The Sun.
London, England, 1845-10-01 00:00:00

NEW ZEALAND STATISTICS.

The following extracts are from a lately published
work on " New Zealand," by a Mr. Brown, and inserted
in the New Zealand Journal:—
"To the speculator and man of large capital, New
Zealand presents at this moment the most tempting pros-
pects, almost too much so for his prudence to withstand.
"Already two copper mines in the neighbourhood of
Auckland have been opened, and the results are in the
highest degree satisfactory, ore being obtainable of the
best quality, and at so trifling an expense, that
there are no accounts of mines in any other
part of the word in this respect to be com-
pared with them. In fact, the operation can-
not be termed mining at all—it is only quarry.
ing and blasting, the ore being almost at the very sur-
face. Sortie idea of the facility of procuring the ore may
be formed from the fact, that miners are at present work-
ing one of the mines referred to, and have undertaken to
produce the ore, properly cleaned and sorted,
fit for shipment, at the rates of 4L per ton for the third
quality, 61. for the second, and St fur the finest ; and at
these rates there is every appearance of their realising a
small fortune for themselves in the course of two years,
for which period it is understood their contract extends.
They would realise enormous wages at the lowest rate
of 41. for all qualities, if the ore continues to be procured
as easily as hitherto. About ten or twelve men, in the
course of six weeks, actually quarried out sixty tons,
thirty f which were shipped to Sydney, and thirty tons
to England. Nor is the ore of an ordinary quality ; the
analysis of some samples from the mine referre to
shows upwards of 50 per cent. of pure copper.
" Manganese is equally abundant, and is found within
15 miles of Auckland. Considerable quantities have
already been shipped to England, some of which has re-
alised 71. per ton. The expense of quarrying this has ,
beer. 10s. per ton.
" Many places on the coast, both northward to the Bay
of Islands, and southward towards the East Cape, afford
indications both of copper and manganese ; and it may
easily be supposed that the utmost eagerness is manifested
to become the fortunate purchaser of these mines.
While the obstructions to the free purchase of lands
continued, no one even thought of taking the trouble to
look for these treasures ; but now that the natives are
permitted to dispose of their lands, there scarcely passes
a week without a party setting off in some direction, on a
voyage of discovery,
" The very natives have become infected with the
mania, and are nearly as expert judges of copper or man•
ganese as the settlers, and may be seen going about with
fragments of stone and bottles of nitric acid, for the pur-
pose of testing its composition, They serve to keep the
settlers in a perpetual excitement, by pretending to have
discovered copper or manganese upon their lands, and no
little money is spent in fruitless expeditions to prove the
fact. In some cases, the eagerness of the settlers outruns
their prudence, and they are induced, by the solicitations
of the natives, to purchase land before seeing it, fearing
some more reckless speculator may otherwise secure the
prise ; but it is needless to say that they are almost sure
of losing their money, as the specimen of the ore shown
to them has, in all probability, been taken from the mines
at the Great Barrier, or from the island of Kawau. The
natives seem to discover, with singular acuteness, the
weak points in the character of the person they are deal-
ing with, and never fail to work upon them with great
dexterity. Where knowledge is equal on both sides,
the settlers are no match for the natives in buying and
selling, as the latter concentrate, in the smallest affair,
their whole soul, and never lose sight of their own inte-
rest for a moment.

" Besides copper and manganese, tin, lead, and nickel
are reported to have been discovered. Coal abounds in
various places on the Middle Island; it has also been seen
near Manakao, and indications of it are to be met with near
the Bay of Islands, but no mine has yet been opened
on the North Island. A shaft was sunk at Mauharangi,
(near the Kawau copper mine), but having been under-
taken by a person without means, the work was aban-
doned, after sinking about eighty feet. Rock salt has been
discovered in the neighbourhood of Mercury Bay ; and
alum and nitre near the medicinal springs at the Rotuma
lakes. Sulphur is found in vast quantities, about the
East Cape, and has already been shipped to England,
though it did not, it is believed, realise a good price ; but
sulphur, of a very superior description, has lately been
discovered, in purity nearly equal to the rolled sulphur
of commerce. Specimens of this article have been sent
to England in the Bolina. Various other minerals have
been found, but are less worthy of notice, as they do not
appear to be available at present as exports."

