The Sun.
London, England, 1826-01-18 00:00:00

FASHIONABLE .ENTELL,IGENCE. IDE PRADT'S CONGRESS OF PANAMA

UNITED .STATES,

PUIL ADELPiI rA, DECEMBER 15, 1825.--BA NIL
STOCK.—[u this city yesterdny, 115 to 114. In
New York on Tuesday, 113.

(From the BostiM Courier ofDec. 14.)
'Mexico.---We have received the two principal
Papers of the Mexican capital down to the end
of September. The President 'of the Mexiean
Union had accepted the resignation of St,Ala-
men as Secretary of Foreign Affairs, and ap-
pointed as .his successor ad interim, Sr. Gomez
Pedraza. It was said that Sr.'Catuacho, Mem.
her. of jhe Sovereign Congress froth Jalapa, would,
be nominated to the post. Sr. MiChelena reached
the Mexican metropolis on the 9.601.4 Septem-
ber from England, where he had filW the
office of Mexican ambassador. 1.10 was to pro-
ceed soon to Panama, being .One of' the Dele-
gates of Mexico to the Congre,,s. The 16th of
September, the anniversary of the first Mexican
" cry of Liberty," was celebrated by public re-
joicings. It is remarked with what particular
brilliancy the houses of the Plenipotentiary of
the -United States and :the Envoy of Great Bri-
- thin were illuminated. .
We most not forget to mention the creation and
installation of a Grand Lodge of Freemasons
Mexico. It k composed of the first men of the
coon t ry.—( Mt/lanai Gaziftte.)
(From the Nerd York Caietteq, Der. 13.)
CoQUINMIBU.-4Uttr Boston correspondent, Mr.
Topliff,, writes as under date of the 11th inst. as
follows :—" Captain Ford informs me that a few
days previous to his'sailing, a poor muleteer dis-
covered on the surface of the earth, about 14,
leagues from Coquimbo, a large quantity of
silveq which he made known nt
This led other persons to the spot, and the
result of their search was the discovery of four
or five very rich mines, which promised to he
almost inexhaus(ible, traced from the silver
found by the m leteer. One of the mines was
discovered by Mr. Daniel W. Frost, an Ame-
rican merchant, residing at'Coquimbo, and it
.was
supposed he would obtain,a grant to work it for
his own benefit, as the other discoverers had
dour. The Muleteer had been offered 30,000
for the silver discovered. by him, as it lay, on
the ground. People were flocking from Co-
quimbo to the spot in search of silver, so
that it wa• extremely difficult to get any bu-
*bless done at the time the Colon departed."—
Letters received in Salem from Madagascar,
via Batavia, to June 10, states that a furieus
and exterminating war still raged between the
natives of different parts of the Island, and that
the town.of Mhjinga, the principal trading place
in the is,land, had been totally destroyed by one
sit the hostile parties, and the inhabitants had all
fled to the interior. In consequence of this event,
the American vessels there could not obtain car-
goes, and were about to leave for other places.
Other letters add, that the whole Island was in
(Teo rebellion to the usurped power of king,Ra-
dam, and that the greatest confusion existed, and
all trade completely stopped.
CONGIIES or Past.sstA.-7lt seems •to be, gene-
rally admitted that the roost important feature in
the President's Message is that which indicates a
determination to send Ministers to the Congress
of American Republics to be held at Panuma.
What specific object such a measure, is intended
to produce, or what indirect • he'oefit is to .be fix-
peeted from it, we are not inforseed;,ed our
distance from the capital dppriv” us of anylight
that might be obtained from the conjectures of
these who are in possession of cabinet secrets.

Extract of a letter from Inishington to a Gentleman in Rich.
mom', dated D.:comber 0.

The Message occupit•d one hour in the read•
ing, spreml over vast space, and literally goes the whole ! !
The election of yesterday was, as I expected, 'Administration
and Anti-Proinistretion., The Administration folks, I pre.
mune, got alerted, and united (many against their wishes, as
expressed) on Taylor, and he carried the day by a vote or two
This commencement augurs no good, towards a peaceful Sea-
siou I ' _

Qu'situ, DEC. I.—Ttt E SEASON.-- I t is re-
itiarkAble Out the river is still:perfectly open,
end that there is not a piece,of floating ice to he
seen.

DEC. 3.—The navigation of our river has this
year been open for a longer season than usual ;
upwards of 31 weeks have elapsed between
the arrival of the first shipq, on the 24th April,
and that the departure of the lust, the Thetis
(which will probably sail this clay); even now
no ice is to be seen, and the Laprarie steam-boat
arrived yesterday from Montreal, without en.
countering any impediment in her passage down.
Dcc. s:—The Catholic Bishop of Quebec,
Monseigneur J. 0. Plessis, died at two o'clock
yesterday, somewhat suddenly. He was speak-
ing at the time to his medical attendant, awl
preparing to write, when he fell back in his chair
and expired.
COTTON tore.---The article of cotton, the
great staple of our southern country, it would
seem is about to be brought into requisition for a
new and valuable purpose. We learn from a
Providence paper that Samuel Greene, of Paw-
tuxet, (It. 1.) has received a premium at the ex-
hibition of manufactures in that state, for making
cotton cod lines. It is stated that they outlasted
the hempen lines employed for the same purpose.
The inventor thinks that cotton cables would be
more durable than hempen, possess more elasti.
city, end the threads being much finer and many
thousands twined together, would be stronger.

