The Sun.
London, England, 1845-10-08 00:00:00

LONDON WEDNtgbAY MORNING, OCTOBER 8, 1845

! and Fecamp will he quoted •at the parquet. In a few days
ald.Livorpo. 1. „ •
.ND 1-114 ckf Sere
, • o,..lr,i'be,top.atiug of the- Baltic S9a Do.;'`v!,Y)
qati.Zi,euutun,ter kaii-way was. (7penb:l- t i the
pull c with ureatiOaemonv antt. show. This line- has been
completat in an incredibly short space ~of time, viz•,, five
niontbs, and with the exception of the terminus et Rends-
bur.4, which 4s not yet:finished, .it is found to •answer.per-
4Ttly, The zeal of the. directors and engineers has effected
this great result. It is now fully shown that the line Ope-
rates most aavantageously for the traffic of west• and south
Schlesein, and its construction having cost no more than
.43,750 t, there can be no doubt of the returns being very
great. ,

13AMBE4G_ ANI?„ 141,cktiENF.4L,..--The-Royal North Railway
froin 13ant,lie,rg Licbtnnfvls will be opened on theilstli.insf.,
and the journey may then be performed in three 'hours:- -It
4144tiagY104.4y,mi1e5..,,4.4
thlktont.uszci 4.Xiii413111i0..-,-,Thie..line was, opened-on
e I'st `OrOctober with all the usual ceremonies. -•--
TELEGRAPHs IN AtTpiMA.....:-:Severai.sengineers, have left
Vienna For Trieste;,: comit:tits*ited by the ,Austrian Govern-
ment, t(),, Gar1111.1c1,149.; telegrapbic, communication, between
Trieste .ancl Venice.. Withreapect to the great projected line
of telegraphs, it is to be commenced on -the Lline -between '
Vienna and
§)vt;rzEnt..t2.44.7--C9r4ereuces,of engineers and.-statesmen
are Beniilild in Turin, for theipurpose of constructing a rail-
way between T.1.2411,1494g11 Burden to.the liodensee. •

GREAT SEA—S:ERP_EN,T.
`account, duly aethenticated,,as will ibe
seen, we eopyfrom the 'last number of ' the Woonsocket
(R. I.) Patriot.. The statement 'of Captain Pewers we
give ver6atinr. -It was sent to the Woonsocket paper
by Mr. C. D. Byroii, :atho dates his letter, Newport,
September 8. The daY on which it was seen' was "the
,Monday previ3us (September I), sihile_lhe ship 'Cthe
Albatross) was becalmed off Stoningtbn, Ct., about fiVe*
mites off land.. We would not ridicule:these researchesinto natural history ; but we must say that this story is
long, ;tough, and hard to swallow. If true, however,
it shows that antiquity cannot begin to compare with
modern times. Hydrargos Sillimanu was • not a circum-
stance to the Genus Stoningtonii. We copy from the
Woonsocket Patriot. Any hats that may follow are due
at that office.
"The wind during the day had been light from the
N.E., and at about half-past, two p.m., while almost be.
Calmed, one of the men who had gone-aloft discovered
him about one point off the lee bow, distant quarter of a
mile. I immediately went aloft, taking with me an ex-
eellent sea-glass, and stationed myself on the maintop-
gallant crosstrres. :As he neared the vessel, I. was
enabled, from my elevated position, 'to observe the
peculiarity of his shape, and to reconnoitre all his move-
! ments. When first seen he 'was lYing on the surface of
the water, with his head and nearly the entire length of
his body in sight. In this position he remained for about
fifteen minutes, without any apparent motion, though
from his gradual 'proximity to the vessel, it is evident he
must have been under same latd.vay. After this, he
slowly changed his course, so as to- bring his body
athwart.our bows, and agsin appNtred to remain station-
ary, until by the current, and slight puffs of a ind, we bad
drifted silently into his immediate neighl:nurhOs)d
"-The sea-being unusually smooth and clear, the view
which was now afforded could nut well have been better,
.and the opportunity to talk, it was eagerly embraced by
all lana. I should think his length could not have
fallen far short of 70 feet. The bead appear: d to be
much the largest ,and most formidable part, and was of
an oval shape. The end of the upper jaw appeared to
be square, and very bluot; that of the under part was
not .nluel; dissimilar in shape to that of the ordinary
snake. About ten feet from the extreme point of the
head. and on either side, was located a thin apron or ea.
of flesh, of about four fCet in length and ono in width.
Directly in rear, sad just, below, appeared a large full.
orhiit eye," lor a dark e(,lour,. With an elongate horizontal
pepil, surrounded by. a white. outline., Under the throat
and about On a line with the eye, appeared two enormous
fins or flippersywhich seemed to be his main dependence
in giving headlong motion to the huge mass of living
flesh which Ily behind them. Abort eight or ten
feet still farther back, and near the 'sartitce of the
water,— two other fins' bebaine' visible; these were
about six feet long, rather narrow, and quite thin, They
lay hori2t-intally on the water, and were occasionally.
moved to and from the side:with a sculling.motion. This
circumstance led to the conjecture that they might have
been designed pa material aids iu turning the body to the
'right or left. The ridge of. the back was considerably
notched, and at equi-distances of two or three feet, sharp
transparent protuberances, of a vermillion Celour, ap-
peared, to the number of fifteen ; after which the back.
became-smooth trelarsts discoverable. Theier points or
horns were about eight inalies long, starting with a dia-
meter of perhaps four inehes, and gradually, tapering to
an extreme point. "It'isnot impossible this singular ar-
tangenient may hive been wisely ordained to serve as
'weapons of self-defence. The termination of the body
'as-quiteamaila ending_ with a callous or bony projec-
tion (Moat four feet. in length, and nearly white.
The entire body appeared to be shielded in a corn-
plete coat of mail, of a dark brown hue, divided into
regular joints, passing around 'the body, which were
slightly opened and shut by the motion, occasioned
,wheh ly'rn ! head to the sea' This singular exterior
covering would present an invulnerable
barrier against the ttagli nf any aquatic enemy who
'Might chence to, seek ,the citadel of his life. Its ex-
treme 30.0exibility was -thoroughly tested before we
parted company,; by -several well-directed shots of a rifle,
which left no visible impression whatever, and did no
seem to disturb his eqtfilibrium even the slightest de,
greee.z:.

