The Sun.
London, England, 1845-03-04 00:00:00

THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, MAr.cu 3.

THERMOMETER, Lowest, 33 ; Highest. 38 ; Noon, 40.
BAROMETER, 29.63.—W1N1,

Nor-K.—The fivres which follow the words "Lowest" and
"highest" denote the lowest and highest state of the
Thermometer during the preceding twenty-four hours. All
the other observations are made at noon.

lIIGII WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Morning .- 5 minutes after 13 1 Evening •- 49 minutes after 10,

subject of a return of the number of forces in Ireland,
The Earl of ABERDEEN, i❑ answer to a question
from the Earl of CLARENDON, stated, that representa-
tions had been made to the American Government
on the subject of certain alleged violations of the
commercial treaties subsis'ing between the tw•o

countries.
The Constables Bill (Scotland) was read a second
time, and after the presentation of various petitions
their Lordships adjourned.
The House of Commons met at Four o'Clock.
Various private Bills were read a second time with-

out opposition.
The London and York Railway Bill was read a
second time, after a slight opposition from Mr.
MONCKTON MILNES.
On the motion that the Norwich and Brandon Rail-
way Bill (Dins Deviation) be read a second time,
Mr. M. GIBSON proposed to postpone the second
reading for a fortnight, on the ground that the
Board of Trade had reported against it, and that
therefore the second reading ought to be postponed
until the House should be in possession of the reasons
of the Board for their report.
Lord HowicK said that the objections of the Hon.
Gentleman would be met by the resolutions of the
Railway Committee, which would be presented to-
morrow (this day).
The Mil was ultimately read a second time, Mr.
M. GinsoN having withdrawn his proposition.
Among the Notices of Motion given was one by
Mr. T. S. DIJNCOMBE, for leave to bring in a Bill,
immediately after Easter, to secure the inviolability
of letters passing through the Post-office—one by Mr.
SIIEIL, for Tuesday, March 11, to move a resolution,
expressing the regret of the House that letters ad-
dressed to foreigners residing in this country
had been opened at the Post-office without their
knowledge or sanction, and that certain information
with regard to the disturbances in the Papal States
should have been communicated to a foreign Power ;
and one by Mr. SPOONER, to move three clauses in
the Income-tax Bill, to enable tradesmen to make de-
ductions from the profits for sums paid to their own
families as assistants in carrying on their business,
for parochial and other rates, for life-insurance, and
for articles necessary for carrying on their trade, be-
fore the profits should be assesed to the property-tax.
In answer to a question from Mr. HAwEs, the
CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER stated that the
Government did not intend to propose any alteration
in the tobacco duties, and
Sir R. PEEL, in answer to Mr. P. ScaorE, stated
that no negotiations were pending with Russia to re-
move the export duty imposed by that cuuntry en

tallow.
Mr. ROEBUCK asked whether there was any ob-
jection to lay before the House the negotiations which
had taken place Kith the United States on the subject
of the Oregon territory, and alluded to the Bill at
present before Congress on the subject, and to the
bluster and bullying which had been had recourse to
in the American House of Representatives.
Sir R. PEEL could not consent to disclosing the
progress of negotiations which were will pending.
He agreed with the Hon. and Learned Gentleman in
disapproving the language which had been made use
of, but our relations were not with the House of Re-
presentatives.
A short conversation ensued, in the course of which
Mr. DIVETT drew the attention of the Right Hon.
Baronet to a work on California, by M. MOPRAT,
now publishing in Paris, in which the justice of the
claim of England to the Oregon territory is distinctly
admitted.
The House then resolved itself into a Committee of
Ways and Means.
The CHANCELLOR of the. EXCHEQUER said that in
addition to the notice on the subject of the sugar
duties, he wished to draw the attention of the House
to the necessity of passing the Consolidated Fund
Bill before Easter, and as the resolution on that sub-
ject was an ordinary vote, he trusted there would be

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAYMORNING, MARCH 4, 1845.

minster and Vauxhall-roads, called Kenn'Agton-greL.n.
A contemptible addition to the Revenues of the
Duchy is to be made; as we are informed, by
the contemptible expedient of building over
that once open space, now coves ed with a double line
of nondescript brick tenements, half house, half shop

the following list of revenues, she can well afford to make
the sacrifice.

