The Sun.
London, England, 1845-11-08 00:00:00

China, and establish commercial relations with the Celestial
Empire, which would render Oregon one of the most thriving
districts on the whole of the vestern coast. England cannot
stand by with her arms foldel, and allow such an invasion
upon her rights as the expuls.on of a hardy and frugal race,
long established at the mouths of the Columbia. But the
neighbouring States, too, are also threatened. California is
already doomed to form a twenty-ninth or thirty-ninth state
of the Union; Mexico will follow, for in that wretched
country there is no power of resistance ; and unless England
manfully oppose the wry first encroachments, she
may reckon upon the occupation of Cuba and the attempted
conquest of all the British West India islands. Our object is
not to create alarm or to ex:ite a hostile feeling in America,
for we state only facts about which there can be no dispute,
and which are even openly avowed by certain organs of lead-
ing parties in the United States; our object is to put Eng-
land on her guard, to encourage her Government to maintain
her rights, and to remember that no nation ever shamefully
yielded to unjust claims without being compelled to yield
fifty more, or resist at last when the fit opportunity had been
lost, and the strength and insolence of the aggressor were
increased by the acquisition of unlawful wealth. For many
reasons both countries may ?egret the alternative, but it is
neither consistent with the policy, nor the power, nor the
honour of England to put of the evil day.

