The Sun.
London, England, 1844-04-25 00:00:00

and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, containing PARLIAMENTARY and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that Hour.

EAST INDIA HOUSE, APRIL 24, 1,344,

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

DEATH OF VICE-ADMIRAL Silt J.
BRENTON, BART.,K.C.B.K
With much regret we give the information, which reached
us on Tuesday morning, of the death of one of the most distin-
guished flag-officers of the British navy, Sir Jahleel Brenton,
Bart., K.C.8., Vice-Admiral of the White, LieuteiiantGo"-
vemor of Greenwich Hospital, &c., who died at Leamington
Spa on Sunday afternoon, in the 74th year of his age. •
Sir Jahleel Brenton entered the service in 1777 ; was made
a Lieutenant on the 22d November, 1790; and as well served
on board the Barfleur in Lord Bridport's action off "Cabe St.
Vincent's; in 1797 (in IN;hich: were also his gallant friends,
two of the Admirals.at the present Beard of Admiralty) ; was
made a Commander on the 3d July, 1799, and -in command
of the Spec 14-gun brig, in that year fought•several gal-
lant actions in the vicinity of Gibraltar; three of the'eneniv's
vesst is he captured during this command near Cli.pii'de Gat,
under a heavy fire of musketry from :the surrounding.las.
In tl e following month of October he .destroyed foi:r of the
enemy's vessels in .a heavy surf, at the time exFosed to the
guns of a fortification and musketry from the beach, and in
the next month, November, • he displayed consurnatate 'skill
and gallantry in beifting off two Spanish selnioners, Wien.
other armed vessels; by these services he won his-post ri:n'r,
which is dated 25tli"April, 1800. He was then selel:CM by Sit
. .
James (afterwards.. de: Sin aaurei as his flag7eaptain,
and in command of. the-Cmsar, distinguished himself. in the
severe action offAlgesiras, of 6th JulyylBol. Subsequently,
in command of the Minerva; when that frigate. t- aground
in a fog, and was list near Cherbourg, he defended'her during
a heavy fire for several hour's, for which unsurpassable gal-
lantry he received the highest praise when iiequitted at a
court-martial for the loss of his ship. In 1807, when in corn
mand of the Spartan frigate, Sir Jahleel assisted in driving
the French garrison out of Pezaro and destroying the castle ;
in the following month assisted in blowiag up the Castle of
Cesaratico, destroying a neighhouring battery, and'compelling
the island of Sussin to surrender ; assisted at the reduction of
Zante and Cephalonia, and particularly distinguished him-
self at the capture of Cerigo, where he was first in command.
These and many other important services did this gallant
officer render in the Adriatic. In the same ship, in 1810, in
concert with the Success, he fought a most gallant action
with and defeated a French squadron in the Bay of Naples,
in which action he was severely wounded. The gallant de-
ceased was created a Baronet on this occasion, and received
other honours, and on the Bth of February, 1811, had a pen-
sion conferred on him of 3001. per annum for the wounds he
had received. He obtained his flag promotion as Rear-Ad-
miral on 22d July, 1830, and as Vice-Admiral Ist July,
1840, and subsequently had another pension conferred upon
him of 3001. per annum for good service; he also received a
grant from the Patriotic Fund. _ _

:I sleepless' indefatigable labourer, whose only
food is a little oil. Not only himself, but his
wife and children, must also yoke themselves
to the work. They run a neck-and. neck race with
want. What a mockery to speak to them of free-
dom! And ob, what bitterness of mockery to tell
them that after Parliament has interfered to protect
the dumb brutes, and also to protect -the women and
children of the colliers, :that they are not to be re-
lieved because it would be an interference with their
liberty!

IIIE COURT of DIRECTORS of the EAST
INDIA COMPANY, do hereby give notice,

That a QUARTERLY GENERAL COURT of the said COMPANY
wi I be held at their House, in Leadenhall-street, on WEDNESDAY,
the 19th Juno next, at Eleven o'clock in ;he forenoo:l..
JAMES C. 31ELVILL, Secretary.

YROI{ TE-2.1 EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
GLOBE.::—We may now, we think, consider our-
selveS as pretty completely justified in the intention
we expressed of calling certain assertions by no other
name than. Ferrands,—although 'there is a name
shorter by one syllable for assertions of the sort we
allude to. On any point, therefore, referring to the
Poor-law or Factory question, whenever an assertion
may be put forth in any quarter, which neither
proof nor probabilityneither document nor fact
of any kind can be brought .to vouch—whenever
an assertion is put forth which no man Of honour
would have .made, without • anything to . adduce
as its ground, or any idea that the only alternative
for a man of honour is to support or retract his words
—to state on what supposed ground he uttered :them,
or apologise for them, as words which should• not
have been uttered—whenever such assertion shall
come before us in future, thus gross, thus unsupported
—we shall be saved a world of trouble in describing

EAST INDIA HOUSE, Aram 24, 1844

THE
,COURT of DIRECTORS of the EAST.
INDIA COMPANY, do hereby give notice,

That the TRANSFER-BOOKS of the said COMPANY'S STOCK
will be SHUT on TuzsDAY,
,the 4th. June, at Lime o'Clock,
and OPENED AGAIN on Turitsniy,.the 11th July ; 'and .
That the WARRANTS for the DIVIDENDS on the Said STOCK,
payable on the 6th July, 1844, tinder" the 11th sec. of the Act 3d and
4th William IV., cap. 85, will be ready to be delivered on that day.
JAMES C. 3IELVILL, Secretary.

RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF ALL.
WAY PROPERTY.
(From the Railwali Chronic./e.)
Every property brings with it duties as well as
rights. It is the general reproach of the holders of
Some kind of property that they exercise; to the ut- ,
termost, all their rights, while their duties, being for-
gotten, are neglected and pass into disuetude: To the
duties of railway proprietors, the public has always
been sensitively alive. All failures in
.speed, regu-
larity, economy, safety, are culled with care by the
public censor, " set in a note-book, conned by
rote, to cast into the teeth " of the great " rail-
way monopolists." "But then their rights
what are they ?" " Rights ! Who ever heard
of the rights of railway proprietors ? Rights!
Why, these monstrous monopolists these
lionaires these speculators what rights have
they 2". They have the right to be. abused, to be
found fault with, to be legislated upon, to be set upon
by Boards of Trade and Select Committees—to carry
her Majesty's mails for nothing—to carry a peasantry
in coaches, for less money than the cost, and less than
half what it costs them to walk—in short, to do as
the public choose! Well, and their pay—surely
these public servants should be paid their hire—have
they not a right to their wages, to compensation for
loans and risks, and expended money and time and.
toil, and all this service ?—they may surely have
their hire and a reasonable profit upon their work ?
" Well, we must think about that—we will consider
of it." "If they are to be paid at all, we must see
that at least they are not too well paid." Be it so.
Then let the rights of railway property be con-
sidered! its duties being already so well understood.
And first let us inquire who these great railway pro-
prietors are, and what they have done for the public.
Are they not the authors of one of the very greatest
boons ever conferred on enterprise and skill, upon
commerce, industry, and social advancement. Have
they not carried through, to a happy issue, one of the
greatest inventions of modern tines—and carried it
through in the face of difficulty, discouragement, and
vast unpopularity ?
Let us see what has hitherto been the general
expression of public feeling towards railways.
The inventor of a new art was deified by the
Greeks and Romans. Are we to advocate an- apo-
theosis of the great, projectors and censtrtwtors OE.
railways ? There seems little fear, in the present
temper of public opinion, of our perpetrating that
folly. Never, perhaps, were such great enterprises
achieved with so little aid from public opinion.
While the experiment was doubtful the attempt
was derided by all who were indifferent, and de-
nounced by all who were prejudiced. Its objects were
assailed by selfish interests, and its resources devoured
by rapacious claims from those whose aid was re-
quired, or whose neutrality had to be purchased.
From the first survey to the final completion of
the line, difficulties of all kinds met the projectors—
local hostility, corporate opposition. The public
looked on ; and if it took part, it was with their op-
ponents ; the Legislature, the Government, afforded
no effectual aid. The promoters fought their way,
step by step; and were received as if, instead of pre-
paring for the country the greatest boon it has re-
ceived in modern times, they had been conspiring to
deface and impoverish it. Sudh, in general (for the
instances of better judgment were mere exceptions),
was the temper with which railway projects were
met in the first stage of their stational existence.
Lamentable enough! but notituaatural. It is the
price which those must be ready to pay who attempt
anything at once great and new." But surely it en-
titles themto enjoy their reware,:.when, in spite of
,these obstacles, their energy ancLperseverance. have
conquered success.
Their efforts had, indeed, been successful ; the in-
vention was found to surpass belief, and the country
saw itself enriched by benefitrwhich the most san-
guine of the projectors had not dared to promise. A
rapidity of transit almost miraculous : a reduction of
expense quite-unexampled; system and uniform ta-
riffs, substituted for irregularity and vulgar extortion
—and with all this a safety (which only the silliest
panic could dispute) hitherto unknown in public
travelling. These were benefits vast, incal-
culable, notorious : experienced by every one
every day. Under any circumstances, they
surely deserved a larger reward ; a larger, if the
real difficulty of the task had been troubled by need-
less hindrances. And how was this reward be-
stowed ? By an universal outcry, so loud and
general, that one might have have thought it had
been raised to denounce some great national
enormity. The directors, the engineers, the
proprietors, the managers of railways were questioned,
and lectured, and worried on every side. Mortified
men, who wanted courage to share in the work, while
it was full of risk—men of habit, averse to new ways
—men of rank and wealth, accustomed to com-
mand wherever they travelled, and impa-
tient of all regulations—superseded rivals 46 who
covered their anger with pretences of public care—
liberals whose wisdom lay in repeating the phrases.
of " monopoly," "competition," and similar words
without ideas—the weak of all classes whom the hub-
bub alarmed—inventors, eager to have their nos-
trums tried, or at least purchased—busy men anxious
to regulate; idle men, wanting to be employed—all
joined in the cry ; while Parliament became
suddenly full of zeal, and the Government itself,
stepping in to meddle where it had not learned
how to mend, after standing aloof when it might
have done good, seemed to sanction the general excite-
ment. Of this, however, a part which was but tem-
porary soon yielded to time :—a part, merely absurd,
was easily exploded by obvious proof; counter attacks
mutually defeated each other • and the main burden
of what now remains, maybe referred to two prin-
cipal heads—the disposition of men in power to inter-
, fere with whatever they feel to be important ; and the
common jealousy which is provoked by success. To
these we shall advert hereafter.

its character, by simply treating it as a "Ferrand."
Ferrand and his friends are, indeed, right worthy of
each other; and we rejoice to have found so succinct
an expression for the style of assertion characteristic
of them as of him. The Times, Post, and Herald are
quite at a loss to imagine howit should be expected
that their valuable friend should justify in one place
what he said in another. Sufficient for the day
is the statement thereof; what Mr. Ferrand said
to operatives at one time, he could not expect
gentlemen to call him to account for at another.
There is something to be said in favour of this view
of the matter; and it has at least the advantage of
setting, for all future time; all assertions of Mr. Fer-
rand (endorsed, as the case may be, by Times, Post,
or Herald) at their just value. Those who like to
take such inconvertible currency may. Ha and they
may fly any more such kites as they think proper;
their reciprocal attestations will henceforth only
make the most predestined dupes. The citation
of Mr. Ferrand's authority will render . quite
harmless anything else that follows ; and . the
broadsides of- the Times and his other confede-
rates will flash a mere brutum fulmen, whenever
they seek to blaze away in future with Ferrands in
lieu of facts. Thank heaven, one " tall bully" at
least may henceforth " lift his head and lie," as un-
challenged as the old original Monument—and for the
same reason. We have always thought it a pity the
old flagrant inscription brazens it out no longer ; and
we should think it a still '.greater pity that Mr. Fer-
rand should henceforth be treated by any one as an
accountable being. There are varieties of vermin
which feed on each other ' • there are newspaper agita-
tions which require such pabulum as the speeches,
and which nourish, in turn, the notoriety of a
Ferrand.