THE FISHERIES. ST. IVES.—No pilchards have
been seen from the hills during the week. Mackarel are very
plentiful on the coast, but the weather has prevented the
boats from driving. Two boats went out on Tuesday night,
and caught about 2,000 each, which were sold at 12s. per
120. FOWEY.—Very few fish have been taken here this
week.-- West Briton,

A prosecution for forgery and fraud, ending in ba.nk-
ruptcy, connected with an incident which occurred a shs irt
time ago in London, when a Frenchman named Best et
was arrested on a warrant i.esied by the Lord Mayor, en
compliance with the late conre:ltion between France end
England for the reciprocal extradition of certain classes
of criminals, but who was afterwards released by a
. judge's le armee, on the ground that fraudulent bank-
ruptcy was a crime unknown to the English law, ens on
Monday last brought on before the Court of Assizes.
The parties now brought to the bar are—Josleh Osear de
Sazy, aged 32, merchant, born at Naples ; Joseph -.aegis-
, Germain, aged 39, merchant, of Romans (Drome).; and
Victor Baudon, aged 38, of Valence (Drome), on ginally
a watchmaker, afterwards an accountant or book :Keeper,
and latterly clerk to the two first-named parties.. Two
other parties were included in the indictment, but
neither of whom has been arrested, and therefore they
were tried by default. Their names are—Francois
Caruel, alias Delarmarcotelle, alias Pricener, aged 50, a
a native of Normandy, who has lived successively in
Paris, Jersey, New York, and Lordon, and is believed
to be at this time at Baltimore, in the United States,
and has been condemned to hard labour for 10 years, by
default, for fraudulent bankruptcy; and Jacques Besset,
aged 48, formerly a shawl manufacturer at Lyons, but
lately resident at London. The indictment is of extreme
length, and we shall confine ourselves to abstracting
only such parts as are- sufficient to show the main
features of the case, and the share taken by era h of
the accused parties in the acts incriminated. In
August and September, 1842, Camel, then lately
arrived from America, Sazy, and Regis-Germain met
in London to establish a commercial commission
warehouse, under the name of Pricener and Co. The
name of Pricener did not legitimately belong to them,
but Caruel assumed it, pretending that it was the maiden
name of his wife, and also the name of an uncle in
America, who had authorised him to use it, and who
was to be a sleeping partner in the business. This firm
of Pricener and Co. established itself at No. 38., Fen-
church-street, London, and had also a corresponding
house in Paris, at No. 61, Rue do Provence, under the
name of Regis-Germain. Sazy acted as travelling part-
ner both in France and abroad, to keep up the credit of
both houses, and negotiate their bills for such goods as
were purchased in their names. Baudon was first only
a 'clerk at 1,200 E, and afterwards 1,500 f. a year. In
thie manner their proceedings went on till June, 1844,
when the bubble burst, and Pricener decamped from
London and went to America. Regis-Germain, on
the 25th of the same month, disappeared from Paris,
and went to Brussels with his mistress, but was
afterwards overtaken at Rotterdam, by a creditor.
An application was made to the Tribunal ee Com-
merce, and Regis-Germain was declared bankrupt. On
investigating his affairs it was found that the debts
amounted to 400,000 E and the assets to literally nothing,
for even his furniture was absorbed by arrears of rent.
Baudon was therefore arrested in Paris, and Sazy, who
was still carrying on trade, was taken at Grandville, in
virtue of a telegraphic dispatch. Besset acted in Eng-
land much in the same capacity as Sazy in France,
where also Besset occasionally came, and by the auda-
city of his proceedings alarmed both Caruel and Regis-
Germain, and in fine cheated them both by converting
considerable purchases, made in their names and with
their bills, to his own use. In fact, it was sufficiently
shown that this man was, beyond all comparison, the
greatest rogue of the set, and by his appropriations
had hastened the termination of their schemes, and
made the catastrophe tenfold more glaring and despe-
rate. From the interrogation of Sazy by the President,
it appeared that he had previously to the establishment
of this precious concern, been in correspondence
with Camel, who therein used the name of Delamarco-
telle, while he, Sazy, signed that of Saint Clair, and
from which correspondence he must have known that
Cseuel was not worth a sou, and yet he represented it
to Laborde, the banker, that he began business with a
capital of 100,000 E, and that his partners brought in
50,0001. more. Regis-Germain, in answer to the ques-
tions put to him, stated that being lame he was at first
destined for the priesthood, but, at the age of fif-
teen, he changed his mind and became clerk to a
notary, and afterwards traveller to a commercial
hour e till about 1841; when falling into bad
