The Sun.
London, England, 1845-09-27 00:00:00

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SUPPLEMENT TO THE _EVA ._,
,
I.NG SUN, AT AI SEPTEM

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
(RECEIVED THIS DAY.)
GORTON RACES.—TnurtsDAr.
A Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, 5 ft, with 20/. added, for two
vrs old, colts, Bst. 51b ; fillies, test 21b. Winners extra.
Three-quarters of a mile. (5 Subs.)
Mr. Clarke's bf by Tomboy, out of Lapwing...(G.Francis) 1
Mr. Dawson's b c Lord Harry
Mr. Mostyn's ch c Chartist
Won easy by a length.
The Manchester Cup of 70 sovs.' added to a Handicap sweep-
stakes cf 15 soya. each, 10 ft. The second to save his stake.
Two miles and a quarter. (Twenty-eight Subs, twenty-one
of whom pay only 5 sovs. ft.)
Hon. F. Onley's ch g Roderick, 6 yrs, Bst 81b
Captain It. W. Peel's b g Jack Sheppard, aged, 7st 61b
Captain R. W. Peel's Lord Saltoun, 4 yrs, 7st 61b 3
Won easily by a length.
The Gorton Stakes, of 3 sovs. each, with 15 added, for three
yrs old, 7st 41b ; four, Bst 81b ; five, 9st 21b ; six and aged,
9st Gib. Mares.and geldings allowed 31b. The winner to
be sold for 80 sovs if demanded. If entered to be sold for
70 sovs. allowed 3lbs ; for 60 sovs. 71bs ; fur 50 sovs. 101bs ;
for 40 says. 151 b. Hats, one mile and three-quarters.
Mr. Clarke's oh m Maid of Auckland, 6 yrs, (40 sow.) 1 1
Mr. Clegg's b g Step-and-fetch-it, 3 yrs (50 sovs) ...... 3 2
Mr. Skelton's ch g Father Mathew, aged (40 sovs.)... 2 3
Beth heats won easily.
FRIDAY.
The Claret Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added ; the second
to save his stake; three-yrs-olds, 7st; four, Bst 41b; five,
Bst 121 b; six and aged, 9st 21b. Mares and geldings al-
' lowed 31b. Heats, a mile and a half.
Mr. Lamb's ch m Lady Flora, aged (Livesey) 4 1 1
Mr. Wilkiti's br f Barbara Young, 3 yrs
Captain Carter's ch f April Noddy, 4 yrs 2 2 dr
Mr. Thompson's b g Iludibras, aged
The Sloan Purse of 25 sow., added to a handicap sweepstakes
cf 10 sovs. each, 5 ft, ; the second_ to save his stake. The
winner of the Manchester Cup 51b extra. Mile and three-
quarters.
Lord EgEnton's bk f Bretwalda, 3 yrs
Mr. Davies's b f Princess Royal, 3 yrs
Mr. Jones's b h Xanthus, 5 yrs ..
The Longsight Stake of 30 soya. each, with 15 added; the
second to save his stake ; three. yrs olds, 7st 21b ; four,
Bst 41b; five, Bst 121 b; six and aged, 9st 21b. Mares and
geldings allowed Bibs. Heats, two miles.
Mr. Clarke's ch m Maid of Auckland, 6 yrs..
Mr. Clegg's br g Step-and-fetch-it, 3 yrs
Mr. Skelton's ch g Father Mathew, aged
PORTSMOUTH AND PORTSEA TOWN AND GARRI-
SON RACES.—WEDNESDAY.
The Garrison Cup of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added; mares and
geldings allowed Bibs.
Captain Kennedy's b m Risk, aged ...........(Owner) 1 1
Mr. Tipping's ch g Hawke, aged
Mr. Moreland's b m Modesty, 6 yrs
The Ladies' Plate of 3 sovs. each, with 15 added ; mares and
geldings allowed Bibs. The winner to be sold for 50 sovs.
Mr. Lawrence's br or bl f Mainstay, 3 yrs ...( [Jacket) 1 1
Mr. G. Vicat na b g Paul Clifford, (half-bred), 6 yrs 3 2
Mr. Smith's br h Spring Bok, 4 yrs 2 3
The Hack Stakes of 2 sovs. each, with 10 added, were won
in two heats by Mr. R. King's Harem, 3 years, beating Mr.
Lawrence's ch g Tom (late Capote), aged; Mr. Jerram's br g
Mind-your-Pockets, aged; Mr. G. Vicat na g Ochiltree,
aged; Loe na. Gobemouche, aged.
THURSDAY.
The Town Plate of s*sovs. each, with 20 added ; mares and
geldings allowed 31b. The winner to be sold for 80 sovs.
Mr. That nd ch g Adrian, aged
Mr. Lawrence's b m Miriam, aged
Mr. Lintott's b g Waterloo, 6 yrs 3 1 2 die
Mr. Myle's ch la Young England, 3 yrs ... 2 4 dr
The Tally-ho Stakes of 3 sovs. each, with 15 added; lOst 71b
each ; mares and geldings allowed 31b.
Mr. Lawrence's b h Sir Edward, 6 yrs .., (Mr. Scott) 1 1
Mr. Lintott's b g Waterloo ( h b), 6 yrs