The gallant deceased was the son of the late Rear-Ad-
miral Brenton. He was twice married. His eldest son, Mr.
Launeelot Charles Lee Brenton, who sueceeds to the baro-
netcy, was born in 1807. s

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS AP-
PLIED TO RAILWAYS.

We inspected on Tuesday an electric signal telegraph, just
completed by Messrs. Cook and Wheatstone, intended to be
applied on the Yarmouth and Norwich Railway, which will
be ope:led on the Ist of May, and consists of but one line of
rails. ::,The much greater cheapness .of construction when
railways have only a single way, renders it very desirable
that they should be adopted, if means of working them can
be arranged, to avoid the probability of collision by meeting
trains. This object, is is asserted, can be fully effected by
the aid of the electric telegraph, and the experiment is
about to be tried on a length of twenty miles, from Yarmouth
to Norwich. The telegraphs which-were shown in opera-
tion yesterday, at the rooms of the Society of Arts, in the
Adelphi, are intended to make signals from one station to
another, to communicate the instant that a train starts after
having previously ascertained that the line is clear. These
communications are made with the greatest rapidity, for by
turning the handle placed beneath the apparatus, the
pointer on a dial-plate points to " up" or " down" train,
and a bell is rung at all the stations shnnitaneously, to
give warning that a signal is being transmitted. In addi-
tion to this simple dial-plate, there is what the inventors
call " a speaking telegraph," which has two moveable
hands on the dial that point to letters and figures marked
thereon, and by signals previously arranged any message
may be transmitted from station to station. This telegraph
is in all essential particulars the same as the one that has
been in operation for some years on the Great Western
Railway between Paddington and Slough. In the latter
telegraph, however, there is only one insulated wire required
because there are no intermediate stations ; but in the Yar-
mouth and Norwich telegraphs, six wires will be necessary
for the communications with the different stations. The
action of the telegraph depends on the property of voltaic
electricity to deflect a magnetic needle, and the needle is
deflected to the right or to the left according to the direction
in which the electric current passes. To produce this effect,
voltaic batteries, constantly in action, are placed within each
apparatus. The peculiar advantage of this telegraph is the
rapidity with which the signals can be transmitted, it being
capable of transmitting as many as forty in a minute. This
application of electric telegraphs promises to be of great im-
portance in facilitating, and cheapening, and rendering less.
dangerous locomotion on railways ; we therefore subjoin the
inventor's own description of the mode of operation
" To illustrate the practical working of these arrangements,
under the most difficult circumstances, I will now follow an
express (and therefore unexpected) train in its coursefrom
Norwich to Yarmouth. A fixed time, day five minutes, be:
fore the train leaves Norwich, the superintendent having first
ascertained that the line is clear at the Brandon Junction,
will ring the Brundall alarum. He then turns his Norwich
handle to the left, which movement causes a corresponding
indication by the system of Norwich pointers at all the sta-
tions, and thus informs the clerk at Brundall and the other
stations of the line that an up-train is about to start if the
line is clear. If it be clear, the Bruudall clerk (whose atten-
tion has been called to the alarum) announces the fact by
giving the same signal upon his own compartment. The
train being now ready, the Norwich superintendent gives
the usual order to start, and as the engine moves forward he
restores the handle of his telegraph to its upright position
again. The pointers of the Norwich system then, by becom-
ing vertical, instantly give notice to the other stations that
the up-train has left Norwich,' and is on its way to Brun -
dall. This serves as a warning to the clerk at Reedham, the
station beyond Brundall, to give the signal 'up-train' in his
•
compartment of the telegraph, that the clerk at Brundall
may be prepared to notify to the train upon its approach,
that the line is clear to Reedham.'
Presently the train is
seen approaching Bruudall ; and, if not intended to stop at
that station, leave to proceed is given to the conductor in the
usual way, and the clerk at the same time puts down the
handle of his compartment; whereupon all the pointers of
the Brundall system resume their vertical position, and an-
nounce to the other stations that the 'up-train' has passed
Brundall, and is on its way to Reedham, and the same
routine is repeated as long as the line is clear."

STANDARD.—The unpleasant and unprofitable
scene of Monday night was last night renewed in the
House of Commons. Mr. Ferrand, who, it will be
remembered, made a promise to examine the reports
of the speeches ascribed to him, and then to disclaini
or avow his charges against Sir James Graham and
Mr. Hogg, declared that he had read the reports and
found them faithful, and having reiterated his convic-
tion of the truth of his charges, walked out of the
House. The scene that followed illustrates in a re-
markable manner the extreme impropriety and incon-
venience of the meddling of Messrs. Roebuck, Hume,
and Ward. Mr. Ferrand had made two grave charges,
of the utter injustice of which we are as fully con-
vinced, as we are of Mr. Ferrandiii bonafide sincerity in
advancing them ; but they were charges from their
very nature incapable of specific proof, for who can
establish in evidence the motive of a judge, or trace
from the lips of witnesses the influence of a Mi-
nister? For this reason a cool and discreet man,
which Mr.' Ferrand is not, will carefully ab-
stain from making such charges ; for the same rea-
son a zealous and bold man, which Mr. Ferrand is,
will be prompt to make them and will be
freely forgiven for making them ; and for all these
reason:, such charges rarely do harm to any one,
never to men of such established high character as
the Home Secretary and the Member for Beverley.
This seems to have been the view of the matter

