The Sun.
London, England, 1844-07-24 00:00:00

HOUSE OF COMMONS, July 23.

(Continued from our Afternoon Edition of yesterday.)
The House resumed at Five o'clock.
LUNACY.

Lord ASHLEY rose to move an Address to the
Crown, praying her Majesty to take into her considera-
tion the Report of the Metropolitan Commissioners of
Lunacy to the Lord, Chancellor, and presented to the
House by command of her Majesty. In rising to bring
forward this motion, he said that the report bad been so
voluminous, and its details were so extensive, that it
had been found imposssible to bring it under the consi-
deration of the House at an earlier period of the session.

—T-he-mot—upon - the commission of lunacy was
founded would expire next year ; and it was, therefore,
necessary that it should be renewed during-
the present session of Parliament. Lunatic asylums
might be considered un'der three distinct heads--J
The first (Blass of asylums were what was called single
houses ; of the patients in these single houses they had
no return made. They were precluded by the statute
from any interference with establishments of that de
scription. He thought this a. most unfortunate restric-
tion. It was giving 'secret power and irresponsibility
to the relatives of lunatics, and exposing them to
temptations almost greater than human nature
ought to be subjected to. There were many
patients in these single houses for whom were paid not
less than 5001: per annum. This was a temptation to
keep such a patient in perpetual confinement, because
vvith.the returning health of the sufferer the allowance
would be discontinued. So strong was his opinion of
the bad effect of this, that 'if Providence should' afflict
any near relative of his with insanity, he would consign
hint to an asylum in which there were other patients,
and which were subjected to official -visitation. The
only control they had over the single houses was this—
that if a patient resided in one more than a-
twelvemonth the owner of the house was compelled to
communicate the name of that patient to the clerk of the
commission. Bat for the most part no notice whatevet
was taken Of this law, and it was frequently evaded by re-
moving the patient, after a residence of eleven months, to
sowe other lodging. . He knew the delicacy of the subject,
but it was one with which the Legislature ought to inter-
.fere. The second class of houses were the county asylums.
It appeared, from
.the returns, that the number of
lunatics chargeable .to parishes in England and Walei,
amounted to 16,821, while the existing asylums only
provided accommodation to 4,125. There were 9,339
lunatics distributed over the country in workhouses and
other places. The condition of these asylums was very
unequal. Some possessed every advantage of science
and medical treatment, others were wholly deficient in
these points. All of them, however, had the advantage.
of not giving any profit to the superintendents. The
report stated that a large proportion of these,
asylums'. were well conducted, but some were
quincunfit for their purpose. In _England and Wales
there were' twenty-one counties• without any asylums
whatever; public or private. The cost of the patients in
these asylums varied considerably. In the Wakefield
Asylum, which was, established and conducted on the
most, economical principles, the cost per head per annum
was 1111. 'ln Gloucester Asylum the 'cost was 359/:
In Bedford, the cost per head was 1301. The asylum iry
Kent cost 64,0001., and that, of was,
cost 160,0001.-
Now, looking to the union-houses, it appeared that the
best union-houses bad been' constructed for 40,0001,
while lunatic asylums were much more expensive. But
those asylums were, much, too large. The Kent asylum
was built to accommodate 300 persons ; others had been
constrneted
,to accommodate a larger number of persons
It was impossible that such a'number could be accom-
modated with advantage in those asylums. Dr. Conolly
ate d that not more than 100 persons could be managed

