The Sun.
London, England, 1828-07-31 00:00:00

THE TURK.

THE SUBLIME PORTE.—Constantinople is styled
"The Sublime Porte—the Porte of Justice, Ma-
jesty, and Felicity." There have been various dis-
putes about the origin of this appellation. Payne,
an eminent geographer of the last century, -ays, that
it is derived from the magnificent gate built by Ma-
homet 11. at the principal entrance of the Seraglio.
CONSTANTINOPLE.—It is wonderful how little is
generally known with regard to this magnificent city.
Its situation is the most delightful in the world.—
With a harbour affording room for a thousand ships
—with the Euxine on its east, the natural current
of the wealth of Asia is through the Bosphorus; and
with Marmora on its south and west, the produc-
tions of Arabia, Egypt, and Europe, are at the com-
mand of its commerce. In the hands of a com-
mercial nation it would soon become the centre of
the commercial world. It is encompassed by walls,
which have 22 gates—six towards the land, six along
the Port, and ten on the Marmora ; these have stairs
and landing-places.
Constantinople, like Rome, is an " urbu septi-
collis." Its seven hills rise from the shore in the
form of all amphitheatre ; gardens, cypress groves,
palaces and mosques, rise. one above the other, and
present a view -worthy of all admiration. The castle
of the Seven Towers is used as an honourable prison.
A square tower stands in the sea, memorable as the
prison of Belisarius. . Near this are a great •many
cannon, level with the water, and guarding the en-
trance of the Port and the Seraglio. •
Sv.-SoPtitA.—The Church of St. Sophi (Divine
Wisdom) ww•as built
,by Justinian, iM the 6th century.
The dome is 113 feet in diameter, resting on arches;
supported by immense marble pillars ; and the stair-
case and pavement are also marble. Here is the
tomb of the Emperor Constantine.
The Exchanges are splendid buildings, and the
richest and rarest productions of the East are daily
sold in them in large qtrintities. Add to these the
numerous Mosques, the thirty Churches of the
Greeks, and those of the Armenians—the marry
private Palaces and public buildings—and you have
r some idea of the opulence and splendour of the .ca-
pital of the great Ottoman Empire.

LONDON.
THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 31, 181 S.

His MAJESTY arrived at his Palace, St.
James's, from Windsor, in an open carriage,
escorted by a detachment of the 15th Light
Dragoons, at five minutes before two this
afternoon.

Dr. SUMNER, Prebendary of Durham, is ap-
pointed to the Bishopric of Chester, as successor
to Dr. BLOMYIELD. The Duke's brother is
waiting till a richer Bishopric falls in.

According to French Papers received this
morning there was a general talk at Paris of a
Congress, which is to be held at Laybach. Its
object is said to be the regulation of the existing
interests concerned in the Turkish war, as well
as the consequences likely to result from the
Treaty of the 6th July. It is affirmed that all
the Powers will send their Ambassadors. What
necessity has Russia to send one ? Is not her
army sufficient ?

The Nuremburg Corresliondcni of the 22d
inst. says it was reported at Vienna that an alli-
ance had been entered into by England, France,
and Austria, to prevent the threatened :aggran-
dizement of Russia.

A German Paper asserts that 100,000 Russians
are advancing to force the passage of the Balkari
mountains. The Turks, it is said, depend on
their lines at Schumla, which are defended
by 1,300 Cannon.

The Vienna Court Gazette of the 19th inst.
contains from the Universal Gazette of Greece,
general instructions for the Extraordinary Com-
missioners of the Government, in six depart-
ments of the Archipelago. The President com•
plains that the prevalency of piracy, or the ten-
dency of vessels to that disgraceful system, will
in the end endanger the safety of the Greek
Navy,:—

VIENNA, JULY 17.

The Universal Gazette of Greece, No. 35, contains
general instructions for the Extraordinary Commissioners
of the Government, in six departments of the Archipelago.
These Commissioners (say the instructions) will find, in
the annexed papers, a clear and precise explanation of the
object which the Government had in view when it sent its
colleagues to the Mores. Having the same objects before
its eyes, and eager to fulfil the same duties, it hereby con-
fides to the patriotism and the ze,ll of the Commissioners
sent to the Archipelago the important task of establishing
a regular and legal Government ir) every island of their re-
spective departments.
It is by no means the intention of the Government to in-
troduce reforms, or create new political institutions ; on
the contrary, it wishes us much as possible to maintain the
ancient ones. But, in order to make them useful, it must
place them under the shield of the laws, and preserve them
fro:n the abuses which are produced by license, and their

consequences.
Building on this general basis, and keeping in view the
above-mentioned documents (the instructions to the Com-
missioners of the Government in tke Morea), the extraor-
dinary Commissioners for the Archipelago will decide
when they arc on the spot what order they should observe
for the purpose of executing- the measures thus pointed out,
and what modifications it may he advisable to adopt in con-
formity with local circumstances.
These instructions have therefore only some additional
articles in reference to the particular situation and interests
of the islands.
The first articles of these instructions relate to the ap-
pointment of the demogerontes, or elders—the only Go-
vernment authorities in the islands. The following relate
to the regulations for the navigation :—" The Government
hopes that it will have no farther occasion to proceed
against and to punish robbers, who have disgraced the na-
tional flag by piracy. It is well aware that in the islands
certain foreigners, under the cover of anarchy, seduced some
Greek sailors into this road of destruction. The Extraor-
dinary Commissioners will learn whether any individuals of
this description, still remain in the islands, and .if they do►
will not suffer them any longer to find an an asylum there.
They must have, an eye upon all foreigners whose resi-
dence is not accounted for by commercial or other public
and actual bnsiness ; but in proportion as they are strict
towards such adventurers, they will be eager to chew
honour and friendship to all respectable travellers, mer-
chants, and strangers, who are under the protection of the
Agents and Consuls whom their respective Governments
have in the islands. As no public act has yet regulated
the relations between these Agents and the Greek Go-
vernment, and as no former agreement between the
Turks and' the European Powers can now have any
validity,' it is for this reason impossible accurately to de-
termine the relations between these Agents and the Greek
Government. Nevertheless the Government is bound by
regard fur the European Powers, and by due care
for the commercial interests of the 'Allied Sovereigns,
practically to respect these Agents, and cause them
to be respected, without deciding (theoretically) for

