The Sun.
London, England, 1845-03-27 00:00:00

T Ul[ +' SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 27 1845.

Mexico—for Almonte, the Mexican Minister, will soon
take an angry leave of us. Powder fitly announces
the first step of a Republic in the way of conquest and
roblAry.
Two Senators from Texas will walk into the Senate
Chamber the next session, and probably four from lowa
and Florida, all anti-Tariff of course.

(From the National intelligencer.)

The reader will learn, from the Senate's proceedings
A. last night, that the Joint Resolution of the House of
Representatives for the admission of Texas into the
Union, having acquired the support of Mr. Benton and
others, by incorporating his last project as an alternative
to the provision of the House resolution, passed the Se-
nate by a majority of two votes ; in effect by one, as a
change of one vote would have reversed the decision, by
producing an equality of votes.
Our readers must not fall into the error of supposing

that this decision by the Senate settles the Texas
question. It unsaidies it, on the contrary, apparently
beyond the possibility of its being determined at the
present session of Congress. It is hardly possible that
the House of Representatives, with one-half of all the
the business of the session in its hands untouched, can
again reach a question, which, once taken up, will leave
for other business no remainder of the session. But,
should the question be reached, it is still less within the
compass of probability that the amendment made by the
Senate will receive the sanction of the House. The Joint
Resolution passed by chance—that chance can hardly
again recur.

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—The Queen and Prince
Albert, accompanied by the Grand Duchess Stephanie
of Baden, took an early morning walk on the Terrace,
the pleasure-grounds, and the Home Park, and after-
wards returned to the Castle in a pony carriage. Soon
afterwards her Majesty and his Royal Highness rode
out on horseback for some time in the Great Park, at-
tended by the Hon. Miss Hamilton, Colonel the Hon.
Charles Grey, and Major-General Sir Edward Bowater.
The Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and the
Princess Alice, were taken for a carriage airing in the
forenoon, and Prince Alfred in the grounds around the
Castle.
Her Royal Highness the Grand Duchess Stephanie
of Baden, attended by the Baroness' de Struiefeder,
paid a visit to the Duchess of Kent at Frogmore House
this morning.
In the afternoon, the Queen, Prince Albert, and the
Grand Duchess Stephanie of Baden, rode out in a pony
landau. The Countess of Charlemont, Lady in Wait-
ing, the Baroness de Strumfeder, Lady in Waiting to the
Grand Duchess, and Admiral Sir Robert Otway, Groom
in Waiting, followed in the next carriage. The Hon.
Misses Stanley and Hamilton, Maids of Honour in wait-
ing, and the Earl of Hardwicke, Lord in Waiting, fol-
lowed in another carriage. The two equerries in wait-
ing attended on horseback.
The Royal Family were taken a walking exercise this
afternoon.
The royal dinner party at the Castle to-day included
her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady A. M.
Dawson, Lord Haddo, Dowager Lady Lyttelton, the
Countess Wratislaw, Sir George Couper, Major-General
Wemyss, Colonel Bentinck (Coldstream Guards) and
Mrs. Bentinck.
The band of the Coldstream Guards was in attendance
during dinner, and performed the following pieces :
Fantasia from Don Carlos—Costa.
Quadrille, Zampa—Jullien.
Scstetto, " Vedi Come" (Ernani)—Terdi.
Waltz—Handley.
Romance, " ya, dites elle"—Meyerbeer.

Polka, Oleander—Dean.
Her Majesty's private band afterwards attended and
performed the remainder of the evening.
A deputation from the Kentish Coast Railway trans-
acted business yesterday at the Railway department of
the Board of Trade.
Lord Stanley left town yesterday, for Knowsley Hall,
Lancashire.
Mr. Rowland Hill and a deputation respecting the
Brighton and Hastings Railway had au interview with
the Earl of Dalhousie yesterday, at the office of the
Board of Trade.
Dispatches from the Governor of the Mauritius were
received yesterday at the Colonial-office. Dispatches
for the Governor of Gibraltar were sent off last evening
from the Colonial-office.

