea ,opy of, my dispatch of ;this date to the
S4cretari of State, which will make you,acquainted
with the circunisi inces which have rendered it ne-
, cess vy for the armies to take up a defensiie vosi-
tio actin-xi the 'nos,
1 have already apprised Mr. 'Frure, in a private
Ictiter, of my opinion Tat it would be mcessary, t 9
,p it in motion the Marquis de Rornan-a's, or the
Duque del Parquv7s force in the North-of Spain, to
induce the enemy to weaken his force in Estrema-
thira before the armies Could resume offensive opera-
(ions.-
inr mean time 'it is necessary that many ar-
_ rangerraents,,should be adopted, to enable the troops
to take'advantage of-any success they may have in an
offen,ive operation, or even to maintain their de-.
-fensive positions. *
I will endeavour to detail them in this dispatch
with-my reasons fat' thinking them absolutely feces-.
sary.

The first of these is the formation of magazines
of provisionS. and forage, particularly biscnit, bar-
ley, and cattle, at reasonable distances in the rear of
the armies. •
• - This part of 'Spain, is but thinly inhabited, and
but ill cultivated,, in proportion to its extent and its
fertility : and, it is nearly exhausted.
As now equipped,ithe armies, amounting to not
less than -sixty thousand mouths, and sixteen pr
eighteen thousand ltorses,, depend entirely for their
daily supply cal provisions upon the_country which
does not contain a population in an extent of many_
square miles equal to the numbers of, the army, and
of course cannon produce a sufficiency for its suste-
nance, It is necessary, therefuee,
,o send to great
distances for supplies, which are producediwith dif-
- fieelty ; the troops are ill-fed, and not regularly, and
very frequently receive no food avail.
The next arrangtinent to be made is to supply
the armies with means of transpott ; not only to.
move forward the magazines, when that may be,
n cessary, w eels :ncans should be especially attach—
e to the magazine., ; but also means of transport to
eaable the-army to communicate „with the maga-
ztnes, or to send to any part of the country for sup-
piles of pinsisions or forage : three thousand or four
thousand mules would eff,Jc:tually answer .the first
objeff ; and I should consider the British army well
Supptie3
.with what it would require, if it had fifteen
hundred mules, and about a,huedred of the Valera
tia, or Cat Tiernan mule carts. -
These measures-are equally necessary for the Spa-
Aish the British armies. No troops can serve to"
av good pureuse, ueless they ate regularly fed, and
it is an error to suppose that a Spaniard, or that a
Man cmani.eal of an country can make an exertion
without food. In fact, Lie Spanish troops are, more
claim:rous for their, food, and more exhausted if
they do- ndt receive it regularly, than_our own are.
The Other points to which I wish to draw your
attention are referable to the state of the Spanish
troops.-
My opinion is that an exertion ought to be made
immediately to clothe them in the national uniform.
By the adoption of this measure tie practice which
prevails, I am sorry to say, very generally, of throw=
- away their arms and accoutrements, and running
away, and pretenyling to, be peasants, must be disconti-
nued. Large bodies could not change their clothing-
or the distinelive marks of dress in a soldier ; and it is
Probable that as ,they.would not only find no se-
curity, but rather increase their danger by throwing
away their arms and accoutrements in. their flight;
the State would not so frequently. sustain the loss
of these valuablearticles.
Another advantage4hich would result. from the
more general use of the national urtiform, is, that it
would be in the power of the General to pdnish the
troops who misbehaved before ,the enemy, in the
the manner most, likely to affect the feelings of the
SpanTards, viz. by d sgrace.
When a number 'of peasants are collected to-
gether, with arms in their hancis and in the garb of
peasants, it is,difficult to hx a mark upon those corps
or individualS • who have behaVed ill which shall
pisint them out as objectsof execration to the whole
community, and yet' it is aeknowledged that a pu-
nishment of this desCription would hate ten tunes
the effea of-that whioh has lately been carried into
execution in the Spanish army on account of the
misbehaviour of some- corps in the battle of Tala-
- vera,Niz. that of putting to death every tenth man
• of the number who ran away,
,and a third or fourth
Of the Officers:
Al the w hole army wore the national Uniform, it
Would be possible to disgrace those who should
rt-iisbehave; either by depriving them of it, or by
affixing- some mark ,to it wi.ich would tend more
' eui crusty than any thing else to preyent a repetit.ton
of these misfortunes.
It i's difficult *to describe to yonr Lordship the ex-
tent to which this practice prevails.
" While corps, officers and all, run off upon the
first appearance of danger ; and. I doubt not that if
sthe mull could be a,certained, the army of General
Cuesta, which crossed the Tagus, thirty-six or thir-
tv-eight Thousand stiong, does not now consist of
thirty thousand, although it has not lost five ‘ hun-
dred. men in aelion.
The, plan of operations which I should recom-
mend for the Spanisl nation is one generally of .
• defence.