The French newspapers we perceive, are congratulating
their readers on the fay-curable comparison which exists
between the balance of their " exchanges of manufactured
products with England" fcr the last year:—
" With England our situation with regard to the exchange of
manufactured products is more favourable. Out of 145 millions
of merchandise which she sells us, 54 are manufactured articles,
of which 124 are consumed here; whilst, out of 144 millions of
our products with which wesupply her, 72} millions are articles
of our own manufacturing."
This is, no doubt, a very just source of gratulation to the
statistical critic by whom the results embodied in that article
of the Journal des Debats, from which we are quoting, are
discussed. But it is matter, also, pregnant with grave re-
flection for the English public. For obvious reasons, we are
disposed to attach more importance to the data for the con-
clusions arrived at by the French journalists, than to those
of the Parliamentary return called for by Mr. HASTIE,
M.P., to which we some time ago adverted (Sets. Pap.,
1845, No. 628), entitled " Trade with France." In the
latter, the summary of " Imports from France," their
official value is stated at. 3,687,878/., and the total cf
exports to France, official value, is given at 5,284,1761. .Now
the difference in pounds sterling between these two sums
should be a vet y large amount, indeed, in favour of England.
But, according to the Journal des Debats, it is a differenct•
even in francs, less than this sum in our currency. The
question is—what is the cause of this difference? And we
heartily wish that we could set our mercantile community on
diligently investigating the point. They would find
it identified with that deplorable system of mone-
tary legislation which the country has permitted the
Minister to establish, with a degree of infatuation and cre-
dulity scarcely to be believed, of an intelligent and observant
people, forming the most highly civilized, opulent, and enter-
prising community in the world. What is the reason that
France, Holland, Spain, Belgium, Germany, do not take more
of our manufactured goods? The demand and market for
our exports, considered in relation to the wonderfully reduced
prices at which they are produced—that is natural, or gold-
standard prices—and the diminished rates of the wages paid
for the industrial labour occupied upon them, are fearfully
decreased. It is altogether a false principle of calculation to
take the aggregate increase of declared and official value,
and comparing it with the aggregate of any preceding year,
to assume that because this is larger for 1844-45, therefore,
there is an increase of our trading prosperity in the current
year. There are to be taken into the account the increased
number of ports of consignment, the increased extent of
capital embarked in manufacturing establishments, and many
other elements of any fair comparison, and the
result will be that there is an absolute decrease
both as to the bulk of our trade with certain
given countries, once our largest customers, and as to the
general profit upon the whole of our manufacturing opera-
tions. Gold, our readers will perceive, continues still too
fatally to verify our reiterated predictions. The bullion ac-
count of the Bank of England published to-day exhibits a
further decrease. 11,600,000/. is the whole store amount,
over the perhaps 20,000,0001. of gold in circulation, to meet
the floating demands which may be made upon the " con-
vertible " paper issued to represent all the evolutions of
our immense trade ; the preliminary bargains in
the scrip of new railway schemes, the hypothecated
capital cf which exceeds 600,000,000/. ; the weekly drain for
wages of the enormous establishments in our manufacturing
districts ; for wages of all the workmen and staff of the
great lines of railway on the Continent, which are worked by
British capital ; for salaries, pay, &c., of all our immense
public services ; and for our foreign commercial remittances.
The price of gold that is, the difference between the Act of
Parliament or Mint price of the metal—at standard fineness,
and its realisable or market value—is so palpably in favour
of the foreign importer of grain or goods who has balances
to be paid here, that he rejects at once all those of your
manufactures of which he is not in want as matters of indis-
pensable necessity. He will be paid in English paper—cheque,
bill, or bank-note ;he carries it to this Bank of England, and
converts it into gold, and gold being dearer at Hamburgb,
in Paris, at Lubeck, Bremen, &c., " it follows" (to use the
phrase of our City correspondent) that he ;sakes his market
of it at either of those great European marts. The reaction
on the Bank of England is this :—the enhanced value of the
gold in the market above the price at which it is
compelled by Act of Parliament to pay it on de-
mand over its counter, increases in a far greater
and prompter ratio than its raising its rates of discount and
its contraction of its own paper issues can check this ten-
dency to dearness in the gold market, or raise the value of
its own paper in the exchanges. But what is the effect of
all those causes in combination? The raising of the rate of
discount, the diminution of the gold bullion in deposit, and
the contraction of its paper currency, to which the Bank na-
turally and properly resorts as a precautionary means of
alleviating the pressure upon its resources arising from the
scarcity of gold and the convertibility into gold of those, paper
issues on demand, aggravate and accelerate the declining
must—inevi-
tably tendencies not of the money and share markets alone, but of
ttalibelywhmoolest-4
traideatofetvheen UmnoirteedthKeinn
Kingdom,
eleventh and
eritht— hour,
°n
some
timely and vigorous exercise of the authority of the
SOVEREIGN do not avert the desperate and imminent peril
of the impending catastrophe—result in a ruinous and
overwhelming panic. We deny that for such a panic the pre-
vailing railway share speculation mania, lamentable though
it may be, will be mainly responsible. The responsibility
will rest on a single head. The disaster will be attributable
to Sir Ronsurr PEEL, if he perversely refuse any longer to
procure the issuing of an Order in Council, in the first place
to open the ports. If you relieve the people from their pre-
sent well-grounded apprehensions of a svinterfamine, or, at
any rate, fearful privation;you:will go far to restore confi-
dence and cheerfulness to the public mind. If N*oll would
re-establish that banished cheerfulness, and that shaken con-
fidence, another Order in Council must suspend the opera-
tion of the Currency Acts of the years 1819, 1826,
and 1844. We defy any man to show how the
dangers that threaten us, and that have already cast such a
gloom over the City, can be averted by any means short, in
their virtual effect of these. When Sir ROBERT PEEL com-
menced his career of monetary legislation he assigned the
dangers of " over speculation" as the prime motive of his
fatal officiousness. When he introduced his complement Bill
of last year, to consummate whatever ruin accident had
theretofore prevented him from achieving, he rested his
case on the necessity for discouraging over-speculation.
What this was, he neither did, nor attempted to define.
It was one of his sublimely vague nothings, on the credit of
which, by a species of technical skill in propounding them, he
has raised for himself a reputation of statesmanship. By
which test will the Premier be content that posterity shall
now try his pretensions? By his sliding-scale of corn duties?
All Europe is at this moment ridiculing its stupendous
failure. By his currency legislation? He has, shown him

self, on a memorable occasion, incompetent to solve his own
problem. propounded in his own words—" What is a pound ?"
A true statesman, not a Minister of expedients—agreat mind,

not a trimming, cunning one—would come forward at this mo-

ment, and without further coquetting with daily •summoned

and daily-adjourned Cabinet Councils of no conclusions--man.

fully avow the errors of his past views. To recal the past
mischiefs they have occasioned is impossible. To repair the
fault of having committed them is still in his power, by aban-

doning his attachment for them, and manfully coming for-
ward to tear with his own hand his own Bills from out of the

Statute-book. In consideration of the more immediate, press.
ing, and extensive of the calamities his counsels have en.

opening the ports,
tailed upon the kingdom, let him begin by
and breaking his unhappy sliding-scale, bury its fragments
deeper than the unholy wand of Prospero.