(From the New York .American, Dec. 19.)
It is said that the President has appointed
Thomas. Williams, late a Senator in Congress
fro►n Tennesse, Charge d'Affaires at Gautimala,
vice Mr. Miller, deceased.
Accordi►►g to a census of the city of New
York, just taken, the population is 162,391—0 f
these 80,009 are males, and 82,38c2 females.

The New York canal tolls this season will
amount at least to 500,000 dollars. Last year
the amount of tolls was 289,320 8 dollars, thus
giving an increase to this year of 210,070 42
dollars.

WASHINGTON, DEC. B.—The excess of our
revenue has induced many members to talk of a
reJlnction of the duties on such articles as enter
into the consumption of almost every family, as
coffee, teas, cocoa, wines, and salt. It may be
necessary to prevent smuggling from the British
North American Colonies. Already the importa-

Lion of teas into them has been felt by our Chinn
merchants. They pay little duty, whilst our du-
ties are extravagantly high. We pay five dollars
on 1001b9. coffee, whilst they' pay only one dol-
lar. The consequences on all our eastern and
northern borders will soon be felt by our revenue,
and can be prevented but by a reduction of oar
duties. The British colonies have now an open
commerce with all the world, and will flourish
by smuggling their importations into the United
States.

Extract of a letter from Mr. Timothy Wigging
an American gentleman, who has succeeded Mr.
Williams, addressed to one of the correspondents
of that gentleman in Albany, and published in
the Argus : _ _

• • " London, Oct. 27,-1825.
" I have. to inform you that my respectable friend Mr.
'Samuel Williams, of this city, stopped payment on the 24th
instant,. and that he has been made a' bankrupt, in-order to in-
sure a fuir and speedy distriluition of the property. ,Thus
shunted, he is anxious to relieve his 11UOINTO11.s correspondents
and friends from as much inconvenience us possible, and with
this view he requested me to succeed to his -business. I have
complied with his request, and commenced business, at his
}Muse, No. 13, Finsbury-square,•with•a capital adequate to the
undertaking."

EQUALITY Or Ilacto..—A decree of the Libe-
rator, dated Cuzco, July 4th, says, that consi-
dering equality among all the citizeias to be the
basis' of the constitution of the Republic ; that
this equality is incompatible with the personal
service which has heretofore been forcibly re-
quired from the- aborigines, and with the exer-
tions and ill-treatment they have at all periods
suffered, while groaning beneath the severe
yoke of the civil magistrate!), Alte curates, ca-
ciques, and even the' planters ; that in the
distribution of several sinecurea and offices,
they have been unjustly overtaxed ; that the
price of the labour to which they have been
doomed, against their will, has been defrauding
them, that one of the most grievous plague of
their existence is the payment of the excessive
and arbitrary imposts, which are customarily en-
forced for the administration of the sacraments;
therefore decreed, that no inhabitant of the coin-
moowealth shall, directly or indirectly, exact the
personal service of an aboriginal Peruvian, unless
a personal contract be made for the value of his
labour, that the Prefects of the Departments, at-
tendants, Governors, Judges, Ecclesiastical Pre-
kites and other subordinates, the planters, pro-
.
prietors of mines and factories, who are accus-
tomed to employ the aborigines, whether wit
ling or not, in what is called seventh-day la- I
hour, or drafting them by lots to work.on the
public highways, ,or other public works, under-
taken for the benefit of the community, and such
as the Governor may hereafter direct, the indi-
genous inhabitants shall not, as heretofore, he
exclusively burdened with the weight of such
tasks, for each citizen is bound to contribute his
share according to his standing, anti in so far as
his abilities extended, that the political authorities
through the intermediation of the justices of the
peace, or corporate functionaries of the people,
are henceforth to provide beasts of burthen,
victuals and other articles requisite for the sot-,
diary, and these levies are to be made without
any distinction of classes, or oppressing the In-
dians more than the rest of the citizens ; that the
price of the day's labour, for all workmen miners,
and cultivators of the earth, is to be paid in
specie according to the estimate specified in
their several comrades, without forcing them in
,the least to receive articles in lieu thereof
prices below the,, eirrrertt market, value. The'
faithful roiromeot of the preceding decree is
entrusted to the scrupulous vigilance of the in-
tendants, governors and territorial Commis-
sioners of the mines. It further enacts, that the
aborigines are not to -pay a larger sum for Fro-
chial taxes or tithes than what is actually esta-
blished by the existing regulations, or such as the
Government may hereafter deem advisable ,to
levy ;' that the curates and their deputie3 are. by
no means to regulate these imposts, unless
through the intervention of the intendant Gayer
-
nor of the state. All infractions or neglect of
the foregoing articles are to be punishable and
finable at law, and the Secretary-General ad
interim is charged with the execution and fulfil-,
meta of the decree.

The vines planted in the Crimea, have been
productive beyond the most san4uhte expecta,
flow. The average quantity of wine yearly, is
computed at 6,750060 French pints.
The New York American says, " if we are
correctly informed, the Freud) Government have
recently come to the conclusion absolutely to
reject the claims of our merchants for indemnifi-
cation ; and this conclusion will be, if it has not
been already, communicated to Mr. Brown,
whenever he presses again for an answer."

