The Sun.
London, England, 1845-12-23 00:00:00

LIBERALS.

Hoole 27 Bennoch
S.nith
Brown 26 "Irass
Last, 25 Barnard
CONSERVATIVE.
Lee Wilson
The poll will not finally

:lose until Wednesday.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.

Lcornow, DEC. 22.—Wind this day at noon S.S.W.,
fresh gale, with snow.
PORTSMOUTH, DEC. 21.—Shi. Port Fleetwood, Ludler,
Cape of Good Hope ; Quebec, Williams, New York.
YARMOUTH, Dsc. 21.—S1d. Fattel Raznek, Aden.
DUBLIN, DEC. 20.—Letherland, Freeman, Quebec.

CORK, DEC. 18.—.Acrd. Maria Spear, New York; Boadicea,
Newfoundland, and sailed for London. 19. Hyram, Wm.
Taylor Walker, New York. Sailed, 19th, Sappberas, Mobile.
Hum., DEC. 20.—Arrd. Pilot, Hall, St. Andrew's ;
Dyedal, Quaboc.

RAMSGATE, DEC. 21.—TheWoodman, Good, from Bombay
to Hull, went on shore on the Knock last night, and it is
feared will be totally lost—blowing heavy.
PORTSMOUTH, DEC. 21.—The wind shifted suddenly at 3
A. M. from the northward, and has blown a heavy gale ever
since from N. to N.N.W., and continues.

CORK, DEC. 18.—It blew a heavy gale N.E. during the
night. The vessels in harbour rode it out safely.
SUNDERLAND, DEC. 19.—The Dawsons, Thompson. from
St. Petersburgh, arrived here yesterday, is rather leaky,
having grounded In entering.
DEAL, DEC. 20.—Arrd. Inchinnan, Hyslop, Bombay ;
George,
;
Pernambuco;
.o;fJcolrehaannyer,edzeivcker,tPone,teursoonnd,ußraastlviciroa forod
Copenhagen
Luck, Honduras. 21st, Palmyra, Campbell, China; Mar-
mion, Baillie, Madras; Bolivar, Fenwick, Bombay; Emerald,
Pavey, Antigua; Burnhopeside, Lorin Montreal; Enchan-
tress, Phillipp, Quebec, Arrd. from the River for, 20th, May-
flower, Headley, Hobart Town ; Mayflower, M'Geldowney,
Mauritius. 21st, Simon Taylor, Brown, Calcutta ; Clefton
Cox, Madras; Navarino, Dalston, St. Helena; Brunswick
Cappelle, Aden; Eleanore and Henriette, Deneke, Porto
Rico ; Maria and Elizabeth, Batavia. Arrd. from the River
and sailed for, 21st. Royal Saxon, Charlesworth, Sydney;
London, Gibson, Sydney ; John Grey, M'Donald, Calcutta ;
Charles Jones, Clarkson, Calcutta; Mary Rundle, Sierra
Leone; Rapid, Dunbar, Bahia ; Juno, Bonhoff, Pernambuco;
Tancred Smith, Barbadoes ; Catherine Greene, Dyer, St.
Kitt's. Sld. 21, Henry Woolley, Calcutta; John Oldham,
Cavern Bombay; William and Alfred, Laurence, Antigua;
Caleb Ango, Whittle, Hondurus ; Denmark, Frost, Mobile.

:MPORTANT TO MARINERS.-DISCOVERY OF AN

_
ISLAND, &c.
" Adelaide, July 25, 1845.
" Sir,—l have the honour to enclose a sketch of the coast
of part of Nuyt's Archipelago, furnished me by Captain
Irving, of the schooner Sisters, which shows a considerable
variation from Flinders' chart of 1802, doubtlessly caused by
the haze he met with marked on the map. The dotted line.
shows the coast as it exists. Streaky Bay is much deeper,
while there is not nearly so deep a bay between Cape Bauer
and Point Westall as Flinders has marked. There, however,
exists a bay, named Trial Bay,' not laid down by Flinders,
in which the Elizabeth and Rebecca, of Hobart Town, was
wrecked, as advised on the 16th Airy last.
" Captain Irvinir, also reports having discovered an island,
about three miles in length, lat. 34. 47. S., and lon. 139. 39.
E., not laid down in any chart.
" I am, Sir, your most obedient servant,
(Signed) " LLOYD'S AGENT.
" William Dobson, Esq., Secretary, Lloyd's."

THE RE-OPENING 01' ST. MARGARET'S CHURCH.
—The re-opening of St. Margaret's Church, Westminster,
which has been so long delayed, in consequence of the exten-
sive alterations it has untbrgone, is to take place on Thurs-
day next, being Christmas Day. It will be recollected that
during the last session of Parliament a sum of 1,2001. was
voted for repairing and beautifying the church, which has
nearly all been expended on the interior, but little having
been done on the outside.
About seven o'clock on Sunday night, a fire broke
nut at 25, Compton-street, Clerkenwell, the property of Mr.
Richa, dson, c,.rn•ch indler. Engines of the brigade, parish,
and West of Eng!. • I Company promptly attended, and the
Bremen soon extinguished the flames, but not before consi-
der Able damage was done. The origin of Os Are Is unknown.

OCCASIONAL SKETCHES-HERE
AND THERE.
No. V.

FANEUIL HALL AND EDWARD EVERETT,

BOSTON—the Athens of America, as it is deservedly
called—is one of the most delightful of cities, whether
its situation or its society be considered. New York is
more bustling, Philadelphia more demure, Baltimore
more ornamental, and Washington more pretending; but
the capital of New England is unquestionably the seat
and centre of all that is refined, noble, and generous in
the American character.
Nearly all the other cities consist entirely of long
streets intersecting each other at right angles, by which
arrangement, advantageous doubtless in some respects, a
uniform and most distracting regularity is produced. In
Philadelphia, especially, every place looks so exactly
like some other place, that a stranger finds it a matter
of no little difficulty to pilot himself through the tree-
shadowed thoroughfares. Twenty-second-street appears
to be only a new edition of Second-stret t, with different
names oa the glistening white door-plates. It is only
in'tne neighbourhood of the wharves that anything like
irregularity occurs, so that it may be easily imagined
that a Prout, a Stanfield, er a Roberts might ramble
through one of these prim places from daylight until
dark without encountering a single " bit" with which to
enrich his portfolio.
It is not so in Boston ; for, after having for many
weeks travelled over the flats of the Quaker city, and of
New York, I discovered, to my great delight, on enter-
ing Boston, that our carriage was ascending a hill. In-
deed, the view which I caught of the place from the
mile-long mill-dam bridge, over which the railroad
passed, had prepared me for irregularities of surface,
for upwards from the water's edge rose houses, tier upon
tier, until, on the apex as it were of a pyramid of dwel-
lings, appeared the State House, whose dark dome stood
in bold relief against the sky.
The " City of Notions" looked more English than any
other place I had seen since I quitted home. The streets
were inding, and the houses irregular—occasionally
a quaint-looking old dwelling would meet the eye, and
there were more brick and mortar buildings than I had
seen of late. Things looked substantial ; the ware-
houses near the quays were built of good solid granite ;
so was the market-house ; and many of the larger
stores were constructed of the same durable material,
which is procured in large quantities from the Quincy
quarries, about ten miles from the city. The shop
windows were set out in quite the English style, and the
drapers' stores in Washington-street would not have
looked out of place in Oxford or Regent-streets. Many
English books and prints were in the stationers' win-
dows, and the passengers in the streets were more portly
and ponderous than the teen of the middle and southern
States. They bad, too, many of them, rosy cheeks, and
the ladies exhibited red and white complexions. In one
part of the city 1 noticed a very old house with pointed
gables and grotesque chimneys, and overhanging upper
stories, supported by diabolical-looking brackets. For
the moment I lost all consciousness of where I was, and
it was not until a very sharp east wind blew in my teeth,
and a newsboy cried in a shrill voice, " Here's the Atlas
extra—arrival of the steamer—great news from Europe !'
that I remembered I was in New, and not in Old Eng
land.

The celebrated Faneuil Hall is situated in Boston, and
is as well known by repute all over America as West-
minster Abbey or the Monument is in England. It was
presented to the citizens of Boston by Peter Faneuil, a
rich merchant, whose portrait adorns its interior, in the
year 17,12.. In the year 1763 it was, in a speech by a
Mr. Otis, dedicated to the cause of freedom, and it is

now universally known as the old "Cradle of Liberty."
It was in Faneuil Hall that Daniel Webster made his
recent great Oregon speech, and thither I shall request
the company of the reader, for the purpose of making
him acquainted with another eminent foreigner, whose
name is quite as, if not more, familiar to English ears.
We will suppose ourselves arrived at the entrance of
the oh! place. It is a huge stone structure, the lower
part or basement of it converted into shops, and its upper
portion consisting of the Hall proper. Over the en-
trance is a bell-turret, and two rows of square windows
run all round the building. It has no claims to atten-
tion on the score of architectural beauty, nevertheless, as
a relic of the olden time, in excellent preservation, it is
always un object of interest to strangers, and almost of
affection to the citizens.

