The Sun.
London, England, 1817-04-09 00:00:00

IS ()11S.

And these are to be supposed men, women,
and children, of all ages, capacities, 'and dis-
positions ;
.most .of them very . ignorant ;
many with bad and' vicious habits, possess,'
in g only the ordinary bodily and mental fa-
etittim.s.of. human bvitip• ; and whti require to be
supported Out of the funds appropriatcu to tiro
maintenance of the Poor--,-individnals who are at
present not only useless and a direct burthen• on
the public, but whose moral influence is highly
pernicious, since they are the medium by which
ignor,ince, and certain classes of vicious habits
and crimes, are fostered and perpetuated in society.
It is evident, that while the poor are snflered fo,
remain under the circumstances in which they have
bitheitti existed, they,. And their children, with
very few. exceptions, Will- continue unaltered to
succeeding generations. , •
In order to effect any radically beneficial change
in their character, they must be removed from the
influence of such circumstances, anti placed rimier
those which, being congenial to the natural con,
stitution of man, antl.the well-being of society,
cannot fail to produce that amelioration in their
condition, which all classes: have in great an in-
terest in promoting.
Such circnrostances; after incessant application
to the subject, I have endeavoured to combine: in
the arrangement of .theestablishment represented
in the drawings, so far as the present state of' so-
ciety Will perMit. These I will now attempt to
explain more particularly.
Each lodging• room is to accommodate a man,
Lis wife, and two children under three years of.
age ; and to be such as will permit them to have
Jutish more comfort than the dwellings of the
poor usually afford. ,It is intended'that Ihe chil-
dren .abOve three years of age should attend the
school, eat in the mess-room, and sleep in the
dorMitories, the parents being of course permitted
• to-see and converse with them at meals, and all
Other proper times. 'That before they leaVe School,
they shalt be well instructed in all necessary and
rueful: kliwv.ledge ; that every possible Means
should be adopted to prevent the acquirement cif
bid habits, front their parents or otherwise ; •that •
Jto pains shotild he spared to impress upon them
such habits and Aisposition3 as may be most con-
clusive to their hat'ipineis through life, as Well as
render them useful and valuable members of the
community to which they belong. •
It is proposed that "the women should be'em-
ployed, in the first plaee, in the care of their in-
fants, anti in' keeping their divellings in thebeat
order. 2dly, In cultivatnig tl,e gwleiim to raiv:.
vegetable% for the supply Of the public kitchen
•Silly, In attending to such-of the branches 'of the
various manufactures as women can well Under-
take; but not to be employed more than.foar or
five hours in the day. 40.1 Y, In making up
clothing for the inroltes
,of the astablislonent.
&tidy, In attettding occasionally, and In rotation,
in the public kitchen, mess-rooms, and 'dormito,
ries ; and, when•propeq instru;:ted,.in Sttpecin-
tending some 'parts. of the education of the
children itt the schoOls." •
It is proposed that the elder children should' be
tliined to assist in gardening and manufacturing
ifLe • a portion of the. day, according to their
strength ;'and that the men should be employed,
of them, in' agricnlture, and alio in manufac-
tures, or some other occupation, for the benefit
olthe establishntent.
The iguorauce of the poor., .their ill training,

499, ktat?o,l4l76lficat:Con, .ni•Ake it -Itcres •
sary that those of the present- generation should
be activ.ely., and „regularly -ocmipied tbecingh the
day ,itt some essentially useful work ; yet in .such
a manner,. that, their, employment should be
healthy prOtlnetiv'e.. The Plan which has been
described will Most an ply admit of this.
In.order..to.olfrr some practical idea•of the ex-
pences that would he incurred in founding such an
establishment forNOti souls, thp following items
are subinitted

