The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-20 00:00:00

LHE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 20, 1344.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THR ZTENINIS PAPERS OP THIS DAT.
GLOBE.—The meeting over which Lord John
Russell presided yesterday at Exeter Hall—the pro-
ceeding of which are reported in another column—
affords us an occasion of alluding to the Temperance
Society ; to Father Mathew, its founder ; and to the
pecuniary embarrassments in which he is involved,
by his endeavours to induco his countrymen to bind
themselves, by solemn pledge, to abstain from in-
toxicating drinks. To raise a fund for releiving
Father Mathew from the debts for which he has be-
come liable, and to reimburse him at least a portion of
the sums he has expended in carrying out his benevo-
lent designs, was the immediate object of the meet-
ing. The able advocacy of the Noble Lord who
presided orer the meeting, and the testimony borne
by his Lordship, and by other distinguished
speakers, to the disinterestedness of purpose, and
unwearied diligence, devotedness, and success with
which Father Mathew has laboured, will go far to
remove objections from the proposed subscription.
In endeavouring to reclaim his countrymen from the
self-inflicted curse which preyed upon the earnings—
making the little less—inflamed the passions, and de-
moralised the habits of his countrymen, the Apostle of
Temperance, it appears, has incurred a debt of 7,0001.
The bona fide existence of the debt; the legitimate
modes by which the various items of which it is
constituted were incurred—and the frugality and care
with which Father Mathew, and the agents he
employed, invariably acted, both with respect to their
personal and relative expenses, in connexion with the
object they endeavoured to accomplish—these highly
proper questions have been investigated with great
minuteness by disinterested persons, whose compe-
tency and standing in society furnish a guarantee for
the integrity of their report. That report is, upon
the whole, honourable to Father Mathew; upon whose
conduct and management of the funds which came
into his hands there is not the slightest imputation.
The only questions with which the public has any
concern, is whether the object sought to be effected
by the Temperance Society be one of sufficient inte-
rest to deserve general sympathy ; and whether Father
Mathew ought to be relieved, by a public subscription,
from the embarrassments he has incurred in carrying
out the objects of the Temperance Society? In dis-
cussing these questions, it is not necessary to embark
in the wide inquiry, whether the means adopted by the
Temperance Society be the best of all imaginable means
for effecting the discouragement of drunkenness ; nor
do we undertake to settle the vexed question, which has
been somewhat intemperately debated by the advocae es
of the rival Societies, as to whether " tee-totalism"
or " temperance" be the best form of pledging the
individual to abstain from intoxicating drinks. The
only material question, we apprehend, is, whether a
considerable improvement in the physical and moral
condition of the lower classes—especially in Ireland,
where it was so much needed—had not been accom-
plished by Father Mathew's exertions ; and whether
patriotism and philanthropy do not prescribe, that
the labourer in this benevolent cause should be exone-
rated from the pecuniary liabilities he has incurred in
promoting its influence in the country where the vice
it assails was working all kinds of abominations? Lord
John Russell, with considerable pathos and manifest
effect, thus stated the case :—" Whatever, therefore,
can remove the temptation and the evil consequences
of that vice requires no ordinary efforts. To make a
great impression upon a %%hole nation—to bring
them at once from a habit in which they were too
apt to indulge, to the practice of those virtues by
which their domestic happiness may be increased,
and their moral and religious conduct improved,
must, I say, have called for no ordinary diligence;
no common exertions would have sufficed for such an
object. But we all know the extraordinary elo-
quence, the untiring energy, the disinterested for-
getfulness of all selfish objects, which did enable Mr.
Mathew to accomplish this moral miracle, and by his
exertions to effect a change in Ireland which was
surprising to the whole civilised world." Mr. S. C.
Hall bore testimony, from actual personal comparison,
to the former and present state of the Irish peasantry.
Allusions to the perpetuity of the Union, as it exists
between the two countries, were received with cheers
which show how little the people of England are likely
to encourage the repeal project. Lord John Russell
said :—" What, then, should be the conduct of that
country to which he belongs, and of this country,
which is closely, and, I trust, perpetually united with
it ?" We think the claim of Father Mathew to pub-
lic sympathy and aid is established by the facts
brought before the meeting. We cordially concur in
the effort to raise the proposed fund ; and hope that
the amount required will soon be realised.
STANDARD.—Dr. Pusey has published a letter
denouncing the statute proposed for consideration by
the Oxford Convocation on the 13th of February, 184.5,
and plainly intimating that as hitherto he has not
subscribed the Articles honestly—that is, adopting
the language used in " the Tracts for the Times,"
