The Sun.
London, England, 1845-05-15 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDA I[7
_MORNING, MAY 15, 1845.

own journal. The first was a statistical and well
arranged list of the French navy, effective and not
effective—its actual and its growing amount, and the
extended elements of its increase. The second was
the passing of a Bill through the Chamber of De-
puties for the truly national purpose of protecting
the ancient monuments of France. The third was
the somewhat unusual event in the French Legis-
lature of the presentation of a petition signed by
25,000 people. Its prayer was for an inquiry into
the condition of the working classes. _ _ .

To begin, first, with the last but not the least im-
portant of these matters, it must be owned that Lord
J. RUSSELL has already anticipated it by his forthcom-
ing motion on tho same subject—the sufferings of our
industrial classes. The proceeding of M. ROLLIN,
however, may serve to fortify the case which Ms
Lordship will have to urge upon the House of Com-
mons, by showing that similar evil influences are
seriously affecting in act one of the most meritorious
as well as largest communities in our social system.
If our own opinion or advice might. avail, it would
be given in the way of exhortation to the French as
well as to the English statesman, to persevere in the
design they have respectively avowed'. There can be
no question but that one of the most dangerous aspects
which a great country like England or France can
exhibit, is, an accumulating aggregate of unemployed
or of miserably underpaid labour. When able-bodied
labour cannot realize wages on which it is possible to
subsist itself, and those who depend immediately and
entirely upon its efforts, it very naturally determines
that it may as well cease to work, whilst industry
fails to procure any better return than the pittance
grudgingly given at all times to unemployed pau-
perism. But when able-bodied labour, ready and
anxious for the employment it seeks, can obtain none,
then by as natural a process, though it be a more un-
fortunate one of reasoning, it arrives at the conclusion
that what it cannot obtain on the fair conditions it is
prepared to fulfil, that is of hard working, it must take,
to satisfy the primary duty as well as appetite—
that of self-preservation. Now, the sooner you can turn
masses of men from the habitual, though unconscious,
study of these political ethics, which determine in the
running of a vicious parallel between the rights of
labour and the liabilities of property, the better.
For when these masses are left in the full leisure for
indulging in these perilous communings of compul-
sory want with repudiated industry, the disorganisa-
tion of society is at hand. The only chance of grap-
pling with so perilous a disease is one of anticipatory
treatment—preventive rather than remedial. We
would implore Lord Jour RUSSELL to bring to
this great social question, involving the solution, as
it does, of one of the most complicated, and yet
most frequently recurring political problem, the who!e
resources, information, and energy of his gifted and
sagacious mind. In M. RowN's hands we have no
doubt, looking to the advantageous light in which his
talents have been already developed to the public,
that the same comprehensive theme will be very ably
treated. It is greatly to the intereEt of European
civilisation, and the peace and repose of all its States,
that these topics should be thoroughly and dispassion-
ately discussed in the Legislatures of two of
its mightiest kingdoms, with a view to the
devising of some scheme for providing per-
manent guarantees against the fearful tenden-
cies of unoccupied and pauperised industry. It is a
disturbing force in the working machinery of our
existing social system, which, if you cannot control
by giving to it its necessary evolution within assigned
limits, will inevitably acquire an explosive power,

that once generated will annihilate the engine within
which it has hitherto revolved.

