The Sun.
London, England, 1845-12-31 00:00:00

BRAZILIAN- FINANCES,
the
fo lowing plan' 'POI. -improving the " Currency"
establishing-6'a 'Milk" at Rio de Janeiro, on a solid
18, was laid liOrdre the Chamber of Deputies on the
of July la.V,'by his
Excellency Senliar Mandel
73. 13ranco, Minister of Finance, and
inittc.d to a ConaMit tee,of that 'Chamber,, who re-
titT on it the 419.i,444, thc.Aanie mouth,gPc,ommendiPg
I,o)tion. neetirdingly, be discussed_ by the
ran Legislative:Body in, their next session,.which
nunence iattMarmext, .and very little doubt can
entertained of its adoption, and finally, of its ac-
Plilhtuent. "'

„,,,
_,
tie, THE l'Ctrvt.ntisiErft PROPOSAL,'
4,, ,e 1. Tlikci`retilation 'of notes from five •tO 500
ZI shall be kuil.ted So a district. of one or.more oro-
purthe, Govitnment . being- authoristd
.tO smite 'or
pose thotin ttrafave; tine
.common, port,for, the
7,,” part of their
.commerce. .
. .
,The
notes tow current in the .metropolis,. and in
l'orin . , . -
4 ces %Inch may be united to it, shall be exa-
and markE4-crily, ,a,nd. put again in circulation ;
t.tc't each of ".the- other provinces, or union, shall be
,idlted by ()flier notes, distinguished from each other
.1 they
stanifi; which' shnll indicate. the union in
, tney Are pass, signed, by two respectable per-
' in aitvh nnioti. . .. .
.
4i:te notes snail be. distriVnted amongst the provinces
i,ll, 4s, in proportion to the i revenue, public and pro-
t_collecteltherein .; the counterparts,: or. coupons,
I,l,„'lew notes;:remaining in the respective provincial
,;.es wherd.they were issued.
rieregulationa•e6nlitined in the law. of the 6th of
oj, 18.33, are applicable to the present operation,
kevrernment:;undertaking the remittance orthe re-
„unds, bY;iveatis,'or bills of exchange, drawn by
!ti,t'tctire provincial treasuries on each ' other, or on
ki:loaal treardtry,: and vice uersct, cancelling irnme-,
ii,', the notes received by the province
.which draws,
itOing oth,Ns in the one drawn upon ; one per cent.
amount thereof to be paid by the parties for can-
bßrid replacing the" same. .
Ye this operation being-completed, no further sub-
al cf ii ot elhal 1. fake 'place, except that-which is
red by ttlisi4w,'-nainely, the gradual' one' of notes
11,4 t sight,iiia Bold or silver coin, at ',the option-of
literthe Governmentbeing authorised. for this
,f
~., •
0 establish.a new system of gold and silver
koneys;.-is hose. deoination and fineness shall
be the same as thosn m e now extant; batthe weight
of whiclif,Shill-th, the following:—viz., those of
cold, of 5 and " oitavas ;" and those of silver,
I 014 aned'42 "'atavas;"' respectively'; • but without
!y. To
fixcen4life: ' _.
I'o establish, in the metropolis of the empire, a
hank ef,:eirculation_ and deposits, the capital of
which may be raised to 15,000 contos of reis, in
shares crf3soo,milreis each. . . .
° soon. asy this law shall be duly passed, the Go-
' ?,:t stall- announce the sale of the shares, which
o effected, in the, first instance, through the mo-
orf the public treagirry; or by a commission consist-
at least-three " merchants, appointed by the GoeP-
nt ; and 'the'ehoosing of directors shall take place
er 1,500 contos shall have been raised, in paper
Y f,
• 1,, rom I hs...sale of such shares.
4,114 e directors shall consist of three chosen by the
1 Ltneut, wad ,six :elected by the shareholders, who
iii 7 called together for that purpose by public ad-
iltent arlindividual.summons.
1➢
6
e abOV'etti)ininsticin: and Election may take place
)4 rile, birrafterwards it must be .renewed on the
;41day in-the month--of January in the next and
th,o4cceedirlgle'iirYfer the purpose only of chang-
led e, of the directors every, year, one 'of those ap-
pi.:l the pOvernpielit;'and two Of theSe elected by
tsuPrietary;-, to be,,determined by 'let, until such
~t• it can be established by rotation, according to
The iy.
directors must -he Brazilian, citizens, or .
fo-
ers having a fixed residence in the empire, share-
not bang,- employed .in any other . bank, nor
till
lrtojs ef th"lrtiperial -Legislature, whether general
(llncial. ;'' '' ' ''' -• '--- • . '
In • pediment should occur to the elec-
,lald 'e 8;1)% .iP • . ;
It ,b-ng plice 0, the ..Ody appointed by the present
Cut be; done sol capon after as such obstruction
ip:'vo been removed ; the former 'directors con-
%lll the mean time to act ;. any vacancies_that may
111 etween the elections, shall be filled up, ad interim,
reni ~I,,aining,.direetors.. ~
The directors, shall elect a president from among
o,;res, and select the- officers, clerks, and servants
ti':e", and respectable. citizens ; as also, agents re-
fer the .out-doer, department; . granting them
it "stile salaries:- i'!-- ' ' .. „
4,(1-41 the president and principal officers being ap-
' the CoMpany of " the Bank of Brazil" shall be
';e '„red completed; and• as-. such .fully.. Authorised. to
y tialnd to' manage the capital, income, and any pro-
& e Bank' may at-anytime have in its• .possession,
Aft't',lf)y all the powers which can, by law, be con-
NI such companies, even' to the 'Making rules and
t 0 the
for- its "internal -management, being not con-
-1: The
laws of the" state. . „ .
