The Sun.
London, England, 1844-05-17 00:00:00

SUN, L'ONDON, FRIDAY EVENINdi MAY 17: 1844.

would give you 50/. worth of plate for 25/. in money.—(Hear, factures. -A rigid and efficient syatern of retrenchment allow-
and a laugh.) But was that a gain which honest men inB us to take 'off the taxes upon salt, upon soap, upon
and Christians would participate in ?—(Hear, hear.) .He leather, upon iron, and a few. other articles of subsistence,
had not language to express his abhorrence of the conduct of our advantagesefrom position, from coal mines, and from the
O'Neill.—(Hear, hear.) What a name for such a miscreant. skill and energy of our people, are so considerable, that, were
'—(Cheers and great laughter.) Ho ought to leave the "O" it not for unwise laws and overstrained taxation, Britain,
but.—(lmmense laughter.) But the language in which his for ages to come, might continue to be the great workshop
sentence was pronounced was worse than the sentence itself.. of the world." So thought the great Lord Chatham-eighty
He polluted the book of God. years ago; and so think I now.—(ltenewed cheers.) Beeire
" Just heaven ! What must be thy look, concluding what I have to say to you upendhis subject, pro-
. When such a wretch before thee stands, bablv I should tell you that the manufacturing interests of
Unblushing!—with thy sacred book, - the United States are now enabled to produce to the extent
Turning its leaves with blood stained hands, of 250 millions of dollars per annurn.—( Hear, hear.) At
• And wresting from its test sublime one period our exports to that country rose as- high as 50
His law of hate, and blood, and crime." millions of dollars ; at present, although there is a greatly
-The lion. and Learned Gentleman, who was most enthusi- increased population in that country, our exports are little
astically cheered throughout his speech, concluded by moving ! more than half.—{Hear, • hear.) That,' gentieineri, is the
the resolution. I result' of our protective laws.---(liear, hear.) Gentlemen,
Rev. John Aunts seconded the resolution, which Wil3 car- I a very able writer has pictured to my mind the beau ideal
Hod by acclamation. of the British Constitution. The great Lord Bolingbroke
The Rev. JAMES SHERMAN moved the fifth resolution. says that a system of laws, customs, and- usages derived
' Mr. BRIGHT, who was received With immense cheering, de- from the same fixed principles of reason directed te he
*fended the views which Mr. G. Thompson had taken of the ' same known object of public good, by wlich a free and
!sugar duties, and contended that the people of America were enlightened people agree to be governed, is, in his esti-
mot all guilty of participation in slavery. 'nation, what we are favoured with. That that may be
The CHAIRMAN, in putting the resolution, declared his accomplished under a mixed monarchy, such as we have,
opinion that if the differential duties were done away with, with its checks and balances, I. firmly believe; and I
the abolition would have the effect of maintaining slavery, trust such a Government will always_ contihne to exist
and promoting the slave• trade. in this country for the benefit of all classes of her Ma.:
[The meeting had not concluded when we went to press.] jesty's subjects, and the country itself.—(Loud cheers.)
But, gentlemen, in all human institutions lapse of time
and changes in circumstances may make emendations and
alterations and new enactments necessary; and should it
be your pleasure that I should he your representative in Par-
liameat, I should be very happy to lend my best aid in ac-
complishing those desirable ends.—(Hear, hear.) The poor-
laws have existed from the reign of Elizabeth; and of late
great changes have taken place in them; but in avoiding one
difficulty we have fallen' into another.—(Hear, hear.), The
present poor-laws are, I am afraid, a great deal too stringent
and severe.—( Hear, hear.) While I would protect the poor