Thu' population of Lima was formerly esti-
mated at 100,000, but at present it does not ex-
ceed 50,000. Many patriot families have emi-
grated, and some of the old Spaniards have gone
to Spain.

•
A LAMENTABLE CIBEUMSTANCE ocotirrPd at
Buenos Ayres on the 30th of. September. As Mr. STEPtiEst.
sox, Captain of the merchant ship Tipton Hall, was returning
from a ride, he met in the Calle del 25 de Mayo, the procession
of the Host, but which he at the time took to be a funeral ; and
in order to let it pass without any interruption, he drew his
horse as near the wall as possible. In this situation a black
man, who was carrying a lanthorn, approached him in such
a manner as led hint to suppose he was asking alms, on,
which he put his hand in his pocket, for the purpose of giving
him some money; but before lie could withdraw it, or even
had the least conception of his design, he seized hold of the left
hand, and throwing him under his horse, wrenched the first joint
of his thumb so violently, and dislocated it so completely, that
on recovering his feet he found the sockets ofthe joint protruding
through the skin. This atrocious outrage, instead of calling for
the interference of the other members of the procession in his
favour, appeared to be fully approved of by every one of them ;
and we grieve to add, that. in consequence of the, dislocation
a locked jaw came on, of which Mr. Stephenson died on the.
21st of October last. He was much respected in his
.pro-
fession. What makes the event doubly distressing is, that the
unhappy victim of bigotry and barbarism has leftfour children,
who were entirely dependent on him for support.

The 79th Highland Regiment at Quebec have
discarded the kilts, and now wear the more suit-
able dress of grey trousers.
The number of children who die annually in
Russia amounts to little short of one-fourth of the
whole mortality in the empire, and is supposed to
be owing to the three immersions in cold water
which they undergo at the time of baptism.—
Among the more enlightened classes warm water
is now introduced.

DUKE OF YORK'S LEVEE.
rtlterday, at half-past folir o'clock, the Doh of Yo nit as
Commander-io.niief, held s Levee at his Office•.in, the Horse
Guards, which was attended hy,-..Lord tirtintley, Lord Teyn
ham, Genial Maitland, Majbr General 4 S. Browne mid Strat-
ton, and 'about thirty other Military Officers, Sir ,Charlea
Gordon, Mr. Sergeant Cross, &c.

:

DEPARTURES- FROM TOWN. •
The Earl and Countess of tiurrei-, fru. Putneyrivath ; the
Dowager Countess de titey, for Putney Ileath.• Lord Sirlney,
for.Frognali, Kent. 7Front the Claiondon hotel, Bond-scree--
J. Walker, t.;sq. for Bath. From Kirkham's flotok bower
Brook-strept—Mrs. Wynn. for SouthamOtOn ; J. lorratt,
Esq. for Brighton ; W. Coles, Esq. on a four.' From Nerot's
lintel, Clilibrd.s; rect—Colou el Fortescui and -fa rM)y.

ARRIVALS IN TOWN.
At Gould's Hotel, Jermyn-street—:Sir George An d Lad? Nu-
gent, from Bucks. 'At the Clarendon Hotel—S. Jerkaiie,
Bog, from Paris. At -11ivart's Hotel, Lower Brook-street—
Captain Wiamer, Imperial Aid.de-Camp, from St'. Peters.:
burgh ;. Hubert. oc Burgh, Esq. from Drayton.- At Flationg's
hotel, Oxford-atreet—Thumaa Gordon, and Mrs. Gor-
don, from Scotland ; James Robinson, Esq. from Scotland ;
Colonel Vaughan !LloYd and Captain Lloyd, front Wales.
At Nerot's Hotel—Lord Kensington ; MTS. and the Aliases
Chnlissley ; the Hon. Alr. Edwardes; the Rev. Mr. ThoniPion
and Mrs. Thompson.

The Duke of York paid It visit to Prince Leopold, on -Mon-
day afternoon, at his resideneein '
Princa Leopold honoured Drury-lane Theatre with his pre-
sence on Monday evening. . .
Yesterday Morning about tWelve o'clock, Prince Leopold left
tev.-ty for Clarmeibt, ' •
I
On Monday afternoon, soon after fourVelock, Mr. Secretary
Peel arrived in London from .Briglitop, nod yeitterday trans-
acted huSiness at the Home Office. •
Yesterday morning, about:eleven o"desk, the Cht,ncellor of
the Exchequer arrived in town from Beckenham, in Keht, and
after -transacting business at the Treasury and ut Fife House,
left town again. -
The Earl of Clare, report Says, will shortly lead to the Hy-
menal altar Lady nyder, daughter to the Earl of Marrovabk...
Alas. COUTTS'S. Pattrr..,-On Sunday evening, in Picea-
dilly, a Conrersathne was held in the saloon on the. ground
floor, which was attended by about sixty persons of Fashion.
Soon after midnight the //put Lyett was introduced; and
astonished her auditors. A French Lady displayed incom-
parable science and Voice in Italian airs. Miss .Goodall
also contributed to .the - vocal treat. Sir George Smart pre-
`sideti at the pianoforte. About two o'clock a sumptuous sup.
per,. all, hot., wtmserve4 up in the great dining-room. There
were present, the Duke of St. Albans and his sisters, i. e. Lady
Caroline (;apel tutd,Latly Charlotte Ikauclerk ; Counters Essex!
and the lion. Miss Cape), Countess I.4udolfr, Lady and Miss
Trollope, lion:. Lincoln Stanhope. and Lord Petersham, Sir
George Warrcnder, Sir William Scott, LOrd and Lady Tulle-
more, lion. Mr. Twislettin, Countess •of Guilford and the.
Ladies North, Sir Charlet! and Lady, Ogle.

