The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-04 00:00:00

SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 4, 18,44:

scribed integrity, of a wealthy few, and a
pauper people ;—of unprincipled chiefs and tur-
bulent followers, under whose disorganising quarrels
and rapacity agriculture decays, trade languishes,
confidence expires, and love of country sleeps the sleep
of death. These are conditions common to the pre-
sent aspect of both Spain and Greece. OTHO is faith-
less to his constitutional oath ; ISABELLA tramples
under foot, at the instigation of CHRISTINA, the con-
stitution which both have, over and again, solemnly
sworn to uphold. ISABELLA and OTHO receive into
their respective councils, protection, and favour,
the avowed enemies of the liberties of the coun-
tries they severally govern. The men who
have laboured, and fought, and bled to uphold
those liberties, they hand over as meet sacrifices to the
bloodthirsty hatred of the adventurers who have assassi-
nated freedom, and set up in its stead a ghastly idol of
tyranny attired in some of her habiliments. Is there,
then, it may be asked, no people to interfere, either in
Spain or in Greece, in order to vindicate their own
rights, to reconstruct their own privileges, to pre-
scribe their own form of government, to control the
delinquencies of those who govern ? If the aristocracy
of the former, or the chiefs of the latter, still lack the
energy or the means to right themselves and the laws,
are there no true men, of the humbler classes, to inter-
pose and arrest the downfal of their tottering States ?
Alas ! the long prescription of defective customs,
or abused institutions, has so utterly abased, and so
enfeebled these humbler, though far more numerous,
sections of the people, that they can accomplish
nothing of themselves, although they groan and
writhe under the bitterness of their bondage, the
shame of their degradation. Then why not make
common cause (it may be asked) with their lords or
their leaders, their chiefs or their nobles? Shall we
I venture to answer for them ? Because nobles and chiefs
leaders and lords, have NOT made honest cause with
them. Because wealth has been willing to see them sa-
crificed to the treason or cabal of the day, provided only
it could secure and retain its own possessions. Because
rank and power have abandoned the natural and legi-
timate claimants on their protection, in their own
hour of aggrandisement and security, in order to
secure their own slippery footing in the halls of capri-
cious despotism, and to rivet still more tightly on
their own serfs or dupes the chains which their supe-
rior tyrant has permitted them to forge for that pur-
pose. What wonder, then, that the compatriots of
HARMODIUS or Of PELAGIO, born and nurtured as it
were in the long descended hatred of royal oppression
and foreign authority, should look on with apathy at the
unbridled career of desolation and infamy which both
the one and the other are spreading headlong over
Spain and Greece in these their unhappy times ?
But there are yet other and greater States, still un-
cursed by foreign influence, still uninsulted and unpro-
voked by any movement of royalty towards despotism,
enjoying a general condition of extreme prosperity, with
certain modifications of extreme poverty and misery
—abundant in their free institutions, and enjoying
the free working of them—there are yet States of the
first rank and most signal power which exhibit some
fearful symptoms of internal derangement and dis-
eased action, manifesting themselves in the same ex-
tremities—namely, the lower orders. Let them learn,
betimes, the memorable truth which the close proxi-
mity of excessive opulence and abject destitution ;
vast accumulations of capital and every phase of
poverty ; horrible want and magnificent profusion—
ought never to proclaim in vain. The few, in order
to uphold even the most perfect and favourable of
human institutions, must depend on the many; and
since the many can have no common interest with
the few in supporting establishments under which
they derive no fair proportion of common
advantage, property must come to the aid of poverty.
The unequal distribution of wealth is an incident
which cannot be prevented ; but the pressure upon
those whose portion of it is absolutely, or but next to,
privation, may be relieved by property's placing a ge-
nerous and enlarged construction upon its own duties.
Let us secure the alliance of those who want not only
present relief, but timely confidence and encourage-
ment. There are political and social, as well as moral
benefits, of the most invaluable kind, to be secured by
the upper and middling classes who shall thus avert
the chances of such estrangement of the lower from
the higher orders, which now leaves Athens and
Attica a prey to Bavarian bad faith and mismanage-
ment—and humbles the pride of the Castilles and the
pomp of Madrid beneath the base intrigues of
CHRISTINA and her minions, or the arrogant brutality
of such an adventurer as NARVAEZ.

The Madrid journals of the 26th contain no news.
The fate of the on and brother-in-law of ZURBANO
was not known in the capital on that day, but it was
generally believed that orders bad been sent for their
execution. The Clamor Publico states that orders
had also been sent to Cadiz for the execution of
General ARNOZ.

MADRID BOURSE, Nov. 26.—Three per Cents., for
cash, 31 9-16; for account, 31i. Five per Cents.,
for cash, 23i ; for account, 21.

