The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 10, IM4.

extent. They think, moreover, that men pursuing a
common end must pursue that end by the same means.
A very short experience, however, of public affairs, and
more particularly in a complicated state of society,
undeceives them in one or more of these respects.
It is always, however, easier to self-love to
conclude that others arc false and treacherous
than that we have duped ourselves ; hence the
middle period of the lives of men occupied in ob-
serving public affairs is usually clouded by the de-
lusion that all men are hypocrites or " humbugs."
Age and experience offer another lesson to candid
minds—and it is both gratifyiag and profitable
to know that the testimonies of aged public men
are nearly unanimous in favour of the general
honesty of our species—they teach that if in early
youth we form too favourable an opinion of man-
kind (which is not always the case), at a later period
we are disposed by disappointment of our hopes
of them, sometimes from others, to judge much too
harshly; but it is only when men can judge with
temper and fairness that their judgment is worth '
anything. When, therefore, Mr. Ferrand,
the guiltless head with random censure
strikes," we appeal from himself to him-
self—wiser by a few of those many years
which we hope he will be spared to his country.
Meanwhile we warn him against the flattery of
those who have flattered, insulted, and betrayed
almost every party and every public man in the
country panders to all spiteful feelings —on
whatever side to be indulged—who have, indeed,
an interest in denouncing as " humbugs " all
who are not prepared to imitate the profligate im-
pudence of their own habitual tergiversation. The
flattery of such is a contamination which prudent
men will shun as they would the plague. This,
however, brings us to another subject. If there
is in England one public man above
the suspicion of hypocrisy, that man is,
assuredly, Lord Ashley—his refusal of office when
pressed upon him—his obscure labours for the bene-
fit of the forgotten and neglected—obscure until
his genius and energy dragged into day the
sufferings of the mine and the mill. These
surely prove Lord Ashley sicere if ever man was
sincere, yet Lord Ashley has not escaped calumny in
that quarter in which Mr. Ferrand's proposition that
" England has become a nation of humbugs,"is received
with applause ; probably in some degree, because
the conduct of Lord Ashley and of those who
firmly support him, presents a standing rebuke
to the slander that would charge all Englishmen
with hypocrisy ; but, in part, also, from a recollection
of the Noble Lord's:opposition to the Oxford Trac-
tarians some years ago, when his Lordship's calum-
niator was the organ of that party. So tenaciously
do ill habits and ill dispositions adhere, that Lord
Ashley continues to be insulted by the late Trac-
tarian organ, even after the Tractarians have been
deserted and reviled by his Lordship's insulter.