SPORTING INTE ENCE.

STATE or rnz ODDS.-1
nr.v

21 tot ago Monareh
II to 1 agat Tredrille c.
15 to l'agst I'he General
IB to 1 aget Grarnarie
20 to i agst Advance
22 to I ;wet Panic (Zulaika)
25 to I agst Sophist

6 to 1 apt rawn
6 to 1 rtpt Filtagrste
13 to 2 apt Mignonese

i)oNCASTEti
29 to 4 agst Bedlatnitts,
21 to 2 agst Belzoni
12 to 1 agst Crusader
20 to 1 agst Barataria
30 to 1 agst Calypso

IIiTTING-ROO4, JAN. 1C
ny.
28 to 1 agst Rowena
35 to t agst Cedric
35 to 1 agst Bolivar
40 to I ngst Pluto
BO to 1 twit Henry
60.t0 1 aget Barossa.

K 3.
11 to 1 agst ITzahtt}t
12 to 1 Not Moses
13 to 1 age, i I enry.
. ar. f. EG I: tt
35 to I aght Ilarefoot
ttO to I agst ItestleKs
2000 to 30 apt. King Cole
20U0 to 30 agstStepitenson'Ac

Tnk SrAtestimic ltivEtt.--A brilliant' sun
prodtieed a gay cavalcade in Hyde'Park yester-
day, bending its course, at one o'clock, to the
nor ttillank of tlie river. Here were assembled a
phalanx' of men of sciencVl-th.e. first exhibition
the season has produced. We never saw " the
eight circles in one" more clenrly cut, or more
' gracefully performed. The ice was, in all the
•central'parts, frorn eleven to twelve inches thick,
And quite solid enough to bear almost any fottr-',
wheeled cantiage.—.Whatever inconveniences the
present season may produce,, the hicurio/1p will,
rejoice to find there is a plentiful harvest of fee,
end chat while they lay in their winter's coals
they may provide for their summer's cooling.
UItIVIWC ACROSS THE SERPENTINE B,IVER. YOUR
IN HANG.---A wager being made-of one hundred
Sovereigns that Mr.HENItY n EMT) jun. would not
drive his MATCHLESS BLACKING CARAVAN, with
four horses, over the ice on the Serpentine 'River
in ifyde Park, yesterday, at haMptisf2
Mr. 11.4ppeared with the carriage and four fine
bay purses, dressed in a 'drub great coat, white
breeches and top boots; in the - dickey sat his
two bogle.meti playing -Rule Britannia. Ills ap-
pearance eras loudly cheered' by the people, after
driving twice upend down the banks, .the horses
took to the ice at the Old Elm Stumps without
hesitation, and proceeded in a slinging trot to.,
wards Kensington..gardens, where he landed and
made a circle back to the River, the bugle's play.'
lug 46 God save the King." lie again returned
back in the.seme direction, and landed again on
the north side amidst the deafening acclamations
of
dayan i
attractedu)lense 7,niunlntiptutfl::hioTile
nib;(li,x7nesyihs o time
while the
sitamcns in thousands accompanied Mr. H. in hi'
QLAC/AL 4lcursion.

Kupr. played Lcar on Friday night, says
die Albany Daily .Advertiser, to a very full house ;
a large proportion of the audience consisted of
ladies. On Saturday lie acted Shylock ; the
house on this evening, though not so full, was
respectable. To-night he appears as Sir Giles
Overreach. It is out dour power to describe to
our readers the electrical influence which this
man's powers produce on the audience. It is
infinelyp superior to any thing weever saw. " lie
is himself alone l"

Naiit DESPAia!---Mr.J6lin Claig, of Wood..
stock (Virginia), aged 643, and his wife, in her
75th year, have, like A braham and Sarah, of
old, been blessed with a child to support them in
the wane of life. The good old lady was safely
delivered of a fine boy a few days ago.--(.4meri-
can Papsr.)
A RKADY RECKONER.—When GEORGE BID-
DER. the calculating phenomenon, was a very
little boy, be made the tour of England with his
father, displaying every where his astonishing
power of combining and resolving numbers.;
Among and difficult ques.,
tines
several
preparetivepruyrphosgseelnyiofuosr
him, an ignorant
pedagogue asked (without furnishing any data)
" bow many cows' tails would reach to the 1
moon ?" The boy turned upon the enquires. an
eye of considerable archness, and answered in-
stantly, 46 One if it were long enough."

