The Sun.
London, England, 1821-08-27 00:00:00

REPORT.

FIRST LINE.—The Head of the Grand Marsh to the Gaspeztu.
This line is represented on the Plan as A. B. commencing at
Long Lake situate about six and a half miles E.N.E. of Point
Au-lac. Long Lake is a mile and a half in length ; from 20 to
40 chains wide ; from five to twelve feet deep : it empties by a
branch of the Au-lac, called La-coup. From this Lake to the
Bay of Fundy, there would be no difficulty in cutting a small
canal, that would drain this and the neighbouring Lakes. The
level is seven feet two inches at high water in the mouth of
Aulac, higher than the water in Long Lake. From the upper
end of this Lake, we took our course, E. 12 N. or N. 78 E.
through a thicket of thorny, scrubby, deformed spruce trees.—
The ax men were fatigued in advancing one mile in six hours.
The rise of the first mile was nine feet; the soil, cold white
dry clay. The next seventy chains, we rose nine feet, with
mixed timber : the soil poor, cold, but level, arid no obstruc-
tion to the spade. The same soil continues to the third mile,
• to a hill eighteen feet in perpendicular height on the surface of
which large rocks lay scattered, but all moveable : the soil; a
red clay. This hill may be avoided by the line bearing a few
rods further north ; although it would be swampy.
From this hill we descended twenty-one feet to Allen's biook,
and thrice intersected this stream ; thence ascending-a hill se-
venteen feet ten inches high (the brook turned off to the north-
ward) it hit the lower part of Gaspereau River. From the last
hill to high water in Bay Verte, the depression was twenty-
three feet,seyen inches. But the objections being very strong
against the Gaspereau as an outlet to the Canal, our examina-
tion was not particular after leaving Allen's Brook.
Thus the abov.e line will appear :
From Au-lac to the head of Long Lake, 497 chians, N. 30 E.
From Long Lake, to Gaspereau River, 557 chains. N. 76 E.'
Consequently the whole line *ill run 962 chains, N. 55 E.
Waters in Bay Verte highest by two feet, one inch.
GASPE REA u RIVER being particular; y' mentioned in the Re-
solution of the House of Assembly,
.renuersit of sufficient emir
sequence to require a plan and description, otherwise a single
view exposed to us its incapacity. The distance between the
lands forming its entrance, is fifteen chains ; the breadth of the
river at high water; four chains ; the channel is one chain
wide. The zonflueuce of its waters at low, tide; with, those of ,

At the entrance of the aiantiel there is scarcely. ant water ‘:
indeed at times it is dry. 'ln the river there is a spot of ten
feet, but its average depth-is five... Oyster-beds choke the pas-
sage to this river, and may, in low tides, be seen bare. The
tides flow six feet and a half,'at the highest._
On the south-west side of: Gass pereau entrance, stands the
ruin of an old French fort, ;nor Fort Alonkton ; the trench is
yet visible.
Gaspereau winds up, probably fourteeh or sixteen miles; the
water is almost still.

SECOND LINE.--Missiguaili to Tignish.
Missiguash River' lies about a mile and a half south of Fort
Cumberland, and two miles south-eastward of Au-lic RiVer.--
The ebb in common tides, drains the channel of its waters; and
leaves the bed nearly .dry ; but in spring tides, quite so.—
When the waters are highest, there is twenty-seven feet depth,
and the width may be one hundred and twenty feet. The bot-
tom is composed of sand and mud.; at, or rat:r:r ontzide,
mouth, the flats are formed of rocks and

