The Sun.
London, England, 1845-12-30 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 30, 184

who had made a settlement, you shall not avail yourself, centuries before they had been entered by Captain Ber-
of your possession, because this was taken in violation keley, under the Austrian flag.
of smother outstanding title : and although I must ad- It is unnecessary to detail the discoveries off the
mit that you have also acquired this outstanding title, yet Spaniards as they regularly advanced to the north from
even this shall avail you nothing, because, having taken the settlements on the western coasts of North America,
possession previously to your purchase, you thereby until we reach the voyage of Captain Juan Perez, in
evietered that you did not regard such title as valid. And 1774. That navigator was commissioned by the viceroy
yet, such is the mode by which the British Plenipoten- of Mexico to proceed, in the corvette Santiago, to the
teary has attempted to destroy both the American and 60th degree of north latitude; and from that point to
iSpanish titles. On the contrary, in the case mentioned, examine the coast down to Mexico. He sailed from San
the possession and the outstanding title being united in Blas on the 25th January, 1774. In the performance of
the same individual, these conjoined would be as perfect this commission he -landed first on the north-west coast
LS if both had been vested in him from the beginning. of Queen Charlotte's Island, near the 54th degree of
The undersigned, whilst strongly asserting both these north latitude ; and thence proceeded south along the
titles, and believing each of them separately to be good shore of that island and of the great islands of Quadra
as against Great Britain, has studiously avoided insti- and Vancouver; and then along the coast of the conti-
tuting any comparison between them. But admitting, nent, until he reached Monteroy. He went on shore,
for the sake of the argument merely, that the discovery and held intercourse with the natives at several places;
by Captain Gray of the mouth of the Columbia, its ex- and especially at the entrance of a bay, in latitude 291
ploration by Lewis and Clarke, and the settlement upon deg., which he called Port San Lorenz3-the same now
its banks at Astoria, were encroachments on Spain, she, known by the name of Nootka Sound. In addition to
and she alone had a right to complain. Great Bi itain the journals of this voyage, which render the fact incon-
was a third party ; and, as such, had no right to inter- testible, wehave the high authority of Baron Humboldt
fere in the question between Spain and the United States. in its favour. That distinguished traveller, who had
But Spair, instead of complaining of these acts as access to the manuscriptdocuments in the city of
encroachments, on the 22d February, 1819, by Mexico, states that " Perez and his pilot E-e_ van
the Florida treaty, transferred the whole title Martinez left the port of San Blas 24th January, 1774.
to the United States. From that moment, all On the 9th August they anchored (the first of all Euro-
possible conflict between the two titles was ended, both peen navigators) in Nootka roads, which they called the
being united in the same party. Two titles which might port of San Lorenz.), and which the illustrious Couk,
have conflicted, therefore, were thus blended together. four years afterwards, called King George's Sound."
The title now vested in the United States it just LS strong In the next year (1775) the viceroy of Mexico again
as though every act of discovery, exploration, and settle- fitted out the Santiago, under the command of Bruno
ment on the part of bath powers had been performed by Heceta with Perez, her former commander, as ensign,
Spain alone, before she had transferred all herrights to :he and also a schooner, called the Sonora, commanded by
United States. The two Powers are one in this respect; Juan Francesco de la, Bodega y Quadra. These vessels
the two titles are one ; and, as the undersigned will were commissioned to examine the north. we stern coast of
show hereafter, they serve to confirm and strengthen each America as far as the 65th degree of latitude, and sailed
other. It Great Britain, instead of the United States, in company from San Blas on the 15th March, 1775.
had acquired the title of Spain, she might have contended It is unnecessary to enumerate the different places on
that those acts of the United States were encroachments, the coast examined by these navigators, either in corn
but, standing in the attitude of a stranger to both titles, pany or separately. Suffice it to say, that they landed at
she has no right to interfere in the matter. many places on the coast from the 41st to the 57th de-
'The undersigned deems it unnecessary to pursae this gree of latitude, on all of which occasions they took pos-
branch of the subject further than to state that the United session of the country in the name of their sovereign,
States, before they had acquired the title of Spain, always according to a prescribed regulation ; celebrating mass,
treated that title with respect. In the negotiation of 1818, reading declarations asserting the right of Spain to the
the American Plenipotentiaries " did not assert that the territory, and erecting crosses with inscriptions, to com-
United States had a perfect right to that country ; but memorate the event. Some of these crosses were after-
insisted that their claim was at least good against Great wards found standing by British navigators. In rela-
Britain," and the convention of October 20, 1818, unlike tion to these voyages, Baron Humboldt says, "In the
that of Nootka Sound, reset ved the claims of any other following year (1775, after that of Perez), a second
power or state to any part of the said country. This re- expedition set out from San Blas, under the command of
serration could hare been intended for Spain alone. But, Heceta, Ayala, and Quadra. He discovered the mouth
ever since the United States acquired the Spanish title, of the Rio Columbia, called it the Entrada de Heceta, the
they have always asserted and maintained their right in peak of San Jacinto (Mount Edgecomb, near Norfolk
the strongest terms up to the Russian line, even whilst Bay), and the fine port of Bucareli. I possess two very
offering, for the sake of harmony and peace, to divide curious small maps, engraved in 1788, in the city of
the territory in dispute by the 49th parallel of latitude. Mexico, which give the bearings of the coast from the
The British Plenirotentiary, then, has entirely failed 27th to the 58th degree of latitude, as they were disco-
to sustain his position, that the United States can found vered in the expedition of Quadra."
no claim on discovery, exploration, and settlement, with- In the face of these incontestible facts, the British
out admitting the principles of the Nootka convention. Pienipotentiary says "that Captain Cook must also be
That convention died on the commencement of the war considered the discoverer of Nootka Sound, in conse-
between Spain and England, in 1796, and has never since quence of the want of authenticity in the alleged previous
been revived, discovery of that port by Perez." And yet Cook did not
The British Plenipotentiary next" endeavours to prove even sail from England until the 12th July, 1776, nearly
that, even if the Nootka Sound convention had ever ex- two years after Perez made this discovery. The chief
isted, the position of Great Britain in regard to her claim, object of Cook's voyage was the discovery of a north-
whether to the whole or to any particular portion of the west passage, and he never landed at any point of the
Oregon territory is at least as good as that of the United continent south of Nootka Sound. It is true, that in
States." In order to establish this position he must show coasting along the continent, before he reached this place,
that the British claim is equal in validity to the titles he had observed Cape Flattery, but he was entirely igno-
both of Spain and the United States. These can never rant that this was the southern entrance of the straits of
now be separated. They are one and the same. Diffe- Fuca. In his journal he admits that he had heard. some
rent and diverging as they may have been before the account of the Spanish voyages of 1774 and 1775, before
Florida treaty, they are now blended together and iden- he left England; and it is beyond question that, before
tified. The separate discoveries, explorations, and set- his departure, accounts of the voyage of Quadra had
tlements of the two powers previous to that date must now been published both in Madrid and London. From
be considered as if they had all been made by the Nootka Sound Cook did not again see land until he
United States alone. Under this palpable view of the reached the 57th degree of north latitude.
subject, the undersigned was surprised to find that in the In 1787, it is alleged by the British Plenipotentiary
comparison and contrast instituted by the British Pleni- that Captain Berkeley, a British subject, discovered the
potentiary between the claim of Great Britain and that Straits of Fuca; but these straits had been discovered by
of the United States, he had entirely omitted to refer to Juan de Fuca, nearly two centuries before. Besides, if
the discoveries, explorations and settlements made by there had been any merit in this discovery of Captain
Spain. The undersigned will endeavour to supply the Berkeley, it would have belonged to Austria, in whose
omission,
service he was, and under whose colours he sailed, and
But before he proceeds to the main argument on this cannot be appropriated to Great Britain.
point, he feels himself constrained to express his surprise And here it is worthy of remark that these disco-
that the British Plenipotentiary should again have invoked veries of Cook and Berkeley, in 1778 and 1787, are all
in support of the British title the inconsistency between those on which the British Plenipotentiary relies pre-
the Spanish and American branches of the title of the vious to the date of the Nootka Sound Convention, in
United States. The undersigned cannot forbear to con- October, 1790, to defeat the ancient Spanish title to the
gratulate himself upon the fact, that a gentleman of north-west coast of America.
Mr. Pakenham's acknowledged ability has been reduced The undersigned will now take a position which can-
tenhe necessity of relying chiefly upon such a snpport not, in his opinion, be successfully assailed ; and that is,
for sustaining the British pretensions. Stated in brief, that no discovery, exploration, or settlement, made by
the argument is this : the American title is not good Great Britain on the north-west coast of America,
against Great Britain, because inconsistent with that of after the date of the Nootka Sound Convention, and
-Spain ; and the Spanish title is not good against Great before it was terminated by the war of 1796, can
Britain, because inconsistent with that of the United be invoked by that Power in favour of her own
States. The undersigned had expected something far title, or against the title of Spain. Even according to
different from such an argument in a circle. He had the British construction of that Convention, the sove-
anticipated that the British Plenipotentiary would have reignty over the territory was to remain in abeyance
attempted to prove that Spain had no right to the north- during its continuance, as well in regard to Great
western coast of' America ; that it was vacant and un- Britain as to Spain. It would, therefore, have
appropriated ; and hence, under the law of nations, was been an open violation of faith on the part of Great
open to discovery, exploration, and settlement by all Britain, after having secured the privileges conferred
nations. But no such thing. On this vital point of his upon her by the convention, to turn round against her
case he rests his argument solely on the declaration partner, and perform any acts calculated to divest Spain