With regard to the Bill to protect the ancient
monuments of their country, the Chamber of Deputies
has certainly had the start of the British Parliament.
And yet what country abounds with more numerous
or ennobling reminiscences of its past history, of this
kind, than Great Britain ? In what country
shall we find grey ruins and sculptured
effigies, the associations and originals connected
with which are better calculated to inspire
the present generation especially the younger
branches of it—with more generous emulation or
lofty virtues, grand qualities and high achievements,
love of country, thvotion to its glory, attachment to
its institutions, than our own ? Alas, that we must
also ask, in what country are these relics of visible
and tangible history so rapidly disappearing, so
scandalously neglected, so apathetically regarded by
successive Governments, so wantonly outraged by the
bad taste, bad feeling, or profound ignorance of indi-
viduals, and parochial, and municipal, and ecclesias•
tical authorities? Some of the most classical,
albeit the most guilt-stained ground of this ancient
metropolis--foundations, walls, and turrets, and chapels,
state-chambers and state-dungeons in the Tower of
London, the tombs of royal and baronial guests, or
prisoners—have been rudely dismantled, levelled to the
dust, and are at this moment in the course of re-
moval, and with them, haply, the very bones of some
of England's best descended nobles, to make room for
barracks and other such modern desecrations. There

is no Board to protect the dust that should have been
sacred, as impressed with the traditionary footsteps
of a majestic chivalry : but there is a Board of re-
spectable Commissioners, with a Noble Chairman at
their head too, for the direction of such national

leries, and national columns, and national fountains,
and national anomalies of all kinds, as disgrace the na-
tional folly called Trafalgar-square.
The list of the French Navy is a text which, NN e
trust, in the language of our Dissenting friends, the

Government "will improve." We have no complaint
to make against the Ministry of France for the gigan-
tic advance they have given to the French marine.
It is astounding, but it does them infinite honour.

All we are interested at this moment to demand in

reference to it is, that our own Admiralty adminis-
trators will not be above learning from this remarkable

document, how time is to be taken by the forelock,
and all possible exigencies are to be met, and there-
fore disposed of, by timely preparation. With one-
half of the foresight and alacrity displayed by the
Baron MAcx.Aw, and the department over which he

Presides, applied t) the means, the navy, and the
material at the command of our own Admiralty, and
to the crres of preparation, combination, and disposal,
the office of naval censor3hip, so beneficially exercised
by Sir C. NAPIER, would become extinct.

At the Repeal Association, held on Monday, two
subjects of importance were brought forward for dis-
cussion—the Irish Academies Bill and the Call of the
House—and on both Mr. O'CONNELL was the chief
speaker. It is with pain that we advert to
the remarks he made, because they show little
disposition to aid the Government in confer-
ring benefits on Ireland, and no sympathy what-
ever with the Irish Members, who perform their duties,
and risk the anger of the Repealers for the good of
their Country. The scheme proposed by Sir J. GRAHAM
he pronounces most objectionable, and wonders at " tl.e
flippancy with which the Irish Members (meaning, of
course, Mr. SHELL and Mr. Wyse) of the House of Com-
mons ex pressed their approbation. Yes, they displayed in-
decent and unworthy flippancy. In the new colleges there
was not to be lodging for the professors or students,
no boner, no provision of any kind for their support
or protection. They were to have no connexion with
any clergyman, nor be under the authority of any
bishop." These are only a few of the objections pointed
out, and it is curious to observe that the very same
comp] ints would apply to Edinburgh and Glasgow
Universities, seats of learning that produced REID and
SMITH, ROBERTSON and BLAIR, BLACK and CULLEN,
and Mown°, besides a bright galaxy of illustrious men,
not less distinguished for morality and religion
than fur important discoveries in almost every
art and science. But the evident ground of
antipathy, or, rather, hatred to the measure,
rests on the fact that the Catholic bishops are to have
no control over the institutions. GOD forbid that they
should ! Such a clause in the Bill would, to a certainty,
have destroyed every benefit it is calculated to confer,
and would justly have raised such a host of enemies
that the strongest Government could not carry it through
either House of Parliament. The Bishops, both Protestant
and Catholic, have quite enough to do in attending to
their religious duties without interfering with the edu-
' cation of young men, and bending their thoughts to pecu-
liar theological dogmas. It ought to be the primary ob-
ject of the measure to avoid all distinctions of sect and
party, to bring the youth of the country into the
same school, to refine their minds by literature
and science, quench religious animosity, and teach them
to live together as friendly subjects of the same Sove
reign. Mr. O'CONNELL agreed with only one speaker in
the debate, the very last man in the world with whom he
sh(,uld agree on such a subject. " It was a godless scheme
of education, and he agreed with Sir R. INGLIS,

