The Sun.
London, England, 1844-05-11 00:00:00

was against Switzerland ; yet, despite that diseeiv,alll
Switzerland was able to maintain a successful comp r'
tion with us. And why was it so ? BCCallSe
Swl
land required to consume a certain amount of f°reig'
t,
produce, and it was found that the cheapest watftres,
which she could logy for that was by her inanufse
Though the disadvantages of her situation told grie, fait
against he,., though she made on the whole scarce ono
return for her industry, still she was able to carry,tilt,
trade which supplied the wants of her population•h),,ed
exchange of her manufactures for foreign goods'.
why was that ? It was because she had not imposese;)
strictions on the freedom of commerce.—(Hear;h
areset
There was a still stronger case. The Right Hon. 13
were
had stated that the United States of Arne,rirt.all,)
driving us out of many neutral markets. flu v•—" ofar
believed that to be so. He believed that the Tn.° lig
turers of .the United States were successfully cony
with us in many of the third markets of the. to
How did they account for that on their principte„All
whatever rendered manufactures dearer renderts
competition impossible ? It was notorious that thellos
of wages was higher in the United States. 'do
in this country. But he denied that ,bns
price of the raw material was dearer here
r; in
it was in America, because a bale of c' as, if
bond in Liverpool imported from New Orleans 11 go,
anything, cheaper than a bale of cotton in hood „oe
O
sachusetts imported from the same place. The ros
of the conveyance from New Orleans to Liven °t tee
not greater—(Cries of "Less, less")--than frere
Orleans to Massachusetts. It was not, thereforecto,
price of the raw produce which enabled the o'll6o
Curers of the United States to maintain a coorntite
with us. Then, what was that that upon then' ;leo
ciple of the impossibility of raising prices or wages
Chet
there was foreign competition—what was that ollf
enabled the North American manufacturer to yuccas from
compete with us ? He had seen a trade circulsricortli
China the other day, stating the great amount of 'Ol
American manufactures that was imported intestnteJ
country ; and he must say, that the trade circular .000,
the reason of that fact to be, as he believed it, that ;egt
North American United States no duty at all ris4
upon tea, and, consequently, tea was very rapidly met
in consumption in that country, and the North itoote
can manufacturer produced those goods for the Pt. Wit
of paying for that tea which they required ,
countrymen. If they calculated the expense of therms
rican manufacturer in money, and of the IsfanchesteciA
facturer in money, on the spot, it would be found, n° .-srd °f`
that the Manchester manufacturer could produce 9'
cotton cheaper than the American, but yet that;el.oo'
enable him successfully to compete with the -Mer to°,
because the latter had the advantage in the "ee
cargo. That supported his principle that their eel ril r
och
tion with foreign countries was not a matter o.jo roe
danger. He was persuaded that,
spect to China, they must put an end to coutkrrs4
with America. If they received the corn of `for tlo
into this country, it would be a cheaper modes c
bob
American to buy tea, to send corn here, and
manufactures with the price thereof, and then seri,
those manufactures to China; but we, by of C'
would not allow that to take place, anwthet
trary to what nature really intended, vire•L;tori ,
e:
fully peopled country should be a manurrsey
country, and that a half-settled country shotou• roar'agricultural country, we compelled the AmerieanintOr
chant to pay for the tea which he required for e.e°etores
tion, not by British but by American mann ber,
He was perfectly sensible how imperfectly beiLP.,:yili°.,
able to state those views to the House, but he t"'"„ quo
difficult it was, upon what was, after all, rather "s";
Lion of abstract political economy, to argue in slue
bly like that. But unfortunately it was those filet"
which were at the bottom of the question ; tbel?,f
fore, it was not in his power to avoid going jaw." the,"
The argument that foreign competition would 0.11 eu