upon the one hand from oppression and hardship, upon the
other, I would endeavour to prevent the public from being
imposed upon by idleness and dissipation.—(Hear, hear.)
Frorn.what I have just said upon the subject of free trade, it
is not necessary, Gentlemen, that I should say more than
that I repudiate all protective duties, .and air retaliatory du-
ties Whatever.—(Great cheers.) But I wish to be clearly
understood upon one point, upon which, in my address, I
am afraid I have not been sufficiently explicit. I do not
object to duties to meet the exigencies of the State, so far as
they can be laid with advantage to the wuntry.—(Hear;
'hear.) lam an economist, so far as it is practicable to carry
that principle out—so far as it is consistent with :the raising
of a revenue essential to maintain the country in the position
it holds among the most powerful monarchies in the world;
but I never would be a party to placing her in such a situa-
tion that we should lose caste among the nations of the earth.
—(Hear, hear.) I am, however, a strong advocate for main-
taining peace ; and I would maintain peace upon any terms
short of national dishonour.—(Great.cheeree) lielmeee new to_,
ask you, Gentlemen, as a personal favothe to myself, that
throughout 'this contest we shall reason with our .opponents
with the utmost good humour—(Hear, hear)—that -we
should never mind their. smiles or remarks, or anything else
they may say against us, but treat them alway&eas friends
and gentlemen.—(Cheers.) It has just been suggested to
me that my character is not understood in the world. I am,
Gentlemen, a member of the Esteblished Church, and cer-
tainly no act of mine shall disturb those laws which preserve
the Church in its present state.—(Hear, hear.) lam not a
Unitarian, thOugh I should not consider it a degradation to
be' so, I assure .you; nor era I Catholic.—(Cheers.) Mr.
Brown then apologised for the imperfections of his manner of
speaking, reminding the electors that they were only just
beginning to drill him into a speaker, and concluded by
thanking the meeting for the honour conferred upon him.
The CHAIRMAN said they seemed all to be satisfied with
Mr. Brown, and his declaration
against
naifirieset
ittade. he thought
would satisfy every Tree trader; but in order to carry out
their good intentions, it would be necessary to appoint a
Committee to conduct the election.
Mr. BLAIN Wished to put a question to Mr. Brown. Would
he supporti‘ir.B n t!Ne
saidincohmeee-otan
considered
dere
rNe"do vote.
the income-tax inquisitorial,
and would- be glad to see it abolished.—(Applause.) He
would continue the property-tax, provided it would remove
or cause some of the other taxes to bear lightly upon them.
The Government must have money, and he would take it in
a way the least objectionable.—(Hear,)
Mt. JACOBS inquired whether, if Mr. Brown, as- the friend
of civil and religious liborty:, were returned for the.county, he
would, on the question coining forward, vote for the emanci-
pation of the Jews ?
Mr, BROWN—I would.—(Applanse.)
Mr. JAcOBS said he wished to remark that the 'Jews, in
wishing to be emancipated, had only the desire to be' of more
use to their fellow countrymen. They were now eligible
to various civil offices, and he hoped that whenever they
obtained their proper position in the land, the flit principle
that would actuate them would be not to oppfess the or-
phan, and that free trade in all things would civilise the
globe.
A Committee was then appointed to conduct the election.
After a few, words from Colonel \Vim...Lilts, „
Mr. Razanoene rose and said, I have a confidential commu-
nication to make. I hear that we shall pleaed Sir Robert
Peel as well by electing Mr. Brown as by electing Mr. Ent-
wistle.—(Cheers, and hear, hear.)
Three cheers were then given for Mr. Brown,-and the pro-
ceedings, which were characterised by unanimity and enthu-
siasm throughout, terminated.