Mr. Vicat nd br g Palemon, aged
The Consolation Stakes, for beaten horses, were won by
Waterloo, beating six others.
LINCOLN RACES—TnunsnAv.
Her Majesty's Plate of 100 guineas ; three years old, Bst 21b ;
fur, 9st 41b; six, and aged, 10st. Heats, two miles.
Sir C. Monck's b m Glossy, 5 yrs...(Marlon) 1 1
Mr. Bell's br c Infant, 4 yrs •
The Hunters' Stakes of 5 sovs. each; four years old lOst
111 b; five, list 81b; six, and aged, 12st ; thorough-breds
71bs extra; mares and geldings allowed 31bs. Heats, two
miles.
Mr. H. Marshall's br g Confederate, 6 yrs ... (Owner) 1 1
Mr. Trafford's ch g Sancho, 6 yrs
Mr. Rudgard's b m Sister to Wildrake, 6 yrs 2 3
The Brocklesby Stakes of 10 sovs. each, 5 ft., with 20 added.
Mile and three-quarters.
Mr. Bell's br f Rosina, 3 yrs walked over
The I3rownlow Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added; three
yrs old, 7st ; four, Bst 41b ; five, Bst 101 b ; six and aged,
9st 21b; mares and geldings allowed 31bs; winners extra.
Heats, mile and a half.
Mr. Dawson's bf by Sheet Anchor, 3 yrs ...(Reeves) 1 1
Mr. Hobson's b f Prescription, 3 yrs 2 2
Mr. Wilder's bk m Gipsy, 6 yrs 3 dr
Mr. Gibson's ch c Eros, 5 yrs
FRIDAY.
The All-aged Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added.
Mr. Bell's br f Rosina, 3 yrs (Marlon) 1
Mr. Knight's b m Titania, 3 yrs .. 2
The Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Purse of 70 sovs. Heats,
two miles.
Sir C. Monck's b m Glossy, 5 yrs (illallon) 1 1
Mr. Dawson's bf by Sheet Anchor, 3 yrs 2 2
LATEST BETTING AT MANCHESTER
CESARRIVITCH STAKES.-8 to 1 agst My Mary-12 to 1
agst The Baron-17 to 1 agst Remorse-17 to 1 agst Plan-
tagenct-17 to 1 agst Jenny Wren-18 to 1 agst Wee Pet-
-20 to 1 agst Pantasa—even on the field agst twelve.
ARRIVALS AT NEWMARKET.—Lord Stradbroke's Idas,
Evenus, and Boarding school Miss—Mr. Thompson's Mon-
grel—Mr. Drinkald's Vol-au. vent—Colonel Anson's Attila—
Lord Miltown's Colleen Bawn—Mr. Greville's Alarm, Deer
Chase, Polka, and Motilla—Mr. Payne's Sir Francis and Col-
lingwood—Lord Verulam's Maynooth—Mr. Hook's Buttress
—Mr. Brooke's Moonbeam—Mr. Treen's sister to Wild Roe.
Worthless, West Countryman, and several horses from Good-
wood were expected on Saturday afternoon.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
The Doncaster meeting can hardly be said to have been a
successful one. The fields, except in the Two-Years-old
Stakes beiag miserably small, and the attendance of those
county families, who used to be present in such numbers iu
the days of Lord Fitzwilliam, Mr. Beaumont, and the Duke
of Devonshire, induced ns to reflect that the nefarious doings
which had disgraced this meeting of late years had prevented
them from gracing the course with their presence. The Man-
chester and Sheffield division came out in great force, but the
betting was not carried on in the large sums I havewitnessed
before. The charges, as usual, were dreadful. Talk of those
of the British Grenadiers—why they are nothing to the
Doncaster lodging-house keepers ! It is unaccountable how
racing men are preyed upon, and how tamely they submit to
it. It has often struck me that if a man who had been im-
posed upon in the manner frequently practised at Doncaster
and Chichester, was to keep the bill he paid, and advertise it,
with the address of the person who sent it to him, in the
Racing Calendar and Bell's Life, and also stick it up in the
Subscription-room a week before the meeting, he would be
doing an act of great kindness to his fellow-men, who would
avoid the house so taboed, as a pestilence or a man with the
itch. And now to business :—The Fitzwilliam was a mere
canter for Trueboy. In the match that followed, and which
was largely speculated upon, Semisaria—though in her old
form as to, condition, was in her old temper—would not run
a yard, and was easily defeated by a length.
The Champagne brought an excellent field to the post,
and although my selection, Malcolm (backed at evens
against the lot) was coughing, he yet ran very respectably;
my other fancy, Princess Alice, finished in front of them.
The Traverser is a colt that will be heard of again, and the
Squire's Stockport filly pleased me much. Bill Scott's re-
appearance in the saddle was hailed with great satisfaction
by his friends.

