The Sun.
London, England, 1845-01-24 00:00:00

TtiF SU.N, LON AON. FBIDA Y MORNING, JANUARY 24 1345.

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, JAN. 23.
CHEITMOMETER, Lowest, 41 ; Highest, 45 ; Noon, 44.

BAROMETER, 30.9.-WIND, S.

NOTE.—The figures which follow the words "Lowest" and
"Highest" denote the lowest and highest state of the
'Thermometer during the preceding twenty-four hours. All
he other observations are made at noon. Water freezes at
; 55 on Thermometers is marked "Temperate," and on
Barometers " Fair" is generally placed opposite to 30, and
"Rain" at 29 ; but there is no certainty of dry weather
when the mercury falls below 30.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON.BRIDGE THIS DAY.
... 32 minutes after 2 I Evenlr.g 50 minutes after 2.

But the testimony of Captain NVlLtuats—a very
intelligent observer—on the subject of convictions
under the Game-laws, reinforces the argument against
those founded on their anomalous relations to such
as regard all other species and rights of property
among us, by this striking exposition of their utter
futility, as regards the accomplishment of the great
object all penal laws propose to effect—namely, to
deter by example. In spite of Mr. GRANTLEY
BERKELEY'S ecstatic commendations of this bar-
barous feature in our code, convictions for poaching
seem only to multiply poaching offences, and render
callous to punishment or remonstrance offending
poachers

" While upon the general subject of prison discipline,
I may remark that, however severe in physical restraints
or powerful in moral influence, it signally fails in pro-
ducing any salutary impressions upon offenders con-
victed of infractions of the laws enacted for the pre-
servation of game. These men, while undergoing im-
prisonment, appear possessed with the idea that these
laws are more harshly and inflexibly administered than
in other cases of a more serious character, and that the
punishments awarded are unequal, disproportionate, and
unjust. In support of their views, they instance the
double convictions and cumulative penalties and im-
prisonments under various statutes for one offence, and
the Act against night poaching, under which offenders
are adjudged to hard labour while detained for the want
of sureties, contrasting the law in this respect, with its
different application to those committed for sureties in
assaults and other cases, where the penalty of hard
labour does not attach. The testimony of the chaplains
of prisons will be found to furnish abundant testimony
that argument, admonition, entreaty, are all unavailing
to induce in these offenders any admission of criminality
or a promise of relinquishing this pernicious pursuit.
There can be no question that the tenacity of this feel-
ing among poachers is in some degree to be traced to
the support and encouragement it receives from the sym-
pathy so notoriously prevailing among the middle and
lower classes of society, and which is well described by
a chaplain in the following terms:—' I have frequently
endeavoured, but quite in vain, to persuade prisoners
convicted of poaching that they offend God in breaking
the laws of their country; they answer, the law is op-
pressive, and they have as much right to the game as
others. The man's neighbours, too, second him in this
feeling when discharged ; they receive him as usual,
saying, " You have been in prison, it is true, but not for
stealing or felony." A man loses no caste by having
committed an offence against the game-laws, but when
discharged, goes into the society of his fellow-men quite
as usual.'"

If these extracts from the " Ninth Report of In-
spectors of Prisons" do not establish against the laws
fur the punishment of debt and the protection of game,
the anomalies we speak of, and make out an irre-

sistible demand upon the Legislature for the re-
vision and correction of such outrages on the common

sense and humanity of the country, NA e shall be at a
loss to conceive what call of graver urgency can be

devised for such an intervention.

The Madrid Gazette of the 15t} inst. contains the
new regulations for the management of municipal cor-
porations throughout the country, the great object of
which is to place them as much as possible under the
control of the Central Government. The debate on
the Clergy Dotation Bill was still going on in the
Chamber of Deputies. Her Majesty the QUEEN..
MOTHER had announced to the Committee on the Es-

timates her marriage-with MUNOZ, for the purpose, we
suppose, of obtaining a pension suited to his new rank
and dignity as a grandee of Spain. The intelligence
from Morocco, by way of Gibraltar, is not favourable.
Anarchy was said to prevail in the interior, and the
authority of the EMPEROR had been much weakened
by the peace with France. Some accounts even infer
that Ann-EL-KADER is plotting against him.
The Three per Cents. closed at 32i for cash,
and 33 at 60 days ; the Five per Cents. at 23i for
cash, and 24 at 60 days ; the Coupons at 27i for
the 15th of February next ; and the Floating Debt
at 80 at 60 days.