" At about half past three we were so eoptigious to
each other, that fears began to be entertained for, the
safety,q the vessel. I came clown from aloft, and-or-
dered the sweeps to be put out, to get steer-way" on
her, order to,avoid a collision, as.-be was then lying
broadside to' just under the bow. At this critical
jtincture a scene of confusion, and alarm occurred which
can, only be imperfectly described. The oars were
scarcely in the water when a terrible eommotion was
heard directly-under the-4.forefoet.' I. jumped forward
at' once to the staysail 'lettings, , and 'yoking
down; 'ciYulif"lee "
nothing.'but
,one cemplete, caul-,
dron of bubbling,„ and boiling, foam, as white
as unstained snow. Whether: the serpent • had
taken storm at discovering his proximity to the-vessel,
+ or from the noise made by the oars as they were-dropped
into theawater,,,l could.not tell. In another instant the'
commotion ceased, and the monster breached frontthe"
water-head Wtming-up- in nearly -a-perpa;licu- ,
'sr line, until hi* head struck the martin i?* with Sucih,
force as to part the guys, and c.irryanray the' flying jib-
boom near the boom-iron. The,co4qmssion was so se-
vere that the whole ship trenibled beneath it, and the
countenance of every man outboard _was blanched with
fear. Had I not been holding on to the f)retopmast
stay at the time, I should doubtlessly, have-fallen then
board. Immediately after this he slowly settled U,Way;
and entirelydisappeitred fiofir Sight. - • .' " '
It being now about four o'clock,. and 'the wiiid:be-
,ginning fr4lntf 'the southward 'and eastward,
We hauled our taeles ' abbard,'sheeted" home' the
topsailst, and, gathering headway on the stood
in for,,,tlfa Nothing more was, seen el the
leviathallm 004gli every eye. on „loard Jong and in,
tently searched for his whereabouts. Weeth,,r this
strange inhabitant ..of thedeep is the, same. which had
been so often seen and described by others, or
.u-
-snrne new visitor itt-oti&-waters-,' I have no nel,ni 'of
knowing. I can only say that its appearince waif novel` ,
and intereitlnglif -OW!' high ilt degree, and differe4 en,
tirely in' its constructiqn; tixe, and colour, frem,any
tenant of the dsep wblefieversaree under my observe.,
tion, during a nautiCal,life of 25, years.—JAßEZ POWER/0
—New York Triburie.

