The Sun.
London, England, 1845-07-29 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN:

SlR,—Another instance of gross neglect on the pert
of steam-boat managers was wnne,sed ut Hungerlord-
pier on Sunday evening. The boat in titi-s!ic,n was r,n-
dered unsafe by various openings in the side ruiings,
which, in the dark, were unfortunately taken for the
landing-places, by two gentlemen, who stepped off the
boat into the water, and were not rescued till nearly ex-
hausted. And had it not been for their cries the pier-
man would not have observed them in time, having then
rose three times. One gentleman lust a new hat, and
also spoiled a good suit of clothes, and is still labouring
under the effects of the fright. Ought public safety
and convenience to be so sacrificed, and no compensa-
tion rendered ?

Mr. Editor, you will confer a public benefit in calling
attention to such unwarrantable negligence.
July 28, 1845

R. B.

OREGON AS IT IS.
(From the New York Tribune.)
We propose to shed such further light on the charac-
ter and settement of Oregon as is afforded by " A
Journal of the Events of the Celebrated Emigrating
Expedition of 1843," appended to Mr. G. Wilkes's
" History."
The emigrants left Independence, on the western
borders of the Missouri settlements, on the 17th of May,
1841. The wieter arrived at Vancouvrr (ninety miles
up the Columbia, and nearly opposite the mouth of
the %Villiamet:e), on the 10th of November, but the
mass of the emigrants, with their cattle, were some
days behind, and did not probably reach the settle-
ment on the Williamette before the Ist of Decem-
ber. At all events, it is a gond six month's work to
traverse with cattle and waggons the 2,000 Miles in-
tervering between Independence and the Williamette.
It might be done in somewhat less time with horses only,
but the hardships of this mode, from hunger, exposure
to storms, &c., are infinitely greater. Stout men may
endure them, though the parties of Farnham and Fre-
mont respectively suffered everything short of death, but
ignorance and want of due forecast in the one case, and
unseasonable exposure in the other, greatly aggravated
their sufferings. The present route is shorter and easier
than that traversed by Mr. Farnham ; grass is found over
a good part of it ; and where there is grass those who drive
mitch cows and bullocks in adequate numbers need not
fear starvation. But the sterility and destitution of
19-20ths of Oregon is utterly inconceivable by men who
have been accustomed only to the fertility and verdure
of the Atlantic slope and the valley of the Mississippi.
Even the country for 500 miles on this side of the Rocky
Mountains is barely saved from being one cheerless, uni-
form desert, by the springs and the everlasting snows of
the Great Chain. Of the Great Plate, or Nebraskie,
which runs about 600 miles due east, nearly under the
43d degree of latitude, before it unites with its southern
branch, it is said in the journal before us—that "Like
the Nile, it runs hundreds of miles through a sterile
wilderness, and like the Nile it unrolls its strips of green
across the vastness of the desert, and is father of all the
vegetation z ear it."
Leaving the fountains of the Platte at the South Pass.
in lat. 42, deg., 30 min., the emigrating party were nearly
a mot th passing through the Rocky Mountains, and,
eigti this was in midsummer (August), their sufferings
eno trifle. Says the journal, " This was the most
arduous and difficult part of the journey. In many parts
of this region we had to move sharply to secure water
and range for our cattle, and the scarcity of game forced
us to rely for food en the resources of our private bir-
ders. The greater portion of des country is a sterile,
flinty waste, and except in cease nnl dots and in the
green ribbons that bind tle eeges o -'rsams, is worth-
less for agricul'ural purpose," uc?. nevoid:l:g to a
settler in Oregon, another 500 milt, of the routs, thither.
But the next stretch of 500 or 600 miles, from the
Rocky to the Blue Mountains, or to rite junction of the
Septet, with tie larger branch of the Columbia, is still
more forbidding. The journal says • f it—
" The third region is called the high country, and is a
mere desert, consisting of ridges of rocks of volcanic
strata and alternate sandy plains. It has its occasional
fertile spots, it is true, but they are few and far between,
Its distinguishing features are its excessive dryness, and
the extraordinary difference of the temperature between
night and day. This extremity, amounting sometimes
to a variation of 40 or 50 degrees, is modified somewhat
iii the approach toward the middle region, but this out-
side section is doubtless incapable of being reclaimed to
any great extent by the hand of man.* We emerged
from the patch of vegetation around Fort Hall ih a few
hours upon wide barren plains of yellow sandy clay,
which, among its short and dry Bras, bore nothing but
the wild wormwood and the prickly pear, with here and
there some stunted cotton wood or willow."