" The Queen-Mother," says that journal," could not pos•
sibly continue to receive a pension of three millions wrested
from a suffering people. when she is so rich, and the owner
of the salt-works of Drenu in the Jura mountains, of the
magnificent palace of Malmaison, near Paris, of the fine
estate of Vista Alegra, of the lucrative gas-light works at
the Havannah, of enormous sums invested in England and
France, and above 130,000,000 reals, the sum to which the
pension she has hitherto received amounts, not including
King Ferdinand's legacy."
-

—entirely a mean and sordid mass of brick and
mortar. The " war of occupation" has been largely
pushed over one side of Kennington-common. This
Common is in progress of purloining from the public,
and in due time will disappear, we doubt not, as
Kennington-green has already passed away. Away
then, we say, with all Bills to " facilitate inclosures
and improvements of commons," to facilitate " the
exchange of lands and the division of intermixed
lands—to provide remedies for defective or incomplete
executions," &c. &c. Any Bill, on the contrary,
to prevent such inclosures, to exclude and abolish
all such projects of improvements and exchanges,
except by a majority of the votes of every holder of a
tenement rated under a certain value, within the
whole district, ha% ing, whether by charter or pre-
scription, custom or sufferance, rights of common
and common rights on such lands—shall have
our • cordial support and advocacy. But we
don't desire to give Lords of Manors one
tittle more of such " facilities " than they have
already in all conscience! Let any man who
would study this subject under its practical aspects,
go down to Epping Forest, and examine with his
own eyes the wholesale inclosures made under sanc-

The Three per Cents. left off on the 22d at 334 at 60
days; the Fire per Cents. at 24i fur cash, and 244 at
60 days; and the Debt without Interest at 7 fur cash,
and 7i at 60 days.

The Paris papers bring further details of events in
Switzerland, which may be considered on the whole as
sati.factory. There appears on the part of the public
authorities in general a disposition to settle disputes
amicably, and make allowances for the excitement caused
by the restless spirit of the Jesuits. The Extraordinary
Diet which assembled at Zurich on the 24th, as stated
in The Sun of Saturday, proceeded to verify the returns
of the Deputies from the different cantons. That from
Vaud excited some discussion, but, on a division, the
Members elected by the new Council were admitted by
a majority of twelve and a half to nine. It may be lie_
cessary to mention that some of the small cantons have
only half a vote. The Deputies from the following can-
tons voted against the admission of the Deputies from
Vaud :—Uri, Unterwald, Zug, St. Gall, Valais,
Neufchatel, Fribourg. Schwitz, and Lucerne. The
President of the Diet, M. BotissoN, Burgomaster
of Zurich, made a peaceful and judicious address to the
Diet. After adverting to the resignation of the consti-
tutional ...uthoritles at Lucerne, he said, " It is super-
fluous to dwell at greater length on the imminent dangers
that threaten the federal alliance, if questions of the
greatest moment be settled, not by the proper autho-
rities and after mature examination, but by violent deci-
sions. To remedy the evils of the couctry, to restore
and consolidate profound peace between the confederacy,
such is the principal task of the supreme federal au-
thority. It behoves the concurring cantons alone to
devise suitable measures and to enforce them." Lord
ABERDEEN in his dispatch to Mr. Monism, the
English Envoy, to the Swiss Cantons, which we have
given in another place, states the view which
the British Government takes of the question, and re-
commends, as the only means of preventin.; foreign inter.
ference, the adjustment of differences without destroying
the constitutional compact, and forming a New Switzer-
land, which would necessarily involve the intervention of
the foreign Powers which, in 1815, sanctioned the ori-
ginal compact. A letter from Zurich, of the the 25th,
states that a long discussion arose in the Diet whether
they should proceed first to the question of the
Jesuits, which was affirmed by a majority of thirteen
States to nine. These papers announce no collisions
between the contending parties, but the people through-
out the federation take a deep interest in the decision of
the Diet, and look to it with anxiety.
The Jesuits themselves, true to their cautious policy
seem anxisus to withdraw from the contest, at present,
under the advice of the POPE. " The Swiss journals,"
says the Journal des Deb/its, "announce that, in conse-
quence of an intervention of the Court of Rome, the
company of Jesus has rescinded the compact entered into
with the Government of Lucerne, and that the Jesuits
have renounced the idea of making an appeal to the
canton. We have reason to believe that the statement
is correct, but we must confess that we do not think that
this wise-and conciliating step will be accepted in the
same spirit by the Radical party. The men who wish
to revolutionize Switzerland will in all probability try to
urge matters to extremities ; they will require that the
other cantons which have hitherto been open to the Je-
suits shall be closed against them."
The other Ministerial paper, the Globe, says in jest, but