The race for her Majesty's Plate, between the Shadow and
Jinglepot, was won with great ease by the mare, who ap-
pears to be farming these plates a la Alice Hawthorn.
In the Cleveland Handicap I was again fortunate enough
to name the winner, Godfrey, pulling through as be did at
York.

Lord George Bentinck's Ennui cut down Tom Tulloch for
the rich 500 soya. stakes without the slightest trouble.
WEDNESDAY. —The day big with the fate of Weatherbit
and Miss Sarah, drew together one of the largest concourses of
persons ever seen on the Heath. Weatherbit was backed at
all sorts of prices. In appearance no horse could look better,
but, as I wrote, I thought he never would recover his Good-
wood dressing. His running was exactly what his enemies,
who were as thick " as leaves in Vallambrosas Vale," pre-
dicted, and his succumbing afterwards to Chertsey proved
hint even worse than I conjectured he was. Old England's
withdrawal caused a great deal of dissatisfaction, for looking
at his running at Ascot with Pantasa, he could not well have
lost. The money got out of Old England by the party will
go far to satisfy their losses on Weatherbit. Mentor was
coughing, so his running cannot be taken as true. The
Baron, who I thought would attain about the third place in
the race, owed his victory to the manner in which John
Scott brought him to the post, and the judgment with which
he was ridden, by which all the good qualities he possessed
were made use of, instead of being destroyed, as was the
case at Liverpool. Little money has been won by anybody,
the stable, though thinking him a dangerous horse, did not
imagine he was good enough to win. Miss Sarah's per-
formance was an excellent one, and her friends were cer-
tainly justified in backing her. I believe she had the speed
of the Baron at the last. The other races on the list were
not run off.

THEIRSDAY.—After the settling, which was only a partial
one, we had four races run, all of them interesting to pro-
fessionals and amateurs. In the first, Comrade beat Mid-
lothian and Annandale by a head, chiefly owing, I suspect,
to his being fresher than the gelding, who may be said to be
nearly "used up" by this time.
We had a field of eleven at the post for the Great York-
shire Handicap, and a most interesting race it furnished,
My Mary (my second choice), beating Glossy (my selection)
by a length.
In the Innkeepers' Plate, Semiseria, being for once in a
good humour, actually won a very fast run race. Like the
boy that cried " wolf,' she was not trusted at last.
The Park Hill was a mere canter for Miss Sarah.
The Two-Year-old Stakes again brought a numerous field
of young ones before the public. Princesss Alice and the
Pen colt were beaten off, so the severity of the pace may
be guessed. The finish of the two leaders was most exciting,
and showed the strength of Dawson's stable this year. Malt's
form was a marked improvement from what it had been.
In the Gascoyne, Mentor's defeat was entirely owing to
Nat, and not to Pam.

In the Cup, Sweetmeat, in her Ascot manner, disposed of
Alice and her companions with little trouble.
The Autumn season at Newmarket commences on Tues.
day with rather a slender list,
After the usual Trial Stakes and T.Y.C. Sweepstakes, we
have the 300 soya. Buckenham Stakes, to which Lord Exeter,
Colonel Peel, and Mr. Wreford have each set down their
horses, with the understanding that they are to bring one of
those three to the post. Of Lord Exeter's lot I should pre-
fer most the Lucetta colt. Of Colonel Peel's three, Queen
Anne, from the manner in which she won the July Stakes,
and of Mr. Wreford's contributions I should think he would
send the West Countryman, and out of the three to which I
reduced the field, Nat, I think, upon Queen Anne, will be
declared the winner.
To the Grand Duke Michael Stakes, always a
race of interest, there are 18 subscribers, but I doubt
if we shall see half that number of horses at the
post; ldas, in all probability will meet his old
opponent Wood Pigeon, and receive at his hands
the same beating he had at Ascot; and if Lord Ex-
eter's colt can beat Pug, I think the race must be awarded
to him. But as the latter receives 41b., she will be just able
to beat him.

In the Hopeful, which follows, I think the star of the
Goodwood stable will still be found in the ascendant, and
that the Duke of Richmond's Cuckoo will maintain her
honcurs. I prefer Cuckoo especially for this race, as she is
just bred for it, her dam having won it before. One of Lord
George's will, no doubt, secure second place.
In the match between Prologue and Collingwood, lean
to the former.