in their " natural sense," so he is prepared to retire
from the Church and University if called upon so
to subscribe them. Doctor Pusey, we have heard,
is a rich man, who can well afford to surrender
his canonry and professorship, and therefore the public
is relieved from the single regret that could allay the
general delight with which the realisation of the
Reverend Gentleman's threat will he welcomed by
the Christian public. It will be but a descent from
Portman-square to Baker-street; and this, as Gold-
smith observes, has not enough of the terrible to
give interest to a tragedy. The letter of Dr.' Pusey,
however, leaves a comparatively favourable impres-
sion—it is a picture of the writer's mind, hazy,
feeble, and timid. He sees nothing distinctly, con-
ceives nothing vigorously, and takes refuge in a mist
of generality, because he cannot embrace any
obvious or well-defined truth. 'We may pity such a
man, hut we cannot admit those feelings of contempt
and aversion for him that we must for one whose
perverseness in other respects is disgraced by hypo-
crisy. Even when we find Dr. Pusey canonising the
betrayer of Bishop Williams, the controversialist who
silenced adversaries with fine and imprisonment, pil-
lory, ear-cutting, and ignominious scourgings, the man
who fined Leighton 10,0001., sentenced him to stand
twice in the pillory, losing an ear upon each occasion,
and to be twice publicly scourged—even when we find
Dr. Pusey canonising this man, we are sure that, if his
saint, Laud would never be his model. We say this
much in defence of Dr. Pusey from an inference that
might hastily be drawn from his letter. The Rev.
Gentleman's objection to the proposed statute ap-
pears to be this, that the statute requires subscrib-
ers to subscribe to the Articles in the known sense
in which the Articles were drawn up (the rule
of interpretation in every other case in which
men make a declaration, from the coronation
oath downward) ; whereas he and others have,
since " Laud won for them the liberty," inter-
preted the ambiguous expressions of the formulary in
some different manner, but in a manner so vague, that
Dr. Pusey can approach to it no more closely than
by such phrases as by " by the faith of the whole
Church, before east and west were divided," a phrase
dislocated from a passage of Bishop Ken ; or, " ac-
cording to the analogy of the faith." We need
scarcely say that so broad a rule of interpretation by
a standard so uncertain, is, in fact, no rule
at all. "The faith of the whole Church before
east and west were divided," is a thing that
never existed, because from the Apostles' tine,
and in the Apostles' time, nay, in the blessed
college itself, there were controversies ; and " diver-
sities of faith" are recorded as from the beginning.
But if time consent of faith did not exist, the analogy
afforded by that consent cannot exist ; so that the in-
terpreter appealed to is but the resource of weakness
or the subterfuge of fraud. The truth is, that the
Church of which Dr. Pusey and his sect speak as the
Church, had no distinct existence (through the universal
Church existed and still exists) before the council of
Trent, and then the Romish Church obtained its distinct
existence (as any sect may), by excommunicating
all others, us Protestants among the rest. There might
be, however, little harm in this reference even to an
impossible interpretation of ambiguous passages, be-
cause there is really not one ambiguous passage in
the whole Thirty-nine Articles, with such admirable
precision are they drawn up, if men would be only
honest and discreet in determining the question of
ambiguity. The misfortune, however, is, that only
allow dishonest or weak men a condition on which
they shall be at liberty to indulge their humour, and
they will soon make the condition for themselves.
Words cannot be more plain, distinct, and une-
quivocal than those in which the second clause of
the 28th Article rejects the doctrine of transub-
stantiation ; yet Dr. Pusey finds that article so
ambiguous, that with the help of his analogy of the
faith, he subscribed the Article, and then preached a
sermon in support of the very doctrine rejected. Such
a loose style of interpretation as this will enable
one to extract any desired meaning from any
combination of words. Were not the subject
too grave, we might quote from Swift some
examples in point. Doctor Pusey is not singular,
however, in the labyrinth of difficulties in which
he involves himself by a departure from the bona fide
and common-sense rule of interpretation ; his Saint
Laud wandered in the same maze before him. Bishop
Hall addressed to the proto-Puseyite the following
remonstrance at the commencement of his cruel and
tyrannical career :—" I would to know where to find
you, then I could tell how to take a direct aim, whereas
now I must rove and conjecture. To-day you are in
the tents of the Romanists, to-morrow in ours, the
next day between both and against both. Our adver-
saries think you ours, we theirs, your conscience finds
you with both, end neither. I flatter you not ; this
of yours is the worst of tempers ; heat and cold have
their uses, lukewarmness is good for nothing but to
trouble the stomach. Those that are spiritually hot
find acceptation, those that are stark cold have a less
reckoning. The mean between both is so much
worse as it comes near the good, and attains it not.
How long will you halt in this indifferency ? Re-
solve one way, and know at last what you do

