The Sun.
London, England, 1826-12-19 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

(From the Pilate of Saturday.)
VITTORIAi DEC. 7.,---Not long since there was at tor°
a meeting of Generals Longa, Captain-General of Old
Castile; Egnia, of Galicia; and the Count D'Espagne.
—These three General Officers belong to the Apostolic
faction. They are said to have determined upon taking
all possible means to assist in the overthrow of-the Con-
stitutional system in Portugal, and, in ease of need, to
oppose every system contrary to that by which Spain has
been oppressed for these four years. These gentlemen.
have not obtained all the success they expected. We
learn from eye witnesses that Longa, having assembled the
1,00 armed Royalist Volunteers at Valladolid, to tell
them that their participation was depended upon in a cru-
sade against Portugal, only forty men offered themselves,
and the remainder refused to march. At Toro, of a thou-
sand volunteers, a smaller number offered than •at
Valladolid.—The result of the same operation in Galicia
and elsewhere is not known; but it is not doubted that it
has been as unsuccessful as in time places which we have
mentioned.

The Ist Regiment of Cavalry of St. James, which was
in garrison at Burgos and 'Valencia, has just set out for the
frontiers of Portugal. Other troops are on their march
from several points for the same destination.
Unheard-of efforts are made at all points by the'forious
Apostolics, who know very well that the existence of the
Portuguese Government would be their death-blow. - Ac-
cordingly we see the old Officers who belonged to the
Army of the Faith traversing our provinces in all direc-
tions, to make proselytes. The enrolment of several bat-
talions is already spoken of. Our province is to furnish
twenty-five, as well as 'Biscay,. and Navarre is to raise
thirty. In the latter province it is reported that the
formation of them has begun, by order. of Juanito. The
Valley of Bastan has already eighty men under arms.
Two thousand muskets have been taken front the arsenal
of Pampehmn. These arms doubtless belong to the
Spaniards.
All this awakens many reflections. Does it not seem
that, as in 1818, every thing is done that suits the British
Government, better than if that Government had itself
dictated what is done?
It is not two or three thouhind deserters, who have
violated the Portuguese territory, that can give reason to
fear the overthrow of the new institutions given by its le-
gitimate King.

(From the Constitutionnel.)
PARIS, DEC. 15.—1 t was expected that, from the very
complicated and important events which are daily taking
place, the Elective Chamber would hasten to perform the
preliminary business of the Session, and assemble in num-
bers sufficient to open the Session legally. Those who
were at their post performed their duty ; but what was
our astonishment on learning, that for three days they
were not able to proceed to the scrutiny, which should
return five candidates for the presidency. Our surprise
was still increased on hearing that the number of Members
registered at the Bureaux of the Quest►tre amounted to
two hundred and thirty-four. From this it would appear
that forty-three Members actually in Puris failed to attend
their duty yesterday. Such a fact must give rise to many
conjectures. It is asked if the Ministry, who are sure of
a majority, does not wait to see what turn the affairs of
Portugal will take before they give the Chamber the ex-
planation which will no doubt be demanded ? For our-
selves, we are quite sure that the aspect of politiCal affairs
presents importunities to the minds of the Ministers, and
they prefer to hide themselves for a while in the subter-
raneoms passages of a vulgar diplomacy rather than give
the information desired.

,
But great interests are at
.. stake ; the present and the fu.
lure are alike compromised, and every body is attentive.
It is not merely the Portuguese Charter, nor the interests
of Don Pedro or Don Miguel,but the destiny of European
and the very existence of society, liberally eon•
stit cited, that demand consideration. The Ministry cannot
possibly be Silent muter cireumstances so solemn. They
must nreesaatily take. a part ; we shall tee whether it will
be that of Immarity and pistiee.
The late sittings of the Imperial Parliament of (beat
Britain have become the signal of a new struggle which is
likely to bring into collision a series of important state
questions, which the blindness only of improvidence and
folly mill(' suppose to have. been already settled defini-
tively. The cure taken by Me; Canning to bring before
the ('ominous all the European treaties concluded within
the political period which has now ended, shows clearly
the resolution of the British Cabinet to consider hence-
forward, in ease of need, as null and void, the conditions
stipulated in those treaties ; justifying themselves by. the
manifest violation, on the part of Spain, of conventions .en-
tered into between England and Portugal.
Our Apostolies flattered themselves that England would
observe neutrality in the aflairs of the Peninsula.; as if it
were possible, in a Government truly national, for Mini-
sters tio trample under foot the sanctity of treatiesi by com-
promising the honour of that nation, which they are called
upon to govern. That expert statesman, Mr. Canning,
knew how to appreciate his position; le felt the full
weight of the duty he had to perform ; and, instead of
shrinking back, he bus taken his position in the advance
ground.

