The Sun.
London, England, 1845-12-09 00:00:00

DOLMAN'S MAGAZINE.

b;4/ZOLD,s SHILLING MAGAZINE.
kidLiglas Jerrold has now completed his second volume,
title ;41g the success which has attended this maga
fils oars free to confess that there is more heart in
-reading üblic than, twelve months since,
Alfaiti.e(4ll- have imagined. Connected with no great po-
tol4l Or religious party, in fact diametrically opposed
es
Atl,oll.,.(trties, religious and political, as mere parti
ilL'e ill the true, not the sectarian sense of the word
botlo_4l rather than a political or a religious reformer;
aerrold took his stand as the great assertor o
ktitio;lB human nature against all oligarchical usur-
t44l4ls ' and he has maintained it nobly ; for twelve
40 h he has fought the good fight, and the
.Ikelyt trs4t 114 Magazine is still alive and flourishing, and
t
Nts ; flourish, is a proof that there are more hones
ttltl th to England than our party leaders wot of, aye,
t those hearts are surmounted by shrewd heads,
2Potll :11g sharp eyes, which see through the veil
fain
Zropil in which the soi-disant good people would
rciliti themselves. Let the Cantwells of religion,. of
11454, Of literature, look to it—their occupation well
41e eciilll,B* The holes in their coats are all discovered,ls
has taken a note of them—
Ti• le b„ "And faith he'll prent it."
th 4144e11t numler commences with the 20th chapter
I,l4l7.'"istory of St. Giles and St. James." The scene
tl,the borough of Liquorish during the election.
ntlitl James the arist ocratical candidate, accom-
'°t toti-Dll7 Folder and Tangle, goes down to the
ttkir on which occasion Dr. Gilead, the pluralist
,4les ,sq.tesehes a sermon, inculcating the duty of reve-
atttioli'l obedience to superiors. Among the congre-
ZY 6,41.e6 %stick and Bright Jem. The latter, as
414- walking through the church-yard, on their
k 611walkingserves :
)altoZtitto,rutatinice sermon, wasn't it? Perhaps a little too
44(t41.1k...tketl,ntegopuego.hpine people's heads; but still it was
oowvearnd then to be sure, the doctor did,
1,1111,:t to 'tail' a little too much upon himself. How he did
440 11! uln who he said were out of the palings of the
4h a 41.°w he did dress 'em to be sure ! And how, upon
le_ 4 ethority, he said they'd suffer.
111144 n said 'Ca stick—for so he dignified Jem whenr
(txi ",,eB„,solemnP " James, do you recollect
image,
weroodaur
"4”,,i-eu-1, Let us make man in our own aft
',hisl44ld think I did," said Jem, unconsciously pulling
Ltl4l 44e trle that's beautiful and consoling, isn't it? And what
hitilre is Man, so long as he always has these words
toiLt4°lvitl,e3'es, and so tries to do nothing but. what shall be
tlaf.‘"rthy of his likeness! To do this, James, to
10,0,-I'lo4d a pleasant place—and to have everybody
our
c,;gt I' '''et US. And God said, Let us make man _
o_v
ick, a This•
is beautiful: but it's sad, it's me_lainucheukr
Ztse,l4l, when man says, Let us make God
111 beg
~I1)t to tour pardon," said Jem, " it's utterly unpossible.
!;10„4so) „ done, no how. Vii"
" 8 been done for thousands of years ;
when bmeianng
%kr, day Jem tared " Yes, Jem ; for
1019.1.,8 h n in the name of
ahrrAtterS, persecutes man--when, e ,
114-4 44(1-'l/2 ILS he says, vindicating God, he commits vio.
cruelty upon his fellow-creatures, then does
.heo,winn
ko;t• SR tillreranee, make for a time his Maker
make God his
ill Ike revengeful nature—then does he .
ge 114,1 ka, Look at the burnings and roastings of poor
itlQ"its hangings and quarteringa,_ its imprisonment
htkap does name of. religion. What are all these, but
tbik'r7, all wickedness in the name of God; that
tiftt7tie ;141*(4 is pleased with.what pleases his own vile,
sneh f Ire and as I take it—and it can't be denied—
I' ussbion it is, that man makes God after his owr.i.
hop lenY folks—poor souls—think this the best r
.i.spheit;;7l, it's nothing more nor less than worst
•s• •oici • ,
,et, and Tangle dine at the rectory, and both im-
-4•44.l.etttilet more than enough of the rector's port.
%lint- retires to his bed at the inn drunk, and young
1441:1 who, with Tom Blast, has followed St. Giles to
tNllli24ll' having concealed himself in Tangle's bed-
-1101 - on the point of getting possession of the key
Nu% °Pens the closet, in which is contained the pre-
ehase "-sket of treasure, destined by Tangle to pur-
,etorathe suffrages of, the free and independent
The of Liquorish, when the chapter closes.
title
ur")°eial Position and Character of the Bar " is the
are hp, the next paper, in which the arrogant lawyers
t-t 4 f
Igllt down to their just level. It is a melancholy
tWord"t the law is more frequently the " two-edged
llop,a, o craft and oppression" than " the staff of
tertrel: and the shield of innocence." Many are the
eNts_Lruths told in this paper, and the writer has not
trop 4ted the evils which arise from the present posi-
tram retie law and lawyers. The remedy for this is a
tipti
offorni and simplification of the law—the forma-
- general code, as is the case in other countries.

