The Sun.
London, England, 1821-11-03 00:00:00

[BRITISH PRESS.]

The Brussels Papers announce the hope enter-
tained in that city that our Sovereign will stop
for a few days there on his return to England.
The King of the Netherlands and his family will
return to Brussels for the purpose of meeting his
Majesty.—We find by intelligence from the
French frontiers, that the Government of France
is still further increasing the strength of the cor-
don of health which has been drawn round the
passes of the Pyrenees. The cold weather un-
fortunately has not realized the hopes of those
who had looked to it as the only means of
checking the virulence of the yellow fever which
ravages Spain. The disease, indeed, seems
to have rapidly advanced within the latter days
of September and the beginning of October. It
is an unhappy coincidence that we should just at
this time receive almost daily accounts of the ter-
rific effects of the yellow fever in Spain ; of the
yellow fever in some parts of the United States
of America; and of the cholera morbus in Batavia
and other places in the East.

[MORNING CHRONICLE.]
A Morning Paper, driven from the ground
upon which it hoped to make a stand against
those who generously regard, as their own, the
cause of an individual suffering in consequence
of his endeavours to preve,nt an effusion of
blood, has, by way of diverting the public
attention from its defeat, thought proper to assail
its opponent with all the malignity of verbal cri-
ticism; and certainly, had the powers of the
writer been equai to his malice, the attack would
have been most formidable. In our Paper of
Thursday we commented on the Ultra's having
ventured to contrast the magnitude of the sums
advanced by public-spirited individuals to ob-
viate the effects of a forfeiture occasioned by an
act of gross injustice, with seasonable and judi-
ciously-apportioned contributions to support the
unfortunate and afflicted. Upon this the Ultra
observes—" he talks of Sir Robert Wilson's for-
feiture having been occasioned by an act of gross
injustice—be knows as well as other people,
that it was occasioned by the interference to
which he afterwards alludes, and which he cer-
tainly does not intend to call an act of gross injus-
tice. He appears not to be aware that a forfei-
ture means a penalty attached to neglect of or
violation of some duty, and cannot be applied to
Sir Robert without confessing him to have acted
criminally."—The concluding sentence gives us
credit for extraordinary simplicity or ignorance,
in assuming that we were not aware that a forfei-
ture means a penalty attached to neglect or vio-
lation of some duty. But wesshould like to know
whether a person suffering under a penalty must
necessarily have acted criminally ? Is there no
instance of a penalty having been illegally in-
flicted ?—ls there no instance of a sentence of
forfeiture having. been reversed as illegal and
unjust ? Alight we not assert that the at-
tainder of Lord Russell, and the forfeiture
of his estates, were occasioned by an act of gross
injustice, without admitting that he had acted
criminally ? Have see not the authority of the
Legislature, in its reversal of that attainder and
forfeiture, for supposing that a forfeiture may
take place without admitting guilt on the part of
the individual ? But the Ultra thus proceeds—
" Again he speaks of a- loss sustained by an in-
terference ; an interference sustaining a loss, is
a sort of thing we never yet heard of." This is,
perhaps, a more exquisite specimen of hyper-
criticism than the former. Did the writer never
hear of a loss sustained by accident ? And yet
an accident sustaining a loss is a sort of thing
we never heard of! But to such futile cavil-
ling we disdain further reply.

THE UNITtn StATtri.

