The Sun.
London, England, 1828-12-05 00:00:00

SURREY SESSIONS, DEc. 4.

Charles Pitman was indicted for stealing a pair of
trousers, and other articles of wearing apparel, the
property of John Yates Cooper, Esq. of Hackney.
The Jury ret:•irncd a valet of Not Guilty.
The same prisoner was a second time indicted for
stealing a silver watch.---Not Guilty.

William Harper was indicted for stealing several
yards of linen from the shop-door of a tradesman in
'Newington. The charge against the prisoner was
fully established against him, and he was found
Guilty; but it appealing, in the course of the te.:ti-
mony given by the witnesses, that the article in
question was exhibited for sale outside the prosecu-
tor's door, the Chairman, on that consideration,
passed a milder sentence on the prisoner than he
would otherwise have been disposed to extend to
him, being an old offender. He was therefore sen-
tenced to six months' imprisonment.

We are requested by Mr. James Scott, soli-
citor, of 15, Lincoln's-Inn-fields, to stare that he is Rot
the party who was the subject of the recent proceedings in
the Court of King's Bench on Thursday last, reported in
this Journal.

A Militia Captain, in BerkAire County
(U. S.) receiving a note from a lidy, requesting the " plea-
sure of his comprmy to tea," understood it as a compliment
to those under his command, and marched the whole of
them to the lady's house.

WHITCHURCII, Nov. 26.—Nothing can ex.-
ceed the consternation oreated here this thu Bank of
Messrs. Cawser, Nayler, and Hassan, being closed. It is
market-day, and the failure of Messrs. Frys and Chap-
man, their London agents, caused a general demand to be
made upon them for the balances in their hands. I un-
derstand that they had 45,0001. at Messrs. Frys, and that
they confidently expect to be able to meet every call upon
them, but thought it more honourable to stop at once, and
let all the creditors have an equal chance than to pay all
the demands upon them this day, and be obliged to suspend
their payments, most probably, on Monday or Tuesday, if
tho run should continue. No doubt is entertained of the
ultimate solvency of the firm. Mr. Cawser possesses con-
siderable property in the county, as indeed, do both the
other partners. Mr. Hassan has long been in an infirm
state of health, and it is feared this shock will hasten his
dissolution. The shock to the numerous farmers, &c. at-
tending the Whitchurch market this day, is beyond de-
scription. I shall send you any further authentic particu-
lars in a day or two.—Morning Paper.

SIX FEET Cum.—Yesterday, the Six Feet
Club opened their new Hall in East nistle-street, when
the competition for the Scottish broad-sword medal, took
place in presence of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. umpire of the
Club, Professor Wilson, Mr. Shene of Rubishov, and a
number of the members and other gentlemen. After a
keen and dexterous contest, which ultimately lay betwixt
Mr. M'Farlane and Mr. M'Millan, the former got the
medal by seven hits to six, in the course of a protracted,
skilful, and interesting conflict in which both gentlemen
displayed such equality of proficiency, that the Judges
were difficulted to decide betwixt them, and a concluding
round settled the matter by only one hit of superiority.
We are happy to see this manly and national exercise still
cultivated by gentlemen, and hope this thriving young club
will not abate in their attention to it. Professor Wilson,
one of the Judges, presented Mr. M‘Farlane with the
medal, and expressed himself in terms of great kindness to
Mr. MTarlane, and the other gentlemen of the club. We
need not add, that Sir Walter's appearance was hailed with
every mark of respect, and hailed as an auspicious omen to
the institution.—Edinburgh Observer.

ALLEGED MURDER.—John Pike, and his
wife Mary, labourers, in the vicinity of Oswestry, were
last week committed to Shrewsbury gaol, charged with the
wilful murder of their niece, Elizabeth Pike. The poor
girl, it appears, had been bereaved of her Either some
short time ago, and having gone to reside with the pri-
soners, the aunt was observed one morning correcting the
child rather severely, and on being taken to task, she said
" she did not care if she were hanged for it." Shortly
after a lady and gentleman, travelling in a gig on the road,
observed the uncle driving the child before him with con-
siderable severity, and striking and kicking it whenever it
slackened its pace. Three days afterwards the child died ;
and a Coroner's Jury being summoned to investigate, they
returned a verdict of " Wilful Murder" against both toe
prisoners.

