The Sun.
London, England, 1844-01-04 00:00:00

THE StTN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JANtAit

on this occasion all credit for the sincerity of the
views avowed by them—as well as for their enormous
fallacy. But it does seem very strange that practical
men,—that men, who may be presumed to have their
eyes open, if we cannot give them credit for being by
any means " wide awake"—should be so blind to the
progress of passing events, so insensible to the
march of the great questions of free trade,
and corn-law abolition, through the land—
heralded as these are by no small array of
" pomp and circumstance; " no trifling auxiliaries of
influence, talent, and station ; as not to see at least
that they are altogether too late a-field ! They have
not come "to time." Two eventful years—two
hurrying years, crowded with all sorts of combina-
tions, announcements, and developments—with newly
awakened perceptions of national interests, and the
results of an universal demand that all future legis-
lation shall be for the welfare of the great community,
not of mere class interests of the empire—two years,
we say, have come and have passed since the period at
which they might have hoped to make out a case to
arrest the decree of public opinion. I3ut that decree
has past. Corn-law protection has no better legs to
stand on than Pennsylvanian repudiation or Walbrook
withholding.

The Chichester meeting was a very poor affair'.
however, and may wend its way quietly to oblivion—
a point which it will reach promptly, without a rail-
road. The speech of Mr. NEWLAND contained a suffi-
ciently fair resume of the relative statistics of produc-
tion and taxation as to agriculture and manufactures
(which it will ever be one of the distinctions of the
last year to have so widely diffused among the people);
but Mr. NEWLAND'S argument was a melancholy
failure in applying them in support of the doctrines
he advocated.

The news from Ireland is of an interest which in-
creases, with the approximation of the State Trials,
in intensity. This is no more than was to be expected,
but there is one additional feature of painful import-
ance about it, with the presence of which we could
have willingly dispensed. We allude to the palpable
disposition on the part of the law officers of the
Crown to press the proceedings against the State
traversers with a degree of " sharp practice" which
savours too much of hostile prepossession against the
offenders ! In these matters,—in Crown prosecutions
—under any circumstances—we hold that the ancient
theory of our law which was always avowed, but ge-
nerally so little acted on, and which in the modern
practice of our Courts upon the whole, has been much
more largely acted upon and practically re-
cognised, than contended for in argument by counselt
or affirmed and ruled by judges ; is the more expedien
as well as the more humane. This sound theory is, to
leave the law, which is to govern judgment in the
cause, unstrained, and as little as possible qualified ;
but to afford the parties to be tried on charges of
having violated it, all reasonable facilities and in-
dulgence to enable them to prepare for their defence
and vindication. The law knows nothing of the indi-
vidual delinquent ; and any considerations specially
affecting his personal case, are therefore not to be
assumed as those which should govern its own admi-
nistration. But with regard to the affair of the
pending State trials in Dublin, this doctrine, for ob-
vious reasons, it is absolutely essential to act up to.
We do not feel it necessary to pronounce any opinion
on the published correspondence between the solicitor
for the Crown, and the several solicitors for the va-
rious defendants, or to decide between the merits of
Mr. PIERCE MAHONEY'S long notices to Mr. KEMMIs,
and Mr. KEMMIs's brusque reply to them. All we
have to say on the point is,—that we earnestly trust,
for the sake of all parties concerned, but most ear-
nestly of all for the purity and majesty of the law,
that no occasion will be afforded for any just com-
plaint hereafter, that the strictness of technical pro-
cess has been wrested, by the law officers of the Go-
vernment, to the purpose of hampering, hurrying, or
otherwise prejudicing the defence for the State tra-
versers.

In another part of the paper will be found intelli-
gence from Madrid, dated Dec. 27, of great import-
ance. On that day the QUEEN dissolved the Cortes,
following the advice tendered to her by her fugitive
Minister OLOZAGA, for which he was threatened with
impeachment, and barely escaped assassination.
NARVAEZ will thus have two months more of des-
potic rule, and by that time Queen CHRISTINA and
he will throw aside the Constitution as an old
almanack.