„ .
SCHEDULE OP- EXPENCES FOR FORMING AN ESTA-
BLISHMENT FOR TWELVE HUNDRED MEN, WO-
MEN, AND CHILDREN.'
-”. • .If the Land be 'pludbased,
1200 Acres of Land, at 301. per acre L,86,000
Lodging ApartMents for 1,200 Persons„ • 17,000
Three,Puhlic Roildings within the Square - 11,000
Manufactory, Slaughter-house, and Washing-house 8,000
Furnishing SOO Lodging Rooms, at 81. each.. . 2,400
Furnishing Kitchen, Schools, and Dormitories.. , 3,000
Two Farming Establishments; with Corn Mill, Malt-
ing and Brewing Appendages., 5,000
Meting the Interior of the Square and Roads 3,006
Stock Mr the'Farm under Spade Cultivation - 4,000
Cuntifjgeneies and Extras 6,600

L.1)63000

. _
Which being divided by MR, gives a capital
to be advanced of 801. per head, or at 5 per cent.
per annum, 41.. each per year.
Thus, at so small anmexpence as a rental of 4/.
per bead, may these unemployed poor be put into
a condition to maintain themselves, and, as may
be easily conceived, quickly to repay the capital
advanced, if thought necessary.
But, if the Lind be rented, only GO,OOO/. capital
would be required.
There are several modes by which this plan may
be effected. . _

It may be accomrlished by individuals, by
parishes, by counties, by districts, &C. compris-
ing more counties than one, and by the nation at
large through its government.—Some may prefer
one mode, sonic another ; and it wmpld be ad-
vantageous certainly to have the experience of the
greatest variety of particular nodes, in order that
the plan which such diversified practice should
prove to be' the best, might afterwards be gene-
rally adopted. It may therefore be put lotto exe-
cution by any parties, according to their own lo-
calities and views. -

The first thing necessary is to raise a, sum of
money adeqnate to purchase the land (or it may
be rented) to build a square, manufactbries, farm.
houses, and their appendages, to stock thetatro;
and provide every thing to put the whole. iu mo-
tion.

• Proper persons must be procured to superintend
the various ;departments, until others. should be
trained in the establishment to supply their places.
The labour of the persons admitted may then be
applied to procure a. comfortable support for
themselves and their children, and to repay, as
as ►night be required, the capital expended 'on
their establishment.

When their labour shall', be Pints properly and
temperately directed, under an intelligent system,
easy of practice, it will soon be land to be more
than sufficient to supply ,every reasonable want.
Of man, how vain and useless to acknowledge
the truth of the principle that men may he train-
eti to produce more than they' will .consume,
less the means shall be devised by which the prin.
s;i.t.. may tie carried into practice ! ,The period
is arrived when it may be most adVantageetti,ityptit
into practice, And the period is also arrived when
the state of society imperiously requires the adop.
tion of some Measures to relieve the wealthy and
industridus front the increasing burthens of the
poor's rate, and the poor front their increasing
misery and degradation.
It is impoSsible to find language, sufficiently
strong to express the-inconsistency, as well as the
injustice, of our present proceedings towards the
poor and working classes. They are left in gross
-ignorance. They are permitted to be trained up
in habits of vice and in the eonsmi(sion Of crimes ;
and, as it purposely to keep theM in ignorance and
.vice, and goad them on. to commit criminal acts,
they are perpetually surrounded with temptations
which cannot fail to produce all
,those effects.
The' system,
,tar rather want of system, which
exists with, regard to the managementof the poor,
has been emphatically condemned by a long and
Painful experience,
The immense sums annually raised for their re-
lief are lavished in utter disregard of every prin-
ciple of public justice or economy. They offer
greater reWard: for idleness and vice than for in-
dustry anti virtue ; and thus directly operate to
increase the degration and misery,of the classes
whom they are designed to serve. No sum, how-
._ ever chin-mons, administered after this. manner,
could be productive of any other result : ra-
,ther will pauperism and wretchedness 'increase_
along with the increase of an expenditure thus
applied.
The poor and unemployed Working classes,
however, cannot, must not, be abandoned to their
fate, lest the consequences entail misfortune on
us all. Instead of being left as they noW are, to
'the domiliion of ignorance, and to the Influence
of eirentnstances which are fatal tri their inilustry.
tsticl:6l,lolls,---a situation in which it is easy to
perceive the itiefficacy, or rather, the injuriousness
of granting them a provision in a were pecuniary
shape---they shOuhl, • on the contrary, be afforded
the mean; of procuring a certain and comfortable
i),)s!';tcnce by their labour, aindera system which
'13,-.)t
.only dir'ect that labour and its 'earnings
to the best advantage, but, at the sante time,
place than under -circumstances the most favour-
able,to the growth of. morals and of happiness...,
In. short, instead of allowing theits habits to pro.
seed under the werst influence possible, or rather
as it were to be left to chance, thus producing nu,
intentionally crimes that render necessary the. se.
.verities 'of our penal code,—let a system for the
prevention of tfanisetistu and of crimes be adopt-
ed, and the:operation of our penal Code will soon
be restricted to very narrow limits.
The outlines of such a plan, it is presumed;
AniVe been';' however imperfectly, suggested and
sketched in this Report.
It may be hoped that the Government of th'

