The Sun.
London, England, 1844-03-12 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONIDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 12. 1844

.„ PA, WILLIAM SMITH, smallwareman, INlot‘ ngham, March
eqn 20 and April 20, at eleven, at the Birmingham District Court.
P.-0.--1.-1) .#14,11 Bittleston, efficial assignee, Birmingham ; Cowley, Nutting-
wt; ham ; Motteram and Giddey, Birmingham.
GEOI2 GE WOOD, banker, Ingram, Northumberland,
.I.+l .rch 26. at two, and April 30, at twelve, at the Newcastle-
Lpon-Tyrie District Court. Wakley, official assignee, New-
castle-upon-Tyne ; Nicholls and Doyle, Bedford-raw, Lon-
con • Kent, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
GEORGE LIMBERT, shopkeeper, Boroughbridge, York-
shire, March 29 and April 26, at eleven, at the Leeds District
Court. Young, official assignee, Leeds ; Williamson and Co.,
Gray's Inn, London ; Blanchard and Co., York.
CHARLES ALLAN i3Y STOREY, corn merchant, Leeds,
March 25 and May 1, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court.
Freeman, official assignee, Leeds • Summers, Princes-street,
Leicester-square, London ; Ray, Leeds.
NOTICES OF INSOLVENCY.
C. Aahnrst, publican, Heaton Norris, Manchester.
J. Bromley, hay and straw salesman, Woolwich.
E. Beck, grocer, Tiverton, Devonshire.
C. Sterck,7greengrocer, Grosvenor-row, Pimlico.
W. H. Crook, baker, Southampton.
J. G. Hatcher, coach maker, Castle-street, Tonbridge.
J. T. Griffiths, victualler, Llanelly, Carmarthenshire.
E. West, commission agent, Bexley-heath, Kent.
W. R. Chaulk, farmer, Blackmore, Essex.
E. Brown, lamp trimmer on the Brighton Railway, Croydon.
R. Owen, tavern keeper, Llanrerst, Denbighshire.
H. Savage, tool manufacturer, Coaley, Gloucestershire.
W. Evans, farmer, Cwmcarvan, Monmouthshire.
W. Presley, fruiterer, Prospect-place, Old Kent-road.
A. Graham, engineer, Landport, Portsmouth.
W. Palmer, huckster, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire.
J. Walton, butcher, Kirkby Ravensworth, Yorkshire.
Z. G. Baker, tailor, Topsham, Devonshire.
J. Edwards, farmer, Llanarmon in Yale, Denbighshire.
W. Parry, miller, Hope, Flintshire.
R. Hill, baker, Cheltenham.

SUN OFFICE, Seven o'Cloch.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
STANDARD.—The declaration of the Duke of Wel-
lington, as a member of the Government, in the House
of Lords last night, Will. we hope, silence the falsehoods
of the League, and of its eche, the Morning Post, as to
the purpose of the administration to abandon the protec-
tion of agriculture. "As to the Corn-laws," said the
illustriouiDuke, " I have never changed the opinions that
I held upon that _ question. I recommended to
your Lordships 'to adopt the present Corn-laws, and
I-now recommend it to yon to adhere to them." It is
well to put this important declaration, distinctly and
emphatically, upon the record; because some six months
hence we are sure to hear from the Leaguers,
doubtless aided, as before, by the Morning
Post of a resolution taken by Ministers
it
to aban-
don the protective system ;we heard in the
autumn of 1842 and in that of 1843, and why
should we riot hear it in the autumn of
1844 ? The Bishop of Peterborough,. be seen,
gave a full explanation of-the impossibility of his inter-
fering further than he did interfere in the disgraceful
case of Mr. Herbert Marsh. The R'ght Rev. Lord's
explanation did not greatly differ from that which we
took the liberty to offer yesterday. In fact, the law
takes from him all cognizance gf facts, protected by a
lapse of two ears, or of facts occurring beyond the
limits of his oia diocese ; and Mr. Marsh's misconduct
was guarded in both respects, for his profligacy was
three years old, and the scenes of it were London
and Paris. This exhibits a state of the law which
unquestionably calls for considerable amendment ;
but it is a complete exculpation of the Bithop, who,
it appears, did all that it was in his power to do,
by commanding Marsh not to profane the public
worship, or to insult and disgust the parishioners •
of Barnack by taking part in the Divine service.
This command was the "mediate communication"
which the guilty man slurred over so gently in his evi-
dence. 'We are happy to know that a bishop possesses
even so much power, of which we were not
previously .aware. It is plain that whatever
power is placed in the hands of men like
Dr. Davys will be employed to the best purposes.
But here comes the question, what is to be done
with Marsh ? For our part, we do not know
what can be done with him in the present state of the
law ; but we know very well what ought to be done with
him. He ought to be deprived of his livings and divested
of his orders ; and if no other means of cutting him off
from the Church are available, he ought to be cut off
by a special Act of the Legislature, such ss tee
Legislature, unfortunately, has to pass almost every
year on grounds not very different from those which
constitute his crime. A wretched woman who yields to
vanity or passion or folly, is justly, but with little com-
punction, stripped of her honourable character of wife
and matron, and in short, consigned to ruin for miscon-
duct, not more offensive in the eyes of God, or more
scandalous among men, than that of which this person
is confessedly guilty ; and this is effected by the Act of
the Legislature. Why then should not the Legislature,
which relieves the innocent husband from a tainted wife,
interpose to relieve the Church from a tainted member?
The measure would 7e a strong one, but the case is an
atrocious case. and such cases demand strong remedies.
GLOBE.—The refusal of the War-office to grant the
usual pension to Mrs. Fawcett, the widow of the officer
who died of a wound received a few hours previously in
a duel with his near relative, Lieut. Monro, was lest
night brought before the House of Commons by Capt.
Bernal. The form of the motion was for the produc-
tion of a copy of any corresr. ondence which had taken
place on the subject between the War-office and Mrs.
Fawcett, or her agent, on the subject of the refusal of
the usual pension. The debate that followed upon the
motion, -though at first confined within the limits of the
case on which it was founded, soon took a wider range.
The House speedily found inself debating the general
question. Duelling—in an the comprehensive and rind-
ti!arious arguments, pro and con., of which the subject
is peculiarly prolific—became the topic, and furnished
matter for an animated discussion. What cannot always
be affirmed of the debates of the Hon. House, though
the motion was withdrawn, a considerable advantage
is likely to be effected by the discussion. The atten-
tion of the military authorities has been drawn to the
subject of duelling in the army; and means for its
suppression have been proposed that seem likely to put
an end to the practice, which, if discontinued
among military men, will very soon be abandoned
by civilians. A few words on Mrs. Fawcett's case, and
also on the tone and tendencies of the debate on the
general question, will place before our readers the to o
leading features of the discussion. With reference to
the unfortunate lady—whose situation it is im-
possible to contemp'ate without deep commiseration
for her fate—we are compelled to say that we
think the refusal of her pension by the military authori-
ties not merely severe, but unjust. Nothing which was
adduced throughout the discussion list evening tended
to diminish the impression originFily produced on the
public mind by the refusal. The visitation of heavy
pecuniary loss upon the widoW and children of "a
brave and di Ainguished officer who had served in the
fiend with honour to himself and advantage to his coun-
try"—we use Sir R. Peel's testimony to his character—
this refusal of the usual pension being absolutely unpre-
colentet, as well as unjustifiable ; the result of a newly-
kindled, zeal against duelling, in the breasts of those
wl.o had themselvs s been parties to rencontres of
the same kind, and in conformity with a custom which,
however indefensible, is admitted to be little less than
absolute in its claims upon the compliance of military
men—a refusal of the usual pension to the widow and chil-
dren of such an officer, who had died under such circuin-
stances, is, on the face of it, and on all the evict' nce fairly
belbre the public, an act of arbitrary cruelty and an outrage
upon the feelings of. the country. There • appears no-
thing m: the case to mitigate the oppression or dimi-
nish the injustice of the refusal. The deceased offic, r
whose widow has been thus treated was not the chal-
lenger, but the challenged. He therefore merely com-
plied with a message which custom had ,clothed with all
the force of an imperative demand upon his honour,
with which he dared not refuse compliance without
forfeiting his position in society. The relationship of the
principals ; the frivolity of the cause which led to the
quarrel between them ; these, and all the other circum-
stances alluded to as justificatory of the refusal to grant
the pension to the widow of Lieut. -Colonel Fawcett,
were substantial and, as we think, sufficient reasons for
inducing the seconds to interfere and prevent the meet-
ing. But the parties having met, and a fatal termina-
tion to car —and he, as far as appears in evidence, the
least criminal—of the parties having taken place, we
fail to discover a single semblance of reason to justify
the withholding of the pension. If the pension were
an act of mere grace and favour, under such circum-
stances the refusal would be capricious and severe ; but
if, as Lord Palmerston stated—and his knowledge
and practical experience of the subject confer upon his
statement the weight of authority—if " pensions are
granted not so much on considerations relating to the
widow herself as in consideration of the services of her
husband," then injustice has been done to Lieut.-Col.
Fawcett in the persons of his widow and children, by
the refusal. We most earnestly hope that the decision
of the 'War-office will be reconsidered. The practice of
duelling in the army being about to be suppressed by
the introduction of certain clauses in the Articles of
War, there is the stronger reason why this severe visi-
tation on Mrs. Fawcett—which is defended on the
ground of its tending to discourage duelling between
military men—need not be persisted in.