made by the undersigned, that the title of the United of her ultimate sovereignty over any portion of this
States to the valley of the Columbia:was perfect and corn- country. The palpable meaning of the convention was,
plete before the treaties of joint occupation of October, that during its continuance the rights of the respective
1818, and August, 1827, and before the date of the parties, whatever they may have been, should remain
Florida treaty, in 1819. just as they had existed at its commencement.
But the British Plenipotentiary ought to recollect that The Government of Great Britain is not justly charge-
this title was asserted to be complete, not against Spain, able with any such breach of faith. Captain Vancouver
but against Great Britain ; that the argument was con acted without instructions in attempting to take posses-
duoted not against a Spanish but a British Plenipoten- sion of the whole north-western coast of America in
tiary ; and that the United States, and not Great Bri- the name of his sovereign. This officer, sent out from
tain, represent the Spanish title. And further, that the England to execute the convention, did not carry with
statement from which he extracts these declarations was him any authority to violate it in this outrageous
almost exclusively devoted to prove, in the language manner.
quoted by the British Plenipotentiary himself, that Without this treaty, be would !have been almere:in-
" Spain had a good title, as against Great Britain, to the truder; under it, Great Britain had a right to make
whole of the Oregon territory." The undersigned has discoveries and surveys, not thereby to acquire title, but
never, as before observed, instituted any comparison merely to enable her subjects to select spots the most
between the American and Spanish titles. Holding both advantageous, to use the language of the convention,
-having a perfect right to rely on both, whether jointly " for the purpose of carrying on their commerce with
or separately-he has strongly asserted each of them in the natives of the country, or of making settlements
their turn, fully persuaded that either the one or the there."
other is good against Great Britain ; and that no human If this construction of the Nootka Sound Convention
ingenuity can make the Spanish title, now vested in the be correct-and the undersigned does not perceive how
United States, worse than it would have been had it re- it can be questioned-then Vancouver's passage through
mained in the hands of Spain. the Straits of Fuca, in 1792, and Alexander Mackenzie's
Briefly to illustrate and enforce that title shall be the journey across the continent in 1793, can never be trans-
remaining task of tho undersigned. formed into elements of title in favour of Great Britain.
And, in the first place, he cannot but commend the But even if the undersigned could be mistaken in these
frankness and candour of the British Plenipotentiary positions, it would be easy to prove that Captain John
in departing from the course of his predecessors, and Kendrick, in the American sloop Washington, passed
rejecting all discoveries previous to those of Captain through the Straits of Fuca in 1789, three years before
Cook, in the year 1778, as foundations of British title. Captain Vancouver performed the same voyage. The
Commencing with discovery at a period so late, the very instructions to the latter, before he left England, in
Spanish title, on the score of antiquity, presents a January 1791, refers to this fact, which has been com-
strong contrast to that of Great Britain. The under- municated to the British Government by Lieutenant
signed had stated as an historical and " striking fact, Meares, who has rendered his name so notorious by its
which must have an important bearing against the connexion with the transactions preceding the Nootka
chant of Great Britain, that this convention (the Nootka) Sound Convention. It is, moreover, well known that the
which was dictated by her to Spain, contains no pro- whole southern division of the straits had been explored
vision impairing the ultimate sovereignty which that by the Spanish navigators Elisa and Quimper-the first
power has asserted for nearly three centuries over the in 1790, and the latter in 1791.
whole western side of North America as far north as
the 61st degree of latitude, and which had never been After what has been said, it will be perceived how
seriously questioned by any European nation. This little reason the British Plenipotentiary has for stating
that his Government has, "as far as relates to Van •
jealohad been maintained by Spain with the most vigilant couver's Island, as complete a case of discovery, ex-
usy ever since the discovery of the American con- ploration, and settlement, as can well be presented, giv-
tinent, end had been acquiesced in by all European Go- ing to Great Britain, in any arrangement that may be
vernments. It had been admitted even beyond the lati- made with regard to the territorydispute in the
tude of 54 40 north, by Russia, then the only power strongest
possible claim to the exclusive possession of
having claims which could come in collision with Spain!. that island."
and that, too, under a sovereign peculiarly tenacious oi The discovery thus relied upon is that of Nootka
the territorial rights of her empire."
These historical facts had not been, as they could not Sound by Cook, in 1778: when it has been demonstrated
that this was first discovered by Perez, in 1774. The
be, controverted by the British Plenipotentiary,although exploration is that by Vancouver, in pexamining the coastsassing through the
they were brought under his particular observation, and Straits of Fuca in 1792, and
were even quoted by him with approbation, for the pur- of the territory in dispute, when De Fuca himself had
pose of showing the inconsistency of the 'several titles
de Montmorin, the Secretary of the Foreign part- Perez and Quadra. As to possession, if Meares was
: "By the ever restored to his possessions at Nootka Sound, what-
treaties, demarcations, taking possession, and the most ever these may have been, the undersigned has never
decided acts of sovereignty exercised by the Spaniards in seen any evidence of the fact. It is not to be found
those stations from the reign of Charles 11., and autho- in the journal of Vancouver, although this officer was
rised by that monarch in 1692, the original vouchers for sent from England for the avowed purpose of witnessing which shall be brought forward in the course of the ne-
such a restoration. The undersigned knows not whether
gotiation, all the coast to the north of the western any new understanding took place between the British
America, on the side of the South Sea, as far as beyond and Spanish Governments on this subject ; but one fact
what is called Prince William's Sound, which is in the is placed beyond all doubt, that the Spaniards continued
61st degree, is acknowledged to belong exclusively to in the undisturbed possession of Nootka Sound until the
Spain."
year 1795, when they voluntarily abandoned the place.
Compared with this ancient claim of Spain, acquiesced
Great Britain has never, at any tnne since occupied this in by all European nations for centuries, the claim of
or any other position on Vancouver's Island. Thus, on
Great Britain, founded on discoveries commenced at so
the score of either discovery, exploration, or possession,
late a period as the year 1778, must make an unfavour- this island seems to be the very last portion of the ter-
able first impression.
ritory in dispute to which she can assert a just claim.
Spain considered the north-west coast of America as In the meantime, the United States were proceeding
exclusively her own. She did not send out expeditions to explore that coast, for the purpose of rendering her • h the discoveries which served to complete and con-
title the Spanish American title to the whole of the
title more valid. When it suited her own convenience,
or
territory.
terrs'
Promoted her own interest, she fitted out such ex- disputed e
in June, 1789, in the sloop
.
peditions of discovery to ascertain the character and ex-
Captain Robert Gray,
tent of her own territory ; and yet her discoveries Washington, first explored the whole eastern coast of
along that coast are far earlier than those of the Queen Charlotte's island.
British.
In the autumn of the same year, Captain John Ken-
in 1
That Juan de Fnca,
a Greek in the service of Spain, drick-having in the meantime surrendered the corn-
592, discovered and sailed through the strait now mend of the Columbia to Captain Gray-sailed, as had
bearing his name, from its southern to its northern ex-
been already stated, in the sloop Washington, entirely
tremity, and thence returned by the same passage, no through the Straits of Fuca.
]anger admits of a reasonable doubt. An account of the In 1791, Captain Gray returned to the North Pacific
voyage was published in London in 1625, in a work in the Columbia, and in the summer of that year exa-
culled " The Pilgrims," by Samuel Purchas. This ac- mined many of the inlets and passages between the 54th
count was received from the lips of Fuca himself at and 56th degrees of latitude, which the undersigned
Venice, in April, 1596, by Michael Lock, a highly re- considers it unnecessary to speed)...
spectable English merchant.
On the 7th May, 1792, he discovered and entered
During a long period this voyage was deemed fabu- Bulfinch's harbour, where he remained at anchor three
lous, because subsequent navigators had in vain at- days, trading with the Indians.
tempted to find these straits. Finally, after they bad On the 11 th May, 1792, Captain Gray entered the
been found, it was discovered that the descriptionsofDe mouth of the Columbia and completed the discovery of
Fuca corresponded so accurately with their geography,
that great river. This river had been long sought in
vain by fbrmer navigators. Both Meares and ant] the facts presented by nature upon the ground, that
couver, after examination, had denied its existence.
Van-
it was no longer possible to consider his narration
.as
Thus is the world indebted to the enterprise, perseve-
fabulous. It is true that the opening of the straits
engine, and intelligence of an American captain of a
from the south lies between the 48th and 49th parallels
rtradit: vessel for their first knowledge of this, the
of latitude, and not between the 47th and 48tharallels; greatest
as be had supposed; but this mistake may bee plainen whose head springs on
the western coast of America-a river
by the inaccuracy so common throughout the sixteenth Afoun tains, and whose ilsflow, from the gorges of the
_ Rocktyo
e l
a titu branches
de
. eTichtiFsn dwfarso from
et the 43d to
century in ascertaining the latitude of places in newly-
the 53d parallels of
discovered countries.
all future time
It is also true that De Fuca, after passing through most important discovery on the coast
and has perpe-
tuated the name of Robert Gray. It;
these straits, supposed he had reached the Atlantic, and
had discovered the passage so long and so anxiously •
th?t was true that Bruno Heceta, in the year 1775, had great river will bear the name of his veseel.
sought after, between the two oceans; but from the total
ignorance and misapprehension which prevailed at that been opposite the Bay of the Columbia ; and the cur-
early day of the geography of this portion of North rents and eddies of the water caused him, as he remarks
America, it was natural for him to believe that he h,
.d
to believe that this was " the mouth of some great river,
" or of some passage. to another sea ; and his opinion
made this YoPortant discovery.
Justice qps at length been done to his memory, and
seems decidedly to have been tear
these straits which he discovered will, in all future time, Juan
the great dif-
ardethFisuc waa L thel 59o2p.eni Tong
of the strait discovered by 9a h
bear his name. Thus, the merit of the discovery of the use his own language : "No
straita of Fuca belongs to Spy; and this nearly two ference between the position of this Bay and the passage

