The Sun.
London, England, 1844-01-19 00:00:00

eyed Celts, an Irishman; one too, who, when only about twelve inhabitants." This was followed by a resolution of confidence
years of age, received a wound on his cheek; the mark of which in Mr. O'Connell. I beg here to deny there is any analogy
continued ever after, from a Brutish brute, whose boots the high- between the period of 1782 and the present position of Ireland.
souled boy refused to clean. Tee firmness of the child on that When the volunteers came to the resolution that none but the
occasion surpasses anything we ever read of. The brute of a King, Lords, and Commons of Ireland could make laws to
British officer, for we cannot call him by any other name, corn. bind this country, Ireland was not then represented in the
mended Jackson's brother, who was somewhat older than Jackson English Parliament, nor did a union exist between this country and
himself, in the first instance to take up his boots and clean England; therefore there is no analogy between the state of
them. This the manly boy refused, alleging that he would per- Ireland in 1782, and the present period. I therefore im-
form no menial service, as he was the sore of a gentleman. peach these resolutions as illegal. I have gone through, I
What did the cold-blooded English miscreant then do He am afraid, at very great length, the circumstances connected with
ran him through with his sword, killing him, of course, dead these meetings, and I now beg to call to your recollection the
on the spot! The next step of this dog was to order Jackson charge on which the traversers stand indicted. It is for a con-
himself, with his slaughtered brother bleeding before him, to spiracy to excite disaffection and discontent amongst her Majesty's
take the boots and clean them. No, was the manly Irish subjects, and against the Government as at present by law esta-
child's reply, you may murder, but you shall not dishonour Wished, and I now ask you if I prove what I have read to you
or degrade me. Then it was that he received from the whether you can have any doubt that the defendants had
Cromwell-minded ruffian the wound upon his cheek. conspired to excite discontent and disaffection amongst
Why do we recal these things now ? We will confess that we the different classes of society in these kingdoms, and
have more reasons than one for doing so. The first is, that the if I establish this to your satisfaction it will be your
deeds of our illustrious countryman, as in the funeral oration of bounden duty to find the traversers guilty. Another psi t
Mirabeau over Franklin, should be recounted at his death. The of the charge was a conspiracy to sow discontent in the army,
second is a desire we have to point out to Irishmen—aye, and to especially that class denominated the non-commissioned officers.
Englishmen too—that although he exhibited such generalship at Having taught them, by the demonstration of force, to endeavour
New Orleans, he was only a lawyer, not having served his app,en. to awe the Government to grant what are the objects of those
ticeship as a hireling to the committing of murder like Wellington. who are the advocates of the rtpeal of the Union, they went
Vs e cannot help remarking again, by way of warning to those who on, step by step, to carry out, if possible, their objects—to
threaten us with aggression, that Jackson was only a lawyer. O'Con. dismember the empire. It was then determined, as in 1797,
nell is one too. The former surprised the British by attacking to endeavour to alienate the minds of the army, to
them twice in the night. So might the latter, were he driven create disaffection among them, and more especially among
to it, especially as darkness equalises undisciplined with disci- the non-commissioned officers; and this was done by a refer-
plined men, throwing the advantage, if any, in favour ence to the revolution in Spain. A portion of the charge
of the former, the pike being, from the distinctive is that they conspired to cause large numbers of persons to assent-
peculiarity of its shape,
,the weapon best adapted for night. ble at different times, and at different places, to obtain, by means
We do not mention these things because we are anxious for of intimidation, and by the means of physical force, alterations in
an outbreak, but because we wish to prevent it. The best the laws, and in the Constitution of this realm, and by this meats,
way to preserve peace is to show that we are prepared for war, to accomplish the dissolution of the legislative union. In the
for even bulls, when they find that they are equally matched, opening of this case I think I pointed out that to render those
have the sagacity to be civil to, and shy of, each other." meetings illegal it was not necessary to suppose that any
The publication contains various other observations, which I shall immediate apprehension was to be entertained from
not detain you by reading. I shall not repeat the observations of them. The meetings were urged to disperse quietly ;
this moral instructor of the people, who says we are to use the pike but lam satisfied that there was an ultimate object when the orgas
by night as themost useful instrument. I shall not endeavour by nesation was complete, and when every Repeal Warden had his