Ascending a flight of broad wooden stairs, we reach a
landing, and passing through a large old-fashioned door-
way we enter the Hall. It is of copious dimensions, lofty,
and surrounded on three sides by a deep gallery, on the
front of which, over the entrance-door, is a monster of
an eagle, carved in wood, bearing on his breast a shield,
with the stars and stripes painted thereon, and having
the motto, " E plaribus unurn " very conspicuously
painted on a streamer which flutters gaily on an ima-
ginary whirlwind of liberty.
Stuart's celebrated full-length portrait of George
Washington occupies the most prominent position on the
will fronting the entrance. It is flanked by many
smaller ones, of John Hancock, the Adamses (both ex-
Presidents), old Peter Faneuil, a jolly-looking gentle-
man. very showily dressed, and holding a plan of the
building in his hand; several ancient Governors of the
State of :Massachusetts, some of them in the quaint
Dutch costume; and by a batch of benefactors to the

The galleries are crowded to excess with ladies, for a
meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society is
about to be held, and whilst the gentlemen eat, drink,
and make speeches below, the fair Bostonians, who are
very fond of meetings of this nature, will enjoy ice-
creams and eloquence in their snug seats above. It is
worthy of remark, and of imitation, ton, I think, that in
America the fair sex have especial attentions paid them.
The old saying,

.4-When a lady's in the case
You know all other things give place,"
is realised to its fullest extent in the land of Washington.
If you are travelling in a stage coach, or a railroad car,
or a steam-boat, should a lady fancy your seat, her male
companion intimates as• much, and you abdicate in her
favour. Go to hear a popular preacher, and, in order
to secure a seat, be in the church half an hour before the
time for commencing the service. Hug yourself on hav-
ing a snug corner, and enjoy the squeezings of the un-
fortunates in the crowded aisle;—alas! you hear a
rustling of silks near your pew door, and your doom is
fixed—a commanding voice sounds in your ear, " Pray
give up your seat to this lady ;" and, with a very bad
grace, you are compelled to join the ranks whom you so
lately pitied. Politeness and courtesy to the sex is all
very well, but it may be carried a little too far; and the
American ladies themselves admit, or I know some of
them do, that they are treated too much like dolls, by
having such everlasting attentions paid them. But this
is not a place for the discussion of such points of eti-
quette, so let us get back again to Faneuil Hall, which
exhibits a gay and unwonted appearance, for the many
slender pillars are wreathed with flowers of all hues;
banners of various nations are disposed in festoons
around the walls, and on the tables below is such a vast
amount of good cheer, that no one can doubt, whilst
gazing, that America is truly the "land of plenty."
One might as well attempt to epitomise a cookery-book
as to venture on chronicling half of the dishes which
decorate a public dinner-table in America. There are
squashes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, dressed in many
ways, and a hundred other things, whose very names
are unknown on this side the water; and every here and
there, on primrose-coloured pats of butter, lumps of
cryttal ice sparkle like huge diamonds. Fish, with
queer fowls of every description, joints of huge propor-
tions, and made dishes by the score, appear, and then
vanish away before the attacks of the hungry visitors;
and, thus rapidly disposing of the dinner, let us glance
at the guests.
At the head of the table sits tie Governor of the
State. He is a tall, firmly-built man, with a benevolent
expression and a mild, grey eye, which has a good deal
of lurking humour in its depths. No one, to look at
him, would fancy him a man who possesses almost as
much power as a crowned head—who holds the scales of
life and death in his hands—for he more resembles is
well-to-do English gentleman-farmer than a petty so-
vereign, which, in fact, he is for a time. His dress is
carelessly arranged, and it is plain enough that he pays
but little attention to personal appearance. Everybody
remarks this, and the very newspapers inquire, " Does
Governor Briggs wear a shirt 2" for that necessary
article is not indicated by the presence of a collar. His
Excellency if no great orator, but, when he speaks, the
words and sentiments evidently flow from his heart. lie
is a great temperance advocate, and may frequently be
heard advocating the claims of teetotal societies. And,
not content with mere words, he carries his prin,ciples out
into practice, for a very few months since he was seen,
on Boston-common, picking up an insensible drunkard,
whom he himself conveyed to his home, and whom, on
. .

an after visit, he made Comfortable in circumstances, and
induced to sign the pledge.
The speeches at the horticultural show are, of course,
" much of a muchness" with those put forth in our own
country on similar occasions, and, as with us, persons of
all professions unite in the proceedings. People of every
shade of politics can meet in flower-gardens, and so the
subject-matter, and the compliments, and " all that,"
must be left to the reader's imagination.
The evening has advanced considerably, when there
is a buzz heard near the door—it grows louder and louder,
until a vehement burst of cheering rings through the
building, as a gentleman with a very smiling face is seen
forcing his way through the crowd as well as he can,
whilst every moment his hand is grasped by one and
another, as if he were an old acquaintance. And so,
indeed, he is, although years have elapsed since last he
appeared in Faneuil Hall. " Hip, hip, hip burrs !"
Now the ladies have caught a glimpse of him, and they
wave scarves and handkerchief's until the air is r•

agitated that it almost fans out the gas-lights. The new
arrival is a prodigious favourite of theirs, and as they
cannot well use their tongues, and join in the universal
shout of welcome, they execute all manner of designs in
the air, and smile so sweetly, and their eyes beam so
brightly, that one envies the happy man who has caused
all this flutter and enthusiasm. Nearer sod nearer he
gets to the president's chair, and by it he stands bow-
ing, with his hand upon his heart, whilst the name of
Edward Everett is pronounced with a hearty welcome

by every tongue.
And nfit only is he welcomed by his own countrymen;
many Englishmen, invited guests, are pres.nt, who
willingly do honour to genius and manly worth in the
person
toria; and amongst them we may observe one who looks
as delighted as if a legacy had been left him. Ile is a
row d-faced pleasant-looking son of the " fast anchored
isles," with a pair of bright eyes, which twinkle merrily
through his spectacles.. Never was a more thoroughly
good-hearted-looking face than his; and seldom have
e,yes, nose, and mouth been surmounted by a more noble
forehead, broad and lofty, and adorned by curly black
locks. lie is short and stout, and his portly and plea-
sant figure, arrayed in sober black, betoken that he be-
lor,:,-6 to "the cloth." It is Dr. Choulis, the learned and
laborious author of the " History of Missions," and of a
score of other works, of which I cannot remember even
the titles. I have noticed him, because he is one of the

Boston "noticeables," and well-known by his works i is
this as well as in his adopted country. But 16t us return
to Everett.

It would be no easy matter to describe Mr. Everett's
features, and fortunately there is no necessity for my at-
tempting a word-painting of his physique, for his long
residence in England, and his frequent visits to different
portions of the United Kingdom, have rendered his out-
ward man familiar to most people. It is, however, I may
say, one of those thoughtful faces, which an utter ab-
sence of severity or gloom makes it delightful to look
upon. " That must be an amiable man !" would be the
most likely observation of an observer on seeing Mr.
Everett. He wears visibly the stamp—that stamp which
cannot be forged—of the gentleman. Graceful and easy
in deportment, and courteous and winning in manners,
he finds his way without an effort to every heart. As a
scholar a statesman, and an eloquent public speaker, he
ranks deservedly high. His splendid lyric, the "Dirge
of Alaric," stamped him at once as a poet of no ordinary
poa ers; and his translation of the Greek Grammar of
&amen warrants the assertion of his countrymen that
he is a most accurate scholar. Mr. Everett was for
several years a Member of the National Congress, and
afterwards was for three or four successive terms Go-
vernor of his native State of Massachusetts. His recent
high office, as Minister of the United States to England,
made us familiar with his splendid talents and estimable
character.

There is something peculiar in Mr. Everett's tones
which may be described, perhaps, as a tremulous car
nestness. On the present occasion he seems so much
affected by the warmth of his reception, that this is very
observable. Pleasantly- he alludes to the "boisterous
lullabys" which he has lately experienced on the ocean,
for he only landed from the steamer, which brought him
from England, on the day before, and contrasts it with
the reception be experienced in the " old cradle of
liberty." Gracefully he compliments England, and
vvartnly rejoices in the return to his own land. He re-
fers to the shabby allowance made by his own Govern-
ment to its Ambassador in London, and hints at its in-
sufficiency; and skilfully avoiding political shoals and
reefs, he pilots his course through divers channels, and
comes off at last with flying colours. Then his health is
drank, and the scene of uproarious welcome is repeated;
and then the Massachusetts Horticultural Society listen
to charming speeches about charming flowers; and at
length, in very good time (for the Bostonians are an
early-retiring people), the flowers and the garlands are
left to pine alone on the pillars of Faneuil Hall.
llarvard College has recently lost, by resignation, Pre-
sident Quincy, and, when the writer left Boston, Mr.
Everett was talked of as his successor. For such a situ-
ation his character and acquirements eminently fit him;
but whether he will retire from public political life into
the more secluded paths of learning, is not yet known.
One thing is quite certain—whatever public station he
may occupy, he will assuredly fill with honour to him-
sed' and advantage to his country. WHIZ.