LAME Wl' ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, AND ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c.
.‘ He who ih ple-sure's downy arms
Ne'er lost his health or %outhfulcharms,
A hero lives, and justly can
Exclaim, in me beho d a man !"
Just published fin a sealed envelope). Tenth Edition, price 2s. 6d.,
or sent by post, free, to any address, Ss. 6c1.,
E LF-PRE SE RVATI 0 N : a Popular Essay on
1.:7 those concealed disorders originating in youthful excesses,
and terminating In Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, Indigestion, Insanity, and Consumption. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reprnductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Restoration
By SAMUEL LAMER'''. Consulting Surgeon,
9, Bedford street, Bedford-square, London ,Matriculated Member of
the University of Edinburgh, Honorary Member of the London
Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of Apothecary's Hall, Lon-
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" The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
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through the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
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questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even
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"The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from its title,
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suffbring from nervous debility and general weakness."—Wakefield
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Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
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At home every day till three, and from Five till Eight.

taken by Sir James Graham and Mr. Hogg, who

left the charges of Mr. Ferrand's speech unanswered
and unnoticed, until the officious zeal of Messrs.
Roebuck, Hume, and Ward suggested the policy of
putting them into form as a distinct impeachment,
and bringing that impeachment by a certiorari pro-
cess of their own into the _House of Commons.
This, we say, Messrs. Roebuck, Hume, and
Ward had no right to do, and this we say,
with all respect, the Speaker ought not to have
permitted them to do. The House of Commons
has work enough to do, and duties of sufficiently
high importance to discharge, without looking after
the conduct of its Members out of doors, except where

the laws of the country have pronounced upon that
conduct, or, as in the case of Mr. O'Connell's ~lander,
where some direct attack is made upon the House
itself in its collective character. If Members
are to be followed abroad by- the censorial appa-
ritors of Parliament, in order to compel them to
give
,an account of their reports of other Mem-
bers of whom they may speak, Parliament will
soon have enough to do. There were but few,
if any, of the monster meetings last summer at which
Mr. Daniel O'Connell did not deal out tolerably
coarse and minute charges against Members of both
Houses of Parliament, but we do not remember that
Mr. Roebuck, Mr. Hume, or Mr. Ward, ever thought
it necessary to require the Member for Cork to
repeat those charges in the House of Commons, and
substantiate them by proofs. True, Mr. O'Connell
is a chartered slanderer, and Mr. Ferrand is a man
of honour ; but surely the mistakes of a man of honour
are entitled to as much indulgence as the deliberate
slanders of one of an opposite character ; and one
constantly indulged case opposing it, is decisive
against any rule. We repeat it, then, that Messrs.
Roebuck, Hume, and Ward had no right to
bring Mr. Ferrand's Leeds speech under the notice
of Parliament, and that the Speaker ought
not to have permitted the introduction of the
subject. When, however, the subject was intro-
duced, neither Mr. Ferrand, Sir J. Graham, nor Mr.
Hogg had any choice as to how each ought to act.
Mr. Ferrand ought to avow or to disavow
the speech at Leeds ascrihed to him in the news-
papers. Sir James Graham and Mr. Hogg ought
to • show themselves ready to vindicate their cha-
racters ; and thisis pretty much what has been done.
Mr. Ferrand avows the speech, and being forced
to answer, professes that he adheres to the opinions
conveyed in it. It is, however, going too far
to treat this avowal of the speech and of its
opinions as a pledge to substantiate anything by
evidence. Neither at Leeds, we believe, nor cer-
tainly in the House of Commons, did Mr. Ferrand
give any such pledge. The charges, as we
have intimated, are hardly of the same kind
that admit of specific proof; and were they dif-
ferent, the House of Commons has too often ex-
pressly, by implication, and by an unhappy prac-
tice, condemned itself as a judicial tribunal for
any man to look for a just judgment from it,
more especially in a matter in which strong
party feeling must have place. It is unjust,
therefore, to treat Mr. Ferrand as one who
flies from an accusation that he has pledged him-
self to support. As to Sir James Graham and Mr.
Hogg, they have acted as might have been ex-
pected from their high spirit, integrity, and
good sense, and from the tranquillity they main-
tained until Messrs. Roebuck, Hume, and Ward
" blew the coal." Sir James Graham lets the matter
rest, and Mr. Hogg seems to have been disposed to
imitate the Right Hon. Baronet, except for an insinu-
tion in the Times of yesterday ; this insinuation our
Contemporary has very handsomely withdrawn this
this morning, and therefore we trust that the business
will go no further, and that Messrs. Roebuck, Hume,
and Ward will be disappointed.

