The Sun.
London, England, 1845-09-24 00:00:00

fillarniag SAIAt.

whilst doling out a tardy measure of justice to one section
of the service, on account of their long tenure of the rank now
held by them, it is so hard on the whole body of com-
manders and lieutenants who even in rank are re-
moved, it may be said, but by a single epaulette from
the fortunate objects of the "minute," to be utterly
excluded from it, that we are strongly tempted
to assume it must be within the contemplation of the Ad-
miralty, ere long, to bring forward another " Retirement
List," to include the older and the more distinguished vete-
rans under the rank of post-captains, who may proudly say,
with the Apostle of old, that in the fierce time gone by they
have been "in labours more abundant, in 'battles' more
frequent, in deaths oft . . . . in perils of waters, in
perils of the sea." If the effect of the proposed retirement
scheme were only to remove in the persons of the
older post-captains the otherwise inseparable im-
pediment to the employment of the younger ones, who,
from connexion or interest, have already jumped over
the heads of older and better officers, in the shape of
commanders and first lieutenants, who have seen a great
deal of real service, and earned their experience—aA their
wounds, their honours--and their infirmities in the bard
fighting of the last war,°or hard service upon foreign sta-
tions since, in crazy craft or with short complements of men ;
that which we were disposed to hail as a well-timed and
generous boon to the service, would be, indeed, but an ela-
borate insult on some of the most meritorious ornaments of
their profession. But we cannot liep thinking that this
would be a most illiberal assumption. It is evi-
dent that with sufficient plausibility we might
go beyond it, and infer that the Lords of the
Admiralty meant to justify their present limitation of the re-
tirement list on the trite axiom " that a line must be drawn
somewhere." They might, if they were so minded, reply to
all remonstrance on the subject, " that, admitting the merits
of the petitioners or remonstrants who thought themselves
aggrieved by the exclusion now complained of, yet, if Govern-
ment did not draw the line between post-captains and com-
manders, neither could they between commanders and first
lieutenants, nor between first lieutenants and masters, whose
terms of service, good conduct, &c., were equal." Now, we
look for better things at the hands of Sir GEORGE COCK-
mum, from his personal knowledge and experience of
a profession which boasts no more distinguished
member than himself ; and at those of the Earl
of HADDUNGTON, than whom we do not believe
a more considerate or disinterested servant of the Crown can
be named. " JUSTITIA " must make allowances, we fear, for
the time it takes to apply the screw with effect to such a
seasoned piece of official toughness and insensibility as the
Chancellor of the Exchequer; and he may be assured, fair
and ably stated as his appeal is, that if the First and Second
Lords are essential to a good and beneficial working triumvi-
rate at the Admiralty, the Chancellor of the Exchequer is
the all-indispensable and vivifying element of such a body.
We shall wait a little, therefore, to watch the course of pend-
ing deliberations at Whitehall before we recur to this inte-
resting subject.

The intelligence from Madrid, which is to the 15th, is des-
titute of interest. No business was done on the Bourse during
the 15th.

Several of the Paris journals, and among the rest the
Journal des Debuts, show that during the visit of the Duke
DE Ni soon to the south of France, his Royal Highness had
occasion to listen to other addresses than those of congratula-
tion and flattery. On the 16th the Congress of Wine-growers
held their annual meeting, and seized the opportunity of the
Duke's presence to represent to him the deplorable condition
of the wine trade. A deputation was appointed for the pur-
pose, who stated that the department of the Gironde, though
one of the richest in France, was overwhelmed with mortgage
debts ; that the wine trade in place of improving, was
rapidly declining; that they were reduced to the brink of
ruin, caused chiefly by the suicidal conduct of the Legis-
lature, in prohibiting trade with foreign countries. "At
home," they said, "the returns show that the wine
interests form a melancholy contrast to the general pros-
perity. While foreign countries thus repel our productions,
because they are driven away from our own frontiers by pro-
tecting tariffs which are out of all bounds, the interior legis-
!ation of our country commits the double injustice of exact-
ing enormous imposts from us, and of restricting the con-
sumption of our productions, which alone furnish us the means
of paying them. After having paid for our lands, bearing
vines, a higher impost than is exacted from other lands, our
produce is condemned to support exclusively, from their ori-
gin till the period of their being consumed, fifteen different
indirect imposts, which yield a profit of 1,006 millions to the
state, and 25 millions to the towns. The imports on our pro-
ductions vary, according to circumstances, from 120 to 136
per cent. on the value." This is an enormous amount, and
when the falling off in the trade is taken into account, the
condition of these landed proprietors must indeed be deplora-
ble. The following statements show the great decline which
has taken place in the exports of wine and brandy :

Venezuelan, at 18%; Mexican, at 32%
Stock, at 5.
The Railway Share Market is rather
quotations are annexed.

; and the Equador

flat to-day. The

ONE CLOSING
PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES

Bank Stock

3 per Cent. Consels Annuities 98%% 983
Long Annuities tomireJan.lB6o
Ditto 30 yearn, Jan. 5, 1860 lll 11%
India Stock 268 268
Bank Stock for Account — 213
98

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1845,

" The exportation of wines from the Gironde to Russia, which was
30,000 hectolitres in 1821, 29,000 hectolitres In 1827, and 28,000 hec-
tolitres in 1832, was only 19,000 hectolitres in 1842, and 16,000

in 1844.

The exports to Sweden and Norway, which in 1840, 1841, and
1342, varied between 6,000 and 7,000 hectolitres, fell in 1844 to 3,700
hectolitres.

" The exports to the Hans towns amounted in 1823 to 167,000 ;
1832, 165,000 ; 1833, 238,000 ; 1840, 125,0.J0 ; 1841, 117,000 ; 1842,
89,000 ; 1843, 77,000 ; 1844, 73,000 hectolitres.
" The exports of brandy to Norway, in 1842, were 764.008 litres,
and in 1844 they fell to 85,000 litres. To England the exports In
1842 were 585,000 litres ; in 1844, 219,000 litres.