any comment to take away from the force of the observations. The instructions brought into operation. I believe it was then in•
Learned Gentleman then called attention to a proclamation signed tended, to use the language of Mr. Barrett, " that Ireland should
'F. M. Ray, for the holding of arbitration courts, and having ob- stamp her foot, and that Repeal must be granted.'' And whether it
served on their tendency to supersede all the courts of law and was the intention of the. defendants, by inflammatory speeches and
petty sessions throughout the country, proceeded to notice the publications, to make an actual outbreak ornot afterwardsis nut ma•
monster meeting at Mullaghmast. The best calculation of the terial tothe subject. I have to tell you that for their offence hey are
numbers present on that occasion was '250,000, and Mr. O'Con. indicted tor, amisdemeanour, and which subjects them to fine and
nell stated at a dinner that there was a million present. The imprisonment; and it is necessary that you should believe that
Rath of Mullaghmast was selected as the place for this nsu:titu. those meetings were held for the purpose of overawing the Legis-
dinous meetin of physical force, for the reason assigned by Mr. lature, and by the demonstration of physical force and general
O'Connell—'• We are on the precise spot which English treachery, organisation throughout the country—not to get the Repeal of the
aye, and false Irish treachery, caused massacre unequalled in the an- Union by means of the constituted tribunals of the country, both
nals of crime, until the massacre 01 the Mamelukes by Mehemet Houses of Parliament—but that their intention was to (NO-
AH." This spot was selected then, wills the view of inflaming the awe the Legislature. That is illegal ; for it is imposs
minds of the people of this country, who, if they had been left alone, sible to carry on the Government of the country if
and not misguided and misinformed on the subject, would naturally any alteration were made in the law of the land—not
be obedient to the laws. Gentlemen, a document was handed about by the representatives of the people, but by the people them'
at that meeting., by a person who said it had been printed ex. selves, and by the means of physical force. Mr. O'Connell
pressly for all well-wishers to their country; and at the desire himself mentioned, in his speech at Mullaghmast, his anxiety that
of Mr. O'Connell, groups of the country people were observed at there should be no outbreak ; but while that might have been his
different parts 01 the field, listening to the people who were desire, he might not be able, as he suggested himself, to control the
reading this docuineut to them. Under the apprehension people when excited, considering the extent to which they Might
that the language from the platform, inflaming the people, have been excited. We have all reason to rejoice there was n°might not be heard throughout every portion of the vast outbreak from this agitation; that they did not incur the
assemblage, the course was adopted of printing and ex- misery of a contrary course, arising from riot or disturb"
tensively circulating, and reading for those who could not read, ance ; but that does not take away from the illegality of the
a document of the most inflammatory description. The circular proceeding. If it was intended to organise the people a°
is headed thus:—" A Full and True Account of the Dreadful that the government of the country could not be conVes
Slaughter and Murder at Mullaghmast on the Bodies of Four niently carried on, but that they must dictate to the Government
Hundred Roman Catholics." At the meeting to which I refer, the course they should pursue, that would render their proceeding°
flags were displayed. One was a motto to this effect, " Ireland illegal, and subject the traversers to a misdemeanour. Mr. O'Cone
for the Irish, arid the Irish for Ireland;" on another, Ireland nell did not foresee what occurred at Mullaghmast, " when that
must be a nation;" and on another, " Repeal ;'' and Mr. O'Con_ sickly dream came over him." He was afraid they had been
nell, looking at some men with an inscription on their hats, wound up to too great an extent; but whether he had intended
said he was proud to see his own police, and hoped he should or not that they should go so far—that at no future meeting
shortly see no other police in Ireland. Mr. O'Connell went, at.. they should have recourse to physical force—l again
tired in his scarlet robes, and on the platform a cap was presented distinctly state that the combination and conspiracy
to Mr. O'Connell, which, according to the statement of some of the are equally illegal on the present indictment, which ie
defendants in this case was embroidered, and ornamented with gold one of misdemeanour, charging the defendants with endea'
to correspond with an Irish Crown that had been preserved in vouring to affect alteration in the law by unconstitutional means'
Trinity College Museum. The cap was placed on Mr. O'Connell's There is another part of this conspiracy relating to the arbitratias
head, amidst the most enthusiastic cheering ; and although courts, which you have already heard. I may also tell you tbst