tion f7f Lords of the Manor, or Verderers, or by
them, or by tenants from whom they receive rents.
If they should get at the authority for such inclo-
sures, especially the more modern of them, we shall
be obliged to them for its communication to us. We
know of no domestic questions on which successive
Parliaments have more scandalously neglected their
duty to the people—to the most meritorious class
the people—the honest but indigent labourer, agri-
cultural or mechanic, in towns and cities, or in ham-
lets and villages—than in their grasping, sordid,
selfish legislation of the last five-and-forty years, in
filching from the poorest and least protected orders of
our countrymen those sylvan rights, if we may so
call them, which are as dear to all the natural asso-
ciations, as they are identified with the most ancient
and most national rights of all English subjects.

In the pamphlet embodying Mr.GRANTLEY BERKELEY'S
" Reply to the Press," to which we have adverted, on
the game-laws, there is a pervading error which is com-
mon to the defences set up by the advocates of that
offensive branch of class legislation. Country gen-
tlemen are prone to assume that the game laws are ne-
cessary—expedient--of public utility, and that the case
for their existence being thus established and admitted,
the only question to be settled is, whether they are the
best sort of laws that can be devised for their object, or
may not, by remote possibility, be susceptible of some
amendments ? On this account it is, we presume, that
Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY imagines that in his former
enterprise on the character of game-law champion, "he
stood forth to the field, not as tic first challenger—not as a
wilful assailant," but simply in succour of the dis-
tressed." Both these propositions are false. Every
game-preserver (a class with which our author ostenta-
tiously announces his own identification), is the "chal-
lenger" in the "first" instance; and betakes him to the
oppression, NOT t) the succour of the distressed." He
challenges the reprobation of public opinion : he assists
the action of statutes of grinding tyranny upon the most
friendless and impoverished members of society. The
public, as a body, is not interested in the secondary
question of the degree in which the game-laws may be
excused or reformed ; but it is in the general issue,
game-laws or no game-laws. All Mr. BERKELEY'S ad-
vocacy turning upon the apology and defence he thinks
he can make for the game-laws as they are, his argu-
ment is addressed, in fact, to that very small minority
in the empire who are for game-laws "at all ;" not to the
great bulk of the population, who are clearly in favour of
no game-laws." The real majority of Mr. BERKELEY'S
compatriots, therefore, cannot enter into the merits of
his personal squabbles with cool-headed magistrates, or
game-keepers who deliberate before they "punch people's
heads." The whole system of game-laws is on its trial
at the tribunal of public opinion, on the great principles
of natural, and even of social, law, which we enunciated
lately. Mr. BERKELEY does not appear to suspect
that his views are all based upon, and referable to, mere
local aspects under which the operation of this system
has presented itself to his observation in given localities.
He must be prepared to learn that there is a world,
beyond the topographical circuit of his experiences, as
to be rude enough to discard all considerations of the
extent and management of game-preserving establish-
ments, even if they belong to Berkeley Castle—and
whether they be found in Gloucestershire, or Sussex, or
Hampshire. The public at large is now disposed to
consider whether any degree of indulgence with which
it might be inclined to regard the sports of country gentle-
men, by throwing a greater ora less degree of protection
around the game which is the object of so many of those
sports, will not be much too dearly granted at the cost
