The Sun.
London, England, 1844-08-19 00:00:00

;PUBLIC INCOME AND EXP

- -
DITURE.
,A paper, containing an account of the public in-
cot ne and expenditure of the United Kingdom for
three years, ended the sth day. of January, 1842,
1343, and 1844, has been issued in a printed shape on
tlit 3 motion of Mr. William Williams, the Member for
the. town of Coventry. The following particulars of
this document will not be uninteresting to our readers
get terally. We find, first, that the gross total amount of
the+ public income was, in the year ending January 5,
18412, 52,315,433/4 in the year ending January 5,
180.13, 51,120,040/. ; and in the year ending January 5,
18-114, 56,935,0221. The gross total amount of the
public expenditure during the same period was,
in the year 1841-42, 54,465,318/. ; in the year
18st2-43, 55,195,1891.; and in the year 1843-44,
55,.501,7401. It accordingly follows that in the two
fu,st-mentioned years, 1841-42 and 1842-43, there
was an excess of expenditure over income, amount-
in g in the former to 2,149,8851., and in the
latter to no less a sum than 4,075,119/. In the year
1:843-44, however, the tide turned once more in fa-
vour of the revenue, the amount of income having
exceeded the amount of expenditure by 1,433,283/.
Mins in the above three years the balance appears to
be 4,791,721/. against the revenue, inasmuch as that
exoess of expenditure over income still remains to be
reduced. It is known, nevertheless, that the quarterly
returns for the current year, hitherto published, have
been generally favourable to the revenue, and
therefore a gradual extinction of the adverse balance
seetns far from improbable. Proceeding to details, it
appears that the total amounts received under different
heads during the three '
years in question were as
follow, viz. :-Customs in 1841, 28,376,305/.• in
1842, 26,289,776/.;• and in 1843, 27,928,659/. Ex-
cise in 1841, 9,471,917/. ; in 1842,_ 9,311,1381. ; and
in 1843, 8,641,2221. Stamps in 1841, 7,276,360/. •
in 1842, 7,139,7831. ; and in 1843, 7,076,752 i.
Assessed and land taxes in 1841, 4,715,358/. ; in 1842,
4,4:35,410/. ; and in 1843, 4,385,068/. The property-
tar yielded in 1842, 582,0381. only, .but in 1843-44,
5,387,455/. ; the,P,ost-office, in 1841, 1,495,540/. ; in
'1842, 1,578,145/. ; and in 1843, 1,535,2161. The
Crown lands and other. ordinary reacources are hardly
worth mentioning.. Under the receipts of 1843-44,
however, the sum 0f,1,315,2081. (the: money received
from China under the treaty of August, 1842) con-
tributes to swell the amount, and virtually consti-
tutes, in fact, the Surplus of that year, which was
only 1,433,283/., as already mentioned. We now pro-
ceed to the " expenditure" side of the account. As
the total amounts. under the different heads vary but
little in the three years, we shall merely give the
particulars of the amount disbursed in the year ending
the sth of January, 1844, the grand total of which
was, as has already been stated, 55,501,740/. In
fine, the charges, of collecting the revenue cost the
country 2,783,5421. • the, charge of the public debt,
29,261,012/. (of which the sum of 24,512,7531. was for
interest on the permanent debt; 3,924,184/. on the ter-
minable annuities ; 135,991/. for the expenses of ma-
nagement, and 688,084/. for the interest on Exche-
quer bills.) The civil Government entailed an ex-
pense on the nation of 1,626,2191., of which the sum
of 371,800/. was appropriated to the Civil List and
Privy Purse, 308,423/. to the allowances granted to
the several branches of the Royal. Family, 26,3171. to
the Lord-Lieutenant -of 'lreland's establishment,
106,001/. to the 'salaries And expenses of the two
Houses of Parliament (including printing), 510,394/.
to the civil departments (the Government offices,
&c.), including superannuation,allowances, 297,9771.
to other annuities, pensions, and superannuation al-
lowances on the Consolidated Fund and ,on the gross
revenue ; and 5,307/. to civil list pensions. The
charges incurred by the administration of justice
amounted to 1,782,469/., of which 580,5161. was ap-
propriated to courts of j ustice, 5664381. to police and
criminal prosecutions, and 635,5151. to correction.
The diplomatic expenses amounted to 361,4261., viz.,
178,4561. for the salaries and pensions of foreign Mi-
nisters ; 125,7081. for Consuls' salaries and super-
annuation allowances; and 57,262/. to the disburse-
ments of outfits, &c. The gross total charge for
the maintenance of the sea and land forces amounted
to 14,513,9171.; of which the sum of 5,997,1561. was
appropriate) to the army, 6,606,057/. to the navy,
and 1,913,704/. to the ordnance.- Among the less
important items, there figure the following sums; viz.
-416,056/. for the China expedition; 1,245,823/. for
the opium compensation ; 11,2861. for bounties, &c.,
for the promotion of fisheries ; 405,246/. for public
works ; 211,561/. for improvements and various public
services (paid out of the revenue of Crown lands) ;
996,834/. for the Post-office ; and 1,760,463/. for a
variety of miscellaneous services, too numerous, and not
sufficiently important, to merit a detailed enumera-
tion. The charge, in 1843, for home secret service
money was 10,000/. ; for foreign secret service money
33,800/.; and for secret service money in Ireland
5,770/. The amount of terminable annuities was, on
the sth of January, 1844, 3,924,723/. ; and, in cor-
responding perpetuities, as estimated by Mr. Finlai-
son, 1,550,762/. ; leaving a difference of 2,373,961/.
We have thus endeavoured to give our readers some
idea, however imperfect, of the present condition of
the pecuniary resources of their country, and the pre-
sent expense of maintaing its various institutions in a
manner becoming the honour and dignity of so great
an empire.