On Wednesday, after the usual four sweepstakes, we have
he St. Leger, with only seven animals named for it. Alarm,

will I hear, make his re-appearance for this stake, and al-
though I have no doubt he will run forward, still I do not
think he will be able to beat Refraction, the more so, as he
give 3 her 31b. Old Garry Owen (Bst. 61b.). will then give
Areanus (6st. 131 b.) the ge-by, without much alarm to his
backers.

In the Rutland, I shall be much disappointed if Tugnet
does not prove the winner.
In the 50 Sovs. Sweepstakes,l prefer most Pau?tons.
The match between Captain Phoebus and Coßingwood will
fiwon, I should imagine, by the former.

TELEGRAPH.

RAILWAY RETURNS.

RAILWAY TRAFFIC.—The following are the Total Receipts of Rail-
ways for the past week—that is to say, up to the date to which the
respective returns are made, together with the receipts of the same
week in the previous year:—

Week
ending

NAME OF RAILWAY.

Last
week.

Sept. 20

Arbroath and Forfar ••• • • •
Bristol land Birmingham. •• •• •• • • ••
Chester and Birkenhead. •• •• • • •• ••

Dublin and Drogheda • • • • ......

Dublin and Kingstown • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Dundee and Arbroath . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Durham and Sunderland . • • ..... • • • • •
Edinburgh and Giasgow . •. • .•• • • • • •
Eastern Counties and North Eastern • •
Glasgow, Kilmarnock, and Ayr . • . • • •
Glasgow and Greenock • • • • ••• • • • • • •
Grand Junction •• • • •••• • • •

Gravesend and Rochestcr.•
Great North of Rngldnd • • •• . • •
Great Western . • • • • ..
Hull and Selby • • • •

20
21
20
23

Liverpool and Manchester ..........
London and Birmingham . ••••••••••
London and 81ackwa11..............
London and Brighton....
London and Croydon ...............

London and Greenwich ...... .
London and South Western.. .....
Manchester, Bolton, and Bury ......
Manchester and Birmingham ........
Manchester, Leeds, and Hull Assoc..
Midland Counties.....

Newcastle and Darlington ......
Newcastle and Carlisle •
Newcastle and North 5hie1d5........
North Union and Bolton and Preston
Paris, Corbeil, and Orleans• • ........
Paris and Rouen . • • • • • • • • •• •• •• ••

738
877
1,095
335
890
3,028
5,908
2,000
1,091
16,637

18,101

20,913
859
6,555

gM
P. 3:
P, to.
c.F.

1,062
336
828
2,472
4,431
1,519
'1,022
14,505

17,815

18,546
1,073
5,620
517

7,282
926
3,309
6,914
16,682
1,203
1,741

452
1,748
5,722
6,716

RAILWAY IMPROVEMENT.
(From. the Railwciy Record.)
In the Westminster Review,recently published,
,
is, under this head, an article calculated to excite much
j interest in the railway world, by opening up a question
there
of the further progress of railways, the end whereof we
see not ; nor can we detect any fallacy in the proposi-
tions, novel and original though they be.
The writer commences the article by comment-
ing on the great reduction that has taken place in
railway fares, stimulated by the fear of new and com-
peting lines, showing that it would have been more wise
to have taken measures to reduce fares and expenses at
an earlier period, ere the agitation of new railways had
commenced, and that the existing lines can have no
chance of competing with those about to be made, ex-
cept by the greatest economy in reducing their expenses,
inasmuch as the fares must inevitably be reduced by
competition. But, even supposing an existing line to be
eclipsed by a new one, as regards direct traffic, the
writer proceeds to show that the line may even then be-
come more valuable by the proper application of the
land along its borders, distinctly pointing out that rail-
ways arc even yet wholly in their infancy—imperfectly
applicable to mere transit between distant towns—badly
constructed as regards their future application to other
important uses—and thereby deprived of sources of
profit immeasurably greater than mere distant transit
can ever yield. We give an outline of the general sys-
tem which the author proposes for producing the best
economical result.
Leaving all existing railways, and the towns they
connect, to their own advantages and imperfections, he
adverts to a general system of new railways, without
regard to existing towns, to he laid out chiefly through
unpeopled districts, with a view to colonise them with
an agricultural, horticultural, and manufacturing popu-
lation, throughout their whole extent, on the principle
that induced the Government of the State of New York,
to construct the Erie Canal through a wilderness, viz.,
that an easy route, once made, would be sure to attract
population wherever subsistence could be obtained. Be-
cause in order to attract population along a new line of
railway, i. e., a road with an artificial level, it is only
necessary to provide artificial circumstances similar to
those nature has provided in the natural levels of the
valleys, viz., water, fuel, and land to cultivate and pro-
duce crops and cattle. The absence of these circum-
stances has been the chief cause why hill land, which is
the healthiest, has remained mostly unpeopled, while
towns have multiplied in the valleys.
Commencing such railways from the outskirts of any
large town, and carrying them either, in a straight or
curved line through any thinly• peopled district,
stationary power should be used for .the purposes of
traction, either by the atmospheric or other medium ;
amongst other advantages, preventing risk of fire.
Pipes for water to be laid the whole length of the
line.