of leading to so many outrages, offences, crimes, convic-
tions, and the county expenditure consequent on the
legal proceedings thereby occasioned, which our game-
laws have heretofore entailed in a continuous and fearful
succession. It will be a mournful day—a day of agrarian
humiliation and quarter-sessions sackcloth, to be sure,
when the exclusive rights of property on the game, of
preserving, and (dearest of all !) of exterminating it,
with all the mysteries and qualifications of certificates,
and deputations—informations and convictions—night
watches and captions of poachers, with all the incidental
luxuries of batees for the exclusive friends of the game
owner—shall be put down by the repeal of the statutes
we are. contemplating. But many calmly-thinking men,
of judgment, discretion, and talents, perhaps even of as
much experience as Chairmen of Quarter Sessions as
Mr. BERKELEY himself, have expressed their conviction
that it may be better to repeal the game laws altogether
than leave them to reproduce, year after year, their
constant cycles of petty oppression and insolent persecu-
tion on the one hand—•:f perjury, treachery, violence,
crime, and bloodshed, on the other.
We cannot flatter Mr. BERKELEY by saying that he
has in his last pamphlet approached the true gist of the
game-law question. We can as little compliment him
on his talent for controversy. His style is the oddest
imaginable. A species of private-theatrical, stilted
declamation, seems to be the " rein" in which he is most
given to indulge. But there is one yet more favourite
purpose which he is bent on establishing—namely, the
announcing to all whom it may—or may not—concern,
that he is of the aristocracy. "If we, the aristocracy,
the landed gentry, and the preservers of game" (p. 3)—
" that we, the upper classes, make the criminal" (p. 6)
—" the class to which I belong" (p. 19)—" we, who are
taunted with calling ourselves the nobility" (p. 22)
" I completeky repel accusations against my order"
(p. 24). The inverted commas and italics, being Mr.
BERKKLEY* not ours, may serve to point the va-
lue which that gentleman attaches to these im-
portant hints of his quality. But they are not even satis•
factory to this extent. The darling sin of being figurative
is another of his infelicities. He rushes into similes
and expatiates in metaphor, the parts of which have no
more relation to one another than those of the nonde-
ssiript suggested by HoEACE, in his epistle, "Ad
Pisoncm." He writes (page 2), "Not even a rivet of
my armour—or an outer defence—has been won by the
enemy." The rivet would have been a treasure among
the spolia opima of a defeated antagonist. Addressing
certain opponents of the game-laws (page 14), he says,
" You are at such loss for argument, and so threadbare
in your souroes of real arrangement." What kind of
sources " threadbare" ones may be, has never been deter-
mined by those who have tracked the Nile or the Ganges,
or the 13urhmapoota to its fountain head. But this is
mere geographical rhetoric. Mr. BERKELEY can call in
the aid of chemical illustration :—e. 9., " Does this lessen
the turpitude of an offender in the one instance, or neu-
!tratize, by a vislunus soda, the filthy acids of the vice so
violent in the other ?" Henceforth, on the scale of
pharmaceutical morality, let potass take precedence of
tartaric salts. But if Mr. BERKELEY sometimes is thus
careless, he is at others more guarded ; for at p. 46,
when he has a topic to handle with which he is better
acquainted than the principles and operation of laws, his
caution and solemnity are edifying. " The present
price of cheese (I am speaking advisedly, and of the pre-
sent year, 1845) does not remunerate the maker in the
vale." The present price of absurd pamphlets (we say
it "advisedly") will never remunerate Mr. BERKELEY.
So we leave him, with his cheese in the " vale," from
which he will do well not readily again to ride forth on
such adventures as he has undertaken on behalf of the
game-laws.
es_