No official intelligence had reached Paris on Mon-
day of the execution of young ZURBANO and his
uncle at Logrono, but nearly all the journals regard
it as a matter beyond doubt, and justly comment with
severity on the atrocious policy of the Spanish Go-
vernment. Even the Ministerial Journal des Debats
is obliged to chime in with the general cry of indig-
nation, and would willingly keep out of view the fact
that the parties who are now committing such cruel-
ties in Spain are the creatures of the French Court and
Cabinet, and were established in power, if not by
French gold, at all events by French intrigue. Of this
no impartial observer can entertain a reasonable
doubt, and the Government and the Government press
of France must come in for a share of the odium ex-
cited by the despotic and cruel conduct of NAavanz.
That journal now seems disposed to cast him off, and
even denies that it had ever supported the party.
" Certainly," it says, " we had no great confidence in
the Government of Spain, but we were far from ex-
pecting such enormities, even from a Cabinet directed
by NARVAEZ. Are those the men who denounced
as a crime the execution of the unfortunate DIEGO
LEON, who were to open to their country a new era
of reconciliation and peace, and who designed to en-
large the field of political discussion ? Now, more
than ever, we congratulate ourselves on having re-
fused all adhesion to the acts of this soldier-Govern-
ment, which holds itself up to universal reprobation."
The following particulars respecting the fate of the
unfortunate victims are given by the correspondent
of the Constitutionnel :
"We have related all the details of the arrest of
the son and brother-in-law of Zurbano in the environs
of Logrono, taken in an olive-grove, where they were
found concealed, but without arms. The son, a young
man aged twenty-eight, esteemed in the army, in which
he held the rank of major, excited a lively interest in
the inhabitants of Logrono, and even the Moderados ex-
pressed a wish that the Queen's Government would spare
him. General Oribe, who holds the command at
Burgos, listened to these appeals, and considering, no
doubt, that the real, if not the only culprit in the eyes
of the Government, was Martin Zurbano, and that the
circumstances attending the capture did not imperatively
prove the complicity of Benito Zurbano and his uncle,
therefore, notwithstanding the general orders issued by
Narvaez for shooting Zurbano and his confederates, de-
ferred the execution, and applied to the Government for
express orders. The inhabitants of Logrono, profiting
by the respite, sent to Madrid a numerous deputation,.
among whom were the most important men of all
opinions, to lay a petition for mercy at the foot of the
throne. The mother and mother-in-law of Benito Zur-
bano also went to Madrid, and drew tears from the eyes
of the Queen-Mother, by throwing themselves in the
attitude of supplication in the road by which her Majesty
was passing in her carriage. Their ardent prayers and
bitter sobs were of no avail. The Government remained
implacable. An order was immediately dispatched to
General Oribe to consummate the execution, and, on
the 25th ult. Benito Zurbano and his uncle, with their
two servants, were shot at Logrono. This was not all
the stern rigour of the Government ; General Oribe was
dismissed from his command for not having it . blindly fol-
lowed his first instructions, and
,even said that he is
to be brought before a court-martial.,
The same journal thus contrasts the conduct of Es-
PARTERO under somewhat similar circumstances wit
that of NARVAEZ

----- -- --- --- -
be compare re
" Let the deplorable details of the execution of rjenito
Zarbano, his uncle, and their servants,
Loon, and
' it will b© seen whether the Aky'
aerados
with the conduct of Espartero's Government., tow-irds
Diego L
have not deprived themselves of the right
C'-e P--xclaiming
against the cruelty of the ex-Regent. D'4o.-;o Lon was
taken with arms in his hands, and yet 14', was granted a
trial ; his execution vras the consegt...eace of a
juthrinent,
partial and pitiless no doubt, but r.t least invested with
the forms of justice. In the pr
1-,at an arbitrary and atro-
event case, there was no
the prisoners was,
judgment, no trial—nothing
cious act of power. The ie,entity of
it is true, established, bu:t there was no proof of their
criminality ; and, we 9,4 d, nothing can be further from
proof than that there was any culpability inl3enito Zar-
bano than his being the son of his father. He was taken

almost alone, concealed, and without arms. Can we,
therefore, be astonished if it be hereafter shown that he
disapproved ,of the insurrection, and that he wished to
avoid, by flight, participating in those sanguinary acts
of reprisals which parties in Spain—even those in pos-
session of the Government—perpetrate upon their ene-
mies ? Prim has escaped, thanks to a species of trial
which, from the very inignity of the accusation, excited
a universal opinion against it. The son of Zurbano has
been executed without any form or process, as if it was
determined to hasten his death in order to tear him from
public compassion. In civilised nations, to execute a
man without trial is not punishment, but murder."
The Journal des Debuts contains an article on the
quarantine laws, in which it strongly recommends the
Government to get rid of the false notions that pre-
vail respecting contagion, and place French vessels on
an equality with those of England and Austria.
The Three per Cents. continued to advance, and
closed on Monday at 84f. 15c.