Pipes for liquid manure to be laid the whole length of
the line.
Pipes for gas to be laid the whole length of the line.
And the roadway should be of ample width for two
lines, with carriages or travelling platforms not less than
ten feet in width, and of proportionate length. One line
might be laid first.
The various pipes should all be laid so as to be acces-
sible at all times for repairs and junctions.
The stationary steam-power to be placed at every two
or three miles distance.

We quote the following passage from the Westminster
Review :

"At the station we would inclose, on the cheapest
plan of an ordinary railway terminus, from two to four
acres of land in a square form, with brick walls, say 20
feet high. The root' to be in spans of fifty to sixty feet,
formed of iron, and supported on iron columns. The
whole of this we would cover in with hail-proof glass—
a process that will be ultimately cheaper than slating,
and far more durable. In Belgium, we believe, at this
time, glass for greenhouse purposes is sold at the rate of
10s. per 100 superficial feet, weighing 14 ounces to the
foot. We are much mistaken if the two railway mag-
nates who have just established a glass-works in Sunder-
land will not produce it cheaper than this.
"Around the outer wall we would erect dwellings of
two floors, leaving four gateways into the inner square.
The exuvice from these buildings would be carried by
pipes to a common receptacle, to be supplied to the pur-
poses of manure, so chemically prepared en the plans of
Liebig as to neutralise all odour. The number of dwel-
lings surrounding an inclosure of four acres would be
about eighty. Assuming four grown persons for
each, the exuvim would be equivalent to manure
the heavy corn crops of 160 acres of ground, and be
worth 300/. per annum, or more.
" The internal building or green-house would thus be
very cheaply attained. The external walls would be
gratuitous, as being part of the houses, and the central
columns would serve as rain conduits, the ground-work
would require no paving or laying, and the only real
cost would be the roof.