mentioned by De Fuca, I have little difficulty in con-
ceiving that they may be the same, having observed
equal or greater differences in the latitude of other capes
and ports on the coast, as I shall show at its proper
time ; and in all cases the latitude thus assigned are
higher than the real ones."
lleceta, from his own declaration, had never entered
the Columbia ; and he was in doubt whether the open-
ing was a mouth of a river or an arm of the sea ; and
subsequent examinations of the coast by other navi-
gators had rendered the opinion universal that no such
river existed, when Gray first bore the American flag
across its bar, sailed up its channel for twenty-five
miles, and remained in the river nine days, trading with
the Indians.
The British Plenipotentiary attempts to depreciate the
value to the United States of Gray's discovery, because
his ship (the Columbia) was a trading, and not a na-
tional, vessel. As he furnishes no reason for this dis-
tinction, the undersigned will confine himself to the re-
mark that a merchant vessel bears the flag of her coun-
try at her mast•head,: and continues under its jurisdic-
tion and protection, in the same manner as though she
had been commissioned for the express purpose of making
discoveigee.. Besides, beyond all doubt, this discovery
was made by Gray ; and to what nation could the benefit
of it belong, unless it be to the United States ? Certainly
not to Great Britain. And if to Spain, the United States
are now her representatives.
Nor does the undersigned perceive in what manner
the value of this great discovery can be lessened by the
fact that it was first published to the world through the
journal of Vancouver, a British authority. On the con
trary, its authenticity being thus acknowledged by the
party having an adverse interest, is more firmly esta-
blished than if it had been first published in the United
States.

Upon his accession to office, he found the present ne-
gotiation pending. It had been instituted in the spirit
and upon the principle of compromise. Its object, as
avowed by the negotiators, was not to demand the whole
territory in dispute for either country ; but in the lan-
guage of the first protocol, " to treat of the respective
claims of the two countries to the Oregon territory, with
the view to establish a permanent boundary between
them westward of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific
Ocean."

Placed in this position, and considering that Presidents
Monroe and Adams had, on former occasions, offered to
divide the territory in dispute by the forty-ninth parallel
of latitude, he felt it to be his duty not abruptly. to arrest
the negotiation ; but so far to yield his own opinion as
once more to make a similar offer.
Not only respect for the conduct of his predecessors,
but sincere and anxious desire to promote peace and
harmony between the two countries, influenced him to
pursue this course. The Oregon question presents the
only intervening cloud which intercept; the prospect of
a long career of mutual friendship arid beneficial com-
merce between the two nations, and this cloud he desired
to remove.

These are the masons which actuated the President to
offer a proposition so liberal to Great Britain.
And how has this propositio❑ bt.en received by the
British Plenipotentiary? It has been rejected without
even a reference to his own Government; nay, more,
the British Plenipotentiary, to u:;e his own language,
" trusts that the American Plenipotentiary will be pre-
pared to offer some further proposal for the settlement
of the Oregon vestion more consistent with fairness and
equity, and with the reasonable expectations of the Bri-
tish Government."

Under such circumstances the undersigned is in-
' structed by the President to say that he owes it to his
own country, and a just appreciation of her title to the
Oregon territory, to withdraw the preposition to the
British Government which had been made under his
direction; and it is hereby accordingly withdrawn.
In taking this necessary step the President still
cherishes the hope that this long. pending controversy
may yet be finally acljuis ted in such a manner as nut to
disturb the peace or interrupt the harmony now so
happily subsisting between the two nations.—The under-
signed avails himself, &c.,