The, weather,- during' Friday' and Saturday, way
such as entirely to suspend all harvest. operations in 016
gnarter.'.Wrbm'alinut ten o'clock 'on Thursday night till the
afternodn'eSituriihy;'theid was an almost 'continuotia tali of
heavy rain. On Friday, the Water of Leith, the Esk,and
number of the small rivuletS in our 19cality,', were more
charged with Water than they have been known to be4roithe
last twelve 'yen:is. They not only overfloweil their. banks,
but in many parts in'the low and flat grounds flooded whole
fields to the depth of afoot or two. A 'number of law; lying
houses .were flooded, and', their inmates Were glad to run for
their lives, 'the water being from 'three to five feet deep in
their domiciles:- 'From.' this tither alarming state of , the
weather, a sudden change took place on Saturday evening.
The wind got round. to the north, and a sharp f'rest prevailed
through the night. Yesterday 'the sun shone, 014 again with
almost unwonted splehdolir' with not a single speck Of. a,
cloud to Ide'seet?itf thb'clearblue sky; and this rnornirig,the
hamisphdre is bei.ghtry studded Should We,dt,aye,
a_ few, weeks of this, all fear's with regaidjoiLlie llaryest, wAt'
be•oven— Caledonietn' llfereary. of ;trcuidaY:—* •
. ''.A HigT TO SitTIOER-S ppulk ;1040,-77
.
The following simple
,method of detecting adulterated ;snuff:
may. be:relied upon;—Take a Pew' Pinches of snuff! lay it. nu,
a hit of. paper, and indent a small hole in it with.,youriiilgUr
then fill Thiega?, Tfthe,smiff.h.ove and, boikioraai,
ther effervesces),you-may be assured that
..there ,acque-
thing
.cexceedingly, hurtful,; bath to tha nose,and,somaeb.,
When the: snuff ispure the vinegar sinksiquietlyithrsugh
'Countq dealers 'should. try-this, simple plan with; evo,ty:
bead of snuffthey receive before selling to their customera,
which would prevent ,the, cry of sore noses, They ..1163 ran
the' risk .:art he. cusicp. 3eizibg it ja. their, ,poaseasion,, .if
f4citind impure.
%BOXFOAD.—.-. I)isr,Eitsvii•:AFFEAT_ WITH ,THE,..EO,
'SLICE.'.;•-tiify Du, Friday morning last,_as Rogars,,Carlo,..Ben,
'n'et;.aud another policeman (all ..under. Superintendent Rev,
'of the Western division) were on duty, and when near to -We,
'residences of sorne suspected thieves, near to Poistead.Heatb,.
.they suddenly' came • across, three .men, when .a ~desperate.
encounter; ensued., Bennet . and his companion being,fore• •
most, were the first to make the: _attack,. and, when-Carlo
'and R!!)gers came
orrp, .Bennet.had,closed with hisman,..an,
they were,both upon the ground, the other policeman wasA
being kept at bay, by one. of.the,villains holding over:him
in one hand a tremendous bludgeon, and in the other a
pistol. Rogers, however, in coming up at all hazards of his
life, made a, desperate rush, and ultimately .succeeded in
felling the man to the ground, and secured him with the
hand-cuffs., The villains had each a bludgeon ; one of them
had also two sacks, a brace of pistols loaded, two dark lan-
terns, list shoes, and a hard brush. The two men that are
taken are father and son, by. the name of Humphery; the
third man, it being so very dark, managed to get. away.
They are supposed to be the party who the same night broke
the letter-lock upon the door of a malt-offlen at -Layham.
The two Humpherys are committed to prison to take their
trial for the assault.—lpswich. Express.
THE WEATHER IN:WALES:4—A sudden change has
taken place in the weather during the last few days,- from a
mild, and even warm temperature, to cold bleak winds, and
showers, with occasional frosts. The operations of harvest
have been cmisiderably checked in various parts of this
county. At the end or another week, however, they will be
nearly brought to a close. The yield, notwithstanding the
unpropitious state of the weather, has proved much better
than-was expected.—Carmarthen Journal. • •
A GIRL KILLED ET • A 14'0E6E' HAMMER.--A
daughter of Mr. Nicholls, of the Bedford Foundry; Tavistoek,
aged rather more than eight yearti, came to her death under
the tialcwing circumstances. Thursday hitt she
was in the smithery too near a man who was striking. She
Was standing behind the man, who did not see her, find while
lie' was swinging the sledge he struck her on the head.
She lingered until Sunday morning when she expired.—
rlimouth Time&