NIScELEANEOUS,

AI. BAN , 20:0. case of Stre-rong-gisce otherwise
celled Tommy .cony, a Seneca Indian, was argued at the
bar of the Supreme e;ourt, on Tuesday and Wednesday of the
present week- 'Tuffs Indian was initiated at a late court of
oyer and terminer in the county of Erie, for the murder of an
Indian woman. By his eettnsel he pleadedi to the jurisdiction
of the-court, that tne Seneca nation of Indians was a sovereign
andindependent.naTion, exercising exclusive jurisdie ion over all
°inflicts comini,t4d by one Of the nation upon any other of the
Same nation, wienra the territory belonging to them ; and teat
theprisoner, as well as the person killed, were persons belong-
ing t..) the; Seneca nation ; and the off-nee, ii any, was noultny:-
ted wiehin the territory. To this plea, -a replication was filed
in the court below, denying the allegations of the plea, and an
issue cl fact was joined, which was tried by a jury, who found
for the prisoner, according to his plea. 'the court below tills-
pendcd „wing judgment,-acid the pi oceedings Were removed by
certiorari into the supreme court. A motion was there made by
the attorney general for judgment, that the prisoner answer fur-
ther, notwithstanding the verdict of the jury. The argument.
was opened on Tuesday by Mr C. Spencer, in behalf of the
people. He was followed by Mr. Oakley, -in behalf et the pri-
soner : and on Taxesday and Wednesday, .Mr. Talcott, the at-
torney general, replied. On the part of the people it was con-
tended, that the jury had undertaken to find inference of law,
rather than fact; that the maxim which declared juries judges
of the law as well as the fact in -criedinal cases, applied only to
those cases where the merits had been put in issue by a general
plea of n6t guilty. That, therefore, tine court were not bound
by the finding of the jury to admit the conclusions of law con-
tained in their verdict. That the facts set forth in the verdict
did not establish the sovereignty of the Senecas ; and that from
treaties, laws,. and public documents, it appeared abundantly,
that they had not claimed or exercised sovereignty since 1620;
that they had repeatedly and formally acknowledged the ju-
risdiction of the English Government, and had by a formal
grant, in 1726, transferred the whole of their territory to
the British crown. It • was 'further contended, that during
the Revolution,- the Senecas were the enemies of this coun-
try, and were conquered ; tleit they acknowledged tneir con-
quest and subjection'. by a ,treaty of peace, anl by variods
treaties since. In behalf of the .prisoner, various technical ex-
ceptions were made, and - particularly chat the finding of the
jury in a capital case was conclusive on the court, both as to
the law and the fact. That if it was to be opened, the coun-
sel contended that it would appear that the Indian tribes in
this country had. always been recognized and treated as indepen-
dent by the Date!' and English governors ; that although the
Senecas were conquered did not necessarily imply a change
of government or of laws; that since the conquest they had
been treated as independent both by the United States and this
state;- that if jurisdiction was acquired over them by conquest, it
was that of the United States and not of this state, and that the
United States had never ceded it to this state. It is impossible
to state at length all the grounds taken in behalf of the prisoner,
but these are supposed the most material. The discussion pro-
duced a very thorough examination of all the laws, treaties, do-
cuments, and public history of the Indians • and the Court in-
timating that there was considerable difficulty in the question,
' allowed the prisoner to be bailed in 1000 dollars, to appear at
the next court of oyer and terminer of Erie county, and took
time to consider the case.

GRASS HOPPERS ! !—Extract of a letter from Fort Ossage,
dated June 13, 1821.--immense swarms of Grass-hoppers are
overrunning the whole country, and literally eating it up. Our
gardens arc nearly all destroyed, and we have no reason to hope
that any thing will be saved of them.
ALBANY, AUG. 23.—[improvement of the Hudson River.]
—A Troy correspondent informs us, that the canal Commis-
sioners, under a law of the last Session of the Legislature, have
obtained a grant from the Commis.:ioners heretofore appointed
to improve the navigation of Hudson's river between the city of
Troy 'and the Villages of bangsinburgh and Waterford, of all
their rights in relation to said improvements; and have already
contracted for deepening such parts of the bed of the river as
may require it, so that vessels navigating to Troy, may, by pas-
sing a single lock, proceed to 'Lansingburg and Waterford—
thus connecting the Champlain Canal with the sloop navigation
of Hudson's river.