confinement of a still-born child, by mere policemen
—no warrant issued justifying such violence, and im-
prisoned in a hospital previous to being sent to Eng-
land—she, neither soliciting alms, nor being in a
state which rendered it probable that she
might become chargeable to an Island which
owes all of wealth and privilege it pos-
sesses to the generosity and favour of that poor
wretched girl's countrymen. General Napier insisted
upon inquiry into this gross outrage upon the per-
sonal liberty of one of the Queen's subjects, who,
whatever her sins and misfortunes, however she be
poor and destitute, is as much entitled to be protected
against brutal violence as the chastest matron whose
brows are encircled by a coronet. The Royal Court,
after long deliberation, at last decided that the
constables were not to blame, but there existed
no sufficient reason at present to send her to her pa-
rish. Was ever judgment more absurdly contradictory
than this ? The complaint is that the girl is seized
and imprisoned, in order to be sent out of the Island
—the magistrates decide that there was no justifying
reason for imprisoning or sending her out of the Is-
land, but those who thus acted without justifying
cause are not to blame ! ! The Solomons ! What a
privilege to be allowed to elect such people.
The conduct of General Napier in Guernsey en-
titles him to the heartiest thanks of every clear-
headed, right-minded person—of every person that
wishes to see a hitherto unchecked Oligarchy, littered
in corruption and educated in prejudice, restrained
and checked.