The country thus described compriv.s the larger part
of Oregon, and makes up about 1,500 miles of utter
sterility (the narrow belt of the Platte excepted) of the
2,000 miles stretching from Missouri to the Pacific. In
all this distance there is but rarely a forest or a goodly
grove to be seen, and even on the Platte the emigrants
must watch for and seize little bunches and shreds of
willows floating on the stream (drift wood there is none),
or have no fuel and no cookery. Except in the desert of
Central Africa, and around the Poles, there is no such
utter destitution of timber, of verdure, and of capacity
for cultivation on the face of the earth. The Creator
appears to have visibly marked the region of the Rocky
Mountains as the boundary of nations.
But the next region of Oregon, stretching from the
Blue to the Cascade Mountains, say 150 miles, is
little better. The journal says, of so much of it as
is not covered by mountains that it consists of plains
between mountains, " the soil of which is poor. The
timber also is very scarce upon it, and what there is is
soft and poor." Ile says, however, that the climate
during summer is agreeable and salubrious, though the
winter brings frequent rains ; and that, though unfit for
tillage, wally of its plains are covered with short grass,
which will render it a good stock country. But con-
sider that the stock can never be profitably driven 1,500
miles to the States, while they will be some distance from
the Pacific, near which is a better stock country (be-
cause having a more fertile soil and milder climate), and
we must be permitted to doubt whether such lands will
ever be in demand for stock-raising, at least while Cali-
fornia and Northern Mexico have hardly an inhabitant
to ten square miles of surface.

The last and lowest division of Oregon is the best.
It has a mild climate, though not a desirable one, the
winter being excessively rainy and the summer exces-
sively dry. Indian corn cannot be raised by reason of
drouth and frosts, but most grains and vegetables do
well ; cattle excellently. Snow seldom lies over three
days in the most favoured valleys, though snow-capped
mountains are in sight almost everywhere throughout the
ear. The multiplicity of mountains is destructive to
navigation, and almost to all rational hopes of future

improvement by railroads, &c. The valley of the
Williamette contains, perhaps, as much good land
as that of the Muskingum or Mohawk, and there is per-
haps three times that quantity of arable land in Lower
Oregon, south of the Great River. There is a little good
land in the valley of the Cowel tz, an inconsiderable tri-
butary of the Columbia, which e rs it, about 50 miles
from its mouth ; but besides this, says the journal,
" most of the soil on the north bahk of the Columbia is
poor, and is unfit for the production of wheat or the es-
Client grains, except sparely and in spots. This feature

Olen-as-es as you proceed northward, and the land in the
vicinity of Nisqually, on Puget's Sound, is incapable, as
lam told, of ordinary production." This is the most
desira'ile portion of the region we are on the brink of
fignting for.
The agents of the Hudon's Bay Company are the
traders and capitalists of Oregon ; and, as they buy
where they please, and pay no duty to any Government,
they stifle!y many articles (cloths and cutlery, fur in-
stance) cheaper than they are sold in the Western
States, though goods are generally higher. Tea is
cheaper from the proximity of China : but crockery, iron,
lead, boots and shoes, &c., are high. Agricultural pro-
duce is held at about Boston prices, tough cattle, espe-
cially cows, 7i.re higher, being scarce as yet, and the de-
mand great for stock-raising. A rifle costing 20 dols.
in the States will command 50 dols. in Oregon.
It is evident that many of the emigrants from the
States have been saved from great privations and sacri-
fices, if not from famine, by the uniform kindness and
aid of the Hudson's Bay Company, who are abused as
monopolists because they sell goods so cheap that no-
body can compete with them. Says the journal :
" All the goods sold at Van Couver are of the most
superior quality, and the purchaser in this region of
general honesty and enterprise receives them at twelve
months' credit; so thus the greatest obstacle to the poor
emigrant after his arrival hero vanishes at once. This
is a country of peace and good will; every new corner is
received as a brother; the poor man's wealth lies in his
arms, and the industry and enterprise which brought
him here to claim by his labour heaven's first gifts in
the riches of the soil, is accepted as the substantial and
sufici nt guarantee of his faith.
" The utmost liberality characterises all the dealings
with the stranger and even the resident. If your for-
tunes have been adverse, and you are not able to pay for
last year's dealing, you are required to give your note,
drawing interest at five per cent. Instances have come
to my knowledge since my arrival, in which Dr.
M‘Laughlin has extended the credit of some of his cus-
tomers for two or three years together. He has supplied
most of the members of last year's emigration with such
articles as they need, taking in payment only the pledge
of their honest faces and hard hands."

