The Sun.
London, England, 1826-01-23 00:00:00

•
nation—the universal, subdivided, and the successful industry
of the people. It is then that they make a call for an abun-
dant circulating medium, by quickening the operations of pur-
chase and sale.e .It is then that they attract the precious
metals to a country, and beyond any other power of re-
tention, keep them there. By numerous manufactures we
shall see agricOlture, the first pillar in the State, stand firm;
for when they shall have raised up new capitalists, who so sure
to maintain profitable. dealings with them as the owner of the
soil ? For the treasures that cover its surface and that lie be.
neath it, he is then sure to find a market, both regular and
growing, whatever the political or mercantile vicissitude!' at a
distance.; and as sure to buy at cheap rates the fabrics that
he wants, cheapness being the necessary consequence of full
competition among a powerful class of artisans at home. By
numerous manufactures, in fine, we shell see reared up in the
state that additional pillar which, standing in the Middle, is
indispensable to the stability of the other two; for the State
must be in a false position, lying perpetually at the mercy
of extrinsic events, when reposing only Upon foreign coin.
mercy and agriculture. The great intermediate Interest,
strengthening and upholding both she others, is manufactures.
—When, to the complete establishing of these, the internal
improvement of the country shall have been auperadded, the
farmer of the United States cannot perceive that the measure
of his prosperity is made potentially full. Discouraging dis.
tances between himself and his customer* exist no longer.—
Through the wisdom of art the obstacles of nature disappear.
He sees combined with the advantages of a country, of almost
boundless extent, and capacity of production, the faculties of
quick intercourse, which compensate, to small counties, the
want of these advantages: Ile sees time anticipated in the ef.
fective augmentation of our numbers ; for as with machinery
in manufactures, so, with canals and good highways, they
change the relative weakness of a thin and scattered, into the
activity and power of a condensed population, thereby exem-
plifying the highest wisdom of legislation, the noblest works
of Government, guided by the intelligence and stimulated by
the energy of freedom.
France still adheres in the midst of her lichee and ,
to the practice on whirl' these sentiments are founded. power Nor is the example of Britain, up to this very moment, less abso--
lute or less instructive.
.The prohibitions, the bounties, the
high duties, the penalties, by force of which, througiumt a long
tract of time, the manufacturers of that country have gained
so much excellence, never in any wise abated, until, by the
recent avowals of her !gatemen, high in intelligence as audio.
rity. British fabrics were not Merely certain to continue the
supply, immense as it is known to be, of the home demand,
but to find their way in a proportion, far greater than those from any other country, into all the markets of the world.—
The United States, with a combination of natural and political
advantages, as transcendent in number as degree, have before
them these and other examples; the lights of co-existent nu-
tiuns ; the amplest demonstrations of experience, for ,building
up their manutlictures; and by that vigilant legislative 114.
instance, without *deb they have never been known in any
country to establish themselves in large or durable pre.
eminence. Nor has this policy been found to interfere
with an abundant foreign commerce, in the wealthiest find
most industrious nations. It has, on the contrary, carried its
bounds still further, since every nation, by its habits and po.
sition, will always command superior facilities for excelling
in certain branches of' labour and art, which it therefore
chiefly cherishes, leaving to other nations the opportunity of
excelling in other branches, or of running the career of heft-
ficial rivalry in the same; by which system the artificial pro-
ductions of the workl are augmented and improved, and the
fields of traffic through the increasing desire; and varying
testes of mankind, as opulence anti civilization make new mi.
vances, more and more extended and enriched. If the nations
of Europe, whose industry and Interchanges mote the circles
geographically proximate to each other, have yet adopted this
policy,
a or have fallen back in their proaperity it
the fact
of its bsence; if those nations that have adopted it are still
seen to keep to it, or have only swerved from it after
its ends have been attained ; by stronger reasons should the
United States act upon it. Their remoteness from all the
chief sources of supply of manufactured articles, forms,. the ad.
ditional motive, not to invoke that which might be drawn from
the burdens and even exclusions still in full existence in other
countries against some of their primary productions. That a
populous and independent nation—it nation civilized since the
moment of its existence, and whose institutions, by their essen-
tial principal, tend to accelerate hitt the career of intellectual
anti social, as already they have conferred upon it political emi-
nence, shall have continued as long as theVnited States have
done to derive from a distance to be computed only by die space
of oceans, so many of the fabrics which conduce to the necessary
or tasteful accommodations of lire, if not without precedent, has,
perhaps, not before existed in any case of any other nation upon
the same extensive scale. Without adverting to the contingencies
which may dietinguialt or cut off' this supply from remote he-
mispheres, the very deterioration to which time, and more fie.