The change which has taken place in the public
mind, with regard to the principles of trade, within
the last two years, forms a remarkable phenomenon
in the history of the country. Every day we receive
reports of meetings held in large towns and small
towns—even in county market towns, frequented
only by farmers, and in cathedral towns, under al-
most the undivided influence of the Church, assem-
bled solely for the purpose of discussing the taxes on
bread, sugar, and the other principal neces-
saries of life. These meetings are not held
in the open air ; they are not got up to
catch the multitude ; they aro unattended by any
appearance of violence ; they are not the monster
assemblies that distinguished the Reform era ; or
that during the last year have caused such alarm in
England and Ireland on the Repeal question. They
are the meetings of men, it is true, bent on a purpose,
and a great purpose ; but the speeches are not mixed
up with any threats, or with any furious abuse, either
of landlords, tenants, or monopolists of any descrip-
tion. All is left to the calm voice of reason and the
power of argument ; and never was a peaceable and
rational agitation so triumphantly victorious. Some
twelve months ago every free trade meeting was in-
fested by a body of Chartists, who, in despair of ob-
taining their rights, thwarted every attempt to
obtain partial relief; counter resolutions were moved,
and not unfrequently carried, or, if they failed
in their purpose, a serious uproar was the consequence. i
Chartists now attend these assemblages like other
people, and, as a testimony of their sincere repent-
ance, subscribe their mites to the great League fund.
In another part of the paper will be found a report of
a meeting held on Tuesday evening at Oldham, one of
the most radical boroughs in the kingdom, when all
the lower classes joined heartily in the cause, and
every man gave according to his means. Pounds, and
crowns, and half-crowns, and even shillings, were
poured in from all quarters, and by eleven o'clock a
very handsome sum was placed in the hands of the
Treasurer. Manchester has raised 20,000/. Liverpool
6,000/., and almost every town has followed in the
wake. But, what is must remarkable of all, there is
an utter apathy on the part of those opposed to the
League. Even in Essex, the county above all others
likely to raise a loud noise against COBDEN and
lialcarr, the attempt to form a counter league has
been an utter failure, and but one other county, Sussex,
has yet followed the example. The clergy are silent;
the farmers almost to a man support the reform of
the corn-laws ; and even the Duke of RICHMOND, the
most rational, yet most determined anti-corn-law man
in the country, in place of getting up meetings to sup-
port his party, and snaking strong speeches against
the men given to change, confines his labours to the
praiseworthy task of writing articles on agricultural
improvement for a Farmers' Journal. This happy
result is honourable to the English character. The
English are obstinate in their purposes; they are often
headstrong, and unwilling to give up their opinions; but
when reasoned with as rational beings, when all the
facts of the case are laid before them, and they
are left to judge, their verdict is seldom wrong.
That is the course which Mr. COBDEN has pursued.
He has appealed to their reason and their judgment—
he has shown that he has no more interest in the ques-
tion than any other member of the community—and
they have almost unanimously decided in his favour.
We regard the question as settled. The strong Go-
vernment, even with all the corn-law Lords and
Commoners at its back, is too weak to strive with the
voice of the nation.

We have little to add to the intelligence from Paris
given in another part of the paper. On that day the
Chamber of Deputies assembled to appoint a Commit-
tee for drawing up an Address to the Royal Speech,
when seven Ministerialists out of the nine Commis-
sioners were chosen. Their names are MM. ST.
MARC GIRARDIN, NIZARD, DESMOUSSEAUX DE GIVRE,
13IGNON, BAUMES, HEBERT, and FRANQOIS DELES-
SERT. The Opposition Commissioners are MAI.
BETIIMONT DUCOS. M. BIGNON was supported
both by the Conservatives and the Opposition. 380
Deputies took part in the ballot. In one of the bu-

realm M. TRIERS put some questions to M. GtrizoT
relative to the visit of the Queen of ENGLAND, and
asked whether the new and friendly relations between
France and England had produced any good
fruits relative to the question of the right of
search, or the affairs of Spain. M. GUIZOT
said, with regard to the first question, negotiations
had re-commenced, and England had consented to
these negotiations, and every consideration would be
given to the wish of the French Chamber and of the
French public in these negotiations. And in refe-
rence to Spain, the mutual understanding between
England and France would give more security to that
country. In some of the bureaux propositions were
made for inserting a paragraph in the addresss con-
demning the conduct of the Legitimists who visited
the Duke of BORDEAUX. M. BERRTER and his
friends refused to make any other reply to questions
put to them on the subject, than that they would
answer before the Chamber.