when he denounced it as a gigantic scheme
of godless education." But on what principles can they
agree, unless Sir R. ING*.rs has adopted the theological
tenets of WARD and NEWMAN, and is a rank Catholic ?
This, however, is not Mr. O'CoNNELL's meaning. His
scheme would eitablish an impassable gulf between
Protestants and Catholics, give power to a clergy
already too powerful, and keep up that system of aliena-

tion which has caused such woes to Ireland. From his
colleges all members of the Established Church, all
Dissenters, all young men, in fact, of every shade of reli-
gion,
except the true one, would be excluded, so
that we should not only have a repeal
of the Union, but the total destruction of
some of the most noble institutions in
the United Kingdom. Such a scheme is utterly im-
practicable. Nu Government:could propose it—no legis-
lature would adopt it—the plan would be scouted by
the universal voice of England and Scotland, and per-
haps Ireland too, and we must infer either that Mr.
O'CoNNELL's mind is not what it was, or that he really has
in view the purpose which his enemies impute to him.
His attack on LOUIS PHILIPPE is equally out of place.
That sagacious Sovereign, we admit, has not maintained
the principles on which his dynasty was established
in 1830, but he has made great atonement for
his political back slidings by his firm determi-
nation to put down the Jesuits and curb the insolence
of an encroaching and despotic Church—the bitterest
enemy of freedom and sound moral instruction. The
Jesuits have done incalculable mischief to Europe, as is
well stated in the following extract from an able article
in the last Edihburgli Review
" Wherever a Jesuit colony alights, a factitious life is coin
municated—order, and zeal, and patience, begin their work,
and marvels are the result ; then follows a period in which all
things stiffen into a stationary regularity ; and lastly, inevi-
tabl e decay—decay proceeding from no external causes, but
obviously developing itself from within. What conquests
were ever like those of the Jesuits in infidel countries? And
what conquests were ever more transitory? But the great
work of the society in Christendom itself, still more strongly
exemplifies its peculiar destiny. The Jesuits found the old
Church of Rome—the Media3val Church—to all appearance
dead, and exposed a corpse in the streets to the gaze of
exulting nations. They breathed the breath of life into
the dry bones, and they lived, and stood upon their
feet, an exceeding great army. They rebuilt the Latin
world after their own fashion, even as, in architecture, they
substituted the one, unvarying, wearisome form of the Jesuit
Church, for the the usand exquisite devices of the Gothic
school. And they conducted that revived Catholicism—
gently, regularly, with little of outward disturbance or dis-
order—to a second stage of apparent decrepitude and death,
in the embraces of the infidelity of the last century. Once
more it has renewed its youth ; but under the inspiration of
influences widely different from theirs. So in political his-
tory; we read. in the first ago of their duration, of great
things accomplished by their means ; ever after, the appa-
rition of a Jesuit in a court is a mortal symptom. Where a
dynasty dies out in squalid imbecility, there is always pre-
sent some Jesuit figure leading it softly to the grave '--as in
Spain and the Netherlands under the last Austrian kings, in
Austria und.,r her late sovereigns of the house of Hapsburg.
Wherever misguided power overstrains itself, and draws
down ruin on its own head, there is a Jesuit at hand whis-
pering fatal encouragement : witness the last years of Louis
XIV., James 11., Charles X. A general character of sterility
marks at once their greatest and most trifling efforts."