1 i)3ltle Bank being constituted in the. manner above.
ltittl,l-1, the,Government shall enter into treaty with
tq,',! cancelling of ,the paper money now in circula-
t,"te amount. of 45,Cr00.contos, in a period not ex-
1° twenty" years, on the following terms, viz.:—
kee ''L?e Government shall-not issue any more paper
-2, (4, ' a forced circulation.
`tte Gpvernment shall take Oh the national ac-
,c'ent,,sharel in,.the Bank, to the amount of
"00 contos, at any time within 'the first ten
Years, -4,he dividends on. which ,shall be ex-
clusively,,nppropriated . to the.
"cancelling its
paper now in circulation, or to .payment of the
interest- thereon during the ',existence of the
k It ank.
1,
The Government shall pay into the Bank, in the
first ten `rare -of its establishment, 1,500 contos
in pager *money, including the amount of divi7
dads dole to the Government. The Bank shall
shall Purehase"(Miti the produce' of. the 'sale of
shares ,t,,,rtiel, reserving therefrint .500 contos,
8,11.01 -publicly burn, the reinaiiider; issaping
directly 2;soo.contos, by. loans or discounts, in
(its own) notes, payable in gold or silver on
i, P-..nurid.-- -• ' . - - '
in the-!sollowing ten years the Government .shall
tal'e -in Contribution to 2,000 contos, annually,
iVether With the' dividends- to-which the Go-
vernment may be entitled, and the Bank shall,
in like. Manner, retain 500 contos from- each of
these'ilielmentS",
,'burning the 'remainder,' and
issuing, an equal nnionnt in. (its) notes; as above
t. statek.tTleans fmil discounts.
The Bask.,-sbakl .employ the ;bOO ``contos annu-
ally reserved:inthe purchase, of gold and silver,
wbich.thepshall. convert into penned money, of
a new Aii.,; At the, Mint, and deposit, them in its
coffers,' in ordet,to form a fund for the discharge
,6, ..r.,,0f its notes, payable to bearer on demand.
Jo rotnk 'and after' - the twentieth' year. the annual
enntriblitiOn'Of the Government'shall cease and
determine, and the Bank -shall-apply the divi-
dend§,aceruingdne on the Shares-of the Govern-
raent. to the P #.s-;iiient of any debt Which may be
clue liia,tri.the„lttltei to the Torn*, -onthe expi-
red, in: of the last period .of,
.ten Years. The
4ce(qinti' shall: be adjusted thr
.the mutual and
1.1 ~,,netinite hiideamity of both parties. . -
i'clit 4,4. he Itiverinient shall -likewise give the Bank
"54") r one per..eei4c.corbmi,siod-pn! the-.amount era-
,4ll; in exchang'e for the prebiatis - Metals, and what
IN? kitty be regiiirid be and the 500 contos in paper
'lO to realise 600 contos in geld,. and silver during
lkr:„t years Orthe operation. „" ' -. • '
.41 The felNivirig itentis Of intone shall be applied,
sl4lvelY, o-liei:and.above the dividends' arising from
aptit-stuirgi,ll43 ;by. Goveruineri4 to the cancel-
't.,-.°l'. its paper money, v..,.:
~ :,
~...
~ .
The, . produce of alt lotteries which
.may take
place in the, empire, ex.clusive of those already
granted,-being.-comprehended therein, not only
thevxistingimpc,,st; but-moreaver: the part which
appertains to. those to whem-the .grant,is• con-
''k , ecded:
`• Theilikbditee: from .the sales of nit national ,pro-:
Perty not required fof the public service; as like-
-wise tthatitrisM4from gold raiied,' and any other
minerals, itibluding,the revenue derived from the
tte , diamond diStrict.
' `'. The Prodtice.:of- 3 per cent: kledncted from the
Bank dividends, from • the: eFluAive privilege of
playing cards, and' from any new impost which
may for the future be derived from the maim-
-1 faetnre „rind consumption of srmff.. - „
kkc In c-i-- 's,e, -the 'receipts above-.".indieated shall not
of tilit to the' sum of 1,500 cantos* the first ten, and
NNW- in Me 'ISA Ten' yearg,--.lthat sturfiliall be made
1. ~Y a grapdnrinpially
,Iti the 'Budget LaW.
411 p A 0 authority,. wfiatsaer, • trOrn any motive, tar on
tie;tiketext.,ivbateiv,e' r,.:, gad ror phall,_ alienate-the funds
4,1,nt1l foru,cancell'ing Abe Bunk. paper, nor shall the
tlelk" be a party in any:transaction which,may hinder or,
re, Y the etitteellingr..the same, under.pain of the greatest
krisibitty..,..,::, ~. e -.. ~ .... .., ..,,,..-•,, ! : .: . - ,
/414, S.) song 'll3.‘the- Bank thall---ennamence issuing its
daps'' no payment shall be made in, the several public
ofttlients connected with the receipt
,or expenditure
`44Q ena,pire„lvhich_ does-not consisein the first year of
Bilvf,'wentleth part in notes of the' Bank, or in gold or
thir-ciri in the second• year, of two-twentieth parts, in the
kite, Year of the three-twentieth parts, and so on till it
ants to twenty-.twentieths.., . ‘
tf hve Government ordering that the "cohere" of gold
ki."ltYziWOcarti-ts, shall be received or paid at such
of .I,c eflieeg,' at the''rate--ef four thousand reis and that
),e: --
~i'vr at 250 reis... The Government during the first
ant ' ,a6d ;Partienlarly in the :emote provinces, may
pap :rise 'the entry or omissiort of- these quantities in
ltie,e.money with the agio of the (14, or which they
j
fp"- ola.thg:_cgramencement of every financial year.
tel', The following shall be fundamental rules and re-
-"Is of the Bank, viz.:— I_ .