FRENCH ACADEMY OF SCIENCE.
DEC. 2.—A letter was read from M. Peltier, giving
an account of a whirlwind and storm at Chatenay, in
1839, which, like that which took place recently at
Cette, he attributes to electricity.—MM. Lemasson
and Dupre informed the Academy that they had
made a discovery of the means of disinfecting and
preserving meat and other elementary substances by
the oxide of carbon.—A letter was received from the
Mayor of Gerberoy, stating that in that town a suc-
cessful experiment has been made of the hydraulic
system of M. Amedee Durand. Gerberoy is situated
on a height, and having no water but what was sup-
plied b.,a, a.well 65 metres deep, the inhabitants were
frequentlY without this indispensable fluid. M. Du-
rand's machine, which appears to be set in motion by
a windmill, collects the water from storms or long-
continued rainee,. and, by means of a reservoir, the town
is now abund,antcy.supplied.—A curious paper, con-
taining an ticeount of some experiments on de-
capitated persons, was received from M. Bonna-
font, surgeon-major of the army. M. Bonnafont's
communication appears to have been caused by
the discussion which has arisen out of the failure
in a recent cue in the action of the guillotine,
which fell twice before the fatal blow was inflicted
upon the criminal. The adversaries of the guillotine
had laid hold of this fact to renew their objections to
this mode of inflicting death, and had also mentioned
several experiments on men and animals to prove that
sensation is not immediately destroyed by decapita-
tion. Amongst the authorities quoted was Dr. Sue,
the father of the celebrated writer, who has stated
that he had seen a turkey, when its head was cut off,
rise, walk for some seconds, and endeavour to raise
its leg towards the wound of the neck. The autho-
rity of Dr. Sue is too respectable to be doubted, but,
even allowing the fact to be correct to the full extent
stated, we may be permitted to say that it does not
prove the existence of sensation after decapitation in
the only sense in which it ought to create horror in
those who witness it. If, by sensation here, we are to
understand consciousness and pain, the punishment of
the guillotine is not the most merciful one as a means
of death that could be devised ; strangulation would he
in every respect preferable, for although it does not
appear to be so prompt, muscular action being kept
up fur a longer period than by decapitation, it is well
known, upon the authority of persons who have re-
covered from apparent death by hanging, that the sen-
sation is not one of pain. Are we, however, to sup-
pose that, when the connection between the brain
and the nervous system throughout the body is
severed, pain is really felt ? The action of the turkey
after decapitation can be understood, for the impulse
was communicated by the brain, whilst the act of de-
capitation was taking place, and being transmitted to
the nerves of the muscular structure, would produce
the result stated so long as the nervous fluid which
constitutes the springs of life retained its force ; but,
before the action of the body could take place, sensa-
tion in the brain must be destroyed, and the brain
being really the seat of the consciousness and expres-
sion of pain, if that be dead to suffering, the action of
the nervous aad muscular systems in the body should
inspire no horror on the spectator, being simply an
effect where the cause has ceased to exist. We
have indeed read within the last few years two
or three accounts of the apparent consciousness
of the brain in the heads of decapitated criminals,
and we confess that they were of a nature to ex-
cite painful sensations in the minds of such of the
spectators as imagined that consciousness really
existed ; but was this really the case ? The experi-
ments of M. Bonnafont seems to us to show that it
was not. M. Bonnafont states that, being at Algiers
in 1832, he read in a journal that a surgeon named
Wilson had affirmed, as the result of his experiments,
that, in the head of a decapitated person, the sense of
hearing retained its power for a minute and a half.
Wishing to put this assertion to the test, M. Bonna-
font took advantage of two executions to try the ex-
periment. We quote his own words :—" Assisted by
the late Sub-Intendant de Falloy, who was desirous
of taking part in theeexperiment, I had a stool placed
near the instrument of death, and upon it a vessel
filled with pounded plaister. Immediately after the
first execution,' which was performed with remark-
able celerity, the executioner took the head and placed
the bleeding part upon the plaister, so as to prevent
the further flowing of blood. I then placed my mouth
to the ear of the decapitated Arab, and called him by
name, whilst M. de Falloy watched the eyes. In vain
did I shout for a minute and a half; neither the eyes
nor any of the features showed that the hearing
retained the slightest degree of sensibility. The
same experiment was repeated at the second
execution with a speaking-trumpet, and with
the same result." M. Bonnafont concludes by
stating that, after the complete separation of the head
from the body, there must be, if no instant death, so
great a syncope, that death arrives without any of the
senses retaining the slightest degree of force.—A
f,per was received from M. Amador, Professor of the
aculty of Medicine of Montpellier, the object of
which is to show, as far as we could comprehend it,
that the popular belief of blood being the seat and
vehicle of life is not so erroneous as the scientific world
believes. M. Amador's paper is written in a bril-
liant and captivating style, but, having speculation
only for its basis, it cannot, of course, carry convic-
tion to reflecting minds. The seat of life may be in
the blood, or in the nervous fluid, or in any other of
the important agents of consciousness and motion ; but
it is no more permitted to man to know with certainty
where life is really seated, than to fathom the impene-
trable mystery of the first cause of life. There are
some things which the knowledge of man can never
reach, inasmuch as they are placed beyond the limits
of his faculties. As well could the lower animals
attain the reason of man, as man's reason can go be-
yond the bounds traced by the Creator. All
inquiries within these bounds aro laudable, for
they may have a useful end ; but it is almost
sinful to attempt to go beyond them, for in
doing so we give room to doubt and disbelief of that
which we are really permitted to know.—A paper
"On the general influence of the secretions on the
animal economy," by M. Martini, was then read.
M. Martini begins by observing that too little ac-
count is taken by physicians of the action exercised
by the secreted and excreted fluids. "It is," says he,
" to the blood and the vascular system that func-
tional derangements are attributed, because in nearly
the whole of them there is an acceleration of the cir
culation. Nobody has thought of doubting the per-
nicious influence of the urine, because that liquid is
an excremental matter containing deleterious prin-
ciples; but the same property is denied to the gastric
and intestinal juices, to the lachrymal discharge, and
to the fluids secreted by the lungs, which are not, it
is true, excremental fluids, but which, nevertheless,
perform organic functions in the interior of the body."
is
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atf htt
ha tiviteh.
secretionssiutnopttphaoles
supposes
sne;ddi
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Martini
t
we could have vi sltileds, ,I to tanishreate, that the author
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ilr3:'ld°rie°.
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facts, and some of these he ought to have adduced, tin
order to give force to his theory; but he seems to
have thought it quite sufficient to state his theory
and claim belief in it, without offering any evidence
that it is correct. The theory is indeed plausible, and
it will probably be tested by practical men. In the
course of his paper M. Martini states that even extra-
vasted blood never exercises a deleterious action on
the organs with which it comes in contact, whereas,
according to him, the case is otherwise with the se-
creted liquids. This is an assertion which ought not
to have been left to stand alone. M. Martini certainly
ought to have shown by a few facts that the assertion
was true. He states indeed, and this we can readily
believe, that tears, which are apparently a harmless
liquid, become a most formidable enemy to the eye if
they remain a long time upon the surface. But is this
a new theory ? Is it not the practice of all surgeons to
prevent the accumulation of secretions of every kind,
from their experience of the injurious effect which
they may in that state exercise on the animal economy ?

rented, and at the suggestion of the Judge, the pri-
soner was acquitted of the capital offence, and having
pleaded Guilty to a misdemeanour, he was sentenced
to two years' imprisonment.
Joseph Forster, 19, who was charged with an un-
natural crime, was Acquitted.

BURGLARY.— Charles Ashton, 27, and John Batty,
21, were charged with a burglary, in the house
of Peter Garside, at Hyde, on the 7th of September
last. The prisoner had taken advantage of the ab-
sence of the family on the night in question, broken
into the house, and had carried away two loaves, a
blanket, and two live rabbits, which property was
found in the house of Ashton shortly after, the other
prisoner lodging with Ashton.
The jury found both Guilty, and there being three
other cases against Ashton, he was sentenced to be
transported for life, and Batty was sentenced to ten
years' transportation. The Court then adjourned.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
GUILDHALL.