country Is now sufficiently alive to the necessity
of abandoning the principle on which all our Le.
gislative measures on this subject have hitherto
proceeded ; Fur nothing short of this can place
the Empire din permanent sAfety. Until the pre-
ventive principle shall beceins the bitsis of Lezisi

hake proce6llngs, ;t be 'vain ttitlook for any
mtasures beyond partial temporary expedients,
which will letrve- society Aftiinwroved, or involve
it in a mach worse state. •

If such should "be.. the conviction of Govern-
ment, the change proposed in the management
of the poor and unemployed working classes will
be much better directed, nationally titan•privately.
In fact, litany of the benefits to bet derived to
society at large will not be realized until the plan
become national.

Should the practical outline, which is now sub-
mitted, be approved, and engage the attention of
Parliament, the next consideration
.would be, in
what manner it may be carried into effect with the
least loss of time, and without immediate or future
injury to the .resources of the country. ••
The money necessary for founding Establish-
ments on the principle.of the Me now proposed,
may .be -obtained by consolidating the Funds of
some of the Public Charities ; by equalizing the
rate, and borrowing on their security.* •,The
Poor, including those belonging to Public Charities,
should be made national.

Hence trill arise a superabundance of funds and
labour. The country shOuld be surveyed, and die
bust situations for these agricultural and manu-
facturing establishments be ascertained.
Such as can be the most easily procured, in va-
riot's parts of the kingdom, should be fairly va-
l►►ed, and purchased by the Notion, on perpetual
lease, or otherwise, and be properly laid out by
competent persons for the purposes required. The
labour of the poor and unemployed may be most
advantageously applied to the execution of every
part of the work, under the direction of proper
persons appointed to superintend the various de-
partments.

Nothing new would be required ; all that could
be wanted is in daily practice all over the king-
dom.

The land and houses would not only possess
their original worth, but as the plan advance►i,
both
,would materially increase in, value, and all
the districts in the neighbourhoods of these com-
munities would partake of the general ameliora-
tion which they could not fail to introduce in a
very extensive degree.
When these arrangements shall be adopted and
carried into execution,—and sooner or later they
must order to permanently relieve the na-
tional distresses, new and extraordinary conse-
quences will follow. The real value of the land
and labour will rise, while all the production of
laud andlabour will fall•; mechanism will be of

more extensive worth and benefit to, society ; every
encouragement may be given.to its extension, and
its extension will go on, ad infinitum, but only in

aid of, Bud not is competition with, hutnar
labour,
•
A summary of the advantages tube derived fram
the execution of such a-plan may be presentee
under the following heads : • .

1. Expensive as such a system for the unemploy-
ed poor may appear to a superficial observer, it
will be found, on mature investigation, by those
who understood all the consequences, of such a

combination, to be by fur the most economical
that has yet been devised.
2. Many of the unemployed poor are now in a

state of gross ignorance, and have been trained
hi bad habits—evils which, under the present
system, are likely to continue for endless genera-
tions. The arrangements proposed offer the most
certain means, in a manner gratifying to all the
parties intetestcd, and to every liberal mind, of
overcoming both their ignorance and their bad
habits, in one generation.