Madrid journals of the 6th inst. have been receive&
Oa that day the discussion on the motion for increasing
the revenue by taxes on property and new tolls was
resumed, and opposed by the Finance Minister. Ile
trusted that the Cortes would sanction the measures
proposed by the Government, and see the necessity fur
establishing order in the Administration, and strength-
ening the national credit by religiously fulfilling all
public obligations. The motion was rejected by a
majority of 88 to 22. It was understood that the
Chambers would be:prorogued on the 15th.
The Three per Cents. closed at 34 746 for cash, and
35e at 60 days ; the Five per Cents. a: 25k for the 20th
of May; and the Debt without Interest at 841 at CO days.

Only a few of the Paris papers were published on
Whit-Monday, and the intelligence in theM is not of
much interest. Those of the Opposition seem to reckon
on a speedy breaking -up of the GUIZOT Ministry.
Nearly one-half of the Cabinet, according to the Courrier
Francais, are ill, or pretend to be ill. The following is
the bulletin which that journal issues on the strength of
the Ministry and the health of the Ministers :—" It is
known that the Lemardelay Club was formed for the
great object of saving the Government and the country,
by making or unmaking Ministries. It was it which,
after the debate on the address, so miraculously restored
the Ministry of October 29, when mortally wounded,
and said to it Go on 1 At the present moment this
Conservative Club again throws its weight into the
scale of the Ministerial destiny. Has not the Cabinet
which it then revived lived long enough? Is not its fated
hour come ? Lazarus still drags along the winding-
sheet which is not yet thrown off. A living being was
supposed to be found again ; but there is nothing more
than a disinterred corpse. The club is now again deli-
berating, and the 29th of October is on the eve of being
consigned to the tomb. 'Look,' said one of the speakers
of the club ; GUIZOT will no longer be able to
conduct the business of the State—his heart
is broken, and he needs a lengthened repose.
M. LACAVE LAPLAGNE is repeatedly indisposed, and
seeks only a warm retreat. M. DUBION himself thinks
fit to be unwell, and without his Canal de la Garonne
he would not be even convalescent. We will pass by in
silence MM.. DE MACKAU and CUNINT-GRIDAINE, feithT-y
have a special license to laugh at the doctor. But as
to M. MARTIN (du Nord), if he is nut confined to his bed,
he ought to be so—the Jesuit is the worm that is
gnawing his entrails, and he has not strength to drive it
away. What can be said of the old Marshal, but that he
can never get older than he is. There remain only MM.
SALVANDY and DUCHATEL. The first came into the
Cabinet with youth and strength and health; but behold
he has lately become gouty and suffering. Besides, he
never believed that his functions would be durable, for
he has never installed himself in the hotel of his Ministry,
but continues to reside at No. 30, Rue Cassette, as if he
only modestly occupied his place ad interim I If health
could make a great statesman, the second-named gentle.
man would be the best of Ministers possible—M. Du
CHATEL has the shoulders of an Atlas; but that is not
sufficient when the head is weak. What can be done with
a Ministry which is decapitated and dismembered ?'
It appears, however, that the health of M. GurzoT is
gradually improving, and his perfect and speedy re-
establishment is looked on as certain. He was received
on Saturday by the KING and royal family. The de-
parture of the Duchess DE NEMOURS for London is an-
nounced. Her Royal Highness is to attend the grand
bal coseume which the QUEEN proposes giving on the
20th of June.

The following are miscellaneous extracts from tl'e

papers: --

" Letters from Palma," says the Presse," state that the D uke
(le Montpensier intends to visit the Balearic Islands, and in -
,Tect them in all their details, on his return from the ex-
pedition against the Kabyles."
The report on the Budget will be presented, it is supposed,
on Thursday. The proceedings of the session will then be
carried on more rapidly, and it is calculated that its ter-
mination will arrive about the end of June or the beginning
of July.