Sir,---In compliance with the directions contained in
your letter of the 15th of March last, we have the honour
to transmit a return of the counties reported upon, and of
those either nut reported open, or not wholly reported
upon : of the number of charities investigated, and the in-
come of each charity in such county respectively ; distin-
guishing, as far as Ave have been enabled, whether the same
be real or personal estate. It will be obvious that in this
distinction entire accuracy could not be attained ; the sum
total, however, of the income of all the charities investiga-
ted amounts to between 480,0001. and 500,0001. per an-
num, as will appear from these returns.
We have the honour to be, Sir,
Your most obedient humble servants,
C. MANNERS SUTTON,
JOHN ST. ASAPH,
STOWELL,
W. GRANT,
J. W. WARREN,
W. GRANT,
W. ROBERTS
W. MATHEWS,
JAMES M‘M A HON,
DANIEL FINCH,
S. B. BURNABY,
GEORGE DANIELL.

Right Hon. Robert Peel, &c.

No._I.7.COUNTIES N

IT REPORTED UPON.

Bucks ' --
-•—
- -.l.ei;;; --
Cambridge . Lincoln
Chester Monmouth
Cornwall Norfolk
Dorset Northumberland
Durham Wilts
Huntingdon Principality of Wales.
N. B.—There are sevcral other charities in the above
counties, of which the ch,n•tered companies in London are
trustees, and which had been investigated and reported in
the London Reports, among the charities under the ma-
nagement of those companies respectively.

No. 2.—COUNTIES & P
County of Bedford

Berhs
Cunlberland
Derby
Devon
EFsex

City rind County of Glou-

ce-ster
County of Gloucester

iferts
Kent
Lsneaster
Corporation of London
London :—Charities under•
the management of the
Chartered Companies
City of London
County of 'AI iddlesex
Northampton
Nottingham
Oxford
Rutland
Salop

City and county of the City
of Bristol

,ACES INVESTIGATED.
County of Somerset
Southampton
Isle of Wight
County of Stafford

Suffolk •
Surrey
Borough of Southwark
County of Sussex

Warwick
Westmoreland
City and County of the City

Of Worcester
County of Worcester
City and County of the City

of York
County of York—East Ri-
ding
County of York—North Ri-
ding
County of York—West Ri-
ding

EGYPT.

General Charities.

EXTRACT FROM A MEMOIR ON EGYPT AND MEHEMET

ALI, BY AN AUSTRIAN OFFICER.

Very inaccurate, or at least imperfect ideas, are
still entertained respecting Egypt, and the ex-
traordinary man who presides over her destinies.
Placed between two great and powerful parts
of the globe, anti fronting Europe, less fertile,
indeed, but infinitely superior in population and
industry, Egypt possesses in her position, an
advantage which attracts to her shores the com-
merce of the whole world, particularly as she
owns the only safe port of any capacity in that
part of the Levant. The caravans, which pene-
trate to the interior of the country, and return,
both by land and water, loaded with the produce
of Africa, destined to be embarked upon the
Red Sea for Arabia, and the most distant Eng-
lish possessions, render this country the entrepot
of the commerce of the world.