EDUCATION IN FRANCE.
(From the Scotsman.)
In the Epoque of the 2d December, we find an inte-
resting account of the number of primary schools, teachers,
and pupils in France. The Government of Louis Phi-
lippe is the first which has been really friendly to edu-
cation in that country. The Directory passed magnifi-
cent decrees, but left them to execute themselves. Na-
poleon hated all knowledge that could not be made sub-
servient to his plans of conquest. The elder Bour-
bons gave up the charge of schools to the priests, who
were, generally speaking, hostile to secular instruction,
and taught what they could not help teaching by the
most operose methods. Their budget of education
amounted to 200,000/., but of this Dupin informs us that
only.the miserable driblet of 50,000 francs, or 2,0001., was
allotted to that department which had the strongest claim
to support, namely, primary schools, the rest being
ab-
sorbed by colleges and other high seminaries.
France has at present a population of 34,230,000, of
whom 33,000,000 are Catholics, 1,100,000 Protestants,
anti 80,000 Jews. The kingdom is divided into nearly
28,000 communes or parishes. The number of communal
schools is 58,838, and has increased 4,496 since IB4Y.
The population, divided by the number of schools, gives
one school for 570 inhabitants. But there are at present
2,460 communes, containing 1,150,000 inhabitants, which
are still without schools. Of these. 542, though poor,
are expected to obtain schools by and by ; 936 others,
still poorer, will only be able to procure schools by unit-
ing themselves to other communes; and 982 are so small,
so poor, and have their population so scattered, that the
establishment of schools in them is deemed hopeless.
The number of pupils is 3,164,297 of both sexes, or one-
eleventh part of the population. In 1826, instead of
2,460 communes unprovided with schools, there were,
according to Dupin, 14,100, and the number of pupils
was only 1,116,777, or about one-thirtieth part of the
population. The amount of primary education has,
therefore, been trebled since 1826.
All teachers in France must produce a brevet de ca-
paciL, or certificate of confidence, from Commissioners
appointed by the Government, before they are permitted
to teach. The number of teachers is 75,353, and they
are thus classified:—

Lay male teachers and sub teachers
female do. do.

58,577

Religious male teachers and sub-teachers
female do. do.

16,958
Of the schools, 52,248 were conducted by lay persons,
and 7,590 by persons belonging to religious communities.
It appears, then, that only a small part of primary edu-
cation is in the hands of persons belonging to religious
communities. We were told, however, about a year
ago, when i❑ the country, that the proportion was in-
creasing. It was found that persons bred in religious
societies were better disciplined than lay persons, more
patient, and less apt to abandon their situations. It will
be observed, also, that four-fifths of them are females.
They are ranged under four classes. Ist class ; 74 in
the 100 of the lay male teachers conducting pay schools
have emoluments, from fixed and incidental sources,
averaging 485 francs per annum, or 19/. Bs. ; 25 have
241.; and 1 had 481. 2d class: 25 in the 100 of religioi.4
male teachers in pay schools have 241. Bs.; 72 have 381.;
and 3 have 751. 4s. 3d class: 58 in the 100 of lay
teachers in schools where education is gratuitous have
20L; 29 have 321. 45., and 33 have 461. 4th class: 3in
the 100 of religious teachers in gratuitous schools have
only 131. 4s. (or 335 francs); 34 have 281.; and 64 have
28/. Bs.

Education in France is not compulsory as in some
parts of Germany ; end is not gratuitous except to the
very poor. The public money destined to the support
of primary schools is not stated in the article before us,
but in 1839 it amounted to fully 220,000/., of which
about one-half was furnished by the communes and de-
partments, and the other half by the Government. The
schools are not like ours, under the control of church
courts or other ecclesiastical authorities, but managed
by committees appointed by the municipal councils,
which are selected by the inhabitants, and upon a widely-
extended scale of suffrage ; for, according to a work be-
fore us, the municipal electors in all France amount to
2,880,000, and must include more than one-fourth of the
male adults.

No correct data for ascertaining the state of education
in England exist. Mr. Baines, of Leeds, after careful
inquiries, estimated the children attending school in
Yorkshire and Lancashire at one-tenth of the popula-
tion. In the agricultural counties it probably does not
exceed a fifteenth, and fur the whole country it may
amount perhaps to a twelfth or thirteenth. In the eighteen
yeais between 1826 and 1844 the amount of educa-
tion in France has been trebled. In England we doubt
if the increase has exceeded 50 per cent. in the same in-
terval. Though France is still a good deal behind Scot-
land, Prussia, and Wirtemburg, things are now in such
a train, that in a few years her people will be the best
educated in Europe.

COMFORT TO LANDOWNERS..--It is said that a
repeal of the corn-laws will injure the agricultural interest,
and depreciate the value of land. This, like many other
assertions of the monopolists, we have all along denied, and
we think we can point to facts which fully bear us out in the
more favourable opinion we hold. Yesterday, the estate of
Fingask was sold for 14,4901.—sixteen months ago its late
proprietor purchased it for 13,7501. The estate of Auchintoul
has long been in the market at the upset price of 65,000/. It
was sold the other day at 70,1001. Now, whatever some
dukes and lairds may say, it is quite clear that there are
capitalists in the country—landowners, too, if we are not
mistaken—who are not afraid to give a good price for land.
700/. of profit on 13,000/., and a rise of 5,0004 on an upset
price of 65,000/., do not indicate any great alarm about the
effect of a repeal of the cern-laws. Free-traders are some •
times accused of arguing too much from theory. Here are
facts, and pregnant ones too. Even the Duke of Richmond
will hardly venture to call the purchasers of Auchintoul and
Fingask foels.—.Aberdeen Herald.
The clerk of the peace for the county of Lancaster,
notwithstanding the order of the Board of Trade to the con-
trary, refused to receive railway plans and books of refer-
ences on Sunday, the 30th ult., and the agents of such lines
as were thus driven to the last day, and there were many,
made the required deposits on Monday morning, the Ist of
December, under a protest.—Lancaster Guardian.
SOCIETY OF ARTS.—The first meeting of the 92d
session was held on Wednesday evening in the large room of
the society, in the Adelphi, when the chair was taken by B.
Bond Cabbell, Esq. Mr. J. Russell, the secretary, read a
report from the council on some proposed alterations which
it was intended to make in the future regulation and conduct
of the society. These wore chiefly in the granting of special
premiums for the encouragement of a higher degree of genius
in even the most familiar and simple works of productive
industry; the augmentation of the model department; and a
more rapid communication of the proceedings of the society.
For the former of these objects, several liberal offers had been
made by the members, and a confident hope was expressed
that the adoption of the proposed suggestions would infuse a
fresh spirit into the operations of a society which was the
parent of nearly all others, and had expended nearly 100,0001.
in the prosecution of its objects. A paper was read from Mr.
Bodener on the broad and narrow gauge, and some improve-
ments connected with steam• engines for locomotive purposes
were exhibited to the meeting, which was very numerously
attended.
TAx.Es, &c. A Parliamentary paper has been
issued, giving a return of all taxes repealed, reduced, ex-
pired, and imposed in Great Britain and Ireland respectively
since 1841 to 1845, with other information on the subject.
The net balance of taxes repealed, reduced, &c., in Great
Britain. in the years mentioned, was 2,937,5371., and in Ire-
land 339,855/. ' The taxes imposed in Great Britain in the
same period amounted to 5,100,4001., and in Ireland 367,242/.
In the present year none were imposed, and those repealed,
reduced, &c., were, in Great Britain, 915,000 L, and in Ire-
land, 17,0001. The particulars are given in the returns which
follow the aggregate statement, from the respective revenue
departments. In the list given, it seems that under the 6tk
of George IV., c. 30, 490,606/. was advanced for "railways,"
of which, on the sth of January last, 171,7A91. _ was
unpaid. For the " Thames Tunnel," 25P !aced,
no portion of which had been repaidcal t t
for building and - ler 7orkhoit---, for,,
Ti 7 " t
, I