RAILWAY MORAL CLASS BOOK.'
(Br THE BISHOP OF LONDON.)
(From Punch.)
MORALS FOR THE FIRST CLASS.—The morals pre-
scribed for this class are the same on all days of the
week. An act which is moral
,on Mondays, Tues-
days, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, is moral
also on Sundays. The reason is, that this class em-
ploys the best tailors, eats the best food, drinks the
best wines, in short, lives the best ; and lastly and
especially, pays the highest fare of all the three classes.
Moreover, being accustomed to amuse themselves all
the six days of the week, it would be cruel to deprive
them of recreation on 'the seventh ; and having little or
no business on any day, they have as much business
to travel on Sunday as on any other.
MORALS FOR THE SECOND CLASS...-. It is not,
strictly speaking, quite proper for persons of this
class to do the same thing every day ; so that a per-
fect system of morality would prohibit them from
Sunday travelling. Many of them go to Holborn
and the City for their clothes, dine upon two courses,
and cannot afford hock, claret, and champagne, or
even good port and sherry. However, on the whole,
they
.are pretty respectable. Thus, for the trans-
gression, the rigid rule of right may be relaxed, and
they may be permitted to travel on Sundays ; but
they are to understand this permission as a sufferance
merely, and their conduct in availing themselves of it
is by no means to be-approved of.
MORALS FOR THE THIRD CLASS.—For this class
of people to travel on Sundays is a heinous crime.
They are meanly clad, and live upon a coarse kind of
food. Toil and hardship are their portion during the
week, and enjoyment on the Sunday would make
them discontented with their lot. The third class of
railway passengers is formed of the inferior classes,
and not being respectable, no respect whatever should
be shown to its inclinations. Its fare is nothing like
an atonement for the crime in question. The Legis-
lature, therefore, has acted very improperly in com-
pelling Sunday trains to run third-class carriages ;
and the statute, if possible, should be evaded.

Tim FOREIGN MAILS.—Thd following notice was
issued on Saturday at the General Post-office, St.
Martin's-le-Grand :—" The next mails for British North
America, Bermuda, and the United States, will be made
up on Monday evening, the 19th inst. (to-day), to
be forwarded by the Hibernia steamer, via Liverpool,
Halifax, and Boston.- The next mails for Malta, Egypt,
India, Hong-Kong, and China, will be made up on the
morning of the 3d of September, to be forwarded via
Southampton ; and by, the overland closed mail to India,
&c., ma Marseilles, on the evening of the 7th of Sep-
tember."

On Saturday a notice was issued at Guildhall, by
order of the Commissioners of Sewers for the City of
London and the "Liberties thereof, that on and after
Monday the thoroughfare of Ludgute-hill would be
closed, in consequenee.of, an order from that body for
the same to be repaired.
M. Duprez, who purchase& from M. Aguado, for-
merlyo
at thefro
from
Court
,000 f
07 Spain,
300,000 E, for an, a hotel in the Rue
'urot banter
cer-
tain sum of money and a life annuity of 20,000 f., has, by
the death of the annuitant, become possessed of the rg, valued t
pro-
perty after the payment of only one or two years' an.
nuity.