3. The greatest evils in society arise from man

kind being trained in principles of disuoion. The
proposed measures offer to unite men-in the pur-
suit of common objects for their mutual benefit,
by presenting an easy practicable plan for gra-
dually withdrawing the causes of difference among
individuals, and of making their interest and duty
vcry,generally the same.
4. This system will also afford the most simple
and effectual means of .giving the best habits and

sentiments to all the. children of the unemployed
poor, accordingly as stitiety shall *be able to dc-
termine-what habits aod seiltiments, or what cha-
racter, ought to he given to them.
5. It will likewise offer the most powerful means
of improving We habits and general conduct of
the -present unemployed adult poor, who have
been grossly neglected by society from their in-
fancy.-
_

6. Owing to the peculiar- arrangement of the
plan, it will give to the poOr, in return for their
labour, more valuable, subtantial, and pertua-
nent comfort, than they have ever yet beeu able
to obtain.

7. In one generation it will supersede the ne-
cessity of poo► rates, or any pecuniary gifts of
charity, by preventing any one from being poor,
or subject to such unnecessary degradation.
8. It will offer the means of gradually increas-
ing the population of such unpopulons. districts of
Europe stud America as may be deemed• necessary,
and of. erabling—a. much greater population, to
subsist in comfort on A given spot, if requisite',
titan, existed before ; iii short, of increasing, the
strength and political power ,of..the country in
which it shall be adopted, more than tenfold.
9. It is so easy, that it may be put into,prac-
tice with less ability and exertion, than ate-nectl-
sary to establish a new manufacture in a new
situation. Many individuals of ordinary talents
have.formed establishments which possess com-
binations much more complex. In fact, there
would not be any thing required which is not
daily pet formed in common society, and which,
tutd4 the propw:ed arrangement, might not be
much more easily accomplished.
10. It will effectually relieve the manufactur-
ing and labouring poor front their present deep
distress, without violently or inetnaturely- inter-
fering with, the existing institutions, of society.
11. It will,permit mechanical inventions and
improvements to be carried to any extent, for by
the proposed arrangement every improvement in

* Or the funds may be raised by borrowing of individuals
who have now a surplus capital uneiupluyed ; by burro:itipg
from the Sinking Fund ; or by any other gnancial arrange-
ment that ma}- he deemed preferable. "This establishments
rapidly increasing in .value by the labour of the individuals
on Ow land, will soon I.iicutee:sr. sufficient security fur large
propation of the amity that Ray La expended in tb s pur-
chase.

y.