Robert Clifford, a journeyman carpenter, was
brought before Mr. Alderman Johnson, charged with
breaking a policeman's arm.
Sergeant White, 201 of the City police, stated that
the prisoner was brought in about two o'clock on
Sunday morning, by a policeman named Samuel
Coveney, and charged with assaulting him. The
constable stated that he was on duty at the corner of
St. Martin's-le-Grand and Newgate-street, and that
the prisouer came up to him, and asked him which
was Newgate-street. The constable told him that
was Newgate-street. The prisoner said it was a -
lie, and gave him what is called the " leg," or
wrestler's trip. The constable fell, and his arm was
so broken that the elbow was forced upwards half-
way to the shoulder. He sent the man to the hospital
immediately.
Mr. Alderman JOHNSON inquired if any further
provocation was stated to have been given than he had
already mentioned ? The Alderman asked if the
policeman was sober ? Witness replied Quite so.
The ALDERMAN asked if the prisoner was also sober?
The sergeant said he had been drinking, but knew
very well what he was about.
Mr. Alderman JOHNSON inquired whether the con-
stable's statement was made in the prisoner's presence?
The sergeant said it was.
The certificate of Mr. Reed, the house surgeon at
St. Bartholomew's, stated that Samuel Coveney was
admitted with a fracture of the bone of the left arm,
and the injury was so serious that it was necessary to
make him an in-patient.
The prisoner, in answer to the charge, said he was
extremely sorry. He was not sober at the time.
The ALDERMAN remanded him till Saturday, in the
hope that the injured man may then be able to attend
and give evidence.
henry Tub well, a sailor, who is spending a small
legacy, was charged with being drunk in Farring-
don-street, on Saturday evening. He was rather
noisy, but almost helpless, and he was carried to the
station on a board.

Mr. Alderman JOHNSON recognised the prisoner as
having been in custody two or three times, and said
he ought to be sent to Bethlehem, to be taken care of
for a little time. He had better give his money to
some charity than squander it in such a way.
The prisoner said charity should begin at home.
He should not do right if he gave the money away.
A friend apologised for the prisoner. He had been
drinking, because it was his birth-day; and he had
hurt his head by a fall, at Calcutta.
Mr. Alderman JOHNSON said he must teach him
discretion. He must fine him 40s.

Then I shall not pay it, replied Tugwell—nothing
above a pound.
Then I commit you for a month, rejoined the Ma-
gistrate, unless you sooner pay the 40s.
The prisoner, who had 171. in his possession, re-
fused to pay the fine, and was committed.

said he had committed something very wicked, and
on Harrild inquiring the nature of his transgression,
he said he had stolen his master's horse, and sold it
in Smithfield for 1/. 195., which he had since spent.
The prisoner, who appeared labouring under much
agitation and grief, said he was a guilty man, and
that he was driven by want and a series of misfor-
tunes to commit the felony. His father had recently
died, and his business was ruined. His wife and
children fell ill, and he could not obtain work until
Mr. Ladd employed him, and gave him a bit of
victuals, but no money to purchase bread for his chil-
dren. He was guilty, but his character was good,
and witnesses were in attendance to speak in his be-
half.—Remanded.

ALARMING FIRE IN GLASGOW.
On Friday morning, about four o'clock, a fire broke
out in the Gallowgate, to the rear of a thatch house
adjoining Dovehill. The flames, issuing from a byre
and stable, speedily communicated with the front
building, and, in a few moments, the entire premises
were enveloped in flames—the inmates of the gar-
rets barely escaping with their lives. A cow, in
the byre, was burned to a cinder, and the poor
people in the whole of the upper part of the
tenement—numbering four families —had nearly
every article more or less destroyed. One of the
ejected is an old man, about ninety years of age. Mr.
Robertson and the fire brigade happily prevented the
fire from communicating to the other buildings, be-
sides saving the under flats of the front house. About
eight o'clock the same morning, an alarm of fire arose
concerning a shop /situated in Argyle-street, near
Mitchell-street, but it was extinguished without the
assistance of the engines.—Scotch Reformer's Gazette.

ALARMING AND DESTRUCTIVE
FIRE.

(From a Correspondent of the Limerick Reporter.)
KILRUSII, DEC. 4.—On Monday night, between
the hours of eight and nine o'clock, an alarming fire,
which threatened the most disastrous results, broke
out in the:premises of Mr. P. M‘Mahon, of this town,
woollendraper, supposed to have originated in the snuff
of a candle causing some papers to ignite in the shop.
The proprietor, who had retired to his family after
the business of the day, alarmed by loud knocking at
the door, and the cry of " Fire" from the street, where
it was first perceived by a young gentleman passing
by, attempted to effect an entrance to the scene of
conflagration by a door leading from the parlour to
the shop, but was unable to do so, his beautiful stock
being enveloped in flames.
The front door was then broken open, and such
was the violence of the devouring element, that many
supposed it could not possibly be got under ; how-
ever, much to the credit of those present, no effort
which, under the circumstances, could be resorted to,
was spared by any one, and after much vigorous
exertion it was completely reduced, not though, I
regret much to add, until upwards of 7001. of unin-
sured property was destroyed.
It is to be hoped the inhabitants, who have so much
property at stake, will no longer defer taking proper
steps for being better provided against such contin-
gencies than at present. Had this fire broken out a
few hours later, the consequences would have been
frightful, there being neither watchman nor fire en-
gine in the town, nor even water, the very pumps,
even the river, being inaccessible, padlocks guarding
the former, stone walls the latter—what was used on
the occasion having been got out of the different
houses throughout the neighhourhood.
Those most interested would do well to convene
their fellow-townsmen and take into their most serious
consideration the necessity of not leaving an entire
town in such an unprovided state.