g en— :ging wo.t ~i, .-1-,,,.
under the Poor-law Amendment AcAr riq. ,7 :1, :k
advanced, of which sum 952,6601. 1414':6dA '.. ' ; t 7 id
on the sth of January last. ‘,
t:: 7i i
ti
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THE MINISTERIAL CRISIS. HISTORICAL MUSEUM OF
(From the Timm) VERSAILLES.
The politics of the last fortnight seem especially de (From the Moniteur des Arts.)
signed to baffle the ingenuity of those who stake their This gigantic work is nearly finished, and now that we
credit on the happiness of their conjectures. Everybods may Judge it both in its ensemble and in its details, now
is right, and everybody is wrong. Lord John Russell that we may follow in all its developments the grand con-
has at last positively and definitely retired from the ceptions of which it is the imposing expression, we may
scene, and Sir Robert Peel has consented to remain in do justice to the patriotic and liberal feeling that presided
office. That, at least, is the latest information. What at its birth, to that lofty sentiment, that rising superior
new turn things may have taken by the time these pages to the selfish exigencies of political opinions, seemed to
are in the hands of our readers, it would be rash to fore- have in view but one object, that of bringing together
tell. We only pretend to be historians. Our first an- a vast collection of historical monuments, classedin clear
nouncement was a simple matter of fact, with no other and progressive order. In 1832 the Chamber of De-
predictive character than what appertains to every puties was near depriving the Crown of the Palace of
statement vetich cannot for the present be fully authen Versailles, and the classic souvenirs of the age of Louis
ticated, and which, inasmuch as it relates to the future XIV. were to be effaced, to satisfy a feeling of hostile
may be frustrated by the events which a day may bring jealousy, or a sordid calculation that would add a few ad-
forth, Others, meanwhile, have indulged freely in the ditional millions to the treasury. A majority of seven
spirit of prophecy, and shown much superfluous clevet- votes saved France the shame of seeing one of its finest
ne-s. Matter of fact, however, as we have been con- monuments razed to the ground. The princely habitas
tented to be, by a succession of surprises and disappoirt- tion where genius and talent so eft received the honours
rcents, we bid fair at last to come round to a fulfilmeet of noble hospitality was saved from the hammer of the
as literal as could possibly have been anticipated. Death auctioneer, and Europe rejoices at a victory thus °b-
uilt- have removed one member of the Cabinet, and, per- - tained by civilisation over barbarity. Those who from
taps, vacillation another, but there is now every humai• a narrow-minded motive would have sacrificed one of
probability that at an unusually early day of the new the proudest monuments of France, will find some con-
\ ear Sir Robert Peel will propose a repeal of the corn- solation in the reflection that fifteen millions of francs
laws. The events of the last week have been so ephe- have been circulated by the Museum of Versailles. Every
mF ral, so personal, so accidental, as really to be hardly one is now aware of the motive of the King in forming
Korth relating. Headers whose minds will be carrier, the Museum ; the object is evident, and the execution
on to the important future, will not have patience for nobly answers the intention, and may be read in the
the frivolous gossip of the past.. That gossip, however, motto inscribed on the front of the Palace, "A toutes les
is simple enough. It is due to the nobleman and gentle- gloires de la France." It would be unjust to attribute to
man whose movements last week occupied so unusual a the French Monarch anything like an exclusive feeling,
space in the columns of the public press, to state that the and we must confess that no Prince would have under-
iinpossibility of constructing a Ministry out of all that taken what he has so generously done. Had Louis
splendid and abundant material, did not arise from any XIV. or Napoleon conceived a project, the fame of which
difference of opinion as to the measure to be proposed will live in after ages as one of the proudest titles of
They were unanimous for an entire repeal of the corn- Louis Philippe to the gratitude of a nation, they would have
laws, and though many of the party were indisposed to suppressed more than one fact, and effaced the image of
take office, and not very hopeful of success, all had con- more than one man ; the King banished from this classic
sentedi and the business of allotting the places began. sanctuary only what might call up the recollection of
For this purpose, it is said, that the species of provisional misfortune or of crime. We perceive a strong proof of
Cabinet in which the measure and the emergency had rare impartiality, a feeling of enlightened liberality, in
been discussed was broken up, and Lord John Russell opening the Museum to men, his personal enemies, but
gave separate interviews to his intended colleagues. who have played a certain part in some of the important
Here, however, in the very first step of his scenes of the political drama that has been acted for the
Aelreinistration, the Premier elect broke down. last fifteen years seemed entitled to a place in a work
Rumour relates that, beginning with Lord intended to represent the history of the country.
Grey, Lord John Russell offered him the Colonial. Party feeling was more than once invoked to assail this
effiee. He accepted, but had the curiosity to ask who national institution, which in their eyes was either de-
was to hare the Foreign-office? The answer was, Lore= mocratical and revolutionary in the extreme, or leaned
Palnserston—an intimation which had the immediate so strongly to monarchical principles that tyranny
effect of neutralizing Lord Grey's love of place and seemed to receive a sanction in lauding the splendid
power, patriotic and disinterested as it undoubtedly was vanity of the past. To please the one, the history of
Ile most strongly objected to the appointment, and for Versailles should not have descended below 1788, and to
his own part, positively refused to serve with Lord Pal. satisfy the other the royal decree should have blotted out
merston as Foreign Minister. We will not stop to elite all that preceded 1789, and all that succeeded 1831. The
cuss how far this objection was sound, and how far th restoration that effaced from the monuments raised by
peace of the Cabinet would be compatible with the pre- the empire, the symbols engraven upon them by the Em-
sence of a Man whose name is certainly not the harbinger peror ; the Republic that would destroy the traces of the
of peace to the world. Lords Grey, in withdrawing frorr ancientgrandeur ofFrance,both found it difficult topardon
the Cabinet under the circumstances, only followed the the King his noble moderation, his steady and exem-
exaMple of the Parisian capitalists, who have been with- plary justice ; but the country and Europe have under-
drawing their money from the funds with more or less stood all that is great and royal in so much equity ann
haste, exactly as there was reason to expect that Lord moderation. Abstracting from politieal feelings the
Palmerston was to be the channel and negotiator of in- Museum has been the object of satire and unjust criti-
ternational amity. However, be Lord Grey and the cism, and, strange to say, even from artists. It is true
Bowse right or wrong, so it was, he would not come to. there are many pictures that hare no claims to excel-
It was in vain that Lord John represented the utter lence—some that may be considered bad. It would be
impossibility of passing such a man by ; possibility to be wished that all were of the first order, both in
or impossibility, Lord Grey was inexorable, and took point of composition and execution ; but where are
his ground on the absolute incompatibility of himself two thousand master-pieces of art to be found ? Where
and Lord Palmerston sitting at the same Council could the King have got them, where have found artists
table. The whole of Friday evening is said to have to paint them ? But this is not the question ; even
been spent in fruitless endeavours to move the rock though there was not a single master-piece, the Museum
As Lord John Russell considered that he could not dis would still be a national monument. Painting in this case
pense with either of their Lordships, or at least coul-I is not to be considered as the end, it is only the means. A
Tea afford to leave them at liberty to follow their owe picture at Versailles must not be considered exclusively
devices in the approaching struggle, he resolved again as an object of art ;it is above all a page placed be-
for the last time, to return his commission into hen side another, to hep to form a volume of history. The
Majesty's hands. Saturday was the day appointed for Museum may be considered an illustrated work, and as
Sir Robert Peel to make the formal resignation of his such will produce a sure effect on the majority of readers.
official insignia ; and on Saturday, accordingly, he would Local memory being the one by which we best remember
have presented himself at Windsor for that purpose, it facts, in order to impress those facts more forcibly on
an early intimation of the state of affairs in his rival's the minds of the people for whom the Museum was in-
camp had not changed the nbject of his journey. The tended, what more rational line of conduct could the
spectacle of two retiring Premiers at once in the Castle King have adopted than to bring together a long series
would have been ludicrous enough, if it were not els( of images more or less striking by the composition of
significant of changes in the constitution of our politica• the subjects, the variety of the episodes, and the bril-
parties which, happy or not, are far too momentous for liancy of the colouring ? Art must necessarily have
smiles. It has been the boast of that era of which been but a secondary consideration, and yet it is easy
Providence has made Queen Victoria the most august to perceive his Majesty did not neglect
it. The royal
and distinguished type and representative, that it unites " Chateaux," the stores of the Louvre
'ave in their
the ancient factions, and reconciles the discordant large contributions ; the "Hate civileopened its
theories of Government. Instinct and philosophy alike treasures to swell the number of this vast historic
assure us that it is impossible to construct new unities out collection. Among those numerous pictures, busts,
of the more dislocated parts and broken material of those and statues, there were some of a high order of merit,
which have passed away. The old forms must come which in themselves would have formed a valuable
pletely expire before the new ones can arise, and new museum. There were those of Van der Meulen and of
institutions are born out of the very dust of the old. Philippe de Champaigne, master-pieces of David and of
Tory and Whig are passing away. They are only re • Gros •, the Battle of Austerlitz, the Entry of Henry IV.
membered names. They have no place in the system into Paris, and Philip V. of Gerard, which, in my
that is. Fragments and specimens survive. We can opinion, cannot be placed in the same line as the
contemplate, examine, classify, describe, and admire ; " Sacre " Aboukir, and the Pestiferes de Jaffa, but
lint revive we carnet. Behold the visible consumma- which in the esteem of the critics of the Empire and of
tion which history at last reveals. An earthquake shakes the Restoration were works of rare merit. Martin was
the political world to its basis. Public necessity and not, it is true, a great painter, but, like Van der Meu-
public importunity fight their way through the ruin of len, he painted contemporary facts under the eye and
Cabinets to the foot of the Throne. Almost at the same dictation of the heroes who performed them. Battles
hour the heads of the two ancient and now antiquated painted by Parrocel, a few official pages by Lebuen, a
parties present themselves and declare the impossibility few pictures by Guy Halle, Antoine Dien, Antoine Pezy,
of constructing Ministries out of existing party material. Rudolphe Huber, Dumenil, Charles and Ignace Par-
Both at once proclaim their parties obsolete—themselves, rocel, Pierre Leupant, Segua, Lapson. Those pro-
as the leaders of those parties utterly invalid and ductions would unquestionably be misplaced in a gals effete. The exigency of the moment compels the Queen lery composed exclusively with a view to art, but how
to s.elect the one who is defiler° charged with her execu- could they have been rejected in a collection of paint-
five responsibilities. Sir B. Peel resigning his old autho- ings representing historical facts, and executed by artists
city, receives from the organic head of the State a new who were almost contemporary with those facts. Con-
one, in better keeping with the crisis which compels his sidered in another point of view, they possess a certain
surrender, and consequent re-acceptance of the value in a Museum like that of Versailles ; they are the
tribe Providence and the people have spoken in tones record of the history of the second order of painting
which it is impious and rebellious not to hear. That during the reign of Louis XIV., a history which
is
deep murmur has shaken all things, all classes and nowhere to be found. Pictures during the Empire re-
parties. The throne only is not shaken, because it presenting military feats, scenes of the interior of the
listens and obeys, or rather, to speak perhaps more palace, are, with few exceptions, but very indifferent, so
loyally and more truly, it follows its own deep sympa-
_ much so indeed, that it is hard to imagine they were
Thies with the heart and mind of the people. The done at a moment when David was painting the Ther-
throne, then, after abrogating the worn-out system of mopylte, the Portrait of' the Pope and the S'acre (conse-
the age gone by, founds a new order of things on new cration) ; when Gros was rising to immortal fame by
principles, and assigns to a re-instated and renovated productions that, with those of his illustrious master, will
Minister that new and solemn responsibility. The suffice to class the French school from the beginning of
friends of Sir Robert Peel have no reason to lament the nineteenth century among the great schools of paints what has occurred. Without such a solution the com- ing, where Guerine, Girodot, and Gerard gave to the
plexiiiee of his previous policy could not be entirely dis- world productions inferior to those of David and of Gros,
entangled—the burden of party could not have been but of a very high order, when Prudhoe claimed the
entirely shaken off. Sir Robert Peel, however, must for place of a fine, soft, and delicate colourist. Weak,
the present consent to be regarded in an equivocal and nay bad, as those productions may be, it is well they
doubtful position. It is still for him to decide, and put have been grouped and brought together, because with
that fast hold master-stroke to his portrait, which pos- those of the masters who come immediately after David
terity shall agree to regard as the clue to his real cha- they form a history of the art during the Empire both
raster. and the solution of his apparent inconsistencies. curious and instructive. All, or almost all, the pictures
He resumes office certainly net as a Tory Premier— were ordered by Napoleon, and it would be unfair to ac-
that he never was—but not even as a Conservative. He case him of want of taste in refusing to limit his choice
must now be the popular Premier ; and that people from to the small number of artists whose talents placed them
whom he virtually receives his present policy and trust in the highest rank of art. A monarch, were he con-
he mast now determine faithfully, honestly, and impar- noisseur, and did he feel a repugnance for what in art
tialiy to serve. is without grandeur or excellence, would, however, be
(From the Morning Chronicle) obliged to make a sacrifice of his taste, and confide to
The readers of the Morning Chronicle must have been mediocrity a portion of the monuments he wishes to
prc pared, by our announcement of Saturday morning, raise. His taste might be shocked by the necessity
fir the uneatisfactory result of " the Ministerial crisis." of consulting more than one interest, and extending his
Oa Friday night, we believe, Lord John Russell corn- choice to those who have but slight claims to excellence.
n.7ticati dto her Majesty that, in consequence of a dills- Thss consideration, and thelauriabledesireof encouraging
cuity whieh had unexpectedly arisen, he must resign the every talent, however humble, influenced Napoleon in the
e, with which she had honoured him to form cheice of his artists. When Denore advised him to confide
an Ad.ninktrationi and on Saturday his Lord- to such or such an artist a work destined for one of his
wzi.ed on her Majesty for this purpose. palaces, he replied, "As Emperor, lam not free to
The difficulty referred to, we feel it right to choose; were lin another station in life—were I even
say, did not arise from any difference of opinion but a Royal Highness, I should have my own artists,
upon the great question which has produced the but in the station in which lam placed, whilst reward-
present Ministerial crisis. Upon that question there ing those who by their talents honour their country. I
aas on Friday, and a
n
t
i
ueto be still, the most com- cannot forget that there are others of inferior merit, who
plea. agreement between Lord John Rnssell and the have a claim on my protection." Louis XIV. yielded
friends with srliorn he had been in consultation during to the same motives. Leburn was his artist, and through
the we ek. Nor is there any truth in the statement him came a swarm of artists of the second and third
made by some of our Conternforaries, that there was any order ; so much was to be done, and in a limited space
difference of opinion as to the individuals who were to of time, that it was necessary to have a whole legion of
have composed the future Cabinet. Sir Robert Peel artists. Leburn was commander of that numerous host,
aittil upon her Majesty on Saturday. Upon his re- and taught them discipline, and so skilful was the direc
turn to town he was met by the members of his Cabinet, Lion given that the numerous productions seemed
ss i e hum lie remained in deliberation until a late to be the work of one hand. Thus were
hew-. It was rumoured last night that Lord Eiienbo- trained those artists whose productions live un-
rough, Lord Dalhousie, the Earl of St. Germans, and consecrated by a name, and thus the works
Mr. Gladstone, were likely to he members of Sir Robert of the sellers which strike the eye so agreeably when
Peel's Cabinet. viewed from the terrace of Versailles, near the bason of
Luton, have been ascribed to Coysevox, of whose
pompous styles they seem the correct representation.
A nearer inspection, however, tells us that those pro-
ductions remarkable for the majesty of the positions,
the grace and variety of the details, belong to Hungre,
Magnier, Le Regnandeir, Baptiste .ruby, P. Le Gros,
Racn, or some other artist, to whose name and fame we
are equally strangers. Napoleon was not so successful
as Louis XIV. The works of his secondary artists
possessed neither the intrinsic merit nor fine ap-
pearance of those of Martin, Raon, Jubez, and
others ; he was, however, obliged to accept such
productions, which were butt poor ornaments for his
imperial castles. It is true the defects of those
works were not always discriminated by a man whose
knowledge of the art was -rather limited, equally unable
to appreciate the distinguishing beauties of the Sabrina,
or the splendid colouring of the plague of Jaffe, the battles
of Aboukir and Nazareth. He was more engrossed with
the subject than the style or tone of the painting, and
providing the artist was faithful in recording historical
truth in the material part of the details, he cared little
about the truth of the colouring, the grandeur or simpli-
city of the composition. The King bad undertaken a
mighty task, and expedition was necessary, that time
might remain for other important works, such as the
completing of the Louvre, which, we trust, his Majesty
will execute in spite of the narrow-minded feeling of poli-
tical approbation so unjustly raised against an under-
taking worthy of a Prince, the enlightened patron of
civil institutions. ARTHUR DAVITT,
Professor of Modern Literature.

