The Sun.
London, England, 1845-04-21 00:00:00

derived from the unestimated profit of the Railway on an
average of three years.
Adjourned to Twelve o'clock to-morrow.

TATTERSALL'S.—THIS EVENING.
six O'CLOCK.
TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS STAKES.
6 to 5 agst Idas
7 to 2 agst John Day's lot.
4 to 1 agst any other.
CHESTER CUP.
9 to 1 agst Obscurity
10 to 1 agst Semiseria
10 to 1 agst Ould Ireland
16 to 1 agst Era
20 to 1 agst Portrait
20 to 1 agst Trueboy
25 to 1 agst Winee.our
30 to 1 agst Ratan

DERBY.

5 to 1 agst Idas
9 to 1 agst Alarm
12 to 1 agst Weatherbit
16 to 1 agst Pam
20 to 1 agst Clear-the-Way
25 to 1 agst Winehelsea
25 to 1 agst Pantasa
30 to 1 agst Old England

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS,

FROM TUE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
GLOBE.—Whenever Lord John Russell shall bring on for
discussion his Resolutions touching the condition of the
Labouring Classes (which stand at present for the IQt of
May), we hope the House of Commons will be induced to
give to the whole subject a fair and earnest discussion. In the
entire range of English politics there is no question more
vitally connected not only with the general welfare of the
State, but with the well-being of every particular interest of
whieh it is composed—than what shall be done during the next
ten years towards elevating and improving the condition of
the great mass of our population ? It may not be easy to
answer it—but it is obvious enough that it must be
answered, and that without much further delay. Taking
only the commercial aspect of the subject—con-
sidering the labouring classes only as they are sub-
servient to the support and advancement of English
commerce, their condition urgently demands, and
affords scope for, very extensive improvement. The minute
and extensive Parliamentary inquiries instituted during the last
few years into the sanatory state of the populous districts in
which our chief manufactures are carried on have made gene-
rally accessible a large amount of new and valuable informa-
tion concerning the merely physical causes in operation affect-
' ing the health, morals, and general intelligence of the
working classes ; and we believe that among those
I whose attention has been directed to the results of these
inquiries, no doubt is now entertained, that, indepen-
dently of all other measures, the condition of by far
the greater portion of the inhabitants of these districts
admits of very material improvement by the adoption
only of arrangements for the better construction, cleansing,
and lighting of their dwellings, and supplying them more
efficiently with air and water, Serious difficulties, It will be
said, present themselves in the application of these new ar-
rangements. This, of course, must be anticipated. There
are difficulties in the way of every great im-
provement. The first and greatest will, in this case,
probably be found even in the habits and prejudices
of the labouring classes themselves ; and others may
arise from an occasionally necessary interference with rights
of property found to be identified with the continuance of old
arrangements. But there is nothing in these, or in any other
obstacles which can be fairly anticipated in doing what is
most clearly expedient for the improvement of our large towns
and populous districtsts, which ought to stand in the way of
an immediate commencement of practical measures. Free
trade—emigration—education—have each their special op-
ponents upon grounds more or less tangible, and, for one
reason or other, perhaps, not easily dealt with ; but it is not
very likely that any influential class or party will be found
to offer any serious opposition to the better lighting,
cleansing, and ventilating of the working man's dwell-
ing. It is, we believe, only necessary for the middle and
upper classes to earnestly devote some little time and
attention to the subject in the exercise of the Legislative au-
thority, imperial and municipal, which has been placed in
their hands for the benefit of all, in order to carry into effect,
within a few years, every one of the recommendations hi-
therto offered to the Legislature by the Health of Towns
Committee. It is the more important to direct public atten-
tion to this portion of the physical aspect of the condition of
the labouring poor, as it has evidently not yet received
nearly the consideration it merits. Not only is defective
sewerage, ventilation, and cleanliness constantly marked by
the prevalence of fever among these subjected to its in-
fluence, but it is productive of indirect effects upon the
social economy of the population, which, though
less obvious, are still more important and extensive in
their operation. It is now established beyond doubt, that,
chiefly from this class of causes, the lives of labourers and
artisans are commonly shorter by one-fourth, er even
one-third, than those of the classes comparatively
exempted from them. And during life, besides the
suffering endured by the individuals, a large additional
burden is thrown upon charitable institutions, hospi-
tals, and dispensaries—whilst the early death of
parents leaves a great number of children without a
natural guide or protecter, diminishes their chance of
receiving a proper training, facilitates their falling into
crime, and in some shape or other almost inevitably makes
them a burden on the public. A diminution of bodily health
and vigour tends everywhere strongly to the destruction of
habits of industry, and interferes, with overwhelming in-
fluence, to prevent the development of that intelligence,
independence, and spirit, which the friends of the working
classes of society so much lament their want of. Physical
produces mental depression, and the mind shares the dulness
and apathy forced upon ti!. body. Thus, the lowest stage of
wretchedness is usually accompanied by the least sensibility
to it, and often by an entire absence of desire to escape from
the consequent degradation.