FRENCH ACADEMY. of SCIENCES.
Smerie6 ov SFPT 29 . •
The communications this da,;,,r were mxceedirigiv numerous,
and on a great variety of 6u6jects, bat, generally speaking
they. were not of cemtnandiri interest. There. Were Several
on the disease of the potato, without,-however, addirig at all
to the hifermation has already been obtained on that
subject. Mr. Keller, an efAcer of-the British navy, sent in a
paper in which he declares absurd and foolish the theory of
tides adopted in scienee.- • •
M. Gary sent in a note on a new mode of making sewers,
which furnishes us with an occasion for expressingour regret
that the system-of cleansing sewers by flood-gates, the inven-
tion of Mr. Roe, in England, and for which Mr. Carpenter is
patented in France, has not been tried iseParis after the vefy;
liberal,offerepf)fr. Cerpekteriect theinudicipality to make the.
'Mare his own expense.
Several communications were made. respecting meteors
and whirlwinds, and improvements .in. mathematical instru-
ments, several respecting new ch,emicel.,compounds, and two
containing new systems of atmospheric railroads, making the
total number on this subject before the Academy at least
one hundred.
M.Nnfa:s read bid first part of an interesting paper on
the nature of the. milt, o.cliff:eient animals. He Observes
that the milk or:lieihiV4oue" anira'ate always contains four
orders Of substancespert of, their food, viz., the
albuminous represented by the cese,uni,_ the fatty substances
represented by butter, the 'saccharine ,portion of their food
represented bethe Stigaiqmil,„eradaulally,•the salts of
different kinds which exist iri„,aNttie tissues of these animals:
In tlke milk_ of, carnivorous animals there is no sugar,- and
there are only the albuminous, fatty., end _saline substances,
which form the general constituents of' meat. If,-however;
bread be added to the. food of these, animals, the sugar of
milk will be found, although "not in large quantities. 111::
Dumas, concludes his,paperby,statiegthat his investigations
haVelettabl&l him toarrive a-Ca..Perfect analysis of milk.
Boussingault Made a communication relative ,to a
new ammoniacal manure. Having remarked that magnesia,-
;the basis of which has always been regarded-as injurious to
vegetation, was found in the ashes of. all vegetables, and in-
la proportion 'in accord with the quantity of..phoaphorus
also found in the ashes, and of that of the azote, which
enters into the Composition of plants, he was led to
infer that vegetables must assimilate with ease and advan-
tage the ammoniated-magnesian phosphate.' Being desirous
of verifying this by experiment, he planted on the Ist of May
last-same'darly maize' which had already. germinated in two
series of pots, into the halfof which he had poured 15 grammes',
(about half an ounce) of double phospbated salt for each pot.
The two series of pots were then placed in the open ground.
During the first twenty,,five days the vegetatation was the
same with both series"; after that there was a difference in.
favour of the pots which had been watered with the phosphate.
On the 25th of July the plants in them were double in height
to those of the other series, and Ve diameter of the stems was
two-thirds thicker.. By the 25th of August the • proportion
had diminished; the height of -the plants watered by the
phosphate was then only one- third greater, and the size of
the sterns double. At the moment of their coming to matu-
rity, the phosphated plants bore two sound ears, and one that
had failed to come to maturity; the other plants had only
two ears each—viz.: one complete, and one that had failed.
This -was not all ; each grain of the ears of the phosphated
p'ants was double in weight to that of -the non-phosphated
pl ints. M. Boussingault concludes, therefore, and with great
reason, that the salt. in que,tion may be used with great ad-
vantage as an artificial manure.
M. Arago communicated t 6 the Academy, in the name of
M. Breguet, one of the commissioners appointed by the
Government to report on the electric telegraph from Paris
to Rouen, a note on a neer mode 'of transmitting signals.
With a pile- of-Bunsen of eighteen element, says M. Arago,
rind in all weathers, it is possible to communicate between
Paris arid Rouen with A single wire, the two extremities
of which are placed in a hole or well. No return wire is
needed. We are quite sure that neither M. Arago nor M.
Bregriet le(nild have made this communication to the
Academy it' they had been, aware that it has no novelty,
neither would M. Bregeet have taken credit to himself for
a discovery which was long since made by another. indivi-
•'nal• What is here announced as new is only part of the
telegraphic system of Mr. Bain, which is: at work in Scot-
land, and is patented in France by the purchaser of the in-
vention, Mr. Boggett, of Londne who happens, we under-
stand, to be atthis moment in Paris, as also Mr. Bain, with
a very important improvement in the insulation of the
wires. Mr. Buggett's telegraph, which works with a single
wire, was exhibited here long before the electric tele-
graph was established on the Paris and Rouen Railroad ; and
as the expense of putting it up is only one-fourth of that of
the telegraph in questian, some, members of the Academy of
Sciences, and other persons, who saw the model at work,
were astonished that a trial on a large scale should not have
been made of his plan. It has been stated lately in some of
the journals that the Government has et length resolved, on
the ground of economy, to adopt Mr. Bain's system. We
trust that if, as we have every reason to believe, the improve-
ments announced by M. Arago really form part of Mr. Bog-
gett's patent, no attempt Will be made to deprive him of the
fair commercial advantagee attached to his patented right.
Amongst the recent iniproOments made by Mr. Bain in his
telegraph are a rapid mode of communication from station to
station of railroad, still with a single wire, by which means
many accidents are to be prevented, and-also a very simple
mode of printing by electricity any Government dispatch.
Mr. Wheatstone's apparatus for printing is highly ingenious,
but it is complicated and tedious as compared with the new
mode.
M. Bravis communicated to the Academy some interesting
information on halos and,pazhelions, and on the white rain-
bow. All these phenomena are due to the same cause, viz.,
the refraction of light through water in its different conditions.
The ordinary rainbow due tee refraction through an ordi-
nary clorult -lialbs and ParhelionS, which are images coloured
by the sun dispersed in variable. numbers over two circles
always placed alike, are due to refraction through crystals of
snow: •
A 'Paper was received from M. Leverrier on the last pas-
sage of' Mercury over the disc of, the sun,, This commenced
in Europe on the evening 'of the Bth of May last, and did'
not come to a termination until a late hour of the night, but
was not visible in our hemisphere. This was not the case,
dowdier, in America, where the ,entire . phenomenon was
Leverrier hie received an account of the obser-
vations-made at Cincithati'hy Mr. Mitchel, and has verified
the , correctness of them by the tables of Mercury which he
published recently. '
.•A letter was received from M. Martin de Moussy of Monte
Video, stating that, he perceived two tails, detached from each
oth4r-to'tlie'comet of 1845. •
111.tertrillon inforMed the Academy that he had invented
a peirfectinachine far.' Polishing lookingeglasses with much
gredter effect than is now the case.
:I,l'bere!were great many Medical communications towards
the dose of the sitting, amongst them was one by M. Sedille,
of Strasburg; on the anapastie treatment,_ in.eancer, which.
ike, states to-haVe been Very successfdl.
11f. Vietdde; a PliyOmfan of
,lqarlifuhe, "gives the result of
some experiments on the_ reqpiretiiin of. man ,under, different
circirmtkreiltek Audit Affehdt tours of -the day, but we do
not find in it much that is new, the Aedre ,sebject, thaving
been treatallittriat'lnkth in a communication which was
made to the Ac,M, my several menths. ago.. The - writer:
,states' that the respirations arc increased in the, proportion of
,1,7.2 upon 14 per minute'rifter eating: lle adds,, that the
, proptntion of carboic acid giy-cn out bY the lungs is Almost
Instantly Ililiniftied'aft6edrfnkin4epirituous liquors, and that
this continues for nearly twe'hours.
A mate-Was received from M. Pierre, in winch be states
that the disease and 'death of animals are Attributable to
the same cause—the parasilisrh'hf worMilGetlignoesi.
eo . •
•