trade was totally visionary, and equally visield
the great fall of wages which they anticipated Ail 0,
wthoeuldimargeminllayryharpupinenofwtahseirthmatanutfhaceytu.re,:.o•
urd,ert:
certain degree, diminish the productive po wo,hi
this country—(Hear, hear)—and that the bordello wf
be thrown not on one particular class, but et cost`(
whole country. First, by the slightly increase et,
the manufactures required for the home Inar,7-e tl9lO
course if manufacturing labour was less producell
hitherto, there would be somewhat of a dinlio7,-g,
the abundance of the supply for the home inte-014r;
the cost would be thereby increased. But that WrSo grt
only for a short extent of time, for they all knewl
i;t to
was the progress of improvement in machinerY,t'rAii`
was no question ten hours' labour per day would.% 07,
a larger amount of goods for home consuraPgfje istem
twelve hours would a few years previously. "LA ill '4
ests of the working classes were deeply involve'-'w „al
question, and he would recommend the House
that compromise of an Eleven Hours' Bill tow Pensio,"
House had pledged itself on a former °e,,oslow
He owned that that did appear to him to be so bre potii
an experiment upon the temper and minds of tse
lotion in the manufacturing districts, that even if yrieve
on previous occasions voted against .his Noble foie
lie would hesitate much before he repeated th,a,,
he would shrink from being a party to altering !'„rtis C°11;
sion to which they had already come. If iniuri"oicltelei
sequences followed, the exclusive responsibility wactroclic
with her Majesty's Government. He hoped,gpv
that the working classes would petition. -`"-srposej)
be certain that though what they desired was P.,,°"erroCoi
it was virtually carried.—(Hear, hear, from
He said again it was virtually carried. -Lte° f
they would not find in the whole course
liamentary history, any question in which ti,ifie gar
body of the people took so deep an interest•--Vyjolt;
which was not ultimately brought to a successf,a'oirj
—(Cheers.) He knew not how long the struggie,.teirn
be prolonged, but of its ultimate issue he enter ere
not the slightest doubt. He could not help askie.,,,b,eY',
her Majesty's Government whether" they theTri
were not in their hearts persuaded' that it °tire
terminate in one manner, and, if so, he asked thero..t
it well that the struggle should continue?—(C king t,d,
Mr. LIDDELL said he could not help thin"..,, Are;
the Noble Lord had somewhat perplexed his °T-501)41
went by the manner in which he had treated the
of foreign trade.—(Hear, hear.) The Noble Lee e'vn;
diverged into the subject of protective duties. ter in
ceived that the corn-laws did not necessarill.,elid Ore:
this question. If those laws were to be justliie,r if'!" ad
they were to be justified on grounds altoget,le
pendent of a Ten Hours' Bill. Never, sincexf6colgl,
had a seat in Parliament, had he felt so much 10 ref ,"„a
in reconciling his feelings and his judgment as y 01°.i$
rence to that question. His feelings went entire tberoo
with the Noble Lord, whereas, after the most deeileti,,.)
and careful consideration, he felt himself ee?Pi,befiliie
vote with her Majesty's Government—(sle
There was nothing novel, indeed, in the prig elta lab°".e
Noble Lord's proposal. In the case of a
they had practically ten hours' daily work. le 01
he lb'
of bricklayers, woodcutters, and others, L,-.ein IS 1.
labour were rom sunrise to sunset—fro:l 5, 101)de
morning till six in the evening, with two 11°er'rs
from toil—(Hear, hear) and if ten ill. 00
enough for them, with the fresh breath 'floe be
blowing upon them, it was certainly en-solv
those who were employed in factories. :01
gricultur ce.of
bad
did not consider her Majesty's Governmtios oo'
acted on that occasion with their usual diser.ef.ise..°J
foresight.—(hear, hear.) He must say thutl their 5.1;0
vernment were prepared originally to take do Vii'
on this great question, if they were determinetbs 'vet
to no compromise whatever, notwithstanding a
,e it st
ht bet,
sion of that House, they ought at least to hAt
their opinions, in order that their intentions le viri too,
b 4 en evident to their supporters and friends ° the ity.