LAW OF DEBTOR AND CREDITOR.
A public meeting of the Equitable Debtor and
Creditor Association was held yesterday at the Dis-
pensary, in Aldersgate-street, " to petition Parlia-
ment, and to secure the passing of an Act which shall
place the giving of credit on a much better footing
than it is now." The chair was taken at two o'clock
by Sir Peter Laurie.
The CHAIRMAN said he had great pleasure in
presiding over a meeting which had been convened
for so laudable a purpose. That was not the first time
that he had endeavoured to prevent an interruption to
credit, impressed with the feeling that without credit
there could be no commerce.—(Hear, hear.) He
had formerly belonged to a society, which held its
meetings in Cockspur-street, and the object of which
was to protect the creditor against this kind of legis-
lation. He had always looked at these humanity
Bills with great suspicion.—(Hear, hear.) He would
be glad to know how many of the relations of those
who had supported the Bill of last session in Parlia-
ment had benefited by its operation.—(Hear,
hear, and laughter.) 'f hey all said that their
friends at college were very extravagant, and
complained that it was very cruel to put a man in
prison. Was it not also cruel to ruin a tradesman,
and, perhaps, in the end, cause him to go to prison ?
—(hear, hear.) If the tradesmen of the metropolis
did not stir in this matter, they would presently find
a Bill brought in, limiting the sum for which arrest
could take place to 401. instead of 201.—(Hear.)
He was quite aware that it was considered an act of
cruelty to imprison a debtor. There was, at that
time, a maudlin sensibility prevailing which extended
to the case of every man who happened to be a rogue.
—(Laughter.)—And when they found rick-burners
turned into heroes, and so much false sympathy ex-
isting,. it became them, as rational men, to see what
could be done to protect themselves. The result of
this measure which they sought to have amended was,
that debts were contracted in all directions below
191., and the small tradesmen of the country were
set at defiance. He knew several instances which
afforded this illustration of the effect of this measure.
There was a society formed, he was happy to say,
meeting in Soho-square, which had for its
object, as they had, the protection of honest
tradesmen against designing men.—(Hear, hear.)
That society already consisted of 1,500 members.
Let them co-operate with this society, and organise
the tradesmen throughout the metropolis, for the
purpose of securing their object. He had referred to
the maudlin sympathy which had such extensive pre-
valence. There was no greater proof of its existence
than the manner in which culprits were admired.
They had all heard of a man named Oxford, confined
in Bedlam. He pledged his honour that he had been
applied to by ladies of rank, as a governor of that
hospital, for a lock of that man's hair.—(Great laugh-
ter, and a voice, " The name," followed by cries of
" No, no.") He had asserted that, to the truth of
which he pledged his honour.—(Hear, hear.)—He
had not seen the resolutions which were to be pro-
posed; but he presumed that the object of all present
was to protect the honest tradesman—(Hear, hear)—
and that being the object, he hoped that the trades-
men of all parts of the metropolis would unite to se-
cure its accomplishment.
Mr. W. D. SAULL proposed the first resolution
which was as follows :
" Resolved,—That in the judgment of this meeting
legislation has for years past been giving the debtor
advantages over the creditor; until ultimately, by this
Act of last year, these advantages are made so palpable
and unjust, that in moderate and small businesses which
form the greater portion of trade, the creditor is entirely
at the mercy of the debtor, whilst in large businesses
and great transactions, the creditor is much more
efficiently protected."
He said the Legislature had for years past been
giving the debtor advantages over the creditor, until,
at length, by the Act of last year, these advantages
were made so palpably unjust that in all small
businesses in which credit was chiefly given, the
creditor was left entirely at the mercy of the debtor.
He had retired from the active politics of that ward ;
but he had felt it his duty to assist in
overturning, or seeking the amelioration, of what he
must deem the most unjust and partial law, commonly
called Lord Brougham's law, passed in the last ses-
sion.—(Cheers.) It was a very important matter
which had called them together. As tradesmen of
the City of London, they were compelled, in their
various transactions, to give credit; though the Legis-
lature had proceeded on the principle that they had
no occasion to do so.—(Hear, hear.) He appealed to
every tradesman present, whether wholesale or retail,
whether it would have been possible for the commerce
of this country to be conducted without a facility in
giving credit ?—(Hear, hear.) It was remarkable that
the Legislators had taken care to protect themselves
in matters of this nature. Rents must be paid before
any other kind of debt.—(Hear, hear.) But such
conduct was not just to the creditors generally. The
small tradesmen who were injured by this Bill
were the most numerous and industrious of
the trading class ; they were the chief distributors
of all the necessaries and comforts of life ; they had
the greatest share of toil and anxiety. It had been
shown to one of the landlords who had been applied
to on this subject, that, in one case of debts amount-
ing, within the last twelve months, to 21,000/.,
18,000 consisted of debts under 201.—(Hear, hear.)
He was astonished at this fact, not being aware that
the proportisn of small debts was anything like so
large. Having been in business himself upwards of
forty years, he believed that half his debts were below
the amount which restricted the power of arrest.—
(Cries of " Hear, hear.") He believed that the
measure of last session was meant as a feeler,
the intention being ultimately to abrogate the
law of imprisonment altogether. He deprecated
incarceration for debt; but then there was no
reason why the creditor should be deprived of the
power of taking his debtor's property. Let the cre-
ditors be allowed to take what a man had, including
books, and he had no wish to see him imprisoned.—
(Hear, hear.) It had been admitted by one of the
law Lords that there was some great defect in the
Act of last session. His own opinion was that it was
altogether one-sided. It was passed with feelings of
mock humanity, rather than with a proper sense of
what was required for the support of trade and com-
merce ; whereas what was wanted was a law to
punish those who acted dishonestly and fraudulently,
while, at the same time, proper sympathy was shown
for the unfortunate debtor.—(Cheers.)
Mr. CHAMBERS seconded the resolution, which was
carried unanimously.
Mr. ELLIOTT moved the following resolution :
" That the frequent modern alterations in the Insol-
vency Laws, which have so harassed the commerce of
this country, have been unsolicited by the merchants,
bankers, and traders, are unsupported by any evidence,
are in direct opposition to the judgment of most practicalmen, are false in their principles, mischievous in their
operation, will continue to cause a large confiscation of
the wealth of the middle classes, and will produce an
extensive deterioration in mercantile morality."
He said there was a diseased sentimentality abroad
which was excited in favour of the idle, the roguish,
and the spendthrift, but left the honest, careful and
industrious man to take care of himself. Though no
advocate for persecuting an unfortunate debtor, he
thought the cause of commerce, of honesty, and of
public morals required a very different law from that
now in force. The whole legislation respecting in-
solvency for the last forty years was a disgrace to a
civilised country; it was a long series of maudlin and
miserable measures. With regard to the Act of last
session, no man except Sir James Graham could
be found to defend it; it was repudiated by Lords
Cottenham, Brougham, and Lyndhurst, neither of
whom would acknowledge themselves to be its author.
What they wanted was to have the power of bringing
the debtor before a competent tribunal by a writ of
summons. Under present circumstances, whenever
it was a man's interest to be a rogue, he could be one
with impunity.—(Hear, hear.) The great mass of
insolvent debtors were not persons who had become
so through misfortune ; persons who took their plea-
sure instead of minding their business, who kept no
accounts, who lived at the rate of 1,000/. a year, when
their income was 300/. ; and who gambled, if not
with dice, yet in tea, pepper, hops, and other articles.
The Cifainsust—ln railway shares ?—(Laughter.)
Mr. ELLIOTT—Yes, and in railway shares. Insol-
vency was a catching disease, and a man was never
more likely to do a dirty act himself than when he
had been cheated by another.—(Hear.)
At this period of the meeting, Sir Peter Laurie

was compelled by another engagement to leave the
chair, which he did after giving his name for 101. 10s.
towards th .3 object of the meeting. Mr. W. D. Satan
was chosen as his successor.