The produce of her soil and industry, which
Egypt sends to the markets of Alexandria, would
be sufficient in itself to render that city one of the
most important and extensive places of com-
merce, and the present Viceroy, Mehemet-Ali,
aware of that fact, has made it his object to in
crease the trade of Alexandria ever since he suc-
ceeded in ridding himself of the Mamelouk
Chiefs, by encouraging agriculture, industry, and
commerce, and, above all, by improving the
moral and intellectual condition of the country
he governs, which he has effected in a sensible
degree.
It is well known that an immense difference
exists between the present and the former state
of Egypt, particularly before the entrance of the
French towards the end of the preceding century.
Many articles before unknown to her commerce,
are now cultivated there, and civilization con-
stantly progressing with its necessary conse-
quences,—luxury introduces the use of
maehinys,
haveto o, thatgoiie
to a
and various products of European industry, the
demand for which daily increases, giving activity
to the circulation, and causing also an increase
of
numberexports.
European It
families,
sll o u d added,
who
Egypt to reside there, and enjoy repose under
o f
the shade of an administration
not
less mild than
protecting, contribute very much to this in-
crease of industry and commerce by their con-
sumption of produce, and still more by the im-
mense foreign traffic which they carry on.
All the vital resources of the country, neu-
tralized a short time back by a brutal and grasp-
ing despotism, and by intestine dissensions, now
gain consistence and feel a gradual improvement
under the care of a Government, actively em-
ployed in giving them relief.
Yet, notwithstanding all these innovations, so
advantageous to Egypt, it must not be supposed
that a full and unrestricted freedom of trade ob-
tains there. The Pacha monepolizes foreign
commerce as well as almost every other branch
of industry. His own ships or vessels are bought
or hired of other nations, receive their cargo
from his agents, transport the merehandize, pro-
visions, and produce of the soil not only to
Turkey, to the ports of Italy, France, and Aus-
tria, but even to England, Holland, and the very
extremities of the north. This extraordinary
man, Nxhose merit is not, perhaps, sufficiently
well known, seems to possess qualities which
render him worthy to enjoy all kinds of mono-
polies. His genius, his unbending firmness,
have rooted out all that was hurtful, all that was
barbarous even in the public administration.
Foreigners arc permitted, as well • as the natives,
to traverse without restraint the whole extent of
the vast and interesting countries under his go-
vernment. He has thus confirmed the funda-
mental principle of commerce, while he encou-
rages at the same time the propagation of every
useful knowledge.
But it is asked, will this amelioration in the

ha
to
On the other hand, we must not omit to men-
tPi°anchaonheas of
ia h moopsptose, e rwehni iiheass
st,
chile
—choppo
the most obstinate resistance to his splendid and
beneficent projects,—which bends not but with
pain; and is ever prepared to revolt against his
mighty perseverance. This enemy is prejudice,
partly consecrated by religion, but whose influ-
ence is chiefly strengthened by time. That. in-
fluence will, however, be destroyed as soon as
experience shall convince the people that the
Paella's measures promote their interest and
commercial prosperity. With the Egyptians, as
with all other people, interest is the prime mover.
Mehemet All, who allows no means to escape
him of increasing his revenue, applied himself to
re-open an old and. rich mine of Egyptian enm.
merce,—namely, the trade with the Indies. ,Mr.
Brigg, the English Consul at Alexandria, had
made a brilliant fortune in those climates, and
preserved there the most extensive relations.
The Viceroy was
.desirous of participating in
this gentleman's speculatiOns, and devoted very
considerable sums to the execution of their en-
terprises. A series of unfortunate circumstances
however occurred, which confounded their well-
combined plans ; and among ethers, the war
with the Wacchabites occasioned great losses. to
the Viceroy. He lost, in the traffic with India,
incalculable sums. But if fortune deserted him
on that occasion, she always smiled on every en-
terprise he undertook in Egypt. The manufac-
tures which he founded have attained the highest
degree of prosperity.
The annals of Egypt represent to us a country
torn, during'the greater part of modern times, by
civil dissentions,—the theatre of frightful deeds
and terrific tragedies. From the middle of the
IBth century Egypt groaned under the ferocious
dominion of the Mainelukes, her masters at that
time, who reduced her to the last point of misetv.
Commerce, and every thing connected. therewith
agriculture, and even the soil itself, sank tf, such
a state of degradation, that Egypt,• once so
opulent as to supply with food, not only the ad-
jacent countries, but to be one of the granaries
of Rome, the mistress of the world,—Egypt
could with difficulty support her population, re-
duced to 2,500,000, and was not able to pay the
taxes with which her oppressors loaded her.
This it was which rendered her always subject to
foreign influence. Mehemet Ali could bear this
no longer ; and, incited by ambition, he dis-
covered, by his genius alone, the means of Ope El.•
ing again the source of the happiness and ancierg
wealth of Egypt, and of triumphing over the
obstacles which opposed his generous purpose.
His treasury soon became filled, and he found
himself in a condition to carry into execution his
projects of conquest in the interior of Africa,
his march against the Wacchabites, and his pi-
arimaabes to the tomb of the Prophet. His
economy likewise put it in his power to or-
ganize that land and naval force which, under
the command of his son Ibrahim, has proved t:o
formidable to the Greeks. • .