" The application of this large green-house would be
for the production of vegetables in the winter time. Four
acres thus inclosed and sheltered would be multiplied in
value many fold. Produced on the very verge of the
railway, the crops would be gathered and delivered
direct into the markets of the City within an hour of
cutting. At other p -riods the external land could be
applied to the same purposes.
" For all these arrangements the steam-engine would
be a most valuable adjunct. The waste steam would
warm the green-house and the dwellings, and would
serve the purposes of cooking either in a general kitchen
or separately. The condensation water would supply
baths, and thus be rendered available for irrigative pur-
poses. It would servo also for washing clothes, and the
steam would serve for drying them.
" The question that will be asked How will all
this pay ?' We answer, that it will pay better than a
railway. Each house will be worth 4/. per annum in
exuvim, which would pay all the interest in the inner in-
closure or green-house. The next question will be,
Who will occupy the dwellings ?' We answer, that
there will be manyfold more applicants than dwellings.
The railway will ultimately communicate with the City
and Hungerford-markets. Many thousands of persons
are there in those neighbourhoods who would think the
millennium come if told that they could have houses
warmed, ventilated, gas-lighted, thoroughly drained,
and supplied with hot and cold water in a healthy
country district, transit included, for less money than
they could obtain the same for in London. Our pages
will not afford epace for all the calculations, but we are
satisfied that those interested would find it a ' Pay-
ing speculation,' more secure than a railway.
We are satisfied that with such arrangements
no long time would elapse ere the washing,
cooking, and domestic service of the whole estab-
lishment would merge in one general body of servants,
precisely like the establishments at club-houses. A
school for the children would be a matter of course.
" At intervals between the atmospheric stations it
would be advantageous to place factories, involving no
nuisances, such factories having sidings to the railway.
In all cases we suppose the smoke nuisance to be
abolished. Say that a cotton mill or silk mill were esta-
blished, all the exuvire would be pumped away to the
neighbouring land, and the waste steam and condensation
water would be appliedto baths and numerous other pur-
poses. Contiguous to such factories should be the esta-
blishment of dairies, well built and thoroughly warmed
and ventilated, so that the cows would never be exposed
to bad weather. Feeding houses for sheep and other
animals should be established on the same principles,
slaughter-houses being contiguous, fitted to preserve the
greatest cleanliness, by an abundant supply of hot and
cold water, the washings being applied to irrigation pur-
poses. Milk, meat, and vegetables thus produced on the
borders of the railway, in the very finest condition,
would he conveyed to town at the minimum of cost, and
in the highest state of freshness and preservation.
" In thus interspersing factories and furnaces—always
regarding the steam-engine as a sine qua 7)n for the
nucleus of each, a most important advantage is gained.
The same persons may apply themselves either to form
work or finishing work, as the demand may be greatest.
In the winter the factories would have the preference,
in the summer the furnaces, and all times it would be
easy to obtain abundant hands for gatheing in the
harvest ; and we think it probable that a large inclosed
space, roofed with glass, and warmed and ventilated will
ere long be considered an essential adjunct to every farm,
for the purpose of drying dung and corn during a wet
harvest time. During the late gloomy weather it would
have been well appreciated."
It is manifest that every acre of land so inclosed and
covered, would in its food-producing power be equivalent
to five or six acres cf exposed land. A succession of
crops might be maintained during the whole winter, and
land external to these buildings would be irrigated with
liquid manures, and supplied with plants produced in the
green-houses.
At the extremity of the first portion of road—say
six miles—a church, a lecture-room, a reading-room,
and schools, to be erected, so that the whole population
along the line might easily be conveyed by a single train,
and returned in the same mode.
The whole borders of the line of rail, of the width of
one-third of a mile, would become a belt of the most
productive kitchen-gardens, the stock of which could be
conveyed to the town at the very minimum of cost.
Other two-thirds of a mile would be occupied by grass
and corn land, capable of irrigation by liquid manure
from pipes. At the distance of another mile another
railway should be laid down.
The whole of the roofs of the buildings should be
arranged to turn the rain-water into reservoirs, as the
m a 5
ring them—almost
cheapest mode of supply in a district scarce of water.
i33' .
farm stthoaecnskde flrots of
distances
at present incurred in conveying
arrant
meats, nearly the whole of the ex-
pensesistances to railway stations,
drawbacks wo uolnd
allbe
sfaaavrvomei ddi
ne, dga,.n ad nlcdfo
ont
rhveeeoyyv
c are
t o nearlywithout cost—a mode of manuring far more valuable
than guano.
When the whole land along the line of road were oc-
cupied, it would yield a very large rental, so that the
road might almost be considered gratuitous as regarding
conveyed to
the land s
most
heavy
requiring, e tuilie exuvise would be
transit ; and then another three miles should be carried
on, capital being only invested as fast as it became pro-
fitable.
In this mode the whole of England would gradually
be covered with a net-work of what might be called
"occupation railways ;" and farms and gardens would be
adjusted to a new system, capable of being adapted to
machine help as manufactories and mills are. At con-
venient intervals these occupation railways would com-
municate with the main lines, with rivers, and with

the sea.
Their cost would not be great, because, not requiring
to communicate directly with any particular spot, they
would be laid out so as to avoid any expensive works,
such as crossing rivers and piercing hills. Nor would
very high speed be required for transit. Roads and haul-
age on farms may be regarded as the heaviest expenses ;
and no road can be so economical as an iron road—no
horses can be so cheap as steam. With the present ir-
regular system of farms, railways are impracticable ;
with a regular system there w-9uld be no difficulty, It

costs more money to transport heavy goods from Staf-
fordshire to Liverpool than from Liverpool to New York.
Farming and gardening conducted on the borders of
railways would make as great a leap forward as is the
case with railway traction compared with highway trac •
tion. Soils would be interchanged ; clays would be
moved to sand, and chalks to clays. England would
grow to be one continuous garden of immeasurably in-
creased production, and land would rise greatly in value.
No country could compete with sucha system in cheap-
ness of production, except by pursuing the same system.
The making of railways has hitherto been • the busi-
ness of speculators, seeking to change an existing traffic
from one set of hands to another. And well have they
done it, with profitto themselves and to the nation. But
the business of the landowner is to resolve on making
railways to create their own traffic, and raise the value
of their land.
In process of time all roads of every description w'