LOVESUIT TRAGEDY.
(From the Preston Guardian.)
On last Sunday evening a very melancholy and
unfortunate fatal accident occurred to a young
woman, belonging to this town, under circumstances so
peculiar and afflicting as to have created quite a sen-
sation among all persons. The scene of the tragedy
was at the canal, almost immediately beneath the
Maudland-bridge. The young woman was the
daughter of James Brown, a labouring man, residing
in Bolton-street, and had been brought up at one of
the factories in town. She was scarcely eighteen
years of age. During the last few months her com-
pany and affections were courted by a factory lad,
named Richard Talbot, and the .most unblemished
terms of intercourse and attachment existed between
them. Talbot resides in a lodging-house kept by
Mrs. Rigby, of No. 9, Mount Pleasant ; and on the
Sunday evenings the two young persons were in the
habit of meeting together in that house, and she was
escorted home afterwards by her lover. Last Sunday
evening they met at Mrs. Rigby's as usual, where
they remained together about two hours, or until
eight o'clock, and during this time the best terms of
attachment and affection were manifested. After ex-
changing some frolicsome words, the young persons
left the house on their way to Bolton-street, the re-
sidence of her father. The most secluded way to the
young woman's home from Mount Pleasant is along
the towing-path of the canal. The night was un-
usually dark, so much so that people could scarcely
discern one another. In consequence of wet weather
many parts of the towing-path are very dirty and
slippery ; and in proceeding along it the young
woman, to evade these muddy places, occasionally
walked upon the narrow ledge of stone at the edge
of the water. Talbot went along on the opposite
side of the towing-path. When they were a few
yards beyond the bridge he heard a plunge—
her foot had slipped on the stones, and she was strug-
gling in the water. Talbot's presence of mind seemed
to have fled from him instantaneously, as he merely
stood gazing upon the catastrophe, and crying for as-
sistance. The first person who reached the spot was
a weaver named Sumner, who had been alarmed by
the cry of " Help!" Talbot was at this time in the
greatest agony, and, after a short consultation with
Sumner, who also declined going into the water, he
ran off to acquaint her parents with the circumstance,
and bring other people to assist in rescuing her.
After the lapse of some minutes, a number of
people arrived, but a striking indifference or cow-
ardice seemed to prevail. Sumner declared he saw
the body of the female in the canal ; and another
weaver, named Walsh (who might, in some mea-
sure, be excused on account of his advanced
years), acknowledges that he stayed on the bridge
asking questions until a light was procured ; and
even the father of the young woman, when he arrived,
lost his self-resolution, and merely commenced
accusing Talbot of being the cause of his daughter's
death. One attempt was made by an individual to
rescue her by wading in the canal, but this failed ;
and at last, after the lapse of about three-quarters of
an hour, grappling irons were procured, two police
officers having reached the place, and the body was
taken out. And so, the girl was suffered to drown in
about six feet of water ! Talbot was immediately
apprehended by one of the officers on account of the
accusation of the father of the deceased. It was
found, on the body being taken home, that life was
totally extinct. A medical gentleman was sent for
and means were taken to restore life, but to no
effect.
Next day, various calumnious rumours were cir-
culated by idle people respecting the conduct of
Talbot, and it was also noised abroad that the unfor-
tunate girl was pregnant. All these turned out to
be totally unfounded. The deceased was a young
woman of excellent character, and belonged to the
Roman Catholic communion; and Talbot is a very
harmless and inoffensive lad, and bears a good cha-
racter also. In the course of the day, the street op-
posite the Town-hall was crowded by people anxious
to know the result of an examination of Talbot. To-
wards evening, in consequence of an inquisition upon
deceased
,
tnhaet
speedily
y deoc
singulareu2e anrBs
doors
28th
hod t
woman
filledot
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anonnecg place,
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October,
odlbnsre Town-hall
being
th r in -
ea,
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same eeel at
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place
e drownedthat brother
1838. He was
only six years of age, and had accidentally over-
balanced himself. It is believed that this accident oc-
curred at precisely the same spot, by those who can
recollect the circumstance.
R. Palmer, Esq., our respected coroner, held the
inquest on the body, at the Town-hall, at four
o'clock in the afternoon. The jury having been
sworn, they proceeded to view the body at the house,
and, after hearing the evidence, returned a verdict of
"Accidentally drowned."
The remains of the young woman were quietly and
decently interred in the burying-ground belonging to
St. Wilfrid's Church, on Tuesday. A number of
people, principally acquaintances and relatives of the
deceased, were present on the occasion. Her lament-
ing suitor formed one of the mourners.

SOUTHAMPTON, DEC. 9. —The Peninsular land
Oriental Company's steamer Royal Tar, Captain R.
Gasson, arrived this morning at nine o'clock from Gib-
raltar, Cadiz, Lisbon, Oporto, and Vigo, bringing all
the mails. Her dates of departure are as follows
From Gibraltar Nov. 30, Cadiz Dec. 1, Lisbon, Doe. 5,
and Vigo Dec. 5. Ships of war lying at Gibraltar—Her
Majesty's sloop Scout and her Majesty's steamer Flamer.
Ship of war lying at Lisbon—Her Majesty's ship Albion.
Vessel passed of—Nov. 30, off Cape Trafalgar, the
steam-ship Tagus. Specie en board-15 bags. List of
passengers—Mr. Willis, two Misses Cathcarts, Alfred
Webster, Robert Graham, Mr. Eaveler, Baron Fulgaser,
T. F. Rebello, T. M. Silverer, Mons. Towgarvy, Wm.
Tomkins, Wm. Green, General Martin.
Tun WEATHEN.—A decided change has taken place
in the weather since Tuesday last. Previous to that we
had a succession of fine mild days, but on Wednesday a
keen frost set in, which still continues with unabated
severity. The thermometer has been ranging from 25
to 30 degrees. The hills and fields are covered with
hoar frost as with a mantle of snow, and all the shallow
brooks and ponds are, of course, completely frozen over.
It is almost needless to say that in such weather the
condition of the ill-fed and poorly clad portion of our
population cannot be otherwise than rniserable.—,Scots-
man of Saturday.