BOURSE —PARIS,
ARIS, TUESDAY, JAN. 2.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French Five per Cents. 123 60... 123 95... 123 60... 123 90
Fouriper Cents 104 65... 104 65... 104 65... 104 65
Threes . B2 10... 82 25... 82 10.. ts 2 20
Bank of France 3225 ...3225 ...3215 ...3217 50
Belgian Bank ..... 707 50... 710 ... 707 50... 710
Belgian 105 ... 105 ... 105 ... 105
1840 1074 ... 1074 ... 1074 ... 1074
Dutch 24 per Cents 564 ... 564 ... 564 ... 564
Spanish Active . ..... 294 ... 294 ... 294 ... 294
Passive 5 ... 5 ... 5 ... 5
Neapolitan ... . 107 ... 107 ... 107 ... 107
Roman ...... ............ 1044 ... 1044 .. 1044 ... 104 i

RAILWAY SHARES.
St. Germain 7BO ... 780 ... 7W ... 780
Versailles, L. 8... ..... 185 ... 190 ... 182 50... 190
Rouen .
Rouen to Havre ...... ,„ 640 ... 642 50... 640 ... 642 50
Orleans.
Strasburg to Bale 215 ... 215 ... 212 50... 212 50
Avignon to Marseilles 655 ... 660 ... 655 ... 660
RAILWAY SHARES, FOR THE ACCOUNT.
Versailles, L.B. lB2 50... 185 ... 182 50... 185
Rouen B4O ... 842 50... 840 . . 842 50
Rouen to Havre 638 75... 642 50... 638 75 .. 642 50
Orleans
Strasburg to Bale 213 75... 213 75... 213 75... 213 75
Mignon to Marseilles 660 ... 660 ... 645 .. 645

Sir Robert reel is expected to arrive in town this
evening, from his seat Drayton Manor, Staffordshire.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer is also expected in
town this day. Others of the Cabinet Ministers are
expected to arrive in town in the course of a few days.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-_(T HIS DAY.)

LONDON, JAN. 4.—Light airs from W. S. W.,and cloudy.
DEAL, JAE. 3.—Wind S.W. moderatr.—Arrd. Maria
Somes, Baker, Calcutta ; Pearl, Earl, Newfoundland.
Dom, JAE. 2.—Arrd. Vargas, Lopez, St. Jago de Cuba,
for Hamburgh.
PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 3.—Wind S, to W.S.W.—Arrd. Ma.
lacca and Duke of Bedford, Loudon, for Madras; Erin, ditto,
for Dominica; Quebec, ditto, for New York.
BRISTOL, JAN. 3.—Arrd. Maria, Thomas, Berbice.
MARGATE JAN. 3.—The Ocean, Watson, from Sierra
Leone to London on shore near Kingsgate, is bilged and quite
a wreck—cargo discharging in a damaged state.
MILFORD, JAE. 2.—lt commenced blowing hard from
W. S. W., at 8, P.M. yesterday, and soon afterwards shifted to
N. W., with a violent show squall, and blew a strong gale.
Coax, JAN. I.—Arrd. Wanderer, Newfoundland. Sld.
Elizabeth, New South Wales; Lauriston, Trinidad; Indian
Queen, Barbadoes ; Glengariff, Jamaica ; Henry Duncan,
Marian, and Woodstock, Charleston.
YARMOUTH, JAN. 3.—The Williams, Buckton, from Dordt
to London, which arrived in the roads yesterday, has come into
harbour leaky and will have to discharge.
HARWICH, JAN. 3.—The Agnes, of Jersey, from Hartle-
pool to Mistley, is on shore on the Cork sand, but expected off
next tide.
BICAUMARIS, JAY. I:—Arrd. Hardware, Shaw, St. John's,
for Preston.
SkizzarrEss, JAIL 2.—The John and William (not the
John and Mary), of Blyth, bound to London, which got on
the Maplin Sand 30th alt., came off the 31st, after discharging
part of her cargo.
WELLS, JAN. 2.—The Jane and Ellen, Rocking, from
Goole, came on shore this morning westward of the harbour.
LIVERPOOL, JAN. 3.—Wind E. S.E. to S.W., moderate.—
Arrd. Fairfield, Wilson, New York. Arrd. off, American,
Savannah. Sld. Devon, and Patriot King, Calcutta ; Agnes,
Monte Video; Bazelius and Solid, Rio; William Russell,
Pernambuco • Birkby and Isabella, Demerara; Jas. Duncan,
Trinidad ; Wanderer, Margarita ; Zenobia, Havannah ; Bir-
mingham and Intrepid, New Orleans.