MARKET INTELLIGENCE.

(From the London New Price Current of March 12.)
SUGAR.—There hao been less desir.: shown on the part of
the trade to purchase West India Sugar since Tuesday last ;
the demand has been limited for a 1 descriptions, and in some
cases rather lower rates accepted. To-day the quantity of
West India Muscovado Sugar on show was somewhat larger ;
grocers and refiners however purchased with much caution, and
the rates taken were decidedly 6d to Is. under those of this
day week.
REFINED.—To-day there was little business transacted in
Refined Sugar for home consumption, and prices are still going
down ; brown scaleabte Lumps selling at 75s 6d to 765, and
standard Lumps 77s per cwt. Bonded Crushed Sugar was
taken sparingly, and 26s per cwt is the current rate for first
quality.
MAO wrriu s.—This afternoon the biddings were languid at a
public sale o, 4,651 bags, and prices declined Is per cwt for all
uascrihtions—low yellow 593 to 60s 6t, mid 61s to 625, good
62s 6d to 64s 6d, fine 65s to 665, low grey 59s to 59s 6d, mid
603 6d to 61r 6d, good "2s to 645, low mid brown 545, and
good 57s pei st.
EAST iNt ..—This a MOOD importers of Bengal Sugar
were more dc. rous to re. .se. Fine while Gold at 68s to 691,
good 66s to 675, mid 64s to 655, low 635, low yellow 575, mid
1 58s to 61s 6d, good strong Dobah 64s 6d to 665, damp brown
51s, white damp and washed 63s to 693. 3ellow ditto 37s 6d
to 65s 6d ; in bond, mostly sold at and since the sale, good
white at 403 to 425, middling 38s 6d to 395, middling strong
yellow 323 6d to 335, good 34s to 365, grey 32s 6d to 343 6d,
damp 3ls 6d to 3ss 6d, washed 25s to 33s per cwt.
FOREIGN.—To-day there was no public sale of Foreign
Sugar, privately little business was done, but holders would
not accept lower rates.
MoLAssEs.—ln West India little business has been trans-
acted, and previous rates are barely sustained. Bengal Syrup
19s good quality. Cuba Honey taken in at 20s per cwt.
COCOA.—Foreign is heldhrmly. To-day higher rates were
paid privately for West India Cocoa ; fine red Trinidad sold at
58s to 60s, and good 55s to 57s per cwt. The stock is nearly
all in the dealers' hands. _ _

RICE.—The transactions privately in Bengal have been to
a large extent in all descriptions, and firm rates paid. Carolina
cleaned here at 21s to 245, and 26s per cwt. This afternoon
Carolina Rice jrom New York taken in at 18a 6d per cwt for
good bright white.
COFFEE.—Purchases to a fair extent have been made pri-
vately in West India Coffee, and rather higher prices paid for
clean descriptions; the business done has, however, been prin-
cipally amongst the dealers. For Foreign the advanced rates
previously established are fully supported. This afternoon
Ceylon met with less attention, but holders remained firm.
Dutch Company's Java, good ord pale yellow at 53s to 545.
TEA---Today merchants displayed firmness, bilt the trade
were less desirous to purchase. The ptblic sales attracted only
small attendance of dealers ; in all 10,783 pgs were put up,
The demand was limited for black and green Teas, and of the
qnantity offered only 2,600 pgs were actually sold,but former
rates were sustained for Congou and Twankay. Orange Pekoe
brought a small advance.