become railways ; even streets in towns will lie laid out
of sufficient width for rails. And nothing would so much
tend to the civilization of Ireland as occupation railways;
nothing could bring so large a return to the landowners;
nothing could be so effective in putting down agrarian
outrage as a continuous line of railway farms cultivated
on the economical principles that would afford good
wages to the labourers, by reducing transport to its
minimum. The railways with artificial watercourses
would attract to them all the best of the population.
It is possible that the system thus set forth may, by
many, be deemed fallacious, but the writer is well
assured to the contrary. He says, there is no single thing
that he proposes that is not to be found in actual prac-
tice in one form or other. Of the economy of the vari-
ous propositions, no mill-owner would doubt, accustomed
to the advantages of machinery, and easy means of trans-
port; nor would agriculturists long doubt.
The originality to which the writer may lay claim is,
the application of occupation railways as agricultural
and manufacturing streets, and combining with them all
the known processes which substitute steam power for
manual and animal labour, together with various im-
proved modes of applying the gaseous and other exuvim
of animal life to the nutriment of plants as set forth by
the various professors of vegetable chemistry. The
writer can make no claim to the use of liquid manures,
or their conveyance by pipes, or application by forced
jets over land, but simply to render them practically
available in conjunction with railways. The passing
water pipes along a railway has been resorted to in the
north for the supply of a town with water, but not for
the supply of a population bordering on the railway.
And the proposition to cover acres of land with glass for
the production of vegetables in winter, and warming
and watering with warm mist such inclosed lands, and
applying gaseous vapours for plant nourishment, is, we
believe, original in its application. Nor are we aware
that it has yet occurred to coal owners to convert their
stock into gas at the pit's mouth, and convey it along
the line of rails in pipes for the purpose of serving a
railway population.
There is another original proposition of the writer,
which, if his calculations be correct, is likely to make a
great change in the processes of agriculture.
"To convey artificial heat beneath the earth, on open
land, so as constantly to maintain the temperature suited
to the growth and development of the vegetable tribes
by means of pipes of metal or earthenware, circulating
steam, or hot water or air from a close boiler, or stove.
These pipes to be laid at depths of from four to five feet,
in the manner of deep drainage ; also by a similar pro-
cess to inject the ground with gaseous manure, as am-
monia and carbon, so that the heat and gases may be
constantly ascending towards the surface, and thus be
absorbed by the roots of the plants without waste, and
with great economy.
"By our calculations the consumption of two tons of
coal per acre, per annum, will supply heat for the pro-
duction of crops throughout the year, and probably coal
will be delivered along lines of railway at an average of
Bs. per ton. Along lines of atmospheric railway the
stationary engines would supply the steam or hot water,
and we shall yet see the time when rails will be laid
along the surfaces of our fields whereon cylinder harrows
will tumble down by the same stationary power, to break
the violent fragments fit for the growth of plants. Nor
is this artificial warming of the subsoil a mere theory.
In some parts of Saxony the heat arising from burning
coal-mines below so tempers [the soil above that snow
never lies on it, and crops are produced throughout the
whole winter."

Professor Liebig says—
"
These propositions for combining chemical and me-
chanical knowledge in a large and hrrmonious whole
will meet with much opposition. It will be disputed in
numerous ways ; it will be cavilled over—it will be
asserted over and over again, that no railway can pay
without an existing traffic,. but inasmuch as the plan is
based on unquestionable economical truth, it will at last
be tried. For as the traffic of the existing railways was
created by favourable natural localities inducing people
to reside therein, the same result must obtain from
favourable artificial localities."

But who will try it ? Not a company, for it would
not come under the category of a strict public object,
though of the greatest possible importance to the public.
Individual powerful landowners might combine and try
it, but long and tedious would be the process of getting

them togeiher. It were an undertaking worthy of the
State, but the State undertakes only the arts of war.
Yet whoever undertakes it, and carries it well through,
will establish a normal school of national industry that
will induce universal imitation, multiply manifold the
capital and resources of this great nation, and do more
than any other thing to extinguish poverty.
Be the time long -or short, we feel assured that the
words of the writer will not perish, but in due time
become things, and bring forth fruit. They will be
weighed throughout the railway press of Europe and of
America ; for in his proposition is to be found the true
mode of restoring to agriculture the balance of the power
it has lost by th onward strides of manufacture.

ACCIDENT ON THE LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM
RAlLWAL—Yesterclay considerable . sensation prevailed in
the City, consequent on a rumour that another accident of a
serious nature had taken place on the London and Binning-
ham Railway. The circumstance which gave rise to this
rumour was the fact-that the letters which arrived in town
from Liverpool and other places in that direction, per the
Liverpool mail, were not delivered until upwards of an hour
after the regular time. On the reporter instituting inquiries
he had supplied to him officially, by the authorities of the
railway, the following particulars :—The four o'clock down
luggage train left the Camden station for Birmingham yester-
pay morning at its usual hour, and proceeded at its prescribed
pace down the line. On arriving within about a mile and
a half of the Harrow station, and but a short distance
from the West London Junction, the engine-driver of the
luggage train was astonished to find his speed greatly to
increase, and on looking round he discovered that the train
had become detached, and that he was only proceeding with
half the number of carriages he had set out with. He in-
stantly shut off the steam and put down his break, and the
result was that the detached portion of the train, which still
had great impetus on it, ran into the waggons preceding with
sufficient violence to throw them over, together with the
merchandise they contained, on to the up-line. Two or
-three carriages were thus situated, and as the Liverpool mail
train-was nearly due, men were dispatched to stop it at the
Harrow station, and a large body of men having been em-
ployed, the line was cleared, no further injury happening
than the detention of the Liverpool mail fifty-three minutes
beyond its proper time. The cause of the gain becoming
detached was the breaking of one of the coupling chains by
which the carriages were connected together, on accou.7t of
the immense strain upon it, created by the weight it hau
to bear, the train being an unusually long one. After con-
siderable delay the luggage train was enabled to proceed on