CRIMINAL COURT.-(THIS DAY.)

NEW COURT
( illlefore the COMMON SERGEANT.)
Several coats of petty larceny, of a very ordinary description,
were disposed of during the morning.
Thomas Smith was charged with stealing 701hs of lead, on
the 16th of December, the property of Mr. Gunstore, his
master.--Guilty. To be imprisoned in the House of Correc-
tion for three months.
Thomas Knight, aged 14, and Thomas Smith, aged 12,
were charged with stealing, on the 27th of December, four
handkerchiefs, value 10s., the property of Air. Henry Mills,
and another.
The case was clearly proved, and the prisoners found Guilt-,
The first prisoner had been convicted of a previous offence.
Both of them belonged to a well-known gatig of thieves.
The Learned JUDGE said he thought the best thing he could
do for such young incorrigible thieves was to transport them
for seven years, with an understanding that they should be
sent to the Penitentiary.
Mary Davis was charged with atealing a cloak, and found
guilty of the offerce, and was sentenced to be imprisoned in
the House of Correction for six calendar months.

. _
James Ashton, a htee boy, was charged with stealing a loaf
From a baker's cart, on the Ist instant.—Not Guilty.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

MARYLEBONE.-(THIS DAY.)
Henry Ro2•ins, Frederick Howard, and George Smith,
three well-dressed young men, and noted members of the swell-
snob, were placed at the bar charged with the following rob-
bery from the house of Mr. Derbyshire, a surgeon, in London-
street,
Cavendish-square :
Joseph Leathert, a house-decorator, who for his own plea-
sure hunts down half the thieves in London, and who is gene-
rally known as "the amateur thief-taker," said that yesterday
afternoon at three o'clock he observed the three prisoners in
the Strand, near Charing-cross, and knowing them
well, he determined to watch their movements.
He followed them into the Park, through Buckingham
gate into Pimlico, where they tried many shops without success.
He (witness) was obliged to leave them there, but met them at
a later hour at the corner of Dover-street, Piccadilly, and fol-
lowed them through the Burlington Arcade, up Bond-street,
Oxford•street, John-street, Charlotte-street, Mortimer-street,
into London-street The prisoners at many shops in those
streets tried what they could do in the " conveyancing trade,"
but were unsuccessful. They stopped in London-street at
Mr. Derbyshire's shop, and Smith, first looking over the
window-sash, went quietly up to the door, opened it, and
went in. In a few minutes he handed a great coat out to
Howard, who went under a coach-way of a mews, and there
pulling off his own, he slipped it on, and afterwards his own on
the top of it. Witness then went back and observed Smith in
the shop again, handing out a parcel to Robins who waited near
the door. Witness then called a policeman, and with his assist-
ance took them into custody. lie might add that
they were all well known, and Howard had on the preceding
Tuesday been engaged in a robbery of a jeweller's shop in
Regent-street, and well described in the Hue and Cry as a
young man dressed in the most fashionable manner, and
sporting a gold-headed cane.
Mr. Derbyshire identified the articles produced as his pro-
perty, and the prisoners were committed for trial.

THE CIRCASSIANS AND THE
RUSSIANS.