EXCHEQUER.—(THIS DAY.)
(Sittings in Banco.)
THE GREAT REVENUE CASE—THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL r.
SMITH.
At the sitting of their Lordships this morning,
THE SOLICITOR-GENERAL said he had to show cause
against a peremptory rule obtained by his Learned Friend,
Mr. Kelly, for a writ of distringas, commanding the
Sheriff of Middlesex, on or before the 22d day of April,
to take five or more of the gentlemen who were
to form the special jury on Wednesday in the important case
of the Attorney-General v. Smith, over the defendants' ex-
tensive distillery in Whitechapel, for the purpose of examin-
ing the works and mach nery. Now he had the greatest
objection to such a course. and, if it was granted in this in-
stance, it could not be refused in others.
The Lonn CHIEF BARON—The first question is, whether
the court have power to grant the application, if the Crown
refuses its assent.
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL was of opinion that the court had
not the power.
The LORD CHIEF BARON—There have been cases of a jury
going to look at a horse, or a house, but that was by consent
of parties.
Mr. Baron ALDERSON—Does the Crown object to the jury
viewing the premises?
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL-4'es certainly, my Lord.
The LORD CHIEF BARON—Then, under these circum-
stances, I am convinced the Court has no authority, by
statute or common law, to make the order. When a rule nisi
was granted, it was only granted on the supposition that the
Crown would not object.
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL—The jury will have the model
explained to them on the trial, and it will only confuse their
minds if they see the premises, and he believed there was no
necessity for such an application.
Mr. F. KELLY exceedingly regretted that there should be
any opposition to this motion, as he considered it only fair
and reasonable. Ile certainly was not prepared with any
authority bearing on the case, but in a celebrated horse cause,
not long since, the Learned Judge suggested that " Running
Rein," the winner of the Derby, should be produced for the
inspection of the jury.
The Sol-lawn-GENERAL—Yes, but the horse was net
produced.
Mr. Baron ALDERSON—And the principal object in the
case referred to was, for the witnesses to have an opportunity
of identifying the horse.
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL strongly condemned their appli-
cation to the Court, the evident object of which was to create
a prejudice against the Crown proceedings and in favour of
the defendant.
Mr. F. KELLY urged, at considerable length, that it was a
case in which the Court ouf,ht to grant the order prayed for.
The Lon]) CIIIEF BARON—We are decidedly of opinion
that the Court has not the power to grant the application ;
but, if we had, just on the eve of the trial, it would most
likely be impracticable, and certainly unjust towards the
Sheriff, his officers, and the jury, to call upon them to as-
semble, without reasonable notice. The trial takes place on
Wednesday, and when the jury are in the box, the applica-
tion (if it is thought advisable) can be renewed, and, if
acceded to, they may be accompanied by an officer of the
Court. After considerable discussion the Court refused to
make any order for the jury to view the premises,
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL said there were two other Ex-
cise informations against James George Smith, and bewished
to mention to their Lordships that it was the wish of the
law officers of the Crown that they should be decided by trial
at bar.
The LORD CHIEF BARON—You had better name the subject
again on Wednesday.

IM PERIAL PARLIAMENT.

(THIS EVENING.)

HOUSE OF COMMONS.
The SPEAKER took the Chair at the usual hour.
NEW WRIT FOR DENBIGHSHIRE.
On the motion of Mr. YOUNG, a new writ was or-
dered for the county of Denbigh, in the room of Sir W.
W. Wynn, who had accepted the office of steward
of one of her Majesty's manorial courts in the said
county.
NEW WRIT FOR PEEBLESIIIRE.
On the motion of the same Ho`. AIENBER, a new
writ was ordered for the county of Peebles, in the room
of W. Forbt s Mackenzie, Esq., who had been appointed
one of the Lords of the Admiralty.
The Direct London and Portsmouth Railway Bill was
read a seccnd time.
The Chester and Holyhead Extension Railway Bill
was read a second time.
THE SOUTHAMPTON AM) DORCHESTER

RAILWAY.
On the question being put for the second reading of
this Bill,
Mr. COMPTON moved that the Bill be read a second
time that day six months.
Mr. MACKINNON opposed the amendment. The
Bill was to connect Southampton with Poole and Dor-
chester along the sea coast, and the railway was calcu-
lated materially to benefit the district through which it
would pass. The only objection to the Bill was that the
railway would pass through the New Forest, which was
undoubtedly public property, and should be given for
public purposes.
Captain BARRIS supported the motion.
Mr. G. BANKES regretted that the Board of Trade
had decided in favour of the worst of two lines proposed ;
but rather than have no railway at all he would nor.ote
against the second reading of this Bill.
Mr. F. BARING thought that the Chief Commis-
sioner of Woods and Forests would not oppose a railway
which had been recommended by the Board of Trade if
there were not strong reasons for it.--(Hear, hear.)
Lord O. SOMERSET was understood to explain, in
the absence of his Noble Friend at the head of the
Woods and Forests, that unless some alteration were
made in the Bonilla,
cictowuonutlodfbtehehiisn
j,(;LryortdheLrianiclowlany's)wdouutlyd
to oppose it,
cr,,eagon to the crown lands tbrouull which it would