" Almost everywhere else, as to the United States, the Brazils,
Mexico, and the Spanish American colonies, the result is similar
both in respect to wine and brandy."
His Royal Highness, in reply, lamented the present depres-
sion of the wine trade, and promised to give the subject his
most serious consideration, at the same time informing the
deputation, of which they seemed aware, that any change
depended on the votes of the two Chambers.
The following extract from the Journal des Debats leaves
little doubt that the discussions in the Saxon Chambers
during the present session will possess deep interest for
Germany :
" We perceive, by letters from Dresden, of the 15th instant, that
the events at Leipsic, which excited so lively an agitation through-
out Saxony, will probably be the object of grave deliberations in
the states of that country. Already the preliminary labours of the
Chamber of Deputies show that the Government will meet with a
strong opposition there. It is a matter of notoriety that in Saxony,
as in France under the Restoration, the Chamber of Deputies sends
in a list of candidates for the President's chair, out of which the

Ring makes a choice. Up to the present period, through re- I
spect for the majority, the King has always named a candidate
placed at the head of the list submitted to him by the Chamber of
Deputies. On till occasion the Chamber had chosen, by a plurality
of votes, M. Haase, deputy for Leipsic, and who formed one of the
deputation sent by that city to the King on the late disturbances,
which deputation threw the whole responsibility on the Government
and the military authorities. The King, to manifest his great dissa-
tisfaction at the city of Leipsie and its Deputy, put aside M. Ilaase,
and named M. Braun, who was the second on the list, President. It
so happens that this choice is a great triumph for the Opposition, as M.
Braun is ()nett the most determined adversaries of the Government.
At TouTorrt's on Sunday the Fire per Cents. were done
at 118 f. 15c., and Rothschild's Northern at 345 f. premium.

BUSINESS DONE IN FORI
LONDON STOCK EX
Anglo-Belgian 5
Boulogne and Amiens ll3/4
Bordeaux &Mediterran
Bordeaux and 'l'oulonse
Do. & Cette (Espeleta)
Do. ( Mackenzie's)
Central of Spain ..
Dendre Valley ...... 24
Dutch Rhenish
Dieppe & Paris Junct —
Dijon and Mulhouse
East Indian
Grt Northern of France
(Laffitte's) f. 7
Ditto (Rosamel's) :33/4
Do. (Le Boeuf )
Do. Peppin Ia Halleur --
Great Paris and Lyons. T. 1,8
Great Western Bengal %
Jamaica Junction
Do. North Midland —
Jersey
Louvain and Jemeppe 5
Lyons and Avignon —
Luxembourg

'SIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
.CHANGE, SErr. 22.
Namur and Liege
Orleans and Vierzon
Orleans and Bordeaux
Over Yssel
Paris& Lyons (Lafitte)
Ditto (Ganneron's).
Ditto (Calon's)....
Paris and Orleans
Paris and Rouen
Paris and Strasburg
(Ganneron's)...
Do. (Compte de L'Est)
Paris and St. Quentin.
Rouen and Havre
Royal North of Spain
Sambre and Meuse
Strasbourg and Basle
Tournay,Jurbise, Lan-
dent, and Hasselt
Tours and Nantes
(WE en.zie's)
Do. (Lefebvre's)
Verona and Ancona....
West Flanders .

THE OVERLAND :MAIL.

By the present an ival we have intelligence from China to
the 12th June, Calcutta August 7, Madras August 14th,
and Bombay August 6th. It is of little importance. The
state of the Punjaub remains the same—and the whole of
India remained perfectly tranquil. Sir henry Ilardinge still
remained quiet at Calcutta, carrying out plans for the edu-
cation of the natives, and the improvement of the country.
Never was there such a peaceful Goveinor-General as this
active soldier, who had mixed in so many battles, and dis-
tinguished himself in almost every engagement. It was said
be might probably leave Calcutta about the 25th of Septem-
ber, on a visit to the district of Lahore. The news from
China is without interest. Exchange at Calcutta was 1 11
to 1 114 for ten monthr.

We are so far from thinking lightly of what the Admiralty
have done within the last twelve months to repair the de-
fective condition of her MAJESTT'S navy, and to introduce
sound improvements into some of the most important
details of the service, that our desire is rather to ex-
press our gratitude for the zeal and earnestness with
which they have applied themselves to a vigilant and
assiduous administration of all duties of their depart-
ment. This gratitude, however, 'is not unmixed with a
confident hope that the scope of the Board's exertions
will be yet very considerably enlarged; and allowing, as all
aus must do, for the consumption of time inseparable from
the necessity of replacing the whole, or parts only, of the
extensive action of an inefficient but complicated system, by
new machinery and a more intelligent direction of it; we still

COURT CIRCULAR.

98% .• 00000 ••••••••
47

The Queen and Prince Albeit took a drive in a pony car-
riage on Monday afternoon.
Lord Byron, Lord iu Waiting to her Majesty, took his de-
parture from Osborne House yesterday.
The Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, the Princess Royal,
and the Princess Alice, walked on the sea-beach yesterday
morning. The juvenile Royal Family were taken a carriage
drive on Monday afternoon.
Her Majesty and the Prince walked yesterday forenoon in
the pleasure-grounds of Osborne House.
Count de Reventlow, the Danish Minister, transacted busi-
ness yesterday at the Foreign-office.
Lord Stanley has left Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire, the
seat of the Duke of Bedford, for Knowsley Hall, Lancashire.
Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-offic3,
from the Governor of Van Diemen's Land.
Mr. Murphy, the Mexican Minister, transacted business
yesterday at the Office of the Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs.
The Countess of Ducie left Farrance's Hotel, Belgrave-
street, yesterday, for Sherborne Castle, Gloucestershire.