or against such right. It is therefore highly necessary to
prevent all such disputes in a friendly and confidential
manner, and to arrange the difficulties that may arise in
commercial, maritime, and other affairs, between the sub-
jects of foreign states and Greek citizens. The Commis-
sioners will therefore employ all their attention and care to
satisfy the demands of these Agents according to the
strictest justice, and thus to prevent their applications to
the

Ad►nirale, or their complaints to the Government."

The same number of the Universal Gazette contains
also a Proclamation of the President to the inhabitants of
the six departments of the Archipelago, in which he an-
nounces the sending of the Commissioners, and its object,
and observing that the interest of navigation and com-
merce is the most ironortant concern of the islands, and
of the whole state, he notices the instructions given to
the Commissioners on the subject, and declares, that if the
law is again violated, and the national flag again disgraced by
piracy, the Greek nation will inevitably incur the danger
of being wholly destitute of a marine. He therefore calls
on them to second the exertions of the Commissioners and
concludes thus :—" Ybti now begin, in concert with the
Government, to work on your own regeneration. Our of--
forts are made under the eyes of the Powers, who are
pleased to hare compassion with onr misfortunes, and still
farther to encourage us in the hopes which the Treaty of
the 6th of July gives us. Our future fate isin their hands.
Let us do our duty, and entertain no doubt, either of the
ravonr of God, or of the justice of the Allied Powers."
(Signed) " J. A. CAPO D'ISTRIA.
" S. TRICUPIS, Secretary
of State."

" Egira, May 26.

Mauritius Papers have been received to the
13th of April, but their contents do not present
any article of the slightest interest.

A vessel, the Alinshet, has arrived at Liver-
pool from Buenos Ayres, having broke the
blockade on. the 16th of May, but she brings no
letters, nor any news with which we are as yet
acquainted.

In consequence of the extraordinary and
dextrous rapidity with which the business of Par-
liament was on Monday last concluded, we are
authorised to state that two petitions were pre-
vented from being laid before the House—the
Gne for Reform, by Sir FRANCIS BURDEIr.
The Honourable Baronet intended to have
begged the attention of the House to the pre-
sent state of affairs, as connected with the neces-
sity of Reform, in hope of calling forth the feel-
ings of the country in public meetings, previously
to the re-assembling of Parliament. He would
have proceeded to prove that the events of that
Session more than ever confirmed his former opi-
nions that the House of Commons, as at present
constituted, was evidently incompetent to ensure
the adoption by his MAJESTY'S Government of
any line of policy in accordance with the interests
of England, or any good measure however recom-
mended by common sense, right feeling, or public
opinion. That the unconstitutional doctrines of late
so unblushingly laid down by one of the highest
authorities of the present administration—sanc-
tioning the unprincipled mis-application of Cor-
porate Funds and Trust Monies to the pur-.
poses of returning Members for the House of
Commons, would, jf suffered to pass unnoticed,
make what was called popular representation
even worse than it was already, and render
some public protest and demonstration of feeling
on the subject immediately and imperatively
necessary. That the anomalous and unpromis-
ing composition of our Government-its abject
policy abroad, and suspicious characteristic at
home—its profligate expenditure of the money
of the people in contempt of the sug-
gestions of the Finance Committee, and
in contradiction of its own pr,ofessions of
economy and retrenchment—could only be in
any way counteracted by the exertions awd watch-

fulness of the country out of doors. That the
evasive and undecided language held by
the highest functionaries of the realm, on

he most vital and important topics of our

foreign and domestic affairs, and the apparently
unsettled plans as to our Colonial and Commer-
cial Administration were alarming to every honest
ant' plain-dealing politician, and could not be
continued if the people possessed any con-
troul over their Representatives. That the
consistency of the IJouse of Commons with
regard to its own votes and resolutions,
its vain fears of a dissolution, and consequent
subserviency to the Mioister of the day, were
such, as to render hopeless all chance of wise
and liberal measures from it, while the people
remained silent and quiescent. That, as it was
as impossible, ash would be odious and impolitic,
for Government to attempt to silence public feeling
both in England and Ireland at the same time,
and as the fear of foreign invasion or civil war
could not now be made a pretext for the sup-
pression of meetings for Reform—this was the
moment for the friends of the principle to rally
and to hold public meetings throughout the
country, for the purpose. of discussing the mea-
sures best calculated to insure its adoption.
Mr. OTWAY CAVE was also, as we under-

stand, prevented in the same way from present•
ing an Irish petition, and making a last appeal

to Ministers for a disclosure of their inten-
tions with regard to Ireland, on the un-
fortunate state of affairs, and OR the inde-
cent displa- of militar force at the late

election in that country—and if we arc to

judge by the sudden movement of troops
to that quarter, we must confess that the sinis-
ter silence of Government, on this most im-
portant point, throughout the whole of the
Session, and the almost unconstitutional avoid-
ance of it in the King's Speech, are calculated
to excite no trivial apprehensions in the mind of
every considerate man.

Letters have been received from the City of
Mexico of the 4th June, and from Vera Cruz