'et' I. +l4-proprietor yr shareholder .shall vote who
does not hold five or more shares; and no one
shall have 'more than. ten• votes, let him hold
Beet, Whatever number of shares he may.
2• /1e; power of' attorney-of more than six months'
date, nor -granted by any shareholder residing
out ef. the country, or by any one employed in
the Bank, shall be considered valid. No one
'Person :can. hold powers of attorney for more
than 300 shares, nor refuse to exhibit his powers;
and shall, on its being required by any other
Shareholder on tendering his vote, swear that he
belit4es his principal to be bona fide possessed of
Sect. Auch shares.
3. All agreetnents relative to the transfer of Bank-
Oiares shall be null and void, which may not be
paid ih full, as likewise: those catered into by
-Pers(ms whose names are nut inscribed in the
llank-books ; and no share shall entitle its
holder to vote, or to receive any dividend due
thereon, who has not been in possession thereof
'for 150 days previous to that on whieh the di*

dend falls due; except the share shall have beer♦
purchased before the first election takes place.-
Sect. 4. Five members of the directory, the president.
being or.e of the number, must positively be pre-
sent at the discussions on any transactions: the
president may nominate any other director to:
supply his place, in case of illness or any other
impediment.
Sect. 5. Sixty shareholders or proprietors, possessing
between them 1,000 shares or upwards, only,.
can call a meeting of the- proprietors or share-
holders, for taking into consideration any matter
for the good of the establishment ; making.
public their reason for calling such meeting, at
least three - months' previous thereto, in -two
public prints. ' ' • , ,•
Sect. 6. Every clerk or cashier of the Bank shall find
two or more sureties for fifty contos of reis at
least, subject t' the approval of the directors,
for his good behaviour and faithful discharge Of
his duties, before he can enter 'on the exercise
thereof.
Sect. 7. The Bank Corporation cannot, directly or indi-
rectly, possess any landed property, except those
necessary for its accommodation and the carry-
ing on its business ; or such as may have been
mortgaged to them, or in satisfaction of any
debt previously contracted in the course of busi-
ness, or declared ,theirs by public auction, in
consequence of any sentence obtained by them
on account of such -debts.
Sect. 8. The Company cannot directly nor indirectly
trade in anything but bills of exchange, gold or
silver in bars, dust, or coin, diamonds, produce
or lands by virtue of an execution, or taken bona
fide in payment of any debts, or merchandise
• the produce of its estates; it cannot make pur-
chases in the public funds, nor charge more than
9 per cent. interest on its loans or discounts.
Sect. 9, The Company cannot make any advances to the
General or Pros icinal Governments for a longer
period than 180 days, and even so, not in such
sums as may alter the relative proportions esta-
blished by this law, between its realised capital
and its issues: ' •
Sect. 10. All bills or notes issued by order of the Com-
pany, signed by the president and countersigned.
by the cashier or chief clerk thereof, payable. to
any person Or persens whatever, to their order
or to the bearer, although they may not have
the Company's seal or emblem, the Company.
shall be liable for the same as if issuee by any
one of its members in their private capacity ;
those made payable to any person or persons or
to their order, shall be endorsed in like manner
as bills of exchange, and those payable to, the
bearer shall be transferrable. The bills and
notes so issued shall be payable at sight.
Sec. 11. Once every year the directors shall lay before
the proprietors or shareholders at a general public meet-
ing, fee their information, an exact report of the debts
outstanding, after the time of payment had elapsed ; as
likewise an account of all their transactions and of their
profits, after deducting the-losses, if any have arisen.
Sec. 12. The directors shall establish branch b asks of
discount and deposit, in such provinces as the Imperial
Legislative Assembly may direct, on the represontation
of the Provincial Assembly, setting forth that the pro-
vince already possesses, or is ready to take shares, to
•one-third the amount, at least, of the paper money cir-
culating therein. They may, moreover, establish like
branches wherever they -may think fit, assigning them
regulations, and appointing to each from one to three
directors, removable at pleasure.
Sec. 13. The Inspector-General of the Treasury may
demerit), every week, information respecting the state
of the Bank, and may inspect or order all the books,
documents, and accounts, including those of the divi-
dends, to be inspected. A statement of its affairs shall
be published monthly, in such manner as the Minister of
Finance may order. The 'Bank shall• be at all times
open for the full and unrestricted inspection- of a com-
mittee from either -Legielative.Chamber, of a-committee
of- the proprietors, and to all and every one- of the
directors. The Minister-of Finance, or a committee •of
either of the said Chambers, or any person authorised
by the one or the other,'may order a notice to begiven
for the t xamination 'on oath of the directors, .officers, •
cashiers, agents, &c., of the Bank, touching any matter
relating thereto or to its transactions : any one of whom
refusing to comply shall he fined 100 milreis. -
Sec. 14. No paper shall be discounted, nor any loan
granted, for a longer period than 180 days-; and-no
written obligation, bill of exchange, debt; nor proof of
debt, of what nature 'soever, shall be renewect by any
agreement with the Bank, after the. term has expired for
'wich it was negotiated.
Sec. 15. The Bank shall make no payments in the
. notes of any other bank, nor- in any -ether -thing -than
lee ful coins, bars, treasury notes, paper money, or its
own notes.