hope to see such further demands on the attention and
labours of the Board, as are connected with objects
of primary, of vital consequence, attended to—with a
promptitude unrelaxed by the extent and duration
of former exertions. But vast as is the responsibility
attaching to the manifold duties of the service they preside over,
the praise and respect of their fellow-countrymen may well
suffice as adequate inducement to any amount of increased
efforts on their part to consolidate the strength, uphold the
efficiency, and renew and concentrate the vital energies of our
maritime power. We concur, therefore, with our correspon-
dent " Juiscrma," in appealing to the Admiralty "to go on
with the good work which they have so boldly begun."
To this end no influence can be so advantageously
brought to act upon them, or upon any branch of theExecu-
ttve, as that of public opinion. In our own columns that
opinion is to be collected from no inconsiderable variety of
correspondents, on whose communication., from time to time,
we crave leave to offer such comments as they suggest to us.
Among these; we know of none
„ more opportune, just now,
than the letter of N harm on the " Naval Retirement."
It relates to a topic the importance . and bearings of which on
the highest interests of the empoire it is impossible to ex-
aggerate—difficult suffiofcieonffiticeyrst
inapopreciate.
it lise
arrays
tahli:s
feeling of the body The moral
oaftwthhneoe
branches of the public service
grlmth:fatil
indispensable consequence to preservow7
Now, the retirement
and vital condition.
we observed when it was first promulgated thatlitt.ahewphriinch-
ciple appeared to us highly beneficial, excludes,
" commanders and lieutenants ;" and our aorresponi.7nptear"e,
marks that, in many cases, the claims of officers of these
classes are pre-eminently superior to those of their superiors
in rank. This we can well imagine; and it is, indeed, an
aggravation of the hardship of such exclusion, that not a
word has been said of individuals of these classes, " either in
the way of promise that their case shall likewise meet
with due consideration now, or at some future period,

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
(From The Sun of Last Night.)
The market for Cotton at Liverpool yesterday was very
quiet. The sales were only about 3,000 bags, of which specu-
lators took 500. There was no change in prices; 200 Maran-
ham realised 5%d. to 6d.; 100 Pernam, 61/2d. to 634 d. ; 100
Egyptian, 7%d. ; 300 Surat, 31/Bd. to 3%c1., and the rest
American at 31/2d. to 43/4d. per lb.—Shares were good, and
there was a steady demand fur Railway Stock.
There are accounts of May 6 from Hobart Town, Van
Dieman's Land, but they furnish very little information on
subjects of general interest. The colony was progressing in
its industrial resources, and the leading and most seneus
matter of complaint among the Van Dieman's Land people
seems to be the excess of the convict population, which was
become dangerous alike to the morality and tranquillity of
the island.
A considerable increase has lately taken place in the trade
between the Madeiras and this country, and some fine vessels
are about being fitted out to convey the produce of that rich
island to this country. The brig Dart, now in the London
Docks, was inspected by a party of scientific men on Satur-
day, and pronounced to be most suitable for the con-
Ns-ea)i-lainngcequonaoifitieprnsroduce, as well as most safe and easy
elusion of otherihdas\b'
for invalids. inavailids. The Dart is of 242 tons hurtful'. She
ileavY weathe eipnobtodaylo,neubitehen
considered to
I equally important, that of enctooaluntilteeriehnxeg-r
any
weather,
y. of motion, and being always dry oa
sengers, enabling
deck in
quarter deck.
rooms, ladies' them at
conducive to the comfort of pas-
and dinin
able, and preferabeleeirYn eery airy, combining gmerdations consist of separate state
emr,l7ornrest(wthe latter 24 feet long), very
Her
accost all times to remain on her long
noise, vapour, and often crOwdaepdese
The Consol market has been rather
98% % for Money, and 98% for thn Aeavy
bil!s are also lower. India Stock irunt.
Annuities are at 11%. state
to invalids to the
make a sea voyage agree-
atepf steam-packets. motion,
this morning, at
Exchequer-
at 268, and Long
In the Foreign Stocks the most material fluctuations have
been in Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., which have been
sold as low as 593(; they are now 604. The Portuguese
Four per Ceuta. have bees Arad st 59% ; Colonatriwa awl

or even a word of consolation to the effect that they
are not wholly tbrgotten." The silence complaimed:of in
ibis minute of retirement is neither alight in its degree, not
other than practical in its operation. The preamble or rocita
of the list itself remains on record as a most honourable, but
well-merited tribute to the bravery and the deserts of the
veteran capteinv ia whom Amur it has bow prepared. But

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 24, 1845.

The Endymion, 44, advance frigate, was taken into No. 5
Dock on Friday to have her bottom examined' and cleaned.
The Dee steam-transport, Master-Commander Driver, left
on Friday for Dublin with the remainder of the 49th.
The Pest onjee Bomanjee transport put into this port on
Thursday night in consequence of foul weather, She is
bound to Hobart Town with convicts from the river
The Goodwill navy lighter, Pledge master, sailed-on Fri-
day with stores for Portsmouth. _ _

The Heroine, 6, Commander Edmunds, is nearly ready for
sea. Lieutenant A. G. Glasscott (1841), and Mr. Horatio
Nelson, mate (1844), are the last appointments to her.
The Jackal and Bloodhound steamers are to have another
trial of their sea-going qualities this week, before being
trusted on a foreign station.
The Daring, 12, is ordered to Portsmouth, to complete the
repair of her defects.
The defects of the Experimental Squadron have been " re-
ported," and are being repaired as expeditiously as possible,
in order to get the ships to sea again without delay.
Rear-Admiral Hyde Parker has left in the Rattler steam-
sloop, Commander Smith, for the seat of his duties, the dock-
yard, Portsmouth.