with convenience in those asylums. It would appear
that two moderate-sized asylums would be better than
one large one, and could be managed with greater ease.
The third class was that of private asylums, which re-
ceived persons who paid their own expenses. In those
asylums a great number of persons were received who
paid only 7s. and Bs. a week. It appeared that the
licensed houses were dirty and damp, and that the bedding
was disgusting from the running of sores. The Noble
Lord instanced several houses which were in this state.
In the House of Industry in Kingsland, near Troubridge,
the same state of things existed. In the union of Red-
ruth, in Cornwall, there were forty-one insane persons,
and in the union at Birmingham there were no less
than seventy-one lunatics, and yet the same system
was continued. To correct these evils there was
no remedy but the multiplication of county asylums.
They should also enact that all patients should be sent
into the asylum within a given time. Unless they did
that, other provisions would be useless, as all the reports
showed that the benefits arose from attending to the
disease medically before it became confirmed. It was
the general opinion of all the medical men that pauper
lunatics were sent into the asylums at so late a period of
the disease as to prevent, or, at all events, greatly to im-
pede, a cure. The registers of the Retreat at York, and of
several other asylums, proved this fact. From the re-
gister of one of the asylums in Dorchester, it-appeared
that of six patients that had been admitted; at an
early period of the disease, in 1837, five had
been cured and dismissed within four months ;
and the sixth, although an old woman of 75, was con-
valescent. At St. Luke's they did not admit patients
who had been afflicted more than twelve months, and in
1842 the cures averaged '7O per cent., and
in 1843 they were as six to one. He had
written to the younger Dr. Sutherland on the
subject, and the reply was, that the cures were
all permanent ; for if a patient relapsed within three
months after his dismissal, he was re-admitted, not
as a new patient, but as a relapsed one. He
verily believed if they went to the expense of estab-
lishing asylums throughout the country for pauper
lunatics, although the outlay at the beginning
might be considerable, that the number of cures
that would be effected in ten years would more
those compensate for the expenditure. The report of
the Commissioners contemplated the erection of a suffi-
cient number of lunatic asylums throughout the
country, and ' they proposed that until those
asylums' should be erected certain portions of
workhouses should be licensed for the admission
of pauper lunatics.' He would now call the attention of
the House to the state of Wales with respect to pauper
lunatics. In 1843 the number of Welsh pauper lunatics
was 1,176. Of these 36 were in English county asylums, 41
in licensed houses in England,9o in union workhouses, find
1,010 living with their friends. Many of these were in a
wretched condition. The Noble Lord here read severalqc-
tracts from various documents to show the wretched state
in which many of the pauperlunatics in Wales were placed.
It might be said that there, were good asylums at Bristol
and' Other places, to which the lunatics might be re-
moved. But in these asylums a cure was almost impossi-
ble, in consequence Of the ignorance among most of
the patients of the English' language: But wherever
the asylums' might be, the whole course of their expe-
perience established the necessity of instituting and
Maintaining a frequent visitation. By this they_
were able 'to bring on them the influence of public
opinion, and by notoriety exposing parties to praise or
censure. Within the metropolitan districts this vigil-
ance had generally been exercised ; but he could
not say the same Of the provincial districts, unless
an exception could be made in some few of the
borough asylums. In general this duty had been shame-
fully neglected. It would be needless for him to detain
the House by enumerating facts that spoke for them-
selves ; for• if the parties to whom the duty
of visitation had been entrusted had discharged
their office with but common vigilance, the Commis-
sioners would never have been able to have collected such
materials for the report that had been laid on the table:
He illustrated the good effects of frequent invisitation by
adduCiug the asylum of Dr. Warburton, at Bethnal-green.
which was one of the main sUbjects of the inquiry of the
Committee of 1826. There was an original sin in all
private asylums, because they must all be made
to yield a -profit - to the keeper. But Dr. War-
burton had done everything in his power to effect
improvements in the management. In 1828 no less than
200 of the patients were frequently restrained by chains
and leg--locks; but now out. of 582 patients, only five were
under restraint, and that of the most moderate and ne-
cessary description. That was an instance of what
might be done by supervision and inspection. That
House possessed the means of remedy in its own hands.
Many persons might be restored to health who were now
suffering, and many might have their sufferings elle";
viated ; for they must not run away with the notion that
persons afflicted with lunacy were insensible to suffering.
On the contrary, they were painfully sensitive; and their
condition, on that account, appealed the more loudly,
not only to their highest feelings of justice, but to their
humanity and sensibility.—(Hear, hear.) It was a sub-
iectof the very highest importance, and he, therefore,
hoped the House would not consider he had wasted its
valuable time, when they called to mind that the motion
was made on behalf of the most helpless, if not the most
afflicted portion of the human race. The Noble Lord con-
cluded amidst loud cheers, by moving an address to the
Crown, praying her Majesty to take into her considera-
tion the report of the Metropolitan -Commissioners in
Lunacy to the Lord Chancellor, and presented to this
House by command of her Majesty.
Sir JAMES GRAHAM said he was sure he was ex-
pressing the opinion, not only of the House, but of the
country, When he said that his Noble Friend not only,
