The Sun.
London, England, 1844-05-03 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR. HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.
TUE QUIXN DOWAGEII.—FIer Majesty we are happy Mademoiselle Carlotta Grisi took her benefit. and her
to state is much better. Her Royal Highness the farewell for the season last evening, on which occasion
Duchess of Cambridge arrived at Marlberough House Mozart's chef' erceuore (we are almost inclined to say the
in a pony carriage from her residence at Kew yesterday chef dceuvre opera) 11 Dun Giovanni, was performed for
morning, and visited her Majesty. His Royal Highness the first thee this season. Either of these causes would
the Duke of Cambridge ali'o paid a visit to her Majesty. have been siegly sufficient to have produced a crowded
The following bulletin was issued yesterday : •-; house ; as it was -the house was an overflowing one, by
" The Queen Powager has passed a good night, and . far the most crowded house of the season. Crowds
beg Majesty is advancing satisfactorily to recovery. besieged the doors long before they were opened—the
" Marlborough House, " DAVID DAVIES. crush was terrific—within ten minutes after they were
" May 2, 1844. "ROBERT HEAT E." opened the pit and gallery were crowded to suffocation,
The -inquiries at Marlborough House yesterday, on and at the commencereent of the overture there was not
the part of the Diplomatic Corps and the Nobility and .-a box or a still unoccupied. The cast of the opera was
Gentry, were very numerous. h the same as last year, with the exception of the charac-
,
.Tne DLCaEss OF GLOUCESTER.—Her Royal Highness ter of Donna Elvira, which was last evening sustained
pasted a good night en ‘‘'ednesday night, and we are by Mademoiselle Favanti. She gave her opening
happy to state is going on very favourably. Their scene With admirable etrect, and sang most carefully
Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and excellently in the converted pieces. The trio " Pro-
-visited their Illustrious Relative at Gloucester House tegga it giusto cielo" in the first act was exquisitely
yesterday. The Duchess of Cambridge afeerwards pro- given by Grisi, Mario, and herself, and its repetition was
seeded to her residence at Kew. loudly called for. It is clear that Favanti does not trust
alone to her wonderful powers of voice—her careful
execution of Mozart's beautiful music proves that she is
studying diligently and practising assiduously ; let
her go on in this course and the day is not far distant
when she will achieve for herself a position in her pro-
fession which the proudest might envy. Grisi's Donna
Anna was a magnificently impassioned piece of actieg.
Nothing could exceed the intensity with which she gave
the words "E it cainefice del padre mie "—and the air
which immediately follows it, " Or sai chi Ponore " in
which she urges her lover to revenge her father's death.
Fornasari is more at home in the Don than lie was last
season, he was then rather too studied—probably from
the part being new to him ; last night, however, he had
the character completely within his grasp, and threw a
degree of reckless abandonment into the part, which told
most effectually. He rattled off the " Finche dal vino"
in admirable style, while in the " Lc ci darem la mano,"
in which he was admirably supported by Madame Per-
siani, as Zerlina, he seemed the very soul of tenderness
and love ? What shall we say of the glorious Leporello
of Lablache. It was perfect from the first scene to the
last ; whenever he was on the stage the audience was on
the titter—audiences at her Majesty's theatre being in
general too genteel •0 indulge in a hearty laugh. La-
blache, however, not unfrequently forced them to set eti-
quette at defiance, and to indulge in a hearty roar at his •
inimitable drolleries. He is decidedly the first buffo in
the vforld. Frederick Lablaehe, as Masetto, showed him-
self the worthy son of a worthy sire. Indeed, if
his Masettte. had not been- good, it would have .been
unpardonable, seeing he had Madame Persiani for his
Zerlina. Nothing could exceed the beautiful and arch
simplicity with which she acted the coquettish country •
maiden, and her clear, silvery voice did ample justice to
the beautiful music of Mozart. Her "Ba:ti Batti, 0 bel
Mas.sto" was decidedly the gem of the opera, and, as a
matter of' course,. it was rapturously encored. Exquie
sitely; too, did she sing the beautiful cavatina in
the second act " Vedrai caring." There was an air
of archness mingled with tenderness about her manner
Of giving this dmicious air, which told most effectively.
Mario made a spirited Don Ottavio, and his last cavatina,
"11 mio tesoro,' was given with exquisite tenderness
and pathos, and the audience were so delighted that, at
its conclusion they called for him twice to come forward
to receive their plaudit,. The orchestra, under the direc-
tion of Costa, gave the overture magnificently, and cer •
tainly it is impossible for the chef d'oeuvre of Mozart to
be more effectively given as a whole than it was last
evening. Between the first and second act, Carlotta.
Grisi and Perrot danced, and the ballet of La Esme-
ralda concluded the evening's entertainments. The fair
beneficiare was welcomed most rapturously when she
first made her appearance, and, after every dance bou-
quets in profusion were showered upon her by her ad-
mirers. Immediately after the conclusion of the ballet,
we understand, she left for the terminus of the South-
Eastern railway, where a special train was in waiting
to convey her to Dover, as she is under an engagement
to appear at the opera in Paris to-morrow evening.
Great credit is due to Mr. Lumley, for the spirit with
which has made these arrangements, in order tai gratify
his patrons with one more performance of La Esn.eralda,
by delaying the departure of Carlotta Grisi to the last
moment. The h,use continued crowded until the con-
clusion of the ballet.