Accounts from Madrid of the 30th ult. state that the Funds
continued to rise—a singular feature in a country without
credit, and at a time when the public funds in England,
France, and every solvent state, are on the decline. The
Three per Cents. were officially quoted at 244 for cash, but
out of doors they sold at 25
4. Private operations in the
Three per Cents. were done at 35% % for cash, and 36
for time ; Coupons, 25 for cash.

The Gazette publishes various regulations for the. execu-
tion of the royal decree of Sept. 17, relative to public schools
and universities. The following paragraph relative to the
everlasting topic of the QUEEN'S marriage,
appears in the
Castellano, which we hope may be true :—" We may affirm,
on pretty good authority, that the Ministry hare come to no
decision relative to her MAJESTY'S marriage,
and that there
exists no engagement on the part of the Government on that
point. We may add, that the Ministry have retained all the
independence and freedom they require, to submit to her
MAJESTY what may best suit the glory and prosperity of the
country, when the time for so important a union shall have
arrived. We also believe that a national feeling animates
the whole Administration on a question of so much interest to
the prospects of the throne."

The accounts from Paris of the Money and Share Market
continue unfavourable. The advices from London had
caused a further depression in the Funds, and the Three per
Cents. closed 15c. and the Fives 25c. lower than on the
previous day, when they also fell. At the commencement of
business strong efforts were made to give an impulse to rail-
way :shares, and for some time with effect, but ultimately
the Daarket gave:way, and the lines were considerably lower
than, gen the ireeeding day. Thursday was settling day, and '

we are glad to find that the operation passed cff much better
than was expected. The political intelligence is without in-
tereA. The Journal des Daats has an article on the
English corn-laws, and infers from the feeling of the country
that Sir RonEnT I'EEL, at the end of the four years of his
administration,will be compelled to go much furi her even than
the alterations proposed at the eleventh hour by Lord ;roux
RUSSELL and his colleagues. In reference to the effect which
a total abolition of the existing duties might have on France
at the present time, that journal says :—" At all events, the
measures which the English Government may take cannot
endanger the supplies in other countries, and any uneasiness
which might be felt as regards France would be very prema-
ture. The accounts-received from all parts of the world give
us reason to believe that the crops are sufficiently abundant for
the wants of the people. The proximity of France might cer-
tainly, in a moment of urgency, which however, does not exis';
induce England to come and satisfy its hunger at our expense.
But that is an evil to which it will always be very easy to
apply a remedy, since the law gives an express power to the
Government to stop the exportation of the produce of the
soil by royal ordonnance. The Government has already
made use of that right, and will do so again in case of neces-
sity."

The Constitutionnel states, but without giving any autho-
rity, that the Government is seriously preparing fur an ex-
peiition against Madagascar, and for that purpose a naval
squadron is about to be formed. Several ships are to be
taken from the Bourbon station, and the division com-
pleted from the ports of France. The Princess DE JOLNVILLE
and her sun are going on well. His title, as we
have already) stated, is Duke DE PENTIIIEVRE, and on Wed-
nesday he was christened by the Archbishop of Plaits, in the
chapel of the Palace of St. Cloud, the KING and QUEEN,
their MAJESTIES of Belgium, the Duchess of ORLEANS, the
Count DE PARIS, the other Princes and Princesses, the
Prince and Princess of SALERNO, and the two Dukes of
COBURG, being present. The names given to the Prince are
PIERRE PHILIPPE JEAN MARIE D'ORLEANS. The witnesses
to the registry were the Minister Plenipotentiary of the Em-
peror of BRAZIL, with Baron GIROD (de l'Ain), and Admiral
DE HELL. The Duke DE PENTHIEVRE is the tenth grandson
of his MAJESTY. We subjoin some extracts from the Con-
tinental papers :

