The Sun.
London, England, 1828-05-26 00:00:00

TILE MAGISTRACY AND POLICE.

(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
There is a Bill now before Parliament for in-
creasing the authority and jurisdiction of the Ma-
eristrates—for giving them, in fact, the power of
inflicting fines, floggings, and imPrDLOnments,
without the intervention of a Jur.i. That such
a measure, if equitably ably administered,
would diminish crime and county rrtes, and
thereby prove a, oenetit to the commonweal, mo-
rally and physically, there can be little doubt ;
but I 'din very sure that it never can be equitably
an'.l ably administered—in this Metropolis at
least—without a thorough revision of the Ma-
gistracy. The Lord Chief Justice of England
must begin his labours at nine o'clock in the
morning ; but our Magistrates, fgrrooth ! begin
at any hour which happens to suit their own per-
sonal convenience—smetimes at eleven o'clock,
sometimes at twelve, and sometimes at one ; nay,
occasionally at two o'clock in the afternoon !
—without ;taring twopence how many innocent
people, illegally detained in custody, may be
anxiously awaiting their arrival ; or how many
men, quite as respectable as themselves, may be
attending as complainants or defendants upon
their Worshipful summons. Then, when they
do arrive, how do the generality of them con-
duct themselves ? Do they sit quietly and at-
tentively to hear and decider No, truly ;—for
they will lend one ear to a gossipping acquaint-
ance or lounging brother Magistrate, and the
other to the hearing of three different complain-
ants at once. Nay, I know some Magistrates
who do not scruple to skip from the Bench in
the very midst of an examination of capital
felony, and spend a good hour in laughing and
gossiping with idle morning visiters in the retir-
ing room ; whilst better men are compelled to
wait their pleasure, packed and wedged with pau-
pers, prostitutes, and thieves, in au atmosphere
tainted with all the vile abominations which vice
and misery are heir to. Others there are, so exces-
sively patient, and dull withal, that; as Shakspeare
" says,theywill wear out agoodwholesome forenoon
in hearing a cause between an orange-wife and a
posset-seller—rejourn the controversy of three-
pence to a second day of audience, and, in the
end, dismiss it bleeding, the more entangled by
their hearing ;” -e..hilst others are so 'cute and
garrulousl 'that they will decide a case without
hearing a single word of its merits—merely by
the overpowering force of their own natural
twattle. Thus all is noise, and irregularity, and
inattention ; and thus it is that almost one-half
of the people committed by the Magistrates are
acquitted at the Old Bailey.
If these things are so—and that they are so
is notorious to the great body of the public—l
humbly submit that it behoves the law-makers
to look to it well before they proceed to increase
magisterial power,

A LOOKER-ON.

LINNEAN SOCIETY.—On Saturday the For-
tieth Anniversary Meeting of this Society took place at
the Society's House, Soho-square—A. B. LAMBERT, E3ll,
Vice-President, in the Chair. The minutes of last nice.,
ing were read and confirmed, a number of valuable pre-
sents to the Society enumerated, and thanks voted to the
various donors. The Lord Bisbop of BATH and WeLts
was then introduced, and took his seat as a fellow. In the
evening the members dined together at the Freemasons'
Tavern, where a very liberal subscription was also made
in aid of the funds for the purchase of the library and col-
lection of Sir J. SMITif.

The colliers' combination is again apg; Est
Monday there was a General Meeting 'to the eastward of
this city, the result of which was to diminish.th_p out-put
in order to obtain an advance in price. The wages at
present run from 2s. 9d. to 35. a-day. The Vifeshire
colliers have met for the same purpose. Thif9rtnnately in
this neighbourhood there are proprietors with between
20,000 and 30,000 tons on band. It is supposed that the
colliers have been instigated by others to re-commence
measures which are so sure to injure them in the enel.-.7.
Glasgow Chronicle.
MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.—On Saturday
last, while the steam vessel Queen of Scotland was leav-
ing Aberdeen harbour, a warp from the jetty to the all.?
hiving broke, owing to the great strain upon it, one end of
the rope swept, with irresistible force along the jetty, throw-
ing down many of the spectators; when one man of the
name of SMEPIIIII3 received such a blow on his knees as
dashed him with violence to the ground. He was taken
up insensible, the blood gushing from his temples and
mouth, and carried to the Infirmary, where he died next
morning about two o'clock. By the lame accident; a boy
had an arm and leg broken, but is recovering. A person
in the crowd had his watch crushed to pieces by the re-
bound of the rope, but was not personally injured.—
Edinburgh Evening Courant.