The eulution, after a short discussion, was passed
unarim.o ly.
Mr. M"CONNOR proaosed the last resolution, which
was as follows :

Resolved--That this meeting pledges itself to support
the Equitable ll btor and Creditor Association to its
utmost in an application to Parliament, by petition and
Bill, to secure the representation of the wror.gs of trades-
men, and the remedies which their wrongs require."
He said the Association was based upon two principles,
from which it could not be driven : one was, that the
creditor had a right to the payment of a debt ; the
other, that if there was no money or property to pay
it, he had a right to know why that was the case.—
(Hear.) Upon those principles they must base their
operations, and h© felt that there could be no doubt of
their success.
Mr. F. BAILEY seconded the resolution, which was
carried unanimously; and a vote of thanks having
been given to the Chairman, the meeting dispersed.

AERIAL MACHINES and BALLOONS
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SlR,—Your valuable journal contained, a few
days since, a paragraph respecting the construction of
another flying machine, the particulars of which ap-
pear to have been given in the Cincinnati Gazette.
This is a subject, Sir, which, as you will remember, no
great length of time back was noticed by the press
of this country, and the aerial machine referred to
was looked upon by many scientific men and the
public as a wonderful and clever invention, calculated
to be made available for useful purposes. Yet we
find that the aerial machine, which was 30 generally
talked about, although a promising infant and a sur-
prising model, never lived to exert its astounding
mechanical powers, or to give the least proof of its
being worthy of the patronage of the wise or the
support of a discerning public. The quiet way in
which this " thing of life" expired was strikingly eon-
tra-ted to the pompous announcements and particulars
which characterised its birth ; and the confidence and
sanguine expectations which many reputed scientific
men felt and displayed about it, happened to be suc-
ceeded by convictions and acknowledgement that it
was all humbug, although at first they thought there
was a great deal in the thing. Perhaps there was a
great deal in it, but whether the great deal was likely
to propel it through the atmosphere, or cause it to
remain stock still as a cumbrous lot of ma-
chinery—this, indeed, may be left to able con-
jecture. It is doubtless fair to admit that this
aerial machine was originally designed to rise and
fall, but from the peculiarity of its make and shape,
the rise and fall seem to have been intended for our
estimation of it, and not for elevation or depression in
the atmosphere.
We have not long ascertained the total failure of
this machine in the old world, when we hear of an-
other flying machine in the new world. It is to be
hoped, however, that no countenance will be given to
such a project this side of the Atlantic, and in order
to point out that it would be unwise to do so, a few
reasons will be given in the following lines, why
flying machines cannot answer the expectations of
their inventors ; and why this new
,flying machine,
which is different in construction to that which has
flown from notice, will also prove a failure.
In the first place, flying machines, which are de-
signed to imitate the motions of birds, fall short of the
power, owing to the impossibility of the finest piece of
art to equal the roughest piece of nature. The
march of inventions and improvements cannot fur-
nish a specimen of workmanship that will precisely
imitate the action of a fish in water, or a serpent on
land, yet machinery has something to grapple with
both in the liquid and the solid. Neither can a ma-
chine be made to act like a bird in the air, and these
are some of the reasons.
The best possible machinery that could be con-
centrated in an artificial bird, the size of a rook, would
not impart anything like similar control over the air,
to that which we observe in the real bird. The works
however ingeniously put together must necessarily act
in many different forms and ways, in order to resemble
the spreading of the tail, the flapping of the wings,
&c., and as the action of one part of an artificial bird
would be essentially different to that of another, so
the works to produce such effects must be multiplied,
and the machinery indispensable to accomplish this
would move a greater weight than the wings, tail,
&c., could possibly move with safety, regularity, and
precision. Hence the insurmountable difficulty. The
most powerful machinery that could be brought to
bear would show about as much tendency to raise
and guide the bird, as would the wings of a thrush
affixed to a raven. I want strong machinery, com-
posed of very light materials, and not only an arti-
ficial bird but a real pig may fly ; but at present this
cannot be done ; therefore aerial machines seem
adapted to act upon the public mind rather than the
open atmosphere.
The new machine, however, for which Mr. Pen-