NEAPOLITAN NEW TARIFF.
By a royal decree bearing date the 18th, and published on
the 29th of August, the duties on and sundry colonial
articles have been reduced nearly 60 per cent , a reduction
most important to trade, particularly as indicative of a
change in the measures which the Neapolitan Government
has so obstinately clung to from time immemorial.
It is said the King is determined not to continue in the old
courses, and that now, by the new treaty concluded with
England, he is at liberty to do as he pleaces, and that we shall
see great changes in these matters. So it is that the example
of England, based on broad and liberal principles of commer-
cial policy, sheds its beneficial influence over all connected
with her. We doubt not that these new measures will greatly
increase trade, and benefit the poor consumers of Naples,
who have hitherto been squeezed—for what ?To benefit the
smugglers, who it is well known in that country have long
ruled the roast to the detriment of every body else—the King
at the head of them. To England the great importance of the
fish trade with Naples is well known, and we shall pro-
bably be the first to benefit by the change—as we ought.
Nor is this all : in Sicily, this month, the King took off
the export duty on sulphur, which made such a noise some
time ago, and which was said to give employment to 200
or 400 British ships in the season ; this, no doubt, will now
return to its former importance. The charges, too, in the
Porto Franco of Messina, have been very largely reduced or
abolished ; and to the Maltese this will be a great facility.
Who could have looked for such things from Naples some

time ago?
This is afair subject of triumph to Peel's Government, for
the perseverance which they have been so long working
on these matters.

The following is a translation of the decree:—
" Ferdinand 11., by the grace of God, King of the kingdom
of the two Sicilies, of Jerusalem, &c., Duke of Parma, Phicenza,
Castro, &c. &c., Grand Hereditary Prince of Tuscany, &c. &c.
" Having examined the Custom-house tariff of the 30th
of November, 1824:
" Having examined the decree of the 21st of August, 1826,
whereby for the dominions beyond the Faro only an extra
consumption duty was imposed upon colonials, dried and
salt fish :
" Being desirous upon sundry of the articles aforesaid, and
upon others, to alleviate the burden of duty which, falling
heavily upon the condition of the consumers, does not, from
the altered circumstances of the times, benefit the interests
and industry of the kingdom :
" Upon the proposition of our Minister the Secretary of
State for the Finances, having taken the opinion of our ordi-
nary Secretary of State,
"We have resolved upon decreeing and do decree as fol-
lows :
"Art. 1. For the articles hereunder indicated, some of
which were burthened by extra duty imposed by the afore-
mentioned decree of the 21st August, 1826, such imposed
duty as aforesaid shall, as relates to them, be abolished, but
it shall continue to be levied on the articles not enumerated
in the present decree.
"Art. 2. Dating from the publication of this sovereign
enactment, a Custom-house duty upon the admission from
abroad of the articles hereafter enumerated shall be levied, as
mentioned against each other, namely :
New duties. Old ditties.

Herrings, dry and in brine, the gross
or lardo Cantaro:Duc 5 51
Cod Fish do. do. the Cantaro ..... 3 20 5 67
Cocoa of every description, id 8 12
Coffee of every kind, id l2 24 75
Camphor, raw, id
Camphor, refined, the Rot010
Cinnamon in sorts, id
Cinnamon called Queen's, malts or
clove, id
Cassia Lignea of every kind, the
Cantaro
Cinnamon Buds, the Rotolo
Cloves and Clove Stalks, the Can-
t
taro
Syrup of Sugar and of any other
material, id.
Nutmeg Lagrime, the Rotolo — 80 1 54
Nutmegs, id.
Oil of Cinnamon, id 8 17 20
Oil of Cloves, id.... 1 50 3 84
Pepper of every description, the

- 40

30 -
- 10

50 -

- 29

Cintaro
Pilchards, dried or pickled (Sa-
lacche), the gross, or lordo Can-
taro

56 -

8 25

VISIT TO A PRIVATE ASYLUM
FOR THE INSANE OF THE HIGHER CLASSES.
(From Chambers's Edin'urgh Journal.)
When lately in London, we received an invitation to dine
at Wykehouse, near Brentford, with Dr. and Mrs.
Costello and their patients. What would the " Man of
Feeling," who wrote a sentimental description of the
horrors of Bedlam sixty years ago, with its ferocious
maniacs, and more ferocious keepers—its cells, and straw, and
chains, and scourges—have said to such an invitation! In
one of the richest and most beautiful vicinages of London,
about a mile up the bill from Sion House, shaded and dig-
nified by oaks, ancient elms, and blooming horse-chestnut.,
and adorned by shrubbery, flower-bed, and general vernal
verdure, we found Wykehouse, a seat of the Earl of Jersey,
and rented by Dr. Costello, as an establishment for the safety
and cure of the richer insane. The bell at the gate was an-
swered by a servant, who conducted us to the house through
a perfect flush of lilacs, laburnums, rhododendrons, and
flowering shrubs of all descriptions ; and, as one symptom of
the safety-of the place, we met a nurse carrying an infant, a

child of flie doctor's.
As the family had begun dinner, we were introduced at
once to the dining-room, in which sat at table the master aid
mistress of the house, with eight gentlemen, all patients.
We were cordially received by cur host and his lady, and
introduced to the rest of the company, who rose to welcome
us. During the meal, we were the objects of much polite
attention. Each individual seemed to wish to take his
share of the duty of dispensing hospitalities; offering
the condiments, recommending the dish near him,
remarking on the topics of the season and the
day, nd showing much curiosity to hear our
news and ascertain our sentiments. During the time we
were at table, not a word, look, or gesture occurred which
could have raised the slightest suspicion that we were not in
the company of the perfectly sane. One of the patients, a
clergyman, who performs the religious exercises of the house,
including a sermon on Sunday, was asked to return thanks,
which he did with becoming reverence, when the eight gen-
tlemen rose and retired from the table, leaving us with our