A few days ago the premises of AfiSSrS.,
SIMMIN and MARSHA LL, booksellers, in StationerS'-fiall-
court, were burglariously entered. The thieves forced an
entrance by wrenching the iron bars over the cellar.
They ransacked all the drawers in the lower put of the
house, and then got into the counting-house at the upper
part of the house. They stole about 601. in cash, and in
the stere-room they took a large quantity of Sir, WaLvta
6cry2v's last work, the Chivnicles of the Canongate.—
The thieves made their escape by the front door, which
was secured by a strong iron bar and a patent luck, which
they broke.

RUSSIAN AND TURKISH CAMPAIGNS

tN 1810.

As I Was now in the centre of the ete.tSe of action
between the. Turks and Rtissians, in their last san-
guinary eaOptSigil, perhaps you would think a local
sketch of.sorre of the events not eninteresting,
1805 the Turks were in a state of get weakness
under their amiable b'st feeble Monarch, Selim ;
they had conceded to Russia, an extraordinary right
of interfering in the
.provinces of Wallachia and
Moldavia, that their respective hospodars should be
continued in office seven years, and not rtanoVable
but by the consent of Thiseies to this agreement,
however, they did rent adhere, and when the Rus-
sians reitionstrated, the Bosphorus was closed against
their ships. Taking umbrage at these causes
of complaint, General Michelson was despatch-
ed with sixty thousand men, whO croseeii
N ieetur, took Bender and Choteirti with little resist-
ance, and entered Yatesi, the capital of Moldavia.—
He then cntcred Bucharest, and took entire posses-
sion of the three provinces of Bessarabia, Moldavia,
and Wallachia; not leaving a Turkish corps or fors
tress on the north side of the Daimbe, with the ex-
ception of Giurdzio S end prepared immediately to
pass over to the other side. A tumultuary army
was neW hastily collected at Adrianople, of troops
from the provinces of Asia, and moved forward with
the Janissaries to the Danube; they mutinied, how-
ever, on their march, massacred some of the officers
who wished to introduce European discipline among
them, and when they at length arrived at the scene
of action were so diteeegdnised, that they effected
nothing assesinet the Russians, who remained in al-
most undisturbed possession of the province till the
year 1810 ; when the armies on both sides were
augmented to two hundred thousand men, and a
fierce and saugninary contest ensued, which; per,
hap, never was surpassed. The Russians passed
the Danube in three places. Their direct progress
would have been from Giurdzio to Rutschuk ; but at
this place the passage was impracticable, either at the
town or near it, as the banks were steep and high,
and defended with Turkish batteries. They there-
fore crossed over above it, at °strove, near Widdin,
and below it at Hirsova and Toutourkay, and laid
siege to Rutschuk. The town was vigorously de-
fended, and the Russians were repulsed in a despe-
rate attack, in which they lost six thousand
men. Kaminsky made also a similar assault on the
entrenched camp at Shumla; but here, too,
he ayes driven back with great carnage.—
It is to the vigorous defence of these two places, and
the losses sustained before than, that the derange-
ment of the Russian plans, and the final failure of
the campaign, are generally attributed. In Sep-
tember, Kaminsky left Langeron before Rutschuk,
and with his disposable force suddenly attacked the
Turks at Bayne. They defended themselves with
desperate valour; but were at length defeated, with
the loss of twelve thousand men in killed and
wounded; and Rutschuk was compelled to sur-
render, with all the Turkish flotilla lying before it,
and Giurdzio on the ether side. In order to create
a diversion, the Turks now sent a fleet into the
Black Sea, and threatened an attack on the Crimea :
notwithstanding this, the Russians concentrated their
forces in Bulgaria, and the grand vizir was obliged
to retreat before them, recross the Baleen, and take
up a position at Adrianople ; leaving, however, the
strong and impregnable fortresses of Varna on the
sea-coast, and Slitunle on the ascent of the moun-
tains, well secured at the other side. The feeble
&lin], and his successor Mustapha, lead both been
strangled ; and Mahomed had been called to the
throne, who even then displayed the vigour which
since has distinguished him. He set up the standard
of the prophet at Daud Pasha, a large plain two
miles from Constantinople, and issued a hati-sherif,
that all Mussulrnen should rally round it. In this