Thus Mehemet has reached a superiority,
which not only assures to him the most marked
preponderance over the surrounding States, but
makes his dependance on the Porte, except so
far as regards matters of religion, merely nominal.
It cannot therefore be uninteresting to examine
the present state of Egypt under the Govern-
ment of Mehemet, and to observe the method
which he has adopted to raise her to the degree
of amelioration in which she now stands.

The capacity of the soil, the fundamental basis
of the prosperity of Egypt, was the first object
of serious attention to the Government. the
land, laid waste by continual wars, and neglected
by the unfortunate cultivators, whose labours
were incessantly interrupted, produced nothing
beyond what was strictly necessary for consump-
urrepgoisseteorsf
tion. The preceding Administration knew not
in fact, its extent, and were content to multiply
alallnctirsa,ckosie of
Ini land.ture oc
ia, ptahbel es 0
il of
the imposts, without caring about their just pro-
portion.
The first care of Mehemet was to induce
pgeometersrociucing to,focri: e frolinliEu
su roa:erifeourlttliiirealp
omf. wereatkhi
ei;goarpn: 1:e. roCl:ii si
al which
toc:l
and its boundaries.

The most considerable Sheiks, and skilful
judges, being
first sworn, were appointed to pro-
nounce upon these points, and to suggest in
what manner the greatest good could be pro-
duced under the circumstances of the country.
This purpose was accomplished in a very short
space of time.
The Viceroy then directed the cultivation of
corn most fitted to the nature of the soil. To
leilieNrt,g, a:y,r
second, as far as depended on himself', these
the land, to sow in each part of their farms the
measures, he caused a certain number of new
canals to be dug, and the old ones destined to
fertilize Lower Egypt to the mouths of the Nile,
to be cleansed and repaired. In a short time
es iot,l,baoesi ell,raionluilesnegi:lou
fromsi
ss
iiill(ei
the land produced a great deal more than was
necessary for the supply of the inhabitants, and
was soon found to export grain.
isiii'll'orlmi:•ll'itlisicilicmoitton7lnaeedirict
This was not enough for the P '
acoa,---he was
desirous of effeetin,still further good ; and with
this view he incited sometribes • •
of Beduins from
the Deserts of Arabia, to
whom he offered lands
upon the frontiers, on d' •
eon awns profitable to
he state. These
invitations were for the most
part accepted, and a double 1 • t' re results to
at ‘an at,
: thoc
andcl lethargy
tlail
the country from this measure ; for while tracks of
lands which hitherto lay fallow became cultivated
and yielded a revenue, the nomadc hordes, which
disturbed the peaceable I i bi
.ia_ _tants, and often
pillaged them in despite of the menaces of the
Govermnent, are now transformed into husband.
men, cultivating in tranquillity the territory which
they before devastated, and rendered henceforth
its . natural defenders against similar hostile
' aggressions.
Formerly these hordes of robbers often ex-
tended their irruptions to the very walls of Alex-
andria and Cairo, but they were in particular
dreaded by villages along the coast. Neutralized
to the country, these Bedouins' form an excel-
lent stock of warriors, of which advantage has
already been taken.

The soil of Egypt frequently varies, but with
the exception of some marshy districts and un-
cultivated lands bordering on the Desert, it i:-,
every where fertile, and principally the Delta in
Lower Egypt, and the countries of Fritun and
Faytnn in Upper and Middle Egypt.