Ott this Mr. George Wilkes characteristically com-
ments in a note as follows :
" There is nothing wonderful in all this. The doctor
could do business no other way with the class of custo-
mers he seeks, and as for the taking of the note at the
end of the ye ,r, when the misfortunes of his ereditor
have left nothing else to take, it is a measure strictly
pruteAive of himself, and has nothing of generosity in
it. The doctor is doubtless a very excellent man, but
the above circumstances only prove him to be a very

good merchant."
Such as this M'Laughlin are the people whose
t‘ o many or us are eager to be cutting, and such
a .',lr. George Wilkes are those who are stimulating us
to c•ut them ; such as we have described (all the valu-
able part of it already in our unquestioned possession)
is the country for which we are to cut them I Would
not this be a pleasant business for Christians in the

❑ineteenth cell Wry ?
* Mr. Wyeth saw the thermometer on the banks of Snake
River, in August, 1832, mark 18 degrees of Fahrenheit at

sunrise, and 92 degrees at noon of the—iiame day.

_PORTSMOUIII-SATURDAY,

The Fairy, tender to the Royal yacht, Master-Com,
mander Thain, arrived from Cowes yesterday afternoon-
with dispatches for the Commander-in Chief. She left
on her return in the evening.
In Ifarbour—The Victory, Excellent, Black Eagle,
Lightning, Comet, Fearless, and Echo (steam-vessels) ;
and So Lflower.

In i',e Kingfi,her. and Scourge steam-

. _
In Dock—Prince Regent, Amphitrite, and Trincoma-
lee, razeeing ; Carysfort, overhauling ; and Centaur
steam-frigate, building.

AMEN T.

Lord PORTMAN proposed some verbal amendments
in clause 21.
Lord STANLEY objected to one of them as having a
prejudicial effect in a political point of view.
The other amendments were agreed to, and the clause
was passed.
Clause 22, after a few words from Lord REDES-
I)ALE, was agreed to.
Clauses 23, 24, and 25 were next read and agreed to,
Clause 26 was also agreed to.
Lord PORTMAN proposed a verbal amendment in
clause 27, which was also agreed to.
Clauses 2;4 and 29 were also agreed to.
Clause 30 was agreed to.
Clause 31, after some discussion, was agreed to, as
were also clauses 32 and 33.
Clauses up to 106 were also agreed to.
On clause 107 being proposed,
Lord REDESDALE asked whether there was any
objection to leaving it in the option of the wardens
to let out the common lands or other lands ?
Lord STANLEY thought that, if there were a slight
inconvenience, it had better be borne than interfere with
the machinery of the Bill.

After a few words from Lord PORTMAN and ano
ther Peer,

Lord REDESDALE said he was clearly of opinion
that the land should not be let for more than one year in
any parish, and he thought there ought to be some
restriction an the permanency in the regulations. Were
the regulations permanent or not ?
The LORD CHANCELLOR said according to the
clause the regulations were clearly permanent.
Lord STANLEY proposed a restriction of five years
or less, subject to the regulation of the Commissioners.
This might be done, as the wardens were to be deemed,
for all purposes of taxation and rating, the occupiers of
the allotments.