A north-east line crosses the River in its various turnings and
windings, (for it is exceedingly crooked) as films the tide is al-
lowed to ascend, about a mile and two-thirds, to the Aboid'eau
opposite Mr. Roach's farm.
The western bank near the entrance, is charged with water,
and full of holes and ponds.
The sluice of the lower Aboid'eau admits through it the tide,
which is again stopped at the bridge that forms part of the road
from 'Westmorland to Amherst. The distance between the two
Aboid'eaus is forty chains.
At the lower one, the River may be sixty feet wide and twenty-
two deep ; at the bridge, forty by twenty-six. Thence, rts
former bed courses from side to side of the meadow about three
miles; where it branches, and' sinks below the mossy surface.—
Most of the distance the water is stagnant.
About twenty chains above the trace of the brooks, a series of
lakes, small, large,, narrow, wide, alternately extend to the
E.N.E. and continue lip, under the portage bridge, terminat-
ing about fifteen chains N.N.W. of it. The road crossing to
Bay Verte from Westmorland, leads over it. These Lakes are
from five' to seven feet deep, and their banks arc a floating
morass.

Other bodies of water lie on the eastern side of Fort Law-
rence marsh, five miles above the entrance of Dissiguash.
Four miles from the Bay, the marsh is comparatively firm
and dry, although very insufficiently drained, and its average
width seven-eighths of a mile.
The total length of Point de Bute marsh is nine miles ; five
of which is a floating surface, with barely a sufficient buoyancy
to support men. A-pole will pierce twelve or fourteen feet, and
a blueish thin mud adheres to it. _

After the fifth mile, the meadow widens to a long mile, and
at the sixth; through to the Fort Lawrence marsh.
Nine and a half miles, reached the woodlands ; the last half
mile was a sunken bog, through which the party with difficulty
waded.

The depreision of the first mile was seventeen inches ; the
second, fifteen ; the third, fifteen ; the fourth, eight ; the fifth,
twelve; the sixth, eighteen; equal to seven feet, one inch. '
It was with difficulty any place could be found sufficiently
solid to place the instrument. The chainbearers and ax men
were wading. to their middles. The legs of the instrument
pierced the surface, and sunk to the horizontal circle. The
whole beneath appeared a floating mud.
• To avoid the wood and keep the plain as long as possible, we
inclined to the south-eastward, through a swamp on which grew
a stunted scattered spruce. This continued a short mile, and
about a quarter wide. Thence for a mile and a quarter, we
rose twenty-two inches ; the bottom continuing swampy, with
holes of stagnant water.. Red earth here and there shewed it-
self beneath the moss and roots and brush. _

The tenth mile brought us to the plain, without a tree or
shrub, but 'covered with deep cold moss : soil, a sandy white
clay. The highest level of the plain stands eight feet above
the sea. Thence the land fell feet, and rose again as we
entered the woods. The line continued through the easy risings
or inequalities, the highest of which, between the Bay of Fundy
and Tignish River, was thirty-one feet above the sea at high
water.

The marsh, as before stated, continued—
Solid
. . . . . 4.5 miles.
Floating moss" . . . 5 miles.
Morass • • . . 0.5 miles.
' Bog . . . . . 0.6 miles.
Cariboo plain . . • ' 0.0 milei.
Spruce plain 1 mile.
• • •
Hills, valleys, &c. . . 3.6 miles.
The whole distance run by the courses, offsets and zig-zags
includ •cl, is sixteen miles. The nearest line will not exceed 14 ;
and that of the proposed Canal, eleven hundred and sixty
chains, or fourteen miles and a half.

•
ADDITION TO TIT SECOND LINE.
On the East side, opposite the point that divides the Rivers
Tantamar and Au-lac, an indent or bend appears, favourable
for an entrance ; and the ground is every way suited for the
formation of Channels, Locks, and Docks. If the point de
Bute marsh should be determined on, one mile length, added
to the Canal, would secure vessels from all the dangers and in-
conveniencies pointed out in the next page.—From this en-
ranee it would take the course to Valiere Island.; and round-
ing the foot of the mound on which stands Fort Cumberland, it
will join the Second Line at E. and continue as before directed.

OBJECTIONS AGAINST CUMBERLAND CREEK.

