The Sun.
London, England, 1845-11-22 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS.

TO THE LANDLORDS AND KEEPERS OF COM-

MERCIAL INNS.

" Some of the witnesses examined before the Committee
of the House of Commons, in 1836, were of opinion that no
bank should have any branches beyond its own county ;
others considered that they ought to be within such easy dis-
tance—say thirty or forty miles—that a director or manager
might visit them and return to the head office the same day.
At the present moment, the manager of a bank situated in
London can start from thence and visit a branch at Stockton,
244 miles distant, the same day, and be back in London the
following forenoon.
" With the same expedition with which hi, can himself
travel by railway, a banker can have his letterT parcels, and
packages, transmitted from one place to another. The money
he formerly sent by letter upon a journey of two or three
days, now arrives at its destination in one. The advices to
make payments and retire bills, which it was necessary his
customers should give him two, three, or even four days pre7
vious, are now sufficiently early in 24 hours.
" But railways do not merely economise the time of the
banker, they also economise the, use of his money. He does
not require to keep such large reserves in his coffers as he
used to do, because he can receive an additional supply in
less than half the time he formerly did. They diminish also
the risk of transmitting money. The rapidity and cheapness
of transit from place to place have led many bankers to
prefer sending their remittances by a special messenger, in-
stead of, as formerly, through the medium of the Post-office.
This plan is adopted by several banks having branches.
There is no money sent by post either to or from the branches,
but remittances are dispatched, when necessary, by a clerk.
This insures certainty and security, and the money is re-
ceived even more quickly than it could be by post. In many
instances business is thus transacted in one or two hours
which a few years ago would have occupied an entire day.
" These facilities will probably tend to the gradual intro-
duction of still greater improvements in the mode of trans-
acting the business of bankers. They may, for instance,
have the effect of shortening the dates at which drafts are
drawn by country bankers upon their London agents. The
expedition with which money can be conveyed, supplies pro-
cured, and advices effected, naturally leads to this result.
They may also have the effect of equalising the rate of in-
terest allowed upon deposits. This has, in former years,
been very unequal in different districts of the country; and
may still be found to vary from 2 to 21 and 3 per cent., and
even upwards, in several places. Local circumstances will,
no doubt, continue to influence the rate more or less; but
there will still be, as there already is, a greater tendency to
assimilation.
" These facilities also tend to reduce the amount of cur-
rency throughout the country. Bankers, from the circum-
stances already mentioned, do not require to keep such
large sums in their tills as formerly, such heavy reserves of
bank notes and bullion. The same circumstances occasion
the more rapid return of notes. Markets which farmers and
dealers were in the practice of visiting only at long intervals,
are now attended three or four times as often; and it is
not unusual to hear the remark, that the markets of certain
country towns lying contiguous to railways, are better at-
tended than they used to be before these iron roads were
opened. These farmers and dealers deposit the superfluous
notes they would otherwise carry in their pockets in the
hands of their bankers. The notes issued by each banker are
also more rapidly returned to him by the banker who receives
them, and this has the effect both of keeping down the aver-
age amount of the circulation, and of acting as a chck upon
excessive issues. . . . .

----
" Railways have advanced the interests of the banks by
the additional banking business they have been the means
of creating, They have increased the number of banking
accounts, and banking operations of every description—the
discount of bills, the transmission of money, the amount of
deposits, the circulation of notes and coin. Whatever in-
creases the employment of the people increases also the
business of the banks. All new undertakings, such as rail-
ways, aie powerful auxiliaries to the general trade of the
country. The mere speculations arising out of these concerns
during the last twelve months have added largely to the
employment of the banks, while the calls and deposits have
been a source of considerable profit. The provincial and me-
tropolitan banks have alike benefited by the increase of rail-
way business. The great additional labour which has in con-
sequence been imposed upon the clerks in the London banks
has given rise to complaints of their being sadly overworked.
We should, indeed, be glad to see their hours of business a
little more curtailed. It is a subject worthy the consideration,
and we trust will receive the early attention, of those who
profit so largely by their labours."
There is no reason to believe that the picture is in any re-
spect overcoloured, either as respects the present, or the pro-
babilities of the future.

DEEP SEA FISHING.
TO TYE EDITOR OF THE EDINBURGH ADVERTISER.