d

Woneluded from our Paper of the M inst.)
IVe. conclude our notice of this interesting
work, by extracting the following spirited pa-
n i between tire merits of BoLivAtt, and those
of WASPINGTON.--NAPOLEON-11114 ITTJFI DE :--
• •
As tho Congress of Panama brings me back to the affairs
of America, I may be permitted to speak of the actors who,
at different periods, have appeared whh the greatest cetat 'On
this vast scene, and to compare them, whether with each other,
or with personages who haie been placed in similar circum.
stances, but who have made a different application of them.
Every great, scene brings before the eyes, of the world great
actors ; and more particularly in revolutions,. are developed
great talents, great characters, courage, devotedness: from
their bosoms inevitably spring the. master-spirits Oposnmes
elite), whom humanity counts at long intervals, and wham she
possesses without knowing, whose existence without these revo-
utiona, had never been revealed, arid who are placed in the
course of ages, like torches to light the 'road, and to show
mankind how far his genius can attain, when free to expand
itself.
• " A great character has arisen in South America ;•she•has no
longer reason to envy the United States ; and Colombia may ,
place Or 1301.11VAlt not only by the side of WASHINGTON', but
rem still higher. 'When a man appears with some brilliancy
in a career, it is natural to the human mind to compare him
with those who have been remarked in a nearly similar situa-
tion ; thiS is the case with Bolivar—the name of Washington
is by all mouths pronounced at the same moment as his.
Strange want of reflection ! there is between these two men as
great a distance, as between. South America and the old States
of the Union. Compare the auxiliaries of Washington—the
Franklins, the Adamses, the Jeffersons, with the first corn.
panions of Bolivar ; compare the North AMerican population,
composed of English, equal to the English of England, with
the mixed races of South America—the facility of forming the
first, provided with a preparatory education like that of Eu.
rope, with the .difficulties of employing usefully the South
Americans, among. whom a Spanish education was.prevalent4
compare the North Americans, enjoying the benefits of the
English Cmistitation, with the South Americans, laid down for
these hundred years beneath the Spanish and monkish despo-
tism—and you will see on which side are presented the greatest
difficulties, and which derives the greatest merit and glory from
having conquered them. On one side all was already done, on the
other all was yet to do. Calculateonoreover, the duration and
dangers of the war waged in the two positions—its • incredible
fatigues in such a country as South America, and its immense
results, with those of the war in the United States., Did Wash-
ington pass eleven years under arnuo, as Bolivar has done? and
as he still does; dal he, like the latter, hold the sword in one
hand, and trace codes with the other ? did he, like Bolivar, deli.
ver a neighbouring country with the troops of his own country,
which he had effritochised ? HaS Bolivar had such allies as
France and Spain ? Has he riot, amidst all the menaces of
.Europe, pursued, with an imperturbable frown, the career on
which he first entered ? The Revolution of the United . States
did, it is true, give the first movement to the social reformation
which is operating throughout the universe ; but it was confined
to a very narrow sphere; whereas the South American revolu-
tion has rieveloped this great change, and by the extent and
riches of the space which it embraces, it will perfectly complete
it. The action of Washington scarcely went beyond his own
country ; that of Bolivar embraces the world : let then, the
world, In its gratitude, offer him the respect which is due to an
universal benefactor, tier such he is, and it is but a debt we pay
to him : in Bolivar, the universe is enriched by a name which
will occupy a first place among the objects of the just admire,
Lion of the human race.