there is much wisdom in the advice:—" If we were the
general of the Jesuits, we would transport the whole
order to America, and thus make the charivarists of the
Vaud and the Consaitionnel of Paris die of chagrin.
Let us add that there, where there is much to correct
and civilise, the Jesuits may do great things. In Europe
there is little or nothing left for them to do. The Jesuits
by coming to this resolution, would besides render a
real service to the cause of religion; for it w.,uld be
saved from attacks under the pretence of attacking them.
This would prevent the whole clergy of France from
being confounded with the order, which, whether right-
fully or wrongfully, excites mistrust."
Affairs in the French Chamber of Deputies go on
rather unfavourably for M. G lIIZOT. On Fridaf the
Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Monthly Com-
mittees were elected, when only five Ministerialists were
elected out of nine candidates. At the commencement
of the session Ministers had seven votes and the Oppo-
sition only two. On Saturday the Finance Minister at-
tended the Budget Committee, and stated the intentions
of the Government relative to the conversion of the Five
per Cents., and it was understood that he was in favour
of the measure, though at present it would not be carried
into effect.

TILE BOURSE--SATURDAY, A.lAnal I

irkt

Highest Lowest Las

Price. Price. Price. Price.
French Fivepereents•••••• 121 GO .. 121 60 121 30 121 40
Three per Cents...•. fits 10 .. .5 10 • 85 •• '5
Bank of France • n.to ..3240 3240 ..3240
Gouin Bank. I,ooof. Shares ..1090 ..109) .1090 .. 1090
Belgian Bank..•• • • . 652 50 652 50 652 50 652 50
B Wan Fives, 1840 ........ 104% .. 104% 104% 104%
1842........ 106% 11:6% .. 1061 A 106%

Two-and-a-Half.... 62'15 •• 62' 2) .. 62 'l5 • • 62' 20
Spantsh Threes •••••• • • • • •• 401/4 •• 401/4 • • 401/4 • 401/4
Portuguese Five per Cents. • 603 GO N • • 603 A • • 60i
Neapelitan.. •• •• • • •• • •• 100 20 •• 100 20 .. 100 20 .. 100 20
Roman • • • . •

RAILWAc

St. Germain •••••• •• •••• ••1175 ..1175 ..1175 ..1175
Versailles, MB. . • LGO .. 560 .. 560 .. 560
L. 1:......••....• 381 25 .. 381 25 377 50 •• 377 50
Rouen • • • • • • • • • • • • 1125 1127 50 ..1125 ..1127 50
Rouen to Havre•• •••••••. . 937 50 .. 945 .. 937 50 .. 945
Orleans ..••• •••••• •. •• •• —1228 75 ..1232 50 .1228 75 ••12:32 50

Madrid journals of the 23d have been received. Ac-
cording to accounts from Valencia a serious collision had
taken place in the garrison of that place between the
infantry and artillerymen, in which ono officer and four
men were killed. It was said that General RONCALI had
hastened to the spot, and after some inquiry appointed a
commission to try the off, nders. The Clamor Publico
states that QUEEN CHRISTINA had resigned the pension
of 3,000,000 reals granted to her by the Government.
The rumour requires confirmation, though, according to

Strasburg to Bale •.. •• ...• 325 .. 325 .. 323 Th • 325
Avignon to Marseillea.. • • • • 107') . 1070 • • 1070 ..107
Bordeaux to Teste •• •• •• • • 225 .. 240 .. 225 .. 240
1tA;I•WAI FOR THE ACCOUNT. MARCI 16.

St. 7.1177 50 —1167 50 ..1167 50
Versailles, R. 8.... ..... 560 .. 560 -. 560 .. 560
L.B.— •• •• •••• 382 50 382 50 .• 375 .• 384
Rouen •• -• .• .. 1123 75 ..1128 75 ..1122 50 ..1122 50
Rouen to Havre... ..... 940 .. 947 50 944 .. 945
Orl,ans.• ••.• • ••• ••1132 50 —1236 50 • •1230 • • 1232 50
&mall=•. to Bale ... ••• 326 25 •-26 25 325
A vit.mon to Marseilles.. • • • • 1063 75 ..1072 50 —lO6O . li 60
Bordeaux to Teste

,
...s_- Lei?
1
~...,„.Qv.•fte,. _ ,
- ;IT;,A.`ji.'"'‘' ,
C-j!c.k. tt 7 ' ~..±-
li 4r, - :lii, .
.' JiF. , . ''''''7R-. 4"r
:-'"''
'sot?
n.'.: ,
_
, ,
--.