From a careful examination and review of the subject,
the undersigned ventures the assertion, that to Spain
and the United States belong all the merit of the disco-
very of the north-west coast of America south of the
Russian line, not a spot of which, unless it may have
been the shores of some of the interior bays and inlets,
after the entrance to them had been known, was ever
beheld by British subjects, until after it had been seen
or touched by a Spaniard or an American. Spain pro-
ceeded in this work of discovery, not as a means of ac-
quiring title, but for the purpose of examining and sur-
veying territory to which she believed she had an incon-
testable right. This title had been sanctioned for cen-
turies by the acknowledgment or acquiescence of all the
European Powers. The United States alone could have
disputed this title, and that only to the extent of the
region watered by the Columbia. The Spanish and
American titles, now united by the Florida treaty, can-
not be justly resisted by Great Britain. Considered to-
gether, they constitute a perfect title to the whole terri-
tory in dispute, ever since the 11th of May, 1792, when
Captain Gray passed the bar at the mouth of the Co-
lumbia, which he had observed in August, 1788.
The undersigned will now proceed to show that the
title of the United States, at least to the possession of
the territory at the mouth of the Columbia, has been
acknowledged by the most solemn and unequivocal acts
of the British Government.
After the purchase of Louisiana from France, the Go-
vernment of the United States fitted out an expedition,
under Messrs. Lewis and Clarke, who, in 1805, first ex-
plored the Columbia, from its source to its mouth, pre-
paratory to the occupation of the territory by the United
States.
In 1811, the settlement of Astoria was made by the
Americans near the mouth of the river, and several
other posts were established in the interior along its
banks. The war of 1812 between Great Britain and the
United States thus found the latter in peaceable posses-
sion of that great region. Astoria was captured by
Great Britain during the war. The treaty of peace Cort-
i eluded at Ghent in December, 1814, provided that " all
territory, places, and possessions whatsoever, taken by
either party from the other during the war," &c. &c.,
"shall be returned without delay." In obedience to the
provisions of this treaty, Great Britain restored Astoria
to the United States ; and this is admitted in the most
solemn manner, not only that it had been an American
territory or possession at the commencement of the war,
but that it had been captured by British arms during its
continuance. It is now too late to gainsay or explain
away these facts. Both the treaty of Ghent, and the
acts of the British Government under it, disprove the
allegations of the British Plenipotentiary, that Astoria
passed " into British hands by the voluntary act of the
persons in charge of it," and that it was restored to the
United States in 1818, with certain well-authenticated
reservations.
In reply to the first of these allegations, it is true that
the agents of the (American) Pacific Fur Company,
before the capture of Astoria, on the 16th of October,
1818, had transferred all that they could transfer—the
private property of the Company—to the (British)
North-west Company; but it will scarcely be contended
that such an arrangement could impair the sovereign
rights of the United States to the territory. Accord-
ingly, the American flag was still kept flying over the
fort until the Ist December, 1813, when it was captured
by his Majesty's sloop-of-war Rackoon, and the British
flag was then substituted.
That it was not restored to the United States " with
certain well- authenticated reservations," fully appears
from this act of restoration itself, bearing date 6th
October, 1818. This is as absolute and unconditional
as the English language can make it. That this was the
intention
ts d si
of
iLordou
om
Castlereaghr
rßush f h
cleaorly taPePergh ft of from
the
m
Americans his
previous
to be reinstated, and to the party in posses-
sion while treating on the title. If British Mite
afterwards, in dispatches to their own agents, the con
tents of which were not communicated to the Govern-
ment of the United States, thought proper to protest
against our title, these were, in effect, but mere mental
reservations, which could not affect the validity of their
own solemn and unconditional act of restoratien.
But the British Plenipotentiary, notwithstanding the
American discovery of the Columbia by Captain Gray,
and the exploration by Lewis and Clarke of several of
its branches, from their sources in the Rocky Mountains,
as well as its main channel to the ocean, contends that
because Thompson, a British subject in the employment
of the North West Company, was the first who navigated
the northern branch of that river, the British Govern-
ment thereby acquired certain rights against the United
States, the extent of which he does not undertake to
specify. In other words, that after one nation has dis-
covered and explored a great river, and several tributa-
ries, and made settlements on its banks, another nation,
if it could find a single branch on its broad waters which
had not been actually explored, might appropriate to
itself this branch, together with the adjacent territory.
If this could have been done, it would have produced
perpetual strife and collision among the nations after the
discovery of America. It would have violated the wise
principle consecrated by the practice of nations, which
gives the valley drained by a river and its branches to
the nation which had first discovered and appropriated
its mouth.
But, fur another reason, this alleged discovery of
Thompson has no merits whatever. His journey was
undertaken on behalf of the North West Company for
the mere purpose of anticipating the United States in
the occupation of the Columbia—a territory to which no
nation, unless it may have been Spain, could with any
show of justice dispute their right. They had acquired
it by discovery and by exploration, and were now in the
act of taking possession. It was in an enterprise under-
taken for such a purpose that Thompson, in hastening
from Canada to the mouth of the Columbia, descended
the north, arbitrarily assumed by Great Britain to be
the main, branch of the river. The period was far too
late to impair the title either of Spain or the United
States by any such proceeding.
Mr. Thompson, on his return, was accompanied by a
party from Astoria, under Major Stuart, who established
a post at the confluence of the Okinagan with the north
branch of the Columbia, about six hundred miles above
the mouth of the latter.
In the next year (1812) a second trading post was
established by a party from Astoria, on the Spoken,
about six hundred and fifty miles from the ocean.
It thus appears that, previous to the capture of them
by the British, the Americans had extended their posses-
sions up the Columbia six hundred and fifty miles. The
mere intrusion of the North West Company into this terri-
tory, and the establishment of two or three trading posts
in 1811 and 1812, on the head waters of the river, can
surely not interfere with, or impair the Spanish Ameri-
can title. What this company may have done in the in-
termediate period until the 20th October, 1818—the date
of the first treaty of joint occupation—is unknown to the
undersigned, from the impenetrable mystery in which
they have veiled their proceedings. After the date of
this treaty neither Great Britain nor the United States
could have performed any act affee:ing their claims to the
disputed territory.
To sum up the whole, then, Great Britain cannot rest
her claims to the north-west coast of America upon dis-
covery. As little will her single claim by settlement at
Nootka Sound avail her. Even Belsham, her own histo-
rian, forty years ago, declared it to be certain from the
most authentic information, " that the Spanish flag flying
at Nootka was never struck, and that the territory has
been virtually relinquished by Great Britain."
The agents of the North West Company, penetrating
the continent from Canada, in 1806, established their
first trading post west of the Rocky Mountains, at
Fraser's Lake, in the 54th degree of latitude ; and this,
with the trading posts established by Thompson—to
which the undersigned has just adverted--and possibly
some others afterwards previous to October, 1818, con-
stitutes the claim of Great Britain by actual settlement.
Upon the whole, from the most careful and ample ex-
amination which the undersigned has been able to be-
stow upon the subject, he is satisfied that the Spanish
American title, now held by the United States, embrac-
ing the whole territory between the parallels of 42 deg.
and 54 deg. 40 min., is the best title in existence to this
entire region ; and that the claim of Great Britain to
any portion of it has no sufficient foundation. Even
British geographers have not doubted our title to the
territory in dispute. There is a large and splendid
globe now in the department of State, recently received
from London, and published by Maltby and Company,
" manufacturers and publishers to the Society for the
Diffusion of Useful Knowledge," which assigns this ter-
ritory to the United States.
Notwithstanding such was and still is the opinion of
the President, yet, in the spirit of compromise and con-
cession, and in deference. to the action of his predeces-
sors, the undersigned, in obedience to his instructions,
proposed to the British Plenipotentiary to settle the
controversy by dividing the territory in dispute by the
49th parallel of latitude, offering, at the same time, to
make free to Great Britain any port or ports on Van-
couver's island south of this latitude, which the British
Government might desire. The British Plenipotentiary
has correctly suggested that the free navigatioa of the
Columbia river was not embraced in this proposal to
Great Britain ; but, on the other hand, the use of free
ports on the southern extremity of this island had not
been included in former offers.
Such a proposition as that which has been made, never
would have been authorized by the President, had this
been a new question,

JAMES BUCHANAN.
The Right Hon. R. Pakenhara, &c.

COURT CIRCULAR.
WINDSOR, MONDAY.—The Queen and Prince Albert
walked out early, previous to his Royal Highness leav-
ing the Castle on a shoo=ing excursion this morning. Mr.
Anson, Sir Edward Bowater, and Mr. IL Ormsby Gore
attended the Prince out to shoot.
The Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal,
and the Princess Alice were taken their usual sides
and walks in the pleasure-grounds adjacent to the
Castle.

Her Majesty, Prince Albert, and the Court honoured
her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent with their com
pany to dinner this evening at Frogmore house.
The Countess of Desert took leave of hPr Majesty,
previous to her Ladyship's departure for Bristol, en route
to Lord D.'s seat in the county of Kilkenny.
Her Majesty and her Royald Consort promenaded in
the afternoon.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived in town
yesterday afternoon, from Cambridge.
Dispatches from the Governor of the North American
provinces were received yesterday at the Colonial Office,
Dispatches were also received yesterday at the Colonial
Office from the Governors of Ceylon, the Cape of Goo
Hope, and Malta ; and also from the Lord High Corn-
missioner of the lonian Islands.