.. r
TtrY
no
The penalty ofneglect or delay on this point,wh en not lor°,l or
fatal, will be to reduce the brain, the organ of the illinur' ss.•
ruin, which no effort of skill or kindness can eii-it s
The proper use, therefore of the time for medical t_reos
ment is all important. The period for the moral treatu'eet.
begins only when the first violence of the storm 10; tos
itself. The best authorities on the statistics of the 1
trr.
of cerebral disease assert that it is curable, in the va, the
jority of cases, when the proper means are employed at'
proper time. , sys.
" But where shall we look for such a well orgerused
tern of moral management for the rich and the elev.
as will meet the wants and habits of this class? TI-us te.;::
cos
in fact, the grand desideratum, the difficulty to be ,Pt
vided for. Where are we to find the ever-watchful itineotters
—the considerate forbearance in the discharge of daties,ses
irksome, harassing, and even dangerous—the ready ;'" We
tiveness to suggest new thoughts to cheer and amuse; sick
shall look for them in vain in the crippled resources .., orwhete
objects, in the private lodging or the private familY, wed
the rich man is doomed to solitary confinement in a 11101,,n,..is-
form, and in the dreariness of his isolation, to expiate '-"ser
finnity as if it had been a crime. This is a blotch on tst
civilisation from which our continental neighbours are, to
progress of being freed. With us, alas! it will contins
se
prevail until the apathy, ignorance, and selfish
extensively provide such a doom for fellow-creaturds, ; ill
might still envoy the benefit of superior arrangements', fe• il•
have disappeared, and given place to sounder views gnu
ings on this subject." t of
The author advances a new idea, the voluntary re !A
the "nervous"—those (and they are many) who dres3,ssels
coming disease—to the care and treatment of assr,Sible;
asylum. This the law, as it stands, renders irnr-4,5-t tY
for it requires the certificate of two medical metered," V
pride that.
b°
patient is of unsound mind. This might be a_Os
prevent abuse, the free and voluntary resort witiOt
have its own conditions,; and such patiotLsetie°
be made subject to the inquiries and '_,'"'„er 0
of visiting commissioners, in the same rruw— thei
the others. "But these benefits, important ass ors
are, would not be the sole ones resulting from`
change of the law. The very character of the 0",,,,, to
would be changed. From a prison which it is ei, od
universally regarded, it would become an hospita, tist
those pre,udices which now operate so extensively aro la
the recovery of persons ate eked with insanity, sedges
disappear. Every enlightened physician acknowt'aevdo
and laments the extent of this evil. Persons so st asses°
and for whom recovery might be calculated or, "„i to
with certainty, had they been promptly transfertit`tter
such a place, are, from a notion that kindness and eitie€C
tion will be all that is required, restrained from Le'tt i°
their relatives from home. This mistaken kinus con'
fatal. In the experiment of love and duty, the thee
,r,,, the
sumed between alternating hopes and fears; and ''‘icter
asylum is resorted to at last, it receives a poor felle;t eh/
ture, for whom, at the beginning, cure was possible, ~;,e ea.
is henceforward an -irreparable wreck, doomed to ji tiities.
exhibiting the gradual extinction of the noblest fa
It is with the brain as with the other organs of the a ~1,-
the congestion or irritation that can be moderated an,, ter
dued at first, if allowed to persist and make progreis tt°
checked, will a" last produce such morbid ehanges4srar
organ itself, that it becomes incurably incapable of P`ceptioa
ing healthy functions. And why, then, make an lsse a°
as regards the affections of the brain, which expeseeno ale
common sense condemn in regard to other orgs,' ea°
pneumonia or bronchitis, who would be absurd water
to confine the treatment to kindness, quiet, an",.o ear
gruel? And shall our conduct be less wise or 'iss; DO
getic in the case of the brain than in that of the
0 cial
involving, as the perversion of the cerebral asp: i oil.
a double death ? It is quite time that the vieoist; i,
practice of society should be changed on this P 0005
is one of startling urgency and importance news, isa.st
closer view of this awful scourge (rendereds tatsti'lle
more destructive by unreflecting kindness) and it s1;51 oft 4
bearings, have all but proved that out of every''' etsiravii;
population, we have one case of insanity. Th Psit,Sig
practice that inflicts so much evil on the neoncoirintesiti
aloud for animadversion :it scatters desolation an, lot
; can°
amongst families—blasting happiness and hoPe: --t 0
palliated—it must be abandoned." stall" te
After some judicious observations on the imeo tbe cad
numbers and classifications in the arrangements t." 14, -AS
of the insane, the letter concludes as follows :".. the os
our private asylums come up, in all respects, t°, seSs a
we have been tracing. 'I am not acquaintoo, odegse i
late Sir William Ellis, ' with any asylum at are e to us.
Ili, - er
to my notions of what an asylum for the rich oilg rale
~S
but I still think that it is perfectly practicable to I),.,ase, SSei
them in an institution possessing every means for scooP
every requisite for their comfort and hapein
with but little risk of their being improperly detsi o;se Ptio'
. But it will perhaps be said that a cornprebeno,oo d,
embracing the means of treatment and liberal ,
the 14,
dation for the rich, will be above the reach n'oe tleuris
educated middle classes. It should not be so.
e tbe:tiot'
tion of accommodation should decide that 0' specie SO
of payment. A patient requiring several rooms,' t nisei
tendance, and a separate table, should contrive isii,isi
ess,.oed:
10
funds of the establishment a larger sum in proper "All
those who are contented with the accommodation 's fret
for all. This is, in fact, the principle on ichiciirssises'it;
hotel, as well as many other forms of public eruS,Sofriso
carried on. Upon a graduation of this kind, in t".s.ogicier
of which there is no practical difficulty, persons Pst?o,4o,„te
601. or 70/. a-year, to 2001. and 3COL, might be P. 1.1 /0140
on a scale of comfort totally unknown either e
lot PP
lodgings or in our private asylums, as they ar dol
stloi' fil,
conducted. tabj r 5 ° 1
"The superior administration of such an es preactss
should be aided by a committee of philanthrefed InetiO,
whose duty it should be to see that every ilnPr°ss acl°' ea'
uld on el
of treatment recommended by experience sho . _ ties 4
There should be no private arrangements for t,.00, sea'
of lunatics, and no private asylums in the Pre'
f the word."
I
in