everything that was stated could not be heard by every- with respect to a con: piracy of this kind, although I believe that
body at the meeting, the cap was seen by all, all the parties are intimately connected with each other, it is not
Gentlemen, the same day a dinner took place in a pavilion erected necessary for the purpose of a verdict of " guilty" that you
at the Rath of Mullagmast. You will recollect that on this rash should come to the conclusion that the defendant°
—bear that always in mind—according to the statement circulated are guilty of every portion of it. It is sufficient that rni
on the occasion, some Irish chieftains load been invited to a repast ; should be of opinion that they are guilty of any part 0
and that there they had been massacred. We therefore understand it. And though I believe we shall be able on the part of the
Crown to prove every portion of it, yet that is not a::
the meaning of the figures in that pavilion—of an Irish
solutely necessary. Having detained you and the Court at aleb
harp without the crown, and of an Irish wolf.dog, with
the motto_s, No more shall Saxon butchers drihis blood for great length), and not myself being very able to sustain a statement
their repast—the dog is watching—he is roused, and treachery is
much longer, I shall conclude the observations which I have taken
expelled from Mullaghmast." There was another expressive the liberty to address to you respecting this case in the language t
motto used on the canoe occasion—" Mullaghmast and its Martyrs the same eminent judge, Chief Justice Burton, whose language
—a Voice from the Grave." At that dinner Mr. O'Connell, Mr. thought necessary to cite in another part of the case. " I will
John O'Connell, Mr. Ray, Mr. Steele, Mr. Barrett, and Dr. Gray conclude," said his Lordship, "by calling attention L"
were present—six of the traversers. John O'Connell, Esq , was in all that it is in our power to do, and that is our duty'
the chair, and as chairman he spoke as follows : Let us do that firmly and temperately. I say tern-
" I do not, because I cannot, anticipate that, in any perately, for in agitated times it is hard to preserve
phase of circumstances, the toast I ant now to give will be an equal balance of mind." Having inculcated the
received otherwise than well by Irishmen—it is the health of the necessity of an impartial and unbiassed discharge of their duties!
Queen. Whatever may happen, her throne in Ireland is se. his Lordship said,—" Let us therefore co-operate in our severs
cure. When, the other clay, we distinguished between the vain departments in carrying into execution tae several laws of It;
arid babbling words that were tut into her mouth, we distinguished country, in the grand jury-room, in the petty jury-box, and en th
well between the Monarch and the Ministers; and we would make bench. Let us enter into a covenant with ourselves to ineeate',
the same distinction as clearly and as well, were bloody deeds gate every charge, so as to ensure the punishment of the guiltYl
and hard blows to be attempted. Her Minis:ers may fix her and the acquittal of every roan who is innocent, and of
throne amidst bloody fields, and blazing cities, and slaughtered glv"
uilt there is no proof."
that
corpses. Let them take care that the ruddiest stream 'flowing The SOLICITOR-GENERAL thought it necessary to intimate
might not be their own blood, anel the brightest anti fiercest la
the examination of the first witness would occupy a considerable tinwe
might not be from the strongholds from which they now insult the The Court was, at twenty minutes past four, adjourned until ten
Irish people. Whatever they do, whatever they threaten, we will o'clock to-morrow.
go on ; and so sure as there is a heaven above us we will establish
her throne here among a peaceful, a happy, and a contented people
—' The Queen, God bless her.' "
On the 2.1 of October another meeting of the Association teak
place, at which Mr. O'Connell repeated his declaration that the
Queen could summon an Irish Parliament in Dublin. On the
3d October another meeting of the Association took place, at which
Mr. O'Connell, Mr. John O'Connell, Mr. Ray, Mr. Steele, Mr.
Duffy, the Rev, Mr. Tierney, and Dr. Gray were present.
At the meeting to which I have been referring, Mr. Steele made a
speech which shall be fully proved. It has been stated that that
speech never was spok en although it was published at the
time in the newspapers of three of the defendants, and their
own reporters who were present can, if they wish to call
them, disprove what I say. But I prophesy that not one
of those reporters will be called to contradict the charge.
And, Gentlemen, if they question the accuracy of our re-
porter, let them compare notes with their own, and there will be
found nut the slightest material difference. They say that it
is all imagination, that there was no meeting at Mullaghmast,
and that the swearing is all corrupt. Why now in the esta-
blishment of criminality I would just as soon take the report of
the newspapers as our own ; and I ask you, Gentlemen, when
you ascertain that, and find that they do trot bring forward one
of their own reporters, to consider the probability of their state..
ments.