Rum, BRANDY, AND HOLLANDS.—AII descriptions of
West India Rum have found ready purchasers, at an advance
of Id per gallon on last Tuesday's prices for every sort. Ja-
maica at 3s 4d to 4s 3d for 30 to 37 per cent overproof of fair
to good quality ; fine in small parcels at 4s 6J to 5s 6d. Lee-
wards at 2s 2(1 to 2s 3d proof, and good and fine Demerara at
33 to 3s 3d per gallon. Calcutta Rum is in request, at
Is 10d to is lld per gallon for proof with certificate.
In the Brandy market the general tendency of prices is up-
wards. Cognac, best brands or the vintage of 1838, hhds at
5s 11d, puns 5s 9d; ditto, 1639, hhds 5s Bd, puns 5s 6d ; ditto,
1840, hhds 5s 6d, puns 5s 4d ; ditto, 1841, hhds 5s sd,
puns 5s 3d ; ditto, 1842, hhds 5s 4d, puns 5s 2d ;
and inferior and middling marks 3s to 4s 6d per gallon :
the tendency of prices is upwards for the younger descrip.
tions. Geneva for exportation at Is 10d to is lid ; tine for
home use is fetching 2s 4d to 3s per gallon. Engli-h Corn
Spirits in good demand, at at lOs 2d per gallon cash. To..
day rum of all descriptions was much inquired for ; 2s 2d
to 28 3d paid for proof Leewards, and is 11(1 for proof
Calcutta; there are not further sellers of the Inter under
•3e. Fine Demerara 37 per cent overproof, just landed, 3s 3d
per gallon refused,
SAco.—The demand is brisker and prices firm ; common
qualities at 14; to 16s, and 18s for small old white Pearl.
Sago Flour at 19s to 19: 6d per cwt. This afternoon Sago
was taken in, good large bright Pearl at 17s 6d to 18s, being
above the value. Tapioca taken in at sid to 7d per lb for good
to fine.

Isntco.—For East India previous prices are well sustained.
Spanish is scarce, and much wanted; the tendency of prices is
still upwards.
Otts.-- For Sperm Oil higher rates paid; British at 701 to
J2l per tun. All common Fish Oils at firm rates ; Pale Seal
34/ lOs to 35/, Cod 33/ lOs to 341, Southern 32/ to 341 per tun.
Linseed Oil at 27s to 27s 3d per cwt on the spot. Rape Oil,
pale at 35s 6d to 365, and brown 34s 6d to 35s per cwt. For
Olive Cil advanced rates paid ; Gallipoli fetching 471, Spanish
43/ to 44/, and Barbary 42/ to 42/ lOs per tun. Cocoa Nut
Oil at 29s to 32s per cwt. Palm, fine 28s to 28s 6d per cwt.
North American Lard 41/ to 42/per tun.
TALLOW.—For Russian Tallow on the spot, stiffer rates
paid; P. Y. Candle at 40s 9d to 41s, and small parcels at 41s 3d
per cwt; for delivery at 41s 3d to 41s 6d per cwt for the last
three months of the year; American at 33s to 38s per cwt;
Town Tallow at 40s 6d to 4ls per cwt. net cash. This after-
noon P. Y. Candle 41s to 41s 3d on the spot, for prime.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.
(THIS EVENING.)

H OUSE OF LORDS.
The LOKI) CHANCILLOR took his seat on the Woolsack at
Five o'Cluck.

GWALIOR.

The Earl of RIPON laid on the table of the House certain
papers relating to Gwalior.

CORN-LAWS.

Petitions in favour of protection for agriculture were pre-
sented by the Duke of Richmond from Yorkshire, and the
Earl 3 of Roseberry from Linlithgow. The Noble Earl inti-
mated that he did not agree wiih the prayer of the petitions.
In answer to a question from Lord CAMPBELL,
The LORD CHANCELLOR said he should proceed with
the Ecclesiastical Courts Bill on Friday next.
Lord CAMPBELL wished also to put a question to the
Noble and Learned Lord respecting a particular portion of that
Bill, he meant that part relating to the granting of probates or
wills. He would wish to know if his Noble and Learned
Friend intended this to apply in cases of 51. when a probate
had been taken out bona fide.
The LORD CHANCELLOR said this was a most im-
portant Bill, and perhaps the best course for his Noble Friend
to adopt would be to allow the Bill to pass, and then he might
introduce another Bill to extend its operation.
Lord BROUGHAM said he had made many attempts to re-
model the law on this subject, but had been frustrated by party
interests.

COURSE OF EXCH.
Amsterdam CF. 12 6
Ditto, at sight l2 4
Rotterdam 2U. 12 6
Antwerp
llamburgh M.B. 13 15
Al tona
Paris, 3 days' sight 25 75
Ditto, 3 mouths 25 95
Marseilles
Bourdeaux 25

NGE.—(TI-ITS DAY.)
Gibraltar —
Leghorn
Genoa 26
Milan —
Venice • • 47
Naples 384
Palermo, per oz ll7i
Lisbon s3i -
Oporto 531
Rio Janeiro 23
Bahia 23
Buenos Ayres

'METROPOLITAN IMPROVEMENTS.
The Marquis of NORMANBY, seeing that the Govern-
ment were about bringing in a Rill in the other House,
for the purpose of regulating the different buildings and
improvements in the metropolis, whiled to ask whether they
intended to extend this to the other parts of the country. He
also would ask in what state the improvements in the ictoria
Pai k, about being constructed in the east-end of the metropolis
were at present.