THE BOURSE--MONDAY, DEC. 2
First Highest Lowest Last

Price. Price. Price. Price.
French Five perCenta•• .• 119 30 •• 119 30 .. 119 30 .. 119 30
Three per Cents••••• 84 10 •• 84 15 83 35 .. 84 15
Bank of France
iSelgtan Bank •••• •••• 582 50 •• 585 .. 582 50 .. 585
Belgian Fives,lB4o • • •• 1031 •• leg • • 103 .. 103 t
Two-and-a-Half— 61 60 •• 61 60 .. 61 GO .. 61 60
Dutch Two and-a-Half ••• •• 63 •• 63 63 63
•tpanish Threes •• • .
Neapolitan•• .• •• •• •• • • /5 65 •• 95 90 •• 95 65 .. 915 90
Boma:, ..... • 1041 .. 104 i .. 104} .. 104 k

manner in which the plaintiffs became possessed of the
patent alleged to be infringed. It appeared that Mr.
William Thornton Car formerly kept a mill at Black-
heath, where he carried on experiments in the improve-
ment of carding machines. In 'MI he invented an ap-
paratus for card setting, and obtained the patent in ques-
tion. Having borrowed a sum of money and deposited
the patent as security for repayment in a given time, he
was unable to pay at the expiration of that period, and
consequently the patent was forfeited. The trial will
occupy more than one day.

ashore this morning, on Gunton-beech, and remains,
beating heavily ; crew saved.
JERSEY, DEC. 30.—Arrd. Damon, Malyard, Ichaboe.
Sld. Agenoria, Monte Video.
Bats'rel., DEc. 2.—Sld. Pomona, Trinidad. 3. York-
shire and Ellerslie, New Orleans.
OFF BEACHEY HEAD, DEC. I.—Pearl, Hayward,
Ceylon.
OFF THE WIGHT, DEC. I.—Hand of Providence, St.
John's, New Brunswick ; Maid, Craig. Quebec.
HULL, DEC. 2.—Sld. Agenoria, Ichaboe.
GLASGOW, DEC. I.—The Augusta, Mitchell, of Leith,
which struck on the Cannon 1-?.ock, 27th ult., was subse-
quently taken in tow by a steamer for Greenock, was
abandoned, 29th, off the Copeland Light, but has since
been picked up and carried into C3nipbletown.

---
MONEY AND COMMERCIAL NE W S.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
There was a very dull market for Cotton at Liverpool
yesterday. Sales 4,000 bales, at Ad. per lb. decline.—The
transactions in Shares were numerous, and prices were
firm generally. Bristol and Exeter, 69; Dublin and
Cashel, 81-; Eastern Counties, Perpetual, No. 1,70 s. 10;
Glasgow and Greenock, Halves, 38s. ; Grand Junction,
216 17 20; Ditto, Halves, 108 10; Great Western, 1421;
Ditto, Fifths, 261 ; Liverpool and Manchester, Halves,
52.1; London and York, ,11-; London aDd South-Western,
811 ; Manchester and Leeds, Halves, 50/ ; Midland
Counties, 108; North Union, 1454; Sheffield and Man-
chester, 95; South-Eastern, 371; Ditto, ilalves, 11 10-;
Ulster, 39; Lyons and Avignon, 545. 6d. 5;35. 6d.; Paris
and Lyons, 645; Paris and Strasburg, 52s ; Orleans,
Tours, and Bordeaux, 61 ; Boulogne and Ami Ons, 5;
Central of France, 11 11.
Another trial has been made of the conveyance a
fruit by the Southampton Railway. A cargo of oranges,
ex Fear-not, has been received from ;St. Michael's, this
being the vessel that made the extraordinary quick pas-
sage with a cargo of pine apples last summer. She ar-
rived at Southampton in twelve days from the Azores,
discharged her cargo yesterday (Tuesday), at Southamp-
ton, and at two o'clock to-day it was sold by the brokers
at Monument-yard, London; whereas another vessel
that sailed the same day, the Countess Liverpool, bound
for the port of London, and which was off the Wight on
Monday last, is still in the Channel, and is likely to con-
tinue so with the present easterly wind.
An arrival from the Mauritius brings dates of the 7th
September. In order to relieve the pressure for money,
the most influential merchants had agreed to take Com-
pany's rupees at 50 cents for two years. The importa-
tion of so many labourers caused an increased demand
for the metallic currency, and with the Coolies rupees
were a favourite coin.
The merchants are not yet in receipt of their Indian
letters, consequently we cannot yet express any opinion
upon the state of commerce in the East.
The market for the English Securities has been very
firm, but the business doing is limited. Consols have
realised 1008 to 101* for Money, this being the first day
of the shutting ; and for the opening they are 991 to par
without the dividend. Bank Stock has been supported
at 207 to 208. The New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents.
have been marked 102. a to ; and the Three per Cents.
100 k to 8. Exchequer Bills are 535. to 555. premium,
money being in request, as this is the 4th of the month.
The Foreign Securities have been tolerably good, but
are not so firm now as at the commencement of business
this morning. Spanish Actives are 248 7,-, and the
Three per Cents. 36i 4 ; Portuguese Converted ob-
tained 551 to 56 for Account ; Mexican Bonds are 368
to 361 ; Colombian 14;-,1 ; and Brazilian 884. Dutch
Two-and-a-Half per Cents. realise 638.
The Railway Shares obtained full quotations gener-
ally, the business doing being moderate.
BRITISH FUNDS:THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK.
(From the Official List.)
Bank Stock
3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities
3 per Cent. Coniols. Anns
New 3 per Cent. Annuities 102%%
Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan. 1869 12%
Ditto 30 Years, Expire sth Jan. 1860 l2 5-16%
Bank Stock for Account
Console for Account ........... 9&t 101
Exchequer Bills. 13id. 1,0.
1,0001. .....
Ditto