m.fiecals.
i
II(
ii
i Mhuman ‘vP ll'
1111)) en
ut er
I.
1 '1
erc i d
12th, and lastly. sld
Every-part cf society Ivo
be .
...
.essentially benefited by this eliaoge io the coo.
dit.lon of the poor. Some plan, boded 0006
subsercient to, an
principles as have been deveioped herein, Wear;
sobsAutely necessary to secure the ivell•belog°l
t c.iety 1 Its will as revent the ofilicting We'
acie of tbousauds diningp in want, sod smitliti
P_uperabundance of IneVS, to well.train,theOlei
.It.lll°Y, and support. in comfort, a voPulati°ll°
least four times the present numbers.
------......
n futli
tuiRAT:EQ:A:AKES IN SWlTeZitEhll: tki.:l):
R--.....c1i
28........5ve
[MORE PARTICULARS.]
LA *
know Wlyat passes on or under our eafil''.,it,
trembles ever} where. We are reaping titilli7
aotteinded.with
midst of of winter ; it freezes in spring ; the t' It;
lefrbolt falls amid the snow--we.kool n roots
alloi the
o v
er !natter.
Savoy, ..i.bl;tseppalginc. oilin,tierilynt :It apv eoboo,ic,,,,ie:;
n.
f.tt.lareauvaarl)l74ofeaCrititalquiunatkitei i,
daughter
1111.011 a second, and on the 42illit a third On 1:011: great disasters. So catty osill_e:lL,
From the Ist to the Sth of Alarch a ciole"t
1". Oiitlil
I
fore,! ‘li
Bfch.alp.r,ov-t.altorh-.:01111-encigiraolei•leet)le.hirr,Ilseevve'ralaizisati:p.isocicrerillati °lop\plaseelvaaatilJ;h:t(::::cip:ie'leiluseirisi6ceeelu'rel..eile‘t.v°tOtiviYi'l'eciir'ce:)6elltl.2.llPsivs!t'p.(::ldir;finite'tPlii'
I for
to_. whom it was inhabited, only llv° f.,„, ot
ciisitit:oictd:ieteri
itr:::::ttisii:ef:frristiott:lit.:!,t,t,:it.
Bresti earl ittet;lie was felt ; the coocuol'ltc,d
!re' 41 e roofs of the churches of Des i';`,o,, its
_1!) ence excited general terror when.iV, to sosa
ftrglitful breaking of the glaciers. P‘ c. Old $
vivid
, lightning was seen On Mat plane,
On the
in an opposite quarter of 111`0...1 woe
on the I 1 th and 12tii sithfcrrimeati o 0:11,000,
during; the ‘vho e nib .
succeeded, and coothnied t.O Ille,rvis:l'eli,
1005Cotaava,t.00i'Lttl:‘Itiesl.ielh7o,sl.:s:a,oiroo'BliIdlt,enf:ca1d.tei.i10aa:l(14ettyc(°y:kdailn'.inaic0.ecix°tci.jrilIlict:),ek,!ittensieic3tta:ekGbInsti'i'ine)oipenglpicica.)lt'oelkrlsi,j'.'ifot::Iecrgt,:it,I1):j,lci.Iat,'':gaslnrs'r'ttt°,iri:Ijltaeeclrisi!a::cl;'oic..tci,:c''p;ljd:Ail,ido:isl:i:oll,itifgl'riei,.c:.lf'
:.
'''liliteCiPtitirel:tintlit ai".tIb'loil:elltil:::8111:17ei 4ilgeboelf.l aii:!:: ele(':;c;llo°c4l)lll'6'ca:lls.l:ite'.'it':-r'illitlerl;e4jiljeeref::::::s:
,Pe. in consequence
labourersr were employed in enittiViloor, rub
r, and filling op a chasm made by the .00,i bee
n a sudden, a hill of sand rolled (10°1
.41f1
e,,551- , ~
the City of London will be 1101(1°0000•r,
'for the the trials of assalilts,- 110101)0,4r 00J!
jo
burenitnieoalf,otlfoiroteelec:rd.:afatittg.ieitheicgirceicsciitdtoeini,riocinviyn,ovlcebr.st,teliiii,,etsineShggenocTsmi,:sics,,i,oo3:;triil.,:.iiscb::l6:attticotYs,,tl(i.tc.ecti,:lt:ll:
mine -
about
wtalhlnVl
in Between Tuesday night antl IS, ell; to bi
oirk‘loritt,
1 I OP/ Oat
o,g.,last , eleven felons fount, ta'':n or. 'p
of
Chelmsford gaol, and Wise ine'roopoll,:l`,:e
d Gaol Delivery, will 000'
~.1; them were' under sentence c'f ,pane'trrioa
~t 4
taken. fel (WS :9,
A very ! s - Geol.,'
says a}, , I,
A . retied ~. aper, in the Pas. 501'00 ,10,11)
frantic young man, scarcely 16, "r 491,0 lasilc9„111
return antic passion for a girl Of 15, ``.,'"gperete 100
ought,._o to have been' iii:lselgelcs°(tif,init'i'ecuee'":lttie°;:aPti:aPcilie;:li,
0 tiring house, where he cotild See tliel;!S ,tll
of the young lady ; end, ascent- tt,to,
iiogt" r 100'
story, blew . .in preclPl ll',
from 011 t
his
bra°
tlii window. lens At vo. a; ~t
One of the ACidtiCS in the pr 0060. 0„i,;
Lthe seat of the fluke a IVIABL00°,40:1111::11,1e, I')
I'
" "it° on the night of Stio(l4 5' leo tlig.r‘.o4
brace of which were carried ou'li r,g
~,, II I,',
g°itl and seven silver pheasants allsc, VII
.0
supposed to be sent to Loild,°°' has o'''‘)ll '''4
ti
Oil Good Friday foto or five - ' c,it.,! erc
'toe troop of tumblers, conjorori4lfigiatric,i pt
ConteCOmmitted tO Britlewell ilooioo tf
to enliven the sports of ;14010 d,:ifi4
a.U. improp .exercise of their 60'0 'lr.('
divine serverice .--(Liverpool Ada"' 0000.:, froil
Saturday se'nnight, shout lell
reilionAoik'
monk,
Taunion market, he was attaeli,e,",lo,o tool o.
brook and his imilie by IWO
.felliorse,, i!,jeljili'l
dresses, who. pulled blot Off 'lO,OlO, ol:pl
butcher, of Thorn, ws!, hcote,et'aild,ii,
cruelty beating him with b111":"1, did r‘1,../
of between 51. and 61. with %Ole
..,...---- ,1
----:—L---"----- *------ "j'.
-........-... 00 ,
litralts. ,to Pon ailio
Yesterday w‘orning, -the Latly COP' „,,i')
sou, in All' 4• t, ,j,of ~ , inp6
mown- slk C • , .be se. 41,,fr
In Fitzwilliaw-iiquare, Pablin:`
R°Yal Navy, of .410 "ear" .71
On the ad lust•Mrs.Todd, of Ali)" ~...." 1 y
of g daughte . . ~.
_._ -,------' ' ttol)di
le'
Lulorf:,::rt.D.--ti-:v!!ti-i!L:7!:°:::YI:t!
tllkrY, to g'aral ,gnat eldest ti3uFhtL a' ,b •
of
• 'Ay s'f 11,,:), ~p ,
At Gretna Green, on 1.•.1•10''' ,3j le .;
Lethbridge, Esq. son of. lll,`'"' , f
,f,il6:ili''
Bart. Of TauntoO, to Miss M.,'nua. p 4. 0, tf); 1.1.0. 0,
Lately, Edotond Gibson Atherlq:l,,i,,ter.olojerls'o)loll:9l
barrister-at-law to Jane, thirtt o 40, (.11,4 110,4 v I
Edward Stanley:Esq. of Poni,oVi, pit: °„,, llcl,
JP. . 'foil
On Thur§ay, 17.. Lloyd Wiiliftti; of ~e
to Porotheoi the yoongef 44"" , „tic riroot,,„v
Uttoxeter, Stafforcishire. ,t IMAcice'pl'e", fin`.,,,
Edinburgh, on tile 29th 0` io i'sl -140 P ,
Criptaiti in the 75th regirnattf files.
Macleod, daughter of tiie le° 4
Harris.