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An Enigma; attempted to be solved by observation on the
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YOUTH—MANHOOD—AGE.
Che il'-concealed imprudence of Youth, the irr solution of zarhood
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on the moral c mmand of the Passions, and on the probable result
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fications to Marriage.
By ROBERT THOMAS CRUCEFIX, M.D.,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Lam:aster-place, Waterloo-bridge. London
IntUs et in cute, novi hominem "—PERSInS.
FXTRACTS FROM TIIE MIMIC PRESS.
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AGE AND Artous.—" It is a work that must be read with interest
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FREE
ppaOrMatmheenLeet OF
LABOUR.
" Why should
(From
li
women, or even to young men and young women, how
long they should work ? Have not these parties sense
enough to refuse doing what they find injurious to
ddiseta Ttiemetso.)grown men and
them ? Ma they not leave their work any day that
suits them ?''
—Leeds Mercury.
"Above all, it should
not be forgot that factory la-
bour is voluntary, not compulsory. No man, woman, or
child need stay in a factory •
a single day longer than he
pleases."—Leeds Mercury.
It is contended by the opponents of a Ten Hours'
Bill, that the interference
of the
matter of this kind is a gross violation of the liber-
ties of the subject ; the advocates of corn-law repeal
especially insisting that the only way of shortening
the hours of labour is to destroy the necessity of
such prolonged drudgery by removing those bur-
dens and restrictions which cripple trade, snaking
labour cheap and provision dear ; while the Leeds
Mercury pressingly insist that all legislative enact-
ment is an interference with freedom of labour, and
that Parliament has nothing to do with shortening the
hours of toil, inasmuch as it is voluntary on the part
of the labourers, man woman, and child, and they
"need not stay in a factory a single day longer than
they pleas."
Why was not the same objection- urged when the
Government proposed to take the women and children
out of the coal-pits? That, too, was an interference
with the poor man's labour ; and its tendency and
actual result was greatly to diminish the earnings of
the colliery population. But, no ! Writers of all
political parties lauded this measure as one of
great humanity and unquestioned necessity. When
the revolting features of colliery labour were brought
to light by the Children's Employment Commission,
and it was found that tender women and helpless
children were daily employed underground to do
the work of brutes, one general shudder of horror
ran throughout society. The thing was too bar-
barous to be tolerated in a Christian country; the*
practice of female and infant slavery in mines was
universally condemned; and men of all parties de-
manded the interference of the Legislature. They.
did not see in the question one merely of vested inte—
rests, of capital sunk, of profits suspended,—but of
national humanity, of benevolence and philan-
thropy. The Legislature, thus invoked froni all
sides, stepped in and put an end to the practice at
once, and let us hope, for ever. Now, the very same
principle is involved in the question of factory
labour. Society in this country has established the
principle of interference, in the case, of women and
minors. It regards them as unable to protect and
defend themselves ; and where it finds them over-
worked or oppressed, it steps in and interferes. This
has already been done in the Factory Bills repeatedly
passed by the Legislature. What is now sought for
is, that ten hours, and not twelve, should be the
standard period of labour in factories, for women and
children.
But this would be " an interference with the
rights of labour, and a violation of the liberties of
the subject!" Alas! how •slender are the rights
of labour I How worthless are the liberties of the
subject; What is the " liberty" of the English
labourer ? To starve or to toil! He has no alternative.
He has no liberty. He has no proprietorship in the
State. He is cut off from all rights and privileges.
He is taxed without his consent ; his earnings are
taken from him by a class who are altogether
irrespOnsible to him ; and thus lie is, to all
intents and purposes, a slave. He has no
alternative but to toil or famish. He yokes
, himself, body and soul, to the iron machine—

INCENDIARY FIRES IN STAFFORDSHIRE.—Two in-
cendiary fires, supposed to have been the work of strangers,
have occurred in this county during the present week. As
constables Price and Pike; of the county constabulary, were
on patrol between one and two o'clock on Sunday morning
last, they discovered a fire in the rick-yard of Mr. Henry
thitaley, of Eaton-house, near the Spread Eagle, in the pa-
rish of Penkridge. They immediately gave the alarm to the
inmates of the house, and with the assistance of Mr.
Critchley and his sons, succeeded in drawing a burning
waggon, which was covered with straw, into an adjoining
field, and in extinguishing the flames before they extended
further. Had not the police been providentially passing at
the moment, the rick-yard, contanmg several stacks of corn
and hay, and a barn with a thrashing machine, &c., must
have been totally consumed. ..On the following morning a
lucifer match and part of a match-box were found near the
place where the waggon had stood. Mr. Critchley considers
that the greatest credit is due to the police for their untiring
exertions during the progress of the flames.—The other case
occurred within a mile of Wolverhampton, on Monday even-
ing. A rick of hay, the property of Mr. Jeukinson, butcher,
of Wolverhampton, and situate on the Cannock-road, was
discovered on fire about eight o'clock on that evening. Mr.
Marshall, -of Grimstone-cottage, near the place, immedi-
ately dispatched a man on horseback to town for assist-
ance, but although he rode at a most furious rate
through the town, it was some time before it was rendered,
he having passed the place where the engines are kept, and
several of the constabulary reside, without raising the
cry of fire. The necessary information having at length
been given at the police-station, Colonel Hogg, with the
constabulary and town engine, proceeded to the burning
mass, where were also the Birmingham and county engines,
by whose assistance the fire was shortly extinguished. From
the fact of two suspicious characters having been seen loiter-
ing about the place the whole day, no doubt existed of the
I fire having been the work of an incendiary, the parties
having been seen near the place after Mr. Marshall had sent
forward his messenger. The police were immediately on the
alert, and after a night of most active exertion, were success-
ful in apprehending a man, eighteen years of age, who gave
his name as John Richardson, a native of Nottingham, a
potter by trade, and who has confessed to his having set the
rick on fire. When brought to the station by police-officer
Dickenson, there were found upon him some lucifer matches,
with some of which lie stated he set the rick on fire, and also
. that his reason for doing so was, that "he had nothing to
eat, or nothing to take to." He was brought up for exami-
nation on Wednesday, but was remanded until Friday, when
a companion of his, Joseph Clough, who had in the mean-
time been apprehended at Birmingham by the police, was
examined with him. They did not deny the charge, and
were committed for trial at the next assizes.
• INSTITUTION FOR THE PROTECTION AND EMPLOY-
MENT OF THE DISTRESSED NEEDLEWOMEN IN LONDON.
Her most Gracious Majesty the Queen, and his Royal High-
ness the Duke of Cambridge, have both been pleased to pa-
troxiise the grand vocal and instrumental concert to be given
on Friday evening next, at the Theatre. Royal Covent-
Garden, in aid of the funds of this benevolent institution,
where a phalanx of talent will he brought forward that must
ensure an overflowing house. Several of. the most distin-
guished of the nobility have already engaged. private box of
for the occasion, amongst whom is her 'Grace the Duchesses
Sutherland.