"There is above all, one pnint of view in which Bolivar and
Washington have been frequently compared; it is, • that of
the disinterestedness and patriotic moderation which made
them both renounce profiting, for their own elevation, by the
power which they acquired.from their great services. Already
struck with too many examples in which We have seen bands
armed for the service of their country, impose the yoke upon it
through the very means confided by it'for its defence. Europe
awaited with anxious curiosity, the part that would be tie.
sinned by Bolivar; and men, judging by themselves, already
saw hint retaining for his own advantage, the power which
he had created in his country.. Others formed hopes that he
would posaess himself of this pawer„and pleased themselves in
foreseeing through that, either facilities to put down the Attie.
rican Revolution, or the means of throwing odium, on that and
on, every other RevolutiOn,—a vulgar thought, and which a
noble mind had rejected with indignation: Since Marius and
Sylla, we have been accnstonied to military chiefs appro.
priate to themselves theepower ucquired by arms, and enslave
their country, after huving gloriously served it. Many were the
, hopes founded on this presumed disposition of Bolivar ; but
how fur was he himself from entertaining similar ideas ! lie
has only evinced one impatience—that of resigning his power :
to -*erre::: his. ~country, to.,seteAmerica free ; such was • his
ambltion...ean,imniortel glory.e an imperishuble name, was all
at which he aimed. " 1 cnly aspire," said he, "to put an
end to the two greatest plagues which can afflict the world—
war, said the dictatorship i•" admirable words, calculated for
ever to confound the timbitielle, and time. parrici4ca :of their
country, those who in the evils of civil war only seek-a means
sib( acquiring power, and raising themmelvee to a throne, on the
ruins of the laws, and the bloody corpses of their fellow men
The greatest example end the greatest lesson of moderation
have been given by Bolivar, end his glory is so much the,more
brilliant, ae the path to royalty was smooth before him: The
moderation, of Washington has been highly extolled, but
what means did lie possess of :deviating; from it ?. Were not
Franklin, end the other Ametlean Chiefs, so many barriers
against all ambition ahi Cromwell Washington was disin.
tercet:ed.—let him be praised for. it ; but, was it in his powereo,
have been otherwise ? whereas Bolivar might have become
whatever he chose in it country which had never known any
thing but Monarchy! The , seccess of Iturbicle in Mexico fur.
nitthes a proof of this. t were his Aervices quit hie talents
compared with those of Bolivar ? and yet lie attained the throne,
and would have remained there, had not the intoxication of power
blinded his reason, and provoked the excesses which ruined hime
Setting aside all that relates to legitintheY, with which we are
not occupied, we shall also tied some defect of indgment in
another comparison often met with—that of Napoleon and 110.
liver. Their positions lied nothing in common ; the one has
produced events—the other was dragged onward by them; in
oattlittiekcebdueteidtse,t rirnuonilaercihia—ce
for monarchy--in theother,
the ettown one
tiler situationpa itb)taelnr:trabe
fiewnweeritteitbi erttihirtihsieadr
all wall
as for fititeren monarchy aloneeand the respective chiefs in the two
States, have succeeded, the one in tioing-Whate4er lie wished,
whilst the other was led by, the natured things to do that which
in all probability was not in his, primitive will, which may not
have looked sohigh by itself, but have been led there by irre.
sistible circumstances. • This merit assigne Bolivaret separate
place in history ; if there be a 'mortal whose destiny, every thing
conmidered, can excite envy, it is that of a man who has put
AtlleTiCil in chilies, in order to give her liberty---in,the swaddling
clothea of infancy, in order to invest her with the robe of the most
brilliant manhood ; who, during ten years, warrior, legislator,
conquerer, pure of all abuse,, of all arbitrary conduct, of all
excess, instead of placing himself upon the summit of the
pyramid he had raised, aspired only to lay at its foot the
sword and the fasces of command, content to follow and direct
hy, his kola the march of an whole world, in the career which
his arm had first made it enter. Certainly, this is fine, grand,
worthy of admiration and of envy ; it assures to the mortal
from whom so many wonders have emanated, the foremost
place that any man has yet occupied among his fellows. We
have but one vow to form for this great Man,—that heaven
may long permit him to enjoy this incomparable glory, in the
bosom of his incomparable country.
" The morality of the world, shaken by so many examples of
violence, ambition, baseness, and hypocritieel cupidity, stand
in need of support. The example of one virtuous great- man
may prove the beginningeif a general purificetion, etid have the
effect of dirinfecting society. tiolivar :lies just rendered this
immense service to unirikind ; his moderetion in the riiidet of
1% hen
tiougnititivtlai: the highest power, has more than rendered odious, a
ex pence of country—it liar rendered it riaimslous• l
refused the diadem in America who could dare to pike it on his
head,without exposing himself to the laugh (tribe universe? This
great example makes ambition enterupcm a weer quite new to it,
and, forces it to confine itself to the honour of public services,
laurlbieitsiowrialflip:iivoantgeerindteilitvlitidnudaLte—rn
anti to the gratitude of fellow.citizeps, henceforth freed from
tFhoerfteialer
fvofttiinza, solownefrhoim the
efs
of
nations the payment of their tieryiees bY,,tbc; loss of liberty, and
the people will no longer Asir to find oppressors iii their defenders,
and to feel duties fall from laurels shaped in the form of crowns,
by bands armed with a sword confided to them for their protec.
ion ; the parts of the Illariuses, the Users, the Cromwells, the
Walsteins, is at an end—that of warlike citizens, limitingtheir •
hopes at this title, begins. Bolivar has opened this new era,
and by it lie has served the whole world, as much as by the
long series of his labours he has served one of portions—
Ameriea."

s It would be curious to inquire how Napoleon was led to
place himself upon the throne: to seize such a post is not an
idea either simjae or innate. What foresight can from the first
step distinguish a goal so distant ? what ambition at the debut,
can COVet Fs pOSUSI4OII Of so lofty 4 description, and placed at a
distance 40 desPerate?

NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICAN
SUBBCRIPTION ROOM. Jam. 18.