They should avoid general actions, but should
take advantage.Of the strong points in their country
to defend themselves, and to harass the enemy.
Their principal army should be colleted on the
Tagus, if they can
,hold thA river, or farther back,
if they cannot ;, and wherever they can form a boOy
of troops, or the Guerillas of the country can be
I,ut iu too;ion, they should be employed Upon the

enemy's communications, and should be pushed on
even to Madrid.
i
I have the honouz to be,
Your Lordship's most obedient hilmble servant,
(Signed) ARTHUR WELLESLEY.
His Excellency the Marquis Wel-
lesley, &c. &c. &c.

(A. in °First Inclosure referrekto in No. 2.)

Extra& ()la Letter from Sir A. Wellesley to Marshal-Beres-
lord, dated Placentia, 17th I uly, 0309.

I asked General.Cuesta to secure for me the pas-
sage of Ballos and Perales, and he has occupied, the
former, but has left the latter to be Occupied by
the Duque del Parque. I wish that you would
send somebody to see how' the pass is occupied, and
that at all events you would have an eye to the pass.
It will make me quite secure, and will render me
the greatest service that is their present situation
the Portuguese troop's could render. Ido not
think that the -Frencla would like to venture
through that pass in the present situation of their
affairs.

•
The bridge of Alcantath and Almaraz being im-
passable, they Would he in a Col de Sac; and *auld
have no exit excepting through a desert on the fron-
tiers of Portugal.
(Signed)

ARTHUR 'WELLESLEY.

(B. in First Inclosure referred to in Np. 2.;

Copy of a letter from Sir Arthur Wellesley to General.
O'llonoghue, dated Talavera, 3141 July 1809.

Sin,

Adverting to the intelligence which has been
_re-
ceived of the niovement of the French corps to-
wards the Puerto de Banos, Lcannot avoid to re-
quest that you would press his Excellency- General
Cuesta to detach towards that quarter, on this night,
a division of his infantry, with itsguns, and a Corn,
manding Officer on whose exertions and abilities he
can rely.

I certainly never could have advanced SQ far, if I
had not had reason to believe that point was secure;
and I still think the movements or General acres-
ford with the Portuguese army on the frontiers, or
that of the Duque del Pagine from Ciudad Rodrigo,
combined with the natural difficulties of the country,
and the defence by the Marquis de!
.Reyno, may
delay the enemy's advance till the arrival of this

At all• events, this division Will not be missed
here, and it will be•'in a -situation'An observe the
enemy, if he should have crossed the mountains
before the arrival of the division.. - But if the diy;-
sion should arrive in time it-will perform a most
important service to the comwon cause, as if will
preclude the necessity of my adopting tnoreeffec-
tual measures to re-establish and secure my com-
munications with Portugal, which measures must
tend to delay the execution of all our plans against
the great body of the enemy.
(Signed) " ARTHUR WELLESLEY. '

I have to observe, his Excellency is equally.in-
lereste'd with me in preventing this irruption into
Placentia, as the enemy's first. step will certainly
beto interrupt his Excellency's communications witri
Seville by the bridge of Altuaraz.

Major-General O'Donoginie;
&c. &c. 84Q,

(C. in First Inclosure referred to in No. 1.) .
Copy of a Letter holt; Sir Robert Nilson to Sir Arthur Wel-
lesley, dated Montilla zd August 1809.

MY DEAR GENERAL,
The inclosed *ters will probably account for the
forward movements of the enemy, who menace me
so seriously, that I shall immecliacely retire my ar-
tillery to St. Roman, occupying the Panada with
300 man of the Ronda Battalion. The remaining
600 'will take post on a strong height beyond this
town, from whence they have a good retreat to St.
Valuela.

The main body of infaniry I shall move to Gar-
.
seaten, ready to occupy St. Valuela, or obey such
orders as you may give.
- _ (Signed) . ROBERT WILSON.
Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wel- - ,
lesicy, &C. &c. &c: •

(D. in First Inclosure referred to in No. 2.)
Copy of a Letter from Sir Robert Wilson to Colonel Murray
(hued Montillo, 20 August, 18.9.