Sec. 16. The notes' which are to be put ineirculation
as money shall be prepared at the ceutral banks, duly.
signed as above-described, and payable at the Bank in
the metropolis, or at any of -its branches of discounts and .
deposits, as specified in the note. The Bank is not,
however, prohibited 'from -passing orders payable-at other
banks or commercial houses, of fifty milreis or upwards.
Sec. 17. The notes and bills of the -said corporation,•
although made payable at a certain place, may, never-
theless, be reveived at any branch for disedunte and de-
posits, whenever they may be tendered in liquidation or
payment of the balance. of any debt. " s -
Sec. 18. The Bank shall not lend any money to any of
its officers or agents, nor discount any bill or notes of
whieh any one or more of them may be the passers,
drawers, endorsers, acceptors, or a party to, on any ac-
count whatever ; this provision does net, however, in--
elude the -directors; 'unless they may be serving as -a
salaried officer Or-agent: - . ,
Art. 20. The Bank -Corporation shall not be •owing
more than double the amount of the paper moneys,
Treasury notes, deposits of gold and silver, coins of the .
precious metals, bonds of the public debt, orlanded pro-
perty mortgaged for hall jtm.reAl; -taw 4.2&tf fge.iyi.
notes in circulation' shall exceed five times the amount
of the precious metals contained in its coffers, on pain of.
becoming responsible individually, as well as- the direc-
Oirs.of the Bank collectively, who, being present when
such excess of liabilities ,over assets was ascertained,
should not immediately acquaint the - Government there-
with, and also the proprietors duly summoned to .attend
general meeting. . .
21. The Bank -dividends shall be paid half-yearly, de-
ducting therefrom, besides the three per cent. appro-
priated by Clause 3 of Article 15 to the cancelling -and
exchange of the paper money in. circulation, two per
cent. more for a reserve fund (rest), which shall likewise
be employed in loans and discounts for the benefit of the
proprietors.
. 22. The Bank shall deposit in its vaults, or transfer
from one place to another, the Government securities,
delivering them over to the public creditors on the pre-
sentation of " cheques" from the treasurer of the public
or provincial treasuries,- by order of the Government,
without chargihg any commission or difference of ex-
change ou such transactions. .
23., Should the Bank neglect or fail in making any
payment in due time, the-party to whom• it is due shall
receive. twelve-per cent. premium for the delay ; except
in case of any extraordinary- oceurrenee- which may
threaten the • existence' of the Bank.; in-whieh .case, a
previous representation` to, and• a' resolution .of, his Ims
penal Majesty in Council, for a limited time, will be
requisite. ' • • ,
24. The'Bank Shall continue- in operation for-thirty
years, and two years More for the liquidation .and settle-
ment Of its affairs; during the whole erwhieh period -it
shall possess all the rights above .enumerated, and enjoy
the following'privfleges; namely . . •
See. 1. The Bank Shares' shall have the same privi-
leges which the bonds of the 'National Debt now-have or
may hereafter lee'ailted theint'' ,
Sec. 2. Tlje peper imported'; -as-also -the-machinery for
stamping it, requited by the-Bankeshall be free of duty.
See. 3. Tho'Se in th'eempley'of. the' Bank; 'throughout
the empire,''gliall. be'exempt- ftom 'all-military service,
whether of the National Guards, or of the army or navy.,
Sec. 4. The dOverninent shall cause to be 'essayed,
'smelted, andiefined, all the gold and silver sent by the
Bank' for those purposes, free of expense.. - •
Sec. 5. The Government shall provide et all times and
places within the empire; the necessary- protection for
the -funds 'of the Bank 'Corporation, and convey them
gratuitously, by vessels of war or steam-boats belonging
to companies having Government contracts.
Sec. 6. The Government ihall give the Bank.prefees
ence, on equal terms, to any other party,: as teethe dis•
count of its bills; CuStdm-house notes,-or in making re-
rnittances to foreign countries, and in other operations
which it may Le lawful for them to undertake. '
see, 1, The• Government shall cause to beltept fmthe
offices ,of the Company; acid of its brancheSiiii the pro-
vinceees hook, in which shallbe registered the
ordered to be made by the law of the 21st of Oct. 18,43._
15. :All the conditions contemplated, by this law may
undergo stieh' modifications as •the- Company. may .pro-,
=pose; and' el4-C4dvernment consider . proper to be
'adopted, so as that the cancelling the present and sub-
stitution of other, paper, convertible in gold:or'silver, at
the option of tbe-holder, shall be eccomplished iii twenty
yeitr; those, boerever,, whech may be attended with any
additional expense' to be subject to the.appeevel:ef, the
legislatiVe body. :
26. As it will not be possibletreorganise Pneenala-oPlt
or public cern pliny,Whieh shallrsulelyiundertake: the Van-,
celling the paper throughout she wholn•empireethe-Go-
vernment iiiiiy'ende'aeeour to effect-similar establishments
in some of-the 'ProVincei; or union of provinceis, consign-
ing them in proportion to the amount terhe•cancelled by
them, not only the finids appropriated to the purchase of
shares, but likewise of those destined for the 'annual con-
tributions..
27. , Those who may forge the notes,of,ehe, Bank; the
current coins of the empire, or other securities issued by
the Government or Bank, of what•description or nature
soever, 'shall be condemned to the galleys. (hulks) for.
life, at thelstund :Of. Fernando ; or ins the naval or, mili-
tary arsentilSOf ;the' provinces in whiehehermay have
been tried ; independent of the fines prescribed in the-
criminal code.:
28. Those. coticerned in producing or circulating
counterfeit money or forged paper, shall be cendernned
to the galleys ('hulks) for ten or twenty years, besides
the above fines.'