stood excused, but was deserving of fthe highest praise
for the pains which he took with regard to this subject.
The facts stated by his Noble Friend had shown the
utility of the power of inspection,' which was given by
Act of Parliament a few years ago.. His Noble Friend
had shown' the .'result. Of 'this in the improved manage-
ment of asylums, when- he 'stated that only fivepersons
out of .520 in one asylum were• subject to restraint,—
(Hear, hear.) There was' no 'difference of opinion on
the leading points to which his Noble. Friend had ad-
verted. It could not be denied that persons who,
for the first time, exhibited symptoms of lunacy ought
to' be subjeCted to the' curative process, nor could it be'
denied that it was inexpedient that incurables should
be mixed with those -undergoing the curative' process.
With regard to the lunatic poor' in workhouses, the
time .was. not far distant when the Legislature must in-
terfere with regard to them. It was evident that.
the cost of .pauper lunatics under cure must be
much greater than the cost of the maintenance. of-
paupers in the, workhense. With' regard to the
.class of incurables, he . did not imagine that the
charge for their maintenance could be much greater
than the charge for the maintenance of ordinary paw.
pers: He was satisfied that both subjects must come
under the consideration of 'the Government in a very
short space of time. In the course of the next session
the Government would most probably have to submit to
the House the whole question of the management of
pauper lunatics, Then, with regard to the question of
criminal lunatics, he believed that out of 140 criminal
lunatics 80 were maintained at the public expense either
in Bedlani,- or in the county' lunatic asylums ; and he
was by no means prepared to contend that it might not
be proper that all criminal lunatics should be maintained
in central establishments at the public expense." That,
however, must be a matter for- future consideration.
Those were the '.points on' which he was favourable to
the views,of -his, Noble Friend. There were, other points
on which he hesitated. The reportof the Commissioners
`Contained no leis "fhari„l,,tivehty-five 'siiggestions; they
were all of great lin.p.kfAtnce, but before they were
adopted teat Catition Ihd'ldeliberation was necessary.
Onelif thesV'isaggeStiOnS was as to the compulsory re-
moval of lunatics. It was impossible to regard the ques-
tion abstractedly, and cases might . exist in which it
would be desirable' that secrecy orithat point should not
be violated ; therefore he entertained great doubt as
to the propriety of doing tiirWith the keeping luna-
ties in private houses. Then with regard to the institu-
tion of small asylums' there could not be a doubt but that
the expense of small' asylums must be much greatier than
the expense of large ones,,and the question to be consi-
dered was, would /the advantages to' be`derived from them
be equivalent to the additional expenee r He:did not
. •
wish.tohold.out any encouragement-to the unnecessary
multiplication of small,establishmeets. His Noble Friend
inight re 4 assured' that he was' dispoeed to offer him
every, assistance to the utmost of -his power., ,He had
directed the attention' Of.'the chairmen of quarter ses-
sions to the subject, and he had also directeil the atten-
tion of the 'Poor-law Commissioners to 'the subject
of pauper lunatics. :Ike was 'prepared to take
the subject under consideration, and he was aware that
next session the Government must present some mea-
sure °nit. to-Abe House. ~,Ite7Foja his
,"Noble
Would iAot Tee Pit necessary piless his motion for an ad-
dress. - He could fissure his 'Noble Friend, :arid the
House; that the -questionesbould receive &am the execu-
tive Goveriment every rxiSideration that kindness, hu-
manity, anctenlightened Philanthropy could demied; he
could assute hig Noble Friend; that he' was .not at all dis-
posed tq slumber bn tlie'','elltbject; arid. he hoped, that on
the whole; his. Noble Friend could pet feel it necessary
to press His metion,, (-
_Mr. SFIETT, hoped_ the. state of thelunatic paupers in
Ireland Worild not he forgotten-IT the Right Hon. Gen-
tlenian. "He • been authentically informed that 300
of ahem were at present cemmingled among the people,
Mt-ti Out tare- and without 'restraint—that was a. great
,public calamity, and sheuld be redresS,ed as soots as pcis-
- sible.—(Hear, hear.) He was very happy to' and that
'the Right Hon. Gentleman was about bringing in-a mea-
sure on the subject, and hoped Ireland would not be for-
gotten.. The Noble Lord deServed the thanks of that
House. and of the country ; he always exerted himself
cheerfully, and on most occasions effectually, and
his cheerful, earnest' manner was to. all good men most
gratifying. < However Hon. Members might [differ
politically, they must all admire the motives by which
the Noble, Lord was actuated,-motives which were of the
highest and purest kind.—(Hear; hear, and cheers.) It
was more than gratifying to see such a man, not de-
scending, but stooping from his high rank to.perform
virtuous and humane actions; and to confer celebrity and
success ()tithe cause in which he engaged.—(Hear.) It
must addnew nobility- to the,name of Ashley, and make ,
humanity and Shaftesbnry.eharacteristic.— (Loud cheers.)
Mr. WARLE;Y said the report of the Commissioners.
contained much valuable matter,•and• lie thought that, as.
the•a-Uvernment had now 'ainple materials for legisle,-
- tion,.there was no need of a COmMitee or further Par-,
liamentary inquiry. He was satisfied that the Right.
Hon. Gentleman felt cotivinced'bf the necessity of legis-
lation on this. subject, .and hoped the Measure introduced
by the Government would be one of perthanent utility. !
The Right Hon: Gentleman' seemed to.feel fully the forte
of those recommendations which had been so. wisely made
as to the difference of treatment between curable and in-
curable lunatics. "The gon. Gentleman then adverted to
the fact stated- by lhe Commissioners in their report that
out of 900 lunatics in Hanwell, only 30-wereieurttble,
and conferred high praise on the manner in which the
establishment at Emma' was conducted. The *at