MosnoK, Nov. 21.—1 am enabled at present to communi-
cate some details relative to the serious events which lately took
place in the east of the Caucasus. At Teflis it was extremely
difficult to ascertain the real facts. Schamyl, the chief of the
powerful tribe of the Tschetschenses, had penetrated, in the be-
ginning of the month of September, into the district of the
tribe of the Mares, who inhabit the valley of Koisu. The
troops under the orders of Schamyl, were estimated at 10,000
men. With this force the hardy chieftain besieged the little
fortress of Ungoula, which was garrisoned by three companies
of Russians. The mountaineers succeeded in cutting off the
river which supplied the fort; and the garrison, after having
been deprived of water during six days, was compelled to sur-
render at discretion. During the siege the Russian Lieutenant-
Colonel Wasiliski advanced, at the head of a battalion, by a
forced march from Chunsak, to the relief of Ungoula. This
force was attacked by Schamyl with his entire army in the
gardens of a village, where the Russians were encamped.
After a determined resistance, the entire Russian force was
put to the sword by the mountaineers. Whilest these events
were passing M. Blak de Blsgenan, the General commanding
the province of Dagestan, marched from the fortress of Temir-
Chantschme, with all the disposable force he could collect
in the province, to attack Schamyl. but the loss of the fortress
of Ungoula, and the massacre of Colonel Wasiliski's battalion,
forced the Russian General to take shelter in the fortress of
Chunsak, where he was besieged by Schamyl, whose forces
were increased by the population of the Avares to 20,000 men.
The Russian General, who feared that the fortress of Temir-
Chantschme, a most important place, might fail into the hands
of the mountaineers whilst it was destitute of troops, made
several attempts to force a passage through the ranks of the
besiegers, in order to return to Temir-Chantschme, which
was his usual head-quarters, but he failed in all his attempts.
Prince Argatinski, another Russian General, arrived with
5,000 men to the relief of the garrison of Chunsak. At the
approach of this force Schamyl raised the siege, and withdrew
into the mountains of Tschet-schen, having compelled the en-
tire population of the Mares to follow him, first having laid
waste the entire country. The loss of the Russians amounted
to 3,000 men, amongst whom were forty-five officers. The
Tschetschenses captured twelve pieces of artillery.— Times
Correspondent.

ANCIENT RUINS IN TEXAS.
We have been informed by a gentleman who has
traversed a large portion of the Indian country of
Northern Texas, and the country lying between
Santa Fe and the Pacific, that there are vestiges of
ancient cities and ruined castles or temples on the
Rio Puerco, and on the Colorado of the west. He
says, that on one of the branches of Rio Puerco, a
few days' travel from Santa I'6, there is an immense
pile of ruins that appear to belong to an ancient tem-
ple. Portions of the walls are still standing, consist-
ing of huge blocks oflimestone regularly hewn and laid
in cement. The building occupies an extent of more
than an acre. It is two or three stories high, has
no roof, but contains many rooms, generally of a
square form, without windows, and the lower rooms
are so dark and gloomy that they resemble caverns
rather than the apartments of an edifice built for a
human habitation. Our informant was unable to de-
scribe the style of architecture, but he believes it
could not be erected by Spaniards or Europeans,
as the stones are much worn by the rains, and
indicate that the building has stood several hun-
dred years. From his description we are induced
to believe that it resembles the ruins of Palenque
or Otulun. He says there are many similar
ruins on the Colorado of the 'West, which
empties into the Californian sea. In one of the
valleys of ,the Cordileras traversed by this river, and
about 400 miles from its mouth, there is a large
temple still standing, its walls and spires presenting
scarcely any trace of dilapidation, and were it not for
the want of a roof it might still be rendered habit-
able. Near it, scattered along the declivity of a
mountain, are the ruins of what must have been once
a large city. The traces of a large aqueduct, part of
which is, however, in the solid rock, are still visible.
Neither the Indians residing in the vicinity, nor the
oldest Spanish settlers of the nearest settlements, can
give any account of the origin of these buildings.
They merely know that they have stood there from
the earliest periods to which their traditions extend.
The antiquarian who is desirous to trace the Aztec
or Toltec races in their migrations from the northern
regions of America, may find in these ancient edi-
fices many subjects of curious speculation.—Texas
Teter