From T. J. Pettigrew, Surgeon, F.R.S. to Messrs.
S. and B. Solemons, opticians, 39, Albemarle-street,
Piccadilly,—Gentlemen, I have no hesitation in replying
to your inquiry as to the results obtained by the use of
your Improved Spectacles ; being in the constant habit
of reading and writing for many hours together by lamp-
light, it is but justice to say that your newly invented
Spectacle Lenses have afforded me the greatest comfort.
When I employed the ordinary pebbles, I never failed to
experience in the morning a great irritation in the eyes.
Since I have used your admirable glasses I suffer from
no inconvenience of the kind, and my vision is much im-
proved. I shall ever feel grateful to my good friend,
Dr. Blundell for having drawn my attention to the sub-
ject.—Believe me to be yours, very respectfully. T. J.
PETTIGREW, 8, Saville row. Also, newly invented
Acromatic Waistcoat-pocket Telescopes and Opera-
glasses of the same kind of Lenses.—Every kind of Te-
lescope of larger size and increasing powers for shooting.,
sea purposes, and upon stand for astronomical observa-
tions the powers are so great and the lenses so bright
and brilliant that minute objects at an extraordinary dis.
tance is brought completely under the eyes. Sportsmen
tourists, and sea-side visitors will indeed here have a
great treat. Acoustic instruments of every description
for deafness. Caution.—Messrs. S. & B. Solomons, opti-
cians and aurists, are net in any way connected with a
person of the same name in their immediate neighbour-
hood, nor in any part of the country. To prevent
mis-
takes, be cautious, and observe—Only to be had at 39,
Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—COURT BEAUTIES.--Much has
been said and written relative to the assemblage of
female beauty celebrated under this title. The portraits
by Sir Peter Lely and Vandyke, in Windsor Castle, are
doubtless faithful representations of those fair and suc-
cessful aspirants to a notoriety which endures to the
present day. But how gratifying are the conclusion's
we are enabled to arrive at in favour of our own times !
The polished observances of modern society seem to
have bad their effects in subduing the bold expression of
eyes akin to those that beamed upon the Restoration.
While a costume ever chaste and resplendent has super.
seded the stiff and formal sameness of the " olden time."
And to, these - important advantage s may be added a
pleasing restorative and preserver of the complexion,
Gowland's Lotion, in removing every species of cu-
taneous impurity, and sustaining a brilliant vivacity of
tint, has long been appreciated in the highest circles.
An assurance of the sterling remedial qualities of this
invaluable article cannot be too firmly entertained by
all who suffer from irritability and diseolouratioa ct
the skin.
PARISIAN THEATRICALS.—The receipts of the the-
area of Paris in 1843 amounted to 8,170,000 f.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS

CITY, TUESDAY EVENING.

_ .
TIMES.—The premium-on gold at Paria is 13i pet mille,
which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. lOid. per ounce
for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25 49 ; and the
exchange at Paris on London at short being 25 62k, it follows
that gold is 0.54 per cent. dearer in London than in Paris.
By advices from Hamburgh, the price of gold is 4351 per
mark, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 10d. per
ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 104 ; and
the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short being 13 101,
it follows that there is no difference in the price of gold in
London and Hamburgh.

ST. GEORGE'S DAY.—Tuesday was the anniver-
sary of the death of the patrun Saint of England. The order
which is now called the Order of the Garter, was until King
Edward the Sixth's time, called the Order of St. George.
The figure of St. George on horseback, represented as holding
a spear and killing the dragon, was first worn by the Knights
of the Garter on the institution of that order in 1349-50. It
is suspended by a blue ribbon across the body from the
shoulder. This patron saint of England was a tribune in the
reign of Diocletian, and being a man of great courage was a
favourite with the Emperor but St. George complaining to
the Emperor of his severities towards the Christians, and,
arguing in their defence, he was put into prison and be •
headed, April 23, A.D. 290.

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL TB E TRREE PAPERS, Morning, Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
„,
VICE-CHANCELLOR'S COURT -I,Ort! ,
(Before Vice-Chaniellor Sir JAmos WIGRAM.)
KNIGHT V. MUNDAY.
This case came before the Court yesterday. By the bill
a title was claimed to certain estates in the county of Kent,
of considerable value, which were alleged to have been de-
vised'to one Thomas Broadnox
,May, in 1726. The party
under whom the defendant derived his title was appointed
guardian tp the devisee, and the latter was stated to be an
infant. It was alleged in the bill that the, guardian caused
the -infant to be kept in a tower, which tower, had been
erected in the park, where he remained, in total ignorance of
his title to the estate; that- he afterwards lived in a neigh-
bouring village, and that small sums were given to him from
time to time by the party who had been appointed his guar-
dian, his right to the property in question being still con-
eealed from him. It was further alleged that Thomas Broad-
'nox May lived to the age of ninety-nine, and that he
died in 1825, without discovering his rights; that
he left one daughter, who was the late wife of
the plaintiff. The plaintiff alleged that he was
entitled to the estates, as tenant by courtesy, and that
the defendant had purchaged the estate in 1797, from the
widow of the guardian, for the sum of 40,000/.
Mr. ROMILLY appeared as counsel for the defendant, in
support. of a demurrer, founded on the statute of limitations.
Mr. BAILY followed, on the same side.
Mr. COOPER supported the prayer of the bill, and had not
concluded his address at the rising of the Court, yesterday.
The
_Learned Counsel having finished his argument this
Mr. STEVENSON followed, on the same side.
Mr. ROMILLY having replied, in support of the demurrer,
lit was ordered that the case should stand for judgment.

COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, April 24.
(Sittings in Banco.)
THE QUEEN r. TIIS TC. WN COUNCIL OF GLOUCESTER-
31ANDAMUS.
_ _ _

In this a case a rule nisi had been obtained for a mandamus
calling upon the Town Council of Gloucester to pay out of the
borough rate certain fees due to the clerk of the Magistrates,
on the summary conviction of persons who were brought be-
fore the Magistrates of that borough charged with disorderly
condut, but who were unable to pay the fees to which the
various officers of the Court were entitled on their convic-
tion. The case, which turned entirely on the construction to
be placed on certain sections of the Municipal Corporation
Act, was argued this morning.
The COURT gave judgment that the mandamus must go,
inasmuch as it appeared that the expences incurred in ap-
prehending and convicting disorderly persons, were expenses
incurred in carrying the provisions of the Act into execution.
—Rule absolute.

BAIL COURT, April 24.
(Before Mr. Justice COLERIDGE.)
HATTON V MACREADY.

This was an action brought by the chorus-master at Drury-
lane Theatre to recover from the defendent, the late lessee of
that establishment, certain arrears of salary alleged to be due
to him. It was tried before the Sheriff of London, and a ver-
dict was returned for the defendant. On a subse•
quent day Mr. Charnock moved this Court to set
aside the verdict, on the ground that the action
must be considered to have been brought to recover that
which was in the nature of unliquidated damages,. and, there-
fore, it had been improper to bring it before the Sheriffs'
Court. The Learned Counsel admitted that the case had been
taken into that Court by the plaintiff himself.
Mr. Justice COLERIDGE, on that occasion, took time to
consider his decision. This morning his Lordship, after going
through the pleadings, stated that the cause could not be
considered in the light of an action for unliquidated damages,
and, therefore, refused the rule.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER, April 24.
(Sittings in Banco.)
This being special paper day, the Court was engaged in
hearing law arguments on technical points.

EXCHEQUER CHAMBER, April 24.
(Sittings at Nisi Prius before Mr. Baron GURNEY and a
Common Jury.)
SCALES V. HALL. _

This action was brought to recover the balance of an account
originally amounting to 37/. 2s. 5d., 25/. of which had been
paid into Court, leaving a balance of 121.25. sd. The de-
fendant, who is a miller at Kilburn, employed the plaintiff,
a slater, carrying on business at the Regent's-park basin, to
slate some houses at Kilburn, thus incurring a debt amount-
ing to the above-Mentioned sum. The defendant, by his
counsel, contended that the sum paid into Court was a fair
remuneration, on the ground that the slates were placed on
" battens" instead of boarding, and that the water came
through the roof. From evidence on the part of the plaintiff
it appeared that the slates were placed on " battens,' at the
express request of the defendant, whose duty it was to have
provided a proper foundation for the slates. It was also
proved that the sum charged by the plaintiff was fair and
reasonable, and that the work was performed in a workman
like manner and to the satisfaction of the defendant. Wit•
nesses were then called by the defendant's counsel, who stated
that the " battens" were prepared by them at the desire of
the slaters, and not by the defendant's directions; and that
boarding was also provided, but that the men sent to perform
the work preferred the former; in fact, the under-roofing
being *pared and superintended by the plaintiff's workmen.
The Learned Judge having summed up the evidence,
the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff—Damages, 51.

COURT OF REVIEW, April 24.
(Before Sir J. K. L. BRUCE.)
His Honour sat in the Sessions-house this morning as
Chief Judge in Bankruptcy, in which capacity he heard seve-
ral motions ; but many of? them related only to costs, and
none were of public importance.

POLICE INTELLIGENC E.
(YESTERDAY.)
WORSHIP-STREET.

John Hickey, a process-server, employed at the Palace
Court, Westminster, was charged before Mr. Broughton
with having committed a violent assault upon Miss
Jane Perry, the daughter of a respectable tradesman re-
siding in Brunswick-street, Hackney-road, under the
following aggravated circumstances:—
The complainant stated that between nine and ten
o'clock on the preceding night the prisoner knocked at
her father's door, and on its being opened by witness he
stated that he was an officer of the Palace Court, and
had a writ to serve upon John Perry, whom he wished
to see immediately for that purpose. She requested the
prisoner to call next morning, as her father had retired
to rest, at the same time intimatieg her belief that he
was mistaken in the person, as her father's name was
William and not John; but the prisoner insisted that he
was right, and after using very gross and insulting
language towards her, he seized her by the
shoulder and forced her back to the end of
the passage, where he struck her a violent
blow on the face. On hearing the disturbance, her father
instantly hastened down stairs in his night clothes, and,
on asking the prisoner what he wanted, the latter said
that he had a writ to serve upon him, and that he knew
him to be a common thief and swindler. Although re-
peatedly urged to produce the writ, the prisoner re-
fused to do so, and he was ordered to leave the house,
which he at length did, but, on getting outside, he re-
newed his violent language, and collected a large crowd,
whom he addressed in a loud tone of voice, and, point-
ing to the house, explained that it was inhabited by a
nest of swindlers. The prisoner persevered in his out-
rageous conduct until the arrival of a policeman, when
he was given into custody.
The father of the last witness corroborated the
greater part of her evidence, and said he was wholly
at a loss to account for the extraordinary behaviour of
the prisoner, as he did not owe a single fartthing to any
one, and had resided for 30 years in the neighbourhood.
His daughter-in-law was lying dangerously ill at the
time, and her complaint was so greatly aggravated by
the prisoner's violence that he did not expect to find her
alive when he returped home from the Court.
In answer to the charge, the prisoner said that he had
been instructed to make some inquiries preparatory
to issuing a writ against a person named John Perry,
whom he supposed to be the complainant, but on dis-
covering his error he immediately withdrew, and posi-
tively denied having cemmitted any assault on the oc-
cason. _ _ _ _ _ _

Mr. BROUGHTON ordered him to pay a fine of 505., or
to be imprisoned for two months in the House of Cor-
rection.