It is reported that in a few days an ordonnance Brill he
issued creating four more new peers. Three of them, it is
said, will be Baron Sers, Prefect of the Gironde, M. Jeyr,
Prefect of the RhOne, and M. Annisson Duperron, formerly
deputy. The fourth is not named.
The Report of the Committee on the Bill for regulating
the Juges de Pain is on the point of being distributed to the
Deputies. It concurs with the Government in the propriety
of granting them fixed salaries in place of fees. It proposes
that the salaries of the Juges de Pais, in towns and com•
munes which have not only 6,000 inhabitants, but even as
few as 3,000, should be 1,500 f. per annum ; but they sup-
press the indemnities of 500 f., and I,ooof. mentioned in the
schedules A and B annexed to the Bill.

The following is an extract of a letter from Algiers, of
May 1 :—" It was the famous chief Ben Nini who, on April
20, led the attack on the troops and convoy going to Orleans-
vine. He himself came the same day into Tenez to ascer-
tain that all the troops had gone out, protesting at the same
time his devoted fidelity. The Governor-General has pro-
claimed him to be an outlaw, and none of the tribes can now
dare to shelter him. For several days Tenez was blockaded,
and shots were fired in broad daylight on several of the out-
posted sentinels. Colonel Claparede, who went out with the
garrison troops, has returned, after having chastised several
tribes who had joined the insurrection. He has brought
with him several influential persons, and detained them pri-
soners. His column had to sustain some rather severe
conflicts."
The Council General of the Bank of France has finally de-
termined to establish a branch bank at Algiers on the follow-
ing conditions :—" The capital is fixed at 10,000,000 f., of
which 2,000,000 f. are tobe furnished by the Bank of France,
and 8,000,000 f. by shareholders, on the issue of 8,000 shares
of I,ooof. each. All further call for capital is prohibited, so
that the above parties cannot in any case be held responsible
for larger sums than those they have respectively advanced.
Should the capital be found, from experience, to be too
large, the Bank of France shall be authorised by :a royal
ordinance to repay a portion of it to the parties interested.
The branch bank is to possess the exclusive privilege of is-
suing notes, and shall be under the immediate direction of
the Bank of France. Its accounts, however, are to be kept
perfectly distinct from those of the home establishment, and
the results of its operations are to be published separately. A
royal ordinance is to be applied for to authorise the organiza-
tion of the branch bank.
" Five young Persians of rank, selected by the Shah to
proceed to France to receive a European education, arrived
at Toulouse on the 9th, on their ray to Paris. They are
under the care of an artillery officer, who formed part of the
body of French military men who received permission to
proceed to Ispahan to instruct the Persian troops in European
discipline."
On the Paris Bourse on Monday the Three per Cents.
closed at 86f. 20c.; the New Loan, at 86f. 60c.; the Fire
per Cents., at 121 f. 100. ; Orleans Railroad Shares,
1,215 f. ; Rotten, 1,090 f. ; Vierzon, 812 f. 50c, ; Havre,
875 f.; Avignon, 1,040 f.; Basle, 270 f.; Spanish Actives,
40; Ditto, Three per Cents., 421; Ditto, Passives, B*.

The following are the quotations for the new lines:—
Orleans and Bordeaux, 215 f. premium ; Boulogne, 170 f. ;
ditto, Troyes and Montereau, 72f. 50c. ; Paris and Lyons
(Lafitte), 17f. 50c. • ditto (Caton), lf. ; ditto (Ganneron),
12f. 50c. ; Northern Line (Lafitte), 301; ditto (Aosamel),
10f. ; Tours and Nantes (Mackenzie), 12f. 50c. s ditto
cDrouillard), par; ditto O'Neill), 12f. 50c.; ditto (Jacquol

Lefevre), par; Lyons and Avignon (Lecointe), 30f. ; ditto
(Talabot),32f. 50c. ; ditto (Compagnie Meridionale), 12f. 50c. ;
Bordeaux and Toulouse (Mackenzie), sf. ; ditto and Cette
(Espeleta), 161. 25c ; Creile and St. Quentin, lf. 50c.; Paris
and Strasburg (Ganneron), 121. 50c.; Dijon and Mulhouse,
6f. 25c.