The debate in the French Chamber of Deputies,
I such an exhibition can be so called, was resumed on
Friday ; and as M. Limas, who is supposed to be the
prime mover in the intrigue against his friend M.
Gurzor, was to speak, some interest was excited to-
hear his denunciations against the Ministry; but mi-
serable must have been the disappointment, judging
from the first part of his speech. It contained abso-
lutely nothing except what had been said and written
fifty times about Morocco and Otaheite, the Eng-
lish alliance, and the visit to Windsor Castle. We
never remember any similar occasion when the French
orators were in such difficulty for a theme. Un-
luckily there is no passion of the day to play upon—
every foreign grievance is worn out ; the right of
search is an old almanac, and no fictitious story has
been got up, to give it life, about the capture of fair
traders on the coast of Africa, and the brutality of Eng-
lish sailors. This is a grievous oversight on the part
of the coalition. In fact, if these intriguers had
not England to talk about, and especially "one
PR ITCHARD," who from a quiet, inoffensive mis_
sionary, has been transformed into the " lion of the
day," they might give up business. Yet the occasion
is not so barren of subjects. Why not talk about
other countries as well as England ? 'Why do these
p ,trans of democracy—these friends of the people,
and these ardent advocates of liberal institutions—
not pass the Pyrenees, and see what Frenchmen have
done for liberty in Spain ? In that devoted country
they could find ample scope for the expression Of
patriotic feeling (for France cannot see despotism in
Spain without thinking of her own fate) ; they
would see the Constitution trampled upon by a mer-
cenary army—trial by jury, and eveu the ordinary
forms of justice, which are observed in absolute states,
set at defiance—hundreds of Spaniards who resisted
NARVAEZ and an abandoned woman shot like mad dogs,
and the only men who could raise their voice in the
Cortes against such atrocities, either thrown into ,
prison or banished like felons to penal colonies. But

Lord HUNTINGTOWER was known to all the world in
the relations of his son and heir. Conduct like this
is so truly paternal—this solicitude of a parent to
withdraw his son from being made, as it was em-
phatically styled, " a public spectacle"—is so im-
pressive, that we should have concluded the Noble
Earl had been one of the young Lord's most fa-
mished and eager ere ditors, had we not the authority
of DEBRETT and BURKE to confirm the recognition
of Commissioner FONBLANQUE. But the Earl of
DYMART is by no means singular in his animosity for
debtors, or his notions of the treatment which is
proper for them. The intelligent officer whose
" Report" is now before us, Captain WILLIAMS,
shows us that debtors who probably are not amenable
to such charges of wanton extravagance, absurd and
childish credulity, and reckless desperation in in-
curring embarrassment, as have been imputed to
Lord HUNTINGTOWER, are subjected, in our north-
eastern districts, to the same sweeping construction
of meditated bad faith which we suppose to be alone
adequate to the justification of imprisonment as the
penalty of debt. Captain WILLIAMS says—
" The condition of many of the lock-ups in this dis-
trict, and the treatment of prisoners when detained in
them, has occupied much of my attention ; and I have
not failed to visit those which opportunity or convenience
krought within my reach. I regret to report that a
number of these places are wholly unfit for the reception
of human beings; and that the treatment of prisoners,
while in custody of constables, is in many cases very far
from satisfactory, In many instances they are unpro-
vided with bedding or artificial heat; and the allowance
of food to prisoners is arbitrary and irregular, although
in most places ample provision is made by the justices
through the agency of the keepers. The insecurity.
danger to health, and inadequacy of many of these lock-
ups, are mori clearly shoffu by the fact, that prisoners,
before examination, are often retained in custody by the
constables at a public or private house. It must also be
observed, that by the intervals of several days elapsing
between the holding of petty sessions, prisoners are
liable to be detained in these places for a considerable
time, and that instances occur of their being kept in
them after conviction or committal, to suit the con-
venience of those charged with the duty of conveying
them to prison. The complaints to me by prisoners of
the sufferings and inconveniences thus imposed upon
them are most frequent, and corroborated by my personal
observations.
" The discreditable condition of the gaols for debtors,
attached to peculiar jurisdictions, and the condition of
their inmates, have long been the subject of animad
version in these Reports ; and although by the passing
of the 7 and 8 of Victoria, cap. 96, the number of this
description of prisoners has been materially and perma-
nently diminished, yet they still continue liable to re-
ceive debtors in execution for sums above 201.
" The accommodation in many of these prisons is
limited to the bare walls. No respect being paid to re-
ligion by the performance of Divine service ; no medical
assistance in, cases of sickness ; no provision of food,
bedding, light, nor fire. No authority exercised by
hich the brutal and hardened are restrained from prac-
tising on the weak and better disposed. Idleness and
corrupting influences prevails in all, unchecked and un-
reproved. It is worthy of remark that imprisonment in
the gaols of the Courts of Request at Sheffield was found
to make so little impression, that it was deemed necessary
to heighten its severity, by ordering that prisoners
should not be allowed to employ themselves in any kind
or description of work. I may add, that I never wen
into these prisons without finding a party engaged al
cards, or some other idle game."