host and hostess.
We were in a spacious and elegant dining-room built by
the celebrated " Jack Robinson," who, before Joseph Hume's
time, feathered his nest from the consolidated fund to so au-
daci,us an extent, that Sheridan called the attention of Par-
liament to his practices; and when challenged to name the
delinquent, declined, though he added he could as easily have
named him as say "Jack Robinson." The dining-room was built
for the visits of George 111., of whom Robinson was a favourite
He built extensive ranges of bedrooms in barrack fashion
for numerous guests of rank, of whom his lavish house was
always full ; which apartments have been found conveniently
convertible to the present purposes of the mansion. Before
leaving the table for a walk in the grounds and gardens, we
were favoured by our host with a brief exposition of his
mode of dealing with his patients, powerfully suggesting
the advance which has been made in the treatment of
the insane during the last fifty years. The inmates of
this establishment are under no personal restraint whatever.
There is not a strait-waistcoat, a belt, or pair of hand-mufflers,
under the roof. Taking advantage of the fact, that there
is much more sanity than insanity in the great majority
of the insane, and of the improved-knowledge now ac-
quired on the nature of insanity itself, the paroxysms of
which alone require watching, Dr. and Mrs. Costello (for
the lady does a large and most important part of the
duty) direct all their moral energies upon the balance of
sanity remaining in the patient's favour, and always
with the most satisfactory results. Confidence is re-
posed ; the patient's word of honour is trusted to,
and seldom if ever broken. The beautiful grounds and
gardens are freely ranged ; even the neighbourhood is
free to some. An elegant drawing-room, where the

lady presides, is open the place secures decorum. The
lady's power is an interesting phenomenon ; it seems to
be, and really is, greater than her husband's. None but
gentlemen can eome into her mild and gentle presence ;
and we were assured that a look from her, still more, a
quiet caution, will check a strong man who may for the
moment be in danger of forgetting himself. it is re-
markable how seldom the hallucinations of the patients
come out into the dining-room or drawing-room. These
are voted " parish business," and a bore ; and although
one of the party might just have discovered the longi-
tude or the perpetual motion, another received the
thanks of Parliament for a victory, or a third a judg-
ment in Chancery, declaring him master of millions, not
a word would be heard on those tempting topics in the
drawing-room or at the dinner-table of Wykehouse. A
breach of these mild yet rigid laws would be followed
by the temporary exclusion of the individual, with the full
approbation of the rest. Abuse of liberty is punished by
narrowing by degrees its limits, till it is at last circum-
scribed by the wall of a paved court. No one needs to stay
long there ; but enlargement has its conditions, perfectly
intelligible to every patient in the establishment.
When we walked out, we saw some of the gentlemen
playing with the child, others reading in the beautiful
groves, and three or four assisting Mrs. Costello to cull
and pack an enormous bouquet of lilacs and hawthorn
blossom for a jar in the drawing-room. We joined the
party, and assisted, and were much struck with the
gallantry, politeness, and respect with which the lady
was treated. This direction of female influence is a new
element in its various applications in society. It re-
forms the imprisoned criminal ; it purifies and huma-
nises the educators of the young of the rougher sex ;
it exercises a power over the insane themselves that
renders them as pliant as children. Yet Mrs. Costello
is a slight, little woman, whom any one of the subjects
over whom she rules could annihilate in an instant. In-
deed, we should say that the insane are peculiarly amen
able to just such an influence ; for th• it malady in most
cases produces a simplicity of general character, often almost
child-like.
We assembled at tea in the drawing-room, and en-
joyed an hour of general conversation, when the party
again dispersed through the grounds ; and as we drove off in
the twilight of a beautiful June evening, we had hands held
out to us by the near, and hats lifted by the distant, till the
gate shut behind us, and we were on our road to London.
On our way, Dr. Costello, who accompanied us, showed us a
villa or cottage a mile or two from Wykehouse, which, on
account of its romantic groves and large lake teeming with
fish, he has taken on lease, as a sort of occasional holiday and
pic-nic resort for his well-behaved patients.
Dr. Costello had just then published a letter to Lord
Ashley, on the reform of private asylums for the insane.
A copy of that pamphlet is now before us. It is an appeal
in behalf of the rich insane for legislative protection.
The Bill lately introduced by Lord Ashley contemplates
chiefly the insane poor; not observing the fallacy, that,
because the sane rich are well able to take care of them-
selves, the insane rich must be so too. There is, unfor-
tunately, a prejudice which leads the friends of the in-
sane to seek extreme privacy for them, and thus they
become exposed not merely to inadequate accommoda-
tion and treatment, but all the imaginable evils attend-
ing their becoming objects of speculation. Dr. Costello t
exposes the deficiencies of the generality of private
houses for the insane, and recommends the ample and
interesting scenery which is found in his own esta-
blishment. Private asylums should never be in cities ; they
should be in cheerful rural situations, where the inmates
may avail themselves of the composing and health-re-
stor.ng effects of husbandry and gardening. Within
doors, the patient should find no deprivation of his ac-
customed conveniences, comforts, luxuries, and even
elegancies ; but rather an improvement in them all.
While deprecating the idea of surrounding the patient
of condition with unnecessary deprivations in, externals.
the author says—" While delirium runs high, it is true,
external objects will be too little noticed to suggest un-
favourable comparisons ; but this stage is often evanes-
cent, oft= only periodical, and the bitter pang is felt in
full force when the mist begins to clear away. The poor
derive benefit from the better food and better care of
the public asylum, and can we doubt the influence of
causes relatively the same in regard to the rich ? The
internal arrangements, therefore, of a private asylum,
should be in accordance with the tastes and occupations
of the inmates ; and the tedium of uniformity must be
prevented by such aids as are employed for the same
purpose in every-day life. Billiards, books, and music,
are not enough. There must be social re-unions, and
even dancing, with a view to affording opportunities of
mixing in the society of persons of sound mind. This is a
point in the moral treatment of great importance. To have
the world and its recreations brought, from time to time,
into contact with the insane, is less valuable even as an
amusement or a pastime, than as a means of satisfying
them, especially when allowed to meet their friends or
relatives, not only that they are not forgotten, but that
their return to that world, its business and its duties, is still
looked for with anxiety and delight. How much of happi-
ness, how much of sanity, do they secure by this oft-pre-
sented idea I
"If one could forget early impre sions, and in-
stances of proved delinquency in some ill-conducted establish-
ments, we shouldmodify our feelings in a great degree as re-
gards private asylums. Proofs of the most interesting de-
scription abound, to show that these are anything but places
to inspire horror.
" When well-conducted, and there are many such,
mirth and cheerfulness—not forced or feigned—appear to
be pervading influence. Lasting friendships are often
formed; and many whom restored mental health recalls
to the world, experience lively and sincere regrets in
parting with those whose care or companionship had so-
laced them under so heavy a dispensation ; and many, too,
would remain, preferring to any other abode that which
friends had consigned them to in the hour of affliction.
" The farni'y group in an asylum is, or ought to be, as-
sociated in conversation, light reading, and all the diversified
occupations that embellish refined society, with no other
restraint than what individual circumstances may require,
and the enlightened kindness of the head of the house may
dictate.
"In this ideal of an establishment, the patients are the
guests and associates of the physician and his family, and
without such dictatorship and association it cannot be re-
alised. In his own person are combined the charac-
ters of parent, friend, guide, and physician, and this
amounts to saying that he is indispensable. To him is
assigned the task of moderating the impressions from
without—of regulating, through the medium of his
own family, the desirable degree of intercourse with the
world ; his table and his family circle are the sole, safe chan-
nels for such intercourse. Here the first public efforts of a
returning healthy mental activity meets its needed encou
ragements, and here. too, the poor sufferer, doomed never to
know the delights of recovery, experiences protection, and
even pleasure, to the full measure of his blighted faculties.
Advantages so obviou ly desirable are placed completely, and
perhaps voluntarily. out of the reach of patients kept at home
or in private families, and the case is even worse where
they are confided to keepers or servants, with the occasional
attendance of a medical man. Under such circum-
stances, cure is not -only. likely to be marred. but it may
be wilfully and maliciously prevented. The continued
employment of these attendants depends on the con-
tinuation of the malady; the resources available for moral
treatment from uninterrupted intercourse with persons of
their own station, are wasted, from their inferiority of social
position, want of education, or irritability of disposition,
which in the circumstances we are contemplating, is uncon-
trolled, and therefore the more likely to arise. Fretfulness
and bickering, as permanent conditions of the patient's mind,
induced by the small excesses of an unreasoning domestic
authority, which he is ever ready to dispute, either in fear
or in anger, can have so other than unfavourable conse-
quences. He distrusts and dreads his attendant, and the latter,
goaded by what he considers injustice and ingratitude in the
patient, gives way to peevishness, and, by way of beginning
the monotony of the occupation, repays him with sour looks,
coarse , and contemptuous language, neglect, or something
worse. The effect of treatment in which caprice and recrimi-
nation, waywardness, and spite, hold such unhappy sway,
may be easily foreseen. The patient has none of the repose
so essential to comfort, and indispensable for recovery. His
views of things, already prismatised by a disordered brain,
are still more bewildered by the false position in which he is
placed, and the unfavourable circumstances by which he is
surrounded. The time when cure was possible passes quickly
away; the excitement subsides into a calm; the disease
changes its character; the acute is followed by the chronic
stagea and the brightness of the mind is dimmed for ever."
The author states the argument for the early treatment of
insanity as concisely as powerfully :—" The protection of the
brain fium the effects of the high irritation and congestion
that prevail in the acute stage of mania, can only be secured
by vigorous and prompt medical treatment at the very outset.