SIR R. PEEL AND HIS FRIENDS.

The following is an extract from Mr. Ferrand's
speech, made a few days since to his constituents at
Knaresborough. No Whig was ever so violent
against a Tory, as the Tory Ferrand is agaire,t Peel
and Graham. Our readers, however, will see that
Mr. Ferrand occasionally draws a long bow :
"It is now my duty to give you a slight sketch of
the proceedings of the present Government dur-
ing the three years in which they have held
ofice. They commenced by passing an income-
tax kin time of peace, which tax was to last
for three years. I, for one, at that time, and under
the pledge from Sir Robert Peel that it should only
last for three years—under the peculiar circumstances
and the dangerous state of the financial affairs of the
country, gave his proposition my hearty support.
After they had obtained sufficient ballast to right the
vessel of state by the aid of this tax, Sir R. Peel
proceeded to bring forward his great measures which
were to restore the nation once more to prosperity.
He first of all brought forward his new corn-law,
and in so doing he made speeches by the hour, in
which he quoted figures and made calculations
to convince the tagricultural interest in the
Commons that his new sliding-scale would
give a protection to agriculture to the ex-
tent of keeping wheat at the average price of 58s.
per quarter. When I appeared before you at the last
general election, I told you that I would not pledge
my support to the then existing corn-law, but that if
any measure were brought forward by Sir R. Peel
which would give more satisfaction to the country,
and at the same time secure that protection to the
agricultural interest which they had a right to de-
mand, I would give that measure my support. Sir
R. Peel, having declared in the most solemn manner
that his corn-law would give that protection, I con-
sidered he had a right to require my support, and I
therefore voted for it.—(Hear.) But he had scarcely
got rid of his corn-law, when he introduced into the
House what he called his tariff—a measure, in my
opinion, which could only have been brought forward
by either a lunatic or a traitor.—(Laughter.) What
was the next mad step of which they have been
guilty ? They have legalised the exportation of '
machinery. England, which possessed the best
and the most perfect machinery in the world,
has in this, the hour of peril, given it to foreigners
for the purpose of destroying us.—(Loud cheers.)
Their next step was to enforce the new poor-law with
greater tyranny, oppression, and cold-blooded cruelty
than ever the Whigs were guilty of. In their reign
of office, the daily papers were never filled with
such details of cruelty and oppression of the poor as
is daily the case now. No; although they carried
the measure, and attempted to enforce it, they did it
with justice tempered with mercy in comparison with
the rule of the present Government.—(Cheers.) I
have told you, gentlemen, how the Government
robbed the factory-workers of the Ten Hours' Bill,
after a majority of the House of Commons had voted
for it. Sir R. Peel is the most unconstitutional
Minister that ever held the reins of Government in
England.—(Cheers.) Twice in one year has: he
made the House of Commons eat its own solemnly
recorded opinions ; twice in one session, at his
bidding, have the representatives of the people
forsaken their duty to their constituents and the
country. It rests with the constituencies of Eng-
land to drag these men to the bar of public
opinion, to make them appear before them—to drag
them into their presence, and make them prove the
rectitude of their conduct; or, if they prove the de-
linquency, to compel them to resign their seats.—
(Loud applause.) Had I been guilty of such con-
duct I never would have shown my face here again ;
had I been the base tool of a degraded Minister, who
held the reins of Government, I should not have been
before you this day. But, gentlemen, believe me
when I tell you that I would sooner have forfeited
my head than have thus sold the rights of my country-
men.—(Great cheering.) From the hour that the
House of Commons thus degraded itself, it lost its
hold of public opinion—it lost its dignity amongst the
nations of the earth.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.)
Gentlemen, Sir R. Peel, when out of office, promised
to the colonies to continue that protection which they
had in justice received. But what has been his conduct
with regard to the West India colonies ? He has
withdrawn the protection of Government from them,
and by doing so has encouraged the production of
slave-grown sugar. England paid 20,000,000/. for
the emancipation of the slaves; Sir R. Peel has
now, by carrying out his free trade measures, once
more given encouragement to the slaveowners of
sugar-producing countries. (Hear, hear.) But
what has been his conduct to the agricultural inte-
rest ? When he brought forward his Corn-law Bill
he gave the House of Commons to understand that it
was to be a final measure ; not one word was then
whispered of the Canada Corn Bill, although the
Government had at that moment determined, after
having clinched the agricultural interest under the
Corn-law Bill, to cram the second measure down
their throats. Lord Stanley brought forward the
measure, and his speech contained such a tissue of