"We learn from the Cherbourg journal that a com-
pany of infantry, which has been embarked at that port
in the Pra.voyante, for Brest, is to proceed to Otaheite.
A company of grenadiers will be taken on board at
Brest for the Marquesas Islands.
"A letter from Oran, of the 10th, states that the
officer of the Emperor of Morocco, who is charged with
General Delarue to fix the limits of the frontiers, had
arrived at Ouchda, and that the Emperor appeared to
be sincerely desirous of fulfilling all his engagements
with Franoe, but that his power over his subjects was
becoming every day less. The same letter states that
Abd-el•Kadsr had succeeded, notwithstanding all the
precautions that had been taken, in getting together
nearly 1,000 men, at the head of whom he was waiting
for some turn in his fortunes.

" The France publishes the following letter from St.
Petersburgh, dated the Bth. It shows that the report
from Berlin of the illness of the Emperor and Empress
of Russia was wholly without foundation:--' Last Satur-
day the Emperor held a grand review of the garrison.
The troops were drawn up in the square of the Admi-
ralty. His Majesty was on horsback, accompanied by
the Hereditary Grand Duke Alexander and a numer-
ous suite. 'The Emperor wore a general's uniform.
The troops were two hours in defiling before him.
On the 6th, the festival of Christmas, according to
the Russian calendar, was celebrated. A high mass in
music was performed in the chapel of the imperial
palace. The Emperor, the Empress, and all their fa-
mily were present, in deep mourning. It is the day on
which, in all the churches of Russia, a public prayer is
offered up, thanking God for having repulsed the inva-
sion of 1812. After the mass, there was a grand recep-
tion in the outer palace of the civil and military autho-
rities and the nobility. The Duke de Leuchtenberg is
expected here the day after to-morrow, to be present
with all the Court at the celebration of the Russian New
Year."

We learn from Zurich that the Swiss Vorort has re-
solved to convoke an extraordinary Federal Diet for the
end of January.
The Universal German Gazette states that the Aus-
trian Government, in order that France may not assume
to herself the exclusive Protectorate of the Christians in
the Holy Land, has appointed a Commission charged
with that duty on the part of Austria.
THE BOURSE--TIIESDAY, JAN. 21.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French Five per Cents l2l 95 .. 122 05 121 95 •• 122 05
Three per Cents..." 84 95 85 10 .. 84 95 85 10
Bank of France 3262 50 —3262 50 3262 50 •.3262 50
&win Bank, I,ooof. Shares 1097 50 ..1100 ..1097 50 • • 1100
Belgian Fives, 1840 104% .• 1043 i .. 104% 1043%
1842 10634 1061,i .. 1061 •. 106y4
Spanish Threes • •
Active . ....... 37% • • 38 .. 3714 • • 2.8
Passive 6% • • 6% .. ••
"" New Deferred l6 • • 16 .. 16 .. 16
Portuguese Five per Cents • • 59 • • 59,4 • • 59M • • 591,4
Neapolitan .............
Roman .... 105 10514 .. 105 .. 1051,6
RAILWAY SHARES.
St. Germain .. • e.
Versailles, R. 13.— ••• • • • 495 .. 498 75 .. 495 .. 498 75
L. 8....... •••• •• 317 50 .. 382 50 380 .. 382 50
Rouen •• •• •• • • •.1057 50 . 1062 50 ..1055 ..1058 75
Rouen to Havre....
Orleans .........•• •• •• ••1132 50 ..1132 S 0 ..1131 25 ..1131 25
Strasburg to Bale • . •• •• 301 25 .. 303 75 •• 301 25 . 303 75
Avignon to Marseilles...... 927 50 . 930 • • 927 50 .. 927 53