The clause was then agreed to.
On the proposition of the 108th clause, a conversation
ensued as to the mode in which the growing crops were
to be adjudicated, but the clause wai agreed to, as were
also clauses 109 and 110. The I 1 1 th clause was struck out.
On the 112th clause being proposed,
Lord PORTMAN asked where was the use of giving
a man compensation for that which he already possessed?
Lord STANLEY said that the object of the clause
was to make compensation for those small claims which
were in fact almost intangible.
lord PORTMAN could not see the reason of that.
The LORD CHANCELLOR said that the object was
to provide for small holdings. Where the common
right was sufficiently stocked by cattle, the cotter enjoy-
ing the right could send in no more cattle, and conse-
quently there was no room for the owner of the stint ;
and under this Bill therefore he was to be paid in money.
If there was more than one stint, and not sufficient for
two, the owner was to have one stint in the inclosure,
and receive money as a compensation for the surplus.
Clauses 113 to 122 were then passed.
On the proposition of the 123 d clause,
Lord PORTMAN objected that the expense of the
inclosure vas to be borne by the individuals from whom
the right was taken away.
Lord STANLEY said that the expenses were to be
borne by those who were to have the benefit, and the
Commissioners were to be paid out of the portion of
Crown land appropriated for that purpose.
Lord PORTMAN objected to the form of notice which
was directed to be put upon the church door.
The LORD CHANCELLOR said that it was some-
times difficult to find the person on whom the notice
ought to be served, and that, therefore, it was better to
adopt the usual course, which was to stick the notice on
the church door. The Noble Duke the other night had
said, that one of his tenants went every Sunday fourteen
miles to church and fourteen miles back again. He sup-
posed that they were as good in Cumberland as they
were in Scotland, though he doubted it. At any rate,
the notice was sufficient.

The clause was then agreed to, as were also clauses
124 to 146.

Clauses from 147 down to 162 were also agreed to,
after short discussions of an unimportant character.
Clauses 163, 164, and 165, were next agreed to with-
out opposition.
Lord PORTMAN apologised to the House for having
occupied so much time as he had in the observations he
had deemed it necessary to make, but he could assure
the House he did so from a sense of duty alone, as he
had not an inch of property that would be affected by the
Bill.

SCOTCH POOR-LAW.
The Duke of BUCCLEUCH moved that the House
go into Committee on the Scotch Poor•law Bill. In
doing so he begged to say that the great cause of dis-
content in Scotland on this subject had been owing to
the inadequacy of the relief afforded by law hitherto ex-
isting, and also of that which was the result of private
charity. The Noble Duke then took a review of the
different Acts in force for the maintenance of the poor
in Scotland, since the time of William and Mary, and
contrasted their provisions with those of the measure
now to be adopted. He then proceeded to state the sub-
stance of the different clauses of the Bill, and the (ob-
jects they had in view. He regretted having detained
their Lordships so long. He had gone through the
clauses rather, hurriedly ; but if he had omitted any
point, he would be glad to be reminded of it by any
Noble Lord.

Lord CAMPBELL, though willing to admit that the
present Bill was in many respects satisfactory, yet,
looking at the advanced period of the session, he
hoped the Government would postpone it till next year.
The Bill contained some clauses which if not expunged
or greatly modified would be a curse to Scotland. Any
man, for instance, who went to reside in Scotland for a
temporary purpose, if he only took a moor there for
sporting for a few weeks, would be liable to be rated
not only for his property in Scotland, but for all his
property in England, in the East and West Indies, or in
America, and for all his stock in trade, and this, in his
opinion, was neither fair nor liberal, and he trusted her
Majesty's Government would take some course to re-
move the objections in Committee. He appealed to the
good sense of the Noble Duke opposite (Buccleuch),
and he trusted he would see the secessity of postpone-
ment.

The House then went into Committee on the Bill,
when a desultory conversation took place between Lord
CAMPBELL and the Burl of HADDINGTON, the first of
whom contending that the Bill did not sufficiently de-
fine the meaning of the terms " means" and "sub-
stance," upon which persons resident in Scotland were
to be rated to the poor, while the latter contended that
it did. _ _

The LORD CHANCELLOR remarked that their
Lordships were wasting time in discussing the point.
The Bill introduced no new principle, and it would he
now as hitherto open to the courts of law to define, when
occasion should arise, what was the meaning of the
terms " means" and " substance." The Noble and
Learned Lord was a distinguished lawyer, and well able
to define the meaning of the term. Instead, therefore,
of calling upon. the Noble Duke (Buccleuch) to give
the required definition of the terms, he ought to enlighten
the I-louse himself upon the matter.—(Hear, and a laugh.)
The Earl of DALHOUSIE declared that the meaning
of the terms were well understood in Scotland, and the
principles which had regulated the courts of law in de-
ciding upon these questions had been in force for the
last three hundred years. He thought, therefore, the
Noble and Learned Lord had raised an unnecessary
discussion.