its journey. -
VESTRY MEETING, ST. PAUL'S, DEPTFORD.-- On
Thursday evening a vestry meeting of the parish of St. Paul,
Deptford, was called for the purpose of defining what should
be the duties of the - person who might be elected to the
vacant office of parish surveyor. The vestry having been
opened with the usual formalities, and Mr. Churchwarden
Prsis called to the chair, a long string of resolutions, de-
fining such duties, prepared by the parochial board, was read
to the meeting. - After some considerable discussion, it was
moved by Mr. J. Wade that the resolutions proposed by the
parochial board be adopted, and that the salary of the sur-
veyor be 601. per annum. A person named Wyman
attempted to address the meeting twice, amidst cries of
" Turn him out," "Sit down'," cheers, fisses, &c. Mr.
Crossley then attempted to obtain a hearing; but it was
some time before he could proceed, in consequence of the same
disgraceful conduct, nor until the Chairman had several times
called order, and requested a fair hearing for all. Mr. Cross-
ley then, in a speech of some length, during which he was
frequently interrupted, gave his reasons for moving an
amendment, which was, "That this vestry do now adjourn
for six months." Again was the uproar repeated, and which
lasted for some time. However, on a show of hands being
taken, the amendment was lost, and the original motion
carried by a large majority. No sooner was it announced
from the chair that the motion was carried, than some person
in the body of the church exclaimed. "Ledger for ever"—(one
-of the candidates). This was responded to by this gentle-
man's partisans with three cheers, waving of hats, &c.; and
the same cheering was accorded to the chairman, on his
receiving a vote of thanks. On leaving the church, Mr.
Ledger's friends lined the porch and steps, and on that gen-
tleman making his appearance, received him with the
"Kentish fire.';
PRESTONPANS.—The hundredth anniversary of the
battle of Gladsmuir, or Prestonpans, which was fought on the
21st of September, 1745, was celebrated on Monday last, the
22d inst., by a pilgrimage to the scene of the battle,•of the
Mechanics' Friendly Society of Edinburgh, and the Preston
pans Benefit Society, amounting in all to upwards of 120
members. The procession took place at Musselburgh, with
bands of music and flags, and proceeded along to erestonpans,-
- and all the interesting points of the battle-ground were gone
over, including the house. of Colonel Gardiner, which was
liberally shown to the societies on the occasion. •In the even-.
ing the parties returned highly pleased with their day's ex-
cursion. In connexion with the above, a gentleman in
Leith has a copy of the Caledonian Mercury, dated 23d of
September, 1745, which contains a full account of the battle
of Prestonpans, with the retreat of Cope, and a list of the
killed and. wounded, concluding with a manifesto of the.
" Prince," . dated at .Holyrood Palace, calling upon all his
loving subjects to lay down their arms of rebellion a.gainat
him, as the result of the battle had fixed his destiny. - When
we look at this memorial of other years, and consider the
change of events that followed, well may we exclaim*, how-
ever trite the atbge—" sic transit gloria mundi."—Calcdonian
Mercury.
WALTHAM FAlR.—Thunday and yesterday this
fair was held. On Thursday there was a splendid show of
cattle, but few or no, purchasefi, although ,the prices,were
very low. Yesterday, which was the `° pleasure-day,
fair was crowded, and proved very lucrative to all who em-
barked in the speculation. On that occasion was presented
everything calculated to please the taste of those who pa-
tronised the fair, which was studded with booths filled with
' the
Be-
sides which, there were innumerable tents supplied with-sub-'
beasts,driul and pugilists.
ing. Amongst the
actorssvtaaii.let
id wonderful otiractions,
axgpilnefigb of teireioabr nt
esia:ldg wilda
stalls
dheld a most prominent
and alluring position, and so- numerous were they, that many
vendors ofgingerbread kings and queens and other great per-
sonages were compelled to go away without being enabled to
obtain a alto for their migratory establishments. On the
whole, the fair proved equally profitable to the lessors and
lessees of the ground.

HOP -PICKING.—Hop-picking has commenced in
the county of Nottingham, and the produce is very light.
The average weight per acre is now estimated at not exceed-
ing two. htmdrcd weight. The hops in Farnham are a!so a
defective crop.—Nottingham Journal,