The Queen and Prince Albert took their daily walks
in the Royal Gardens of Buckingham Palace yesterday.
nis Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by
Colonel Wylde, Equerry in Waiting, rode out on horse-
baek, yesterday forenoon.
The Royal F,lmily were taken airings yesterday, in
the Royal Gardens.
The Royal dinner party at Buckingham Palace, yes-
terday evening, included his Highness the Prince of
Oettingen Wallerstein, the Duchess of Bucch uch, the
Marquis and Marchioness of Nornianby, the Marquis of
Douro, and the Earl of Aberdeen.
The Health of Towns Commi,sion sat yesterday after-
noon at Gwydyr House, Whi!eliali. The Commissioners
resent were the Duke of Buccleuch, the Earl of
incoln, Mr. Robert Aglionhy Slxney, Mr. George
Graham, Sir Henry Thomas De la Beche, Mr. David
Boswell Reid, Mr. Richard Owen, Hunteriau Professor
cif the College of Surgeons, Captain Thomas Denison,
Mr. James Ranald Martin, and Mr. James .Smith, or
eaniton.
A Deputation on the suct of viar, ecnsistinn• of
Mr. Charles Pott, Mr. Will bjieam Pott,n eg
Mr. Brandon, Mr.
Barnett, Mr. Weight, and Mr. Payne, had an interview
With the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his.
official residence in Downing-street.
• Mr. Dean, Chairman of the Customs, bad an inter-
with the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone yesterday,
L'ine office of the Board of Trade. Mr. Dean had
an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer
Yesteday,
The Lord Mayor had an interview with Sir Robert
Peel yesterday.
• The Governor of ,the Bank of England and the
Deputy-Governor had an interview with the Chancellor
of the Exchequer yesterday.
The Harbour Commission had a meeting yesterday
afternoon, at Gwydyr House" Whitehall; Admiral Sir
Byiß Martin in the chair.

Air. A. Lanyon had an interview with Lord Stanley
Yesterday, at the Colonial-office.
Mr. John Wood, Chairman of the Excise, had
en interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer
Yesterday.

INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGI-
NEERS.
(THE PRESIDENT IN THE CHAIR.)
APRIL 30.—" A description of the method employed
for repairing a chimney 120 feet high, at Messrs. Cow-
k!r'S cotton-mills, Glasgow," by J. Colthurst, was read.
The means adopted were thus described:—The work-
Man was provided with a broad lether belt, to which was
attached a strong spring hook ; staple-shaped ladder
irons, with flat, jagged ends, were driven into the joints,
one above each other, at intervals of fifteen inches apart,
by the man standing on them in succession, as he
ascended, until he reached the top ; his safety was se-
cured by fixing the spring hook on ti the ladder iron
immediately opposite his waist, which enabled him to
Ilse both his hands when working; a roe e was also
Passed round his waist, and down inside the ladder irons,
to support him in case one of the ladder irons broke, or
came out; he thus succeeded in removing some orna-
mental Iplates of iron which had been loosened by a
atnrol• In descending,, the workman took the ladder
irons Out, one after the other, the wkole operation being
Performed in two days and a half—the total cost, includ-
ing a bonus of 51. to the workman, was only 131.
The first part of a paper, by Mr. William Fairbairn.
en the reduction of the magnetic ores of Samakoff
crurkey), was read. It commenced with reviewing the
levy attempts which had been made towards improving
the
methods of treating the richer iron ores both of Eng-
land and of foreign countries; the great English iron
makers having restricted themselves to using the lean
cat bonates of iron, on account, of the facilities they
offered for working; the great advantages which might
have resulted, both in the quantity and quality, of the
metal
.producel from richer ore have been thus neglected.
It is stated that Mr. Ohanes Dadian, an active and
,!,11'erprising Armenian, in the service of the Sublime
°rte, brought to this country specimens of magnetic
iron ore and of bituminous coal found in the district of
'Rmakboff, in Turkey ; he had them analysed at Paris
and in England, and found that the ore was nearly a pure
9xide of iron containing about 63 per cent. of metal, that
II 'as free from sulphur, arsenic, and other deleterious
matter, and that there was mixei with it about 12 per
vent of silicious earth. .
The ore was described as being found in the form of a
due sand, covering extensive plains, where it had been
deposited to the depth of several feet,` probably by the
salon of water on the mountains around, where a simi-
lar ore existed in considerable masses. In consequence
°t the favourable report of the essayists, and acting on
the advice of Mr. Fairbairn, Mr. Ohanes Dadian deter-
/flitted to persevere in his projects, and his attention
being directed to the process invented by Mr. Clay for
Producing malleable iron direct from the ore, as described
.
Ina, Paper read at the Institution of Civil Engineers,
..ueb.l4, 1843, he secured that gentleman's services to
Z,lndoet some -experiments, and subsequently engaged
tiTito proceed to Turkey, to prosecuie the working of
M.rr`i,,;)re on an extensive scale.
given' "-",aY's report, and that of Mr. Hague, were fully
inltaotdeeso;femt47 contained details of the various ingenious
oyed to work the ore, which, being in the
th floe sand, either fell unmelted through the fuel
to b e bottom of the furnace, or was blown out of the
tl P Y the force of the blast. At length Mr. Clay,
ouuriklng that if the ore could be deoxidized by a previ-
., operation, it would be in a fitter state for fusion in
ear
re blast furnace, submitted it to a practical process, as
e!.s causing it to form into lumps ; in that form it was
„;rIIY fused, and produced cast iron of a peculiarly due-
.l;te, fluid, and yet strong, character, of which specimens
de re exhibited. The success of this plan was consi-
jre'l so complete, that the preparations were imme-
i'atelY commenced for erecting works in Turkey on a
stale,
Incidental to the subject of' the glassy scorie of the
er," frames, Mr. Clay mentioned that he had studied
tilta7,ally the composition of crown glass ; he believed
tne was the first to point out the true atomic charac-
fi the glass ; that its quality depended on the ingre-
"lts t being compounded in certain definite atomic pro-
ort,o,s; and that crown glass was a quinquisilicate of
en,e and soda. He arrived at these conclusions in the
31.141.
trrni,, 1835
,and at the works of Messrs. Chance, at
gham, it was found that, on folowing the rules
of ;aid down, the production of a constant quality
glass was inevitable. He then treated of the pro-
a
uction of optical lenses, and of the make of bottle glass.
l,The Paper then returned to the forms of the furnaces
'o-crsed for working the Turkish iron ore ; the various
u‘les of treating it, and the nature of the fluxes, Szc. ;
thotneeludinF the first part of the paper with the details of
xperiments made upon it at Manchester and at the
4ekbarrow works. The paper was so long, that the
80et,mld part was reserved for the next meeting, the 7th
11 'lay, when the monthly ballot for members will take
Itee• The following papers were announced to be
ka4
stillo • 649 (Second Part)—" On the relative strength,
hother properties, of cast iron from the Turkish and
'enaitite ore- ." b W Fairbairn, M. Inst. C. E.
X() ' Y.
eo,‘ • Description of a pair of iron lock ga'es,
,l prose
in 1843, for the entrance of the wet dock at
cl.j.rittose ;" by J. Leslie, M. Inst. C. E.
j4'o.Descrion of a coffer-dam used for clos-
NP,he end of the buildsng-slip at her Majesty's Dock-
Woolwich ;" by a Snow, Assoc. Inet. C. E.
ire
670—e Account of the plan adopted by William
e4"11 'White for raising the Innisfail steamer, sunk in
Asst.e er Lee. near Cork (Ireland) ;" by G. P. White,
bust. C. E.
C,

LITERATURE.
IHSTORY OF IRELAND.
Strange, London, 1844.