nington has obtained a patent, differs from Mr. Hew-
son's in many important points. Mr. Pennington's
plans seem more closely to resemble those which were
demonstrated, about four years ago, and since at the
Polytechnic Institution. The buoyancy of his con-
trivance he proposes to acquire by a number of sec-
tion ballons, and although, like the first American
aeronaut, he prefers balloons to a balloon, still an as-
cending power may probably be obtained in this
way. The guiding and propelling of the aerial vessels
Mr. Pennington intends to effect with a steam-
engine of one-and-a-half horse power, and a rudder is
also to be used.
Now, a very few remarks will suffice to show that
this scheme will end in disappointment, for it is a
fact that neither balloons nor aerial machines can be
guided through the air. The former can be done
nothing with, and the latter must run their course, or
rather the course of the wind.
For machinery to govern the motion of a balloon,
the wings, wheels, or oars, must be in proportion to
the balloon, just as the wings of a bird are adapted to
the size of the body. Some very able endeavours
have been made to convince people that a little ma-
chinery at the bottom of the car will produce won-
drous movements ; and so they may in a roomlor still
atmosphere, just as a first-rate may be moved
in still water, by a number of hands walking aft with
a hawser. But let the ship be influenced by strong
wind and tide, stout cables, and heavy anchors will
not hold her, or allow the model balloon, guided by
clock-work, to feel the least breeze of governing her
motions; and as such a practice would tend to destroy
the balloon, even if it could be adopted, we rea-
sonably conclude that all attempts of this sort merit
marked deprecation instead of meeting, with public
encouragement.
It is not surprising that inexperienced men intro-
duce impracticable measures, when experienced men
set the example. Nor is it very singular that the
guiding of balloons should be attempted in the new
world, since the same thing has been talked about
in the old. That such an idea should arise in the
mind of an ingenious gentleman on the other side of
the Atlantic, is not to be wondered at, since a report
reached th 4 American shores, that a celebrated Eng-
lish aeronaut had actually guided his balloon thither,
and although this report is positively known to be un-
true, it might have stimulated the inventive genius of
the new candidate for aeronautic fame. The guiding
of balloons in England having been a subject of con-
versation, and not a real performance, it is highly
probable that the newly invented flying machine in
America will end in a like humiliating manner. If
such bold and enterprising men as Messrs. Holland,
Spencer, and Rush, would continue to promote
scientific undertakings, the science might advance
rapidly—error would be pointed out, and unscientific
displays for mercenary purposes exposed and put a
stop to. We might then reasonably hope that bal-
looning would rise into importance, and become of
real utility .—I remain, Sir, your obedient ser-
vant, HENRY WELLS.

DISTURBANCE IN JOHN KNOX
CHURCH, GLASGOW.

Sunday afternoon, in John Knox Church, (the
Rev. Jonathan R. Anderson's), a scene of confusion
and disorder occurred, such as we never before wit-
nessed in any place of worship on Sabbath, and which
we trust will not again be permitted to take place in
this city. In the course of last week placards were
posted over the town, announcing that Mrs. Martin,
the Socialist lecturer, would attend Mr. Anderson's
church on Sunday afternoon, to hear the statements
of Christian doctrine put forth by him, and that on
a certain evening in the ensuing week she would
reply to him by argument in in the Socialist Hall,
Great Hamilton-street. This placard had the natural
effect of attracting to the church, yesterday afternoon,
an immense crowd of people, some belonging to the
socialist body, others drawn by curiosity either to see
Mrs. Martin or from an expectation of hearing the
preacher direct his discourse to the absurd and out-
rageous opinions which she is understood to pro-
mulgate.
Long before two o'clock the church was crowded
to suffocation—the lobby, stairs, and passages, being
completely choked up ; while at least 1,000 people
were collected round the door pressing for ad-
mittance—the greater proportion of whom were
the usual sitters in the church, who were thus
excluded from their accustomed place of worship.
The church within was at this time a scene of great
excitement, caused partly by the extraordinary pres-
sure, and also in a great degree by the unusual
circumstance which had brought such a dense
mass of people together. Finding matters in this po-
sition, Mr. Anderson, who is in a poor state of health,
incapable of enduring the fatigue of forcing his way
through a crowd, and unable to sustain the excite-
ment which he could not fail to labour under, re-
solved not to proceed with the service. This was
announced to the audience within the church by Cap-
tain Richardson, and repeated by him to the people