hold, what you would cast off? Either your wings
or your teeth ; and, loathing this bat-like nature,
be either a bird or a beast. To die wavering and I
uncertain, yourself will grant fearful. If you must
settle, where begin you ? 'Tis dangerous deferring
that whose want is deadly, and whose opportunity
is doubtful. Is there any impediment which
delay will abate ? Is there any which a just answer
cannot remove ? If you had rather waver, who can
settle you ? But if you love not inconstancy, tell
us why you stagger ?" Laud, however, continued
to stagger in his conscience until the hour of his fall,
having no better stay to support him than his "analogy
of the faith." In other respects he was unhappily
too strong, with the " High Commission Court,"
the " Star Chamber," and the hangman to silence
adversaries. But how much better would it have
been both for his happiness and his fame, if Laud had
been only honest. Conscientious scruples might have
prevented his subscribing the Articles, and then he
would have turned his considerable talents to account in
some secular pursuit. True, he would not have been
Archbishop of Canterbury ; but neither would he have
lived in the miserable anddisgraceful state described IT
Hall, nor would he have brought, as he did, his master s
head and his own to the block. There is no
danger of a repetition in our day of Laud's ex-
travagances and cruelties, or of their terrible
retribution ; Ibut we believe that there is already
much of the misery of uncertainty which he
suffered, tormenting many conscientious but weak
men, in the orders of the Church, all arising
from the want of a clear understanding of the real
import of the Articles of the Church, or rather of
the meaning in which they themselves subscribed
them. This course of suffering the Oxford
statute will remove at cnce and for ever, for
nothing can be clearer than the language of the
Articles themselves ; and if men take them in " the
natural sense," they are their own sufficient ex-
positors. Sordid persons, of course, will creep in
who will swallow anything with any explanation, but
they never suffer much in conscience; there are men
ingenious enough to reconcile anything to their per-
sonal interests. We will be warrant for Mr. Newman,
for example, that he will find an ambiguity in the pro-
posed declaration (to be interpreted according to the
analogy of the faith), as plausible as any that Doctor
Pusey can find in the Articles.

BANK OF ENGLAND.

(From Friday Night's Gazette.)

An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth of Vic-
toria, cap. 32, for the Week ending on Saturday, the
14th day of December,lB44.

ISSUE DZPARTHENT.

Notes issued 28,003,70.5

f GoTernntent debt 11,015,100
Other securities 2,984,900
Gold coin and
bullion
Silver bullion

£28,003,705
M. HA
Dated the 19th day of Del

£28,003,705
RSJIALL, Chief Cashier.
camber, 1844.

:PARTMENT.

GoTernmentsecu-
rities (includ-
ingDeadWeight
Annuity)
Other securities
Notes
Gold and silrer
coin

£33,419,902
iSITALL, Chief Cashier.
:ember, 1844.

to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of
Chancery.
The Lord Chancellor has also appointed George
Stevenson, of Leicestes, in the county of Leicester,
Gent., to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court
of Chancery.
WHITEHALL, DEC. 12.

The Lord Chancellor has appointed George Grey, of
Torquay, in the county of Devon, Gent. to be a Master
Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery.

WIIITEIIALL, I)Ec. 14.

The Lord Chancellor has appointed George Palmer, of
Rugeley, in the county of Stafford, Gent., to be a Master
Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery-.
The Lord Chancellor has also appointed John G vrynne,
of Tenby, in the county of Pembroke, Gent., to be a
Master Extraordinary in the high Court of Chancery.
WHITEHALL, DEC. 16.