------- _ _
,VOLCANIC ERUPTION AT TILE SANDWICH ISLAIO9;
—We have been favoured with the following extraf„
from a letter from the Rev. Titus Coan, dated Ili::
(Sandwich Islands), May 16, 1843 :—" God is not oulJ
working wonders in the moral and civil, but al°
in the physical world around us. You have,
heard of the great volcanic eruption near 00
station in 1840. Another scene of a similar kind has re'.
cently taken place about the same distance from us, but
in a different direction, and directly in the rear of our
station. On the 10th of January of the present year, .I°s
at the dawn of day, we discovered a rapid disgorge,
;
ment of liquid fire from near the summit of 1.1011,
Loa, at an elevation of fourteen thousand feet abry
the sea. This eruption increased from day to
for several weeks, pouring out vast floods of fiery ly
which spread down the side of the mountain, e:I/fie
flowed off in broad and burning rivers, throwing a toll
glare upon the heavens, and filling those lofty mountain,
ous regions with a sheen of light. This spectacle e°,.o
tinued from week to week without any abatement, till the
molten flood had progressed 20 or 30 miles down lAs
side of the mountain, and across a high plain, wilh„-s
stretches between the bases of Manna Loa and Iqoll',o-
Kea. It was not till after many weeks that I was ablei
visit this scene of terror and of sublimity. At leogt,l,-1
in company with Mr. Paris, the missionary for
a station south of made the attempt. he,
penetrated through a deep forest, stretching
tween Hilo and the mountain, and reached. :th
molten stream as it flowed over those vast and 11';t0
regions lying at the base of the mountain. Here
were able to approach the fiery stream and dip up Ilia
cool its burning fluid, as we would approach the bfolol,
of a river and take of its waters. From this we id
lowed the stream to the top of the mountain, and f°ll
its source in a vast crater, amidst the eternal snowsise
those wild and desolated regions. Down the sides oft 1,,
mountain the lava had now ceased to flow upon the stic`ti
face ; but it had formed for itself a subterranean cilliet
at the depth of fifty or a hundred feet. This uneil
was encased with vitrifaction, as smooth as glass,,:ieg
down this fearful channel a river of fire was I'osPthe
at the rate of fifteen or twenty miles an hour, froni
summit to the foot of the mountain. This subterraolf,
stream we saw distinctly through several large elle%
tures in the sides of the mountain, while the bUrndieg
flood rushed fearfully beneath our feet. Our ster the
above it was like standing upon ice on a river, while et.
liquid flood flows under your feet. Our visit we9t
attended with peril and inconceivable fatigue, bu plf
never regretted having made it, and we returned cleefol
affected with the majesty, the sublimity, the powered
the love of that God who " looketh on the earth lose
trembleth, who touches the hills and they smoke; Ic tbe
presence melts the hills, and whose look causes to)
mountains to flow down."— Auburn (United Sta
Journal.
GRAVESEND.—DISCOVERY OF A PAPAL S
PL,ade
On Thursday week some workmen, while trenching at
street, dug up a leaden seal, once attached to a raPa' 11:4
bearing on one side the name of the Pope Johannes i St•
xxiii, in Roman capitals, and on the reverse the heads °deaf
Peter and St. Paul, rudely designed and coarsely e%ec-etaft
and above them the letters SPA. SPE. (Sanctus Pabst
Sanctus Petrus.) The seal is now in the possession ol fter,
erudite member of the Numismatic Society, W. C`„"
Esq., of the Ordnance-office, Gravesend. It iS
the size of a twopenny piece; is in beautiful Pre:ear
tion • and has an opening between the two faces, t.,
whet ;t. It
which the parchment strings were thrust,
was suspended to the original instrument, now entirelYEa
snay be observed, that to seal with metal was reckoned noo olf
lustrious privilege ; consequently seals or bulls were c°,,w ~,e0;
affixed to the Roman Pontiffs' solemn public instruct'
sometimes impressed in lead and sometimes in Rol"' Whirh
seals varied in form till Urban 11., about 1088, =ince cart'
time they have remained as described above. Dr. obi
.dv
says the leaden seals with the Pope's name only are 25 thr"
Sylvester; but the images of Peter and Paul not earlier, wit),
Adrian IV., who lived in 1153, some say, corninencetioleo
Pascal 11. Brief was the term applied to the papal aCtl,i,ber
with wax, with the impress of a circle, called the
man's Ring."—Maidstone Gazette. Doe
FOLKESTONE.=The improvements of this pl"c.ecavti'
been for two or three weeks nearly at a stand-still, bu'',,orl,"
derable activity is again evinced in the progress of the, -traf
and a good number of hands are employed on the brawn, or
road from the station to the harbour, which is raP:',;toril
proaehing completion. The clearing out of the mud at
th
from the bed of the harbour is finished, and the dello
water much increased, but this has had a serious effect esusr;,,
creasing the shingle bank at the mouth, which haes_,:pg tPy,
considerable obstruction to vessels entering or or./
port. The Company, however, intend to carry out tlt,,,,se
with spirit, and a large space is laid out for the P0,1y,,,,;111;
forming a capacious backwater bay, the effect of eslile".., Mt eff,
to prevent the bar from forming at the month.