29. Those whoinay let or allow their premises to be
occupied by'reigers, or makers- of counterfeit money,
or paper, for the 'purpose of forging thessarne,• as also
those who shill' harbour' or afford airy assiStanee what-
ever to the forgers or circulators of false coins. or paper,
or shall in any wise facilitate the accomplishment of
the crime, or shall conceal it, or aid the. escape of the
guilty parties; after they have been discovered and pro-
secuted, shall he'punished as accomplices. . •..
3(0, 'Dit. chief of the pullet, 11-,0, the. Judges de Direito
in tali thij! pUriFli*ol' the pAwiree ill which the f1e.160
coin or paper' shall be 'fo‘iiidr- art; the mae'istratea• who
shall take cognisance of the above-mentioned crimes, and
before whom they shall be brought to trial:- •
31. Two or :more proceeses, or prosecutions, may- ho
formed i different parishes of the same ,province, for

r• 1 r at 11;4. • , , •
ihga4tne , ence ; ttie
r,J m tge§ .cte :424rettp, wno.may
-have commenced the said - processes, .after tthe same
hall have, been concluded, whether sentence may be
passed or not, in case the delin.quenis may not have
hem apprehended, shall. transmit them to the chief of
the police of the same province, Who shall unite,them
.alt into. one, and adding thereto what., further investiga-
tions or discoveries mtsy have been made, and thereupon
decide in what manner, according to law, the prosecu-
tion aball be conducted. ,
32. In the processes which the said. judges mayform,
they may examine, without liMitation as. to the number,
all the witnesses that they may ha,Va any knowledge
,or.that the public accuser may indicate, or au other
person or perms, and may delay the ,proceedings for
thirty days. .
33. In case the dovernment should consider it neces-
sary, tliey may appoint a " Desemhurgador ". (a judge
of the highest class) or any other magistrate for the pro.
secution .of this crime, in any province, appointing spe-
cially to :assist him a notary public, with authority to
proceed the case, as well in the capita of the pro-
vince as in any pariah or district thereof, as shall appear
to them. most convenient. ~

vv
34. (lam the proceedings being brought to a close, they
shall be immediately submitted to the jury of the capital,
if then. assembled, who shall proceed with it, giving it a
pref.) rence, and if not sitting, they shall be summoned
to a a extraodinary and special meeting for this parti-
cular case.
:35. All laws and resolutions to the contrary are hereby
revoked.
(Signed) MANOEL ALVES BRANCA.
Rio de Janeiro, 10th July, 1845.

MR. MACAULAY.
(From the Scotsman.)
The following short note from Mr.' Macaulay, will be
read with interest. •It wns written in reply to one from
the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, transmitting
the memorial from that body to the'queen, in favour of
opening the ports :

" London, Dec. 22, 1845.

"You will have heard the termination of our attempt
to form a Government. All our plans were frustrated
by Lord Grey. I hope- that the public interests will
not suffer. Sir Robert Peel must now' undertake the
settlement of the question. It is certain that he can
settle it. It is by no means'certain that we could have
done so. For we shall to a 'man support him ; and a
large iiroportion of tho e who are not in office would
have, refused to support us. On my own share in
t!Jese transactions I reflect with -unmixed satisfaction.
From the first, I told Lord John that I stipulated
for one thing only—total and immediate repeal of the
corn-laws ; that my objections to gradual abolition were
insurmountable • and that if he declared for total and
immediate repeal, I would be, as to all other matters,
absolutely in his hands ; that I would take any office or
no office, just as suited him best ; and that he never
should be disturbed by any personal pretensions or jea-
lousies on my part. If everybody else had acted thus,
there would now have been a Liberal Ministry. How-
ever, as I said, perhaps it is best as it is.
" I do not think that, if we had formed a Government,
we should have entertained the question of paying the
Roman Catholic priests of Ireland. I cannot answer for
others ; but I should have thought it positive insanity to
stir the matter.
" I will send your petition to the Secretary of State for
the Home Department, as soon as it is clear that the
Goverment is settled. " Ever yours truly,
"T. B. MA AULAY.
J. F. Macfarlan, Esq., Edinburgh:"

SUICIDE of COLONEL GURWOOD.
An inquest was held before F. IL Gell, Esq., Coroner
for East Sussex, on Monday morning, at 120, King's-road,
Brighton, to inquire into the circumstances attending
the death of Colonel John Gurwood, who had termi-
nated his existence on, the previous Saturday, by cutting
his throat with a razor. The following witnesses were
examined at the inquest
Sarah, the wife of George Collins, of 120, King's-road,
lodging-house keeper, deposed that last Tuesday morn-
ing-Colonel and Mrs. Gurwoodand their three daughters
came there. to reside,. They brought no servants, and
witness waited.upon them. Ou Saturday she waited on
them at lunch at one o'clock ; soon after this she went up
to bring down the luncheon, when she saw Mrs. Gurwood
-dressed, es if she were going out for. a walk. At
a quarter past two o'clock a boy brought the news-
paper, which witness took into the drawing-room. She
stirred the fire and was going down .stairs, when
she glanced into the dressing-room, where the
Colonel and Mrs. Gurwood had slept the night
before, in consequence of, the' violence of the wind,
Mid thought she saw the Colonel's-legs lying on the
floor. She did not take much notice, however, as she
' understood the Colenel to be 111. .She then resumed her
'work down stairs, and afterwards mentioned what she
had seen to her husband. It then occurred to her that
she Might have been mistaken, .as,on, second thoughts
'she considered it very strange that a. gentleman should
be stretched along the floor. She accordingly went up
and coughed at the drawing-room door. No notice
being taken, she wenain and stirred the fire. She then
coughed again, and finding. that. the Colonel did not
speak, she pulled the door of the dressing-room open,
and then saw him. on the floor in a pool of blood, arising,
as she supposed, from his having broken a blood-vessel.