:SARATOGA SPRINGS, AT:G. 22.—,-PERPETL'AL MOTION.
—There is a machine now exhibiting in this town, which is
probably nearer a. perpetual motion than any thing which was
ever before invented. It in fact possesses a self-moving power,
and would, doubtless, continue in operation, until worn out, or
prevented from moving by accident. It consists of a Wheel and
ivory balla or rollers, so constructed, that while the balls on one
side are protruded, those of the opposite side are inclined to- '
wards the centre of the wheel, thus keeping up a rotative and
continual motion. This power is also applied to a clock, which
preserves excellent time, and which may, apparently, be kept
in motion for years.
MECTIANICS.—I saw a new and novel machine in operation
in tins House, (Shakers, Wateryleet Albany), so full of inge-
nious mactiniery, which deserves a place among the most use-
ful discoveries in mechanics of the present day. It is a circular
buzz, of thin, soft sheet iron, six inches in diameter,which cuts
the hardest steel.; almost with the ease of tallow. The buzz
is well secured by cotrels on an axis turned by a band, and
Moved with inconceivable velocity, and the engine is so con-
structed as to secure in a proper position and bring into con-
tact whatever you wish to cut. A steel saw mill saw plate was
placed in the machine, having the old teeth all taken off, and in
four minutes it cut with perfect accuracy, 11 teeth—or half cut—.
for in order to finish the cutting, the saw must be turned in the
machine, so as to come work-wise for cutting the other half.—
With a machine or this kind in perfect order, I should say the
old teeth might all be cut from an old saw mill saw, into a
perfectly straight line, and a new set of teeth cut, gaggisil per-
fectly, in less than an hour. The cutting is done so accurately,
that very little filing is necessary to complete the dressing of
the saw for business. The operation of this machine is a sort
of phenomenon in mechanical philosophy. I saw it in opera-
tion in July, 1817, and immediately sent a description of it to the
publishers of the new Cyclopedia, but I do not know whether it
has been published. The Shakers consider the discovery too use-
ful to be monopolised by a patent, and consented to my giving it
publicity as public property. - Like most others, this discovery
was matte by accident. A piece of sheet tin nearly round, was
put into a lathe, and a file applied to the edge in order to dress
it down to a perfect circle. The file had no effect on the tin, but
the tin cut the file, as in other matters it sometimes happens
that the biter gets bitten. Learning this fact, an ingenious
young shaker, Preegift Wells, tried the experiment, succeeded,
and constructed the machine which I saw. I applied to it
pieces of old files, and it cut them in two almost as quick as a
candle could have been cut with a hot iron._
(Ballston Farmer.)
CENSUS or NEW YORK.—The following statement is
takerofrom the official returns of the population of every county
in the state, under the late United States' Census :—Total,
1,372,812—0 f whom there arc tiB7,Biio free white males, and
653,223 females. Foreigners, not naturalized, 15,1111. There
are engaged in agriculture, 247,1148 ; in commerce, 9,113 ; in
manufactures, 60,038.—Ontario County contained, 30 years
since, only 1;l00 souls—the last census gives it 83,260.
Agreeable to the present arrangement of steam boats and
stages, a person may leave Philadelphia at six o'clock in the
morning, and arrive at the Springs the next day at 4 F.M.
distance of 2134 miles in 34 hours.

•
An ingenious artizan, by the name of Brewster, in Norwich,
(Con.) has constructed a machine for spinning woo',i which is
now in .successful operation at NIL Watkinson's Factory, at I
Middletown, Wolcott's at Torrington, Huntington's at Nor-
wich, and at several other places. It requires two females to
work this machine. Their ordinary task is 200 run a-day : and
what is more remarkable, the machine is so constructed as to
gunge the yarn to any, and an equal fineness, and spool it at
the seine time.
The inn-door paupers maintained at the alms-house in Phila.
delphia, amounted to 873, on the 28th ult.—The out-door pan-
pers amounted to 1652—together 2525 t The population of the
city and county, according to the late census, was 136,923—50
that the rate of paupers is. about as one to 51 1-4 of the whole
population. Of the in-door paupers 382 were foreigners--291
of them natives of the British dominions.
There are not less than 2500 islands in the navigable waters
between St. Regis, on the St. Lawrence, and lake Superior.—
Some of thtan contain from 10,000 to 100,000 acres.
BOSTON, SEPT. s.—On Monday afternoon the• citizens of
this town and vicinity witnessed the first successful aerial excur-
sion attempted here. Agreeably to notice given, Mr. Guille
ascended in his balloon, (without a parachute) from Washington
Gardens between four and five o'clock ;—rose majestically over
the trees of the mall, passed at a considerable height, over the
Common, and part of Mount Vernon, crossed Charles river, and
landed in perfect safety near the Ten Hills farm, on the Medford
turnpike—having traversed nearly 3 miles in about 14, minutes.
If any man, ten years ago had said that a st.atni boat would
arrive at Norristown on the Schuylkill, from Philadelphia, he
would have been laughed at. The steam boat Norristown,
Capt. Hewett, intended as a regular trader between Norristowa
and Philadelphia foLthe accommodation of freight and passen-
gers, is about 100 tons burthen, and is intended to be a regular
trader between Reading and Philadelphia.
CANAL.—The contractors have commenced the excavation
and embankment of the canal, through this city, with an ani-
mation which promises its speedy completion. The work hAs
been progressing during the summer on the whole line from
Utica to within a few miles of this city, and it is confidently said
that the water will be let in this season as far down as the vil-
lage of Canajoharie.
MILLIGAN TAYEN.—The steam boat brought intelligence
4t Milligan,hoaniltles tr o n who robbed Montreal, 0
ti the t hr pot:
a n itxo bank,presc Prescott.
Most of thea taken about
money was found on him. He was, with his accomplice, Hugh
IVelehman, immediately placed into safe keeping.

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