(It; this, if,
about to be applied for to enable the Company tn house to
to
which notice has been given to the isihabitants of 500 ,reej,
the lower part of Folkestone, the whole of which housl'.:iplel jo
be taken down. The new harbour house is nearly Ote"wee,,o%
It is a handsome building, surmounted by a stpinEn ow hr
la
which an illuminated clock with four faces is l! reeet.
placed. The lawn in front of the Pavilion has hte%
laid out, and well turfed down, which gives it a gay' an f
ful appearance.— Maidstone Gazette. the
A GreesueNr. COOL YANKEEISM.--The by _fr,
of the lauding of the Pilgrim Fathers was eelebrat,ellt.
r,New England Society," in New York, on the oaf
Aldam, the member for Leech', was amongst tl,e recur for
had his health proposed by Mr. Webster, for which '',oers ids
suitable thanks. It is a custom at American public
ho tellono
the guests to volunteer occasional toasts; amongst td,i, we eat
followed the health of the Hon. Member fur ,Le,e, by s
the following, proposed, according to the report The ,ons
whose name we are sorry we could not learn n rosier
Sidney Smith and his' Pennsylvania Bonds--"e-iate4l3
dabble in stocks, they are sure to be turned in t° ive
stocks." •
t GO' ,teri_AY
RETIREMENT OF SIR HENRY -e for-
learn, on good authority, that Mr. Davis, wof P- ,ry
eilt
acted for a short time as successor to tb,%yernalre.
Napier in China, has been selected by the uO,O 13.,.e!0r
to relieve Sir Henry Pottinger as the Queelony Of
sentative and Governor of the new British co his blips,
Kong. Mr. Davis will depart very shortly ,
important mission by the overland route.
Paper.

The Learned Gentleman, after reading reports of speeches and
proclamations, amounting to six or seven columns, thus concluded:
—On the 30th of September there appeared the following
advertisement In the Nation newspaper:—" Repeal Cavalry
Clontart Meeting —The Committee for ;this great national demon.
stration, being apprised of the intention of many Repeaters to ap.
pear mounted at Conquer-hill, Clontarf, recommend the following
rules to be observed for the regulation of the cavalcade at this
first muster and march of the mounted Repeal Volunteers. First—
All mounted Repeaters of the city, or from the south and west
side of the county, to muster on the open ground, Harcourt.
street fields, on Sunday, the Bth of October, at twelve o'clock
at noon, and form into troops, each troop to consist of twenty-
five horsemen, to be led by one officer in front, followed by
six ranks, four abreast, half distance, each bearing a wand
and cockade distinguishing the number of his respective troop,
Second—The regulation wand, and cockades will be furnished
by the Committee to such gentlemen of the city or county as shall
apply and be approved of to lead each troop. Third—That no
person shall be permitted to join the cavalcade without a cockade
and wand, and that until one troop is complete, no second troop
be formed.—N.B.—The Committee will make the neces-
sary arrangements, to prevent delay or confusion, at the
Turnpike-gates. Fourth—Each hors.eman to take and keep
the place assigned to him on joining his troop, and remain
in rank until dismissal of the parade in the meeting-
field. Fifth—That such troops as shall have formed by half-past
twelve o'clock, do proceed in their order, at slow time, by the fol.
lowing route :—liarcourt-street, Stephen's-green west, Grafton-
street, Westmorland-street, Sackville-street, Britain-street, Sum-
mer-hill, llallybough.bridge, Clontarf-road. Sixth—The mounted
Repeaters from the northern parts of the county, to muster and
form, as above described, at the southern extremity of the
Howth-road, and bring up the rear of the Dublin cavalcade
to the meeting-field, Conquer-hill. Seventh—That the Chair.