outside, with a request in both cases that they should
retire. No disposition being shown on the part of tho
audience to obey, Captain Richardson, with the
assistance of several of his men, cleared to a consider-
able extent the lobby and passages—a duty which
was discharged in a very quiet and gentle manner.
In the meantime Mrs. Martin, who was accom-
panied by Mr. Jeffrey, a socialist lecturer, and
his wife, was recognised standing behind the
pulpit, and requested by one of the managers
to withdraw. It is understood that previous to
this she and her friends had occupied seats, but had
left them, whether with the intention of leaving the
church or not, does not appear; but at all events they
returned, and took up their places in a pew imme-
diately to the left of the pulpit. By this time they
had become known to a large portion of the audience,
and the circumstance had the effect of inducing them
to retain their places, many appearing to be under
the false impression that an address of some kind or
other would be delivered. In these circumstances
Mr. James Stewart, preses of the managers, and
other gentlemen, desired that she and her friends
should retire. They, hoverer, refused, and main-
tained their right to be present. They were informed
by Mr. Stewart that there was to be no service, that
the church must instantly be cleared, and that as their
presence prevented this from being done effectually they
ought to comply. They still refused, however, on which
Capt. Richardson appeared, and insisted on their leaving
the church. Mr. Jeffrey said that they could not walk
out among the crowd, seemingly afraid of personal.
violence, and asked that a minibus should be procured
for their use. This was promised them, and they at
length consented to go out under the protection of
the police. The party then rose to retire by a back
door, usually closed, but which had been broken open
to enable the audience to get out with greater faci-
lity, when a scene of noise and confusion ensued
which it is altogether impossible to describe. Crowds
of people rushed over the pews from all parts of the
church to the point by which Mrs. Martin and her
friends were retiring ; hisses, groans, and ruffing, in-
termingled with screaming, were heard from all parts
of the building, accompanied with cries of" Turn her
out "—" Burn her"—" Fair play "—" A fine spe-
cimen of the Free Church," &c. Respectable people,
afraid of a general riot, made every effort to escape,
and for several minutes the church more resembled a
theatre in a state of extreme disorder, than a place of
quiet Christian worship. The crushing in the narrow
passages was dreadful, and if no serious bodily in-
' juries have been sustained, it may be set down as
next to miraculous. On getting out of the church,
Mrs. Martin and her two friends were put into a
minibus, having previously been subjected to such in-
dignities as the more zealous but less wise portion of
the crowd could inflict, by voiding of rheum, and the
like, upon their persons : and accompanied by Cap-
tain Richardson, they were driven off to the police.
office. Here, after some deliberation on the part of
the magistrates, the three individuals were held to
bail in the sum of 51. each, to appear this morning
in court to answer to a charge of breach of the peace,
the charge being founded upon all the circumstances
connected with the transaction, from the publication
of the bills down to the occurrence of the unseemly
scene which we have attempted to describe. ,The
bail
was instantly paid, and the parties left the police-
office in a carriage. The effect of the whole of this
singular affair was to throw the entire barony of Gor-
bals into the utmost confusion. The circumstance
was bruited abroad with unusual celerity, and for
several hours crowds of people were seen collected in
all quarters discussing the subject, and settling its
bearings, of course, each according to his own views,
and the amount of information be becl. received rela-
tive to the occurrence.—Glasgow Argus.