health, his mother induced him to gi.ve up slat employ-
ment. He first made acqueintance, in Ins, with Dela-
marcotelle, at Jersey, being recommended to him by the
master of an hotel at Grauville, and Delamarcotelle re
commended him to Sazy. Regis-Germain- deeded that
when he entered into connexion with,Caruel and Sazy,
in 1842, he knew that he was without money, for Besset,
who was known to be rich, said that lie shoald enter the
house and support it. He also understood that there
was to be a sleeping partner, eho would advance 50,000 f.
In fine, he protested that until the bills upon the house
of Pricener were returned in 1844 unpaid, he believed
that all was right. • He then wished to withdraw from
the concern, but was ridiculed for his fears and over-
persuaded by Besset, who affirmed that he had his
whole fortune, amounting to 500,000 francs, embarked
in the business. Regis-Germain further declared that
he went to Brussels and Rotterdam only in pursuit
of Besset, and to endeavour to get back a quantity
of goods which that person had taken with him, in
order that there might be something for the creditors.
Baudon throughout his examination maintained that he
had done nothing but what was the duty of a clerk in a
solvent house, although at times there might be a want
of money to meet the demands upon it, never receiving
any further remuneration for his services than his
stipulated salary. On proceeding to the evidence, many
letters and other written documents were read and
verified. Numerous merchants and tradesmen were
examined, and most, if not all, of them stated that, at
the beginning, all the bills given for the merchandise
they supplied to the house of Regis-Germain were
paid, though in the end they were left creditors,
and some to a very large amount, M. Dubois, a dealer
in leather, who was one of them, and who, after the
bankruptcy, became provisional syndic, or assignee,
represented that, having sold a quantity of leather
to the house of Pricener through Regis• Germain for
ready money, he went to London, and called upon
Pricener and Co. for payment. Sazy was present, and
the pretended Pricener rebuked him roundly for dealing
for ready money, and Sazy said nothing, but stood like
a scolded school-boy before his master. That aocount,
however, and a second one on bills, were duly paid. The
money for the third, however, still remained due, the
leather sold having been delivered only on the strong
but false representations of Besset. He stated that
he believed Regis-Germain to have acted honestly
at the beginning, but thought he must have known
before the close the real state of affairs, and ought
not to have gone on. M. Dubois could last call Regis-
Germain a rogue, but thought he was very weak.
Baudon, he said, never gave any orders, and he knew
nothing to induce him to believe lie was an accomplice
in the frauds. Of Besset, M. Dubois said that he did
not think there was a man at the hulks snore criminal.
M. Dubois, who went to London to procure the extra-
dition of Besset, gave a very lively description of his in-
solence when he was released from his arrest by the
judge's warrant, but we have not space for it. He con-
cluded by expressing a hope that he should still be able
to lay hold of him. That Regis-Germain, when he went
to Brussels and Rotterdam, had no intention of abscond.
ing from his creditors, but went, as he statedi n his ex-
amination, with the hope of overtaking Besset, and re-
covering some of the money from him, was shown by
the evidence of M. Paris, a creditor, who followed him
to Rotterdam, and there found him in great distress of
mind, complaining of having been cruelly
deceived, with
so little in his purse that he had been obliged to pawn
his watch. M. Paris gave him a supply, and Regis-
, Germain readily came back with him to Paris.
These are the principal circumstances of the case.
The trial lasted till yesterday (Thursday) at three in the
afternoon, when the jury retired to consider their verdict.
At six they returned, declaring all the three prisoners
guilty, but finding extenuating circumstances in favour
of Baudon. The prisoners, on hearing the verdict read
to them, were completely overcome. On being asked by
the President whether they had anything to say why
judgment should not be passed cn thems Germain burst
tempted
were choked in his throat. Bandon remained silent. The
Gentlemen,tospe speak,
have
but phi
itsy
wuoprodns
mi nyt Op toeoarr smaoiti
hd e
rely lai
Sazyme
ad
t,
counsel for Germain intimated an intention to appeal
to the Court of Cessation, on the grounds of irregularity
in the indictment and proceedings so far as regarded
him. The President then delivered the judgment of the
court, condemning Sazy to hard labour at the hulks for
ten years, 100 f. fine, and exposure on the pillory ; Re-
gis-Germain to close confinement with hard labour for
seven years, a fine of 1001., and exposure on the pillory ;
and Baudon to simple imprisonment for five years.—
Galignani.