After a word or two from the Duke of BIJCCLEUCR
and Lord CAMPBELL, the Bill went through Committee,
arid their Lordships having resumed, the Chairman
reported progress, and the Bill was ordered to be read
a third time to-morrow.

UNCLAIMED DIVIDENDS BILL.
This Bill was read a third time and passed, as was
also the Spirits (Ireland) Bill, and the Excise Duties or
Spirit (Channel Islands) Bill.
SALE AND LEASING OF RAILWAYS BILL.
This Bill was read a second time and ordered to be
committed.

_____
BILLS OF EXCHANGE BILL.
This Bill was also read a second time, and ordered to
be committed._ . _

LUNATICS (IRELAND) BILL.
This Bill passed through Committee, as did also the
Drainage (Ireland) Bill, and the Irish Fisheries Bill.
Lord IviONTEAGLE wished to introduce a clause
wbich would impose the smallest penalty, but it was
withdrawn, and the Bill passed through Committee, and
the report was ordered to be brought up to-morrow.
ASSISTANT BARRISTERS (IRELAND) BILL.
This Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be
committed to-morrow.

STAMPS DUTIES (IRELAND) BILL.
This Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be
printed.

MILITIA (IRELAND) BILL.
This Bill was read a second time.
LANDS AND WOODS IMPROVEMENT BILL.
This Bill was read a second time.
LUNATICS' ASYLUM BILL.

On the second reading of this Bill being moved,
Lord BEAUMONT objected that there was 1,5001. a
year allowed to the Commissioners under this Bill, when
the Poor-law Commissioners had only 7001.
The Bill was read a second time without further
comment.

TLI SUN, LONDON, TUBS DAY MORNING, JUL Y 29, 18;6.

penalties, and therefore he thought that the apprehension was
groundless.
Lord SA NDON suggested that an alteration might be made
in the provisions of the Bill to state to what place the Irish
pauper should be transhipped, for at present they might be sent
to anywhere, at the charge of the whole county of Lancaster.
Sir J. GRAHAM said that after the observations of the
Noble Lord the Irish Members ought to be satisfied that the
Bill was a great change for the better. Heretofore Liverpool,
which had a population of 80,000 Irish labourers, and whose
labour it required, could, at any time that their labour was
not required, ship them off to Dublin in the cheapest packet on
the station at the cost of the whole county of Lancaster, while
by this Bill, the town which enjoyed the benefit was charged
with the expense of the shipment, and was obliged to ascertain
the place of birth, and to send the parties and their families to
such ports as were nearest to their usual places of residence.
Sir D. NORREYS withdrew his opposition.
The report was received, and the Bill ordered to be read a
third time to-morrow.

COURT OF CHANCERY BILL.
The report on this Bill was brought up, azl4 the Bill was
ordered to be read a third ti'ee to-morrow, at twelve o'clock.
REAL PROPERTY BILL.
The Real Property (No. 3) Bill was read a third time and
assed.

APPREHENSION OF OFFENDERS BILL.
This Bill was read a second time and ordered to be corn
mitted ta-morrow at twelve o'clock.
TAXING MASTERS' COURT OF CHANCERY (IRE
LAND) BILL.
This Bill was read a third time and passed.
LIBEL BILL.
This Bill was read a third time and passed.
GAMES AND WAGERS BILL.
The House then went into Committee on this Bill.
Clauses up to 16 were agreed to with a few verbal amend.
ments.

On clause 17 being proposed, which legalised subscriptions
to the turf,
Mr. C. BERKELEY objected to this one-sided legislation
which went, he contended, to legalise gambling one way, while
it attempted to put it aside in another. He should take the
sense of the House upon the question, whether the clause should
stand part of the Bill.
Sir JAMES GRAHAM defended the clause.
Strangers were ordered to withdraw, and the Committee d
vided, when there appeared—
For the clause
Against it
Majority for the clause
The clause was then agreed to, as were the other clauses, and
the Bill was ordered to be reported to-morrow at twelve
o'clock.