.0.0,,
DISPi-roal"" l',A,t' o#,
, On ilic 6th of March lastogito,,e,lol,,bed, 0
,t,
,:104 OF I
°I N6i40111, General Mney, ,
„r of ',is:Toff:4oi i
ulanrY Cavalry, ln the Viti1‘,,7,1,, llr!bii,bi ittP4o'
At fburso, 011 the 224. L't ~Iler ur , .9°ol'
W. 11. Torrettie, f,-$4. CooP 1 „,4 jAtVi,, tV I
there. . 0, ir 4 ft4'f94' ,titl-'
Ou the 4tu inst, at GaiosUr. ~. 10, • t oity
oat, ,,d. i
On Sunday, at Datli,Jeve .. toss0 0 .
te,
of his age. freet,filaill
Ott Nlonday, in CanDoal'iN,, 1%1, :„,....,-.,...----.0,7:.,ir• or
,Saute day, at liarnpst63", '-,,1 '' 0
---"-- Or" • ' iftl
}....-.."'''.......................,- _ .
..,.. 6..
LONDON : Printed ►ll3',Jaii'ly skr.,flroot, ~,oe
buildinits; and fillhli'n4 lig, Aa!' 11)°11
at the Strs.-Otricr, ea% f.,ast-i '
*tents, Orders, Lett ‘r
I