When England, at the first signal, sent off to Lisbon 20
regiments—when she threatens on every side to raise the
cry of war, can it be imagined that she adopts such serious
resolutions for the mere purpose of driving the Marquis de
Chaves and-M. Silveira from Portugal ?. This firstresult
of her proceedings could not be doubted; but this object
once obtained, who will believe that the British Govern-
ment will be content with mounting guard in view of the
frontiers of Spain, on a line of 200 leagues of territory, to
prevent the renewal of an attempt which she has just re-
pressed? As to the expence of the expedition and the
war, will it be cheerfully borne by England? hi she ac.
(loomed to do such things? It is not, however, on
Portugal that it will fall. But is it not clear, from the
language of Earl Bathurst and Mr. Canning, that it is
against Spain, and not against the Marquis de Chaves,
that England demands ,satisfaction for the outrage offered
to her ally.
What pact will our troops in Spain act ? Listen to
those to those who. pretend to be in the confidence of M.
Villele. They say, and repeat it to all the simpletons who
will hear them, that every thing has been foreseen and cal.
culated beforehand by M.. Villele; that their patron hue
an understanding with Mr. Canning; they even add, that
M. Villele is too subtle (fin) (so they express themselves)
to be taken unawares ; as if Mr. Canning was not also,
notwithstanding, whatever understanding he may have en,
tenni iota with M. Villele, sufficiently subtle to estimate
the -situation of the President of the Council, or could be
ignorant that it is out of the power of the State to.observe
any conventions which have not been ratified by the con..
gregation or that any durable or sincere agreemetit could
possibly .be _entered into between the Minister of one coun-
try, who found bimsolf placed at the head of a nation with-
out any thing to dissemble or fear, and the Nifiill4l7 of
a country who cannot move a step except in an anti-na-
tional way, who has not even a party to support him, and
who is besieged by a faction who domineer over him, and,
in fine, whose entire power is concentrated among the
broi(ers on Change.
But they add, ST, Viiiete is deiighted that the shield is
raised by England; it will be u pretext for withdrawing
our troops from Spain, end be desires nothing- more, The
govern Spain, are teased by the pre.
sauce
a
ekof tlitseol.'reli tubs
troops, so great is their blindness and
audacity. Spain must then struggle alone, with her own
resources, against the colossal powers of England ; and
these are the fruitii France will gather by sending
her armies across the Pvrenee;;—fot all the services she had
relidero Spain

bear what our Apostolies,
on the other hand, our Con-
gregationistti anti Ultrainontanists say less blind
than those in the Peninsula, with whom they are so closely
linked ; they, too, wish that France may make war on
England. Where. are her resources to support her in a
war When the Derties of the left side reproached M.

Villele twenty times for his improvidence in this respect,
his constant reply was, " What
,occasion have we of pre-
parations for war ? War is impossible." But do those
who speak of drawing the sword, think on the conse-
quences of such a fatal determination ? Are they not aware
that England is mistress of the sea ; that our ships of war,
our merchant vessels, and our colonies must become the
pray of the leopard ? Public credit is already shaken and
almost annihilated; hundreds of thousands of operatives
are reduced to absolute want and beggary. What a time
to speak of war ! When our manufactures are in the most
alarming state of.depression, our industry captive, and la-
bour of everdylescription suspended—when the approach-
ing termination of the year brings apprehension of the
most dqlorable catastrophe !
In fact, this would-be the consequence to France of the
war which the Apostolica are not afraid to invoke. We
have at sea 500 millions of floating capital, 200 millions
of bills of exchange which might be protested ; the sale
of wines at Bordeaux would immediately cease, as well as
that of Cognac brandy—an enormous loss to the revenue
of the State, and of the interest of individuals.. The fa-
brics of cotton wool and silk would be closed in six weeks;
the book trade would sustain a loss of thirty millions; the
measures taken by. M. Moustier, at Madrid, have already
caused a loss to this branch of industry of seven millions.
In fine, French commerce would sustain a loss of fifty
millions in little works of art, fashion, &c. Bu such is
the New Year's gift which the Congregation would give
to France !