Papers received this morning :—New.Tork, of
the 17th Dec. ; Philadelphia, of the 14th Dec.; Boston, of the
14th Dec.; Baltimore,.of the 14th Dec.; Quebec, of, the 6th
Dec.,; Montreal, of the 7th Dec. ; Charleston, of the 6th Dec.;
Savannah, of the 3d Dec. ; New Orleans, of the 9th Nov. ;
Norfolk, of the 9th Dec.,; Richmond, of the 10th Dec. ; and
PetershOrgli .the 9th Dec. = , '
• LivEuroor., Jaar.lB.—.Arrived the packet-ellip New York,
Bennett, sailed Dee.,.18; paviongers.E. 11..Sandentors,, Win.
Liddle, A. Williams, of England, John Robinson, of New
York, -- Kelly,. of Galway, Massachussets, Jahn Tor-
ranee, of Montreal, Ledler, of Vera. Crui, John An-
drews, of Liverpool, Capt. Mackenzie, R. N., add. Lieutenant
Warren, R. A. ; the Josephine, Nickoht, the York, Baker,
the Cadmus, Allen, from Havre, the Canvilley, Nek, from
Greenock, and the Swallow packet, from Falmouth, arrived at
New York Dec.lo ; the Pocahontas, Brown, front Liverpool,
and the Exchange, Mowat, 'front 'ditto, arrived at. Baltimore
Dec.B ; the Topax, Callender, from ditto, at BOston, Dec. 9 ;
the Atlantic, Fordick, from Belfast, and ahaßreeble, %Valker,
from Hamburgh, at New York Dec. 15 ; the John .Brown„
Bowen,- from London, at Holmei Hole December 11 ;
the Cygnet packet, from Falmouth, at New York Dec. 15.
The ship William Tabb, from Norfolk thr. Liverpool, was off
the Point Shoals 6th Dec.;sailed the James Cropper, for New
York ; off the port the Spartan, Carman, for New Orleans._...
The Crown, Pinder, from Calcutta, off this port, sailed from
the City, August 21, and from the , Sandbeads, Sept. 1. The
Indian, Shannon, from Liverpool, arrived at Calcutta, Aug. 18;
the Bengal, M'Leod, would sail from the Sandheads on the 2d
Sept. for this port ; .the Hope, for Madras and Lend"' sailed
in company with the Crown ; the Tiger would leave,Calcutta
about Aug. 30, for London ; the Larkins, for London, had put
back a second time to Calcutta leaky, and was discharging her
cargo to repair; the Crown left St. Ilelena on 10th November;
the barque Heighington, Wilson, and the Favourite, South-sea
whaler, sailed the same day for London ; the Christopher,
Scott; of this port,. for Falmouth, and the Hercules, for Lon-
don, would sail from the Island 10th November. .On the Ist,
instant, on the edge of the soundings, spoke the Julius Caw.
French, hence for Philadelphia, out nine days. The Crown
has been in the Channel 'since the Ist instant, and experienced
nothing but strong easterly winds during the whole time. A
great number of vessels, outward-bound, running down the
Channel. It is worthy of remark that the Crown has com- '
pleted her paesage in the short space of 10 months.,
BOSTON, DEC. 7.—:Arrived the ship Florida, Condy, 28
days from Liverpool ; 4th, ship Topaz, Callender, 30 days •
from Liverpool ; Chealsea, Stanwood, 33 days, via Gloucester,
from Liverpuol; brig Pilgrim, APFarland, 13 days from St.
John's, New, Brunswick ; and Atlantic, Blake, 24 days from
Point Petra, for Portland, went on shore at Grey Head in the
*emit-west gale, but had not bilged last evening.
DEC. 8.-7-Arrived the schooner General
La Fayette, Duni, 43 days from Alvarado, and 32 days from
Campeachy ; leftot Alvarado the brig Cato, Burns, and schooner
Exchange, Wilson, jest arrived. The brig Rio Packet, of
Guernsey, and an American brig, with ammunitions for the
Mexican Government, were lost on Arequada de Puera on the
18th October. On the east side of the bar the French brig,
Peter Charlea, was lost, part of the cargo saved in a da-
maged state. The Spanish equadson had appeared off the
Castle about the 18th of October last; but the Mexican
equatiron having placed themselves in their way, they hauled
of and stood to sea, and had not been lfrartl of since. The
Alexican Minister Esteve was at Alvarado when Capt. Duna
sailed. Captain Wilson, of the schooner Exchange, arrived off
the Bar of Alvarado the 14th Oct.; on the.lsth ayilot cameon
board, and said there was not water, and on the 16th that there
was not wind.

[PROM 'S.
DEAL, JAN. 17.—Wind L
S. LOYDW. fine] weather..-...Passed
through for the River, the Laurel, Riley, from Caen. Arrived
from the River and remain, the Marlborough, Middleton, for
Jamaica. Put back the Dispatch, Ritchie, for Lisbon. The
Berwickshire, for India, remains.
Pow/. smourn, *JAN. 17.—Wind Southerly—Arrived the
Maria, `Yoke, from Sunderland.
VALMOUTII, JAN. 16.—Wind S. to • S.S.E.—Sailed the
Duke of Kent Packet, for Lisbon,
LIrEIWOOL, Jas. !O.—Wind S.S.E.—Arrived the Corn.
merce, Dalrymple, anti Victory, Peabody, from Miramichil
Spartan, Carman, from New Orleans and Bermuda ; New
'r ork, Bennett, from New York, sailed the 16th of December ;
RichArd, Fletcher, froM Demerara • Pilot, from Peters.
burgh ; Mediterranean, from Bordeaux, and Tagus,
Kittle, front Lisbon. The Emma, M`Donahl, from Buenos
Ayres, is arrived at Crookhaven, sailed the of October in
company with the Martha for this port. The Fanny was to
suit stunt Mon e Vidto for this port the UM of October.

Off Dover the Greenwich, Thomson, from Japan.

EAST INDIA SHIPPINa.
The Crown, Pindar, arrived at Liverpool from Calcutta,
.aniled Aug. 21, and from the Smut Heads Sept.! ; the Benh►al,
Mc.Leod, was to lOW from the Sand Heads, for I.iverpool, 2,1
Sept. ;Abe Hope, fur Madras and London, sailed in company
with the Crown ; the Tiger was to sail from Calcutta for Lon.
don 30th Aug. ; the Larkins, for London, had pUt hack a
second time leaky, and was discharging; the 'lndian, Shannon,
arrived at Calcutta 10th Aug. ; the Asia, , Pope,. from India.
and the Eleanor (whaler), were at St. Helena; the Malvin►►,
Phillips, from London, and the Arethusa, HAT, from the
Cape, were at Penang ; the Lord Amherst, Lucas, from Bengal
'and Madras, was at the Cape.