The Dyke and Aboid'eau have choked the bed of Cumber-
land Creek, both on the marsh and the slope of the Bay, and it
now forms part of the solid marsh, or nearly so. The firmness
of the meadow contiguous to the above gully, drew my atten-
tion, as best suited for the mouth or entrance of a Canal. Had
not many obstacles afterwards presented themselves, no place
on the whole meadow coda have been more favourable.—
Satisfied with these apparent advantages of Cumberland Creek,'
I proceeded to examine the channel -of Chignecto, opposite both
the last mentioned places.

In ascending the channel, the mud and quicksand flats, ex-
tending from Menudie, confine the deep water along the western
shore, to the mouths of Au-lac and Tantemar : thence the chan-
nel turns to •the South-east, and suddenly • becomes foul and
shallow. Large rocks and hard bottom form the bed of the
Bay, opposite the creek and the Missiguash. On these, a ves-
sel drawing eight or nine feet, would bulge at low water spring
tides.

Ships ascending the Bay with south-eastern winds, would
be compelled to anchor ; they could not fetch. Others bound
down, would be delayed by W.S.W. and other winds that
might. lead them down the Bay, if unobstructed by the elbow of
Meriudie flats. A' difficulty would also present itself to vessels
entering theeMissiguash with strong winds ; unless at the top'
of high water, when one or two might enter the mouth of this
River ; even then there would be a great probability of their in-
juring themselves. Yet if the Government shall deem it right
to open communication with one of the places spoken of, it is
perfectly practicable ; and part of the obstacles and obstructions
may be removed, but at a very 'considerable expellee. The
danger of waiting for entry, and the heavy winds, weigh se-
.riously against the measure.
Most Canels are supplied with water from the reservoirs or
bodies collected above the bed of the Canal. The projected
Canal Will receive its accession from the Bay each tide, in any
quantity. Its expense of fluid will be by leakage, and while
the vessels are passing in and out.
The outlet 11 may he used as a set of dry docks, by attach-
ing two additional safety-gates. Indead each cut on the Bay
side, ought to have four pair of gates, made of the cheapest
wood (hemlock). They answer the purpose of safety-gates,
and'may be constructed to ship and unship easily, by the lower
parts being delivered of water, and supplied by air or other-
wise. Thus inflated, they would buoy themselves off their
hinges, or loaded 'with water, assume an erect posture, and be
readily applied to the posts.
The• entrance or cut, communicating with the Basin, must
be twenty-six 'or thirty-two feet deep, to the entrance of the
Basin thirty feet wide at the top, twenty-two at the bottom ;
and angling six degrees equal to four feet each side. The Ba-
sin, fourteen feet deep, and the length and width may be regu-
lated by the -strength of the funds and judgmeptof the Govern-
ment or company : yet as the ground is so favourable near the
Au-lac, a spacious Basin would have many advantages.. The
high winds that 'blow from the westward would injure a wide
body,' by the heavy washing of the waves. A hundred and
sixty feet wide at the top, and a ,hundred below : in length,
frofn fifteen hundred feet or even more.

At the entrance of the two rivers, Au-lae and Tantemar, the
depth at the lowest sprirgs, is from nine to thirteen feet. A

. .
bar crosses at the lower did Of Au-lac point. At the conflue;ce -
of these Rivers the depth is from twentv-four to thirty-five-feet:
In this hole vessels of any size may safely lie afloat : thence up
the AuZic to -the Aboid'-eau is five miles; the bed of the
River, mostly a,soft mud, except one bed of rocks, a mile be.:
low Hewson's, and occasional sand beds. The tide ebbs Out
to within a short mile of the -mouth. Should a cut be made
,here, it will be fiftylfive feet above low water mark at that
. .
The bar is composed of sand,. and after the first forty minutes- -
Ilood, and before the fifth hour of ebb; vessels of any size rutty,,
take shelter in Tantemar. The consideration . alone, of,vesaels
finding sjlelter in approaching' the entrance of a Canal, most in
a great mcaSure govern those who select the line of this interded
communication. .