(From the Quotidienne of Friday.)
EXAMINATION OF• MR. CANNING'S SPEECH.

Examining, with some attention, Mr. Canning's speech
to Parliament to solicit an Address on the Message of the
King of England, a natural and fundamental question
, arises—With what Power does Great Britain go to war ?
The Hon. Secretary of State well establishes, with 'histo-
rical recollections, and the text of treaties, that Erigland
must of necessity support Portugal, its ancient ally; but
no article of the documents which he has submitted to the
Commons, we must say it, provides for the case, which to-
day presents itself—namely, that of an armed intervention
on the part of England against Portugal itself. Mr. Canning
acknowledged this great difficulty, in a preceding Session
of Parliament, that England should not intermeddle in the
war of opiniong; for the opinions of parties, unless the
sense of words be changed, are not displayed out of a na-
tion, and the foreign interference which assists one party
sooner than another, exceeds the limits of a regular al-
liance between nations. The Hon. Secretary of State, in
justifying the object of his Message to Parliament, and
soliciting supplies to carry on the war, should have,
in order to be in unison with, his political theories,
proved, Ist, that the Royalists of the Marquis de Chivies
were not a Portuguese party. 24, That it was not against
Portugal that England was going to declare war. These two
facts being established, Mr. Canning would have, without
doubt, been able to justify the intervention ; for the fact
of the invasion of the frontiers by foreigners is precisely
within the terms of the treaty of alliance of Portugal with
England, but how can that immense portion of the Portu-
guese people who follow the Marquis de Chaves be,con-
sidered foreigners ? How can it be supposed that it is not
carrion-shotagainstPortugal uga
ofl
the
et
Ewnagrl
sshto
fleetbe lvill declared,stri
strike
when
against
first
towers of Lisbon ? and that the English soldiers who em-
bark at Plymouth will not fight against Portuguese ? It
the
may happen that at the very moment when the English
will be in the act of disembarkation, the country having
entirely submitted to the Royalists, they will find the Por-
tuguese united in this common opinion, in such a manner
that it will be against the entire population that the Eng-
lish army will act. A Protestant imposing a foreign yoke
on Portugal, which it has just delivered from a .foreign
yoke—a singular contradiction in politics !
But here is what is more odd. It is against Spain that
England expresses her griefs. According to Mr. Canning
it is Spain that has armed them-7-it is Spanish troops who
have crossed the Portuguese frontier—it is against these
troops that the English soldiers are marching, and in the
moan. time there is, iyo deelarationV4iii against: Spain.
Mr. Lamb is still at Madrid to negotiate, p that we can
oppose this dilemma to the British Government. Either
the army which invades Portugal acts for Spain, and under
its banners, and then explain to us this political situation
of a Cabinet which, without declaring war on another Ca-
binet, fights at the same time its troops—that is to say,
which is at.once, with the same power, in a state of war
and peace ; or the Royalist troops of the Marquis de
Chaves are a Portuguese party, and then how cam the
English intervention be reconciled with the declaration of
Mr. Canning, never to intermeddle in order to decide be-
tween these parties ? England, in order to be consist-
o
d
that
e
agrstfet
loreeavt ought
wnd.:antylaltirosimeddle
de onlyitt
with xi
thatt srtt:Eteh,
ssoleavenoei7liti gesnrrflioil
liattiireasnhumi dettlnliv:osotC(ofit, oixhol)
Governmentu:s themselves
‘nritvetig,ibi sei
pistticiao.ei y
respect
decl is
are
nvedrhe ally oegtheefiica
nlcatiephtdco a,arth
whato
di
peoplen was
o t
might choose. _ thei (al Portugueseahtsi
he,t strug-
gle.
sbnel g -tea
is.:
he