The workmen, in repairing the Gerea;and,,dlC6Pot.tiirlitplnoofi
nfo tf aPrho afe r MarriageaSi
Pheasants,
a naai ns
iodf‘s;thohlteinn solemn
acclamations
Louis XIV., the Hotel de Ville, have discopveearceaedeteto:t_oahsemsAlawrogbrnele_
with Maria
Ding
of their
tslearbvsie,wonbwethwicehenar Louisthe fxolilvozirmignignscofripFtrianonspene
betweenTBMpialaeirstiaiensot
fhi the
ouetswttlhrosielaneaint Icings.fyao
rthiane Ps
e;oppulenished' 16th84—e GTenhoeeseKi;ngforcegradnhicas enemies to acce t a
truce for twenty years; and, yielding to the
,pravers of the
Spaniards, remitted 3,500,000 livres of taxes., ,Pt
WRESTLING.—On Monday a match took place at
the Brecknock Arms, Camden Town, between,
aißli)wsdcoetnl,and
124058,,,17re611a.,nidn lir2
16 OtBh6r/ee°j
Cornwall, and Truscott, of Devonshire, thee4lbanesdt
back falls, which terminated by Bowden throwing Truscott
the first fall, and Truscott throwmEßowden the other two.
JUDGES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.—There are
363 judges in the United Kingdom, whose salaries amount to
94
40.2 ,
TheO32/.
salaries
year.
in England
f • ,
and in Scotland 7
FISH, FLESH, FOWL, AND VEGETA.BLES.--It is a
singular fact that fatal diseases are, at the present moment,
6,9ng7golanlla. nddharase
prevalent amongst members of all the above-named tribes.
Cattle, as our readers know, have long been afflicted with a
distemper which has destroyed numbers; grouse have died
in hundreds of some malady, which; has been variously de-
scribed; and the murrain amongst potatoes has destroyed
the crops over a great portion of Europe. It is now stated
that a plague of some description has broken out amongst
the fish in the rivers, numbers of pike, eels, and other fish
being found dead, or dying, on the surface of the water.—
Liverpool Albion.
HOP INTELLIGENCE.—CANTERBURY. -- The past
weak has been most disastrous to the hops—the high winds
and cold weather have swept away from 30,000/. to 50,0001.
of the duty. Poles have been prostrated and hops scattered
all over the gardens; many of those remaining on the bine
have likewise been greatly depreciated noun ality. Picking
has been carried on generally, and all accts concur in the
hops being not only bad in quality, but very light. General
report states that great havoc has been made among the
hops ; that they are rapidly going off, and the duty is as ra-
pidly falling.—Canterbury. Journal.
COACH ACCIDENT.—On Friday afternoon last the
coach called the Rapid, which runs between Carlisle and
Lancaster, going southwards, heavily laden with passengers,
overturned near Shapi Westmoreland, in consequence of the
axletree breaking, but none of the passenger's were severely
injured. Before the coach could be repaired a delay of up-
rude of four hour§ took Pl4O