Sir,—Whilst receiving such information as I consider will
be of interest to the public, on the subject of Deep Sea Fish-
ing Establishments, I frequently converse with those whose
principal objections are, that they would injure the poor
fishermen by depriving them of a living.
A slight cons►deration of the subject will soon dispel such
a delusion. The object of Fishing Companies will be to pro-
secute the fisheries upon a more extensive scale than they
now are, with efficient vessels, such for instance as the Dutch
and English. The present existing fishermen will be em-
ployed by those companies.
When companies are being got up they are open to all,
and where shares are small, the fishermen might themselves
embark and become part and parcel of them ; or should
some scruple to engage as servants in the employment a.
others, if able, they might get up companies amongst them
selves. The great want to be supplied is efficient vessels for
prosecuting the deep sea fishing in all weathers.
It is a well• known fact that the Dutch, after coming a
distance of 600 miles, export herrings from our coast
annually to the Mediterranean, the value of which is im-
mense, and that is effected a month before any of our open
boats put to sea in quest of herrings. English fishing smacks
are often on the coast of Scotland fishing, where they have
been known to fill their wells with 1,200 cod in a few days.
These fish being taken to London alive, and some having
been cured there, have been transhipped to Leith, and sold
in Edinburgh at a high price.
Such an anomaly, the public will easily conceive, well-
organised fishing establishments would remove.
There are parties, too, I converse with, whose objections
to fishing companies are, that if large quantities of fish were
brought into market, the price of animal food, &c., would
be lowered, and the general interest of provision dealers
injured. My argument to them is, " Let us do unto others
as we wish that they should do unto us"—supply the com-
munity with plenty of cheap food. If the provision dealers
are desirous of acting up to the golden rule, they should
embark part of their capital in the fishing companies, and
what they may lose by the cheapness of beef, &c., they may
gain by the profits from fish.
My opinions are, that if the whole of the fisheries of Great
Britain were conducted under properly organised companies,
they would be of a great national benefit.—l am, Sir, &c.,
H. DEMPSTER.
Edinburgh, Nov. 17, 1845.

THE TOWER.—Considerable activity is manifested
in the erection of the new barracks, which are now 20 feet
in height above the ground. The earth removed in the ex-
cavation has been spread over the old moat, which is now
ready for the use to which it is to be applied, as a parade-
ground.
[AnvEansplEvr.—The Atrapilatory, or Liquid
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does not require re-doing, but as the hair grows, as it never
fades or acquires that unnatural red or purple tint common to
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recommend the above dye as infallible, if done at their esta-
blishment ; and ladies and gentlemen requiring it are re-
quested to bring a friend or servant with them to see hew it is
used, which will enable them to do it afterwards without the
chance of failure. Several private apartments devoted en-
tirely to the above purpose, and some of their establishment
having used it, the effect produced can be at once seen. They
think it necessary to add, that by attending strictly to the in-
structions given with each bottle of dye, numerous persons have
succeeded equally well without coming to them. Address
Ross and Sons, 119 and 120, Bishopsgate-street, the celebrated
Perruquiers, Perfumers, Hair-cutters, and Hair-dyers. N.B.
Parties attended at their own- residences, whatever the
distance.

[Auvairriszmairr.]—The Earl of Aldborough and
Holloway's Pills.—An astounding Cure by this miraculous
Medicine after every other mean, had failed. See extract of
his Lordship's letter dattd,,Yilla Messina, Leghorn, Feb. 21,
1845. 66 To Professofiliilloway. Sir,—l beg to acquaint
you that your pills have effected a cure of a disorder in my
liver and stomach which all the most eminent of the faculty at
home and all over the Continent had not been able to effect.
Nay, not even the waters of Carlsbad or Marienbad. (Signed)
"—These wonderful Pills will cure any disease of
t
(also Holloway's Ointment) at
it le d b
liveror o u
andgh.
stomach. —Sold '
Professor Holloway s establishment, 244, Strand, and by all
medicine vendors throughout the civilised
world.

COUR7' OF QUEEN'S BENCH, Nov. 21.
(Sittings in Banco.)

short and uninteresting case, involving a right of tells
having been disposed of, the case of
WEBSTER V. TIIB MATOR OV KENDAL:
was called on.