CLERKEN WELL.
John Fuller was charged with stealing 21. ss. 6d. from
Edward Gibbins, a patient in the Royal Free Hospital,
Gray's Inn-road.
The prisoner, who was suffering from a severe attack
of erysipelas, was likewise a patient in the hospital.
On the 23d ult., a day or two after poor Gibbins had bis
leg amputated, he asked the prisoner to take some money
for him to the nurse ; he did so, but in the course of the
same night, stole Gibbins's trowsers from beneath his
pillow, and having pocketed the money, the whole of the
prosecutor's earthly treasure, decamped, but was ar-
rested in St. Giles's a few days after.—Committed.
Assaults on the police have been of late exceedingly
frequent in the districts over which this Court has 'tie -
diction, and some of them of a very savage and "
unpro-
voked character. They are, for the mostin rpeaarste,
oc
fo ino
f•
mitted in Islington and its immediate vicinity. Mr.
opinion
in the on that fifty
greet
fences
se
oyfetshteisrdnayature.He was e
remarked onthef
o
dis-
trict as-
saultsin kt•ehree
coursecommitted
o fa
year.o n eachlr the
sys
that temwer
put down, the Worthy Magisttateobservedne not
o
W
de-
cent person could be obtained to serve in the police.
Mary Anne Harris was charged with violently assault-

—Great excitement was produced in St. Giles's on the
previous evening by a report that Harris had cut Frank-
lin's throat, and an immense mob followed the prisoner
from the George-street station-house to the Court this
morning, hissing and shouting all the way. The pro-
secutrix was conveyed from the hospital, where she had
been all night, to the Court, and she presented a truly
frightful spectacle. Her head was bandaged, and her
face was so livid and swollen that hardly a feature was
discernible. The parties live in Church-street, and
quarrelled about some trifling matter, when Harris
seized an iron shovel, and struck the unfortunate woman
on the head with it until she was insensible, inflicting
several severe wounds. The iron shovel was exhibited,
and had spots of blood on it.
The prisoner was discharged because Franklin declined
to prosecute. •
UNION-HALL.
On Mr. Cottingham faking his- teat,- an application was
made to him, to order the restoration of a diamond pin,• a

aft ••• gold guard chain, and a ,111,
; named Williams, late] • t
and which articles ar 4+- e
the detective police. e • 0
-It appeared that the'66l/Nriftli*tiritt ,r ed
time axe, with two' ‘aytkok . t 64-
ladv, named Coutts, \0P.704 Ittanionanitb"k
merateci, were found inil4 ‘.4t1165-:_rrp6tlY-
of the alleged charge, thb.soliti ot • D
the restoration of the above articles of jewellery.
The application, however, was resisted by Mr. Watson, a
jeweller of Queen-street, Ch'eapside, who stated that on the
12th of February last, two respectably-dressed men entered
his shop and succeeded in stealing 4 gold chains, and that
the gold chain (now produced) and claimed by Williams, was
one of the chains of which he was robbed on the day in ques-
tion.
"Williams' solicitor then applied to have the diamond pin
and the gold eve-glass given up to his client as there was
nap
.c.laimant of those articles. •
Mr. CorrixonAm said, that although Mr. Watson could
nmt identify Williams as being one of the parties who robbed
of the gold chains, yet as one of the stolen articles was
foun.d in the possession of the latter person, he (the Magis-
'e) could therefore make no order to give up any of them.
"olicitor said that. 'Williams was acquitted.
GISTRATE said that the less the solicitor said
better; that two of the principal witnesses had
"e way, or else a very different result would

fra.
The,
The Ms
about that the
been kert out oft,
have taken place. • ' that he should retain possession of
Sergeant Langley Bait,, ,in was identiflod now, he should
in.
ttahkeej D. in.

PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS.

(From the Votes and Priceed:ngs of the Rouse of Comm. 11,. )

TUESDAY, APRIL 23.
COLCHESTER AND HARWICH RAILWAY (No. 2),
AND HARWICH RAILWAY AND PIER BILLS.
Motion mide, and' Question put, " That it be an instruction
to the Committee on the Colchester and Harwich Railway
(N 0.2), and the Harwich Railway and Pier Bill, That it be
at liberty to deem the Line of Railway from Colchester to.
Harwich,
,projected by Mr. Hosking (as rimationed in the.
petition of Sir _.Henry Webb, Baronet, and William Adams
Smith, Esquirs,4resented to the House on the il.4th day of
this instant AtirD Competing Line in contemplation, and
to hear the sat Petitioners, as prayed by their petition, ba
sup-
port thereof :' Yrlie*House divided :

}..MINORITY—AYES, 27.
Aldam, William—Le ds O'Condr Hon—Roscomoon Co:
Blewitt, Reginald—Monmouth Pat iron, James—London,
I)uncombe, T. S..—Finsbury Pechell, Captain—Brightso
Ellice, Edward—St. Andrew's Pollington, Lord—Pontefra a
Elphinstone, H.—Lewes Smith, Benjamin—Norwich
Hardy, J.—Bradford Stock, Dr.—Cashel
Hastie, Archibald—Paisley Strickland, Sir G.—Preston
Hill, -Lord A. M. C.—Evesham Trotter, John—West Surrey
Humphery, John—Southwark Villiers, C.—Wolverhan7)torf
Jervis, J.... Chester Watson, W. H.—Kinsale
Mackinnon, W. A.—Lymingten Williams, William—Covent.nr
Manners, Lord J.—Newai E. Wyndham, Colonel—W. t• 1.1,5..VR
Morris, D.—Carmarthen TELLERS.
Muntz, G. F.—Birmingham Round, Charles Gray—Essex N.-
Murphy, F. S.—Cork Hay, Sir A. L.—Elgin, ale.