Doctor Smiles, the-author of this History of Ire-
land, commences with the period immediately pre-
creding the Anglo-Norman invasion, and closes with
the passing of the Catholic Emancipation Act, in the
memorable year 1829. Portions of his work are
written with considerable vigour of style ; and his
sketches of the Irish Rebellion in 1798, and of the
debates that soon after followed in the house of Com-
mons respecting the projected unicn with England,
when the illustrious Grattan rose from the bed of
sickness, in order to protest in his place against that
project, are detailed at length in a careful and circum-
stantial spirit. The work is written in a commend-
able spirit of moderation; and the author justly ob
serves in his preface, that "it is in no small degree
due to England's apathy and indifference as to her
fate, that Ireland's present sufferings are to be attri-
buted. When the English people and the English
Government know Ireland, they will give up attempt-
ing to govern her by the sword—that old and used-up
instrument of despots---and betake themselves to jus-
tice, employing instead of the weapons of the soldier
and policeman, the more powerful instrument of re-
dress."

REMEDIES SUGGESTED FOR THE PE-
RILS OF THE NATION
Sealcy and Burnside. London, 1844.
The spirit in which this volume is written is
highly commendable to the author, who exhibits him.
self throughout it in the amiable character of a
Christian and a philanthropist. After furnishing us
with his impressions respecting the present state of
the country, and lamenting the fierce hunger and
thirst for gain that more or less pervades every class
of the community, he proceeds to suggest remedial
measures for the distressing condition to which he
conceives the nation to be just now reduced. Fore-
most among his suggestions is one for lightening the
labour-market, which is goodso far as it goes, but can
go but a little way towards diminishing the evils
complained of. The author also insists on the neces-
sity of a system of general education, which we, too,
have always strenuously advocated, though with no
very sanguine hopes of shortly seeing the day when
the system will be carried into execution. Of the
merits of the proposal for a cottage-allotment scheme,
we cannot speak with any confidevce, for we do not
exactly see our way through the arguments em-
ployed by the author; but we cordially agree with
him, that an amelioration of the new pool-law is de-
sirable, inasmuch as it contains a great deal that is
oppressive in its character, particularly as regards the
poorer classes of society, whose character it proposed
to elevate by instilling into them a horror of depen-
dence on public charity.

MAGAZINES (CONTINUED).
TAIT'S MAGAZINE.

In his political article for the month, Taitvwe are
sorry to perceive, speaks in terms of .hostility to the
Ten Heurs Factory Bill, adding, however, that " the
triumph of Lord Ashley and the advocates of that
bill, brief and precarious as it will in all likelihood
turn out to have been, belongs undoubtedly to the
class of great facts ; facts significant of the birth and
growth of new ideas." Alluding to the Irish State
prosecutions, Tait forcibly remarks :—" the Incar-
ceration of • O'Connell will do more to make Repeal
serious and real, than two score more of monster-
meetings. It will make it a religion ; and there
never yet was a religion that was not ready with its
martyrs, as many as might be wanted." The " Spirit
of Aristophanes" is an intelligent criticism on some of
the leading plays of this great Greek comic dramatist.
" Episcopacy in Scotland, is a dry article on a dry
subject. We quote a description of " the Overlander,"
from a paper headed " Australian Sketches :"
The men recognised in Australia by this title, are such
as make-it their calling to convey stock from the middle
districts to the new territories. They are a migratory
class, andhave seldom any fixed place of abode. They
are always changing, and always dissatisfied. When a
new country is opened, the Overlander is in the very hey-
day of spirit ; tor he knows it will be a fortune to him.
He purchases flocks and herds in the Sydney districts,
and starts for the distant territory. The journey .is
often one, of no ordinary hazard : to traverse a country
little known, encumbered with many thousand sheep ;
where the difficulty of procuring water is of en great ;
and where no one, unless possessed of great intelligence,
and accustomed to wander through desolate regioits,
could thread his way. The Overlander, however, loves
such a life for the very excitement it affords ; and he
would not exchange With the easy and wealthy men of
Europe. In personal appearance, the Overlanders are
rough, dirty, half-shaved, and ill-attired the stranger
would look upon them as of small repute in society, and
as ignorant and poor. How would he be surprised to
learn, that those men could tell down their twenty thou-
sand pounds ; that they claim kindred with the nobility
of Britain ; nay, more; that not a few of them could
correct a false quantity in Sophocles, and are versed in
the literature of all ages. Many of them have travelled
over every country in the world, and acted their part in
the gaieties and frivolities of a continental life ; and
they pride themselves upon theic knowledge oflanguages.
Some of them have been extensive merchants ;
others, army and navy officers ; others, pro-
fessional men ; but few of the Overlanders are of
mean, extraction. Their business is not exactly confined
to the transmission of stock, although this is what they'
prefer : they are likewise land speculators, and extensive
graziers. It is no uncommon thing for an Overlander to
hold stock in nearly every district of Australia ; some of
them have, also, thousands of acres of land in Australia
and New Zealand. When a new township is opened, the
Overlanders buy up the most promising town-lots, which
they hold until the town is fairly e taolishcd, and then
dispose of them at an advance of a thousand per cent.
Perhaps the most gigantic undertaking of the kind on
record was that of the first Overlanders, who carried
stock from New South Wales to South Australia. This
party started from the Port Phillip district soon after
the formation of the South Australian colony, about the
year 1837. The route was totally unknown, except
from the vague and conflicting accounts of the abori-
gines. TLe distance to be traversed was supposed to be
one thousand miles•' which, encumbered by a large num-
ber of sheep, would make the journey tedious, even if
successful. Few _expected to hear more of either the