Igrap,

DiSTRUCTIVE FIRES.—Last evening, shortly be
6 o'clock, a destructive fire broke out at No. 7, Fre e.street,
Limehouse, belonging to Mr. Duncan Dunbar, bottle-mer-
chant, &c. The fire, when first perceived, was burning
furiously in the first floor of the building, and owing to the
highly inflammable nature of the stock, the flames were not
long in forcing their way into the upper floor. Information of
the outbreak was speedily conveyed to the various engine sta-
tions. A plentiful supply of water was fortunately flowing
from the premises in the neighbourhood, and a portion of the
engines were got to work under the direction of Mr. Braidwood,
Superintendent of the Fire Brigade. The fire was confined to
the building in which it commenced, and by half-past 8 o'clock
it was entirely extinguished. The damage done will fall upon
the Imperial Fire-office. No sooner had the engines arrived
at their stations from the fire in Limehouse, than intelligence
was received that another fire had broken out in the neighbour-
hood of Leicester-square. In that direction several engines
were dispatched; on reaching which, it was ascertained, that
the outbreak had taken place in the extensive range of premises
belonging to Messrs. Elam and Co., woollen-drapers, of 53,
Leicester-square. The fire commenced about 9 o'clock, from
some unknown cause, in the second floor front, and when it
was first seen it had obtained a strong hold of the furniture,
&c., in it. The inmates, finding they could not master the
lames themselves, very judiciously kept the doors closed until
the firemen came, otherwise, it is highly probable, that the
entire building would have been consumed. The damage done
will fall on the Westminster Fire-office.
FUNERAL OF SIR EDWARD BRACE, K.C.13.--
SHEERNESS, J. 2.—The funeral procession of this highly
respected and meritorious officer tool: place this morning, and
his remains were placed on board the Myrtle steam-vessel,
lying in the Ozdnance Camber, to be conveyed to the family
vault, at Fareham, near Portnnouth. At a quarter before
eleven o'clock minute guns, from the Camperdown and Ocean,
announced the imposing procession to be moving from his resi-
dence in the Dock-yard, and a detachment of the 77th led the
way, followed by a portion of the Royal Marines. The coffin
was borne on a carriage similar to those used for removing
artillery, and drawn, with ropes affixed, by seamen, followed
by the officers belonging to the Camperdown, Ocean, Vestal,
and Larne. Captains Sheriff and Fisher, Superintendants of
Sheerness and Chatham Dockyards, with other officers, were
also in attendance. At a quarter after eleven the Myrtle left
the port, minute guns still firing from the Camperdown, which
ship exhibited deep mourning. The deceased officer was Com-
mander-in-Chief of this port, and was 73 years of age.
NOVEL DISCOV ERY. The antiquarians of St.
Stephen's, Walbrook, were much puzzled the other day by the
discovery of a very curious looking document, which an old
parish clerk recognized as " A Churchwarden's Account."
However, there was something written on it which, for a long
time, could not be made out ; at last, an old gentleman having
somewhat better eyes than the rest, discovered it to be the
word " audited."—Punch.

THE CoaLwurrrEits' ACT.—Yesterday the new
law for the regulation of the coalwhippers, who deliver the col-
liers of their cargoes on tLe Thames, came into operation, and
the office for the registration of the men was opened for the first
time at nine o'clock in the morning, and continued open till
nine in the evening. During the day 450 coale,hippers regis-
tered their names, and a certificate signed by the Registrar was
furnished to each man, ',stating his name, place of aode, and
age, for which a chat ge of 4d. was made. Every man who pre-
sented hiinself was also required to state whether he was mar-
ried or single, if able to read and write, if a basket man, and
how long he had been so.
MR. BEAUMONT'S NORTIIU*EERLAND ESTATES.—
Since the estates of T. W. Beaumont, Esq., in Northumber-
land, have been placed under the management of Mr. Braken-
ridge, important improvements have been everywhere in-
troduced. The land is undergoing a general tile drainage ;
farm buildings are being improved ; thus not only is the value
of the estates increased, and the comforts of the tenantry added
to, but extensive employment is afforded to the labouring
classes in the neighbourhood.— Tyne Mercury.
Mr. Arbuthnot still continues in a very weak stAte
of health.