The Sun.
London, England, 1844-01-10 00:00:00

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No. 16,030. LONDON, WEDNESDAY -,:',:ltirENING SUN, JANUARY 10, 1844.

PRICE sd.

THE SUN it Published EVERY MORNING at FIVE O'CLOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY ; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time fur the AITERNOON TRAINS
and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, containing PARLIAMENTARY and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that hour,

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning, Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS.

SALES BY AUCTION.

NrR. TEMPLETON will repeat his Popular
1 ENTERTAINMENT. of MARY QUEEN of
SCOTS, and the Music of her Times, on SATURDAY EVEN-
ING NEXT, Jan. 13, at the Hanover-square r.ooms ; at the Horns,
Kennington, THURSDAY, the 18th ; on SATURDAY, the 20th,
at the Hanover-square Rooms; and on MONDAY, the 22d, at
the City of London Tavern, Bishnpsgate-street.
Mr. Templeton will sing thirteen favourite Scotch Melo-
dies in each Entertainment.

[TALL
AND GENERAL SUBSCRIPTION ROOMS,
LONDON.
BOARD OF SurRRINTIENDFNCE.
Sir GEORGE. LARPENT, Bart., Chairman.
JOHN CATTLEY, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
William Burnie, Esq. James I'attison, Esq.
James Cook, Esq. Sir John Pirie, Bart.
Robert Cottesworth, Esq. John D. Pewles, Esq.
Matthew Forster, Esq., H.P. Henry James Prescott, Esq.
Abel Lewes Gower, Esq. Baron L. de Rothschild.
Samuel Gurney, Esq. David Salomons, Esq.
Thomson Hankey, jun., Esq.. John James Siordet, Esq.
Kirkman D. Hodgson, Esq. Martin Tucker Smith, Esq.
fohn Irving. Esq., M.P. Wm. Thompson, Esq., M.P.
Henry Kingscote, Esq. Thomas Weedinta. Esq.
James Matheson, Esq., M.P. ,Geo. Frederick Young, Esq.
The HALL of COMMERCE has been erected to provide
a central point of meeting in the Commercial World for the
Merchants, Bankers, Ship-owners, Manufaettifers of the
Jnited Kingdom, Captains of vessels, Foreigners engaged in
,ommercial or ether pursuits. and the Public in general.
The READING-ROOM adjoining it provided with all the
ending Foreign and British newspapers, and general commer-
cial intelligence from Averts of the world, maps, charts, itine.
'aries, directories, steam-boat and railroad information, list of
.hips sailipg to all parts of the world, prices current, documents
and books of reference on commercial subjects.
There are also Rooms fur PRIVATE BUSINESS and
FIRE-PROOF VAULTS and SAFES for the deposit of
valuables.

TO COAL MERCHANTS AND OTHERS.