A 80
"-"!"*" vilps,
MARKET NE W 4.—( yETI' tio
0 ~
.10
uce
5/ to 5/ 8s ; fine Upla:.//a.IMLIENTS 185 ;/ 411?
SMITIFIFIELD.—Coarse Meadow 41
-lav'
'w
Si
iollsacyo,s4ll
155sst;0.510itlelr7s t 6 ii Ic,
Cl 6s ; Oat Straw, 1/ 145 to 1/ 166 ; Wheat WA'
load. A fair average supply, and a steady traue• c.,,,; ut, pp
Ivl ell,"
CumBERLAND.--Coarse Meadoway 41 65 to °- fel,`
5/4s to 518 s; tine Upland ditto, 51 ito t.',. br ic.: Clover
,‘4;14 ~,
to 61; Oat Straw, 1/ 15s to 1/16s ; Wheat Straw, 1/ 165 w , i,
Trade firm, at full prices.fo` il,
• 0 ,', 4f
WHITECHAPEL.—Coarse Meadow Hay, 4/ 4s to 51 ,
~ a lit,
51 4s to 5/88 ; fine Upland ditto, 5/10s to 5/13s ; Clovosil,', 9,
to Cl 10s ; Oat Straw, 1/ 15s to 1117 s ; Wheat Straw, 140 "
load. Supply good, and trade rather dull. Nev.
3/10s to 4/ 15s ; and New Clover, 41 to 5/ 5s per load.