G. Fisher, dealer, Bradford—first div. of Bs. in the pound
(to those have not received a div.), any day after Oct.
6, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
L. and G. Dobson, woollen cloth manufacturers, Leeds—
final div. of lid. in the pound, any day after Oct. 6, at the
office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
J. Bainbridge, iroufounder, Richmond, Yorkshire—first and
final diV. of Is. 10d. in the pound, any day after Oct. 6, at
the office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
IV. Clarke, builder, Sheffield—first div. of 3d. in the pound,
any day after-Oct. 6, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
T. N. Monckman, tobacconist, Bradford—final div. of 9d.
in the pound (and 3s. 9d. to those who have not received a
div.), any day after Oct. 6, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
J. Newton, J. W. Newton, and F. Newton, spirit mer-
chants, Rotherham, Yorkshire—first div. of 6s. Bd. in the
pound (also 20s. on the estate of J. Newton, 7a. on the estate
of J. W. Newton, and Is. 6d. on the estate of F. Newton),
any day after Oct 6, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
Wood, merchant, Leeside, Yorkshire—first div. of 2s.
6d. in the pound, any day after Oct. 6, at the office of Mr.
Young, Leeds.
J. Mesrs, grocer, Leeds—first div. of 3s. 4d. in the pound,
any day after_Oct. 6, at the office of Mr. Young, Leeds.
DIVIDENDS.
At the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-street.
W. Lee, hosier, Charing-cross' Oct. 23, at twelve—R. How-
land, auctioneer, Thames, Oxfordshire, Oct 23, at half-past
one—H. F. Turner, painted baize manufacturer, Mycldleton-
street, Clerkenwell, Oct. 23, at two.
In the Country.
W. J. Wardell, wine merchant, Pickering, Yorkshire, Oct.
22, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court—J. Howden, iron-
founder, Wakefield. Oct. 22, at eleven, at the Leeds District
Court—J. and W. Campion, shipbuilders, Whitby, Oct. 29,
at eleven, at the Leeds District Court—J. Campion, ship-.
builder, Whitby, Oct.. 29, at eleven, at the Leeds District
Court—R. Campion, banker, Whitby, Oct. 29, at eleven, at
the Leeds District—C. Timmis, flint grinder, Nov. 19, at the
Birmingham District Court—A. Brookes, scrivener, Newport,
Shropshire, Dec. 5, at eleven, at the Birmingham District
Court—J. Watson, grocer, Carlisle, Oct. 22, at one, at .the
Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court—W. Hall, grocer,
Claypath, Durham, Oct. 22, at twelve, at the Newcastle-
upon-Tyne District Court—. Clifton, printer, Barnard Castle,
Oct. 22, at two, at the Newcastle-upon-Tvne District Court
—J. G. Pallister and J. M. B. Newrick, grocers, Sunder-
land, Oct. 22, at eleven, at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Dis-
trict Court. _