The case was not gone into, but, from the extracts read by
Mr. Justice Wightman from the notes of the Learned Judge
who tried the case, it appeared that the cause of action was
a charge of assault, brought by the plaintiff, against the
Mayor of Kendal, for forcing him (the plaintiff) out of
the council-room during an election. It appeared that
the plaintiff voted at the election in question, and
left the room, but subsequently entered it with another party
who waited to vote, but the Mayor of Kendal conceiving
that the plaintiff had no business in the council-room re-
quested him to withdraw, which he refused to do, whereupon
the Mayor forced or pushed him out of the room, which the
plaintiff conceived was an assault, and therefore took•an action.
Plaintiff's counsel stated that at the trial the jury appeared
inclined to find for the plaintiff, but owing to the misdirec-
tion of the Learned Judge, they found for the
defendant. It appeared by the Judge's notes that in
charging the jury, he told them that if they believed that
the ceuncil-room was an apartment which was used for the
purposes of the election, the business of which would be in-
terrupted by the presence of the public or of a large crowd of
persons, who would have an.good a right to come into the
room as the plaintiff, if he were suffered to remain, and, there-
fore, it became necessary to put him out ; if the jury believed
this, they should find for the defendant. But the plaintiff's
eounsel contended that the Learned Judge should have told
the jury that if they did not believe all this, or if they be-
lieved the contrary, they should find for the plaintiff; but his
Lordship did not do so, and, therefore, the jury found for the
defendant.
The case, however, was not beard.

BAIL COURT, Nov. 21.
(Sittings in Banco before Mr. Justice PArrusox.)
Mr. CNILTOX applied for an attachment against a person
for neglecting to attend a trial, he having been subpoenaed.
The person against whom the attachment was required was
a resident at Swansea, and the cause was to be tried at Brecon, a
distance of 48 miles. The subpoena was served upon him
early on the morning of the 28th of July, and the cause
stood for trial on the 29th. The cause did not come on until
the 30th, and a verdict was given for the plaintiff; damages,
ens farthing. The person who had been subpoenaed was not
there, although there was ample means of transit between
Swansea and Brecon. Ten pounds had been given to him to
pay his expenses, which he pocketed without expressing any
reluctance. His evidence was material to the cause, and the
plaintiff believed that if he had been present, he (plaintiff)
would have recovered the whole amount of damage he sought
from the defendant.—Application granted.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, Nov. 21.
(Sittings in Banco.)
DONSDBM. WOODALL) V. WOODALL.

Ur. Sergeant Byles and Mr. Sergeant Channel occupied
the Court the greater part of the day with the arguments on
demurrer, in the above case, which was an action on a die-
vuted will, but in which no point of public interest arose.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER, Nov. 21.
(Sittings in Banco.)
THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL V. BRYAN.

This was an information filed against the defendant, who
was a paper-maker at Bristol, for infringing the Excise laws,
by sending out paper without the legal and proper stamp
being previously placed upon it, which was tried in the sit-
tings after Trinity Term, and a verdict returned for the
Crown. Mr. Chambers subsequently obtained a rule nisi
calling upon the Crown to show cause why the 'verdict
should not be set aside and a new trial had, on the gronnd
that the Learned Judge who tried the cause had rejected evi-
ence which was of great importance to the defendant's case.
The ATTORNEY•GENERAL and SOLICITOR-GENERAL uow
appeared to show cause against the rule. The evi-
dence rejected on the trial was the answer of one of
the witnesses, named George Parkhurst, to a question
from Mr. M. Chambers as to where he got his infor-
mation implicating the defendant in the case, or whether
he was not the source through which the Excise ob-
tained the information against the defendant. The Crown
objected .to any answer being given to the question, and the
Court held the objection to be good. The Attorney-General
and Solicitor-General now contended that the court was
right in allowing the objection, because it was justified by
public policy, for a Government informer was not bound. to
disclose the channels by which lie obtained his informatldn,
although it might tend to discredit the evidence of the wit-
ness and materially benefit the defendant, inasmuch as such
a disclosure might hold him up to public ignominy and ven-
geance. It was a well-established rule that private hard-
ships must give way to the public convenience; but, never-
theless, it was for the Court then to decide whether such a
rule existed or not. Now there was no doubt that it did
exist; and next came the point—upon what was that rule
founded? Why it was founded upon public policy. Well,
then, the Court next had to consider whether it was a para-
mount rule, or whether it was to give way to a rule which,
at first sight, appeared to be an inferior rule. Now they
contended that the private rule and advantage must give
way to the public good, and therefore the Court properly re-
jected the evidence in question, which would have had the
effect of serving the purposes of a private individual at the
expense of public policy and public convenience.
Mr. M. CHAMBERS admitted that certain parties, such as
attorneys and priests, were exempted from the general rule
of evidence that witnesses were bound to answer questions
calculated to elicit the truth or simplify the circumstances of
the case under consideration, and a witness could claim this
exemption when questions were put to him which involved
a great public policy. In cases, for instance, of high treason,
a witness could refuse to answer questions tending to hold
up parties engaged in the public service to odium and con-
tempt, but the present case was not of such great public
magnitude and importance. It wise, on the contrary, a simple
petty matter of misdemeanour and finesse, and the privilege
and exemption claimed by the witness Parkhurst did not