A letter from Pisa, in the Augsburg Gazette, states that Ibra.
him Pacha, who is in better health, was to quit the baths of San
Quilian on the 28th ult., for Florence, Rome, and Naples. In
the beginning .f January he will proceed, by the advice of his
medical attendants, to the Pyrenees. The Ambassador of France
in Tuscany had come to thank Ibrahim for the handsome reception
given to the Duke de Montpensier in Egypt.
The German Catholic Synod, now assembled at Berlin, has
fixed in the following manner the line of conduct which it intends
following, in order to place the German Church in connexion with
the State. The President declared that the State not having re-
cognised the German Catholic Church, nothing could be yet fixed
absolutely relative to their mutual relations. In order to obtain
the recognition of the State, the Synod of the three Prussian pro-
vinces of Brandenburg, Pomerania, and Saxony, has elected the
president of the commune of Breslaw to represent it,
A letter from Bonn, of October 26, says :-" All the Catholic
Archbishops and Bishops of Germany have just received au invi-
lion from Rome, to have celebrated with pomp the approaching
three.hundredth anniversary of the opening of the Council of
Trent. These prelates have addressed to the cures circulars on
this point, and to each circular they have adjoined for distribution
a great number of copies of a catechism printed at Rome, at the
end of which is found the text of the bull, anathematising Luther
and his followers. These are significant acts, at a moment when
religious questions assume each day greater gravity throughout the
whole of Germany."
On the Paris Bourse the Three per Cents, closed at 82f. 20c.;
the Five per Cents., 1171. 65c.; the Orleans Railroad Shares,
1,1701. ; Rouen, 1,006 f. 25c. ; Havre, 780 f. ; Avignon, 985 f. ;
Vierzon, 728 E ; Bordeaux, 6321. 50c.; Boulogne, 5701. ,
Troyes and Montereau, 500 f. ; Basle, 265 f. ; Northern,
76.11: 25c.; Belgian Two-and•a-Half per Cents., 56i; Spanish
Actives, 36 ; Spanish Three per Cents., 38i.
The following are the quotations for other lines :-
Paris and Lyons Railroad (Latlitte), 522 f. 50c. ; ditto
(Calon), 504 f. ; ditto (Gauneron), 507 f. 50c. ; ditto (La Pinson-
ere), 502 f. • Northern Line (Laffitte), 568 f. 75c.; ditto
Rosamel), 5331. 75c. ; ditto (Pepin Lehalleur), 525 f. ; ditto
(Decan Lebeut), 525 ; Paris and Strasburg (Ganueron),
515 f. ; ditto (Hinguerlot), 513 f. 50c. ; ditto (Bechet), 505 f. ;
Aymard, 91. 30c. ; Tours and Nantes (Mackenzie), 22f. ;
ditto (Drouillard), 50-If.; ditto (O'Neill), 5101. 50c.; ditto
(Lefevre), 504 f. ; Lyons and Avignon (Talabot), 527 f. 50c. ;
ditto (Lecointe), 510 f. 50c.; ditto (Cotnpagnie Meridionale),
505 f. 50c. ; Bordeaux and Cette (Mackenzie), 2tl; ditto (Es-
peleta), 5121. 50c.; Creil and St. Quentin (Carette), 508 f.
50c. ; ditto (Colbert), 50If.
LYONS, Nov. 4.-Mirseilles and Avignon, 998 f. 25c.
Paris and Orleans, 1,288 f. 77c.; Paris and Rouen, 1,012 f. 50c.;
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 7.
Anglo-Belgian.. 33/4 Luxembourg
Boulogne and Amiens.. 9 'Madrid and Valentia -
Bordeaux &Mediterraa - Namur and Liege 31%
Bordeaux and Toulouse - North Jamaica ... ...•
Do. & Cette (Espeleta) - Orleans and Vierzon .. 17
Do. (Mackenzie's) .. - Orleans and Bordeaux 93/4
Central of Spain - ;Over Yssel ....... ........ -
Demerara - 'Paris & Lyons (Laffitte) 2
Dendre Valley ... - Ditto (Ganneron's).
1)' ... ••• -

dutch Rhenish ...... 7
Dieppe & Paris Janet.
Dijon and Mulhouse ...
East Indian
Fampoux & Hazebrouk
Grt Northern of France
(Laffitte's)
Ditto (Rosamel's)
Do. (Le Boeuf)
Do. Pepin to Halleur —
Great Paris and Lyons —
Great Western Bengal
Great Western Canada 14 p
Jamaica S Mid. Junction
Do. North Midland —
Do. Extension
Jersey
Louvain and Jemeppe —
Lyons and Avignon