THE CALEDONIAN ASYLUM.
(THIS DAY.) •
The twenty-seventh anniversary of this Asylum was cele-
brated this day in a very gratifying manner, by the ceremony
'of laying the first stone of an addition to the school, which
will enable the charity to extend its benevolent efforts to the
girls of Scottish parents as well as to boys. For the last few
years the Directors have contemplated, this extension of the
charity, but having no funds available for the purpose, they
were compelled to postpone it. In the course of last year.
however, the munificence of Mr. Matheson, M.P. (Ashburton),
who himself subscribed 1,0001. towards the expense of en-
larging the building, and the subscriptions on the part of
friends of the charity, .have enabled the Directors to carry
out their intentions. The ceremony of laying.the foundation-
' stone of the girls' school, at the Asylum, Copenhagen-fields,
was performed by the Earl of Zetland, accompanied by
I masonic forms. The Highland Society attended on the
!occasion. The President, his Grace the buke of Buccleuch,
;and the Directors and Governors of the charity, were also
tpresent.

•
,SOUTH LANCASHIRE ELECTION.
LIVERPOOL, WEnsrEsressr.:--This day a numerous and
highly respectable meeting of the Liberal' electors of Liver-
'pool was held in the large room, Eastwood's .Hotel. The
'parties present evinced the greatest enthusiasm in the cause.
'Many of the gentlemen who have taken a leading part in the
'advocacy of free trade principles were present. Amongst
sthein we noticed :
H. Holmes Esq., Thoinas Blackbume, Esq., J. H. Greene,
Esq., J. D. Thornely, Esq., J. B. Cooke, Esq., W. Jerome,
Esq., , W. 111‘Kee, Esq., S. Thornely, Esq., J. Todd, Esq.,
IJ. Smith, Esq., T. S. Raffles, 'Esq., - James Riley, Esq:,E.
Pitcher, Esq., W. Thornhill, Esq., W. Ronald, Esq., W.
'Blair, Esq., E. Baines, Esq., Thomas Harvey, Esq., R. Sheil,
Esq., J, B. Barclay, Esq., James Aikin, Esq., Thomas Robin-
son, Esq.' Thomas Jervis, Esq., 'W. Rathbone,. Esq., R. E.
Harvey, Esq., Joseph Mason, Esq., C. Rawdon, Esq., C. E.
Rawlins, jun., Esq., J. P. Crook, Esq., E. S. Bulleys Esq.,
J. King, Esq., Colonel Williams, &c. &c.
Robert Ellison Harvey, Esq., *as unanimously called upon
to preside, amidst loud cheering.
The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, said he
believed they were all aware of what had taken
place with respect to the forthcoming election. The news-
papers bad pretty correctly reported everything that had
occurred, and he had only to state that Mr. Brown was
now in the house, and would have great pleasure in addres-
sing them by-and-bye if they wished it, but in the meantime
1111.. Rathbone would move a resolution which he (the
Chairman) hoped would meet their approbation. There
might be gentlemen present who had some slight differences
of opinion with Mr. Brown on political questions, but he
hoped these would all be merged—the absorbing question of
the present day being the free trade question.—(Loud ap-
plause.) With respect to Mr. Brown's opinion upon that
subject there could not be by possibility any mistake. lie
went as far as most of them on that subject. In all minor
differences of politics they waived a shade or two, and adopted
the principles of free trade as their present popular cry.
Mr. RATHBONE said the resolution he had to move was as
follows :—" That this meeting, highly approves of the choice
made of W. Brown, Esq., as the candidate for the southern
division of Lancashire, and it pledges itself to secure his
triumphant return to the 'House of Commons."—(Applause.)
He was sure he need not say much to induce them to give
their hearty concurrence to that motion, not merely with
their cheers, but with their votes and services on the present
occasion. Me conceived this to be one -of the greatest
struggles they ever had in this county, for it affected not only
the county, but the public generally.--(Applause.) They
were going; on very correctly : they said a free trade candi-
date should be a Liberal, such as Mr. Brown was on all other
important points which they ought to see well represented in
Lancashire. It was to the disgrace of Lancashire that it
had been badly represented by persons who knew no-
thing either of commerce or manufactures. Lancashire
ought to have a commercial and manufactusing man to re-
present it.—(Applause.) It was high time that they should
redeem themselves from that degradation into which., they
had been too long cast—not rolling to this side and to that
side, but uniting in one strenuous and firm struggle to main-
tain their rights—not splitting hairs. The bark is on the
rock, and which of the sailors would think of this side or of
that side. Let us (said he) pull her off the rock; not talk
of this suffrage and the other suffrage, and this twaddlement
and the other twaddlement. Letus struggle toput Mr. Brown
into his post, and then we will talk of other matters.
Mr. THOMAS BLACKBURN seconded the resolution.
Mr. RATHBONE wished just to say that the 'suggestion,
that Mr. Brown should be put in nomination, came from
Manchester. That showed how little jealousy there was on
the part of the Manchester gentlemen, and he hoped-they
would show how they felt such liberal conduct towards
them.—(Applause.)
The CHAIRMAN then put the question, and it was carried
unanimously.
William Brown, Esq., was then ,introduced to the meeting
amidst loud cheers and clapping of hands. As soon as this
had subsided,
The Citainsiase addressing him, said he would read to
him the resolution which had just been passed unanimously
by the meeting, and at the same time he must congratulate
him that there was so numerous and zealous a meeting there
that dayy..
late representative,
etalniennotadhderlpessfedeeltinhge
hmigeehtliynggraastififedolloawts
the
)rGy oeeer yeirrtrleianeStwin distinguished honour you have done me by the wterm
i3rtehopuN e,l
ave
aghose ftrii
ivveeenn,
dtsishs
the Hon.
de hadlnc.on
n Bootleet
chtei
slab;
ri:aheoasontfi knowing
m- in
gen-
tlemansincerelyg
sympathise—a gentleman whose amiable and accomplished
manners endeared him to all by whom he was known ; and,
indeed, it was' only necessary to have that knowledge to
respectlhim.--(Hear, hear.) this melancholy event, gentle-