In the present number Mr. Leicester S. F. Bucking-
ham brings his paper, entitled " Mary Queen of Scots
and Lord Brougham," to a conclusion. It is evident that
Mr. Leicester Buckingham is an enthusiast in the cause
of Mary, and, like all enthusiasts, he suffers his feelings
to run away with his judgment, and is rather eloquent
than logical. The greater part of the present portion of
his paper is devoted to the consideration of the Babington
conspiracy ; and Mr. Buckingham, admitting that Mary
was aiding and abetting that conspiracy as far as it re-
lated to the dethronement of Elizabeth, denies that she
was cognizant of the plot connected with it fer the as-
sassination of the Queen, grounding this assertion upon
the allegation that the decipherment of Mary's letter,
which was given in evidence, contained " an interpola-
tion in the convicting passage." Now, although Mr.
Buckingham has, in our opinion, completely failed in
proving that this was the case, we will not now go into
any argument with him on that point, because he him-
self gives other evidence which proves that Mary knew
of the intention of the conspirators to assassinate Eliza-
beth. Speaking of the declaration made by Nau (Mary's
secretary) to James 1., as given by Lingard, he says—
"The boldness of this declaration, consistent as it is in
every point with his former remonstrance to Elizabeth, and
the entire absence from his deposition of any point in the
smallest degree inculpating Mary, may surely justify us in
claiming him as a witness in her defence."
Be it so. We give Nau to Mr. Buckingham, as a witness
for the defence, and therefore it is not in he mouth of
the defender to impugn the credibility of his own wit-
ness. Now what is the evidence of this witness, whose
deposition contains not " any point in the smallest
degree inculpating Mary," as reported by Mr. Bucking-
ham himself, from Von Raumer?—
-

" The defence of Mary clearly points to an interpolation in
the convicting passage of the letter, since she vehemently de-
clared that the points of the letters that concerned the
Queen's Majesty's person were never by her written, nor of
her knowledge; the rest, for invasion and for escaping by
force, she would neither affirm nor deny.' (Cecil to Davison,
Cott. MSS. Calig. c. ix. f. 433.) And this is fully con-
firmed by the statement which Nau addressed to Elizabeth
from the Tower, in which he stated that Mary had received from
Babington an intimation of the design upon Elizabeth's life ;
but that she took no notice of it in her reply, because it was a
thing she neither desired nor Intended ; though she did not think
herself bound to betray the confidence of her friends, by
divulging their plans to the Queen."
An intimation of the intended assassination was con-
veyed to Mary ; she did not remonstrate with the con-
spirators against it. It is absurd to suppose that, in
such a case as this, silence is not consent. " She took
no notice of it in her reply," and, therefore, upon Mr.
Buckingham's own showing, she was accessory before
the fact to the crime of murder. But it would seem as
though Mr. Buckingham held the creed that in some
cases assassination was not only lawful, but meritorious ;
for in speaking of the assassination of the Regent Mur-
ray, he designates it an " appropriate fate, drawn upon
him by his own cruelty and injustice." Now, surely a
gentleman who could suffer his feelings so far to get the
better of his prudence as to use such language in rela-
tion to a deliberately planned murder, is not one on
whose judgment any reasoning man would be inclined
to place implicit reliance. On Elizabeth he pours out
all the vials of his wrath, but in hii anger he forgets that
he is affording her the best of all possible apologies for
ber conduct, by showing that the existence of Mary was
absolutely incompatible with Elizabeth's personal safety,
and that, in self-defence, she was obliged to act as she
did. He denies the legitimacy of Elizabeth—he denies
her right to the throne ; and, speaking of the English
Roman Catholics, he says, "their honest indignation
could no longer be contained, and they watched with
eagerness for an opportunity to defend the rights of the
lawful heir against the claim of the sanguinary usurper."
Hard words these,i Mr. Leicester Buckingham, but
there is one great fact which you have overlooked ;
Elizabeth was sovereign de facto. and an unsuccessful
attempt to dethrone a sovereign de facto, even although
made by, and on behalf of, an individul claiming the
sovereignty de jure, is, by the laws of every civilized
nation, considered and punished as treason. Mary and
Babingten, with a full knowledge of the chances, chose
to play a desperate game. They staked their lives and
fortunes against the lives and fortunes of Elizabeth and
her supporters. No human being has ever yet ventured
to express a doubt that, had they won, they would have
exacted payment of the stake to the uttermost from their
adversaries ; they lost, and they have no right to com-
plain that payment to the uttermost was exacted from
them. We have devoted so much space to the examina-
tion of Mr. Buckingham's paper, that we can only allude
to the remaining contents of this number very cursorily.
The " Chapter on Music" is admirable, and should be
attentively perused by every one who wishes well to the
cause of the progress of musical science in England.
" The Manor of Summerdale" is a simple tale, beautiful
from its very simplicity ; it might have been written by
Wordsworth. " Social England and its Clergy" is a
plea for the celibacy of the clergy, written in a truly
Catholic and tolerant spirit, and which proves that, how-
ever difficult it may be, it is not impossible to write con-
troversial divinity without being polemical. There is
not a paper in the present number of Dolman which does
not bear upon it the impress of talent.