CERTIFICATES to be granted, unless cause be shown to
the contrary, on the day herein mentioned.
H. D. Coggan, warehouseman, Friday-street, Oct. 22—C.
Day, chemist, Buckingham-street, Fitzroy-square, Oct. 21—
W. Giles, boarding-housekeeper, Brighton, Oct. 21—T. Re-
vely, jun., plumber, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Oct. 21—T.
Clifton, printer, Barnard Castle, Oct. 22—T. Barlow, grocer,
Sheffield, Oct. Aldcroft, licensed victualler, Manches-
ter, Oct. 23—J. Lea, jun., wine merchant, Liverpool, Oct.
21—A. N. Armani, merchant, Scott's-yard, Bush-lane, Oct.
21—J. Smith, money scrivener, Rugeley, Staffordshire, Oct.
21—W. May, wine merchant, Liverpool, Oct. 21.
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.
W. Leavers and E. Brown, machine smiths, New Basford,
Nottinghamshire—W. S. and J. Dowell, joiners, Sunderland
—M. Younghusband and H. Haswell, milliners, Newcastle-
upon-Tyne—G. Bower and C. Willis, attorneys, Tokenhouse-
yard—T. Mills and J. Wignall, licensed victuallers, Liver-
pool—R. W. and H. Lightup, vellum-binders, Jewry-street,
Ahlgate—W. W. Fisher and W. F. Bird, attorneys, King's-
street, Cheapside—T. Kennett and J. A. Gregory, attorneys,
Chatham-place, Blackfriars—M. and L. Burditt, milliners,
Ludgate-street—J. Clutton, T. G. Walker, M. Cooper, and
11. P. Marshall, attorneys, High-street, Southwark—E.
Morris, E. Phillips, and T. Francis, fellmongers, Wrexham—
T. M. Nash and H. Gardiner, oil merchants, Bristol—W.
Stevens and T. Winterbotham, victuallers, Great Dover-
street, Newington—E. Hughes and 0. Owens, manufacturing
chemists, Salford—D. Elias and T. J. Halsall, cotton spinners,
Chorlev, Lancashire—W. Allon and A. Harrison, tallow
chandlers, South Shields—J. Gurney and S. Chapman,
brewers, Lambeth-walk—R. Johnson and F. Campble,
travelling drapers, Manchester—J. T. Wheatley and T.
Turpin, lightermen, Commercial-road, Lambeth—E. Sep-
pings and C. Jones, land agents, Norwich—T. C. Burgon
and C. L. Barnwell, Great St. Helens..-R. Norman, S.
Phillips, and J. Burton, New Broad-street (so far as regards
R. Norman)—J. and J. F. Southey, auctioneers, Tooley-
street, Southwark—T. Jones and C. Stephens, drapers, New-
ton, Montgomeryshire.
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATION.
Macdougall and Company, calenderers, Glasgow, Oct. 10
and 31, at two, at the chambers of Messrs. Forba.s and Reddie,
Glasgow.