ha),IIINEBE QIIICKSILVER.—A good deal of interest
t,:s'een excited in the drug market, in consequence of
thavortation,lor the first time, of some quicksilver
bi!),111 Chiaa. This new article of commerce, which was
bo`ittu,ght by the. Sappho from Canton, was inclosed i . nd
b't 8 containing about twenty pounds, made of a in
het:lll6oc, each bottle being formed by cutting the reed
e,eu two of its joints. The quicksilver appears to
alidefrcil intrxluced through a small orifice at one end,
ite
v4„' opening subsequently stopped with melted resin.
1,:" whole of the bottle is covered with linen cloth,
eq4ai oas been cemente. The quicksilver is quite
quabllty to that introduced from other sources.
Stat GREAT BRITAIN STEAM-SKIP.--We have.
he e' s l elsewhere that it was intended, this week, to haul
her G.,rQat Britain into the floating harbour, and to moor
flo,„'"ere while the tanks upon which she is to be
6tro':,(l_,through the locks into the river, are being con-
her .I'4. A slight impediment, however, has prevented
'emoval. It appears that a portion of the timber
" Which she has rested has, from her great weight,
(-1 a 1 firmly fixed to her keel, and, from want
tiai,"Teient depth of water, she has been unable, with
isi;:)ustacle adhering to her, to clear the sill of the
Reorl:m, notwithstanding that her draft is, at pre-
the "1Y 12 feet. On Thursday, and again yesterday,
hut this in the float was raised about eighteen inches,
Was not sufficient to enable the vessel with her
11,1411Mbrarleo, to pass clear. On both occasions she was
14:1_ one-third out, but had to be hauled back again.
7:YU expedients were resorted to, in order to detach
ouroece of- timber in question, but without success.
Alt fellow-citizen, Mr. J. M. Hyde (mathematical
of hrirlent maker), subsequently undertook, by means
of the diving apparatus, to descend to the bottom
exact uc'eh, for the purpose of aseertainiug the
told this position and nature of the impediment,
400„ hazardous work he performed yesterday after-
dft.2 In the most intrepid manner. He made his first
NZ :et/ about twenty minutes to five o'clock and re-
14tervaiuhader water a quarter of an hour. After a short
%rope c again descended, and succeeded in fastening
ship's ki'D large plank, which was hauled away from the
seoti_ilpttero to the surface of the water. Mr. H. sub-
ha e" took with him a chain which he hoped to be
1101? 4.-7 affix to the main obstacle' to the vessel's. egress. ;
se far the attempt will be successful, yet remains to be
l's..7e.e,—The Great Britain is advertised to sail from
4t,-rool for New York on the 13th July.—British
'4114 Of Saturday.