, Trewrs.l..t -Myth. empties into Bay Verte,, by a tvinding
channel, a mile and three quarters from the .bridge. The depth
varies from eight to fourteen feet at low tides. The bed and
banks of the River are composed of red clay and sand, And- are
.easily.removed or deepened, if necessary. Three-fourthsof a
'mile below the bridge, and one mile from tie river's mouth,
small brook called Smelt; issuing from between the bills,• di-
vides about ten acres of marsh, and joins the river. This is a
convenient and eligible place for An, outlet, furnishing a. suffi-
cient area for a Lasna..d lock, and plv.c.ssing the advantage
of couring the of th4Y higlie.st,lantr, and the chief obstruc-
tion of the whOle line. It might be worthy the deliberate con-
sideration of the Legislature, how far it. yonki. be serviceable or
otherwise, turning the course of thi Tig,nish. 1 merely glance
at the expediency of such a step, feeling the necessity of a more
minute examination of the neighbourhood.
Estimate of the probable expence of cutting the proposed
Canal, from the,Head of the Lay of Fundy to the Unit' St.
Lawrence.
Cuts to drain the lakes and swamps, in the line of the

intended Canal : - _ .
- - -
A Dock or Basin will contain 4,500,000 cubic feet of
earth. to 'be displaced ; which will require the labour
of a hnndred men, a hundred working days ; admit-,
• ting one man capable of excavating five , hUndred
feet each day - - - - - 2,500
Second basin - - - - - - 2,500
Sixteen miles of Canal - - - - 24,000
Clearing the obstructions, and effectually choking the
channels of the Rivers - -
Animal strength ; supporting ditto, &c.

2,000

. 8,000
1,000
- 3,000
- 1,50
-• 5,000
- 2,000

Steam engine - -
Implements—carts, ahovels, axes, picks, harrows
Gates, sluices, masonry for locks, &c. .-
Engineer, four years' attendance, at £5OO per an.
Clerks and Overseers, five ; .at £2OO per annum, four

years - -
Deepening the Channel leading to Bay Verte
Buildings for thebeople, overseers, with workshops,
&c. . 3,000

4,000
5,000.

Total

63,500

I have shewn in the plan, two directions for the Canal, both
favourable to its execution ; the one lying partly in New Brun:,-
wick, and partly in Nova Scotia; the other wholly in New
Brunswick. The labour and expence Would be nearly the
same : and there are natural advantages peculiar to. each. . The
chief of those in the Tignish, is the favourable outlet. But in
the cut to Allen's Creek, the large quantity of thCehoicest Canis
that would by draining be recovered to this` Province, is 'an ob-
ject ofconsideration t THE SALE OF THESE WOULD REVUND
MOST OF THE E,XPENCE. I therefore venture ,to advise the
Government's retaining the lands in thC direction of the con-
templated Canal, as a•measure of good 'policy' and of general
benefit. . •

Two hundred labourers may be employed to advantage. The
labour of the first• year would be chiefly draining. Two-thirds
of the men employed may be'Emigrants,•for whom I suggest a
prospect of a grant in the neighbouring vacant land, that may
be a great stimulus, as they will, in the course of the labour,
grow familiar with that part of the Country. -
The expence of the first year might be limited to ten thou-
sand pounds, unless it should be found expedient to employ
artificers, in which case one half more would he necessary.
Two strong parties of 'axe men may be employed to atv,m-
tage in cutting 60 or 80 feet opening through, from the head (.4*
the Great Marsh to Allen's brook. The timber so felled viight
at the same time be squared, trimmed, and laid apart fOr the
use of the Canal. The estimate of the work, if conducied oh
the scheme I haVe digested, is, in round numbers, sixty-four
thousand pounds. The time. of completing four years. This
estimate of time and cash must not be 'considered definite, as
most of the line was thickly wooded, and a parrot it 'a floating
surface, besides the fluctuation of the vane of jabourf; and
also obstacles that may present themselves, and. cannot be anti—
cipated. Yet lam disposed.to believe that the actual expence
would not be wide of the estimate. •

I have the honour to be, with the highest respect,
Your Excellency's most obedient and very lmnible servant,