(From the Herald.)
We believe the following statement may be relied
upon;—llea Majesty desired Sir Robert Peel to wait
upon her on Saturday, for the purpose of finally taking
leave of her Majesty. Sir Robert Peel repaired accord-
ingly to Windsor, and on his arrival was informed by
her Majesty that Lord John Russell, after' having un-
dertaktn to form a Government, had failed in accom-
plishing that task ; and that her Majesty must therefore
express her desire that Sir Robert Peel would not abandon
her service. Sir Robert Peel informed her Majesty that,
Just previously w his quitting London, he had received
the intelligence of Lord John Russell's failure ; and that,
havingh reason to believe that those of his esileagues who
ad differed from him were not prepared to form a
Government, and considering that Lord John Russell
was unable to ferra one, he had resolved, without a mu-
merit's "itatiol; to withdraw his tender of resignation,
to resume office, and to
propose to Parliament those
weAsures which the exigencies of the public service
might require.
Trl E LATE HIGH TIDE.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
TZESPi CTED FRIEND,—From reading the distressing
aee' uats of the destitution to which some families are
reduced
,in the neighbourhood of Lambeth, in conse-
quer,ce of the high tide of the Thames, particularly that
of a pour. pipe maker, I take the liberty of sending the
small inclosed sum, thinking perhaps thou would have
sn opportunity of forwarding it, and that perhaps some
of thy considerate readers may be .led to do the same,
and thus afford theta some comfort and relief, .partieu-
larly at this season, which Christians are about to cele.
brae-, viz., the advent of Him, who told os, "Give, and
it shall he given unto you. Good measure, pressed down
and :halter' together, and runninpover, shall men give
into yeur bosom ; for with the same measure that ye
mete it shall be measured to you again."--Thine re-
ipectfuily, A CONSTANT READER.
Sheltirld, 12mo; 19, 1845.
[We have received With this half a sovereign, which
we will forward to the Police Magistrates at the Lambeth-
officp, who appear to have taken an interest in the case.
—lgo. Sun.]

LARGEST FACTORY BUILDING IN THE WORLD.
The central part of the Portsmouth (American) steam fac-
tory, which is 204 feet long, is now two-thirds up, and,
should tke weather continue favourable, will be covered
built in the set:•iiintg.,
before Christmas. The eastern wing, of 150 feet, will be
and the western wing, of 150 feet, will
part is to be six
probably be
storiesut the course of next year. The centre
l high, the wings five stories. Height
of the lower story feet, of the other stories 12 feet. The
length of the front will be
f 0504 feet, or about a tenth of a
mile. There will be acres of flooring in the Ports-
mouthtendedr 100 w
factory. Number of sari 0,0000; number of ope-
ratives 1,200 to 1,500. In the rear 5t
parallel buildings,
two stories high, will be ex
; and between
the chimney,
the boiler-
junction of the main building with the w feet back from the
those buildings, 50 feet from the main structure,in_s
hoase is to be erected. The foundation
which is to be 140 feet high, is laid, and isn
erection. A gentleman who has been travelling the
progress of
year in pursuit of information respecting manufacturingeest
esta-
blishments, and who has visited more than a thousand fac"
tories, informs us that the largest factory building he has
seen or heard of is at Manchester in this state, which is 440
feet in length. There is no factory in England to compare
with it for sat —Portsmouth Journal.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
COURT CB CHANCERY, Dcc. 20.
The LORD CHANCELLOR sat to-day in the Old Hall,
Lincoln's Inn, for the purpose of hearing unopposed
lunatic petitions.