LYONS, MAY 9.—Avignon and Marseilles 1,065 f, for cash ;
Paris and Orleans, 1,220 E, for the 15th inst. ; Paris and
Rouen, 1,135 f, end of May; Orleans and Vierzon, 830 f., ditto ;
Orleans and Bordeaux, 712 E, for the 15th; Boulogne, 660 f.,
end of May; Montereau, 575 f., ditto.

AMERICAN NEWS.

ARRIVAL OF THE CALEDONIA.

LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY MORNING.

The arrival of the Caledonia steamer, Captain Lott,
from Boston and Halifax, has been anxiously looked for,
and, true to her time, she was telegraphed off Holyhead
at half-past three o'clock yesterday, and arrived in the
Mersey at half-past eleven.
We have received by this vessel New York pipers to
the 30th ult., being six days later than the intel-
ligence furnished by the Great Western. The great
topics in these papers are the Oregon question, and the
unsettled relations of the United States with Mexico.
As regards the former, the intelligence, on the whole,
is satisfactory. There is a good deal of bluterir g
in some of the democratic journal?, with bittr'r
allusions to the remarks made in the British
Parliament, and something like defiance against Eng-
land. But the more sober and respectable part of the
press take a different view of the subject, and regard
with satisfaction an amicable settlement of the differences.
One of them publishes a report to which it inclines to
give credit, that the result of the President's delibera-
tions with his Cabinet on the Oregon question was a
determination to follow the example of the British Go-
vernment on the Maine boundary affair, ar.d send a spe-
cial Minister to London. Even the Minister has been
named—Mr. Van Buren—and we have heard also, in
this tonne :ion, the name of another distinguished leader
in the democratic party.

A correspondent from Washington says ;—" There is
great actility in the State Department just now, and
Mr. Buchanan bad a long conference with the President
this morning, and he also received dispatches from Mr.
Pakenham." The New York Herald, which professes
to echo the popular cry, is even peaceable, and merely
calls upon the Government to maintain the honour of the
country, which England certainly has no wish to inter-
fere with. We subjoin an extract from that journal of
the 30th of April:—

" It is very evident that Great Britain is in earnest in her an-
nouncement of uncompromising hostility to our claims to the
Oregon territory. She assures us that she is prepared to maintain
her pretensions at every hazard. She is certainly at this moment
in a very excellent condition for enforcing her claims and carry-
ing her threats into execution. She has settled her difficulties in
the East. She has satisfactorily arranged the Chinese affair. She
has at present no particular business in the way of war on hand.
Her financial condition is prosperous in the highest degree. She
was never, in fact, more powerful, more unembarassed, more able
to effect her purposes than now. It is surely, then, incumbent on
our Government to make some preparation for meeting this for-
midable enemy. The whole country should be put into a state of
defence at once. The President should immediately summon an
extra session of Congress. The navy and army should be increased.
The militia should be re-organized, and put in such a condition
as to present a
,more reliable means of support than an armed
mob. The defence of the country should be made wot thy of the
name. All the recent improvements in naval warfare should be
introduced. A steam navy should be erected at once, which could
be used in connexion with commerce, and be always in readiness
for actual service. Communication between the great cities along
the coast and in the interior should Le established by means of the
magnetic telegraph. This is the way to negotiate. We do not
wish a war. We deprecate war. It would be a great calamity.
But we do not wish to see the country humiliated. We desire to
see the country in a proper posture of defence, fully prepared with
the means of negotiating with honour and success."