ISEASE" OF-"*THE 'POTATO .XN
BELGIUM ASIY.EINTULAND.
At this moment, when the disease of the potato in
'various districts in England seems to be rapidly spread-
ing, the following paper on the subjeetwill be read with
extreme interest . ; ••
A general disease, as our --readera are perhaps aviar'7'
has attacked the'potatoei Iti'Belgitini, and it seems that
the crop of that first-rate necessary eSculent is .very
seriously endangered COfintry. The disease
..,aid to threaten also the Potato Crop in certain parts.ef
.Fratiee. We repUblish, theref .re, the advice which M.
Atorrr, professor of Agriculture in thelJniversity
Ling . has Odreallikitto. the,publio,, in. a-letter in thi.
l'ideriendence, a Brussels paper. M. Morrell, after saying
that the evil had prev.alled.intßelgiuta -forseveral years;
though to a loss alarming degree, proceeds
The real cause of' thesdvil Wm- fliegtis; or sort or
mushroom, a Mouldering wirfehlhit teiiriied will classify
iindel their genus botrydis, but which, agriculturists,, or
withoht fureffeir sotiiiii,tioh, win call a; spot, a blemish,
blotches, and which theiwillattribete, some to humidity.
and sine to dryness..-some anbad wind come from
Franct, and some t) insects. It is not, however, matter
of indpfference to know :the . true cause of the pheno-
*non, for that knowledge will put 'us in 'theivay of
diminshing or destroying the evil, if it is possible.
"For some time-I have been following, day by, day,
and step,by step, theprogreSS .by 'keeping
my observation fixed on semi kaki fields. The disease
decidedly begins with the leaust,aecl the top of the
leaves; I have even 'seen Ae.tsileSsters.: and fruit attacked
first. A part of the green tissue, however, loses its hug
'and quickly,terns.to yellow; the.spot soon becomes more
at the bottom,
_ and it is always at the lower surface
(it•the leaf,Ar on the fruit that, a whitish down makes its
" ire
appearanceai ft) day or othe4layof hut `Ond .after the
formation of the yellow spot. By applying the micro-.:
scope, yott theirsee that thiydoymproced
k*cial a'fungui,
skr, amids the numerous
.hairs that cover the iritsee,pittle,of, the )44-.of.the potato.
-.••" This reitshi•oeth,is.of.t4e sal:ea:WM:aye but it breeds
amazingly, and re re end* 7iitetelf•by"thousands.Its
stems are formed of litgestrtught hallow threads, which'
bear on thoir *Awaits one or:lgnore rathes always di`:Afed into two, and at the end of these" *ltches repro-
dkictive, bodieiwate found, which' have tffefoila of
litlf which have the form of a nyllimetzel, in size, end :vs'e;=,
!Ass. It will be said that this ks e'vey4o.4lY,_,y
ou to dp
~sn.much 'initehitt'bberatigivg.° that- the itch is not disease 'less to be pay& 4eAllas,,A4le-acarewhichr.pe a.
e,.
;Ames it' can be aratotilliq the ala,Uf tile microscope,
'After the formation of :,the • Vert, and the
delelOpinentAC thct 440-di5....00,. the leaf of the 'potath;
'the 'stalk -receives the deleterious 'influence, Here'
-arid therfkata ,epidermis turns . brown; and bracken's
And following. with the'' Misirtosteffe 'the Phitse'of
it byithe rind that the evil, you perceive that •,..
attacked. The morbid agent carries its,action from the.
.rind on to the epiderrniS, and though,the epidermis does
not always disclose mushrooms, it is not theless for that -
istruck with death. Whoevel.has notions
Of vege.
table physiology will easily ucilerstand these effects.
sap modified into living J into vegetable blood,
is formed in the loaf, when it descends by the rind
the stem and the root. Here this sapis diseased, it
carries death ; it bears the poison of the leaf to the stern,;
and the latter perishes. Indeed, as soon as the black
spots show themselves on the stems; the leaves dry ..
,
madie ; they fall to the ground prOPagath?g, Unfortu-
nately, the source of the Oil, or depositing its germs in
the'earth.- presently point out means of stopping
th isr fatal' communication.
"The infection soon descends into, the tobercule it-
self. If the disease follows, its course, the tubercule
mortifies forthwith. A potato is not a root but a real'
branch, whence it follows that it'qubercule contains
a marrow, which is the *stable 'part to be preferred,
and a separate rind • between the marrow and the
rind, there 'is a zone of vessels, %ilah represent wood.
This construction is app:n,r2nt to any. one Who choolPs
to cut a fhiti'llslice of Fotatoe, and :place it between
his eye and daylight. The infection ,attacks that
part whiih on
,reseiNes the sal) its e I
escont that
part by which the mi,ebid agent has itself CO/110
down. When a potato is attacked, y, ,u perceive
series of hvidi, brows,. or vel4oiv-spots,. aometiiiii's grey"
and blackish, and the series extends over the whole of
the ligneous zone. By following the progress of the
evil upon a great ptimbpr of tainted tnhercules, I have

.. . .
! . .
been able to gee how the evil, by one continuous progress,
nt:langthclkehei thri liefiliifielf of the 'potato, and cor-
rupts the vegetsble entirely. . The skin of the diseased
potato .c.'mes off eily ; the flesh no longer cracks
tinder t e knife, a fiataiTt liquid drips frotujise potato,
a musts , and pres,,P!l,4utrinitnal smell; analogous to the
smell of mushrooms recently cut manifMs itself, and
occasions considerable nausea. The very animals re=
fuse to eat of a food that may be considered as hurtful
as deleterious mushrooms themselves.
" As soon as the . inside of the potato has mortified,
three days at the utmost are sufficient for the botrydit
to make its Way to the exterior. The white ( fluorescence
shows itself-in:the eyea,of the. Q,b,eretiler,-and then it
spreads itself like little tvhite"fleeces upon the surface
• that-irrortnclish at first,- bat 'which finishes,by.invading
the whole of the tubercule ; then. the potatuo iti '1M0._,,,,,.
._,,,,,. • -.• ..: ,
gether:destr9yed.'