Ditto (Caloa's)....
[Paris and Orleans
'Paris and Rouen . 36
Paris and Strasburg
( Gann eron's )
Do. (Ayinards)
Do. (Compte de L'Est•)
Paris and St. Quentin.
Rouen and Havre —
Royal North of Spain —
Sambre and ➢ieuse
'Strasburg and Basle -
Tournay,Jurbise, Lan-
dent, and Hasselt
I Tours and Nantes
(Mackenzie's)
Do. (Lefebvre's) —
Verona and Ancona —
West Flanders

The Cabinet Ministers are leaving town. Lord Wham-
cliffe left town this morning for the north. Sir Robert Peel
is expected to take his departure this afternoon for Windsor
Castle, on a visit to her Majesty. Lord Aberdeen also pro-
ceeds to Windsor Castle in the course of the day. Others
of the Ministers are also about leaving town.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge has
accepted an invitation to dine at the Lord Mayor's banquet, on Mon-
day next, at Guildhall.
Viscount Canterbury has left town on a visit to
the Duke and Duchess of Beaufort, at Badminton.
Viscountess Canning has been on a tour in Ger-
many, but has since repaired to Curraghmore, to make a short stay
with the Marquis and Marchioness of Waterford. The Noble Vis-
count is detained in town by the duties of his office.
The Earl of Radnor has subscribed the sum of 50
guineas towards the building fund for completing the north wing of
the University College Hospital, making the total recent contribu-
tions 2,6821. 15s. Gd.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby have
arrived at Florence, and in good health. We have reason to believe
that the Noble Marquis and Marchioness Intend to remain abroad at
least six months longer.
The Marquis of Waterford, after a brief stay at
Mivart's Hotel, has gono to Curraghmore, his seat in Ireland. The
Marchioness, who came to visit Lord and Lady Stuart De Rothesay,
at their seat near Christchurch, has returned to Curraghmore.
The Earl of Wilton is expected to return to this
country towards the end of this month, from Nice. The Noble Earl,
on his return, is expected to repair to Melton Mowbray, to enjoy the
pleasures of the chase for a month at least, though his Lordship has
given up his hunting-box there to Viscount and Viscountess Newport
end the Hon. Colonel and lion. Mrs. Anson, as we stated some weeks
back.