-
(Before Mr. Sergeant ADAMS, Assistant Judge, and a full
bench of Magistrates.)
Elizabeth Welstead was on Thursday indicted, charged with
having stolen three lace collars, the property of Mary Howes.
Mr. Clarkson appeared for the prisoner.
The prosecutor, it appeared, keeps a linendraper's and
haberdasher's shop in Whitechapel. On Saturday last the
prisoner went into it, and asked to have some lace shown to
her. A considerable quantity of that material was accordingiy
brought, from which, after a due examination of its contents,
she selected a piece, and at once paid for it. She then re-
quested to be shown some collars, whereupon a box contain-
ing a number of those articles was placed before her. After
having spent some time in looking at the contents of the
box, she said that there was not one the pattern of which
met with her approval. Upon this the shopman turned round
to reach another box, which, having obtained, he put on the
counter. In looking at those collars which had previously
been submitted to the inspection of the prisoner, he re-
marked that there were two missing. He nevertheless at the
moment thought it the better course not to say a word upon
the subject, but waited until she was about to leave the shop,
which she was in the act of doing without having made any
further purchase. He thereupon called her back, and without
hesitation accused her of having stolen the collars which he
had missed. The prisoner, upon hearing the charge, at once
took them from under her cloak, saying that she was a 'very
poor girl, and that distress had driven her to commit the
act. A policeman was immediately sent for, and into his
custody she was given upon his arrival.
Mr. CLARKSON, on behalf of the prisoner, made a very
powerful appeal, in the course of which he suggested that it
was by no means impossible that she had unintentionally
taken up these collars with her other parcel; and then ob-
served, that, in her alarm at the accusation of theft being,
made against her, it was not at all unlikely but that she had,
, • the witness had stated, scarcely knowing what she was
about, said that her poverty had induced her to commit
the act.
A number of respectable witnesses were then called, all of
whom gave the prisoner the highest character for respect-
ability, propriety, and correctness of conduct.
The Learned lunch having summed up the evidence,
The jury returned a verdict of Not Guilty.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
GUILDHALL.

Henry Habbijam, a beershop-keeper, near the Elephant and
Castle, and Charles Crook, were further examined, charged
with stealing seven 51. Bank of England notes, which were
lost by or stolen from Miss Byfield, of Canonbury-place, on
her way from Messrs. Jones, Loyd, and Co.'s, to Islington, on
the Bth of September.
Mr. J. Payne, the barrister, attended on behalf of Crook,
and Mr. Hobler for Habbijam.
Mr. Hubbard conducted the prosecution.
Crook had made a voluntary confession, and Pockman, the
City policeman, was now called to state that Crook had made
an addition by saying that Habbijam told him he bought the
notes.
The notes were lost in the forenoon, and Crook having
changed one in the evening of the same day at a Mr. Stubbs's,
in Lambeth-walk,, was taken into custody, and after three or
four examinations he made a confession to the officer, which
led to the apprehension of Habbijam. Crook said he was
invited by Habbijam to go with him, and he went with him
to Walker's wine-vaults, at the Marsh-gate, where they had
some drink, and Habbijam changed a Si. note. They then
went to the Fountain, Lambeth-walk, and changed another.
Crook signed his name in blue ink on this note. They
changed another at the Cock and Bottle, in China-walk,
and here the landlord sent out for the change to a corn-
chandler.
Mr. Bean, the landlord of the Fountain. Lambeth-walk,
was now called to corroborate this statement. He said when
he was questioned by the magistrate before he did not remem-
ber the circumstance, but he and his wife had talked about it
since, and he now recollected changing a 5/. note. He did
not see any person with Crook.
Henry Thomas Crook, the brother of the prisoner, said he
attended his brother's second examination, on the 22d of
October, and saw Habbijam in the justice-room, when he
said he would stand in Crook's shoes for a halfpenny. When
his brother was apprehended he told him to call on Habbijam
and a man named Ridges, in Red Lion-street,. Lock's-fields,
and tell them he was in custody; they knew all about the
business, and would tell him where Mr. Games, the solicitor,
lived. Habbijam said he was very sorry to hear Charley
was in trouble, as hs had known him some time, and their
wives were brought up together. When they saw Mr.
Games, Habbijam said he wanted bhn to defend Charles
Crook. There was something amiss about some notes. Mr.
Gaines said he did not know Crook. Habbijam replied, "Oh,
yes, you do, we call him Nelson," and described his person.
As they were returning Habbijam told witness to make him-
self easy, as he could bring a person who could prove Crook
had a horse and cart to sell, tho prisoner having accounted
for the possession of the notes by saying he received two in
payment for a horse and cart.
Mr. Alderman WOOD saw nothing to change the opinion
he expressed before that the case against Habbijam was very
weak. If. Crook's confession had been confirmed in the
material points, he would have admitted him to give evi-
dence. Against Crook there was his own confession, and
abundant other evidence. He was shown to be in possession
of the stolen notes, and it would be for a jury to say
whether a guilty knowledge could be inferred front his con-
duct. By allowing an accomplice to become a witness upon
making a confession, insufficiently, corroborated, he should
allow both the offenders to escape justice. There had been
seven examinatiens ; and he thought that, with more zeal
and intelligence on the part of the prosecution, a complete
case might have been got up; but it now appeared to be
hopeless.
Mr. Hubbard justified himself against this censure. The
Alderman had no conception of the immense trouble that had
been taken to find any witness acquinted with Habbijam, and
able to swear to his handwriting. One witness, who was
summoned for to-day, had sold off everything, shut up his
house, and fled. In another instance, where a barman, who
changed a note, and was required to attend, his master, who
had not changed it, and could give no evidence, had the
effrontery to come instead. He prayed another examination,
and for warrants against certain witnesses.
Mr. Alderman WOOD said he would willingly grant the
warrants and remand the prisoner till Tuesday, Habbijam
continuing at large on his bail, as the case against him was
so slight.
The prisoners were remanded.
MAI?LBOROUGH-STREET.