JUDGMENTS.
His LORDSHIP on taking his seat stated, that as there
were several cases in which he had to give judg-
ment, it was his intention to dispose of all those cases
early in the next term

IN TUE MATTER OF DYCE SOMBRE.
This case came before the Court upon the petition of
the trustees of the marriage settlement of Mrs. Dyce
Sombre, praying that they might be at liberty to sell
certain new shares in the G reatWesternßailway Company,
and also in the Landon and Birmingham Railway Com-
pany. It appeared that part of the property of the lu-
natic, under the marriage settlement, had been invested
in railway shares, and among the companies in which
that property was invested were the London and Bir-
mingham and the Great Western Railways. New shares
had been allotted in each of those Companies to the
trustees of the lunatic's marriage settlement—in the
fmner 77 shares, and in the latter 280 shares. Mrs.
llyce Sombre had advanced to the trustees the
sum sufficient to pay the deposits on those
shares, and as they might now he sold at a
premium, which would realise 4,3661., the present
petition had been presented for the leave of the Court to
sell them, and to repay to Mrs. Dyce Sombre the amount
she had advanced.

The LORD CHANCELLOR made the order, observing
that it was a profitable transaction for the estate of the
Lunatic.

MATTHEWS V. BRIBE.
His Loansaw stated that he had read the correspon-
dence in the case, and that after that perusal he did not
see any reason to alter the judgment he gate on Sa-
turday.

WRIT OF NC •XIAT REGNO.
Mr. JAMES PARKER applied to his. Lordship to hear,
on an early day, an application for a writ of ne exeat
regno against a person he did not name. A writ of ne
exeat regno had been issued, but the Vice-Chancellor of
England, upon an application made to him for that pur-
pose on Saturday, discharged the writ, and it therefore
became necessary to make an application for another
writ to his Lordship. The Learned Counsel trusted, if
it was convenient, that his Lordship would hear the mo-
tion to-morrow.

The Loan CHANCELLOR—I cannot hear it to-morrow,
as I shall be out of town.
Mr. J. PARKER trusted his Lordship would name an
early day, as the matter was of great importunce.
The LORD CHANCELLOR said he should be in town on
Tuesday week, for the prorogation of Parliament, and
he would hear the motion on that day, at hie house in
George-street, at eleven o'clock.
His LORDSHIP, after disposing of all the unopposed
lunatic petitions in his paper, rose shortly before two
o'clock.

ROLLS' COURT, Dec. 22.
The Court was occupied during the greater portion
of the day in hearing unopposed petitions, none of
which possessed any public interest.

EX PARTE COTTON.
This was a petition, in which the petitioners, Messrs.
Cotton, solicitors, of No. 4, Lothbury, applied to the
Court under the following circumstances :—lt appeared
that the petitioners had had a ccnference with Mr.
Tinley, a barrister of the Court, and tendered the de-
fendant, Mr. Lewis (Mr. Tinney's clerk), a tee-pound
note, desiring him to deduct 21. 75., which gave 2L 2s.
for the counsel, and ss. for the defendant, but that the
defendant retained 2/. 9s. 6d., alleging that he was en-
titled to 7s. 6d.

Mr. J. Corron (one of the petitioners) said that he had
been induced to appear in person before his Lordship,
in consequence of not having been able to procure the
assistance of counsel, who had refused to act under the
circumstances. He further stated that the petition was
presented to the Court from a conviction that the con-
duct of the defendant was opposed to the views of the
Court, as laid down by the answer given by Lord Cot-
teuham in his Lordship's reply to a question from
the incorporated body of solicitors in 1841, to the
effect that they considered five shillings was a
sufficient fee to the clerk. He had applied to
Mr. Tinney, who had refused to interfere in the matter,
and he then summoned the defendant before the Court
of Requests for the recovery of the money, when the
Learned Barrister who presided in that Court stated
that the case was without hie jurisdiction, and he sub-
sequently brought him up to Bow-street, when the Ma-
gistrate expressed himself to the same effect. Under
these circumstances, he conceived the only alternative
left him was to appeal to that Court. Before concluding,
he deemed it just to the defendant to state that the de-
fendant had offered to return what was alleged to be an
overcharge, which they (the petitioners) would not ac-
cept, and that he he had filed an affidavit.
The MASTER OF THE ROLLS expressed his wish to see
the affidavit.

Mr. COTTON read the affidavit, which stated that the
charge the defendant had made was what was usually
given in these cases, and contained three letters from six
most eminent solicitors, stating that his charge was only
what had been usually given.
Mr. Tuariza appeared for the defendant, and con-
tended that the case was without the jurisdiction of the
Court, that there was no order of the Court on the sub-
ject, and that the defendant was justified in making the
charge he did in conformity with the practice on such
occasions, laying great stress on the offer that had been
made by his client to return what the petitioner alleged
to be an overcharge, as well as a remuneration for the
trouble to which he had been put, and concluded by
calling on his Lordship to dismiss the petition with costs.
Mr. COTTON replied at some length.
His LORDSHIP said that this was a very important
case for the profession, and before making any decision
he would consult with the other Judges, and with re-
ference to the opinion that had been expressed by the
Lord Chancellor and himself (Lord Langdale) then, it
was four years before any answer had been given to the
question that had been put to them by the body alluded
to, from the difficulty that existed in recognising any
fees to lawyers' clerks at all. If he acted upon his im-
pression of the merits of the case, he should make an
order in conformity with the petitioner's application, but
he did not feel justified in adopting that course. He
would consult his Learned Brethren, as he had already
stated, and wished to have the affidavits handed in.

VICE-CHANCELLOR'S COURT, Dec. 22.
(Before the VICE-CHANCELLOR Of ENGLAND.)
His Honour the Vice-Chancellor of England took
motions to-day.

HILL v. BEGBIE.

This case came before the Court upon motion for a
receiver of the real and personal property of as eccentric
old lady deceased, named Senhouse. From the state-
ments of the Learned Counsel who made the application
it appeared that Mr. Hill, the plaintiff, who was the
proprietor of the Ship Hotel, at Charing-cross, was a
creditor of the late Mrs. Senhouse to the extent of up-
wards of 7001, that he had brought an action
against her for the amount, and that before he
had obtained judgment against her Mrs. Senhouse died.
By her will she left several legacies to the defendant,
who, it appeared, was her domestic and only associate,
and to satisfy those legacies it would require nearly the
whole property left by Mrs. Senhouse, and to whose
estate the defendant had administered. It appeared that
Mrs. Senhouse lived some time since in a freehold house
of hers at Esher, but, in consequence of her being
alarmed, she quitted it and went to live in the Ship
Hotel, where she died. At her decease the defendant
took possession of the whole of her property, and under
these circumstances the present application was made for
a receivier.

The VICE-CRANCELLOR refused the motioc, with costs.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER, Dec. 22.
(Sittings at Nisi Prius in Londor•., before the LORD Clime
BARON and a special jury.)
HEATH r. DIIRRANT.
The Court met at the usual hour this morning end
resumed the hearing of this part-heard case, which arose
out of a disputed policy of insurance effected by the
plaintiff, an African merchant, with the defendant, an
underwriter at Lloyd's, upon a quantity of goods shipped
in 1841, in a Brazilian vessel bound from Monte Video
for the coast of Africa, called the Virtuoso, Maria
Aldine. The vessel in the course of her voyage, as well
as her cargo, was captured by a Portuguese sloop-of-war
and subsequently condemned by tho authorities at !
Lisbon as a vessel intended for the slave-trade, and the
defence set up was, that the goods were not insured
against such an event.

The whole of the day was occupied with evidence
Droving the capture and condemnation of the Virtuosa
Maria Aldina by the Portuguese Government and legal
,ribunals as a slave-trader.

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT.
OLD COURT.
(Before Mr. Commissioner BULLOCK.)

This Court, which was adjourned from Saturday even
ing till yesterday morning, met at ten o'clock for the
purpose of passing sentence on Capt. Gordon.
It will be remembered that the charge against the pri-
soner was for unmercifully flogging a boy., and after-
wards pouring vitriol on his back. The jury utterly
disbelieved that part of the charge which referred to the
vitriol, and were further of opinion that a part of the
flogging the boy received was a w,611-merited punishment,
but the additional dozen which were inflicted after some
time had elapsed from the commission of the offence, '
were unnecessary, and they therefore convicted him on
the second count of the indictment, which charged that
assault.

r Mr. Commissioner BULLOCK seemed to think that the
case was one that did not call for any extent of punish-
ment, and therefore sentenced him to pay a fine of 10/.
io the Queen.
The Counsel for the prosecution and defence both ex-
pressed their opinion that Capt. Gordon left the Court
quite clear of the very grave charge advanced against
him by the boy Scott.
The following is a complete and correct return of the
result of all the cases contained in the calendar cf the
recent session

The following persons were sentenced to death, and
are left for execution :—Samuel Quennell and Martha
Browning.
Transported for Fifteen Years—Edward Jones, 22,
John Radbone, James Lloyd.
Fcr Fourteen Years—Peter Schmidt, Knut Bull.
For Ten Years—William Harding, Jane Langston,
William Wright, Adolphus Joyce, William Pocock,
Thomas Archer, George Clark, Mary Sweeny, Mary
Cummins, John Williams, alias Stephen Parrott, John
Watson, John Samuels, George Barron, Anne Glaze.
For Seven Years—George Richards, John Francis,
George Hanslip, Andrew Daniels, Henry Mallows,
James Layton, John Self, Charles Rogerson, Richard
Campbell, alias Gitfol d, Charles Beaumont, Thomas
Carsh, John Birch, Charlotte Brown, William Jones,
William Bull, Eliza White, John Edwards, John Pelham,
alias Edward Smith.