Ditto Advertised.........
FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY ATOONE O'CLOCK.
Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent. ......... 88
Columbian Bonds.
Mexican Bonds, 1837, 5 per Cent. ..••• 36% -N34
Ditto for the Account
Ditto Deferred Stock 16%
Portuguese Bonds. 5 per Cent.
Ditto Converted :,5
Ditto for the Account
Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent 1194
Spanish Bonds, Five per Cent 1840 .....
j„;;:to for the Account 2434%
Ditto :fires per Cent. ...... ...............
Ditto for i,:7e Account 3%
Venezuela Bone:.. per Cent
Ditto Deferred ••• 12%
63%
Dutch 234 per Cents.... .r.
Ditto 4 per Cent. Certi
99
Dutch 5 per Cents
APICES OF SHARES 1 HIR D'Y AT ONE O'CLOCK.
RAILWAYS. PAID. PER SHARE.
Birmingham and Gloucester lOl •• 97 to
Ditto New; 17%,..... ..... 23% ...... to
Bristol and Exeter
Bristol and Gloucester 3O
... 3534.... to 36
Cambridge and Lincoln
2;,i, to
Chester and Holyhead 5 5%
Churoet Valley
Dublin and Belfast Junction ...... 234 ...... 4 ..****** to --.'
Eastern Counties ......... .......... .. 25 .... ..... 13%% , to
Eastern Union
Grand Junction lOO 213 to
Ditto 34 Shares
Great Southern and Western(lreland).*
Great North of England. IOO
Ditto New
Great Western .... ....... ............. 75
Kendal and Windermere
London 2-,.id Birmingham
London and Blackwall
London and Brighton 5O 48%
Ditto Loan Notes
London and South Western 41% ...... 8034
London and Croydon
London and York 234 4 ... to 3%
Manchester and Leeds
Ditto 34 Shares
Ditto 4 Shares
Manchester and Birmingham ... 40 ..„..... 53
Dit, o 34 Shares
Midland ........ ........
Newcastle and DarlingtonJunct 24 ... 6034 61 to 59
North British
=Rugby
South Eastern and Dover ......... 3334
Ditto New
Trent Valley
Yarmouth and Norwich
York and North Midland ........ 50 ........ 104 .....
Ditto 34 Shares
Ditto Selby Scrip ....... ....... ... 20
Ditto Extension —
Boulogne and Amiens
Orleans and Vierzon
Orleans and Bourdeaux
Paris and Lyons 2 '34% to
Paris and Orleans
Parisand Rouen., ••••••••••••• 20 •.......• 39304
A ,

.....
Paris and Stra Bourg
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, DEC. 3.—We have
again had a brisk market, and prices of the new lines,
with some exceptions, are steady. The heavy stocks
are all improving.—Sheffield and Lincoln, ; Cam-
bridge and Lincoln, 2+ ; Bolton, Wigan, and Liver-
pool, 4 1-16 4; Boulogne and Amiens, 5 (E.), 5 1-16
(F.); Trent Valleys, 88 Accringtons, 2 15-16; Hud-
dersfield and Manchester, 4i ; Blackburn and Preston,
; Gainsborough, Sheffield, and Chesterfield, 3* ;
Darwin and Bolton, 2 ; West Yorkshire, 64 ; London
and York, 41 ; Churnets, 3 ; Manchester and Leeds,
1151 ; Midland, 1081 ; Ditto, 401. shares, 84s. ; South-
Eastern, 37k.