TIII :LONDON .101ittNA1.8.
DAILY
Extracts film the Yorning
,Paper.vi Jun. 18 1826

LMOR N TN& POST.]
The Journal des Debedi justly remarks that
instead of Constantine having personally re.
lieved hi' subjects from the obligation of the oath
which they had taken to him, it was Nicholas
who ordered them not to obey his brother, but
to,obey himself. Constantine's name is not to
be inscribed on the list of Emperors. Though
proclaimed and recognised, he is to be swept
away from, the page of history, and the reign of
Xicholas, is to date from the day of Alexander's
death. 46 Then," says the same Paper, 64 Con-
stantine cannot have abdicated, for if he did
not: reign, he could not abdicate. If he did
not reign de facto for a moment, he still
reigns and will reign ail his life de jurc."-1
This is certainly a dilemma from which there is
no escape, save that which the sword and a park
of artillery are always sure to procure for those
who have, and who know how to employ them.
his remarked in these Papers as an extraordi•
nary circumstance, that the Russian Embassy in
Paris still adhered to Constantine, and that " his
name resounded on Saturday as Emperor in the
Chapel of the Russian Ambassador, in the midst
of sacred hymns, whilst those who Invoked it on
the banks or the Newt!, were pulverised by the
artillery of Nicholas." It would appear from
this that the Russian Ambassador himself did
not conceive that Nicholas was in full and secure
possession of the throne.

[NEW TIMES.)
We last night received, by Express, the Male
of Monday, with the other journals of the pre-
ceding day. They add little to our knowledge
of the faces respecting Russia, but that little is of
a favourable kind. It seems indisputable that
Constantine 'has made all the troops at Warsaw
swear allegiance to, the Emperor Nicholas. As
to the rumours circulated in Paris 'and London
that Nicholas has been assassinated, the EmpreaS
Elizabeth, the widow of Alexander, is pregnant,
add that a revolutionary party, hostile alike to
both the Imperial Brot hers, has shown itself in
St. Petershorgh, we dismiss them, as' resting on
Ito authority, and deserving of no credit. With
respect to 'the reasonings of those. French and
English journalists, whose object is to excite
alarm, the first remark that we have to make is,
that they betray their motive too clearly not to
put us on'our guard against their sophistry; and,
in the next place, they are clearly destitute of
any real information as to the facts on which they
ground their arguments. 46 In point of law,"
(says the Journal des Debuts), 44 a citizen cannot,
at his pleasure, lay down the magistracy with
which lee, is invested, nor can a Prince abdicate,
the crown which the legitimate Sovereign still
wears." We are not aware ofany.such principle
as the latter, nor can it: be deduced by analogy
from the former, the two cases being essentially
different. flow. many Princes,in the various trea.
ties of Europe, have not renounced thrones which
they or their descendants might otherwise have
been Called to occupy ? now many instances
of anch,renunciation has not the Rouse of Boar-
bon itself furnished? 44 The ancient institution
of hereditary succession," continues the Prenth
Journalist, 44 exists for the good of nations!"
Doubtless it doei ; and for the good of nations,
it is not a blind, undistingoishing principle., but
OHO Susceptible of adaptation to persons, and
events, and eireurn4atices. Nobody has ever
pretended that a Monarch on the throne could
not abdicate his SoVereignty, and it is quite a
gratuitous. assumption that a Prince HOU in sac-
cession cannot make a renunciation of his rights
in expectancy. True it is that such an act may
be open to the possibility of a subsequent alle-
gation that it was done nosier duress ; but If it
was not really so done, it is most assuredly valid.
Now Constantine not only does not pretend that
his renunciation in I W 22 was involnntary, but lie
repeats it, and insists on it with extreme earnest-
ungii 4t,preseut.

[stomata nEuAt.n.j.
There was, thionebout yesterdermorning, an
evident inclination for ti decline in ell the British
Fnitth679Consols, +0111611.1n the early pert of.. the'
daravtiterdoito.at fii*,.tietlined tb Bib and Ex-
chequer Bilic were donext a di/wawa of from
to 4s; The 13kri4) hoWever, not satisfied with
thia reduction in their favour, started a report of
the death of the new Emperor of Russia,
choiav, which was represented to have taken
place. in three separate' ways—first, he had been'
shot brthe troops ; secondly, that he had his
throateat by some of his confidants ; and thirdly,
that :.he had destroyed ' himself with 1119 own
It is Heedless to add, that the report ob-
tained 'but little belief ; nevertheless it tended to
damp-the'Market, and Consols -went down to.,
811 t, and after much struggling dosed at 841,
with 'Exchequer Bills and India Bonds at about
the Same prices as during the preceding part oil
the-ditY. That such rumours sis these should be
set'afitiat :it not to: be wandered ut, when it is
reeollecteiF that the Conte! Account' closes this
day(Wedttesday)„ The Account, hdwever, con,
tram to genttrul expectation, it is said, will turn
out to he a heady hull Account. There was a
general decilne the Foreign Seetiritles after
the reporteil death of the Russian Autocratiwei
propagated,; and at the close of the Market the.
Foreign Net:brides bore a very unfavourable, ap;`!
petranCe. 'The various Shares and -Schemes all
bora prices nominally tower ttn Monday, but
no'real bargaies were effected inlay of them.