power, and oho had perverted the institutions of this country
to serve their own selfish purposes.—( Loud cheers.) Ha be-
lieved that they reither would nor ought to have any I ease or
quiet in this country who had maintained and passed this law,
until they could either vinilit ate their policy, or abendoaed it:—
(Cheers. ) But their position at present wa-s this—that they
neither could du the one nor would do the other. There was
no one single position that they had assumed that they had
been able to maintain, and every plan, and every pretext, and
every argument had been torn to shreds by the withering
speeches of the League.—( Cheers.) There is hardly a Sunday-
school boy that is not able to cope with the "collective wis-
dom," on the grounds they give for maintaining, their policy.
The argument on which they most depended, which was that of
danger of depending on foreign States for food, was used after
all ;round for it had 'ceased, for we were dependent, and must
be so in spite of the law; and as the danger has not happened
yet, they expect us to believe that, if foreign countries ex-
ported more, and their interest became greater, remaining at
peace, it was then more likely to occur. But if they had diffi-
culty in knowing what would be done in cue the-foreigners
should cut off our supply, there were persons in this country
whom they might consult, who were about ten million in num-
ber, and who, by their own showing, were without that food
in peace, of which they feared they might be deprived in war.
So much for the benefit to them of not depending on foreign
countries ; but he believed that it was the want of reciprocity
in other States towards this country, on which they intended
chiefly to rely this year. Now, mark the good faith with
which this argument was used. It was implied, in the mono-
polist organs, that their party wag ready for the repeal of the
corn-laws, if other nations would lower their tariffs, and ad-
mit our manufactures. Now; there was hardly a single State,
of whose tariff they complained, that (lid not, some years
since, offer to negotiate with us, on the ground of
admitting our manufactures, if we would lower the
duties on corn ; and it was distinctly notified to them
that such could never be 'admitted as the ground of
negotiation. He (Mr. Villiers) did on one occasion read in
the House of Commons the answer that Mr.. Canning was
compelled to give to the Prussian Minister, who had made this
application to our Government ; and he there' stated that.
domestic policy precleded the corn-laws being the -subject of
negotiation.--( A laugh.) Since that refusal to negotiate they
had reared up manufacturing intereits,- and follovred our ex-
ample in attempting to protect them ; and, knowing thatthey
were wedded to-that system, the monopolies of this country
were to be continued on the plea of their refusing reciprocity.
They should, doubtless, also hear of the necessity of maintain-
ing the corn laws, for the sake of agriculture, in which. such
great improvements were promised to he made ; but if the
corn-laws encouraged agricultural •improveenent, how came it.
that though the laws were passed in 1815, yet that in the year .
of our Lord 1843, we collected from 'the landlords thetiaselves
that agriculture had been greatly neglected, and, fcr the first
time, they were lecturing their tenants on the bad treatment of
the land? The fact was, that agriculture had been retarded,
and never would permanently improve while the law con-
tinued. In short, amongst all the things that had been said,
or that he expected would be said, there was but one that
seemed to consist with fact or sense, and that was urged, upon
occasion, by a county Member, in opposition to his (Mr.
Villiers') motion, and which was, that according to the ac-
count of the free traders, they (the landlords) must have a
very good thing of it—( Hear)—and if they had, did the meet-
ing suppose that the landlords would be so sift as to surrender
it before the necessity fur it existed?—(Hear, and laughter.)
And he liked that ; it was plain, open, and intelligible, and
he preferred it much to the paltry plea that it was .for the
sake of the poor that bread was to be made searoe in order
that it might be dear. It was not usual, perhaps, to make
such avowals in public, but it was very common in ' private.
Though it might not be very generous policy, he believed it
was very common practice—what was about as common as
human nature, where man was unrestrained by any public or
general influence. But this was the point he wished -people
to observe, for it proved the importance and necessity. of this
agitation, which sought to elicit such an expression of opinion
as would make these parties see that a necessity (lid
exist for surrendering that good thing which they had given
themselves, and that bad thing which they had imposed upon
everybody else ; and the real question worth considering was,
whether the League were pursuing a wise and judicious
course. With respect to this, after mature consideration, he
was bound to nay that he believed that the chief men of the
League were acting a, earnest and honest reen,lunder the
circumstances, would do, and they adopted the course best
suited to their end. In all these movements it was necessary
that the object sought should be clear and definite; in order
to..be intelligible, and to unite as much strength in its support
as possible. Now, the League denounced the corn-law as
unjust, and hoped to abolish it by producing that Conviction
on the public mind ; and it sought the sympathy for this pur-
pose of the wise, and the just, and benevolent of all classes.
Could they expect assistance from these quarters ,in • asking
for anything short of the entire removal of the injustice? And
after showing the evil bearing of the law upon all classes to be
satisfied by simply varying the form of the injustice, and after
proving that it tended to make food scarce, tended to make it
dear, and tended further to deteriorate the value of labour in
the market, could they be satisfied by merely meeting the in-
convenience complained of by the merchant that he was de-
prived of a regular trade, and remedy the grievance of the far-
mer himself that the grain was poured into the market at the
time most injurious to himself ? These were the effects, no
doubt, of the sliding scale, and m ould be removed by a
fixed duty ; but the argument against the fixed duty
remained unanswered, that its only, merit was to keep cut
food from. this country, which food would only be entered
from being wanted ; and such a duty could be only imposed
for the purpose of protecting the wealtl.y proprietor, but Whi..h
protection, while it enhanced the price of food, did not extent
to iucreasing the wages of the labouring class.— (Hear, hear. )
This, lie contended, was the fault of air protection, unjustly to
favour one class at the expense of the rest.— (Cheers .) Pro-
tecti.n could not be universal ; Parliament had repeatetLy re-