RAILWAYS FOR TIIE ACCOUNT, JAN. 31.
St. Germain
Versailles, 1t.1t.. •

..1010
.. 500

L. 8.•• • ...... ... 382 50 :: 385 .• 380 •. 385
Rouen • .
Rouen to Havre 822 50 .. 823 75 •• 822 50 .. 622 50
Orleans •••• ••••• •••• •• • 1127 50 ..1132 50 ..1127 50 ..1127 50
Strasburg to Bale•••• •• •• .• 301 25 .. 303 75 .. 301 25 .. 302 50
Avignon to Marseilles.. 925 .. 930 •• 925 •• 930

THE Emu. oF MORNINGTON.—We regret to state
that the strength of this venerable Nobleman is fast
sinking. On inquiry at the Noble Earl's residence in
Grosvenor-square, yesterday, the reply was, that
his Lordship was not quite so well as he was on
Wednesday.
CABINET COUNClL.—Summonses were issued from
the Foreign-office for a Cabinet Cossnoil, tie lee held
this afternoon.

SIR JAMES GRAHAM'S MEDICAL BILL.—A meet-
ing of the medical profession of Brentford and the neigh-
bourhood was held on Tuesday evening, at the Royal
llotel, Brentford, to consider the provisions of Sir James
Graham's Medical Bill. The meeting was numerously
attended. Dr. Day was in the chair, and resolutions
were agreed to condemning the Bill, and expressing con-
currence in the proposal of the Society of Apothecaries
for the establishment of a college for general practi-
tioners. Some gentlemen objected to the discussion of
any other subject than the obnoxious Bill, against which
they conceived all their efforts ought to be concentrated,
but they ultimately acceded to the propositions. A Mr.
Bonny was appointed honorary local secretary, to act in
communication with the Central Association of Medical
Practitioners. Thanks having been voted to the chair-
man, the meeting separated after a very animated dis-
cussion.

KINGSTON, JANUARY 16.—0 n Tuesday morning
last the preventive service men on this station fell in
with and captured a boat containing 120 casks of con-
traband spirits, and subsequently took four men into cus-
tody on suspicion. The spirits were safely lodged in the
Custom-house: at Arundel ; but the men, after oeing
examined before the magistrates, were discharged._
Brighton Herald.