SUICIDE of COLONEL GURWOOD.
An inquest was held before F. H. Gell, Esq., Coroner
for East Sussex, yesterday morning, at 120, King's-road,
Brighton, to inquire into the circumstances attending
the death of Colonel John GurwooJ, who had termi-
nated his existence on the previous Saturday, by cutting
his throat with a razor. The following witnesses were
examined at the inquest :
Sarah, the wife of George Collins, of 120, King's-road,
lodging-house keeper, deposed that last Tuesday morn-
ing Colonel and Mrs. Gurwood and their three daughters
came there to reside, They brought no servants, and
witness waited upon them. On Saturday she waited on
them at lunch at one o'clock ; soon after this she went up
to bring down the luncheon, when she saw Mrs. Gurwood
dressed, as if she were going out fur a walk. At
a quarter past two o'clock a boy brought the news-
paper, 'which witness took into the drawing-room. She
stirred , the fire. and was going down stairs, when
she glanced into the dressing-room, where the
Colonel and Mrs. Gurwood had slept the night
before, in consequence of the violence of the wind,
and thought sho saw the Colonel's legs lying on the
floor. She did not take much notice, however, as she
understood the Colonel to be ill. She then resumed her
work down stairs, and afterwards mentioned what she
had seen to her husband. It then occurred to her that
she might have been mistaken, as on second thoughts
she considered it very strange that a gentleman should
be stretched along the floor. She accordingly went up
and coughed at the drawing-rooni door. No notice
being taken, she went in and stirred the fire. She then
coughed again, and finding that the Colonel did not
speak, she pulled the door of the dressing-room open,
and then saw him on the floor in a pool of blood, arising,
as she supposed, from his having broken a blood-vessel.
She had previously arranged with her husband that if
everything was not right she would ring, and she now
rang the bell accordingly, and her husband came up.
They deliberated a few seconds as to what was best to
be done, the result of which was that her husband ran
out for Mr. E. J. Furner, a. surgeon, residing in the
King's-road, who came in about five minutes afterwards.
Mr. E. J. Furner, surgeon, deposed that he was called
on about three o'clock on Saturday afternoon by the
husband of the last witness, who said that a gentleman
was at his house very ill, he believed dying. Witness
went immediately to the house, and was shown into the
bedroom of a gentleman, who he was informed was
Colonel Gurwood. The Colonel was lying on the floor
in a pool of blood. On lifting him up witness found a
razor grasped in his right hand, and a wound on the left
side of the throat, four inches long, and from an inch to
an inch and a half deep. In his opinion, this wound
caused death, and he had no doubt that the death was
instantaneous.
Sir Henry Webster, a lieutenant-colonel in the army,
residing at 44, Brunswick-square, Brighton, deposed
that he had known Colonel Garwood for thirty years.
About a month since the witness heard that he was un-
well. He accordingly visited him and found him out of
sorts, and recommended him to come to Brighton for a
change. Witness heard from Colonel Gurwood's medi-
cal attendant that he was in a weak, low way; and, with
the sanction of that gentleman, suggested that the
Colonel should come down to Brighton,
and stay with
him as long as he pleased. He came down accordingly,
and remained with witness a few days. Witness and
his family endeavoured to divert the Colonel's mind as
much as possible by lively conversation, and getting him
to walk as much as they could. After a few days Mrs.
Gurwood and his three daughters came down, and they
took a lodging in the King's-road.
CORONER_ Did you form an opinion as to the state of
his mind? Witness—From his conversation upon poli-
tics, as well as on general subjects, I found that he was
in a very weak and desponding way.
Can you assign any cause for it ?—I have no doubt
that it was all caused by the relaxation of the nerves,
in consequence of his great work, " The Dispatches of
the Duke of Wellington," having been concluded. As
long ago as a month I had seen a change in him,
Dr. George Hall, of the Old Steyne, Brighton, said he
was called in some time since to attend Colonel Gur-
wood, and prescribed for him, after which he rallied and
got a little better. But lately he had fallen into a very
desponding mood indeed, and witness treated him ac-
cordingly, and had great hopes that he would get better.
His despondency, however, returned, and he believed
that such despondency was sufficient to cause tempo-
rary insanity in any one.
This being all the evidence, the CORONER summed up,
and the jury returned a verdict, " That the deceased
destroyed himself while in a state of temporary insanity."
Colonel Gurwood was an old Peninsular and Waterloo
veteran. At Waterloo, he was upon the staff of the Duke
of Wellington, and filled the important post. of private
secretary to his Grace, a position which gave him pe-
culiar facilities for editing the celebrated " Wellington
Dispatches," with which his name will be handed down
to posterity. The Duke of Wellington rewarded the
Gallant Officer's fidelity by appointing him Deputy-
Lieutenant of the Tower, an office which he has held,
with much credit to himself, for some years past, and
which becomes vacant by his death. He entered the
army as ensign on the 30th of March, 1808 ; became
Lieutenant in August,lBo9 ; Captain in February, 1812;
Major in March, 1817 ; Lieut.-Colonel in March, 1827 ;
attaining his rank as full Colonel in November, 1841. In
July, 1830, he was placed on the Unattached List.
Host's Army List thus describes the military services
of the unfortunate deceased :—" Colonel Gurwood
served in the Peninsula with the 52d Foot from August,
1808, to January, 1812 ; and subsequently, to the end
of that war, in 1814. as Major of Brigade to the House-
hold Cavalry, and to Major-General Lambert's Brigade
in the 6th division of Infantry : be was present at the
siege and storm of' CiucLd Rodrigo, where he led the
forlorn hope of the light division ; he was also at the
storming of Fort Renaud ; and at the battles of Vittoria,
Salamanca, Nivclle, Nive, Orthes, and Toulouse. The
gallant officer also served through the campaign of 1815,
and was severely wounded at the battle of Waterloo;
severely wounded also at Sabugal, and slightly at Ciudad
Rodrigo."

[sters

LETTERS OF ROYAL AND ILLUSTRIOUS LADIES OF
GREAT BRITAIN, edited from the originals, with introductory
notices, by Mary Anne Everett Wood, 3 vols. small Bvo. with
fac simile autographs, price 31s. Gd. The above work is pub-
fished this day, by Mr. Colburn, of Great Marlborough-street,
and may now be had of all booksellers. Mr. Co!burn has
also just published, 2. The New Timon, a Romance of London,
part 1.-3. Two Romances by B. Disraeli, Esq., MY-,
1. Contarini Fleming. 2. Alroy, comprised in 3 vole. with
portrait of the author.-4. vol. 5 of. The Nelson Letters and
Dispatches.-5. The Comic Annual for 1846, a re-publication
of Mr. Hood's " Whimsicalities," in 1 vol., with 45 illustra-
tions by Leech, &c., 12s. bound.-6. A second edition of Lady
Hester Stanhope's Memoirs, 8 vols.-7. Evenings at 'Haddon
Hall, 1 vol., with 24 engravings by the first artists, from
designs by George Cattermole, 318. 6d. bound, and 8. A
third edition of "The Crescent and the Cross," by Eliot
Warburton, Esq., 2 vols.
Thd good service pension of 300/ per annum,
which reverted to the Admiralty on the death of Admiral
Sir Charles Rowley, Bait, is conferred on Sir William
Hothatn, G.C.8., Admiral of the White.—Hampshire Tele-
graph.

FASTERN COVNTIES RAILWAY
The Public are informed that the following ALTERATIONS'
in the arrangement of the PASSENGER TRAINS will conic into
operation on the Ist January, 1846, viz. :
CAMBRIDGE LINE.—DOWN TRAINS.
Two additional TraiNS, consisting of First, Second, and Third
Class Carriages, will leave London for Hertford and Intermediate
Stations, at 10.30 A.M., and 1 30 r.m. respectively, every day
except Sundays.
The Trains leaving London for Hertford at Twelve o'clock Noon,
and 4.30, and Seven o'Clock Evening, will consist of First, Second,
and Third Class Carriages, and not First and Second Class only as
heretofore, and will stop, if required, to take up or set down paasen
gers at any of the intermediate Stations.
The 2.30. P.M. Train from London to Ely and intermediate Stations
will have First and Second Class Carriages attached, in addition to
Third Class, as at present.