fused to entertain the notion of regulating the income of the li
labourers with the view of putting them on a feuting with the
protected interest.—( Hear, hear.) Now, his lion. Friend
Mr. Cobden put the Government to the test on the point.
He had said, .‘ You aro raising the value of your own pro-
perty by Act of Parliament in passing and maintalining the•c
corn-laws, and in keeping up a high price for agricultural pro-
duce; are you willing to give a value to labour by Act of Par-
liament aleo ?"—( Cheers. ) He smiled at this proposal know-
ing full well that it was impossible, and even had it been possi-
ble, it was not convenient for themselves to do it.—( Hear, hear. )
He (Mr. Villiers) remembered that when he was first returned
to Parliament for the distriet which he now had the honour to
represent, he was rather under the impression that this law
was more injurious to capitalists than it was to the working
men ; but lie had since been strongly impressed with the con-
trary opinion from observing its operation is that borough. The
working classes; when they met there to express an improve-
ment in their condition, did not express the idea by speak-
ing of higher wages, or employment, but they said they wanted
more trade, thus evidently intimating no connexion i a their
minds between increased trade and better wages.—(llear,
haar. ) Many of them received their orders direct: from the
merchant, and they knew that if the merchant received no ender
from abroad they tailed to obtain employment. Restriction on
trade was therefore ruin to them, while every extension im-
proved their condition. They had therefore been impressed
from the moment that the corn-laws were passed, that as a
great obstruction to trade with Europe and America, they
had been tending to deteriorate their condition, rearing up
competitors abroad, diminishing the demand for their labour,
enhancing the price of toot, while pressed further at home by
a constant increase in their numbers. But the view which
they take of the connexion between trade and their condition is
equally applicable to the whole working classes, for let the most
intelligent of them think front morning to night in what way he
could improve the material condition of hi; class, and he will
come to no other conclusion than that it must he by extending
the demand for his labour.—(!tear.) And as that would be
effected by increasing the trade in the products of his labour.
so every extension of trade with the rest ci the world must tend
to improve his condition.—(hear, hear.) The very purpose
of foreign trade created a demand for British labour. The
object for which we trailed with foreign countries was to obtain
something that we wanted and did nut produce. But nc such
article could be imported into this country without an equivalent
being exported ; and no equivalent could be produced withoet
the employment, in some shape, of British labour. Thus every
import into this country appeared as a customer for British
labour.—(Cheers.) Every restriction on that import was the
denial to British labour of a customer ; and every restriction
removed, for the same reason, gave employment. It was not
consistent with the support of those restrictions to deny that
the imports would increase, because restrictive laws were
not imposed, because they would not come in, but because
they were expected. There was, perhaps, this peculiarity
in the import of food when it was demanded, that it not only
required to be paid for by British labour, hut, inasmuch as it
would reduce the price of food, and as food was consumed by
the whole community, whatever was saved in the payment of
food was expended on manufactures, thereby creating a fresh
demand for manufacturing industry, while the artisan, with in-
creased demand for his labour, would be compelled to spend
less on food, and have more to expend upon comforts. No-
thing, therefore, was more likely to raise and improve the con-
dition of the working class in this country than extending the
trade in food with other countries and rendering it more ac-
cessible to him at home.—(Cheers.) Shou'd any doubt the
justice of these vices, he had only to reflect upon what oc-
curred (luring the late years of distress, mad what had been lately
cceur.ieg. It was universally admitted that the prominent
cause of the distress between 1838 and 1842 was owing to the
high price of food, and the vast abstraction of the means of the
community that would otherwise have been expended on manu-
factures to be employed in the payment for food. In this coun-
try a great difference in the price of food was the difference of
massy millions more or less expended upon it. Now, what
was it that we heard of at present? Why, that trade was
reviving—that the home trade was improved, which is the
precise confirmation of what he had said, since theprice of food
was very fallen within these two years. More had been spent
on manufactures, more employment was given to the people,
and they had more to spend taxed for revenue, which results
in what they knew was the ease thet tradd was reviving, and
that the revenue had improved. But precisely for the same
reason was it to be expected that if food should again rise, and
these laws continue, and the iupply from abroad should again
be irregular, the same consequences would again follow.
( Hear.) lie said, then, of what immeme importance was this
question to every class of the community, and especially if we
consider the amount of misery yet existing in this country, and
the shocking details of eistrt ss and destitution that are daily
reaching us from the metropolis, and how every business was
overstocked; and, when he considered that all the business of
this country depended upon the extent of the production,
distribution, and censumption of the articles of human want,
was it not insane on our part to choke up any channel of corn-
merce that we could open, or not widen to the fullest extent
the field of exchange, which was the soul and spirit of COM-,
mercial operations? Why, then, he would ask, should they not
at once claim the adoption of this better policy, and insist at
once upon freedom of trade? Some raid that their opponents
were so strorg, that it would be wise to moderate the deraand.
He said; too, that they were stron", but strong in relation to
the apathy and fears of others. They were not strong in num-
ber, they were not strong in justice—(Very loud cheers)—they
were not strong in the love and affections of the people, but
they were bold because other men were cowards—( Loud
cheers)—ever fearing to go forth lest this lion should-cross
their path.—(Great applause.) But it is said by others that
it is not on their account they fear, but en ac.routit of
those who had been de:tided by the promises of monopo!y,
and who had embarked their capital ui,on its faith,
and who had since been disappointed. But he said
that rendered the case stronger for change. Hail his ex-