THE SUGARS OF CUBA AND PORTO RICO.—Li-
VERPOOL, THURSDAY.—We have had two importations of
these sugars offered for sale by broker's auction this week, one
from Cuba, and the other from Porto Rico. That from Cuba
was offered yesterday. It consisted of only forty-four boxes ;
and although there was &considerable attendance, a sale could
not be effected owing to the heavy duty, and the whole was
withdrawn at 275. and 265. per cwt. The highest prices
offered were 255. and 225. 6d. To-day, a rather large impor-
tation from Porto Rico was offered. The sugar was of ex-
cellent quality, and a very large number of merchants and
dealers were attracted by it. The entire cargo consisted of
162 hogsheads, 44 tierces, and 244 barrels. About one-half
was sold at various prices from 235. 9d. to 255. 3d. For the
best qualities the highest offers were 245. 6d. and 255. 3d.,
and they were withdrawn at 265. and 28s. The refiners were
the principal purchasers.
THE WESTMINSTER IMPROVEMENTS.-011 Friday
notices, signed by Mr. Downes and Mr. Taylor, two of the
Commissioners of the Westminster Improvements, were served
on those persons who have any interest in the line of the new
street, which is to be called Buckingham-road, to the effect
that the Commissioners are ready to treat for the purchase of
their property; but if they do not send in a claim to their
office within twenty-one days from the 23d of September,
the Commissioners will proceed to a valuation of it, according
to the terms of their Act of Parliament. It is said that Mr.
Elliott, the brewer, has received 22,000/. for the meadow in
front of his brewery, or at the rate of about 4,0001. an acre,
and that he had himself laid it out for building on, but the
road passing through it be was obliged to make a sale to the
Commissioners. The inhabitants who have received these
notices are quite lively at the golden prospect they have in
view, but many, no doubt, will be doomed to disappointment.
FUNERAL OF PETER GREENALL, ESQ M.P.—
The funeral of Mr. Greenall, Esq., M.P. for Wigan, took place
on Wednesday morning last, in the family vault of the Old
' Church St. Helen's. Although it was understood to be a
Every respectable
there was present a vast number of spectators.
respectable shop in the town has had its shutters half
closed since Thursday last, and the inmates of private houses,
almost without exception, have displayed their sympathy by
also lowering their blinds, and exhibiting those other indi-
cations of mourning which are usually observed on tbese oc-
casions ; but the day of interment appeared to be reserved for
a more full demonstration of public feeling, when all parties
—Churchman and Dissenter, rich and poor, Conservative and
Liberal, as if by common consent, without the slightest ar-
rangement, suspended all business, that they might pay the
tribute of their deep feelings of sorrow over the tomb of their
late respected townsman; every shop was fully closed, and
continued so during the day. It is proper to state, that in
consequence of the sudden decease of the lamented gentle-
man, which occurring whilst in apparent health, an inquest
was held on Saturday last at Mr. Glover's, the White Hart
Inn, before John Heyes, Esq , coroner, and a respectable jury,
when a verdict was recorded of "Died by the Visitation of
God."—Liverpool Mercury.
TUE ROUND TOWERS.—Mr. G. Petrie, after a long
research, has come to the following results That the
towers are of Christian and ecclesiastical origin, and were
erected at various periods between the oth and 13th cen-
turies. 2. That they were designed to answer, at least, a
twofold use, namely, to serve as belfries, and as keeps, or
places of strength, in which the sacred utensils, books, relics,
and other valuables, were deposited, and into which the ec-
clesiastict, to whom they belonged, could retire for security
in cases of a sudden predatory attack. 3. That they were
probably also used,_ when occasion required, as beams and
watch-lowera."

MARKET NEWS
Et.es.Y WU

.—(YESTERDAY.)
atELTS.

SKITIMELD.—Coarse Meadow Hay, 4110 s to 4/ 15s ; useful
ditto, 41 16s to 51 ; fine Upland ditto, Si 3s to 5/ 8s;
Clover Hay, 41 15s to 6/ ; Oat Straw, 11 14s to 11 16s;
Wheat Straw, 11 16s to 1/ 18s per load. Trade rather
dull, at the above quotations.
_

CUMMEELAND.—boarse Meadow Hay, 41 lOs to 5/ ; useful
ditto, Si 2s to Si ss; fine Upland ditto, 51 6s to 51 lOs ;
Clover Hay, 4/ 15s to 6/ ' • Oat Straw, 1/ 135 to 11 14s ;
Wheat Straw, 11 14s to 1/ 16s per load. Supply but mo-
derate and trade somewhat heavy.
WH LTECHAPEL.—Coarse Meadow Hay, 4/ 5s to 4115 s ;
useful ditto, 4/ 16s to 5/ ; fine Upland ditto, 513 s to Si 8s;
Clover. Hay, 4/ 15s to 61 6s ; Oat Straw, 1/ 14s to 1116 s ,
Wheat Straw, 11 16s to 1/ 18s per load. A steady de-
mar.d, at late rates.

'Slew Meadow Hay 31 103 to 4l 15?, and New Clover 4/
to 5/ 5s per load.