Frankfort on Maine.. 122

The links of BUCCLEUCH could not answer the latter
question of his Noble Friend. It was not at present the inten-
tion of the Government to extend the provisions of the Metro-
politan Buildings Act to other large town 3 in the Kingdom.
In many large towns there were local Acts affecting buildings
in these particular towns, and it would, therefore, be impolitic
to pass any general measure which might affectithose local Acts.
The Marquis of NORMANBY would suggest to his Noble
Friend the propriety of at least applying some of the provisions
of the Bill to large towns in the kingdom, for the purpose of
prohibiting persons living in cellars.
The Marquis of SALISBURY did not think the provisions
of .this Bill would remedy the evil of which the Noble Marquis
complained.
DISSENTERS' PROPERTY.
Lord COTTENHAM presented a petition from the Dis-
senters of Dublin, praying that the Bill lately laid en the table
of the House, respecting the property of Dissenters, consisting
of chapels and burial-grounds, might be extended to Ireland.
The LORD CHANCELLOR had no objection to the ap-
pointment of a Committee to consider the prayer of the petition.
Lord COTTENHAM then moved for the appointment of
such a Committee, which was agreed to.
(LEFT SITTING.)

Petersburgh, 3 Us... 36i
Berlin.
7

Vienna, effec. fl. 3M. 958
I rieste, Witt. ... 959
Madrid 361
Cadiz
Bilbao 36
Barcelona 36
Sevilla

NewYork;2ldys sight
Philadelphia —

PRICES OF BULLION, PER OZ.
Foreign Gold, bars X 3 17 9
Portugal Gold Coin 3 17 5
New Doubloons__ 0 0 0
New Dollars 0 4 f:
Silver in Bars 0 4 11i

TIIE LONDON GAZETTE.
(THIS EVENING.)

oommissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County Palatine of
• Lan caster.
The Duke of Lancaster's Own Regiment of Yeomanry Ca-
valry, Rochdale Troop—A. H. Royds, Esq, to be Captain ;
T. A. Crook, Gent., to be Lieutenant ; W. E. Royds,
to be Cornet, Feb. 27.
Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of Dorsetahire.
Queen's Own Regiment of Yeomanry—W. G. Pitt, Gent.,
to be Cornet, March 5.

JOSEPH SCHOLEFIELD, BANKRUPTS
cutler,. Cheapside, to surrender
March 21, at eleven, and April 19, at two, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Belcher, official assignee ; Shield and Harwood,
Queen-street, Cheapsiite.
WILLIAM SMITH, printer, Strand, March 22, at half-
past twelve, and April 26, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy
Whitmore, official assignee, Basinghall-street ; Webber, .
Caro-
line-street, Bedford-square.
THOMAS ADAMS, publican, Newport, Isle of Wight,
March 19, at twelve, and April 23, at half-past twelve, at the
Court of Bankruptcy. Edwards, official assignee, Frederick's-
place, Old Jewry ; Foster, Jermyn-street, St. James's.
CHARLES EICKE, iron rivet manufacturer, Rotherhithe,
March 20, at half-past eleven, and April 24, at one, at the
Court of Bankruptcy. Johnson, official assignee, Basinghall-
hall-street ; Taylor, Clernent's-lane, Lombard-street.
ALGERNON SPARKE, wine merchant, Jewin-crescent,
Jewin-street, City, March 19, at half-past twelve, and April
24, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Johnson, official
assignee ; Chisholm, Cook's-court, Lincoln's Inn.
WILLIAM POTT, silk throwster, Macclesfield, Cheshire,
March 25, at twelve, and April 22, at one, at the Manchester
District Court. Stanway, officinal assignee, Manchester ;
Abbott, Charlotte-street, London; Bennett, Manchester.
THOMAS MILLAR, hosier, Liverpool, March 27, and
April 18, at the Manchester District Court. Pett, official
assignee, Manchester; Abbott, Charlotte-street, Bedford-
square, London; Bennett, Manchester.
RICHARD A LSOP, grocer, Manchester, March 22, at
twelve, and April 23d at one, at the Manchester District
Court. Fraser, official assignee, Manchester ; Johnsons and
Weatherall, Temple ; Hitchcock, Buckley, and Tidswell,
Blanchester.
ROBERT CROWDER, iron founder, West Auckland, I
Durham, March 22, at two, and April 30, at one, at the New-
castle-upon-Tyne District Court. Baker, official assignee,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Steavenson, Darlington; Burn, Great
Carter-lane, Doctors'-commons, London.

R SokiTheoCtirC
The SPEAKEROUto COMMONS.
Mr. H. HINDS brought at the usual hour.
Railway Bill, which was readu!:lihrse Fontop and South Shields
The Epsom and South Westetrntirne.
Croydon and Epsom Railway Bill, were Railway Bill, and the
and ordered to be committed. read a second time,
Mr. WALLACE presented a petition from the inhabit ants
of Lambeth, complaining that the Lambeth Wate
Company had violated the terms of their Act of Parliaments
and praying the House to inquire into the subject, '
Mr. STUART WORTLEY presented a
petition from
Yorkshire against any alteration in the corn laws.
Mr. WARBURTON presented a petition against the poor-
laws ; also a petition against the employment of young persons
in factories.
Mr. I)RUMMOND presented a petition praying for the
establishment of local courts in certain parts of the country.
Mr. BECKETT presented a petition against the short-time
clause in the Factories Rill.

NOTICES OF MOTION.
Colonel WOOD postponed to Tuesday, 26th inst., the mo-
tion which he had upon the paper relative to the exemption of
the carriage of lime from toll in Wales.
Mr. CURIE'S wished to give notice that in the Committee
on the Poor-law Amendment Bill he should move a resolu-
tion to the effect that boards of guardians be empowered to
permit paupers in workhouses to go out during the day for air and
exercise ; and, in case of that resolution not being agreed to,
Le should move another, to the effect that beards of guardians
be permitted to allow paupers in workhouses who were above
60 years of age, to go out during the day for the enjoyment of
air and exercise, subject to such regulations as the guardians
might think fit to impose.
Sir WALTER JAM ES gave notice that in Committee on
the Factories Bill, he should move that the word " child" in
the Bill mean a person under 15 years of age, and that the
words " young person mean a person under *1 years of age.
Dr. BOWRING gave notice that to-morrow he would ask