SIR,

You will perceive by the inclosed letter that ,the
enemy have entered Bejar, and I also learn that
two thousand five - hundred cavalry have entered
Hernizos, a league in my front, and that a column
of infantry, the strength of which I know .not, is
moving in the Same diredion from Mazerda. From
these circumstances it is not inlpos'sible that I may
be obtiged to retire to the heights on my rear,, or
move to'my right, "should I not receive support from
Talavera. Troops that were moving on to Madrid
.1 under-Stand hate again advanced, and I. am led to
think the enemy either intends to strike a blow on
me, or finish their plan of establishing a free com-
munication with the reinforcements , they. expe&
under Soult.

-(Signed) ROI3..YV'ILSON.
To Col: Murray, Q.M.G'. •

(Inclostire in C. and in 'D).

Copy of a Letter from Colonel Lugo_to —7, dated Avila,

ist August 1809.--with Translation..
• Avila, 7 A.M. t At.itit, 1809.
Je recois a 'lnstant votre lettre, Monsieur le
Commandant, et je vOus retni✓rcie.ds details qu'elle
contietit.

Je n'ai encore aucune nouvelle-de la. marche du
,crps dont vous'tne parlez. 11 y a toojours quirize
cent hommes de la gainison de Ciudad Rodrigo a
Bujar et autant a Bano.

Sai des Partis sur l'Alberche, et des espions par-
tout. Je n'ai•eucore aucune nouvelle de la" marche
de Monsieur 1e Marechal Soult, quoi-qu'il doive etre
dans les environi-de Placentia.
Agreez, Monsieur le Commandant, l'assurance de
ma consideration partieuliere.
(Signs) Luoo. •
Ecrivez rnoi de justi7.e,a justice, c'est le meilleUr
tnoyen pour cortespondre.-
(tianslation.) '
• Avila, 7 A,. M. ist August, 1209.
COMMANDANT, •
I have just received your letter, and thank you
for the details which it Contains.

I have as yet no accounts of the march of the

MARKETS.

. ,
At Norwich ,Tornbiand Fair, there • wag n veri
),urge show of fat -Steck, which had a drill sale
the latter part of the
,day, when it wa= nearly
bought by one jobber, and sent to Srni;bfiell''-
There were many excellent home-hreds, which did
credit to the graziers and breeders—one of
not four years old, fed only on hay and affair., Wit
sold to Mr. John Kett, and estimated to weigh neat
one hundred stone (i 4lbs. •to ttre stone)! Dere
was .a large show of Scotch beasts, Which came °P,
in fine condition, but. the buyers did not seem ea,e.t
to purchase, although the Prices were not higher;
but seed is very scarce, and the large annual 811111,
Fair is fast approaching. Some lots, however, we,fis
disposed of. A remarkably fat and large Cow t`';'j
shown, and_also a most , beautiful little High,i'l„
Heifer, of exquisite symmetry. Cows and Catvci,4
`speaking generally, were dear, and also yea"'
Colts.- B.idiog or Cart Horses, worthy the attentio,
of dealers, were not to be
,seen either at the Fair,
0
on the preceding day. The Sheep pens were 61; cta
in the mornivw, great quantities being cderea
sale, and nearly all of them were sold at advance_
prices. Altogether, we do not recolleet to have seen
s
a fuller Fair for many years, and much business °rad
transaeted. The show of Stallions Was large,
than
we here were more good horses of this description tOo
we have been accustomed to witness. or
BURY, APRIL 20.—We had a short supP.Y.
Wit: at this week, and such as was good was so_
for More money than last week ; in other grain lit"
or no variation, say Wheat from 42s:to .stis-i ~131;
ley- i 7s. .to e2s. ; Oats 12s. to 1.55. 6,1.; and-o'sd
40s. to 425. per coomb. Household Flour 873. all
seconds 8.55, per sack. •
lIVISBECH,
,APRIL. 21.—The supply of Grain to;
day was rather plentif 21 ; no alteration in price (011,
last week worth notic,.., 1 except for line Whe3l"
which sold at little more money. The prices 04
be. quoted as follow :—Wheat 845.• 88s. to 09i0-;
and Beans 365." to 425. per quarter. Oats 81. 89.
121. 12s. per last.

ICELAND.-OnWednesday. se'nnight SirG.M`Kelici
zie, ,accompanied.by Mr. H. Holland, And Bechar
Bright, of the University of Edinburgh, sailed froth
0
Leith for Stromness, from whence they are-td
proceed to Iceland, in 'a vessel which is es-Pecl,e
there from London. The objet}of this ardno?i
undertaking is to explore part of that inhospitable
country, .which, without British commiserationi
would, in consequeOce of the war, be depriVed-Q
the absolute necessaries of life.