misstatements as were scarcely ever made by a Mi-
nister of the Crown in one speech. I need not give
the statistical accounts of the results of his Canada
Corn Bill ; suffice it, that these two measures have
chiefly aided in producing the following results :
Yesterday, in Knaresborough market wheat sold at
405. per quarter, the weight being 36 stone 41b., or 18
stone 21b. to the sack. That is the result of Sir Ro-
bert Peel's protection to agriculture ! I say, gentle-
men, they have sacrificed the British farmer for one
year of reckless competition in trade ; for what do we
find in Bradford ? Why, that there are no fewer than
10,000 power-looms standing idle, which a month ago
were in full work ; many mills have commenced run-
ning four days a-week, and others are not fully ems
ployed ; hundreds of combers are either out of
employment altogether, or have only half work,
the unmarried men being sent without work,
whilst those who are married have work given
them according to the extent of their family;
and these poor men can earn no more than
ss. or 6s. a-week. This is the melancholy pro-
spect which is staring them in the face for the ensu-
ing winter, and this is the certain result which will
continue to follow Sir Robert Peel's mad career of
legislation. But more fatal still will be its conse-
quences, and as sure as I have the honour of address-
ing you to-day we may look forward with dismay as
to the future events which will happen to our country.
—(Hear, hear.) But, gentlemen, reverting to Ire-
land, what has been Sir Robert Peel's policy ? He
has allowed Mr. O'Connell to gather vast assemblages
in public meetings; he allowed him to parade the is-
land from one end to another like a triumphant con-
queror, setting the laws of the land and the Govern-
mentj of the country at defiance.—(Cries of ` No,'
from the Roman Catholic priest.) He did this ; and
O'Connell was allowed to go on until he was on the
point of attending the last public meeting which he had
convened, when the Government, at the eleventh hour,
interfered ; the prosecution of O'Connell followed ;
he was convicted of conspiring against the Govern-
ment; and what was the treatment which he did re-
ceive compared with what he ought to have received ?
The laws of our country know no distinction between
the peasant and the peer in cases of violation of those
laws. But how was O'Connell treated ? He was sent
to what is called a prison, where he lived at his ease in
the style of a country gentleman, holding daily levees,
his whole time being spent in feasting instead of fast-
ing.—(Laughter and cheers.) Instead of having prison
fare dealt out to him, as he ought to have had, he was
treated in such a manner as convicted conspirator
never was before. He happens to be the head of a
strong party, and has numerous friends in the
House of Commons, and the Conservative Govern-
ment quailed before him and them, and failed to do
their duty. But how was Mr. O'Connor treated in
York Castle ?—(Hear, and cheers.) Was he 'a
worse convicted conspirator than O'Connell ? No. He
never attempted to set the laws at defiance to the extent
of a one hundredth part so far as O'Connell had done ;
and was any mercy shown to him ? No. He had
the cell of a conspirator ; he went through all the
prison hardships and fare, and it was a disgrace to the
Conservative Government thus to deal with a man
who had been convicted as O'Connell had been. Until
O'Connor and O'Connell are punished alike, let us
not talk about equal justice. Now, then, gentlemen,
in closing my address, I will just allude to your pro-
spects ; and I do not hesitate to tell you it is my firm
conviction that there is nothing but ruin for the pre-
sent race of British farmers.—(A Voice, Landlords,
you mean.' Mr. Ferrand, If you will stop, I will
tell you all about the landlords.') If the farmers will
take my advice they will well weigh the prospects
which are before them; they will meet their land-
lords, and tell them that up to the last dissolu-
tion of Parliament they had sailed with them in the
same boat, that the farmers had stood their true
friends, and had returned them a majority to the
House of Commons ; but that when they had got
there they had sold their interests, and now, being
brought to the brink of ruin, they called on the land-
lords, as their professed friends, to prove the sincerity
of their pledge ; for as sure, gentlemen, as we stand
here to-day, the present race of farmers will be
ruined, and one-half the land in England will in ten
years change hands, unless Sir Robert Peel is driven
from office, and that protection to agriculture is re-
stored which it has ever received since England be-
came a mighty nation.—(Hear, and cheers.) I am
glad to find that Sir Robert Peel has a slight
p irticle of conscience left. During the last autumn
lie attended the Tamworth agricultural dinner,
of which society he is the president; he certainly
hung his ears and looked foolish. He could not
tell what to say, under the peculiar circumstances
and difficulties in which he was placed, but
having mumbled out a ` higgling and haggling' ,
speech of ten minutes, he gave the farmers
a consolation, and showed his desire to support agri-
culture
by promising to keep for them a bull.—
(Laughter.) This year Sir Robert Peel did not dare