UP TRAINS.
Two additional Trains of First, Second, and Third Class car
stages will leave Hertford for London at 10.45 A.M., and
2.30 P.M. respectively, stopping, if required, at any of the Interme-
diate stations.
The 8.15 and 9.15 (not 9.30, as heretofore) A.m., and 12.30 P.M.
trains will take First, Second, and Third Class Passengers, and not
First and Second Class only, as at present, and the 9.15 train will, if
required, stop at any of the intermediate stations between Hertford
and London.

The 9.30 A. 31. train from Ely to London, and intermediate sta-
tions, will hereafter consist of First, Second, and Third Class carriages.
The Mail train, heretofore arriving in London at 5.22 A.M., will be
due at five o'clock.
COLCHESTER LINE.—DOWN TRAINS.
The 7.30 A.m. Train from London will be discontinued, Third
Class Carria4es being attached to the 8.30 A.m. Train.
The One o'Clock P.M. Train from London will consist of First,
Second, and Third Class Carriages, and goods will be discontinued to
be sent by this Train.

ILLUSTRATED BY LEECH, AND WITH A PORTRAITI OF
ALFRED CROWQUILL, FROM THE ORIGINAL PAINTNG
BY M. BAUGNIET.
The January Number, price Half-a-crown, of
BENTb E Y'S MISCELLANY,
contain
BRIAN O'L/ific ; OR,Will LUCK IS EVERYTHING.
By W. H. MAXWELL, Esq.,
Author of "Stories of Waterloo," " Wild Sports of the West," &c.
With an Illustration by Leech.
Chapter 3—lnidsturk—Boyhood of Brian O'Lynn—Misther Toole
changes his Profession.
Chapter 4—More Passazes in a young Life—Love will be the Lord of
all—Loss of a Protector. -
Early Years of a Veteran of the Army of Westphalia, between
1805-14.
An Anecdotical Account of Play, Houses of Play, and Play-men—
Gaming, Gaming-houses, and Gamesters.
The Jolly Miller, and Jack and Gill—Monkish Ballads.
Loiterings along Love Passages. By Everard Clive.
There was a Time In Infancy.
The Retreat to Corunna—.Anecdotes of the Peninsular War, from the
Recollections of Rifleman Harris, edited by H. Curling.
A REAL COUNTRY GHOST STORY.
BY ALBERT SMITH.
Memoirs of Alfred Crowquill, with a Portrait, from the Original
Painting. By M. Baugniet.
The Avenger's Witness against Murder—Sleeplesss because Criminal
Retirement—The Gaol-Chaplain.
The Picture, a Slight Sketch. By Alfred Crowquil
The Duke and his Portraits—Return from Hawking—A Baronial Hall
in the Olden Time—The School—New Engravings.
The Death of i'-appho.
Quacks and Quackery. By a Physician.
OUTPOURINGS. /3.37 D. CANTER.
(LIBATION IX.)
The Histrionic Art—Cooke—Knight—The Unpopular Tragedian—
Amateur Actors—Earl Fltzhardinge—Major Dawkins—Lord Fre-
derick Lennox, &c.—Amateur Theatricals—The Unwashed Othello
—Kean at the Louvre—Stage Fright—The Performances, &c.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

The ISO P.M. lrain from London will be discontinued, and a Train
at 2.13 substituted.

The Train leaving London at Three o'clock will be EXPRESS,
stopping at Romford, Brentwood, and Chchnsford, and arriving at
Colchester at about 4.30 o'clock.
Tho 6.30 P.M. Train from London to Brentwood, and intermediate
stations, will have Third Class Carriages attached, in addition to First
and Second as at present.

PRAINS.
The Six o'clock P.M. Train, from Colchester, will consist of First,
Second, and Third Class Carriages.
The Seven o'clock r..m. Train from Colchester will be discon-
tinued.
The Six o'clock P.M. Train from Colchester on Sundays will be dis-
continued, and a Train substituted to leave Colchester at 5.30 P.M.
A considerable Reduction will take place, on the Ist of January
in some of the Short Fares on both lines. For particulars, see Time
Bills, which may be had on application, at any of the Company's
Stations or Coach-offices in connexion with the Company, on and
after the 29th instant.

BL ACK W 0 OD'S MAGAZINE,
No.CCCLXIII. for JANUARY, 1846.

By order,

C. P. Offices, Shoreditch Station, London, Dec ROEY, .
23, 184N5. Secretary.

CpNTENII:--

I. Sir Trillium Follett.—ll. Let never Cruelty dishcnour Beauty.
—III. The Last Hours of a Reign. Conclusion.—lV. A Campaign in
Texas.—y. The Mother and her Dead Child.—Vl. The Greek and
Romantic Drama.—Vll. My College Friends. No. 3.—V111. The
Student of Salamanca. Part 3.—IX. Sicilian SketchesSyracu3iana.
—X. /Esthetics of Dress—Military Costume.—Xl. From GoUthe.—
XII: Christmas Carol, 1845.—X111. The Crisis.

William Blackwood and Sons, 45, George-street, Edinburgh; and
37, Paternoster-row, London.

1119EOPLE'S JOURNAL. On SATURDAY,
.1. the 3d ofJanuary, 1846, will be Issued, No 1., Price THREE-
HALFPENCE, of the PEOPLE'S JOURNAL, an Illustrated Weekly
Periodical, combining Amusement, General Literature and Instzuc-

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.
THIi EVENING
Will be performed the First Act of THE DAUGHTER OF ST.
MARK. Andrea Cornaro, Mr. Borrani ; Moneenigo, Mr. Weiss ;
A (Al o
tiptt deened ooufr et
hyre, MO
pre.
rlaV .I.lrloarraseorn
R;
ICsaLt Catarina
yi n aa en
do ars o,
lONS AI i
through a Series of Classical Exercises.
Alter which, will be repeated a New Grand Ballet, called THE
DEVIL TO PAY, in which Mons. Bretin, Mdlle. Flora Fabbri, Mdile.
s
Dabas (of the Academie Royale, Paris), Mille. Louise, Mr. W. 11.
s willPoo gl Qo.
Payne, Mons. Delferier, Mr. Howell, and Mr. IVieland will appear.
To conclude with a new grand Christmas comic Fantomine, called
HARLEQUIN GULLIVER ; or, Giants and Dwarfs. The New and
extensive Scenery under the direction of Mr. Grieve ; the Overture
and Music by Mr. It Hughes; the Tricks, Transformations, and
Decorations by Mr. Blamire ; the Machinery by Mr. B. Sloman ; the
Dresses by Mr. Bovey, Mrs. Balls, and numerous assistants. The
whole produced under the superintendence of Mr. W. West.
Scene I. INTERIOR OF GUILDHALL. Epoch—Lord Mayor's Day,
1845—between the Dinner and the Ball. Magog and Gog (the City
Giants—once at a premium, now at a discount), Mr. S. Jones and
Mr. 11. Horncastle ; Ge eral Tom Thumb (a Dwarf, but causing a
great panic in the Giant market), Miss Dale.
" Who'll kill the Giants?
I, says Tom Thumb,
As soon as I come,
I'll kill the Giants."—Yankee Nursery Tale.
The Genius of Pantomimic (Chairwoman of the " Christmas Funny
Club"), Miss A. Pay ne.—How Tom Thumb takes the Giants (town a
peeor two—" From words they'd almost come to blows "—Umpire
and Referee, the Genius of Pantomime, who gives her decision in a
manner (it is hoped) satisfactory to her numerous patrons in boxes,
pit, and gallery.

ion, with an earnest and business-like inquiry into the best means
of satisfying the Claims of Industry. Amon the more important
arrangements already made, the Proprietors take the earliest op-
portunity of announcing,
I.—Lectures to the Working Classes, by W. J. Fox, revised by the
author for regular weekly publication in the " People's Journal,"
immediately after their delivery.
2.—Tales for the People, by Mary Howitt.
3.—Eminent Living Persons:—What have they done for the
People? The Literature by William Howitt and others; the Por-
traits by Miss M. Gillies ; the Engravings by Linton.—No. I, Charles
Dickens.