,
" The etitilleging' traced lo its SOMTP, 'the cultivator
must dirpghia'attect ion to the destruction of the fungus
Or nauairoona, for it is unfortunately but too true that
all the parasites of this genus once introduced into a
country, Mnaiq there and propagate. This year the
epidemy has been general ; the' germs that exist every-
where ;--thousands and thousands of Propagules, if their
numbers are not dirßipiShed", by times, will next year be
attacking the pfants,.imd •it will then .be more difficult
than ever to eradicatevthe scourge:'
~,
"It is essential to :adopt the, folloWitigprecautions :-
4 "-1; When, then': the leaiies ,are decidedly spoilt, cut
them down• forthwith and burn theiti on the spot, in-
stead of taking them away. The ashes may serve to be
scattered on „the 40i1,,' „ /A.-collecting them; shake them
as little as possible. I have seen Ivitfr• regret cultivators
cut down the diseased leaves and keep them in heaps on
the field, or throw them over thediedges. It is preserv-
ing the sFoprge fiar,tbA foilowing•year.
" 2dlv.* When certain. varieties or certain localities
are free trona' the scourge, at the time of the harvest, it
is always prudent to burn the leaves, for a field may
appear secure from the botrydis when it is not so ; se-
veral leaves are attacked ; these leaves throw the pro-
pagules on to the tubercules which, being preserved
for purposes of reproduction, will spread the plant the
following year.
" 3dly. If the tubeicules themselves are attacked, it
is essential to take them out of the earth, and to
speedily choose amongst them, which is an easy pro-
ceeding, for habit soon enables one to distinguish be-
tween the tubercles that are tainted and those that are
not. The tubercules that are still sound must be turned
to account as soon as possible, for they are not noxious
so long as the rind does not become yellow. The smell
alone is sufficient to indicate the development of the
disease. The diseased tubercutes must be burnt.
" 4thly. In order to obviate the disastrous conse-
quences of a scanty harvest, it would be important to
adopt in our country the practice now prevalent in Scot-
land of cultivating potatoes during winter.
" sthly. As it is infinitely probable that the tuber-
cules which will be preserved for putting in the ground
will be infected with the spawn of the mushroom, it
would be advisable, by means of the Government or in
' the course of commerce, or in some way or another, that
' our 'cultivators should have at their dispasal for re-
production tubercules perfectly pure and non-infected,
and in that respect the potatoes of Pennsylvania or of
Ireland would snit us extremely. The present scourge
is unknown in these two countries. You must be aware
of the German potatoes,. in which the high gangrene,
the crispure, and the ulceration of the tubercules are but
too apparent. The occasion of the proposed importation
on a lame scale should be seized to introduce into our
country the varieties the most useful to our soil.
6thly. Should the agriculturists persist in using for
re-production the tubercles harvested in the country this
year, it will be necessary to submit the tubercles to the
agency of linie, as is practised with wheat, barley, oats,
and all plants that are liable to the invasion of parasiti.
cal bodies. The process ought to be by the immersion
of the tubercles, because a study of the botrydis shows
that it is the eye of the pototo. a point that is most
often sunken in, that is attacked. The lime-water should.
therefore, bathe this lethiferous eye; 25 kilogrammes
(501h5.) of lime, a quarter of a pound of sulphate of
copper, and three kilogrammes (6 lbs.) of marine salt,
for twenty-five liters (quarts) of water, constitute a pre-
paration, the utility of which in the destruction of para-
site plants has been recognised by a great number of well-
informed cultivators. •
" ithly. In the plantations, whether of the winter of
1845 or of the spring of 1846, it is essential to plant
with potatoes only such districts as are as far as pos•
Bible removed from the districts annually infected; for
it is clear that the chance of transmission by the pre-
servation in the soil of the spawn of the mushrooms
is much greater in plantations that are close to each
other than when the plantations are at a greater
distance.

" Bthly. When M. de Martins 'visited Belgium and
investigated, in our different provinces, the state of
our potatoes, he informed me, in one of his interest.
ing conversations, that the cultivators on the banks
of the Rhine had observed that the dry gangrene
attacked oftener the potatoes planted in the afternoon
than those planted in the morning, and he explained
the phenomenon by a very simple fact. When the
sun has passed the meridian, the heat of the coatings
of air is at its maximum; this heat accelerates the
vitality of the plants; their propagales float about
more easily in a dilated air; theinseets, in their flight,
disperse more easily a mass of little bodies of which the
atmosphere is the vehiculum, an-I the dissemination of
these germs is then at its maximum too. , The cultivator
is then in the very midst of this atmosphere, and the
potato which he is planting has to go through it too ;
the potato gathers on to it the spawn, which is thus
sown with it, and there then happens to the potato,
what happens to the corn that has not been submitted to
the action of lime-water—namely, that the poison grows
with the plant, and at a later period attacks it and kills
it. Cultivators, consequently, would do well to plant
theirpptatoes inihe morning.
" 9thly. The use of lime and of marine salt with a
slight Mixture of sulphate of c-'pper, is, as I have already
said, of acknowledged efficacy in the destruction of the
germs of parasite plants.. Consequently, to powder over
with such a mixture a soil that his been planted with
disesied potatoes, is a good operation for destroying in
that land the germ of the scourge. The operation ought
to be strongly-recommended everywhere.
lordly. The
.preserving ot the potatoes that shall
have escatied.the
scourge this year, in cave!, cellars, &c.,
4411 certainly-be to deposit the spawn of the mishronm
'in those very places. The cellars must be thoroughly
leaned, and scoured WWl' lime, which will destroy the
seawn4 and,then.scattering- Hain or ground coal on the
soil where the tubercles have been spread, will conclude
the series-of Pperationi, the most rational end the most
certain for destroying, if it is possible, the evil at-its
root.