The Earl and Countess of Cardigan are entertain-
ing a large 'circle of their fashionable friends at Deene Park..
Northamptonshire. Thei3arty consists of his Royal High-
ness Prince George of Cambridge and the Hon. Captain
Macdonald, the Marquis and Marchioness of Worcester,
Lord and Lady Ernest Bruce, the Hon. Colonel and Mrs.
Ao n
nsoena nd , Mr.o and Mrs. Hubert De Burgh, Viscounts Maid-
stantalu
Ps. Lsrd Adolphus Fitsslarence, Mr.
Knightly, &c. His Hoyal Highness the DuLd of Cambridge
was prevented by indisposition partaking the hospitality of
the Noble

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 23,, 1845.

To be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for Three
Years, and afterwards enter into recognizances for five
years—Thomas Lane, alias Brown, for a nameless offence.
Thefollowing prisonerswere ordered to bekept to hard
labour for Two Years—Samuel Evans, alias Joseph Ede,
William Fletcher, James Tubbs, Edward Thomas Yeakill.
For Eighteen Months—James North, Elizabeth
Clayton. _ _ _

For Twelve Months—John Studd Weeding, James
Farrow, John Babington, Benjamin Brown, Philip
Watson, Thomas Hore, George Rose. John Pratt, Sa-
muel Arnold, William Brand, Anne Morgan, Samuel
Perkins, William Coachman, Caroline Cummins, James
Perry, Richard Fensom.

For Nine Months—Anne Burley, J Stevens, 19,
Henry Kent, Dennis Driscoll, Henry Cook, John Brown,
Robert Sawyer, William Smith, 25.
For Six Months—Dennis Downey, Patrick Bowlan,
Mary Woodland, James Brown, Thomas Jones, John
Barham Salter, John White, 28, James Mackgready,
Anne Mitchell, George Thompson, Thomas Rafferty,
!Mary Anne Salter, James Mapp, Richard Pheby, Mar-
garet Carroll, Henry Holman, John White, 25, Francis
Allen, William Nunn, John Robinson, Wrn. Davison,
George Jefferies, William Matton, Lewis Moses, John
Ainsworth, Richard Fairchild, Hannah Lloyd, John
Stanley, William Thompson, alias M`Bean, alias Wil-
liams, alias M`Dernpsey, Rosetta Scudamore, Thomas
Appleford, George Whitten, William Chilton, Frederick
Turton, Edward Ward, Frederick Howard.
For Four Months—Catherine Warwick, Margaret
Coleman, Timothy Davis, George Western, Robert
Graves, John Hickman, John Webster, Sarah Hoare.
For Three Months—Henry Sherwin, Mary Ferguson,
John Lee, William Swayne, Eliza Daniels, Emma Wil-
son, James Sullivan, James Foley, George Blarney,
Thomas Richards, Anne Godbeer, James Burlington,
Alfred Hayward, James Chissell, Susanna Stacey, Eliza-
beth Roberts, Henry Lewis, William M`Carthy, James
Briggs, James Morgan, Richard Allwav,
Thompson, Willam Smith, 19, Thomas Poky, John
Sullivan, 15.
__ _

For Two Months—Caroline Tagg, Daniel Tailing,
James Keeming, Elizabeth Sear•.

nearly a gallon of boiling water, from the fire, and hurled
it at her with all his force through a slass partition which
divided the parlour from the shop. After passim over
the heads of two children who were lying able, p imn;e-
diatt-ly under the partition, and whose bed v% as ~m-pletely
pletely saturated with the scalding fluid that escaped
during its progress, the ponderous missile struck against
the counter within an inch of the spot where she was
standing; and a policeman, who had been attracted by
the disturbance, immediately secured the prisoner, and
conveyed him to the station-house.

Police-constable 11 103 corroborated the latter part of
the comp'ainant'i evidence, and stated that during the
three months that he had been on the beat the prisoner
had been in a constant state of intoxication, and that his
brutal and inhuman conduct towards his unfortunate
wife had excited the indignation and disgust of the whole
neighbourhood.

For One Month—Henry Cook, Edward Gamble, Wil-
liam Carman, Rosina Eliza Waite (in Newgate), Wil-
liam Sutton, John Webb, Charles Turner, William Smith,
17, Henry Collins.
The bills against the following persons were ignored
by the grand jury :—William Hide, John Holmes, Adam
Hay, Isaac King, William Dunmow.
Acquitted by the petty jury—William Lawson, James
Buckley, Charles Cushion, Oliver Hauslip, Charles
Yates, James Phillips, 21. John Ponds., 'William
Knife, Mary Maloy, Mary Anne Barnett, Henry Ed-
wards, Mary Tagnor, George Ralph, Frederick Green-
wood, Daniel Cruikshank, Richard Lambert, James
Barnes, Benjamin Budgen, Utting Maboon, Joseph
Valentine, Joseph Reddington, George Carroll, Henry
Pollock, Ellen Frank, Catherine Speed, William Powell,
John Cummins, Bridget Lloyd, George Whittington,
John Wood, Caroline Johnson, Timothy Iredale,
William Hoare, Richard Ruff, George Roach Maiah,
James M'Clutchell, Charles Potter, Bridget Plant.
Acquitted on the ground of Insanity—Eliza Huntsman.
Remanded till next Sesion—George John Ford,
Henry Spicer, Frederick Bilnyon.
The Court, at the close of the business, adjourned
until Monday, Jan. 5.

(5a being asked if he wished to make any answer to
the charge, the prisoner, in a surly, growling tone,
declined saying anything.
Mr. BROUGHTON, after a severe and suitable admoni-
tion, ordered the prisoner to pay a fine of 51., or to
undergo two months' imprisonment, with hard labour, in
the House of Correction ; in addition to which, he re-
quired him to find substantial bail to keep the peace for
three months, with twenty-four hours' notice to ascer-
tain its sufficiency.
MARLBORO UGH-STREET
John Morgan, a young man decently dressed, was
charged with the following daring robbery :
William Wallis, shopman to Messrs. Hodges and
Scott, of No. 2, New Bond-street, hosiers and glovers,
stated that on Saturday evening, as he was sitting at tea
in the parlour, behind the shop, he heard the door open,
and en rising up saw a man he believed to be the pri-
soner, standing in the shop behind a screen on which
goods are placed for show. The man had in his hand a
pile of pieces of silk handkerchiefs, about eighteen inches
in height, which he had taken from a sideboard in the
shop. As witness was going into the shop the pile of
handkerchiefs broke in the centre, and fell strewed upon
the• fLor. The man ran into the street, and witness pur-
sued him, calling " Stop thief." The man turned into
Stafford-street, and witness lost sight of him for a few
seconds. On reaching Dover-street, he found the pri-
soner in custody.
Mr. MALTBY—You believe the prisoner to be the per-
son you saw in your employer's shop ?
Witness—l do. I have not the slightest doubt but
that he is the same man. The pile contained 20 or 25
pieces of handkerchiefs, of the value of from 251 to 301.
James Simmons, police constable No. 115 of the C
division, stated, that while on duty in Dover-street, he
heard the cry of " Stop thief," and saw the prisoner
come running out of Stafford-street. On reaching a
dark part of the street, the prisoner crossed the way,
and walked leisurely in an opposite direction to that in
which he had been running. Witness took him into
custody, when he said he had heard the cry of " Stop
thief," and was running after the thief. No person ran
from Stafford street before him.

The prisoner said he was quite innocent ; he was a
respectable man, and the police knew nothing against his
ch arav ter.

He Was remanded until Wednesday next.

CORN-LAW DIVISIONS.
(From the Glasgow Constitutional)
In the belief that, at a moment like this, when the
corn-laws are the all-engrossing topic of political in-
terest, a sketch of the recent history of the legislative
discussion of the question will be not without interest to
our readers—we have comp:led the following chrono-
logical summary of the chief divisions which have taken
place upon the subject in either House of Parliament
during the last twelve years. We begin with the Par-
liament of 1833 as being the first which was elected
under the provisions of the Reform' Act.
1833.
May 14.—Earl Fitzwilliarn's resolutions for the revi-
sion of the corn-laws, with a view to their repeal, were
negatived, seriatim, without a division.
May 17.—Mr. Whitmore's motion for an alteration in
the principle of the corn-laws, to one of a moderate fixed
duty, was negatived by 305 to 106 ; majority 199.
June 17.—Mr. Fryer's motion for ieave to bring in a
Bill to alter the Corn Act of 1828, with the view of
admitting colonial grain free of duty, was negatived by
72 to 47; majority 25.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
BOW-STREET.
A ragged old man, who gets a scanty living for him-
self, his wife, and several children, by selling fruit in
the street, was charged by policeman E 129, with caus-
ing an obstruction in the carriage-way in Holborn, by
standing there with his basket and exposing fruit for
sale.