for a statement of the changes which had taken place in the have taken some pains to ascertaint the opinions of those who
book-keeping department of the public offices since the Report best understand this subject, a
.01 I that the greater de-
that was made on the subject in the year 1822. mand for labour in this country would raise the price of corn
ertowienenthsels.faarninderss6s.aneedl.
Mr. GILL wished, pursuant to the notice which he had here to three or four shillings above the, price. in. Jersey with-
-1 d throw
the
with-
given yesterday, to put the following question to the Right out the danger of thro.sing land out of cultivation..-(Oppo.
Hon. Gentleman opposite-namely, whether the Right sition cheers, and Tory counßteurtchinee_ryse.a)rsWoh.fatlhwigohuldpgiiecnetsemthene
slaanydthoatitt tohfe
pauperisew o u
since the 24th of July last, now nearly eight months, and that
officersno u.
of Gentlemante 76 t wasßegiment aware
of
nowthe in fact
P etvhoantp thereort underwer arrestwere
two
labourers?-(Cheers.)the high
they were put under arrest in consequence of a dispute in the farmers do not receive
.prices for their corn.. On the
cultivation, difference
b
mess-room to present further consequences, also whether or contrary, they sell their corn at the lowest prices, and the
not applications were made in December and January last by speculator sells._ _ his at the highest.-(Loud cheers.) A short
letter to the Horse-Guards on behalf of one of the officers, time ago I met a miller from near Winchester, who said to
and if so what notice • had been taken ? He wished also me, " I think I can give you some practical information on this
to know whether the Right Hon. Gentleman had any objet- subject," and he took out his book and told me the prices
tion to state to the House the grounds of the continued de- which he paid away for the corn which he purchased before the
tention of those officers, and why they were not released or their harvest and after the harvest in five years. What
conduct submitted to a proper tribunal. Lastly, he wished to know he paid for
November
the load of five quarters, in August,
whether or not that arrest was not contrary to the articles of 1839, was 19/. 10s. ; in of that year it was 16/. the
war, which sta • ted that no officer should be detained longer in load. In August, 1840, the price was 181. the load ; in
In 1841, August, 19/. the
Octo-
arrest than eight days, or until a court-martial could be as- ber, 141. 15s. , load; .
sembled. In 1842, August, 17 guineas the load; September, 12/. In
Sir H. HARDINGE said in reply to the first question, that In 1843, July, 17 guineas; September, 12/. 10s. I think
it was correct that two officers were so detained in arrest, and this may. show that the farmers do not gain by the increase
secondly they were put under arrest in consequence of a dis- of the price, but that they sell at the lowest price of the market.
pute which occurred in the mess-room, to prevent further' Now, Sir, there is another point upon which as much misre-
consequences. With regard to applications made on behalf of presentation exists as the one Ihare just stated, namely, the
one of the officers to the Horse-guards, he believed it was correct price at which corn
those could be grown abroad. The price of
that some letters were written to the authorities there. In reply, wheat at Dantzic during . ten years to which I have
to the fourth euestion, as to whether he had any objections to referred was 405., and if you add to it the freight of
state the grounds of the continued
arrest, and whetter the said Bs., it will corroborate the statement I have made
officers should not either be released or tried, as the articles of with regard to the price at which wheat has been sold at Jersey,
war quoted by the Hon. Member, directed, he (Sir H. -(Hear, hear.) Another point upon which misrepresentation
Hardinge) had stated to the Honourable Gentleman has gone abroad, relates to the different items of expenditure in
and to the House, that those officers were placed bringing wheat to this . country. We have had cost for freight at
under arrest, because one of them, a junior offi- various periods, but we have rot had full accounts of the
e'er, was the bearer of a challenge to a senior officer, other items of expenditure:-( Hear, hear.) It would be im-
which the latter accepted, both having thus violated their duty, portant to elicit as much information as possible upon this
and therefore rendered themselves liable to arrest. After he subject, and the best means of arriving at it be would
City had been arrested the junior officer made the most ample apolo- examine practical men from the before a Select Com-
p 'es in his power, which were accepted by the other officer, mittee of the House, as to the cost of transit -
As far as Icould • • '
and the aggressor, who was very much in the wrong, ( Hear, hear.)
was about to be tried by Court Martial in conse- the books of merchants, . the cost of transit from Dantzic may
ea
quence of his conduct. The other, who was not so be put down at half-a-guinea,
of,
e.including, in this freight, land-
much to blame, was also to be tried by reason of his vio- ing loading, insurance, and other hr items of every kind. This is
lation of duty. About that time a measure was in contempla- the protectierowe give to, the farmers of this country.-( Hear.)
d that the
tion by the Commander-in-Chief to repress it, and it was de- But I maybe answered,
to farmers of this country have
termined that those officers should be tried under the new the cost of earriage pay also, as, for instance, from
arrangement, and as both violated their duty-one in a most Norfolk to Liverpool or London. But I beg to remind Hon.
unjustifiable manner,-the Commander-in-Chief chose Gentlemen of one thing which they lls
over 00-, namely, that a
smallportion of corn is carried coastwiseall.-(H )
at ear.
to punish them in a manner not uncommon in the army- very
upon this point might be got before
that was arrest at large, without being allowed to join the Accurate informationthis
mess, wear their swords or attend on parade.'" Under those cir- Select Committee of House.. Only 1,000,000 of quarters
cumstances, theCommander-in-Chief, coastwise tit all, or sper cent,
as their arrest had were carried
continued so long, meant to release them immediately after a of the
This is
, important he countr • • the rest. was carried from the barnt-door to the
mill. This is an consideration for those who say
suitable admonition.
Captain BERNAL asked was it ' not the case that, by the that there is no natural protection to the farmer, inasmuch
Articles of War, no officer could he kept under arrest more than as it gave the farmer here a constant protection
eight days without being brought under a court-martial? of half-a-guinea. But Honourable Gentlemen ought
Sir HENRY HARDINGE said an officer might be kept bear this in mind, that the corn which was brought from
under arrest a longer time by his commanding officer or the Dantzic was not grown on the quays-( Hear, hear)-any more
Commander-in-Chief. than it was g'-own on the quay of Liverpool. On the contrary,
COLLEGE OF PHYSICI... it is brought from a very lone distance. I have seen a state-
Sir VALENTINE BLAKE put the foliowleo e` made i , d, who said that
......ts on st i: :% the csrn was I;rougla, :.,tu - tntzic paid the
(of which he had given notice) to the Right Hon. gecretary ,_