A. LOCKWOOD.

The TIDES, in Cumberland Bay and Bason, flow regularly
with great strength. At the full and change of the moon, at
twelve o'clock, the waters are in. All the undiked marshes are
then covered, and the rivers to the Aboid'eau are overflowed by
the extraordinary rise of fifty feet or upwards ; vessels sail over
the flats and. shallows, shortening their route. Should the
Canal be executed, the vast rise of the tides is an advantage
of the first magnitude; an advantage peculiar to the Bay
of Fundy, and an advantage that, if made the most of,
will save a large proportion of expence. The Civil Buhl-
n to be employed on the projection and execution of the
scheme, must, or ought to have a perfect knowledge of the
cAuses, the variations, and the effect of these tides. In Bay
Vert the vertical rise is at most eleven feet, and so much iii-
fluen ed by winds that no calculation can be made as a guide
in the use of them. A heavy northerly wind fills the Bay„a
southerly one empties it with the latter a spring tide rises no
higher than six or seven feet. This it an obstacle that can be
overcome by the application of machines to deepen the outlet,
sutlieLntly to be used in common tides, and almost-under any
circumstances. Many laud proprietors in the neighbourhood
apprehend that by opening the bank of Bay Verte, their
lands would be lost by the general deluge, and that its violence
woltld sweep off the whole of the stock, sheep, cattle, hay, &c.,
and carry all before it, as the water on the eastern side or the
Isthmus is so much higher, than the water of the west. This
needs no comment. .

The levelling was conducted with the minutest care, and the
assistants were Deputies West and Palmer : the operation was
repeated twice, and occupied five days. The result gave the
head of the Missiguash five feet ten inches lower than the' Bay
of Fundy at high water, and nine feet below high water mark
of Bay Verte. Difference, three feet two inches. The high
swing tides of the 'Bay of Fundy, rising as they do five feet
abos e the marshes, make the waters of the Bay of Fimdy at
such periods two feet higher than Bay Verte. The difference
of the tides, that is, half ebb at Bay Verte, when high water in
Au-lac, would cause a fall through eastward, and if- an open
cut was made from sit.e to side, the water would alternately
run from east to west. Locks are essential, and haVe continued
in the contemplation of the projectors.

The Concert on Wednesday night, at Salisbury, (the com-
mencement of the MusiCal Festival) was extremely well 'at-
tended. Among the distinguished company were the Marquis
of Ailesbury, Lord and Lady Arundel, Lord Folkstone and
family, Lady Mildmay, Sir John and Lady Astley, the Bishop
of Salisbury, his Lady and family, Lady Medlicott, the Hon.
Mrs. Harris, Sir J. Burrough's' family,. W. Wytulliarn, 4sq.
M.P. and Lady, &c. &c. . The band, led by Cramer, is-nume-
rously and ably filled. Madame Camporese was in good voice,
and executed her songs very finely. Alm Sahnon was more
enchanting than ever. Ambrogetti was exceedingly diverting
in his buffa songs : the duet " Do Re Mi" with Mrs. Salmon,
was particularly entertaining. Mrs: Salmon aUo elicited the
most unho;lnded approbation in her Recitative (I 1 Pensieroso);
as did also Madame Camporese in the admired Aria " Di
piacer,'.' from Rossini's Opera of La Gazza Ladra. The city
is quite full.
MELANCHOLY ETENT.—Mr. Polidori) residing
in Great Pulteney-street, retired to rest about his usual time
on Thursday night ; the servant not finding him rise at the
usual hour yesterday, went.to his room between eleven and
twelve o'clock, and found hilin groaning, and apparCntly in the
agonies of death, An alarm was given, and medical aid was
immediately called,, but, before_ the arrival of Surgeons Cope
land and Davies, he was no more. llis father was" at the
time on his journey to London to see his son, and 'arrived
about three hours after thet.vent. He is almost in a distracted
state. We understand the deceased was about 26 years of age,
and had for some time accompanied Lord Byron in Italy.