She interferes, however, in this instance, to sustain the
Constitutional Regime. In truth, England finds herself,
at least, in contradiction, to her principles. This is not
well for a Government and a Ministry who pride them-
selves upon their freedom and loyalty. When the house
of Braganza and the loyal Portuguese nation placed them-
selves under the alliance of Great Britain, this was not
what they expected from the English Government; they
thought they should pay dear enough for the protection
the Court of London afforded them by plachig.in its hands
their commerce and their finances, provided they might
estjoy a certain portion of" domestic liberty. Is England
ignorant of the energy possessed by a nation which she
wishes to oppress with so little management?
With respect to Spain, we believe that it is against her
that the English policy directs its efforts. We have often
said, that the orators of the Cortes at Lisbon, and the fa-
vourers of the Portuguese revolution, ought to have echos
and imitators at Madrid, and this is .tbe reason why Eng-
land is so violently irritated at a conduct dictated only by
the simple instinct of self-preservation. In order that
Spain might be respected by England, ii'.was necessary
she should be left to consummate her ruin, and that the
noble Castilians should be able to say to e Cabinet of
St. Jamee's' as the Gladiators of Claudius did, whilst
marching to death, Te Inorituri salutant. Let this gene-
rous nation, however,fear nothing ; not that she ought to
rely upon the protection our Cabinet--she has at this day
another alliance more dear to her; but England ex-
hausted, and Europe surveying England's ambition and
projects, are obstacles which tie up the betide of the Bri-
tish Cabinet.

PORTUGAL.

(Prom the Reoi/e, of Sunday.)

CONTINUATION OF THR SITTING IN WHICH THE lIINISTER FOR

FOREIGN AFFAIRS DriDE HIS REPORT.
DEC. 5.—M. Sarmento moved, that the re-
port of the Minister for Foreign Affairs, and all the docu-
ments on which it was founded, should be printed forth-
with, in order to transmit them, without delay, for the in-
formation of the great friends to Portugal, who are mem-
bers of the British Parliament.
M. Mosinho censured the Minister of the Interior for
having replied to the students ofthe University of Coimbra,
who called for arms, that they ought only to occupy them-
selves with their books.

The Minister of the Interior remarked, that the
whole of the students wire not Constitutionalists, and that
many among them would turn their arms against the pre-
sent Government.

M. Miranda agreed with his colleague Guerreiro, that
it might be supposed there were two administrations, since
every where two wills were apparent, and a total variance
in the measures of defence adopted. The Hon. Member
deeply regretted that the indisposition of, the Mipister of
War compelled him to remain inactive.
N. Leomil proposed to decree, first, "That the coup-

try is in danger." 2d. That the Sittings of the Chamber ,
should be perManent. 3d. That all judicial formalities
should be omitted with respect to the enemies of the
Constitution. 4th. That Spanish Deserters, eantonnid at-
Salvaterra de Magos, should be armed and employed to
guard Lisbon ; a measure which would not violate any ex-
isting treaty with Spain; and, sth, That all the civil,
military, and ecclesiastical furictionaries, connected with
the rebels, be degraded or exiled.
M. Sarmento supported the proposition and said, that
Don Pedro IV., imitating the Trojans and the Antonines,
the Portuguese ought not to imitate the degenerate Ro-
mans, who, instead of watching to preserve their political
rights, asked only for bread and public spectacles.
The Minister of Justice announced, with grief, that
many Magistrates were in correspondence with the ene-
mies of.the charter. "It was thus," said his Excellency,
" that two of them suffered the Marchioness de Charts, a
woman ardent to fight against our new Constitution, to:
escape."
M. Guerreiro proposed, that all the' Ministers of State
should meet to, form a Council, over which the kings re-
presented by the Princess Regent, should preside. ThB
deliberations of his Council would be directed by „the,
whole of the Members of the Adminiatratiou, and thus all
would be personally responsible for the measures adopted..
These several propositions were referred to a Sperlal
Commission.