man and members of the Committee, bearing wands and cockades,
do form the mounted staff in advance, and that the muster, march,
and parade et the meeting-field, shall be under their sole order
and direction, until dismissed after the proceedings of the meet-
ing have commenced. Eighth—That the horsemen on the meeting
ground shall keep a proper distance from the platform, so as not to
incommode those attending on foot ; and it is earnestly requested,
on the other hand, that no obstruction or interruption will be of-
fered to the cavalcade by those on foot or in vehicles, so that the'
order and regularity of the march may be preserved. God save
the Queen. Mount for Repeal. March for Clontarf." That ad.
vertisement appeared on the 30th September; and I have already
stated that a meeting of the Association took place on the 9d
October, at which meeting Mr. O'Connell was present. That was
on the Monday after the Mullaghmast meeting, and on that occa.
sion Mr. O'Connell said, " I saw with great surprise, a para.
graph which has appeared in the newspapers. It was
a good quiz, but it ought not to have been printed.
It' is hardly necessary that I should warn the Asso-
ciation not to have anything to do with it. It is likely
the gentlemen on horseback will be present at the meeting, and
they will of course observe the most perfect order, so as not to
trample oil the people." No doubt Mr. O'Connell thought it
would be more discreet not to have the matter printed—but what
was the course the Association adopted ? Instead of disavowing
the advertisement, that which Mr. O'Conneli had designated
a quiz,, they copied it themselves, substituting " groups " for
" troops," and striking out all the other military allusions. The
Learned Gentlemen, after adverting to the opinion of Lord Ten-
terden in reference to advertisements such as that which ap.
peared in the Freeman and Nation newspapers relative to the Clon.
tarf meeting, said, there can be no doubt that the advertisement
which he would read for them was illegal. On the 6th of Oc-
tober, the Pilot, Mr. Barrett's paper, published an article headed
" The Battle of Clontarf." This excitable article appeared on the
Friday previous to the intended meeting at
_Clontarf. On the Sa.
turday a letter appeared in the Nation, which recommended the
use of Irish names to places that were now called by Saxon ones,
You are aware, Gentlemen, that the meeting which was to
have been held at Clontarf, and which was to have
been the first of five or six monster meetings, as an.
pounced by Mr. O'Connell, was proclaimed, and did nut
take place ; and my belief is, that it did not take place, because the
promoters of it were conscious of its illegality. On the following
day, however, the 9th October, a meeting took place in Calvert's
Theatre, at which Mr. O'Connell, Mr. John O'Connell, Mr.
Ray, Dr. Gray, Mr. Steele, the Rev. Mr. Tyrrell, and other
Repeaters were present. I don't think it will be necessary
for me to advert to the speech of the Rev. Mr. Tyrell,
except so far as regards that part of it which intro.
duces the very important resolution which I am going to
read for you. The Rev. Gentleman said, " They would
not let us meet yesterday, and we have come here to-day
to propose the resolutions to this meeting that would Lave
been proposed for the adoption of the meeting yesterday if it
had come off. I will read the resolutionS, and thus I will place
them in the hands of our excellent chairman, who will propose them
to you for your adoption. He then handed the resolutions to Mr.
John O'Connell, who read them. They were as follow:—That
this meeting, highly approving and coinciding in the principles
and spirit of the Leinster declarations for Repeal, as pro-
nounced at Mullaghmast, do now adopt the following resolu.
lions. Resolved—That this meeting hereby declares its devoted
loyalty to the person and throne of her gracimis Majesty Queen
Victoria, Queen of Ireland, and its determination to uphold and
maintain inviolate all the prerogatives of the Crown as guaranteed
by the Constitution. Resolved,—That we, the clergy, gentry,
freeholders, and other inhabitants of Fingal, in public meeting
assembled, declare and pronounce, in the presence of our country
before Europe and America, and in sight of Heaven, that
no power on earth ought of right to make laws to bind this
kingdom save the Queen, Lords, and Commons of Ireland;
and here, standing on the ever-memorable field of Clontarf,
the kMarathon of Ireland, we solemnly pledge ourselves to
use every constitutional exertion to free this, our native land,
from, the tyranny of being legislated for by others than its own