" Membereo " CH. MORREN,
f the BoyalAeademy of Sciences, &C., Ste.
" Leige, Aug. 18, 1845."

THE ARMY.--POATSM6uTH OCT. s.—The 68th
Regiment of Foot (Durham Light Infantry), under the cora-
Mand of Lieutenant-Colonel Lord William Panlet, was in-
. spected on Saturday at Portsmouth,'hy MajorGerieral Hon.
Sir Hercules Pakenham who expressed himself highly gra-
tified with its interior arrangement in guarters, and its steadi-
ness and precision in the field... The Major-General and his
'.taff dined *lthltfe-"officers in the Colewort Barracks. Capt.
Phipps' commlny,ig.qffarterea at Tipner Point (Ordnance
'station) ; Captain 4`Beath's, at-FOrt Monckton; and a de-
.thehment of thirty 'men, under 'Ensign Lord Minton, at
Marchwood (Ordnance.station),•near Southampton.
FATAL EFFECTS 01, QUACKERY.—On Saturday-
'afternpon Mr. Baker heldah inquest at the Fountain, James-
'Street, Green-street, Bethnal-green, -on the view of the body
of Mary Anne Price Maddox, aged ten. years, the daughter
'of weavers living in James-street, -who was alleged to have
.1110 from the improper administration of herbs as medicine.
Tt -appeared that the deceased had been in a good state of
health till last Sunday week, when her mother was advised
tilgo to a herbist, named Mellett, residing in the same street.
He prescribed Some pills, which were composed of a red and
white powder, and gave a quantity of herbs, which she was
to' boil in a quart of water, and which was to be re-
duced to a pint and a half. Of this she was to drink as
ifilich as she pleased. - Deceased, however, derived no benefit.
The sickness which first affected her, and for which the pills
and herbal drink had been administered, remained. The
mother again
.ealled upon-Mr. Kellett, who recommended the
same stuff. Deceased died on Monday morning last, and on
a postmortem examination by Mr. Smart, surgeon, Cambridge-
heath, deceased was: found to have died from an ulceration
of the greater portion of the lower intestines, which had been
brought on by typhus feriee.•,,The,Coroner having cautioned
,114,nfothlr against applying t 6 -quack mediCines, observed,_
that. had her child-received-proper medical assistance it
iflight have beenAlten alive. :Verdict,'" Naturanleith.”.
,•• THE NAige,UARD STEAMEILi.,-011 her way from
Glasgo* to"Dublia this 'ateamer went -ashore in a fog near
Belfast tough. After remaining aground for about three
hours, ishe floated, O'ff, :without, we are happyto say,' any
Accident. She lift Dublin for Cork -at nine o'cloek• last
evening, and arrived at Passage to-day, after g splendid run
of .fifteen hours from Dublin, against a strong head wind.—
,corh, sdutherit Rep', tee , , . • ,
'BRAINTREE FAIR:This important 'fair was "'held
On'Thursday and Friday last, and as respects the supply of
Stock of most descriptions;"sing' thd 'lnsiness ,done, the ac-
counts that have reached us are Of.the most favourable cha-
racter. The number of sheeptuid.lambs -exceeded the supply
of any fermeryear, nearly 120,000 -being penned ; there was
also a fair average number of bußocks in'the fair ;"and and the
-4vhOle' were -in, 'very "exc'ellent condikjOit horses
there , was a full sirpply„.clganding a —larger number
iii usial of very;s4perfee,:eget„ colts.: -The attendance,
tab," of repeefible buyers was -nunierouspeespecially on
'Thursday,. .and large! ”purchases- -were- 'made 'at good,.
liMeed at considerably advanced rates which contrasted
favourably with the low prices produced by the panic on the
tariff in 1842. Friday Morning Wag wet and unfavourable,
'and consequentlythere was a smaller attendance of buyers,
-but still he rates a the previous day were well maintained,
and a considerable deal of business was transacted. The
supply of' hops, generally an important feature at this fair,
avas,Dowing- to the backwarkness of the season, smaller than
was ever seen there befare ; in fact, the picking not being
overver3- few conld be Lagged in time to send to this mart.
For 'those that were pitched, from 81.8 s. to 9/. per cwt. was
;asked, but few sales were effected at this rate, many being ofopi-
nion, notwithstanding the unfavourable reports from some of
the large hop-growing districts of the kingdom, that these
prices will not be maintained. This was the first fair held
since the alterations at the Hyde Farm, and the making of
the new arrangements; and a correspondent states there
were complainta amongst some of the large dealers that the
space purchased and fenced in for the stock is much too con-
fined; for should the fair increase at the ratio it has done for
the last twenty years, it will soon be literally crammed.
The space -allotted to the horses, he says, was much com-
plained of as insufficient; and he adds, a hope is expressed
that'the new proprietors of the manor will purchase
the ground for the purpose before it is,occiip 3
buildings,'lnof jed t,
se6heiriftgef,maiden.t of the fair far more
difficultwhich would
de
xrepenndsei sr-e. tire'-7