cost of transit.-- (Laughter.) I have not been able to verify
of the Home Department :-
that statement in the course of my inquiries.-( Laughter.) Now
1. Was it his intention to introduce a clause or clauses into his
Bill for regulating the Medical Colleges and the Medical De- I should like to have farmers themselves examined before a Com•
grees of Universities, by which it will be enacted, that hence-
mittee of the House as to their ability to compete with foreigners
forth the College of Physicians in London will be enabled to Hon. Gentlemen would do well to consider what happened its
prevent any physician from practising in any part of England the case of wool.-( Hear, hear.) Every prediction that is
to uttered by gentlemen
corn, was
unless he be possessed of the License of the College of Physie now uttered, with regard
opposite with regard to wool.-( Hear, hear.) If Hon. Gen-
clans in London ?
tlemen ransacked the British Museum, and hunted in that
2. If this power be given by the Bill to the College of Phy- Herculaneum for all the pamphlets which were written on
sicians, is it intended that medical graduates of Edinburgh and
of Dublin Universities, at present practising in England, shall the subject of wool, what arguments would they net find in the
future tense, and what predictions of may, might, could, would,
urination, on the payment of a small fee, say 5/., the additional
be admitted licentiates of the College in London without exa-
should, ought, and shall.-(Laughter.) But what was the
result ? hear.) Did they lose all th • sheep
3. their .s
stamp duty being altogether remitted ? -(Hear,
walks ?-(Year, hear.) Had they no more mutton ?-
3. Was it his intention to modify the charter lately granted to
(Laughter.) Were sheep ? I
there no more cots have an
the College of Surgeons of London, so as to allow prescribing
accout of the i •
mportation of wool and the price of wool, and
surgeons who practice midwifery to be eligible for the fellow-
what I wish to impress n Gentlemen opposite'is this, that the
diately O.
ship; and also to allow a surgeon apothecary to become home- what
of commodities springs from two causes-a temporary,
diately eligible on abandoning the bwiness of an apothecary ? price,.
Sir JAMES GRAHAM said these might be an inconveni- a
eeting, and retributive high price, produced by scarcity-the
ence in going into details in answer to the Hon. Baronet's other, a high price produced by prosperity. With regard
questions. The object of the measure he should introduce to wool, your had a high price springing from
was not to impose new restrictions on medical prac- ,
the ability of the consumers. The statement he
titionera, but to relax the restrictions already existing. "ad showed that the higher the price of wool the greater was
He hoped this would be a satisfactory answer to the two first the importation ; and the lower the price, the smaller the im.
questions. With respect to the last question, a practitioner of portation. In 1827, the price of South Down wool was 10d.
midwifery was not, as such, eligible as a member of the College and the importation was 29,000,00000ft15.1n 18..9, it fell
of Surgeons, and he had no intention of, in that respect, mode. to 7d, and the importation was only 21 , , 000 1b s. In 1836,
Eying the charter of the College. the price rose to 18e1 lb., and the importation had
In answer to a question from an Hon. Member, risen to 64,000,000 of lbs. that is three times
Sir JAMES GRAHAM said he should bring in the mea- more than when the price was less by half.
d
In 1841 the price of wool was 11 ~ and the • •on importation
sure immediately before Easter, or directly afterwards.
56,000,000 of lbs. ; in 1842 the price was 10d., and the im-
portation had dropped to 45,000,000 of lbs. So that when
Mr. COBDEN then rose to bring forward his motion for you have, had the highest price of wool, you have had the
a Select Committee to inquire into the effiticts of protective largest competition from foreign countries; and when you
duties on imports on the interest of the tenant farmers and have had the lowest price you have had the least corn; etieion.
farm labourers of this country. He said-Sir, the motion I
_( Hear, hear.) Well, now, that is the principle which I wish
have to make is one which I believe is not ordinarily refused; to see applied in viewing this much dreaded question of corn.
it is one for a Select Committee to sit up stairs, to take evi- You may have a high price of corn, through a prosperous
thence of an important nature on a question that ex- community, and it may continue a high price : you may have
cites great controversy out of doors, and which I a high price through a scarcity, and it is impossible in the
believe is likely to excite considerable discussion in this House. very nature of things that trade can prosper.-( Hear. )
It may be said that my motion might have been appropriately Now put this test of wool in the case of cattle and other
placed in other hands. lam of that opinion too. I think it things that have been imported since the passing of the tariff.
might have been more appropriately brought forward by a gen- I want this matter to be cleared up.-( Hear, hear, and cheers. )
tleman on the other side of the House, particularly by a gen- Ido not want gentlemen to find fault with the Right Hon.
tleman connected with the counties of Wiltshire or Dorsetshire. Baronet for doing what he did not do. Ido not believe that he
Though lam net yet acquainnted with the grounds on which caused a reduction of one farthing in the price of
I may he opposed, I think it right to sate that I intend my articles of consumption. And I must say, with all
motion to be for the interests of the agricultural classes as deference to him, that I think ho himself is to
much as any Honourable Gentleman opposite could pretend blame for having incurred that charge by the
it to be, and that the principles which I advocate are arguments which he brought forward in support of the tariff.
calculated to do justice to them as much as to It is said that the tariff has caused a panic and distress among
any other portion of the community. I wish to have it known the farmers. Why I don't believe there has been as much
that I take my stand this night as the especial advocate of the increase in the imports as would make one good breakfast for
agriculturists ; and in bringing forward this motion I submit, all the people.-(Laughter.) Did it never enter into the
in the first place, that it is not usual for this House to refuse the minds of Hon. Gentlemen who are interested in the
appointment of Committees on important questions. We have sale of cattle, that their customers in large towns
instances of Committees being appointed to take evidence as to cannot be sinking into abject poverty and distress
the importation of silk, the exportation of machinery, the without the evil alternately reaching themselves in
navigation laws, and on all questions of similar importance. It the price of their produce. Why, I had occasion a little time
must also be admitted that such Committees are also appointed ago to look at the falling off in the town of Stockport. I cal-
without the parties more immediately concerned having rotate the fallow
, off in Stockport alone for three or four
in the first instance petitioned the House for their ap- years at more than all the increase in the importation of
pointment, before the Committee were granted. On foreign cattle. It appears, therefore, that the distress of