,to meet the Tamworth Society, and the consequence
has 'een that there has been no dinner, and there Will
be no dinner. What is the excuse ? `The ball 8,
Tamworth is out of repair'—and so is the agricultursi
interest.—(Laughter.) But let me call your attec*
tion to a speech made by Lord Stanley, who, the
other day, was made Baron Stanley, and is now 132
longer dependent on the votes of the farmers of lier;
Lancashire for the post of the representative of Wee,
county. How did he treat and allude to his former
friends ? He told them they must put their shot'''
ders to the wheel ; that it was not the old farmers:
but the young ones, who were now most concerned+
and that they must study chemistry, commence
draining, and learn to grow wheat instead of weeeo
Thi3 is the language of the man to those wu
placed him in power. It is a gross injustice'
But, gentlemen, what is the intention of Governmo°
towards yourselves in the ensuing session of Perlis'
ment ? Sir J. Graham has determined on deprivings
you of the Gilbert Unions. He is going to piss
Bill to break up all the Gilbert Unions in the count',
His slaves, the majority of the House of Comm°4l
will follow his beck and nod, and you are to be hand
over to the tender mercies of the Poor-law Commis.
sioners.—(A Voice, ' He's a bad 'un.') Ah! 10°,0
but you knew the cruelties inflicted on the poor in the
south of England, where the population are scattered 'I;
and wide, you would then indeed tremble for that %Nei..
is awaiting you. And I would appeal to t!':
wealthy, to those who hold high stations ;I
this neighbourhood, to consider well what of
be the result of the handing over the pow. „°0
this neighbourhood to the commissioners. I hay° r,
hesitation in asserting that the Poor-law Commis'
sioners of Somerset-house have dared to carry out tb:
principle in England that killing the poor is liof
murder.—(Hear.) This is proved in the reptilrtsAe
the coroners' inquests which appear daily 10 rto
newspapers, which show that the poor are starven,he
death by the officers 'of the unions acting under
orders of the Poor-law Commissioners. In vain rs,
these revolting accounts published ; the Commis
sioners, with hearts as hard as steel, enforce the..
..
tyrannical and blood-stained law, by still daring r;
trample under foot the sacred principle of our Bibs
and the laws of God in a Christian country. Ithel
my duty now, as one of your representatives-0 tgb
representative of the Protestants of Knaresbornu a
—to tell you that it is my firm conviction thet_,T,
Sir Robert Peel betrayed the Protestant Churl
in 1829, so he is going to betry the Protest,
Church of Ireland in 1845. He keeps secret his, 1
tentions ; but I say unto you, watch, for I can I 0
no confidence in a man who obtained office ,11
fraud, and who dares to trample under foot the
interests of his country.—(Hear, hear.) He NO° tbi
willingly sacrificed the rights, the liberties, An,je,
lives of the poor, by sanctioning the new peor''''l4.
will not hesitate, if you keep him in office, to sgeof
five the religion which he professes. And I Ilia% (I
full well that there is not a Protestant in Eng 7, a
but believes he is stealthily but furtively ainirn,e'd.
deadly blow at the Protestant religion of Irelbet
But it rests with the Protestants of England whe'„ i
they will forsake their Irish brethren in the bon the
need. I have now, gentlemen, touched upon wee,
topics which, as your representative, I have ertig
dered it my duty to do. I have extenuated netu.rii.vg
and set down naught in malice, but honestly belt 4,0
every word to be true which I have uttered, .1"
done so to the best of my ability."—(Hear.)
f til
FOREIGN SPIRITS IN BOND.—The Lords e rie,
Treasury having had under consideration a tuerner
praying that the duty may be remitted on the cic-„"os:
cies which have taken place in several casks of ye"o-01
warehoused at Brewer's Quay, the warehouses cannery
with which being of extra security only, and nor I:re
cially approved, as in the case with the bondedll ty
houses at the Dock, their Lordships have authoris_ % re
Commissioners of the Customs, in the present 00' "i 314
mit the duties on the deficiencies of Geneva, Pr3frotil
their officers are satisfied that the same have arisen in,
natural causes, and that no abstraction or improper of
terference has taken place, and in all similar cases, a e 0
commended by their report on the subject. This ordered,
been communicated to the officers of the several deptr
ments in London, and to the collectors and c°teer
trollers at the different outports of the kingdom for 5 or
information, with directions to govern themselfeapee
corclingly. With reference to the regulations in re''erel
to deficiencies in brandy, contained in the Kee 00
minute of November, 1843, viz., to make an alla e"O5
on account of deficiencies in excess of the legal (10°00er
beyond the allowances regulated by the Treasuryf oe)
of January, 1839, according as the circumstances °f
case might appear to justify, without special aPP hoes
, being made to the Board from the outports, 10, „to'
cases in which the deficiency in excess, if the legalleisi
City shall not exceed three gallons per cask, ebse 01
that they first satisfy themselves that the deficiency n t
arisen from natural causes, and that no abstractiluee
improper interference has taken place ; and that a wre., 1;0
application is to be made to the officers by the par'
eaeh instance. .11 of
WILL OF THE EARL OF KlNTORE.—Thecortil
' Anthony Earl of Kintore, late of Keith flab, ".bi
Britain, has just been proved in Doctors' Conial°—ior.
John Blackie, Esq., one of the executors, power of Po+
, ing hereafter being reserved for the other e%ecajetto,