Emanuel Goldsmith was brought up to undergo another
examination on the suspicion of having been implicated in a
robbery which occurred on Friday night last, at the house of
his master, Mr. Russell, jeweller, New Coventry-street.
About half-past six on Friday evening last the prisoner
informed police-constable Adams, who was on duty in Lei.
cester-square, that a robbery had been committed at No. 7,

A middle-aged man, named Thomas Goldsmith, who was
stated to be in prosperous circumstances, was brought up for
final examination, charged with stealing one peck of coals,
the property of a gentleman named Stephens, residing at No.
20, Buccleuch-terrace, Upper Clapton.
It appeared from the evidence, that shortly before 7 o'clock
on Sunday morning the prisoner was observed by a lad,
named Wilson, to be lurking about in front of the prose-
cutor's residence, with an empty pail in his hand, and after
casting a cautious glance about him, to observe if lie was
watched, suddenly clamber over the railings of Mr.
Stephens's area, from which he shortly after emerged with
the pail filled with coals, and was hurrying off in the direc-
tion of his own house, when the boy informed a policeman of
what he had witnessed, and the prisoner was pursued and
taken into custody. On being searched at the police-station
his coat-pockets were also found to be crammed full of coals,
and on these being emptied out the officer was surprised to
find a quantity of gold and silver, nearly amounting to 2/,
which it was afterwards ascertained was the prisoner's own
money. The constable next proceeded to search his house
in St. John's, Hackney, and on examining a trunk in his
bed-room discovered two deposit-books from as many
savings'-banks, which contained entries in the prisoner's
name in the whole amounting to upwards of 1071.
The prosecutor now attended, and expressed a hope, as the
prisoner was proved to be in circumstances of comparative
affluence, and it was obviously impossible for him to identify
the coals as his property, which would most probably cause
the prisoner's commitment on the charge, if the Court should
adopt that course, to result in an acquittal, that the magis-
trate would amerce him in some heavy penalty, to be ap-
priated to the relief of the numerous distressed objects having
claims upon the office poor-box.
The MAGISTRATE, however, said that he regretted he could
not accede to such a benevolent suggestion, as the offence the
prisoner was charged with was not one in which a fine could
be inflicted ; but, as it was doubtful whether a conviction
could be insured if the prisoner were sent for trial at the ses-
sions, and which course, moreover, would entail a conside-
rable expense upon the county, he should take upon himself
to deal summarily with the case, and order the prisoner to
be at once committed to the House of Correction for four-
teen days, with hard labour, for the offence of being found
upon the prosecutor's premises with the intention to commit a
felony.
The prisoner, who was described as a man of remarkable
penurious habits, and who evidently preferred the imprison-
ment to the payment of any penalty, was then removed in
the van.