The TVash:n9ton Globe, which, though not the official
paper, is understood to express with more authenticity
than any other the views of the administration, thus con-
clu&s an article headed " War with Eugland:"—

" Nothing was ever more true than the sentiment expressed by
Mr. Polk, in his inaugural address —' that every extension of our
empire gave an additional security of peace to the world.'
"Yet have we been forced at times, and that too under 'the
mildest of our rulers, from this, the settled policy of our Govern.
ment ; and it is our solemn conviction that we shall soon again be
called on to take up arms against our former and only adversary.
It is perfectly manifest that they regard this as a favourable mo-
ment to renew the system of aggression upon us which has re.
stilted in war heretofore ; which to submit to is only to invite new
wrongs—wrongs premeditated, not for the advantage which ac-
crues to them, but arranged and settled upon merely as the means
of bringing on the conflict of arms, or the entire abandonment of
our rights as a nation. The only mode to avoid this is, the firm
adherence by the President to the letter and spirit of his inaugural
address. He will be sustained by the nation in that; for, not-
withstanding the English Ministers choose to level their lances at
Mr. Polk, it is not to be forgotten that the previous action of the
House of representatives had, by an immense majority, given their
sanction to his language. By the truckling abandonment of our
rights by Mr. Webster in the Ashburton treaty, we lost the subject
of controversy, forfeited the respect of the world and of ourselves,
and invited new and unfounded pretensions from our adversary.
" This, *0 far as it goes, certainly indicates a disposition on the
part of the dominant party to insist upon our whole claim to
Oregon, even at the hagard of war. We do not believe any such
action will be sustained by the people. The question is pre-emi-
nently one for arbitration. If our claim is not just we ought nor
to insist upon it. Great Britain has heretofore offered to submit
it to such arbitration under the most liberal conditions. This
proffer of peace was rejected—with more emphasis than dignity--
by our Government. Should it be renewed, we have no hesitation
in saying that it should be at once accepted. We shall run no
risk of losing anything to which we have a right; and when rights
are conflicting, mutual concessions—concessions which a neutral
party would deem just—should reconcile them.

. ,
" If we should be plunged, by madness or folly, into war with
England or with the world, we should do all in our power to in-
sure its vigorous prosecution and successful issue ; but we trust
the country will not become engaged in such a contest, without
having exhausted all honourable efforts for the preservation of
peace."

The following is the money article in the New York
Courier and Enquirer :

" We continue in an agitated state in respect of our foreign
relations; not that any one thinks war is at hand, but that many
fear through the complication of difficulties that war may at last
come. We do not deem such a result possible with common pru-
dence on the part of this nation, and yet the bare apprehension of
it causes doubts and hesitation both to the'stocks and money market.
" At this season there is generally great activity in home busi-
ness, and such is the case just now, for produce does not feel the
effect of the warlike rumours and apprehensions. Indeed, thus
far the whole effect is confined to operators in stocks, which rise
and fall as rumours more or less angry, or more or less probable,
prevail,
" The foreign business of the year was expected to fall short
of that of last year, and especially the importations : and the
estimates by the Treasury of receipts from the Customs for
the current year were at a considerably lower figure than
those of the past year. The result will turn out as foreseen. Thus
far the duties received at this port, as compared with those for
the same time last year, have fallen off more than a million and a
half of dollars, as may be seen by the annexed statement :
Receipts from Jan. Ito April 27, 1844 $7,136,302
Ditto dltte 26, 1845 ... 5,549,207

Decrease in 1845 .........
" The same relative diminution will be found in the Custom
House receipts at other ports.
" In cotton there has been considerable activity, at full prices.
" The state of the exchanges remains unchanged. Sterling is
steady at 94 to gi, and France at sf. 25e. to 26f.
Money is in good demand. The banks make their quarterly
statement on the Ist of May, and in order to make a good appear-
ance, prepare in advance by calling in Inane and accumulating
specie which, the statement once made, they again release.
" The line of discounts generally is pretty well up, and that of
specie remains without material variation. There are always very
heavy payments fatting due in May, which, however, the banks
will facilitate by extending their discounts, and, if no unforeseen
events occur, we see no reason to suppose that money will be scarce
or high for months to come.
" The operations of the Stock Exchange this morning were un-
usually limited.