way he assembled, in a short time, a large army;
appointed a new grand vizir, whom he sent on with
the troops; and returned to the city. The new
vizir, Ahmed Aga, was a man of the same energy as
the Sultan. He immediately descended from the
mountains, forced the detached corps of Russians in
Bulgaria to re-cross the Danube, and made a fierce
attack upon Rutschuk, defended by the Russian
general Kutosov. The Russians, hard pressed,
transported the inhabitants to the other side of tire
river, set fire to the town in four quarters,•and then
retreated themselves. The Turks rushed into the
burning town, put a stop to the conflagration, and
took up their position there. The Grand Vizir
having thus di iven the Russians to the opposite
shore, was now determined to follow them ; and he
made the attempt in three places, Widdin,
Rutschuk, and Silistria. He succeeded at
Widdin, and established thirty thousand men
in Wallachia. He also succeeded at Ruts-
chuk, took possession of a large island in the
river called Slobodse, and, in perfect confidence,
passed the greater part of his army to the other
side, and established them in an entrenched camp.
Kutosov was not idle ; he immediately availed him-
self of the Vizir's crossing over, and detached eight
thousand men, trader General Markof, to attack the
camp he had left behind. A Turkish camp is formed
without any regularity. The Grand Vizir's tent is
always conspicuous in the centre, and becomes the
nucleus round which all the rest are pitched, as every
man chooses to place them. It is, however, their
strona-hold, to which they always retire, as a wild
animal to its lair ; and they defend it with the same
fiercer.ess and obstinacy. On this occasion they
were completely surprised; the whole of the camp,
including the General's tent, fell into the hands of
the Russians, and the fugitive Turks crowded into
Rutschuk. Here they were cannonaded by the ar-
tillery of their own abandoned camp, and General
Langeron, from the other side, directed an hundred
pieces of cannon to bear upon them. This was the
last effort of the combatants. The Turks, who had
entered Wallachia, at Widdin, retired to the other
side, and the Grand Vizir, having received great
reinforcements, 'concentrated them ;it Rutschuk ;
butt while the combatants were preparing to
renew the sanguinary conflicts, the exhaust-
ed state of the one, and the critical state
of the other, invaded by the French, induced them
to come to an accommodation; and the peace of
Bucharest, concluded in 1812, gave another acces-
sion of territory to the Russians, extending their
frontier from the Niester to the Pruth, arid assign-
ing to them all the country that lay between the two
rivers, Bessarabia, and a considerable part of Mol-
davia. The Russians withdrew from the provinces
of Wallachia and Moldavia, which they had occupied
for seven years, and have never since entered them.
They are now, however,inappearance,about to renew
their desperate conflicts, and dye the Danube again
with blood ; and the general opinion is, that they
will meet with no effectual opposition to their further
Progress ; but certainly the events of the last cam-
paign should induce us to adopt a different opinion.
They availed themselves of a moment of their
eneraies' weakness, and advanced, with little opposi-
tion, to that river : here they stopped ; and after a
very sanguinary and
persevering conflict of six years,
we find them, at the end of that period, still on its
shores.. Whenever they attempted to proceed
beyond it, they were driven back with carriage ; and
as it would be weak in the ha
a single town, scarcely fortified, as contemptible in
tEhtieroeie
s).
erst; ands, of
European troops, of arrested their career.
Should they force this artificial barrier, they
have to encounter a natural one; infinitely
is, the Balkan
rampart mountains. Over this great es
more formidable, and that
tar Bazargie ; two from Ternova, by Kc'eZnal4rd
are five practicable passes ; one
.fro
Selymeia ; and two from Shumla, byarnabat and
Haidhos. The three first lead to AdrianopleOi; the
two last directly to Constantinopl these,Art the
f
roads by Ternova are the most
yfor
the passes, however, do not appear
impracticable
rdel cavaly.
Turkish spahis. These are a kind of et
possessing hereditary lands on the tenure of appel-
ing in the field when called on. If they have
male children, the lauds devolve to the commander,
who assigns them to others on the same terms, and
so the corps is kept up. It consists of sixteeir le-
t