THE FALCON WHARF, BANKSIDE, including au excellent
RESIDENCR, spacicus COUNTING-HOUSES, extensive

STABLING, &c.
MR. IV. AV. SIMPSON has received directions
to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, on TUESDAY,
January 30, at Twelve, in consequence of a Dissolution of Part-
nership between Messrs. Thomas, William, and James Horne,
That exceedingly valuable PROPERTY, known as the Falcon
What f, on which a very extensive and lucrative coal business has
been carried on for nearly half a century ; comprising a substan-
tially-built Family Residence; with excellent Counting-houses and
Strong-room, commodious S'abling for about twenty-five horses,
with lofts over, coal warehouse, and other useful buildings
with rooms above, spacious paved yard, and capital wharf, pre.
seating a floatage of about sixty feet to th.a river, with small
counting-house thereon. The premises are fitted up with every
convenience for the coal trade, to which purpose they are ad.
mirably adapted, and are copyhold of the Manor of Old Paris.
garden, except a small portion of the yard, which is held under a
renewable lease from the Bishop of Winchester for three lives, aged
respectively about 31, 81, and 41 years, at the yearly rent of
12s. Bd. There are no fines payable on admission to the copyhold,
and it is free of rent ; this property is therefore equal in value to
freehold. The premises may be viewed on application.
Particulars may shortly be obtained of Messrs. Bayley and Jan-
son, solicitors, 4, Basinghall.itreet ; of Mr. J. R. Rush, solicitor, 18,
Austinfriars ; of Messrs. Quilter and Ball, accountants, 57, Cole
man-street; at the Mart and Coal Exchange; and of Mr. W. W.
Simpson, 18, Bucklersbury.

To commence at Eight o'Clo-:k.

In addition to the shave conveniences, the Subscribers will
have the use of an EXCELLENT LIBRARY en COMMER-
CIAL SUBJECTS.

The Establishment will be conducted by the Proprietor, nn.
der the superintendence or a Board of Subscribers.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION PER ANNUM.
Persons residing in London or within 12 miles it. Ils. 6d,
Persons residing at a grea4distanae l/. Is. Od,

Ltusdon September 1, 1843.
BOARD of SUPERINTENDiNCE of the " HALL
of COAIMERCE" take leave to draw your .attention to this
Institution.

It has been built and established at a very great cost, by a
.ingle individual, for the convenience of the Commercial Om-
munity of the City of London, with a degree of public spirit
worthy the metropolis of the world.
The subscription is now placed on so moderate a scale as to
be no object of consideration, in proportion to the conveniences
offered, which are set forth in the above Prospectus ; and the
Bond are of opinion, that without interfering with any of the
rxisting establishments appropriated to specific branches of
rade, these conveniences may be found available by a very large
body of persons in the City of London—by parties visiting
London occasionally on mercantile affairs—and by gentlemen
from the Continent and other foreign ports.
GEORGE LAR PENT, Chairman.

JOHN CATTLEY, Deputy Chairman.
N.B. A Coffee-room is now open for the accommodation o.
he Subscribers.