c 0330°
(From the London New Price Current of 1.-le'ini
SUGAR.—Today the West India Sugar market oyo,oll 6
00
n
state, the purchases made in all qualities being tens the r
althor.gh the merchants were sellers at a decline °"
Friday of 6d per cwt. fin, oerfi,
REFINED.—To-day there was less demand ferisrreoco
from the home trade, and prices were not so fine, "-els reo•oir
lumps selling at 65s gd te 665, and standard liners Are
Bonded Crushed Sugar is still neglected, and Prices , chi
at 42s to 42s 6d per cwt for first quality. to r.rofe"
MAURITIUS.—There has been little desire mantles" or
this description of Sugar, and the few parcels dispeerd
A bas de
were at lower rates.
EAST INDIA.—For white Bengal a good dense; 1:: th"-,edil
perienced, and the rates obtained have been We' !ivy'
viously quoted, yellow sorts at and under 541 Per for 801'01 /I
ported the former currency, and are wanted, bur ,„. priCe'
scriptions the demand has fallen off, and a decline -
104
per cwt has occurred. 11,11° ctdpol4
FORElGN.—Although there are sellers of yellow Anis
at a fdrther reduction in prices, still the busineso7 Peril pfill
been limited, and confined to two floating cargeee jt,cl it
one at 31s, the other consisting of 800 chests at 296,;-, itoe.
on the spot at 27s to 32s per cwt for low to fine eitelP,i';icrir 011rf;
COFFEE.—To-day there was no public sale of any "hot
t; it"
Coffee. Ceylon met with little attention privatelP, vi se A
were firm, and insisted upon 47s to 49s per cwt for r
• oi
ordinary pale native. refral' Dedd,
Tea.—lmporters manifest firmness, and have -4
DO ,e
offering any at public sale. Congou of all descriptie%,o°4-t rd,
very good demand, and the rates paid a-e fully eet°.%cell'ili
viously established. Pouchong has been ie
IDe eii,liet;
quest, and bring firm rates. Twankay bar
creased attention, and the rates given are "iid tmslifoiJ
Hyson has been in much better request, and emeriti:, se",clo4
vance. For Young Hyson prices are fully as bweeiaal
amount of business has been done. Gunpowder bee bed se it
with increased freedom, and prices have asse° his .;
tendency. d old `rood
SPICES.—Today Nutmegs met with attention, and of „
rates. Mace is wanted, and brought stiffer rates. t
rei
cases 26 bags were chiefly taken in.
ve
SriaiTs.—Holders of Jamaica Rum are for the see Ds
col
willing to take lower rates, but the purchases re 3 e 01104,4
trifling. Leeward Island commands fully late rater; le .vei,„,r,
firm in price, and in fair request at 15 104_,:oetrieterl
per gallon, proof with certificate. Previous rates "'",,t tl,e
Demerara. For Brandy previous rates are asked, b-sviritg
has been less active. The value of British COrn 1,0
103 2d per gallon, nett cas a
h. l° ter
Oas.—This afternoon at public sale 26 butts Of rt
Ceylon Cocda Nut Oil were taken in at 32/ per tee: iper6,oo,lfi
TALLOW.—Today Rusigan was purchased with csoe'A' to
dom, and stiffer rates were paid; New Pale Ye11°,,1400 '
spot selling at 41s 3d to 41s 6d for first sort, O,T, 5l
and new for the last three months of the year at .4"
cwt.
Abe!.

LATEST FROM DAVIS'S STaAITS.---'"—IT;;;16' 'i
p.d,
—=- —-—-- - A , 4/ 8
whalers has arrived. The Alexander, Reid, frolic' ,arg.o of
brought up in our roads on Wednesday, with a '',;nde
~er. ,
which will produce about 170 tuns of oil. The fkle%rierno.l,;,3
additional intelligence from that quarter.—Dundee '-fyloPrl9
We regret to learn that Mr. John_ rltleTroVeset.",,i
M.P. fbr Windsor, is seriously indisposed. The P;°„,,,-.1110 ,-tre,
violent fall from his horse some time since, Wh„.nes A,' fsi"
some severe internal injury. The answer to inci."-5011. ,/
Gentleman's residence ou Monday was, that• he j's
that no hopes were entertained of his recovery.-.ghost";,,. 10'4
EXPORTATION OF SALT. TO TEE Xii"---000ta" I
30 WoP
We are informed that no less than from 20,000 to , tio ,
have been exported hence to the East Indies Witbiliyed P
months. The enterprise is expected to return A
profit.—Li rerpool Albion. .0
THE. CO ftN TRAD -11. ei,6
(From the Mark-lane Express.) of tlie, eil9
The reports received from the northern P`,9 robs rierd'
dom, speak in a very desponding tone of the Pi 00°140
of the extremely wet and boisterous weathe,till °letlie,•o
during the week on that portion of the crort_e rest,,lity
ing. That injury, to an extent difficult to l' i 5 V,,,, tO it/
this aivanced period of the year, has been d'r'rete, 'ito;
be feared, and unless we have an iminedit'e fleg''
weather, the consequences may be serious.
,ieict 4 iio,4
northern harvest had been got in well the Yaver?f,,,,Poll
could scarcely have been expected to prove 81.13 401,,dei'l°
under existing circumstances, the deficiency 005 I,' I
in quantity, is likely to be much greater than to. t?
calculated on. ea ' f -r0
'ere 0 lo
Notwithstanding the fine weather .ePerl„otit icier ~Y„
consecutive weeks, there is still a great (114*(10.teti rit
abroad south of the river Humber; whbe 00bot ;10)
much is yet uncut. Of the total produce of! ved;
,0 coo;
dom probably two-thirds may have been -tio; fo7e, 0,
needless to remark, that the manner care the villyestypo,
third may be secured must greatly influentbe DO tiVildj
previous estimates of the probable results of We Ow le'
therefore, we fear, been too favourable ;.. an,claciene,Y, iis,„t ill'
bend that, besides the already admitted ae'%, we" Or ,
and potatoes, the crops of barley and oats, as tic ice ,Di
of beans and peas, may prove inferior to Ws of ;i
'at° of '
duced to hope. oferifijcAt'4 elO
As thrashing is proceeded with the c e aoc° pelts'rio
yield of wheat certainly increase ; nor do tit is sebu ti
quality improve. The loss in weight aloe% fete c011,1'04
sideration. Supposing the same to be 3'naersetio l' it'
the entire quantity grown, which is a l'a- tot rteee'
tion, and taking the whole produce of wlOlO git,''',l;istl'
Kingdom, in an average year, at 20,00°,.
n 110rj(i/
item alone would make a 'difference of a -11 t%

Iti
Ti
FOR THE REMAINDER OF
SEE THE SUPPLEMENT TU
THIS DAY.

;,
London : Printed and Published by INIVIII3 ce
00f 000
No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The S'°s tll6
Strand, in the Precinct of the O* 4;11346.
1t1i44105024 Wednesday, 8000131ba 240