House.—(Laughter.) By riot having done s;rples,re
vernment had been exposed to considerable 1„0,141
—(Great, laughter.) He said, from his own keif it bed
that there were many Hon. Gentlemen Wh°' it° te
. 0 pit
been known that such importance was „t „lag
to the ten hours' clause, would n-new,, 0
voted with the Noble Lord without Closely come
all the arguments, and they might then hsve pert',,
different cunlesion.—(Great laughter.) It wa"„bjee' to ,1
true that the reasoning which applied to this a"ovi°ot
not obvious on the surface. One feeling wa.seierati°4,oo
but a little previous reflection, and more cons'
,rain
the subject, might have induced many to ah.„er)
giving a vote which, when once given, it wsl.d ,oel
cult to retract. (Hear.) But though lie dl 13sf`pof
prove of the course pursued by the Right bea:rit)
(Sir J. Graham), lie gave him full credit t°,4llorr it
and sincerity of purpose. The Noble Lord (Lori,"cvefetile
stated that this was not a question which, J!ito doe
might be decided, would call for the resignetjoi Oisti
Government. Had the Noble Lord thorolito,) $
dared the provisions of this Bill ?—(llear, ffeciisgi,y,
he not know that it was a question aoratsillince
vast deal of property, and vast masses of the e..„ofere4)
and that the Government had had previouscrio, e'r
with the parties immediately concerned ?—il'e-ollieroi"
The Right Hon. Baronet felt himself bound te- not be
the provisions of his own Bill ; and he weber 0,04,
prised, therefore, at his suggestion, that re,,onla C 0°
guilty of any dishonourable compromise be. the pee'
into private life. He felt entire confidence '!'w
intentions of the Government. What poiSSI indtll It
went, except a sense of duty, could possibiAr doe .0 in
coovernm the
ent to take could not be a wish to pleasecoursethe Crown af°ro.ll:fcrtstra;
this country would so rejoice in the well til, 'Zola of
habitants as her most gracious MajestY. to ,
be a desire to please their friends, for e rgo to
them they were placed in painful, oll'eed
cure
(Hear.) Lastly, they could not be itui ig ths'snse
tu
desire of truckling to their opponents ; Or One a the
they would have pursued a different course._ nosti_trist
alone could have induced the Government_imueff, s
ugi
course which they were then pursuing,
of the resrth°
sense of duty, a thorough consciousness 4,:)..01 belie ea
bility which rested upon them, and a B.;„id 01'4
any compromise of this great question
while
Pid
detriment and injury to those classes wnub; should
intended to benefit. For these reasons
_lrene /sir J.
port the measure of her Majesty's Govern Ablef)
Mr. BERNAL said the Right Hen', /Lord
with
hham) changinghad chhisargtaeedtietsheo
on that
b eeot-i
ttibooe
had taken up the commerciathat the P one
question. Now he contended t
a, todeirg
le
of the Noble Lord's opponents
..,./11:s the p.sicno‘s:-61
manifest revolution.—(Hear, hear-) It I:, been chto
of the Noble Lord's proposal which had
re oPP°se t"
on former occasions by those who we,
_en doss ad
(Hear.) He appealed to Hon. Genti,en h uor,),
nto forwer erette°
He would be the last man to refer had 0,.400
was not
e
that itt
tnaelsurnedbat ea
theps
tciaosne
w; h
ittenhd t
hey whetherhe
of r deliverelequeea
synb but he
nhhaving
uFI
trhsnteoAtoi helpnpiosrtet
urnoit saying,the
Cr
ked ill es
, iSi°ll!:
odnitLete, Sound,saieneidia
language, but marked by goo
necessity
el recc!:
the nece
right feeling, in reference to
very excellent sentiments, not
Jarful Ines° uhiec.
vi.S •
not merely education, but hea rev°
_e vib
their poure • A ho
tion and amusement for ro.
He would ask the Right Hon. Baroneetowtris to 1014
supported him in that view, how thos