Scene 2. COAST OF TILE ISLAND OF LlLLlPUT.—Discovered A.D.
1699. " Aficr a storm comes a calm." Gulliver (having a passion
for travelling, high and dry on a rock), Mr. W. H. Payne ; Mrs. Gul-
liver (having a passion for her husband, in the same predicament),
Mr. Hance. Extraordinary high tide, and great rush for places.
Timely arrival of the Flying Island. Mrs. Gulliver leaves the rock
to the tune of " Here we go up, up, up"—Gulliver leaves the rock to
• the tune of " Here s e go down, down, down." The tide having
ceased to flow, naturally begins to ebb, and leaves Gulliver to asto-
nish the Lilliputians! Peasants (the real "small natives"), Messrs.
and Mesdames Tiny, Dumpy, Dot, Weebody, Speck, Short, Small,
Trot, Littlejohn, &c. &c. ; Inspector of the A division of Lilliputian
Police, Mr. Stumpy ; Policemen, Messrs. Move-a-way, Clear-the-
way, Push-a-long, Walk-on, &c.; Engineer, Mr. Easer ; Stoker, Mr.
Hot-birth. How Gulliver, alias the man-mountain, is BOUND over
to keep the peace ; and how, " by a long pull, a strong pull, and a
pull altogether," he is carried away to the court of the Emperor Lil-
liput.

4.—Scenes from Society ; the Literature by Angus B. Reach, and
others ; the Designs by Kenny Meadows ; the engravings by Linton.
s.—Poetry for the People ; by Mary Howitt, Ebenezer Elliott, and
others.

S.—Homes for the People ; with Designs and Estimates.
Published at the " Artisan " Office, Wellington-street North,
Strand ; where all Communications, Advertisements, Books, Prints,
and Music, &c., for Review, may be addressed ; and where Prospec-
tuses may be obtained.

• " And wasn't he a dainty dish
To set before the King ?" -
Old in meram.
Scene 3. HALL OF SCIENCE IN TIIEMSS. the
PALACE OFBritish THE KING OF LA-
! PUTA.—HiS Majesty the King of Laputa (very deep in Ceome-
ry—vide, Flappers at his elbows), Mr. T. Matthews ; Lord High
Chancellor Parallelogram and Lord High Chamberlain Aquilateral
(fond of " Figures," especially aumber " One"), Mr. Howell and Mr.
Johnson. Lords in Waiting, with their attendant flappers, pages,
&c. Mrs. Gulliver makes her " first and only appearance at Court ;"
and how, having lost her G--, the Flying Island Is placed at her
disposal to recover the same.
Scene 4. MARINE RESIDENCE or THE EMPEROR OF LILLIPUT.—MS
" High" Mightiness Golbas to Momaren Mully Ully Gue, Emperor
of Lilliput, Miss Turtle ; her " equally" High Mightiness the Em-
press of Lilliput, Miss Midgley. The Lilliputian Court (the " high-
est" families In the land), and Lilliputian Imperial Guard (at least
2 ft. 6 in. in their stockings), servants, policemen, cooks, scullions,
Re. Re.—How Gulliver, having been let out of " durance vile," not
only pockets the.affront, but two policemen in the bargain. How he
kisses the Emperor's hand, and the Empress's lips. Inspection of the
Lilliputiam Imperial Guard. How Gulliver swallows his dinner, and
is only, prevented from swallowing a Lilliputian, by way of dessert,
by the news of the arrival of the Blefascadian fleet. Gulliver re-
gains his freedom, by towing in the enemy's fleet. The Palace on
fire. Arrival of the Lilliputian Fire Brigade. How Gulliver saves
the Empress, and is then obliged to save himself, which he does by
taking a hop, step, and a jump into
Scene 5. CORN-FIELD IN BROBDIGNAG.—LOIIgOStreIehO (a sub-
stantial Brobdignag fanner, and member of the Brobdignag Agri-
cultural Society), Mr. Monster ; Long-in-the-stride (his wife), Mrs.
Strapper; Brobdignag Baby (In and out of a g.-cart), Miss 11.
Payne ; A very
Priedroun Robin (the mother of a very tine family)' Mrs. Redbreast ; Pig (with silver medal from the Brobdignag
Cattle Show), Mr. Snout. How Gulliver goes a bird's nesting, and
gets the worst of-it, and how, after paying all proper deference to
the "great-uns," he pitches into the " little-un" in the go-cart.
Scene 6. BROBDIGNAG BED-ROOM AND NURSERY.—BrOtHlignag
" Gemini" (Anglice twins), Masters James and Elliott; Brobdignag
Kitten, Mr. Pussey. For further particulars of this scene apply
personally to the principal performers, who can be seen in it every
evening till further notice.

This day is published, price 2s. 6d., the First Number of
OWE'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE,
CONTENTS:
1. Liverpool Conference on Christian Union.
2. Puseyism as an Interpreter of Nature.
3. The Moral Relations of Literature and Art.
4. The Scottish Hero—Wallace.
5. Church Clavering.
6. Life and Works of Jean Paul Richter.
7. A Glance at the Religious Aspects of the World.
8. The Friends of Light in Germany.
9. Gustavus Adolphus Society.
10. Canton de Vaud.
11. Germany—Italy—France. •
12. Notices of Books, &c.
Edinburgh :J. D. Lowe. London : R. Groombrldge and Sons.

FIF'T Y GUINEAS PREMIUM.
TO ENGINEERS AND OTHERS.
Fifty Guineas premium is offered for the best plan or model not
patented, for making " Corke's Economic Firing," in various sized
blocks; to be awarded by the majority of three scientific engineers
on the 17th January next. That plan or model will be considered the
best that shall combine the most economic and rapid mode of manu-
facturing the blocks, in connexion with the smallest cost of the ma-
chinery itself, when considered with the cost of working by the most
economic and efficacious steam power. Twenty guineas will be given
for the second best plan. As machinery will be required for England
and foreign countries, each plan or model must be accompanied by a
specification stating the cost of erecting and completing the ma-
chinery at each factory, so as to make 50 tons of "maintaining "
firing and 50,000 igniting blocks per day.
The size of the blocks, with models of the present system of form-
ing them, may be seen, and all particulars obtained, at 3, Trafalgar-
square, where each plan or model, with the specification, must be left
before twelve o'clock on the above day.
Half of the premiums will be paid on the day of the award, the
other half on the completion of the first set of machinery, so soon as
it is found to work well.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSU-
RANCE SOCIETY.
26, Cornhill, London, December 29, 1845.
Notice is hereby given that the half-yearly interest, at the rate of
five per cent per annum on the capital stock of this Society, due on
the 31st instant, will become' payable on the 10th day of January
next, and Proprietors may receive the same at this office on that or
any subsequent day between the hours of eleven and three o'clock.
By order of the Co,irt of Directors,
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary.

THE WEATHER.—Sox OFFICE, DEC. 30.
THERDIu3IETER, Lowest, 37 ;1 Highest, 48 ; Noon, 50.
BettomETEtt,29'.B:-,--Wixto S.W.; hazy.

NIGB WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY.
M3rning .. 28 minutes after 2 j Evening .. 55 minutes after 2

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_ -
Scene 7. COAST OF THE ISLAND OF LILLIPUT OS SUCH* 2), and
re-appearance of the Flying Island ; from which Mrs. Gulliver takes
a flying leap Into Gulliver's t.rms —" We may be happy yet." Our
old acquaintance, the hock, introduces another old acquaintance,
the Genius of Pantomime, Transformation of the Characters.
I
Harlequin .• •• • • Mr. Wieland. Clown .... • • Mr. T. Matthews.
Pantaloon .. Mr. Howell. Columbines • •Miss Hicks and
iss
Scene 8. END OF COVENTRY-STREET, PlCCADlMLLY.Lonsdale.—Writing In
Eight Lessons. The Experimental Squadron, with Hornpipe accom-
paniment. A Sudden Peep into Leicester-square. Wenham Lake
Ice. Sliding made easy. A great Fall in Provisions—viz. fish, fruit
and vegetables.
Scene 9. CLOWN'S LonolNos.—Bed and Window change sides, and
Clown " goes down the middle and up again ;" great virtue in a blan-
ket. "To be well shaken before taken." The principle of elongation "Carried out." Clown is tossed up, and Harlequin comes down 1
" heads."