giont, who are perhaps the best mountain horsemen
in the world. When formed into cavalry they 'ob-
ser'..e little order; yet they act together with sur-,-
priSing regularity and effect : but it is in broken
ground and mountain passes they are most service,
able, where the surface seems impracticable for rut-
ropean horSbieti. Such cavalry, in the passes of the
Balkan, must oppose a formidable resistance to the
best-disciplined troops ; and no doubt the Russians
will find it so. Another obstacle will be atiorded
by the season df the year. The only time for
operation is the spring! the country is then ex-
ceedingly healthful, the rivers are full of sweet water,
the fodder abundant, the air salubrious t but as the
summer advances, the rivers dry up, vegetables dis-
s.ppetti', and nothing is presented but an arid, burn
;rig soil, intolerable from the glare of the sun by
day; and danfferens froth Mitt damp of the heav,--
1.e,.1:s by night. To pass this chain in winter, with
an army, seems a hopeless attempt, of which the
Russians themselves seem very conscious. In their
last campaign they were in possession of the whole
country, from the Balkan to the Danube, with the
exception of Varna, Nyssa, and Shumla, in which
the Turks were shut up ; and they had nearly
100,000 men in the plain below, completely equip•
ped, and were at the very base of the mountain and
the entrance to the passes; yet they never attempt-
ed to ascend, with the exception of a few straggling
Cossacks, who made a dash across the ridge, and
returned as speedily back again. Tl:e Turks seem
to have no apprehension of an approach to the
capital on this side : relying on the natural strength
of this chain of mountains, they have not fortified any
of the passes, nor do I recollect a single fortress from
Shurnla to Constantinople. Their great apprehen-
sion is, that the invasion will be made by sea; and
in this persuasion, not only the Dardanelles, but the
Bosphorus, resembles one continued fortress, from
the Sea f Marmora to the Black Sea.-IValsh's
Narrative of a Journey from Constantinople to
_England.

PRICES OF STOCKS THIS
Rank stock ...a.. '2O6N 6 ,
3 per Cent, lied.
3 per Cent. Cons. 55344
354 per Cent. -
Ditto Rot • - , ~.1,2
I per Cent New , , 10231
Ditto, ISO •it lotooieli••••lito .....
Bank L. Ann.
India Stock .......-.
Dittoßonds 03 99pm.

PRICES dF FOREIGN FTINDS
Austrian Bonds, .5 percent. --
Brazilian Bonds
Buenos Ayreg Bond, ,
Chilian Bonds, .6 per ct.
Colombian flonds

Ditto, 18'44
Danish, 3 pet cent.
(}reek Bonds
Ditto, 1825 --
Guatnnala .., ...-
XeX ican Bonds. —
Do. 1825. -

pßzoEs or Si-SUES TIC

ifrazilian Imp. )lin. Co. (is. at 5/.
Ditto National
United Mex. Min. Co. (isf:. at

PRICES OF IRISH STOCI
Bank Stock 2504
Consol3, 3 per rent.
Goy. Stock, 3N per tIX
Ditto, New
I per Cent. 100%
Gov. Deb. 3 per cent.
Royal Canal Stock
Grand Canal Stock
City Deb. 4 per cent ... 85
RallaSt Office Deb. 4 ct.

FOKYIGN EXdIIANCES ON LONDON.

ANIsTErIDA3I, MAY 23.-12.—Two months, 11. 97N.
1-lANintqwn, MAY 20.-13. 101,;—Two months, 13. 91,4.
Lrirstc, MAY 16.—Three months, 6. )4!i.
BEIELIN, MAY 17.—Three months, It. 24.
VIENNA, MAY 7.—Two months, 9. 5().
PE rERAHURCII, MAY 9.—Three months, 10 3.16.

Arrived. Due. Arrived. Due.
0 America 0 0 Hamburgh 1
I Brazil 0 I Holland 0
O Buenos Ayres
1 Dublin
1 Flanders 0 1 Lisbon 0
1 France
O Gottcnburgh I 0 Mexico 1
O Guernsey& Jersey. 0 1 Waterford I

/UGH WATER AT LONDON RKIDOK TO-MORROW.
Morning... 8 minutes after 0. Evening....:3B minutes after 0.