The will in a very few words directs that his here
household furniture, carriages, horses, &c. &c., 130 off
for sale to his eldest son, and in case he declise. ;e 01
chasing them, divided, with the whole of bie
amongst his family. The will is extremely sh°,,r,- 0
3011;
the amount of property under it which is proved o'ciieve
don is only 3001. (a mere nominal sum), for the PI boil
obtaining an investment of that amount. The "eole°
ever, when proved in Scotland, will include the w"
his estates there, which are very large. e"
To THE LADIES.—The high and universe—Deli
brity which ROWLAND'S'''RALTDOR continues t° off
I
taro, as an active yet mild and soothing extirpator jac!
impurities of the skin, is, during the present pert 00104
pleasingly evinced. This preparation eminent'`baed for
restorative, and invigorating, is equally c,elelerat..poe
safety in application, as for unfailing efficacy irL jiiee,
ing all impurities and discolorations ; and ieuPsets 001
healthy freshness to the skin and complexion. ."70,eilro
versally great demand excites the cupidity 0,,..f ,(06‘,.
cipled Shopkeepers, who give the title of ' "7-00_71
KALYDOR to some compounds of their own neantleieere
of the most deleterious character, containing '',d, bi
astringents utterly ruinous to the complexion,. 8-0,4,
their repellant action endangering health. It 15' 7.0
fore, imperative on purchasers to see that tnilaa otset
" ROWLAND'S KALYDOR" are on the wrapper. J"'
are FRAUDULENT COUNTERFEITS 1 I
Visit
FIFTH FUSILIERS.—This regiment was bfew days ago by an " old chap" who had been diger fro
from it for being worn out and unfit for f°l4/310_,4
viee, in the year 1784 ! The poor old fellow ..5,0,,i
pension; consequently, the officers, non-commis be,',,,
officers, drummers, and privates—to their credit ael
told—after they found, by comparing his tattel; o,‘
cuments with the regimental records, that be 11 07,
humbug," made up a handsome subscription l'espec'f
which enabled him, not only to step into a ii0,41/0
able cookshop, and take a lesson in the " Ph tee,
of living," but to " rig" himself, " from top t°,ooo
comfortable winter apparel, which very much Pllail 0
both the inward and outward man. He then reck° tet4,
residue of his coin, which, we understand, atollos
twenty-eight sovereigns ; put them, carefully' 11; de9
ingly, into his breeches pocket, and took his "e,C oliJ
for the South, whistling " The Boys of Kilkenno'd ";/
he occasionally changed to prayers, both ...:•iihi
deep," for the prosperity of the " Fighting " A,
Banner of Ulster. • lit Ire'
THE BAPTISTS.—Last evening the Rlgo, Iteoe
Lord Teynham preached at the Baptist's Cherregel
tie-street, to a numerous and respectable eoligd, 00 Al'
His Lordship has been sonae months in Irelan
~1 e
now on his way from Dublin to London.—Licor
bion of Monday.
1e
BIRTHS. f tee
On the 7th inst., at Farnham, Surrey, the hull ° Alef,
H. R. Julius, of a daughter.
A If .ed 02rfr.'
On the 7th inst., at Upper Tooting, Mrs. ----L wy
of Burton-crescent, of a daughter.
On the 6th inst., at Grove-lane, Camberwell: Ml* ,1), of
of a daughter. the IP
On the 6th inst., at Lyme Regis, DorsetshireP 0. ow
W. H. Hussey, Esq., of the 67th Regiment,Bro ofrn pa::: 0
On the 7th inst., at Albion-place, Lonsdale-square off
of Anthony Coiling Brownless, Esq., of a son. 0, the ,
On the 7th inst., at Alexander-square,
of Charles Hance, Esq., barrister-at-law, of a
windatus,gthe Ilij he
On the Bth inst., at Broughton Rectory, ee— e.OOl-
- Rev. Hanlake Lee, of a son. f far-
On the Bth inst., at Upper Clapton, the lady 0 eff
Parson, Esq., of a son. 001
On the 9th inst., the lady of Henry Adams, Esq"
street, Hyde-park, of a son. Ad
MARRIED. , r.
ne., 4
William 11. Sherwin, Esq., to Mary Ann Bon
,jele 400
daughter of the late Mr. John C. Bonner, of Icl7re, Ed'
On the sth inst., at Barnbarroch, wigtol:lseant, to nor
Richard Jeffreys, Esq., Major in the 88th Regime
of DO
daughter of the late Colonel Vans Agnew, C. 13" gher'
roch and Shenchan. •C cis On the 7th inst., at Malden, Surrey, Thomas f the is
Esq., to Julia Margaret. youngest daughter 0 _re.
,„00'
Fillingham, Esq., of Guildford-street, Russell-s9aZir.l3',:i.f.
On the 7th inst., at St. George's, Bleotnsbuqa",i;ibtery
kill, of Exeter, to Susan Brooking, youngest a
Square, Esq., solicitor, Kingsbridge, Devon.
oft
DIED. 1-, while 1
On the Bth inst., suddenly, at Southill Fare,„„per, 0-
visit to the late Earl of Limerick, Martin ..b%"6sth d
harp
F.B. S., of New Burlington-street, London, in '
..0g..,-.
of his ae.
Lieutenant On the
.h
pooflN Si eept
tt en
Shakespeare,i. ber, before
2thdeEfloorot
peLviiSssai`;tf-eity;oef
On the 17th of October last, at Casyclotii Rego" „
Captain Charles W. James, of her MajestYs 101)P
Foot, aged 37. Or Nildare' of
On the 24th ult., at Ballintaggart, coup .
Bonham, Esq. aged 75.
On the 26th' u 4. at Amiens, James .., $Ol
Nelson- terrace, Stoke' Newington.
late Pr'
At Woolmer Ledge, Hampshire, the intae
la
• f the
Angerstein, Esq. bet 0 eoth
At Burton-crescent, Mrs. Hamilton, re eo ,
William Hamilton, of Broad-street. of ta
INl,u_
_lltetst,:eo4;;,ls;
f the
relict 0
On the 4th inst., Charles John HurafrcY, E4l.' la
te
Foot, aged 19.
Robert N. Cumming, Esq., surgeon, C!',eXere, Ore .et
On the 4th inst., at Basingstoke, Marthali. at
,21060'
P 11".
On the sth inst., at the Freemasons .`
wife of
street, Holborn, Alfred Bird. . vie
On the 7th inst., at North Brixton, Dian' , et
Wilt')o
Charleton, Esq., of the Coal Exchange. otTilyo,•l
ce
London : Printed and Published by , _ oe me ti
No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The bu'in the
IEI
,rane. in the Precioet of the Swop,.
Middlesex, Tuesday, December 10:1