- -
symptom of lunacy, a pain in the head, was among the
humbler classes entirely neglected ; and medical aid wag
seldom resorted to until the insanity became confirmed.
He did not hesitate to say, that if a proper and timely
course of treatment were resorted to, there would not he
more than two-thirds of the present number of confirmed
lunatics.—(Hear, hear.) He condemned several peg'
sages of the Commissioners' report, as tending to create.
an unfavourable and erroneous opinion of the mode of
treatment at Hanwell, and also that part of the report
which spoke lightly of that system, and so kindly of the
abettors by which and by whom those •unfortunate de"
mented creatures were subjected to the most cruel treat-
ment The Hon. Gentleman concluded by expressing a
hope that the Government measure would bring under
the surveillance of the inspectors those private asylums'
in which single lunatics were confined, and who, how'
ever harshly treated, could not be visited by the inePec.
tors under the present law.
Lord ELIOT, in answer to the question of Mr. Shell'
was understood to say that the provisions of the Pr°,,
posed measure would be extended to that country ; an
that a central asylum would be established for the
pauper lunatics there.
Mr. WYSE expressed his satisfaction at this informs'
tion.
Mr. VERNON SMITH wished to say a few word!!
The manner in which the Noble Lord took up this so'
ject did him the highest credit. They were all agreed as
to the necessity of early admitting paupers to asylums'
but the difficulty was that they had no power of cony
pelling the relatives of the lunatic to send him to the
asylum, and the parish officers did not wish, in that ease:
to send him to the asylum. He hoped the Government
would turn their attention to the best means of conr
pelling the relatives of a lunatic to send him to an est
lum. He agreed with the Noble Lord that they ougM
to endeavour to prevent the extension of private asylums.
He knew that relatives were unwilling to have it knuvqlf
that a relative of theirs was in a state of lunacy ; but IL
they were more anxious for a cure than for their own
private feelings, they would rather send him to a public
asylum. He also agreed with the Noble Lord that the
lunatic asylums ought to be constructed for a limited
number of patients ; but there might be an hospital for
incurable patients on a large scale. But considerations,
of expense met them at every turn of this question; an
°
the treatment of insane persons on the mild principle was
attended with greater expense than their treatment on
the severe system, and that was one of the reasons will
the mild system of treatment was not more generallf,
adopted.
_But they ought to have an exact definition 04
what was mild treatment and what was severe treatnieutv
for there was a difference amongst medical men as to
what was mild treatment, and the extent to which it
ought to be carried. Another point was as to the fit"
ness of magistrates for visiting lunatic asylums. NO
he had no hesitation in saying that physicians and law"
yers would be much better fitted for the purpose of N't"
siting than county magistrates, and this was casting 11?
reflection- on the county magistrates, for they were no
professionally educated on-the subject. This was a mat"
ter worthy of the attention of Giiverniben t when they cone
to legislate on this subject. With regard to the exteritie!
of -the powers of the Commission he thought that o'
ought to be extended to Scotland more particularly, as
he had lately seen that about 120 lunatics were le''
roving about at large in the Island of Arran. This elr
peated on the' testimony -of Dr. Hutchinson, and it was;
state of things which ought to be inquired into. With
regard to the number of the Commissioners it would be
well to consider whether the present number was Oft'
cient. He was of opinion that paid Commissioners al"
ways performed their duty better than unpaid Commis'
sioners ; but on this subject he thought that a sufficient
number of persons could be got who would perform t'``,
duties of Commissioners gratuitously.—(Laughter./
They would not do so for fame, for the persons ft'
whom they laboured had no tongues to speak for them"
selves. But his Noble Friend would not be without 111
reward; for his efforts on behalf of the persons afflict!
with lunacy would bring their 'own reward. And, or
deed, such persons sometimes displayed a sense of grati-
tude which sane persons would do well to imitate.
Mr. S. DAVIS made a few observations that vvel",
totally inaudible in the gallery.
Mr. HAWES thought that the present was a subject ',a,
t
well worthy the attention of the Government, and -
was anxious to allude to one or two cases in order that
the Right lion. Baronet might consider them before
he brought the subject forward in the next session. 11::
Hon. Member then proceeded to state several cases ';
different parts of the country where lunatics were
treated with great cruelty, kept in a state of 'filth, 0.,
in many instances flogged till the blood run down the,.
I,i
backs. He thought that such a state of things .011 q"
not any longer to be allowed to exist, and that some in
quiry ought to be instituted on the subject.
Mr. STAFFORD O'BRIEN said that as the evil ores
of such magnitude, and that a remedy was necessary, 11:
could not see why there should be a year's delay tit
the subject.' He trusted the 'Chancellor of the E. 104-
quer would enter upon the work forthwith. bt
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER theugt
that some plan ought to be laid before the Governmeji;
before they could ask for any grant out of the I:- ss
money. He took as deep an interest in the subject
any Hon. Member.
Sir DENHAM NORREYS did not see why the ob 4
ject should not be considered and decided in the pre
session.