THE FALLACY OF THE ORGANIC

THEORY.
" Anatomy or dissection can give no insight f
into the
cause or cure of diseases."—The 35th clause p Sir J.
Graham's New Medical Bill.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sir,—Does not the fact of scarcely two Doctord
agreeing, in any case, as regards the cause and cure
of diseases, prove that the knowledge which they pre-
tend to derive from anatomy or dissection, is com-
pletely fallacious ? The truth is, that anatomy cannot
give an insight into the cause of diseases, since
that cause proceeds from an impurity in the blood,
which can only be eradicated by proper vegetable
purgation ; it has, therefore, nothing whatever to do
with anatomy. The only possible use of anatomy is
in the setting of bones, &c., proceeding from accidents
as applied to diseases it is perfectly useless, and only
leads to the contradictions so characteristic of doctors.
In order to understand the above more fully, persons
should compare the human body to a tree, with its
roots and branches, they will then understand that
when diseased it should be treated as a whole; and not
piece-meal, as doctors do, one remedy for this, another
for that, and so on to the end of the chapter. The
world should never forget that drainage of tbi land is
precisely to the tree what proper purging is to the
human body. This is made manifest by the two
Lithographic Prints, to be had of all the Hygeian
Agents, which Prints should be in the possession of all
who care about their health.
In conclusion, we will only observe, that if Sir
James Graham attempts, by any quibble, to prevent
any body of men from holding and expressing
opinions, however adverse they may be to the
Organic Theory, or the pecuniary interests of Doc-
tors, he will be guilty of a great crime, not only
towards this nation, but mankind generally. We
use the word " quibble," because the 35th clause of
his Mew Medical Bill is widely different from his
first bill; that clause is most artfully and cunningly
altered, and clearly aims at abrogating (if possible)
the medical liberty of the subject. Let the peo-
ple and Members of Parliament look to it before it
is too late. Sir James Graham may, in his place
in Parliament, puff the doctors as much as he
pleases ; their museums, their Greek and Latin,
their Regius Professorships,* &c., (as if such ac-
complishments had anything to do with the cause or
cure of disease); but we deny his right of abridging,
in any manner, the medical liberty of the subject.
What the people require is this : that Doctors should
pursue a true, and not an interested, theory for the
cure of diseases, and we contend that their Organic
Theory does not tend to that ; it is, in short, a theory
of pounds shillings and pence, having for its object to
keep the patient on the sick-list as long as possible.
Sick people care not a rush about Museums, Greek and
Latin, Regius Professorships, &c., they want to be cured.
Most of Doctors' physic is anti-medicinal and not
intended to cure ; it is a combination of chemical
preparations, which can never cure diseases. When-
ever doctors relieve their patients it is by prescribing
aperients, but they are so tenacious of making use of
efficient purgatives, that it is only a few of them
who (not making a trade of medicine) use them.
Such was the practice of the great Dr. James
Hamilton, of the Edinburgh Infirmary : he was a
physician in the true sense of the term. lie was, In
short, a Hygeist in practice. Let the world read his
book, " Hamilton on Purgatives."
We repeat, and posterity will prove it, that the
ignorance of the People generally, in medical matters,
is alone the prop of Doctors : were it not for that
ignorance the Organic Theory could not stand one
minute. The people being in this state of ignorance,
and seeing that Doctors are generally persons of edu-
cation, leave it all to them, forgetting that their ob-
ject is to make a trade of medicine and NOT to cure
diseases. Let any one read the medical publications,
and if such be not his opinion in less than six months
we shall confess ourselves much mistaken in our
views of the Organic Theory. Doctors, as a body,
will never sanction a theory which all can understand.
The theories of Homceopathists, Animal Magnetizers,
&c., have all got the usual rider, " that the patient
must pay the fee for advice before he can be cured."
Mr. Morison did away with all such quackery, and
therefore Doctors run him down. The theory of
Hygeists is the only true one—it can be practised and
understood by all.—We are, Sir, yours, Scc.,
MORISON and MOAT,
For or on behalf of the body of Hygeists.
British College of health, New-road,
London, March '25, 1845.

* The evil of such language, when spoken by a Mem-
ber in the House of Parliament (unless he be prepared to
show that the Organic Theory of the Faculty, about
which Doctors themselves are all at sixes and sevens, is,
beyond doubt, correct), must be obvious to all. The
people, as a body, are totally ignorant of medicine, and
therefore language such as that used by Sir James is not
only beside the question, but tends to perpetuate a false
theory, by which he, along with the rest, are sufferers.