BEVALEY Boßouoit -REGISTRAITION:--The revising
for this borough took place-Mt Weanesday last, in the town-
hall,:before J. Wharion; Esq., the barrister: W. F. Clark.,
very ably stipported the Liberals, and E. W.•Silister; -Esq.,
the Tories. The following is the result of the revision:—
Liberal freemen struck off, Tory ditto 7; Liberal bous2-
holders struck off, 4; Tory ditto, 10.—Liberal gain, 10.-
lull4dvertiser,

FLOODS IN THE NORTH.
NEWPASTLE-ON.TY.NE, SATURDAY.—A great. quan-
tity of rain has . fallen in this district within the last
few days,' which 114 -swelien the rivers, and done
considcre,ble damage .to property in-their margins.
On Thursday the rain descended in 'torrents all day,
and yesterday the-Type, -at.high water in the afternoon
overflowed itS banks . for-,
,several miles, covering all the
low grotindi near .11exham and Newburn, carrying away
the corn produce- of several fields is stock, and doing
serious injury to -the potatoe and .turnip crops. The
quay at. Newcastle was covered with water, and the
cellars-in the neighbourhood completely inundated.
•Datiing.the ebb tide the current was_. so strong as to
Catty Cray iii7e:riffii,p,,,,pl* from, theirmoorings and the
atilong the shipping. in the- harbour was
very extensive. The Ocean brig-was driven on,the :Herd
Sands, antVtliegea 13'bl-baking 'dyer her a such manner
that it feared she will become a total wreck. The
David,of Y,armoutis, had -her- mainmast carried
mate of
and the Dover steamer lost her foremast. Tile thate.of the
A.Vlantic,Jof- Shields: W:4 killed by,the breaking of a warp,
and the 13/psktiatiianier was driven against the Brig John
with such-violence-este stavein her quarter,'.and #.l2(i: Was
only kept limn sinking ii!h.,flie.'kreateit difficulty, her
funnel bring also cartieslA.way. It is impossible at presen t
to,e,llllMerAtc....theeasualties-t be t have.ocetrteetkiii-!,the ex-
lent -of damage is not 'ytt,f4ity:agOrtaineir.• . The. Liar-
hour was a .pontlef e sceneOflconfusion, from the vessels
adrift'; several wherries were sunk,- and indeed it-was
impossible .for a small boat." tO Ifre:";l3liicilice boat
had as-nartsiw-escito; aving just got out between-two
vessels, wheu,they avers( driven-togetherwith great vio7
A'kreat number •-of bowsprits have !keit:broken,
and,an immense pild Ot braten warps` has been collected
in Young's-dOckyard by' the police, who are protecting it
till claimed by the owners.
.The ebb-tide to-day has brought down large quanti-
ties of hay and corn, a cow, several sheep, and a horse,
and from these indications, it is apprehended . the da-
mage done. in the west, of which only very partial
accounts have been received her. is very great.
The Blaydon station of the Newcastle and Carlisle
Railway was knee-deep in water ; and the line for
several miles was covered.'
The garden grounds about Hexham are still under
water, and it is feared that the entire potato crop in
those places will be destroyed.

FATAL ACCIDENT AT WOOLWICH.—Henry Ball,
a drummer attached to the band of the Royal Marines, was
was drowned on Saturday evening, near Charlton pier,
Woolwich; and the body was first observed by one of the
convicts employed at the west end of Woolwich dockyard
yesterday forenoon, and taken charge of, that a Coroner's
inquest might be held upon it. It appears the boy had left
his residence, in Frances-street, Woolwich, to proceed by the
last boat up the river from Charlton pier, to join some of his
companions; and he was observed in the fbre part of the
vessel, by a female passenger, playing with a rope imme-
diately after leaving the pier, and while doing so he over-
balanced himself, and fell into the river. The female imme-
diately acquainted the Captain of the Nicbcl Woolwich
steam-packet of the circumstance, and he backed the vessel
hnd remained near the spot for about ten or fifteen minuos;
but the body did not rise to the surface, which renders it pro-
bable that the deceased had been stunned in passing under
the paddle •wheels.
AMSTERDAM, OCT. 3.—The English steamer,
Rapid, which recently commenced running between Har-
lingen and London, was towed back to the Helder, on the
29th ult., in a damaged condition, and with six feet of water
in the hold. It had on board 75 cows, 15 of which were
drowned or otherwise killed. The last arrivals at the Texel
were the Thomas and Joseph, from Newcastle; the Clara
Dorothea, the Paragon, the Shencliffe, and the Isis, from
Sunderland; and the Jantina Hendrika, from Hull. The
number of passengers on the so-called Dutch Railway,
for the month of September, was 67,264. The receipts
amounted to 69,411 florins. The Hague papers announce
the sudden death of Herr C. de Bordes, commander of the
order of the Dutch Lion, and Attorney-General in the High
Council of the Netherlands.

EASE IN WALKING,
ILLIAM BADDELEY, of 130, STRAND,
is induced to give publicity to his much-admired PRE-
PARED LEATIIER (so noted for extreme SOFTNESS and
DURABILITY), in consequence of the patronage he has received,
and the general satisfaction given by him in manufacturing the above
Into BOOTS, &c., on his peculiar fitting principle of combining
elegance with ease. An extensive assortment of best made articles
always ready on sale. Established In 1767.
No. 130, Strand, corner of Waterloo-bridge, London.