DUBLIN UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.
The present number opens with an interesting article,
entitled " Portugal as it is," being the narrative of a
pedestrian journey from Lisbon to Oporto and Braga
in the spring of 1845. The writer says that, although
during the ascendancy of Don Miguel, and for some
years afterwards, there was unquestionably much danger
in travelling from town to town in Portugal, yet that at
the present day the dangers are by no means formidable,
and that the solitary traveller may now traverse even
the unfrequented parts of Portugal with perfect safety,
providedhe possesses the amount of courage and common
sense, without which dangers will be met with every
where. He gives graphic descriptions of Santarem, A lco-
baca, Batalha, and the various places he passed through
on his route, and represents the people as not only
polite and civil, but really desirous to oblige, and as
having, as far as physical comforts are concerned, but
little cause of complaint. He remained some days at
Coimbra, and thus describes the course of instruction at
present pursued in that far-famed university, which owes
its efficiency almost entirely to the energetic measures
of the Marquis de Pombal, who expelled the Jesuits and
completely reformed the educational system.
" The mode of teaching in Coimbra is by lecturing, and
not by tutors, as in England, and the professors, in as
far as we could ascertain, speak extempore. In teach-
ing anatomy or mathematics, we were pleased with the
plan followed, which must be well adapted to impress the
mind of the pupil with the subject under discussion. In the
anatomical lectures, for example, after the teacher has de-
monstrated the muscles, &c., the students in rotation de-
monstrate the same parts to the audience. By this means
the teacher can easily know whether the pupil is merely
speaking from memory, or has an experimental acquaintance
with the subject.
,‘ It is pleasing to speak of the good order and attention
which prevails during the lectures, and in as far as a stranger
could judge, the conduct of the pupil while in the lecture-
room, is superior to what we have been accustomed to while
a student. When a stranger enters the lecture• room, he is
received with the usual Portuguese politeness ; the professor
pauses and bows, and the students rise up. There is also
another trait in the Portuguese character no less amiable :
there are many young men from Goa, Brazil, anti other
Portuguese colonies, whose complexion would exclude them
from the lecture room among the equality loving democrats
of the Uited States, but at Coimbra more Christian feeling
prevails,n and so man is despised on account of the hue of his
skin or the crispness of his hair.
" The courses of instruction delivered in Coimbra are
ranged under different faculties. Of these, the first is, of
course, that of theology. The number of students of the-
ology in Coimbra, in 1844, VMS only ninety-three. This
small number may excite surprise, but by far the gter
mamber of students are trained in the bishop's seminaries
ther respective dioceses, and it is only the elite ot.4he phurchriest-
hood who look forward to the highest honours of7he C.
who study at Coimbra. The course of theological lectures
extends throughout six years, and certainly to a Protestant
the matters taught appear very curios, consisting of sym -
bolical, liturgical, and mystic theology. Only one year is
devoted to what would apper more important than all the
rest—the interpretation of the Scriptures. This all important
topic could only boast of a single student. In accordance
with the same indifference to literature, there are only eight
students of the Greek and nice of the Hebrew language.
" The faculty of law is the mist efficient in the university,
and the number of students or jurisprudence, ins
844,
amounted to six hundred and eighiy-seven, which is fully
half the number attending lectures in Coimbra. As a de-
gree in law is necessary to qualify for hal'ding almost every
civil office which the Government can beattlw, as well as to
enable any one to practise as a lawyer, the faculty of law is
justly regarded as the most important in the university.
The full course of instruction extends over a period of six
years. The number of professors is very considerable, and
the field of instruction proportionably extensive. The wide
range of subjects taught includes Roman, canon, and Por-
tuguese law, political economy, medical jurisprudence, be-
sides a variety of collateral topics ; so that if the various
branches of jurisprudence be efficiently taught, the Portu-
guese lawyers should be the most accomplished jurisconsults
in Europe. The text books, at least in civil and canon law,
appear to be translations from German writers; the only
English author whose works appear to be known, is the
celebrated Jeremy Bentham; his works, however, we should
imagine are more for speculation than practice.
" The medical faculty is very respectably organised, and
well calculated to form at least good literary physicians.
The students must have studied philosophy previous to en-
tering the medical classes—that is, the languages, mathe-
matics, natural history, and other preliminary studies.
However, Coimbra cannot be viewed in any other respect
than a school of medical literature. A medical education
must be an eminently practical one, and such can only be
obtained in large cities, where extensive hospitals afford
facilities for, observing diseases and studying anatomy. In
Coimbra, a small town, of about seven thousand inhabitants,
a numerous body of students cannot make progress in ana-
tomy, or have the advantage of efficient clinical instruction."
This valuable paper is followed by an amusing his-
toriette of the Court of Louis XVI., entitled " Madame
de Saverne," sad, we have an elaborate critique by Carl