SUMMER ASSIZES.
WESTERN ClRCUlT.—Devizes, Aug. 16.
Henry Hatter, William Box, and Adam Clements,
were indicted for assaulting James Wilson, putting
him in fear, and stealing from his person four sove-
reigns and other moneys, his property.
Mr. Ball appeared for the prosecution.
It appeared that the prosecutor, who is a commer-
cial traveller from Thames-street, was driving his gig
between nine and ten o'clock on the night of the 2d
of May, on the road between Calne and Devizes:
When he arrived at a place called Bromham-cross,
he saw three men in the road ; one of them was in the
centre. Upon coming up to him that man seized the
horse's bridle. Mr. Wilson told him to get out of
the way, and at the same time lashed his horse. The
man then held the horse more firmly. Mr. Wilson
then lashed the man, when he received a severe blow
on the shoulder, which was struck by a man behind
with a bludgeon. Mr. Wilson then took out his life-
preserver, and was getting out of the gig, when he
was struck a blow on the head, which stunned him,
so that he could not tell what occurred afterwards.
When he came to himself he found he was standing
against his gig, bleeding profusely from his head.
His purse had been taken ; it contained four sove-
reigns, a crooked half-sovereign and a new one, and
a crooked sixpence with two letters on it. He got
into his gig and drove towards Devizes. He over-
took a cart with two men in it, and one of the men
accompanied him to Devizes. The prisoners were
the men who stopped him. A surgeon was then sent
for; and he stated that Mr. Wilson had received severe
wounds on his head and shoulder; the wounds were
very dangerous. The next morning Hatter toa
relation what they had done the previous night. The
prisoners were taken into custody, and on Box and
Clements were found the marked moneys. They were
seen together on the 2d of May and on the following
day, and the prosecutor swore most positively to them,
and described their dress.
The jury found all the prisoners Guilty.—Judg-
ment of death recorded.

OXFORD ClRCUlT.—Gloucester, Aug. 16.
NISI PRIUS COURT.—(Before Lord Chief Justice

TIND-AL.)
NRWTON V. HOLFORD AND OTHERS.
This was an action of trespass, brought by Mr.
Augustus Newton, barrister-at-law, against the late
High-Sheriff of this county, and four other defendants,
officers and assistants of the sheriff, for breaking and
entering the house of the plaintiff, injuring the locks
of the doors, and beating the sons of the plaintiff. The
defendant paid 21. into court, and pleaded that the
plaintiff had not sustained any further damage.
The plaintiff appeared in person to conduct his own
case • Mr. Sergeant Talfourd and Mr. Greaves aepre-
sentcl the defendants.
The action arose out of a proceeding. which has
already formed the groundwork of two trials, one of
which (a civil action) took place at the last Middlesex
sittings in the Court of Common Pleas at Westminster,
and the other (an indictment for perjury) at the last
Worcester assizes. It will be necessary, therefore, in
order to make a report of the present case intelligible,
to go a little farther back than the sth of July, 1843,
when the trespass now in question was committed.
The plaintiff having become indebted to a wine
merchant in the amount of 121., was served with a
copy of a writ, and consented to a judge's order to
enter up judgment, which was accordingly entered
up, and a writ of ca. sa. was issued thereon. An
officer of the sheriff of the city of Gloucester
arrested the plaintiff by virtue of that writ while
he was attending the Midsummer Quarter Ses-
sions, last year at Gloucester, in his professional
capacity, and the plaintiff laimed the protec-
tion of the Court. Mr. Sergeant Ludlow, who pre-
sided, declined to make any positive order on the
subject, but suggested an arrangement, by the terms
of which the plaintiff was to be at liberty to pursue
his professional avocations during the continuance of
the sessions, the plaintiff on his part undertaking not
to take any advantage of the first arrest. A few days
after the quarter sessions had concluded, the writ of
ca. sa. was placed in the hands of George Wilson, a
special bailiff nominated for the purpose, and he pro-
oeeded, accompanied by Holtham, Turner, and Vines,
the other defendants on the record, to the residence of
the plaintiff at St. Paul's Cottage, Cheltenham. The
bailiffs arrived there about a quarter to 12 o'clock in
the day, and finding the garden-gate could not be
opened from the outside, Wilson scaled the paling.
The plaintiff's younger son, William Philip Newton,
came up at the moment, and attempted to get over
the paling at a different place, but the defendant
Turner pulled him down by the leg into the road.
Being, however, young and active, the youth suc-
ceeded in getting over the paling before Wilson could
accomplish the same feat, and immediately ran to his
mother, Mrs. Newton, to acquaint her with what was
taking place. He then ran back, and tried to set a
large Newfoundland dog at Wilson, who being fore-
warned, was fore-armed, and presenting a pistol,
threatening to blow out the dog's brains if it was not
taken away. The lad, frightened out of his wits, ran
away as fast as he could, and one of the servants shut
up the dog in a stable. The defendant Wilson then
got down into the garden, and opened the gate
for Holtham, Turner, and Vines, who went with him
to the front door, and endeavoured to obtain admit-
tance, which was refused. The bailiffs then retired
for a short time under the shade of some trees, and
finally effected an entrance by the back door, which,
according to the plaintiff's case was burst open by the
defendant Wilson. The bailiffs then entered, arrested
the plaintiff, and took him off in a fly to Gloucester
gaol. The plaintiff's eldest son, Francis Robert
Newton, was pushed about a little by the defendants
in getting through the passage, and the plaintiff
brought two actions for what occurred, one of which,
in which the cause of action alleged was false im-
prisonment, was tried in the Common Pleas, and the
plaintiff was fortunate enough to obtain 501. damages.
The other action was that which was tried to-day, in
which the gravamen of the plaintiff's complaint was,
that his door had been broken, and his two sons had
been assaulted, by which he lost the benefit of their
service.
Mr. Sergeant TA.LYOURD addressed the jury for the
defendants, contending that the 40s. which had been
paid into court was an ample compensation for the
injury which the plaintiff had sustained.
The jury, being of the same opinion, found a ver-
dict for the defendants.