The Lord Chancellor has appointed George Scurfield,
of Sunderland, in the county palatine of Durham,_Gent.
to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of
Chancery.
The Lord Chancellor has also appointed George
James Haines, of Farringdon, in the county of Berks,
Gent. to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court
of Chancery.
BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED.

Samuel lligginbottom, shc2pkeeper,Dukinfield,Chester.

BAN KliUl"l'S.

Humphrey Charles Balne, grocer, Poole, to surrender
Jan. 7, at eleven, and Feb. 4, at eleven, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Follett, official assignee, Sambrook-court,
Basinghall-street; Shaw, Furnivecl's Inn.
Samuel King, warehouseman, Nevvgate-street, City,
Jan. 3, at eleven, and Feb. 14, at half-past twelve, at the
Court of Bankruptcy. Graham, official assignee, Cole-
man-street; Linklaters, Leadenb all- street.

James Moutrie, music seller, Bristol, Jan. 7, and Feb.
4, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Green, official
assignee, Aldermanbury, London ; Theobald, Furnival's
Inn.

James Oldham, silk warehouseman, Wood-street,
City, Dec. 28, at eleven, and Feb. 5, at twelve, at the
Court of Bankruptcy. Follett, official assignee, Sam-
brook-court, Basinghall-street ; Reed and Shaw, Friday-
street, Cheapside.
John I'eart Berley, plumber, Brompton-row, Bromp-
ton, Jan. 10, at two, and Jan. 31, at twelve, at the Court
of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee ; Buchanan
and Grainger, Basinghall-street.
Hugh Daniel Watkins and James Innes, lead mer-
chants, Manchester, Jan. S. and Feb. 3, at eleven, at the
Manchester District Court. Stanway, official assignee ;
Sale and Worthington, Manchester ; Reed and Shaw,
Friday-street, Cheapside, London.
Thomas Hodgson, calico printer, Manchester, Jen. 2
and 23, at eleven, at the Manchester District Court.
Hobson, official assignee, Manchester ; Abbott, Char-
lotte-street, Bedford-square, London ; Bennet, Man-
chester.

George Sheraton, corn merchant, Hartlepool, Durham,
Jan. 9, at half-past two, and Feb. 11, at half-past one, at
the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court. Baker, official
assignee, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Holden ,Kingston-upon-
Hull; Wilson and Turnbull, Ilartlepool.
Henry Hugh Foothead, wholesale milliner, Fore-street,
Cripplegate, London, Jan 3, and Feb. 14, at twelve, at
the Court of Bankruptcy. Graham, official assignee,
Coleman-street ; Wilkins, Furnival's Inu.