Mr. GREENE denied that there was any idea of Stl.
perseding the jurisdiction of local magistrates with re-
spect to lunatic asylums by the Commission.
After some observations from Mr. GROGAN amp Or.
MORRIS,

Lord ASHLEY said that he felt the greatest gratificl:
tion at the:manner in which his motion had been receive",i
and after the assurance of the Right Hon. Baronet, th:e
he would consider the subject in the next session,
should withdraw his motion.

The motion was consequently withdrawn.
GUERNSEY.
'Mr. T, DUNCOMBE then rose to make the motion
which. he had given notice, for copies of all dispel
and correspondence that have passed between the
vernment and the Lieutenant-Governor of Querns ;
from the Ist day of April to the present time. 01
thought there was something due to the people ~19
Guernsey in the shape of explanation. What the POW
complained of was, that in April and May last, a gr`e-re
'force was landed on the island. Now, if ever there el 0,
a loyal set of people, he believed 'it was the inhabit°.
of Guernsey, and the adjacent islands. He bad oiler
former occasion asked the Right Hon. Baronet whewbe
that force had been sent from any apprehension on b
part of the Government, and the Right Hon. Barone" be
answer to that question, had stated that he felt it t 0...,
his duty to send out the force, in consequence of the!,;,
presentations he had received from the Lieutenant-I.lr
vernor of the island. The troops had now been eJ
drawn altogether, and he (Mr. Duncombe) was indiro
to believe that the Government had had representati°o
made to them that were totally unfounded on fact, "'
j
that, in short, they had been grossly imposed upon• o
appeared, that a clergyman, the Rev. Mr. Dobree, s
bo
some representations to the Lieutenant-Governor, wre,
communicated it to the Government. By this rePlip
sentation it appeared, that a gentleman named 1%11011 to
died at the house of the Rev. Mr. Dobree, making the
the rev, gentleman, a confession before his death, to
_e
effect that he had been poisoned by some persons 7-ur
were confederates with him in a plot to murder the 'd
vernor, in consequence of his having resolved to reecl
the conspiracy. A military force was then dispat_Ai
to Guernsey. A post inortem examination of the body
of Mr. Moulin had been in the mean time directed, ,0
the surgeons declared that there was no appee"Ao
whatever of his having died by poison.
investigation into the circumstances was orov''!i,lo
and the Royal Court sat for a consider% e
co
number of days ; Mr. Dobree was examined, and, s<
that inquiry, the troops had been withdrawn. los
minor charge of sedition had been brought against t
individuals at the instance of the Crown, but they 'ld
all three been honourably acquitted by the jury/
the evidence of Mr. Dobree proved to be totallf.„,li.
worthy of credit. It bad been the custom of the na
tia of that island to join with the regular troops
celebrating the birthday of her Majesty. Bat in repaid
quence of these circumstances the usual celebration tif
not take place, and the militia felt themselves gre,,ilo3.
aggrieved at the want of confidence expressed in t"t)3o
He thought it was due to them and the inhabitants
the
The Government should lay every information before
eto
House and the public, by producing any corresportuant•
that had taken place between it and the Lietiten,rbe
Governor with reference to the alleged conspiraeP Wed
papers he- should move for. were those which re dis' •
only to the occasion for -which the troops werewhicli
patched. It was attended with great expenses. "„ess
would have to be provided for by-the public in thebs
. year's estimates, and even on that ground he tiliftivivo