The policeman stated that he saw the prisoner in
Holborn on Sunday evenit g selling fruit, and " after
w-:ruing him several times" took him into custody.
Mr. HALL asked witness if it was on the footway ?
Witness replied that it was not.
Mr. HALL—Then he was not causing any obstruction.
The Chief Clerk observed that the charge was for
" obstructing the carriage-way."
Mr. HALL said, that he was very unwilling to punish
any person for selling fruit in the street when they did
not interfere with the passengers, as they had no re-
source but to get an honest living in that manner, or to
live by theft. It appeared that the prisoner was
in fact doing no harm, for he could create no serious ob-
struction in the carriage-way.
The policeman said that several of the inhabitants had
made complaints to him. •
Mr. HALL said, that he made it a rule not to listen to
statements of " complaints of inhabitants." If inhabi-
tants came to this court to make their statements on
oath, he (Mr. Hall) would be able to judge of what in-
juries they really sustained, but in making their com-
plaints to the police, they were generally influenced by
mean and selfish motives, as such persons as the prisoner
took away a great part of their trade. He (Mr. Hall)
should therefore discharge the prisoner, and would re-
commend him to be very careful to avoid creating any
obstruction, and then no one could interfere with him.
The prisoner was according discharged, and his basket
returned to him.

CLERICEN WELL.
EXTRAORDINARY CASE.—William Willoks, a genteel-
ooking young man, was placed at the bar before Mr.
Greenwood, charged with burglary under very remark-
able circumstances.
On the night of the 22d of November last, the pre-
mises of Messrs. Walker, surgeons, of St. John's-street,
and of those adjoining, occupied by Mrs. Neil, a mill-
maker, were broken into, and plundered of considerable
property. A few days afterwards a man named North
was apprehended on suspicion of being concerned in the
depredation, and on his examination at this Court it
appeared that the ground of suspicion against him
was an admission made by him to a pot companion,
that he had been concerned in the robbery, and that a
watch, which had been stolen, had been offered for sale
for 51. He underwent three examinations, and at
ea he asserted his innocence, observing, in ex-
planation, that what he had said was merely by
way of joke, and eventually the charge was withdrawn.
When, however, he was taken into custody, five pieces
of counterfeit coin were found in his possession, for
which offence he was committed to Newgate for trial.
From the day of the robbery up to the present time the
neighbourhood of Clerkenwell and Islington have been
kept in much excitement and nightly terror, in the belief
that there was an organised band of burglars in one of
those districts, in consequence of the very ingenious and
daring robberies that were effected on Messrs. Walker
and Mrs. Neil, thief or thieves having taken from the
drawing-room of one of the gentlemen, while he was
asleep, a gold watch, and from the chamber of the latter
a cash-box, which was opened by force on the premises,
and emptied of its contents, amounting to between 91.
and 10/. and then thrust through the window of the
counting-house. Happily, however, the mystery sur-
rounding the case was this day cleared up, and the fol-
lowing evidence was given against Bo prisoner :
Police-constable Moss, 199, of the G division, stated
that at a quarter-past four o'clock on that same morning he
saw him coining out of Mitre-court, St. John's-street,
which leads to the back of the prosecutor's premises. He
questioned him, and finding his answers very unsatis-
factory, he searched him, and found a screw-driver,
some congreves, a candle, three door-keys, and two
bunches of keys, which induced him to take the accused
into custody. Having ascertained the prisoner's address,
the constable proceeded thither, and called up the pro-
prietor of the house, who at once admitted that the pri-
soner was his lodger, but protested that he was then in
bed. An explanation followed, and, on the landlord en-
tering the prisoner's bed-room, he perceived he was mis-
taken. A search was then made of the prisoner's boxes,
wherein was discovered the duplicate of a gold watch
belonging to one of the Messrs. Walker, and also a
bunch of keys, their property.
The watch was produced by a pawnbroker, with
whom it was pledged for 51, on the day after the robbery.
Mr. Walker identified it as well as the keys.
The foreman of Mrs. Neil identified the screw-driver
that was in the possession of the accused when appre-
hended.
Prisoner--Is Mrs. Neil here ? The foreman said she
was not.
Mr. GREENWOOD (to the prisoner)—You may say
what you please, but it is my duty to tell you that what-
ever you say will be taken down, and may be used in
evidence against you.
Prisoner (mournfully)—l own that I broke into the
places. I was walking about in distress, without a penny
in my pocket, and a thought struck me that I must get
some money by some means. I was then by the court.,
and I went up and got over a shed, and seeing a window
open I entered the house. It was Mr. Walker's and I
took from there the property he lost. I could not go
back in the same manner I came, and I then went further
on, and dropped from a wall into Mrs. Neil's yard, and
I broke in and took the cash-box, that is all."
Mr. GREENWOOD—You asked if Mrs. Neil was here.
If a'ou wish her to be brought forward she shall be.
Prisoner—My object was to question her respecting
the cash box. It has been said that a sum of money was
in it, but I declare that it did not contain one farthing.
Mr. GREENWOOD remanded him until Wednesday next.
In The Sun of Saturday the case of a boy, named
Franks, appeared. The case was remanded for further
inquiry. It will be recollected the prisoner said his
father sent him out to beg. It turned out that such was
not the fact. Mr Franks, who appeared in Court in the
afternoon, is a very respectable man. fie denied that
the prisoner had gone out to beg with his permission ;
in truth, the boy had run away, and he did not know
where he was. The prisoner was consequently dis-
charged. It is only right, in justice to Mr. Franks, to
make this statement.
WORSHIP-STREET.
Mr. Edward Saker, a master butcher in Artillery-
place, Spitalfields, was placed at the bar before Mr.
Broughton, charged with having brutally ill-treated and
endansered the life of his wife, by throwing a lsrge
kett'e filled with boiling water at her head.
It Ili peered from the statement of the', wife, a delicate,
meek-looking woman, that she had been married about
ten years to the prisoner, by whom she had two chil-
dren, during the greater part of which period be had
abandoned himself to the most intemperate habits, and
behaved towards her with systematic harshness and bru-
tality. On returning home in his usual drunken coo
dition a few nights since, he commenced a furious attack
upon her, and seizing her by the throat while in bed,
attempted to strangle her, in which he would in all pro-
bability have succeeded, but for the strenuous interfe-
rence of some of the lodgers, who heard cries of distress,
and opportunely hastened to her rescue. On the pre-
ceding evening, after drinking to excess all the early
part of the day, the prisoner went to bed to sleep off the
'Teets of his debauch, and on her venturing to wake him
to tell him that his supper was ready, he immediately
assailed her with the most abusive and threatening
language, and apprehending her life to be in danger,
she ran into the shop to escape beyond the reach of
his violence. The instant she left the room, however,
the prisoner caught up a large tea-kettle, containing

consider tho operation of the corn-laws, was rejected by
231 to 117; majority 114.

1843

Fibxu.,ry 3.—&r Liv,!
rience of the present corn law had not been such as to
induce him to propose farther change at present. He
had heard nothing to induce him to prefer a fixed duty
to a sliding-scale.
February 17.—Loral Howick's motion for a Committee
on the commercial policy of the country was negatived
by 306 to 191; majority 115. In the course of the
debate, Sir Jamcs Graham said that there was not much
difference of opinion about the principles of free trade;
and England being no longer an agricultural country,
the field of our commerce must be enlarged for the
benefit of the agricultural as well as of the commercial
body; and these, he added, were opinions now recog-
nised by every man of common sense. But then, he
argued, there was the danger of injuring agriculture in
the attempt to relieve manufactures. Mr. Gladstone
(then a Cabinet Minister) admitted that exports would
be increased in a degree corresponding to the relaxation
of restrictions on imports; that if an increased importa-
tion of foreign corn took place, and if that importation
of foreign corn were to be paid for in British goods, it
would be taking a most shortsighted and false view of
the interests of British agriculture to view that importa-
tion of foreign corn as so much displacement of British
agricultural commerce.

—March 14.—Lord Monteagle's motion for a Committee
to inquire into the operation of the existing corn-laws,
was negatived by 250 to 78 ; majority 172.
May 15.—Mr. Villiers's motion for an immediate and
total repeal of the corn-laws, was rejected by 381 to
125; majority 256.
May 19.—Resolutions to serve as a basis for the Ca-
nadian Corn Bill, were carried by 344 to 156; majority
188.

June 2.—The Canadian Corn Bill was read a second
time, by 209 to 109 ; majority, 100.
June 13.—Lord John Russell's motion for a Commit-
tee to cuusi,jer the propriety of a moderate fixed duty
on foreign grain was rejected by 244 to 145 ; majority
99. In the course of the debat,?, Sir Robert Peel said
that the corn-law of 1842 was a compromise, assented
to by the agriculturists, on the understanding that it
was to be maintained; under it prices had been steady;
and he declared his determination of abiding by the
existing law.