WEAVING.-Amongst the numerous improve;
ments of the present age, that of weaving figures
on cloth is certainly not the least. A do4sle ,
mask table-cloth has been woven at Whiteliavenyl
the Countess of Lonsdale, which is thought by go.
judges to surpass, in point of VVOILIWShiP, 3°)r
thing of the kind every procluce'd in that part ,°f
the kingdom. It is four yards and a half in length'
and three yards and a quarter in breadth ; the -cen-
tre exhibits, in the most sdirited and, correct Iva":
ner, the Family Arms; with a border of the invt:
exquisite fancy. The buds of roses are such
would appear to _ _

- ",Bieathe fragrance all around,"
were it possible for the must to exalt them %%tit' til!
tints of nature.—ln short, the loom itself; 'I)"
beauty, the fabric, and the amplitude of the 041°'
cloth, exceed every thing that can be shewn in the
North North of England.

, Monday se'nnight, a Serjeant,of Marines -hung
himself in the cellar of. his lodgings, in Best street,
Chatham. Some neighbours saw the unfortun3te
• man almost as soon as he had committed the meta'
Choly act, but weie so alarmed as to neglect t"5
only means of saving him, and ran to acqoajot Inc
wife of the circumstance, who was at somedistauca
off. Nearly half an hOur elapsed befOre any Persc'ea
went into the cellar to cut him down. He was th
quite dead. The cellar was so low that the unforit;
nate man was obliged to bend his legs under bin',
etred his purpose, even then knees nearly totio"
ed the ground.
On Tuesday et-ening, as a young man of the. name
of Templar, a resident of Clerkerwa, was runnl
down One-tree Hill, in Gretnwich, Nrk,
Aft
when near the bottom, and broke his leg. 18.!`e,t
remaining upwards of tvk enty minutes in the gredt°'
.agbny, a shutter iA as procured, and he was conveyed
to the nearest public-house, the humane landlord o
which ref Used admit him and he .was aficrwaf
taken to Greenwich Infirmary, where be experie.nce
the most attentive treatment from the Surgeons'
il
and was permitted to remain in,.'the Infirmary, °
condition of his paying all expences.

IR 1 HS.
On Monday last, at May's Farm, Oxfordshire, the La"
of W. Butler, Esq. of a Son and Heir.
On tire 27th inst. at his house in Bedford-square, the Loy
of Walter Shairp, Esq. of a Daughter.
est,Tday, in Leicester-square, Mrs. Frederick Horn:"
of a-Daughter. , • -

MARRIED.
On the t6th inst. in Dawso-n-street, Dublin,
Capt. Frere'
ton, of the Canitithlgeshire Militia, to Maria Anna Watson'`o
eldest daughter of the late Thomas Brereton Watson, ESC!'
Springfield, in the Comity of Tipperary.
On T.hursday last, Mr. 11. Clarke, of Chatham, to Miso
ConqueSt, daughter of George Conquest,-M.D. of the ao'''
place.
'fir: same day,- Mr. Robert. Young, of Watling,streett -
Allss Clark., of Leatherhead.
At the Cathidral Church. Bangor, -the Rev. j; Ft. _Cot-
ton, L L.B. Reaor of I 'cry/el). 'ln the Counts' of Denbigh,.
Precentor of the Cathedral, to Mary MILL:, seconddaugil"
ta of the' Lord Bishop of that Diocese.

DIAD,
On Friday the aoth inst. Ann, youngest daughter Of I°`
sephßrandislw Esq. of Clarges:street.
On the 21St first. ill the 73th year of his age, Henry Meg-
borough, Esq. of Richmond,- in the County of York.
On Tuesday last, at Radford, near Shrewsbury, the ?I°ll.
Luke Gardiner, second son of the late Viscount MountjoY•
Dit, Wednesday evening, after a long and tedious illness?'
Mrs. Webs•r, of IValnut•ttee,row, Lambeth.
On-'T;urt,:ay, last,' itfter a painful indisposition of • • r
years, - Charles Doniville, Esti. of Stanbroke-Efall, ne3
Worcester, and of Santry- flouse, near Dublin.

P R ai .1"1OCKS •
-YEsrtß DAY.
Rank
,Stock, 2693 2t9 India Stooc, tgif
Navy 5 pet (..ent. 99 • India Botals 17s. pr.
Irish 5 per Cent. ' Exchequer ;fills, 6s. rzs.
4 per Lent. 83 j 84 Orrlniurn,
3 per Cent. ken. t9kl imitetiid 3 per CNA'.
3 per ::cnt. Cons. 70* , COLAS. tor 7.;
bank L. Ann. ;8 5. IGths I