quent casualty, expose nu inconsiderable portion of those
fabrics before the natural and intended mien of then, can be
exhausted, and where the skill that made is too often alone
competent to renovate or repair, becomes, by so much, a dead
load to the capital of the impOrtet or committer. and comes
epiently that of' the nation. The ;Room of it would go
far, it is believed, towards forming a fund for encouraging the
equally perfect fabrication at home, of most of time articles
of foreign origin, consigned by time cause alluded. to, to pre-
mature inutility or destruction. Besides the advantages of ma-
nufactures for home use, the present moment is-deemed to be
peculiarly auspicious, not to say urgent, for fostering the.
nt fro the situation and then.
from circumstances of the rest of the world.
An era has arrived, upon which after ages are to look back as
to a point in the commercial destinies of mankind. : The cold.
nisi system is fast falling to, pieces. Over immense regions it
is totally gone, involving the Certainty of change both in the
chi ;Inds and the objects of trade, as vast as they will be vs-
rioua. The family of nations has been extended; new conti-
nents, new oceans, are opened to independent intercourse—to
a just and equal participation in the benefits of which the
United Stater cannot but be alive. These benefits they can
scarcely derive to the full and proper exent but by giving them.
selves to the large fabrication of those works of art for which
their climate, their productions, and the skill and capital of
which their citizens aro already in possession, especially qualify
them. The course of their export trade for the last two years,
as stated in this report, is an encouraging omen of their ability
and aptitude to enter this new and great field of competition..._
Not to follow up such beginnings by timely and judicious mea.
sure,, might be to let opportunities pass not always to be re-
called. Whilst nations shut out by their limited territory, from
agricultural products as the basis of foreign trade, have yet
pushed the latter to its farthest limits by inanufactures.alone as I
that basis, It is the favoured lot of' the United States to superadd
to the extent and riches of their soil, a state of social advance-
ment, and an amount of town population, already equal to the
most extensive and varied operations of manufacturing indus.
try. Not to found establishments by which this species of pro. '
&able industry may take life and spread over the land, would,
it is believed, be to forget alike what is due to the. best interests
of agriculture on the one hand, and to time further enlargement'
of our commercial power upon the other.
In expressing the convictions embraced in the foregoing re-
mark , is not intended to close them by recommending any
general revision of the to as fixed by the act Congress of
the 22d of May, 1824. But, it is deemed proper under cover
of them, respectfully to submit the expediency of effixtively
increasing the existing duties upon all manufactures of cotton
an tine quality.
The facilities and inducements to the fabrication of cottons
of every description in the Unit. d States are so great, that the
utmost beneficial consequences tatty be anticipated from time full
establishment orthis manufacture in all its finer branches, in
the likes manlier as by the protection already affbrded to cotton
fabrics in the coarser branches we have seen thew latter esta-
blished with advantages so manifold and decided. And should
we esteblish completely, the former ahem, euch is the quantity
in which we produce the raw material of this prominent manu-
facture of modern titres, and, what is still more important, such
its quality, that there is noceuse for apprehending that our im•
menee exportations of it abroad will stop. On the contrary, it
may be expected that they will go on progressively increasing.
Concurrently with this recommendation fur an augmentation
of duties on all cotton manufactures of fine quality, it. is doetn-
cd advisable to submit, elso, the expedience of lowering, to n
email extent, the duties at present existing upon teas, upon
coffee, and upon cocoa.
These articles, especially the two former, are of such large
consumption in the United States, as take rank among the
necessaries of life. They go to make up a part of the daily
beverage of the poor as well as the rich, and should therefore
not be pressed upon too heavily by the hand of taxation in any
form ; time lees, as they trench upon no rival production at
home. Their more enlarged consumption would tend to in.
crease, In corresponding proportions, the demand for sugar,
thereby fostering a valuable production of some 'of our own
states. The more widely also the habit of their use can be ex.
tended, the greater kilt believed would be the prospect awing
lessened the consumption of ardent spirits, so baneful in
their effects upon the industry, the health, and the morals of
the CommOolty. Under those views alone, regarding their
connexion with the public prosperity and individual happiness,
any temporary or partial loss to the revenue that might result
from an adoption of
this last recommendation ought to be
considered as compensated. It is not, however, certain that
such loss would resultfrom the increased demand abet might
be expected to STOW up
for those articles by a reduction of the
present imposition upon them. As regards teas, it may be
added, as an additional motive to the recommendation, that
under the present duties, there is reason to apprehend' some
falling off ultimately in our China trade, from the late laws and
regulatiOns of Britain bearing upon this important article of
merchendize. The interests Or 0, valuable portion of our foreign