CHATHAM DISTRICT OF CHELSEA PENSIONERS.—.
Agreeably to orders received from the Right Hon. Secretary at War,
the local companies of the Chatham District of Chelsea Pensioners
are directed to assemble for drill, at head-quarters, in the following
order :—First company, on Wednesday, the 12th instant, and the
three following days ; the second company on Monday, the 17th
instant, and the three consecutive days ; and on the 21st both com-
panies will assemble together for drill at the same hour. Among the
number of men discharged during the week was one of the name of
William Evans, of the 2d Rifle Brigade, who received his discharge
after the lengthened service of 32 years and seven months, receiving
a pension of 2s. 54d. per day ; and although 47 years of age, he ap-
pears a young man. He was wounded severely at 'the battle of Wet-
terloo. He served eleven years in the Mediterranean, was in the
Netherlands, and also in America, and the last three years he was
the sergeant sad quartermaster-sergeant of the brigade. Ile has
since his discharge been appointed one of her Majesty's Yeomen of
the Guard.
The laying down of wires underground from the
electric telegraph of the Paris and Rouen Railroad to the Ministry of
the Interior is sow completed. The Minister has already made use
of this mode of communication, and the service is placed at the dis-
posal of all the departments of the Government wanting to send dis-
patches in that direction.
WAKEFIELD CORN MARKET, Nov. 7.—The sup-
plies of all grain are liberal, and a fair quantity of samples offering
tlefm vessels near at hand. There was a very limited business done
to-day in all grain, ourmillers buying only to supply their immediate
wants until the decision of the Government on the corn-laws be
known. Prices of Wheat must be quoted Is. lower for old, and Is. to
2s. for new. Barley Is. to 2s. per quarter cheaper. Oats seld at
4d. per stone, and Shelling Is. to 2s. per load less money. Beaus
rather lower. In Malt no alteration.
Robert Hall, Esq., barrister-at-law, has been ap-
pointed by Sir James Graham, Bart., to the office of Recorder for the
borough of Doncaster, In the room of the late Sir Gregory Lewin.
The late James Johnson, M.D., of Suffolk-place,
Pall-mall, late editor of the Medico-Chirurgical Review, has left to his
eldest son, James Henry, his valuable library in Suffolk-place, and
two-thirds of his Interest in the said Review, and the remaining
third to his son Athol, to whom he has also left all the unsold copies
of works written by him, and all his interest in copyrights. To his
wife, he has left the leasehold at Park Village West, with the furni-
ture, books, pictures, plate, kc., with a power of disposal and ap-
pointment. To his daughter, Georgians, he las left a legacy. The
residue of his real and personal estate he leaves to his sons, the wife
taking a life-interest in a considerable portion. The personal estate
was sworn under 30,000/.
OJIRBEWAT INDIANS.—The twelve Ojibbeway
Indians, now la Paris, were last week invited by his Majesty the
King of the French, to his palace at St. Cloud, where they saw their
Majesties, likewise the King and Queen of the Belgians, and all the
Royal Family. They went through their war songs, dances, rifle
and arrow-shooting, ; and were most agreeably surprised at the
appearance of an Indian canoe on the lake, which they moat skil-
fully managed. Their feats and performances excited much interest,
and gave great satisfaction to the royal party. The Indians were en-
tertained with an excellent repast, which they dexterously handled,
not with impeding themselves by using knives and forks, but unso-
phisticatedly resorting to their fingers. His Majesty has been gra-
ciously pleased to order medals to bo struck and presented to the
chief, Mungandans, and the other Indian warriors, with which they
are highly pleased and flattered. They were attended by Mr. Catlin,
the artist and Indian traveller, whose valuable collection of Indian
pictures and curiosities excited so much public attention in England;
also by Mr. 11. Percival, the American traveller and daguerreotype
artist, who: is their conductor
'HE LATE SUICIDE IN JERSEY.—The investiga-
tion of the circumstances attending the melancholy suicide of Miss
Bond was brought to a close on Monday. After a variety of evidence
had been offered, for which we have no room, the jury retired to de-
liberate, and on their return delivered the following verdict ;—" e
are of opinion that Miss Emily Bond caused her own death by hang,.
ing, whilst labouring under temporary insanity, and, from the evi-
dence before us, it appears, she was naturally a weak-minded person;
runt we cannot but strongly,- censure the conduct of the editor of the
Jersey Tlines for having written and Inserted in that paper, on the
24th of October last, a paragraph entitled A Cruel Love Iloa-• —a
hoax having evidently been played off upon the said Miss Bond by
some person or persons unknown."—Jersey Times.
FRENCH PLAYS.—Last evening these perfoilimances
again attracted a fashionable audience, amongst whom we noticed
the Earl of Cardigan, the Viscount and Lady Marian Alford, the
Austrian Ambassador, Sir John and Lady Charlotte Guest, Lady
Burgoyne and the Misses Buroyno, Lady Wilson, Earl of Munster,
Mr. 11. T. Hope, Mr. Hubert de Burgh, the Hon. Spencer Cowper,
Sir J. 11. Lowther, Count Kielrnansegge, Mrs. Milner Gibson, Sir
Henry Webb, &e.
ACCIDENT ON THE SCARBOROUGH RAILWAY.—
On Thursday, as the down train from York was passing, at a rapid
rate, along the Scarborough Railway, near the Kirkham station,
where workmen are employed on the line, the engine-driver gave
the usual signal, but on of the men, who was deaf, did not get out
of the way in time, and he was thrown down and completely cut in
two. No blame is attachable to any one, as the melancholy accident
was solely attributable to the poor MOw, S dealuesv.