-the House was entitled to ask for these papers. order
above all, due to the loyal people of that island, in %sea
to allay ,the ill-feeling theproceeding might have e'ioduc"
'among them. He concluded by moving for ,the Pr
doe of the correspondence.
The question having been put,
Sir JAMES GRAHAM said he was bound 1",.
knowledge that the Hon. Member had, on a formed be
casion, postponed this motion at his request, enory
was sorry 'that he had thought it neee toed
to bring it forward now. ,He had tf the
on more than one occasion that of the loyalty ° their
great body`of the inhabitants of Guernsey atid°: 130 t
attachment to the Crown, there could be nr,doubt',
unhappily he did believe that a plot was 'formed
the life of the Governor, which itwas 'intended t°. stir '
into execution on the anniversar7 of her pla.leolo
birthday, wheli the militia were assembledAeorse il
House , was fully aware of the character of u
Napier, the Governor ;'
.a man of stronger nerroo oe
firmer mind Cciuldriot exist, rind. he Was not a PS 110
light grounds to entertain fears of this kind. dais
information from the'Governor hirrigelf about ten that
befrire the anniversary of her Majesty's birthdto be
there was strong reason to believe an attempt ":4°.ect all
made to 'carry the object Of the conspiracy into eus were
that. day,:and on that official information the trooPr, 5,1 r.
sent; But -that was not all.' An able legal efWidenee'
ananiel had been "engaged in examining
dhe allowed that it warranted the su the ev be
existence of- such a plot. •It was quite true
and
to
parties had. been put up an their .trial for it, r cnui:gie
ppositiontbat
that
three persons had only been tried upon the minor oh
of sedition. But he feared that further legal Pii.e still
ings must still' take place,. arid indeed they w_Fith the
pending.. While cases in immediate connection rtbougloe
administration of justice were thus pending, lie rodee
it would be in the highest degree indiscreet to rho the
this correspondence, and he hoped ther6fol:?, it shoo!:
Hon: Member would not press his motion, or, l',o paPe'.
be pressed, he should feel it his duty to refuse tn
asked for. were
Mr.,DUNCOMBE said, if judicial proceed,i'lgit press
stillpeinling in the island, he certainly shoula Or_
his motion, as it would be improper to do so. fat =kit:
Right:Hon. Baronet would permit him to say:,s„tiLie
declaration would cause great grief and dissau roarivhol
the island. There was not an individdal there on 01.1.
the Government could lay its finger in suePicl°

among the
cal aid was
confirmed.
and timely
mid not be
confirmed
cveral pas'
g to create
-re mode of
the report
ndly of the
rtunate de-
!mei treat-
cpressing a
ring under
e asylums,
who, how-
the inspee-

Mr. Shell,
of the pro-
ntry ; d
for the

is informs'

s and law-
pose of iry
casting no
were 11(4
was a mat-
they came
e extension
;ht that iti
cularly, as
were left

This or
,nd it %rasa
t would be
was 511-
isioners al'
I
a sufficient
lertorm the
Laughter.)
rersons

c for then!
vithout 111
,us afflict.°

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se of grati-
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nt, and he,
order
lem berriohr:
!ssion•
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iatics wera
r filth, afl.
down their,.
ings °ugh.
at some I°-

i
he evil vfog
pessary, ble
delay 111 r,
he Exc'e

thollgob:
overniliebne
the P° as
subject

ky the t
the preset'

dea of Sup
es with re•

&N and 141.‘

st gratiflel:
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session, lie

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Belt t
•
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that in
9 • ri
sfactre ovi
e on It till
on.