"She had previously arranged with her husband that if
every thing was not right she would ring, and she now
rang the bell accordingly, and her husband came up.
They deliberated a few seconds as .to what was best to
be done, the result of which was . that her husband ran
out for Mr. E. J. Furner, a surgeon, residing in the
King's-road, who came in about fiee.roinutes afterwards.
Mr. E. J. Furner, surgeon, deposed that he was called
on about three o'clock on Saturday afternoon by the
husband of the last witness, who said that a gentleman
was at 'his house very ill, he believed dying. Witness
was in- forined went immediee:g..,a thz;eoned vas
Colonel Gurwood. The Colonel vv.a.a lying on the floor
in a pool of blood. On lifting hiin up witness found a
razor grasped in his right hand, and a wound on the left
side of the throat, four. inches long, and from an inch to
an inch and a half deep. .In his opinion, this wound
caused death, and he hadno doubt that the death was
instantaneous.
Sir Henry Webster, a lieutenant-colonel in the army,
residing at 44, Brunswick-square, Brighton, deposed
that he had known Colonel. Gurwood for thirty years.
About a month since the witness heard that he was un-
well. He accordingly visited him and found him out of
sorts, and recommended him to come to Brighton for a
change. Witness heard from:Colonel Gurwood's medi-
cal attendant that he was in a weak, low way; and, with
the sanction of that gentleman, suggested that the
Colonel should come down to Brighton, and stay with
him as long as he pleased. He.came dawn accordingly,
and remained.with witness a few -days. Witness and,
his family endeavoured to divert the Colonel's mind as
much as possible by lively conversation, and getting him
to walk as much as they could. After a few days Mrs.
Gurwood and his three daughters canaedawn, and they
took a lodging in the King's-road.
CORONER—Did you form an. opinion as to the state of
his mind? Witness—From his conversation upon poli-
tics, as well as on general subjects, I found, that he was
in a very weak and despondng way.
Can you assign any cause forit ?—I have no doubt
that it was all caused by the relaxation of the nerves,
in consequence of his great Work, " The Dispatches of
the Duke of Wellington," having been concluded. As
long ago as a month I had seen a change in him.
Dr. George Hall, of the Old Steyne, Brighton, said he,
was called in sonic time since...to attend Colonel Gur-
wood, and prescribed for him, after which he rallied and
got a little better. But lately be had fallen into a very
desponding mood indeed, and witness treated him ac-
cordingly, and had great hopes that he would get better.
His despondency, however, returned, and he believed
that such despondency was sufffcient to cause tempo-
rary insanity in auy one.
This being all the evidence, the CoaoNER summed up,
and the jury returned a verdict, "That the deceased
destroyed himself while in a state of temporary insanity."
Colonel' Gurwood was an old Peninsular and Waterloo.
veteran. At Waterloo, he was upon the staff of the Duke
of Wellington, and filled the importent post of private
secretary to his Grace, a position which gave him pe-
culiar facilities; for editing the celebrated " Wellington
Dispatches," with which his name will be handed doWn.
to posterity.' The Duke of -Wellington rewarded the
Gallant Officer's fidelity by' appointing him Deputy-
Lieetenant of the Tower, an office which he has held,
with much credit to himself, for some years past, and
which becomes vacant by his death. He entered the
army as ensign on the 30th bf March, 1808 ; became:
Lieutenant in August, 1809 ; Captain in February, 1812;
Major in March, 1817 ; Lieut.-Colonel in March, 1827 ;
attaining his rank as full Colonel in November, 1841. In
1830, he was placed on the Unattached List.
Halt's Army Li.srathus, describes the military services
of the unfortunate deceased Colonel Gurwood
served in the Peninsula with the 52d Foot from August,
1808, to January, 1812 ; -and subsequently, to the end
of that war, in 18/4, as Major of Brigade to the House-
hold Cavalry, and to Major-General. Lambert's Brigade
in the .6th 'division of Infantry ; he was present at the
siege-and storm of Ciudad -Rodrigo, where he led . the
'forlorn hope of the light diyision ; he was also at the.
storming of Fort Renaud ; and at the battles of Vittoria,
Salamanca, Nivelle, Nive, Orthes,:and Toulouse. The
galla,ht officer also served through the campaign of 1815,;
and was severely wounded at the battle of Waterloo;
severely wounded also at Sabugal, and slightly at Ciada,d
Rodrigo."

MR. DISRAELI'S Two ROMANCES, " CONTARINI
FLEMING" hlld " ALROY," were formerly published, the first
in four and the second in three 'Volumes. They are now re,
printed together in three volumes. The republication of these
•
works will, doubtless, be highly acceptable to the numerous
admirers of " Coningsby" and "Sybil:" Of " Contarini
Fleming," the celebrated Heine justly observes that " Modern
English letters have given us no offspring equal to it. Cast
in the Teutonic mould, it is, nevertheless, one of the most
original works ever written.. Profound, poignant, and
pathetic its subject the most interesting, if not the noblest
• imaginable—the development of g Oa." " 'Alroy' (says
the Foreign Quarterly RevieF) is truly the very beauicleas of
orientalism. Massive grandeur, luxuriant magnificence,
fancy absolutely prodigal of its wealth, are the most charac-
teristic features of this singular emanation of creative genius ;
but to these eastern qualities it adds a deep and intimate
knowledge of the human heart, which has been derived from
the purest philosophy of the west."
FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENT. —A fatal accident*
occurred yesterday to a labourer in the employ of the South
Eastern Railway Company, on the line near the Ashford sta-
tion, in the following manner :—Two labourers were working
a lorry up the line, when a coke train from Folkestone mine-
up wi!b. them. The driver of the engine blew the:Whistle,
shouted, and did every hiz por,e, to give them timely
w•liiiiUg of biz approach ; but it appcarz the ins n did not heiir
him in time, or did not consider the danger so imminent, for
they did not make preparations to 'clear the line till the train
was too much advanced, arid before they could get the line
entirely clear the buffer of the engine struck one of them, and
be died iA a Tory fAcril time.

•''""J'nli

oFrtcfAt clotßxspoNDgNcE
ON -THE-
.OUECiON
The' following are the two concluding letters 'of Mr.
Pakenham and Mr. Buchanan, -and contain all the im-
portant points of the questions at issue
• THE NEGOTIATION.
. Washington, 'July 29, 1845.
Notwithstanding the prolix discussion which the sub-
ject has already undergone, the undersigned, het Bri-
tannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary, feels obliged to place on record a few
observations in reply to the statement marked J. 8.,
Which he had the honour to receive, on the 16th of this
month, froth the hands of the Secretary of State of the
United States, terminating with a proposition on the part
of the United States for the settlement of the Oregon
question. .
In this paper it is 'stated that " the title of the United
States to that portion of the Oregon territory between
the valley of the Columbia and the Russian line; in 54
deg. 40 north latitude, is recorded in the Florida treaty.
Under this treaty, dated on the 22d February, 1919,
Spain ceded to the United States all her right's, claims,
and pretensions to any territories west of the Rocky
Mountains, and north of the 42d parallel of latitude."
" We contend," says the Secretary of State, " that at
the date of this convention, Spain had a good title, as
against Great Britain, to the whole Oregon territory;
and, if this be established, the question is then 'decided
in favour of the United States," the convention between
Great Britain and Spain, signed at the Escurial, on the
28th of October, 1790, notwithstanding.
" If," says the American Plenipotentiary, " it should
appear that this treaty was transient in its vary nature;
that it conferred upon Great Britain no right but that of
merely trading with the Indians whilst the country
should remain unsettled, and making the necessary esta-
blishments, for this 'Purpose; that it did not Interfere
with the ultimate sovereignty of Spain over' the terri-
tory; and, above all, that it was annulled by the war
between Spain and Great Britain in 1796, and has never
since been renewed by the parties, then the British claim
to any portion of the territory willeproye to be destitute
of foundation."
The undersigned will endeavour to show, not on/ v that
when Spain concluded with the United States the treaty
of 1819, commonly called the Florida treaty, the con-
vention concluded between the former power and Great
Britain in 1790 was considered by the parties to it to
be still in force ; but even that, if no- such treaty htud
ever existed, Great Britain would stand, with reference
to a claim to the Oregon territory, in a position at least
as favourable as the United Steaes.'
The treaty of 1790 is not appqaled to by the British
Government, as the American Plenipotentiary seems to
suppose, as their " main reliancel' in the present discus-
sion ; it is appealed to to show that, by the treaty of 1819,
by which "Spain ceded to • the' United States all her
rights, claims, and pretensions to any territories west of
the Rocky Mountains, and north of the 42d parallel of
latitude," the United States acquired no right to exclu-
sive dominion over any part of the Oregon territory.
The treaty of 1790 embraced, in fact, a variety of ob-
jects. It partook in some of its stipulations of the na-
ture of a commercial convention ; in other respects, it
might be considered as an acknowledgment of existing
rightse.—.an admission of certain principles of interna-
tional law, net to be revoked at the pleasure of either
party, or to be set aside by a cessation of friendly rela-
tions between them.
viewed in the former light, its stipulations might have
been considered as cancelled in consequence of the war
which subsequently took place between the contracting
parties, were it not that by the treaty concluded at
Madrid on the 28th August, 1814, it was declared that
all the treaties of commerce which subsisted between the
two nations (Great Britain and Spain) in 1790 were
thereby ratified and confirmed.
In the latter point of view, the restoration of a state of
peace was of itself sufficient to restore the admissions
contained-in the convention of 1798 to their full original
force -and vigour.
There are, besides, very positive reasons for concluding
that Spain 'did not consider the stipulations of the-Nootka
convention to have been revoked by the war of 1796, so as
to require, in order to be binding on her, that they should
have been expressly revived or renewed on the restoration
of peace between the twocountries. Had Spain considered
that convention to have been annulled by the war; in other
words, had she- considered herself restored -to her former
position and pretensions with respect td the exclusive
dominion over the unoccupied parts of the North Ame-
rican continent, it is not to be imagined that.she would
have passively submitted to see the contending claims of
Great Britain and the United States to a portion of that
territory the subject of negotiation and formal diplomatic
transactions between the two countries. - •
It is, on. the contrary, from her silence with respect to
the continued occupation, by the British, of their settle-
ments in "the Columbia territory subsequently to the con-
vention of 1814, and when as yet there had, been no
transfer of her rights, claims, or pretensions to the
United States ; and from her silence also. while im-
portant negotiations respecting the Columbia territory,
incompatible altogether with her ancient claim to exclu-
sive dominion, were in progress between Great Britain
and the United States, fairly to be inferred that Spain
considered the stipulations of the Nootka convention, and
the principles therein laid down; to be still in force.