perhaps we do AI. TRIERS injustice. He had not
finished his speech when the post left Paris on Tues-
day ; he may have asserted thelprinciples which
brought him first into notice as a Politician ; but the
chances are small, when we look at the utter silence
of the Opposition press, and, above all, the silence of
his own journal on every topic that ought to exercise
the mind of a liberal statesman. The following brief
extract from his speech will show that Morocco, Ota-
heite, and PRITCHARD are the great grievances of
which he complains. The speaker, after lamenting
that neither Marshal BUGEAUD nor the Prince DE
JOIN VILLE had sufficient forces under their com-
mand to vindicate the claims of France, says—" It was
not in consequence of the difficulties offered by the
season that the treaty had been so hastily concluded ;
it was owing to the apprehension of new complications
with England. France had made England the judge
of her grievances, which the latter had pronounced
to be well-founded, and it appeared, even by the
documents seized after the victory of Isly, that she
recommended the EMPEROR to satisfy them. France
was consequently, at the time, in a favourable condi-
tion to obtain an advantageous peace. But then she
was engaged in one of the most serious compli-
cations with England ; the young diplomatist
who represented her in Londan, described in
terms of great emotion the dangers of the position,
and insisted on speedy satisfaction being given by
France. The Ministry in their alarm had then seen
the necessity of throwing the heavy baggage over-
board, and on the 29th and 30th of August, within
an interval of 24 hours, satisfaction was granted to
Lord ABERDEEN' for the treatment of Mr. PRIT-
CHARD at Otaheite, and directions were forwarded to
its negotiators at Cadiz to insist only on the redress
of the four grievances which France complained of
previous to the commencement of hostilities, and to
conclude peace at any price. All these concessions,
he maintained, had been made under the impression
caused by the complication of Otaheite, and the inte-
rests of France in Morocco had been sacrificed to
that consideration."
The Journal des Debuts, and indeed most of the
papers, assert that nothing can be gained by talk.
There is but one question which occupies every mind
—" Shall the Ministry be overthrown by the coali-
tion That is the entire affair. As long as the co-
alition shall not have appeared at the tribune, there
will be words but no action, and it is action alone
which gives importance to words. Well, the coalition
has appeared in the person of M. TRIERS, and still
there are only words, because there are no facts; the
vote is everything. The following remarks of the
Presse on this point display judgment, though we re-
gret to say, the latter paragraph contains assertions
which destroy much of their effect, because the writer
must have known that he states what is contrary to
facts. England was deserted by France, when it
suited her purpose, both as regards the affairs of
Spain and the East :
"We gave good advice to the adversaries and to the
friends of Ministers, but neither followed it. The ad-
vice we gave them was to pass over the general dis-
cussion, and to arrive at once at the paragraph upon
which the existence of the Cabinet ought to turn. To
what purpose are all those preliminaries except to ener-
vate the debate ? The sitting of Monday will not have
changed our views on that subject. Five orators were
heard, and still the question did not advance one step.
Why not at once enter on the affairs pending ? Our
foreign and domestic policy have been in turns
brought before the public in the reply to the
Speech from the Throne. Every opinion, therefore,
those which are favourable to the policy of Minis-
ters, and those which are opposed to it, might declare
themselves on the speeial debate on each paragraph. The
general debate is only calculated to lose time, and to
drown facts in an ocean of common-place phrases. It
was certainly to this cause which must be attributed the
little interest with which most of the orators were
listened to. Some of them made sensible speeches,
which merited more attention. Messrs. de Tocqueville
and de Beaumont, for example, were happy in their defi-
nition of the attitude which France ought to assume in
her relations with foreign Powers. The system:of an
exclusive, permanent, and absolute alliance with Eng-
land, found in them convinced and enlightened adver-
saries, who indicated without passion the general and
particular reasons which ouht to lead France to seek
assistance in other points of Europe. In their minds no
more than in ours, that did not mean that we should
hastily break off from England, prefer misunderstanding
to good accord, or seek pretexts for collision or war.
Such conduct would be insane. It simply means, that
whilst living in peace we ought to reserve our liberty
and our independence, and not devote ourselves exclu •
sively to a Power whose assistance, ever interested, and
for that reason capricious, has already abandoned us in
the most decisive circumstances."
The following are miscellaneous extracts from the
papers :

THE GAME MANIA.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR,—The game-laws were passed by a landlording
Parliament, for the especial use of the " English
country gentleman." Hence the desire, as has been
for years, to increase game preserving, and monopo-
lise game to themselves. The game-laws, every one
knows, have been carried out with a savage ferocity
If one of the " lower orders" has been detected com-
mitting a theft, and he happened to be a poacher, the
full vengeance of the criminal law was sure to be dealt
out to him ; and more particularly in quarter sessions
and petite sessions. Most country magistrates would
get up at midnight after a game case, but keep people
waiting for several hours, perhaps a day, for any other
j usticial matter, unless the accused was a poacher, then
the matter received different attention.

The game-preserving propensity, the game-laws,
and the administration of them, are a great stain upon
our national character. LOOKER-ON.
January 22, 1845.

441 e, 1441. 01--
~
1.4" -
a- _.. .
'ofr OA 1.: 1 • .4 ,
.1 ,
--
',.E4
< • V 0.,. , . , * / I ',Jr.,,,,
, ' •41,k,,,` ,;\
... bit, u ~,,w....,,., • MON... 4,.„..g. sbrtorr 1r ..,
. '46,7; AC . : 'f
-?it ~ , . ',-.. • . S -I';',>'.'..:'''''
4. liW ,
_ •