men, has placed me in the position in which I now stand, as
a candidate before you, for the honour of representing you
in Parliament. I should never have dreamt of aspiring to
this honour, had it not been pressed upon me by a deputation
from Manchester and the surrounding districts, accompanied
by many of the gentlemen I now see around me ; and whether
I may attribute it to my vanity or my ambition, if you
please, or to both, I'could not resist the temptation in their
wish to confer such an honoor upon me.—(Great cheering.)
I would much wish, gentlemen, certainly that you hada more
able advocate of your cause; but since you have launched
me upon the troubled sea of politics, you may rest assured,
that having put my hands to the, plough, I will not draw
back.—(Great cheering.) Gentlemen, 1 stand before you as
aft instrument to accomplish what we have all at heart—
free ti ade.—(Applause.) What is free trade ? It is "an
exchange of equivalents mutually advantageous to both
Let us look at an hossile tariff between countries which
parties."—(Hear, bear.) But let us look to the reverse.
might exchange their commodities with each other with
advantage to both parties. Why, it engenders jealous
and hostile feelings ; it may lead, and frequently does
lead, to a spark creating war.—(Hear, hear.) And what is
the consequence, gentlemen? Taxation.—(Hear.) That
is the consequence—(Cheers)—taxes, which area just punish-
ment for our folly.—(Renewed cheering.) 'War begets taxes;
taxes beget debt; debt begets restrictions.—(Hear, hear.)
These are the blessings arising from these commercial mis-
understandings which unfortunately exist. between nations.
—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) Our opponents contend, gentle-
men, that the landed interest bear an undue proportion of
these taxes. I look upon it, however, in a very different
point of views, If any of you, gentlemen, were going to buy
an estate, what is the first thing you would do? You would
first endeavour to ascertain the gross rental of that estate;
the next thing, would be the poor's-rate, tithes, highway
rates, land-tat, and such other charges as may be looked
upon in the character of permar.ent mortgages; and any
schoolboy would tell you that you buy not the gross, but the
nett rental.4-(Hear, hear.) I' cannot conceive in what other,
point of view the owner of an estate stands who holds it by
inheritance ; and I am greatly' surprised the ltinded interest
are-not aware of the incalculable advantages which com-
merce has conferred upon them.—( Hear, hear.) Look, for
instance, at the condition of the southern district of Lan-
cashire. About the year 1784, when the first bag of cotton
was imported, the population dependent upon agriculture
was' 52,000, the whole population of Lancashire being about
300,000. .In 1800 it had risen to 600,000, and at, this time it
is 1,600,060:--(Hear, hear.) lam sure there is not an
vidual *lei hears me, or who will read what I say, but will
say' that increase has conferred an inestimable benefit upon
the landed proprietors—(Hear)—and it is astonishing that
they have 'not foresight to see that by continuing this pros-
perity they continue the support of their rent rolls.—(Great
glieering.) It
,contended also, by our opponents, that we
have heen prospetous in consequence of our restrictive mea-
sures. I,know we have been prosperous, but it has been in spite
of thern.—(Cheers.) They lose sight of the fact that Europe
and America are now at peace—(Hear)—they lose sight of
the fact that both are prospering, and to a certain extent
very successful rivals n other markets of the world in- the
manufactures which they now make.—(Hear, hear.) We
certainly had advantages during the long wars which existed
upon the, Continent from the security of person and property
which they did not there enjoy, for it enabled us to make
great progress in arts and manufactures, and such advantages
we might now retain if we could only. liberalise our commer-
cial policy.—(Great cheers.) Indeed, with a liberal commer-
cial policy I cannot see that landlords have anything to fear
from competition with any other country in the world.—
(Hear.) Give us that, and we can clothe the world.—(Much
apblause.) We talk of other countries leaguing against us
in hostile tariffs ; but let us examine the matter fairly—let us
take the United States, with which I am better acquainted
than any other country. I have now in my possession some
statistics of that country', which inform me that the average
duties now laid upon her imports from us are 33i per cent.
The duties we lay upon her imports from there are 52i per
cent. ; but if we exclude cotton, which the southern district
of this county could not do very well without, then other
duties againsi her are 330 per cent.—(Hear, hear.) By the
late tariff of Sir Robert Peel they are hardly so high-260
per cent. ; and this is "reciprocity," 33i per cent. against 260
per cent.—(Cheers add great applause.) Upon this head 1
will be very brief, but I cannot refrain from laying before you
the sentiments of one of the ablest men that this country ever
knew, a man whose abilities were acknowledged by those
who differed with him in their day, and history will do him
justice—a man who was well qualified to wield the destinies
of this or any other nation—l mean the great
Lord Chatham.—(Great cheers.) Lord Chatham says :
" I do not despair of my country, and I nave no objection
to state what, in my opinion, would restore the kingdom to
its once flourishing condition. Give freedom to commerce,
and lighten the pressure of taxation, and you will have no
complaining in your streets. 'As commerce is always a
change of equivalents, a nation that will not buy cannot
sell ; and every restriction upon import is an obstacle to ex.
port. On the other hand, the more we admit the produc-
tions of foreign countries, the more extensive becomes their
demand for our commodities. Let the absurd system of our
corn-laws be gradually and cautiously abolished, and allow
the cheap agricultural produce of the north of Europe, and
of the continents of America and Africa, to be freely intro-
duced, and we shall obtain an unlimited vent for or manu-