Bat the American Plenipotentiary goes so far as to
say that the British Government itself had no idea, in
1818, that the Nootka Sound convention was then in
force, because no reference was made to it on the part of
England during the negotiation of that year on the
Oregon question.
. In reply to this argument, it will be sufficient.for the
undersigned to remind the American. Plenipotentiary
that in the year 1818 no claim, as derived from Spain,
was or could be put forth by the Uni
wed States, seeing
that it was not until the following year (the.year 1819)
that the- treaty was concluded by, altich Spain trans•
ferred -to the United States her rigl", claims, and pre-
tension§ to any_ territeedes.yvest,sif 14,
,ei?
‘ll coy 4:za. F raueL o, a = e. -
-hence, it is obvious that in the year 1818 no occasion
had arisen for appealing to the qualified nature of,the
rightseClaims, and pretensions so transferred -a qualifi-
cation imposed,- or at least recognised, by the .convention
crfNootka.
The -title of the United Statei to the. valley of the
Columbia, the American Plenipotentiary observes is
older than the Florida treaty of February, 1819, and
exists independently of its .iprovisions. • Even supe
posingsthen, that the British construction of the Nootka
Sound convention was correct, it could not apply to this
portion-of the territory in dispute.
- •The- undersigned must be permitted respectfully to in-
quire, upon what principle, unless it be upon the prime
ciple which forms .the foundation of the Nootka con-
-vention, could the United States have acquired a title to
-any-part of the Oregon territory previously to the treaty
of 1819, and independently
of its provisions? By dis-
covery, exploration, settlement, will be the answer.
But, says the American Plenipotentiary, in another
part of his statement, the rights of Spain to the west
aa
innyt
n European o pi:y e nspnation.n
n w t b
the most
beenned by m
coast of America, as far north as the 61st degree of
latitude; were so complete as never to have been seri-
ously'hf atdio
-vigilant jealousy, ever since the discovery of the
-American continent, and had been acqiiieseedin by all
European powers. They had been admitted, cam, by
Russia.; and that,- too, under a sovereign, ,peculiarly
tenacicias of the territorial rights of her empire, .who,
when. cOmplaints had been made to the Court, of Russia
against Russian subjects for violating the„Spani.sh terri-
tory on the north-west coast of America, did not hesi-
tate to assure the King of Spain that she was extremely
sorry that the repeated orders issued to prevent the
subjects-of Russia from violating in the smallest degree
the territory belonging to another power, should have
been disobeyed: .
In What did this alleged violation of territory consist?
Assuredly, in some attempted acts of discovery, explorar
tion, or settlement.
• At that time Russia stood in precisely the same posi-
tion with reference to the,exclusive rights of Spain. as
the United States, and any acts in contravention of those
rights, whether emanating from. Russia -or from, the
United States, would necessarily be judged by one and
the same rule.
How, then, can it be pretended-that acts which, in the
case of Russia, were considered as criminal violations of
the Spanish territory, should, in the, case of citizens of
the United States, be appealed to as constituting a valid
title" to the territory affected bY'
them ?: and, yet from-
this inconsistency the American Plenipotentiary cannot
escape, if he persists in. considering -the American title
to 'have been perfected, by discovery, exploration, and,
'settlement, when as yet Spain had made no transfer of
her rights, if,
--, to use his own . words, " that title is
older than the Florida treaty, and exists independently
of its provisions."
According to the doctrine of exclusive !dominion, the
eigeloration of Lewis and Clarke, and. the establishment
founded at, the. mouth of the• Columbia- must be -.con.
denined as encroachments on the territorial rights of
Spain. • •
Ancording to the opposite principle, by which disco-
very, exploration, and settlement are considered as giving
a valid claim to territory, those very acts are referred to
in the course of the same paper, as constituting a com-
plete title in favour of the United States..,
Besides, how shall we reconcile the high estimation of
the territorial rights of Spain,oonsidered independently of
the Nootka Sound convention, with tha_course observed
'by the United States in their diplomatic transactions
with Great Britain, previously to the conclusion of the
Florida treaty ? The claim advanced for, the restitution
of Fort Georgeunder the first article- of the treaty of
'Ghent ; the arrangement concluded for the joint occu-
.pation. of the Oregon territory by Great Britain and the
United States; and, above all, the propesalactually made
on the part of the United States for a partition of the
Oregon territory ; all which transactions took place in
the year 1818, when, as yet; Spain had made no transfer
or cession of her rights—appear to be as little reconcil-
able with any regard for those rights while still vested
--in -Spain, as the claim • founded on discovery, explora-
tion, and settlement accomplished previously to the trans-
fer of thoserights to the United States.
Supposing the arrangement proposed in the year 1818,
or any other arrangement for the partition of the Oregon
territory, to have been concluded in those days, between
Great Britain and this country, what would, in that case,
have become of the exclusive rights of-Spain ?
There would have been no refuge for. the United States
but in an appeal to the principles of the Nootka conven-
tion.
To deny this, then, the validity of theeNootka convene
tion, is to proclaim the illegality of any title founded on
discovery, exploration, or settlement, previous to the
conclusion of the Florida treaty.
To appeal to the Florida treaty as conveying to the
United States any exclusive rights, is to attach a cha-
racter of 'encroachment and of violation of the rights of
Speia to every act to which the Unitefl States appealed
in the negotiation -of 1818, as giving them a. claim to
territory on the north-west coast.
These conclusions appear to the undersigned to be
irresistible,