the appointment of the Committee relative to the that town alone has done as much to reduce prices as al! the
exportation of machinery the motion was granted, not importation under the tariff. It has been estimated that in
at the instance of manufacturers who had a monopoly of ma- Manchester forty per cent. less of wages was paid in 1842
chinery, but by parties whose interests were more particularly than had been paid formerly ; and it has also been estimated
affected by the then existing laws. Ido not therefore anticl- that the country was paying 7,000,0001. less in wages per
pate that any just grounds can be stated why the Committee annum in 1842 than in 1836. How could you then expect the
should be refused because petitions have not been presented de- same consumption ?-( Hear, hear.) If you would but look to
mending it. I shall now state what my opinions shall be on your own interests as keenly and as wisely as manufacturers
entering that Committee. I shall be prepared to bring impor- look to theirs, you would never fall into the
tent evidence forward before that Committee abetting the error supposing that you can ruin your customers, and yet, at
effects of the protection, as it is called to the agriculturists by the same time, prosper in your pursuits.-(Cheers.) I re-
the examination of farmers themselves. I will in fact member .hearing Lord Kinnaird, whose property is [near
not bring forward a single witness before that Com- Dundee, state that, in 1835 and 1836, the dealers used to come
mittee who will not be a tenant farmer or a landed and bespeak his cattle three months in advance, but
proprietor.- (Hear, hear.) The opinion which I shall in 1842, when the linen trade shared the fate of
hold on entering the Committee is, that the protection, as it all the manufactures he had to engage steam-boats
is called, instead of being beneficial, is delusive and injurious three months in advance to bring his cattle to the
to the tenant-farmers, and that opinion I shall be prepared to London markets. Hon. Members, who lived in Sussex, and
sustain by the evidence of tenant-farmers themselves. I wish the southern counties, and who were in the habit of joking
it to be understocd that Ido not admit what is called protec- about Cheadle AIM, should recollect that they are as much de-
tion to agriculturists has been ever any protection at all to pendent upon the prosperity of Cheadle and other mills, as
them, but on the contrary, I hold that its only effect has been those who live in their immediate neighbourhood.-(Hear,
to mislead them.-( Hear, hear.) 1 have recently read over hear.) If graziers, on looking at the " Price Current," find
again the evidence taken before the first corn-law Committee they can get a better price for their cattle in London than in
of 1815, and I leave it to any man whether it was not con- Manchester and Stockport will not send their cattle up .to
tended at that time that sufficient protection could not be London, to compete with the southern graziers. The point,
giien to the agriculturists unless they got 80s. a quarter for therefore, which I wish to make out is, that the tariff has not
wheat.-(Hear, hear.) I wish to remind the Hon. Member caused the reduction in price. There is nothing which I re-
for Wiltshire, whether it oas not at that eericel thought that gret more, than that the corn-law or the tariff should ever have
wheat could not be grown in this country, unless the farmers got been touched. Without this, we should have had prices lower
965. a quarter or 12s a bushel for it, while now the Ministry than they a ;have e our lesson would then been complete, and
are only willing to give the farmers a rate of 565. a quarter. the landlordsr and tenants would have been taught how
It is denied that this House has ever promised to guaran- dependent they are on their customers. Hon. Gentlemen must
tee prices for their proOuce to the farmers. Now, what was the not content themselves with learning this lesson ; but they
custom of the country from the passing of the corn-law in 1811)? must reduce their rents -they must go down in sackcloth and
Why, 1 will bring old men before the committee who will state, ashes-( Great laughter)-instead of hallooing on the farmers
that farmers valued their fumes, from that time, by against the Anti-Corn-law League as the cause of all their suf-
a computation of wheat being at eighty shillings a quarter. ferings.-(Hear, hear.) Now with regard to the low prices
I can also prove that Agricultural Societies, that met in 1821, consequent on the change in the tariff, Ido not know whether a
came to resolutions declaring that they were deceived by the Noble Lord happens to be present, whoillustrated this veryaptly.
Act of 1815, from which calculations were made at the rate by stating that the farmers in the west of Scotland had been
of wheat being at Bes., while, in fact, it was only at 435. I ruined by the reduction in the price of cheese.--( Laughter.)
can also prove that, in the Committee which was eats- There could be nothing mere unfortunate than that statement,
blished in I 836, the witnesses stated that they had as there happens in that respect to have been no alteration, and
been deceived in the price of their corn ; and I will set I believe cheese fell in price as much as any other article.
ask the Right Honourable Baronet at the head of the The mistake of the Noble Lord who made that statement was
Government whether, at the present moment, rents were not quite natural ; for if he believed that the change in the tariff
fixed rather with reference to certain Acts that were passed, cause the reduction in the price of cattle, he was bound
than any intrinsic worth of the farmers. I know that the pre- to believe that nothing else caused the reduction
sent is a subjectewhich causes some little irritation ; but I will in the prise of cheese. It is well known that
ask whether farms under the Corn-law Bill are not valued at corn whilst the price of cheese has fallen in the home
being 80s. a bushel. In consequence of the alteration that was market, the importation has been also considerably
made since the last Act, tenant farmers have been valued on the diminished.-(Hear, hear.) Now there is another point upon
ground of corn being 565. a quarter. Now, I know an instance which 1 must entreat Hon. Members' forbearance, for it is an
where a party occupying his own land, was rated at a certain exceedingly tender point, and one which is always heard with
amount-viz., at the amount of the valuation of corn being 565. sensitiveness in the House. I refer to the subject of rent.
a quarter, while, in fact, it was selling at 475., and upon his -( Hear, hear.) Now we have no tenant-farmer in this
asking why he had been so rated, he was told that the parties House-( Hear, hear)-I wish we had, and I venture
did not know, but they supposed it was in consequence of what here to express a hope that the next dissolution
the Prime Minister had stated was the price of corn, rule sent up a bona fide tenant-farmer. I know nothing more
What I want to go into Committee for is to convince the far- likely than that to unravel the perplexity of our termonology-
mers, once for all, that that House has not the power to regu- nothing more likely to put things on a right footing than to
late the price of their commodities. The Right Hon. Gentle- make us speak plainly on this subject. The landowners, I