Scene 10. EXTERIOR OF GROCERS, FISHMONGERS, AND WINE MER-
CHANTS' SHOPS.—Two active lads, versus active clothes-horse. Cask
of West India Produce and barrelled natives. Ladders ad Infinitum,
Putting up the shutters—the wrong shop. Try again. Ditto re-
peated. Great change on the premises, and " business removing."
Scene 11. HIGHGATE-HILL, with extensive view of the neighbour-
hood of London. Railways remember the 30th November. Grand
Railway Steeple-chase to the Board of Trade. Arrival of engines
from all the country round. " A clear course and no favour." Off
they go. Clown and Pantaloon in difficulties, and ending in a "dis-
solution of partnership."
Scene 12. FLEET-STREET PORING THE REPAIRS, with Glass Shop,
Tinman's, and Railway Printing-office. Railway Prospectus and
Provisional Committee; publishing made easy. Orders to any
mount punctually attended to. The Great Guy for 1845. Great
battue of stags ; " they come—they come." No thoroughfare. The
shortest cut to the Board of Trade, producing a great smash among
the crockery.
Scene 13. EXTERIOR OF THE BOARD OF TRADE, and Probable Ge-
neral Railway Terminus.

Scene 14. WATCHMAKERS' AND BOOKSELLERS' SHOFS.—Teaching
the young idea how to shoot. Illustrated London Noose. A " pinch
of curry powder." Watch on a new movement. Queen's Visit to
Germany, and all eyes directed to
Scene 15. THE CITY OF COLOGNE, as It appeared on her Majesty's
arrival.

Owing to this great attraction, immediate application should be
made to JOHN PARSONS, Box Book-keeper.

. -
THEATRES ROYAL, HAYMARKET .
THIS EVENING
Will be performed the Comedy of A CURE FOR THE HEART-
ACHE. Old Rapid, Mr. W. Farren ; Young Rapid, Mr. Hudson ;
Frank Oatland, Mr. Buckstone ; Jessy Oatland, Miss Julia Bennett.
To be followed by the admired Drama of GRANDFATHER
WHITEHEAD. Grandfather Whitehead, Mr. W. Farren ; Dray-
ton, Mr. Tilbury; Langley, Mr. Stuart; Louisa Drayton, Mrs. E.
Yarnold ; Susan, Mrs. Stanley.
To conclude with a Grand New Extravaganza, entitled THE BEE
AND THE ORANGE TREE ; or, The Four Wishes. Principal
Characters by Mr. Hudson, Mr. James Bland, Mr. Caulfield, Mr.
Clark, Miss P. Horton, Miss Julia Bennett, Mrs. Caulfield, and Mrs.
Stanley.

THEAT.hE ROYAL, ADELPHI.
THIS EVENING
Will be repeated an entirely New Drama, called TIIE LIONESS
3F THE NORTH, or, The Prisoner of Shlusselboarg. Alexis
Eomanouski, Mr. Webster; Triptelemus Kront, Mr. Wright; Eliza-
beth, Madame Celeste.

After which, MOTHER AND CHILD ARE DOING WELL.
To conclude with an entirely New and Original Christmas Pan-
tamime, called HARLEQUIN AND POONOOWINGKEEWANG-
FLIBEEDEEFLOBEEDEEBUSKEEBANG; or, The King of the
Itnnibal Islands. Harlequin, Mr. T. Ireland ; Columbine, Miss
Fleming ; Clown, Mr. C. J. Smith; Pantaloon, Mr. Mitchenson.

THEATRE ROYAL, LYCEUM.
Immense Success of " The Cricket on the Hearne—Tremendous Hil
of " The Enchanted Horse."
THIS EVENING WILL BE PERFORMED
THE CRICKET ON TOIIFEIIIIOE3AfEri.TH: A FAIRY TALE
The Principal Characters by Mr. Keeley, Mr. Emery, Mr. Meadows,
Mr. F, Vining, Mrs. Keeley, Miss M. Keeley, Mrs. Woollidge, Miss
Dawson, Miss Howard, Miss Forster, and Miss• Turner.
After which will be produced a New Grand Romantic extravaganza,
Wined THE ENCHANTED HORSE; or, Prince Fireuz Schah of
Persia and the Princess of Bengal. Principal Characters by Messrs.
Keeley, Wigan, F. Matthews, Collier, Turner, Kinloch, &c.; Mes-
dames Keeley, Villars, Hodson, Dawson, Howard, Ardor, &c.

PRINCESS'S TIiEATRE, OXFORD-STAEET.
EVENING
Will be repeated a NewTHIS Extravaganza, entitled JEAMES, THE
RAILROAD FOOTMAN OF BERKELEY-*QUAKE. Jeames Plush,
Mr. Compton.

To which will be added THE BRIGAND.
To conclude with a New Christmas Pantomime, entitled THE
KEY OF THE KINGDOM; or, HAR • EQUIN AND THE FAIRY
BLUE BELL. Harlequin, Mr. W. H Harvey; Columbine, ➢Liss
Bullen ; Clown, Mr. Flexmore ; Pantaloon, Mr. T. Hill.

SOLE LESSEE AND MANAGERESS,
ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE.
THIS MISS KATE HOWARD.
Will be presented a Domestic DramaEVENING of powerful interest, entitled
THE LADY OF ST. TROPEZ. George Maurice, Mr. J. Browne;
Count D'Aubrieve, Mr. Brookes ; Hortense (the Lady of St. Tropez),
Miss L. Melville.
To be followed by THE DAY AFTER THE WEDDING. Col.
Freelovo, Mr. Walter Lacy ; Lady Freelove, Miss L. Melville.
And concluding with the now Pantomime, unapproachable for glee
and grandeur, called FORTUNATUS ; or, THE MAGIC CAP.
Fortunatus, Miss Hamilton ; Prince Megrim, Mr. Cockrill ; Fairy
Queen, Miss Bromley ; Harlequin, Mr. Smythers ; Pantaloon, Mr
Charles; Clown, Mr. Jefferini ; Columbine, Miss Laidlaw.

AsTLEY'S ROYAL A MPIIITI2EATIZE OF ARTS.
PROPRIETOR AND MANAGER, MR. W. BATTT.
Eztraordinary Treat to the Holiday Visitors.
HIS EVENG
Will be performed thennovel DramalNof TIIE PYRENEES. In
which M. %Yellen's celebrated Dog Emile will appear, whose per-
formances at the Cirque Olympique, Paris, has drawn crowded
houses for the last nine months.
New Scenes of the Circle, combining the talent of the French and
English Artistes.
Auer which will be repeated a New Grand Comic Equestrian Pan-
tomime,
called HARLEQUIN DON QUIXOTTE DE LA :MANCHA ;
or, Sancho I'
anza, and Dulcinea of Toboso, with new Scenery,
Dresses, Mechanical Changes, &c.

z~~w`

ROYAL VICTOR IA THEATRE.
Another Triumph for the Victoria in the immensely successful Pan-
emimef " Tlppitywitchet"—With the Extraordinary Feats of
rofessor Hemmings and his Two Surprising Infant Sons.
THIS EVENING.
RIeIIARD PLANTAGENET, in Three Acts, supported by Messrs.
Osbaldiston, E. F. Saville, T. Fredericks, niggle, Dale, Herbert,
Searle, and Aliases Vincent, Richardson, Eliza Terrey, Mrs. G. Lee.
After which, Professor HEMMINGS and his SONS will give more
unparalleled feats of Classical Gymnasia than ever yet has been ex-
hibited, and surpassing even the celebrated Risley himself. To conclude with a new gop,Noui, Pantomime, called TIPPITY-
WITCHET; or, HARLEQUIN TIM BOBBIN and the COMICAL
WITCHES of LANCASHIRE. Harlequin. Mr. Chapino ; Colum-
bine, Miss Le Vite ; the Two Clowns, Messrs. E. Blanchard and
k`Donald ; the Two Pantaloons, Mr. Franklin and the veteran Toni
lanelui rd, the very Xing of Pantomime and Prince•of Pantaloons.

SECOND EDITION