PARLIAMEN TAR Y

From the Votes and Proceedengs q/ the HousEoj comiewou.)
THURDSAY, MAY 16.
NAVAL OFFICERS.

Motion made, and Question put, ..That it is the recom-
mendation of this House, that previously to the preparation of
the Estimates for the year 1845-46, a Plan of Retirement
should be devised, with a view to render the Naval Service
efficient, and of rewarding old and meritorious Officers :"
The House divided :
MINORITY—AYRS, 28. •
Aglionby, H. A.—Cockermouth Maher, Nicholas—aipperary
Bannerman, A.—Aberdeen Mitcalfe, H.—Tynemouth
Barnard, E. G.—Greenwich llorrison, Junes—lnverness •
Berkeley, Hon. M. F.—Gloucester Plumridge, Cap:ain—Peiayis:and
Berkeley, Hon. H. F.—Bristol Falmouth
Busfeild, William—Bradford Rous, Captain—Westminster
Chapman, B.—Westmeatt. Scholetield, .10—Birmikigham
Collett, John—Athlone Stuart, Lord J.—Ayr
Dalmeny, Lord—Stirling Tancred, H. W.—Banbury
Denison, W. J.— W est Surrey 1 raubridga, Sir E'l'.—S•.,..tw ch
, Esmonde, Sir T.—Wexford Co. Wakley, Thomas—Finsbury
French, F.—Rosscommon • Wawn, J. T.—South Shichls
Gore, Robert—New Ross Wemyss, Captain.—Fifeshire
Harris, E. A. J.—Christchurch TELLt ftS.
Hatton, Capt. Wexiord Co.: N.tpier, Sir Charles— Mar yltterre
Hume, Joseph—Montrose, &c. Fechell, Captain—Brighton

FINE ARTS.

PORTRAIT, OF SIR BENJAMIN BRODIE,

We have just been favoured with the sight of an
embossed medallion portrait of that eminent surgeon,
Sir Benjamin Brodie. The portrait is engraved by
Freebairn from the original model for the medal
which has been executed by Wyon, and it is by far
the best likeness that has yet appeared of Sir. Be-
njamin. As a work of art, the engraving is not less
deserving of commendation, and so admirably are the
lights And shades managed, especially about the eye
and, the lower part of the forehead, that.it is difficult
to believe that the plate has been wrought upon a flat,
surface: The countenance indicates great shrewdness
.and sagacity, and the expression of the mouth, in
particular, is that of decided energyfand determination
of purpose. In fact, Mr. Freebairii haS preserved all
the characteristics of Sir Benjamin Brodie's counte-
nance with singular fidelity, and the result is, a
portrait as like life as it is possible for engraving to
be. As the professional reputation of the original is
widely diffuk.ed, more especilly among medical men,
we have no doubt that this admirable portrait will
become speedily popular with the faculty, first, from
its accuracy as a likeness, and secondly, from its su-
perior excellence as a work of art.