CROWN COURT.—(Before Mr. Sergeant AT-
CHERLEY.)
Richard Harris, aged 30, pleaded guilty to three
several charges of burglary, and was sentenced to
transportation for lift!.
Considerable progress has been made with the
calendar, owing, however, chiefly to the ignoring of
bills by the grand jury, and the number of prisoners
who pleaded guilty. Among the bills ignored are
both the charges of child murder.
Saturday, August 17.
The business in the Nisi Prius Court to-day has
been of a most uninteresting character. Upwards of
seven hours were consumed by the trial of a case in
which the question was, whether certain goods which
had been seized by the assignees of a bankrupt were
really the bankrupt's property or that of his brother,
who had purchased them, as the plaintiff's case stood,
under a bill of sale. The next action was one, which
was in effect undefended, upon some bills of exchange;
and the third was an action of ejectment, where, the
plaintiff having made out a prima facie case, a com-
plete legal answer to the action was made out by proof
of a feofment and fine. This closed the day's pro-
ceedings at six o'clock.
CROWN COURT.—(Before Mr. Sergeant ATCHERLEY.)
Francis Augustus Cox, a person ;very respectably
connected, was iudicted for stealing, at Bristol, on the
15th of May last, a certain order for the payment of
291. 1 ls. the property of the Postmaster-General.
Mr. Whateley, Mr. Godson, and Mr. Bros, ap-
peared for the prosecution.
Upon being, arraigned, the prisoner pleaded guilty
to the charge.
Mr. Sergeant ATCHERLEY sentenced him to nine
calendar months' imprisonment, with hard labour.

NORTHERNCIRCUIT.—LiverpooI, Aug. 16.
The Learned Judges of Assize arrived here last
evening from Lancaster, and opened the Commission
of Assize for the southern division of this county.
This morning their Lordships attended Divine ser-
vice, and about noon proceeded to business. The
Lord Chief Baron presides in the Crown Court, and
Mr. Justice Creswell on the Civil Side.
The cause list contains an entry of 37 causes for
the first list, which includes the hundred of Salford,
and 95 for the second list, for the West Derby hun-
dred. It is rumoured that the Solicitor-General, Sir
F. Thesiger, comes down on a special retainer in two
cases—" Farrer v. Deflinne" and " Milne v. the Cor-
poration of Manchester," in which latter also Mr. F.
Kelly comes down for the plaintiff. •
The calendar contains the names of 86 prisoners.
There is one case of murder, 5 of attempts to mur-
der, 7 of manslaughter, 4 of rape, 10 of burglary, 5
of cutting and wounding, and 2 of throwing vitriol.
CROWN SIDE.
Richard Woodhouse, a youth of about 17 years of
age, was indicted for throwing a corrosive fluid over
Jane Liffey, with intent to injure her.
Mr. Green conducted the prosecution, and Mr. J.
Pollock the defence.
It appeared from the evidence, that on the 16th of
May last some children, among whom was the child
who was injured, and who was little more than two
years old, were playing in Penny-street, Manchester,
near her mother's house. The prisoner, who had
been sent by his master to a shop for some aqua-
fortis, was returning in that direction, when he met
the poor little child, and without any provocation
poured some of the liquid on the back of her neck,
in consequence of which she was severely injured.
She was taken to the infirmary, where she remained
six or seven weeks before she was sufficiently re-
covered to be discharged.
Mr. J. Pozzacx, in addressing the jury for the