man stated to me that he could not regulate the wages of the mean the political landowners, those who dress their servants
labourer, or the profits of the manufacturers or traders o and and their cattle in blue ribbons' and who treat this
if be could not guarantee any fixed profits, how could the question entirely as a political one. They go to
House possibly fix the price of agricultural commodities? the tennant farmers, and
Now the first point to which I should wish to make this Corn- impossible for them to compete with foreigners, for, if they had
mittee instrumental will be in fixing in the minds of the farmers their land rent free, they could not sell their produce at the
the fact that this House exaggerates its power to raise and same price as they did. To hear out their statement they
enhance prices.-( Hear.) The prices of agricultural produce give a calculation of the cost per acre of growing wheat which
have never been, up to that point, legislated for and guaranteed they put down at 61. Now the fallacy of that has been ex-
,by this House, and it is on that main point that I wish to have planted to me by an agriculturist in the Midland Counties.
a settled and sound opinion given to the country. The farmer's whom I should exceedingly like to see giving his
interest is that of the whole community, and is not a partial evidence before the Committee for which 1 am
interest-(Loud cheers)-and you cannot touch him more sen- moving. He writes me in a letter which I have received
sitively than when you injure the manufacturers-his cue- to-day, " You will be met by an assertion that no
tomers.-( Cheers.) Ido not deny that you may regulate alteration in rent can make up the difference to the tenant and
prices for awhile-for awhile you have regulated them by the labourer of diminished prices. They will quote the expenses
forcing an artificial scarcity ; but in so doing you have only of „ingle crop of wheat, and say how small a proportion the
sown the seed by which you destroyed your own power and Rent bears to the whole expense. But that is not the true
prosperity, for yon carried on a war against nature.- way of putting it. Wheat is the farmers' remunerating crop,
(Loud cheers.) You may produce by this means the but the farmer cannot grow wheat more than one year in
ruin of trade, the bankruptcy of capitalists-but is this con. three." The writer stated that they . should compare the ex-
istent with the interest of the farmer? These are the fun- peoses of the whole farm with the price received of the land-
damental principles which I wish to bring out, and with this ford, " 1 have," said he, " for this purpose, analysed the ex-
primary view it is that I ask for a Committee at your penses of a farm of 400 acres, 230 arable, 170 pasture.
hands. -(Cheers.) Now with regard to other monstrous arish and county-rates, 90e -
interest of capital, 150/. ;
fallacies with which the farmers have been beset and latterly labour, 380/..,_ tradesmen's bills, 80/. ; manure and lime,
more so than ever, the Committee I ask for would elicit the 70/.; wear and tear of horses, 20/. ; making altogether
truth upon them, and also upon other most important questions. for expenses, 790/. - the rent being SOU 1 "
The farmer has been told that if there was a free trade in corn, So that in this farm, which is fairly cultivated, the rent is
corn will be so cheap that he will not be able to carry on. 8001., and the other expenses 1901. Now if it require 553. per
He is directed only to look at Dantzic, where corn quarter, on an average year, to enable the tenant former to pay
is selling at 15s. lid. per quarter, and on this the rent and make 150/. profit, it is obvious that without any
the Essex Protection Society put out their circu- rent he would be able to pay labourers and tradesmen the
lara, stating that Dantzic wheat in England is but lbs. same amount out of a price of 30s. per quarter. But Ido not
lid. per quarter, and how would the British farmer contend anticipate that wheat will ever fall below 455. per quarter-
ittfainst this.-(A laugh.) Now I maintain that these state- by means of free trade." Now that is a very important state-
elits
are not very creditable to the parties who propagate such ment of a very competent judge -(Cries of " Name.") It is
nonsense, nor to the understandings of the farmers who listen Mr. Lagett, of R • Grange, near Worthing. Allow me
to and believe these.-(Laughter.)The uginton
truth, I suppose, now to state to the House what is the best way to calculate
is what all men desire to
easily be disabused on arrivethis and
at. Now the. farmer will very what proportion rent bears to the expense . .of cultivating farms
otherpoints, if you will grant -what amount of produce the farmer sells in the market-and
me the Committee I seek, for there
in our statements by the we shall be governed what amount of money he brings • home from the mar-
tests of experiences" and ket, and what proportion of that money goes to the
not by the , mere predictions of • . - to consider the sub- -
We know what the price has beets inth Interested partisans, to the landlord for rent. That is the wa
the trade is free. These islands send corn to htointithetsl Islands !Atli- jest. You have not to count themoney laid out in seed, corn,
outo of these. i
they receive foreign corn duty free.-(Hear, hear.)c°untrygietri and manure, because taxes were never paid Committee,
b a witness who
know of no better test of what the price of corn in this am prepared to prove before the 3'
tat one half of their
country would be in a state of free trade than the prices in shall be depuled by the Lothian farmers,
theproduce goes to the landlord,of every 525. per quarter of
island of Jersey furnish, taken for a number of years, tom. e.. •
out
d but twenty-six shillings '
prising, a cycle of high and low prices in that country. we wheat 265. ; also that if they had
per quarter for their wheat, and the land rent
know that the fluctuation of prices in that country embrace free, t h ay
the fluctuations o f the whole of Europe, and therefore I thinkey would do as well, P e as much wages,
be as well off
we could have no better test of what the effect of free trade and everybody about their establishment would
as the can be •and receiving 525. per
now when paving rent
upon prices
would be here.. We have papers on the table I believe - - -opposite and on this
quarter. many Hon. Gentlemen
showing what the prices of corn were I'n Jersey in the ten •
The
years, from 1832 to 1841, inclusive. average price side of the house have never entered into calculations of what
proportion of rent goes to the quarter of corn. The way to
was in those ten years 48s. 4d. What do you calculate is this_ witof corn do you sell every year
at quantity
think was the average price in your own markets, of the whole f i. if all their produce
o your arms
in those years? It was 565. Bd.-(Hear, hear.) Now, I

was turned into wheat ? I will make that calculation
I have often told you my own opinions, and 1 have taken the
opinions of men who have taken great pains in investigating
the subject for months past, in their respective circles, and I
have arrived at the conclusion that farmers, upon the average,
don't have a sale per annum more than, equivalent to 10 buThels
of wheat for any acre they rent, so that in LOO acres there
would not be more than 5,000 bushels, and yet half of the
produce of the price of wheat goes in the shape of rent to the
landlord.

(LEFT SPEAKING.)