cultivate amicable relations with that of Mexico; and here he
will improve this opportunity to repeat that which he has before
communicated to the Government of Mexico—to wit, that the
United States has not adopted the measure of annexation in any
spirit of hostility towards Mexico, and that the United States are
anxious to settle all questions which may grow out of this mea-
sure, including that of boundaries, in terms the most just and

Having offered the olive branch of peace, and manifested a sin-
cere desire to arrange these questions amicably and upon principles
just and honourable to both Governments, the United States have
done whatever is in their power to preserve the friendly relations
between them, and it now remains for Mexico to decide whether
they shall be continued, or whether the peace of the two countries
shall be broken by a conflict equally injurious to both, and whisk
can give satisfaction only to the enemies of civil liberty and repub.
titan institutions.

The undersigned will pass over in silence the charge made
against his Government of having violated the treaty of friendship
with Mexico. The right of Texas to cede the whole or a part of
her territory to the United States, and the right of the United
States to accept such cession, have already been amply vindicated
repeatedly. The undersigned has received no official communica-
tion as to the action of his Government in regard to the annexa-
tion of Texas to the Union ; nevertheless, he cannot doubt, from
the tenor of his pers 'nal correspondence, that the measure has
been passed by Congress and approved by the President. He ex-
pects daily dispatches from his Government, with special instruc-
tions upon this subject, and before taking any further steps, has re-
solved to await their arrival.

The undersigned has the honour, &c.,
WILSON SHANNON, Minister, tce.
In reply to the above, the following letter was sent
two days after :

National Palace, Mexico, April 2, 1845.

The undersigned, Minister of Foreign Relations, has the honour
to communicate to his Excellency, Mr. Shannon, Minister, *c.
in reply to the note of His Excellency of the 31st of March tisit
the Government of Mexico cannot continue diplomatic relations
with the United States upon the presumption that such relations
are reconcileable with the law which the President of the United
States has approved in regard to the annexation of the department
of Texas to the American Union : that this determination is
founded upon the necessity which Mexico is under of maintaining
no friesidship with a Republic which has violated her obligations,
usurped a portion of territory which belongs to Mexico by a right
which she will maintain at whatever cost; that the relations be-
tween the two countries cannot be re-established before a com-
plete reparation of that injury [agravio] such as is demanded by
good faith, justice to Mexico, and the honour of the United States,
is made.

Moreover, the undersigned will take the liberty to say to his
Excellency, Mr. Shannon, that if the United States Government
thinks that it entertained friendly sentiments towards Mexico at
the time of giving such offence, and when attacking the integrity of
the Republic of Mexico, this Government (Mexico), is very far
from entertaining the same views, or of acquiescing in the assu-
rances which his Excellency, Mr. Shannon, has given, whatever
may be its sentiments towards his Excellency personally.
The undersigned, in making this announcement to his Excel.
lency Mr. Shannon, doing so by the order of the President of
Mexico—cutting short a new discussion which the interruption of
the relations of the two countries will not permit, and because no.
thing can be added to what this Department has already said—has
the honour to renew the assurances of his very distinguished consi-
deration. LUIS Q. CNEVAS.

Santa Anna's trial was slowly progressing. His
health is represented as being very indifferent.

The British frigate Eurydice arrived at Vera Cruz
on the morning of the 12th instant, from Galveston, with
dispatches, which were immediately forwarded to the
capital.
Captain Patherson, of the schooner Fanny, spoke, on
the 17th instant, in lat. 20.46, lon. 95.20, the American
squadron, consisting of the frigate Potomac, sloop Fal-
mouth, and brigs Fairfield and Somers, bound to Vera
Cruz.

Letters had been received in Vera Cruz from the
American Minister, Mr. Shannon, who had retired to
Tacubaya, that he would leave for the United States in
a few days. It is probable that he is only awaiting dis-
patches which he knows to be on their way to him, be-
fore taking leave of Mexico.
The city of Mexico had been much damaged by an
earthquake, experienced on the 7th ult.
There is no news from Canada.