37

CHURCH BUILDING ACTS AMENDMENT BILL.
This Bill was read a third time.
On the question that the Bill do pass,
Mr. NICHOLL moved the addition of the following
clause, which was agreed to :—" And be it enacted, that
where, at the passing of this Act, there is not any
consecrated church in one of two parishes which may
have been for thirty years neat before the passing of
this Act united, or reputed to have been united, for
ecclesiastical purposes, and where a new church has been or
shall hereafter be built wholly or in part out of any funds at the
disposal of her Majesty's said Commissioners, in the said parish
in which there is not any such church as aforesaid, the whole
of such parish may, after the consecration of such new church,
be disunited for ecclesiastical purposes from the other parish,
and may be formed into a separate and distinct parish fur
such purposes, with the same consents, in the same manner,
and under and subject to the same provisions and consequences
as are mentioned and contained in the hereinbefore recited
Acts or any of them, or in this Act, relative to the formation
of a distinct and separate parish, where the same is formed out
of one parish not united with another parish."
The clause was added to the Bill, and the Bill passed.
The House then adjourned till Five o'clock.

The House resumed at Five o'clock.
REPORTS.
....

The reports on the Nelson's Charity and the Ellison's
Estate Bill were brought up and agreed to.
SMALL DEBTS BILL.
Mr. H. BERKELEY said, that owing to the other
business upon the paper, it would not be in the power
of the Rouse to consider and discuss this Bill, which
stood for the third reading that evening. He should,
therefore, wish to know how they might have the dis-
cussion, as ho intended to move an amendment upon
one of the clauses.

Sir J. GRAHAM, with the view of acommodating
the Hon. Member, would then move that the order of
the day on this Bill be discharged, for the purpose of
moving that lit be read a third time to-morrow, at
twelve o'clock.

Sir VALENTINE BLAKE said, that as the legis-
lative functions of that House were about to be suspended,
he begged leave to make a few observations upon the
conduct of an individual, and upon the policy of the
Government during the present session.
After an observation from the SPEAKER, upon a point
of order,

The HON. BARONET proceeded to say, that he
wished to address himself to the Right Honourable
Bart. at the head of the Government, who had promoted
several individuals to lucrative situations, but upon eno
individual had cast a most unenviable notoriety, It
would be in the recollection of the House that in the late
debate, when the question of the opening of Trinity
College, Dublin, to persons of all religious persuasions
was the subject of discussion, the Right Hon. Baronet
said that the Catholic Warden of Galway had signed a
petition in: favour of the Irish Colleges Bill. He (Sir
V. Blake) did not wish to interrupt—for an interruption
even to so great a gun as the Right Hon. Baronet would
not be acceptable—(Laughter)—althoughthe were in error.
The Maynooth Bill was valiantly passed.—(Laughter.)
The Right Hon. Baronet was very improperly alluded to
in the discussion on that measure. It was stated that
he had been guilty of faithlessness to his party, and it
was ultimately alleged that he was guilty of perfidy.
The Right Honourable Baronet was not guilty of
anything like perfidy. He was not, certainly,
in unity with a moiety of his party, but that moiety had
no right to say that he had abandoned his party, because
the greater portion of his party supported him. Those
individuals who attributed perfidy to him had no idea of
the sacred scheme, and the working of the Bill.
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE.
Mr. HENLEY wished to ask the Right Honourable
Baronet the Secretary of State for the Home Depart-
ment, whether the letter written by him to the magis-
trates of Stafford upon the subject ct administering jus-
tice in their own houses applied generally to magistrates?
Sir J. GRAHAM said, that Hon. Members would
perceive, from the report which lay upon the table, that
in the case referred to, the magistrate had decided a
case of trespass in his own house, without the presence
of a clerk or any other magistrate. He must certainly
repeat his opinion as to the impolicy of this line of con-
duct in all cases.

Mr. HENLEY said he had, according to his notice,
another question to put to the Right Hon. Baronet. He
wished to ask whether it was intended to bring in
any measure to relieve magistrates from the re-
sponsibility of dealing with those parties that might
be brought before them? His reason for putting the.
question was, that there were now a great number of
railway Bills, in which clauses were inserted requiring
the magistrates to decide summarily upon cases brought
before them by the servants of the Companies.
Sir J. GRAHAM said that he did not see any neces-
sity to alter the law.
Mr. HUME said he thought the House would not
object to relieve the county magistrates of all respon-
sibility, and to have stipendiary magistrates appointed
in their places.
Sir J. GRAHAM believed that the county magis-
trates Were of great service, and that such misconduct as
was complained of in the papers on the table was very

rare.