selling at 2s 4d to 3s Gd. English Corn Spirits at lOs 2d
per gallon, nett cash.
Saco.—There has been a good buiness transacted in
Pearl Sago by private contract, and the tendency of
prices is still upwards. At auction 76 boxes went at
26s for fine small white Pearl. Sago Flour is wanted.
Farina or Potato Flour is much in resquest. Of Tapioca
at auction 25 barrels were taken in at 5} per lb for Rio.
Bics.—There has been an increased demand for
Madras, and by private contract several parcels have
been disposed of, yellow fetching 8s 3d to 8s 6d per cwt.
Java is little wanted at present, but holders are firm, and
none has been offered at public sale, yellow is held for
9s to 9s 6d, and white lOs to 12s per cwt. Bengal is
much wanted, low white fetching Ils to 11s 3d, mid
11 s 6d to 1 Is 9d, and good to fine 12s to 12s 6d per cwt.
In cleaned Rice there has been a great deal doing at 23s
to 27s for Carolina, and 14e to 18s per cwt for Patna.
Cocimmo.l.—ls still much wanted, and the improved
rates previously noticed are fully supported for mid and
good, but for inferior qualities an advance of Id per lb
has taken place for silvers ; 225 bags of Honduras at
auction were sold, silvers low at 4s 4d to 4s sd, mid 4s
6d to 4s 7(1, good 4s Bd, 10 bags consisted of black and
fetched 4s 10d to 53 for low, and 5s Id to 5s 2d per lb
for mid quality.
FRUIT.—The demand for Currants has been limited
this week. Valentias are steady, with a small stock.
Red Smyrnas and Chesrue Raisins are in request at 455
to 475. Of new Turkey Pulled Figs, the greater pro-
portion arrived (being mostly very much out of condi-
tion) are being forced off at very low prices ; the fine
kinds, of which there is but a small supply, obtain very
high prices.
TALLow.—On the spot prices have ruled firm for
Russian this week, and merchants are not so willing to
realize, the trade are still inclined to do business, and
for Soap and Candle making purposes a good demand
has been experienced. P. Y. C. of first quality has
been fetching 40s 3d to 40$ 9d per cwt. There is still
a large supply of American and New South Wales.
Town Tallow has met with ready purchasers at 41s net
cash, but a larger quantity has been offered for sale. The
deliveries of Foreign have been interfered with by the
low rate that existed this year for home made Tallow.
This afternoon, at public sale. 345 casks of New South
Wales Tallow were disposed of at 35s to 41s 6d, and 220
casks of South American at 36s to 3Ss per cwt..
OILS.—The market has assumed a firmer appearance
for Cod ; there has been a very good demand on the
spot and for parcels to arrive at 311 to 311 103 per tun ;
for other descriptions of common Fish Oil there are few
purchasers at present, and prices are drooping for Seal,
pale selling at 33/ 16s to 34/, yellow and straw 311 to
331, and brown 281 lOs to 30/, but the market being
sparingly supplied with Southern, previous rates
of 291 10s to 331 10s per tun are sustained.—
Sperm Oil at 87/ to 89/ per tun for British of first quality,
Linseed Oil 22s 3d to 22s Gd per cwt, the home trade are
the chief operators, for forward delivery many contracts
have been entered into at 22s 9d to 235, and for distant
months at 23s 6d to 245. Rape Seed Oil, pale selling at
35s to 34s 6d, and brown 33s to 33s 6d. Cocoa Nut Oil
is little wanted, and prices rule low. Palm has met little
attention, and it is difficult to obtain more than 251 per
cwt for fine quality. Oiive at 41/to 421 for Gallipoli, and at
381 to 401 for Barbary and Spanish. The value of
African Ground Nut Oil is 33/ to 33/105, and American
Lard Oil 40/ to 411 per tun. Prices of Oils compared
with those of last season at that time show a decline of
31 for Pale Seal, 4/ to 51 for Southern, 51 to 5/ 106 for
Linseed Oil, and 2/ to 6/ for Olive Oil, but for Sperm
they exhibited an advance of 141 to 151 per tun.
INDIGO.—The low rates that prevail for East India
have at length attracted attention, and in Bengal a good
business has been transacted at prices showing a decline
on the rates of the last quarterly sale of 2d to 4d per
lb ; the chief part consisted of low and mid, with a tew
good. Of Madras, oudes and Kurpah some parcels of
the lower qualities have been sold at rates about equal
to the cheap part of last sale. The quantity already ad-
vertised for public competition on the 21st of January is
5,115 chests. There are very few buyers of Spanish at
present, and prices rule low.

COURSE OF EXCH)
Anuterdam CF. 12 6 1
Ditto, at sight l2 4
Rotterdam 2U. 12 61
Antwerp
['amio& M.B. 13 131
Altona l3 13i
Paris, 3 days' Sight 25 70
Ditto, 3 nonths 25 96
Marseilles
Bourdeutz 25 95
Frankfort on Maine l2l

retersburgh, 3Us 37
Berlin 7
_ _

Vienna, effee. 13 M 954
Trieste, ditto
Madrid 364

Cadiz
➢ilbao 36

Barcelona 36

80-rills —

.NGE.--(THIs DAY.)
Gibraltar
Leghorn
Genoa 25 95
Milan
Venice 47
Naples ........
Palermo, per oz llB
Lisbon 54
Oporto 54
Rio Janeiro 24
Bahia 24
Buenos Ayres
NewYork,2ldys sight
Philadelphia '
MIMS OF BULLION, PXR oz.
Foreign Gold, bars C 3 17 9
Portugal Geld Coin 3 17 5
New Doubloons 0 0 0
New Dollars 0 4 9i
Silver in ears 0 4 11 t

I{Y NOTES.