The Sun.
London, England, 1845-12-09 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

This is opposed by the lawyers, who, like Alexander,
the coppersmith, raise the cry of " Great is Diana of
ate Epimsians," because tLeir craft is in ciat.;:;es. ; bu-t,
they will eventually be compelled to give way, and we are
glad to see that Douglas Jerrold is breaking ground
against them. It is " the beginning of the end." We
are glad to find our friend Juniper Hedgehog continuing
his letters this month. The subject of his lucubration is
the potato disease, which is considered by a certain
William Ferrie, who writes in the Edinburgh Witness, as
a judgment upon the nation for voting the Maynooth
grant. Juniper Hedgehog attacketh this William
Ferrie, " who bawls and scribble's as it he were nothing
less than a livery servant to Providence, and knew all the
household secrets," in regular cabman fashion,and masheth
him even as though he (Ferrie) were himself a potato.
The other articles are all good, not merely amusing, but
furnishing matter for thought. Jerrold's Magazine is a
book not merely " for a day, but for all time."

Ludwig Fernow on Raphael's Tapestries, which are still
preserved in the Vatican. In No. sof the Poetical Remains
of Mrs. James Gray, we find some of the most exquisite
sciatehes of song t'naE, ever proceeded from the pen of
that gifted one, now, alas ! lost to us for ever. The fol-
lowing " touching little poem," as it is truly described
by the Editor, is but too true a picture of the fate of

It E WESTAIIIVS TER REV.'S W.
a singular fact that the State, governed by the
'cad of the Church, to whom all the faithful look up
411 infallible guide, should abound more with corrup-
-4%1 exhibit more crime, and be in a more deplorable
enadition, considering her position, than any other State
hi Christendom. There is no regular Government.
4enrehy prevails not only among the chiefs, the car-
dinal
3' and prelates, but in every department venality is
car-
the general rule, not the exception. It begins with the
2°, and descends to the lowest domestic of any man in
te• Never were the words of Ingurtha so applicable
.
Pe-sriatturtaht si
ea, present
eniptorem invenerit." Decisions of law
std a Equity courts, for justice is not known, are bought
certain price, or made on hints thrown out by the
!eft Ing Pontiff or the Cardinal Secretary, which no
ge t'an afford to disregard ; plunderers and thieves
ire
ennobledAutry ; bandits, who had long infested the
and committed murders innumerable, are made
"lectors or commissioners of police, or reclaimed by
:re Pensions. A man called Majocco, who had been
kwiLliwaYcian for seventeen years, and on whose head a
of "had been set, was afterwards employed as captain
I'Nte°,„.llll,ted Police in the district which abounded with
Asst '"ms of his crimes, and another, equally notorious,
aitionlitie commissary of police at. Rome. The Inqui-
eiyillial "ins to its full extent, though the progress of
for% eti°ll has abated the number of murders. In-
Lott era are encouraged to accuse falsely their neigh-
aud rewarded with ten years' indulgence by the
ofth or the Faithful—nay, the slightest word from one
siZat'eret assassins, or the merest breath of rumour,.
e;..`lent for the Cardinal who presides over this
rindbettine t.taihanal
.to inscribe a name on the roll of the
the Bonet-"• Need the British public then wonder
the
tegti itet attempts of the unfortunate people of
humanity tc esea4,-
ee from such a Government, and at the
,tiesPotiEZPlayed towards the victims by the most
ilaratule447" of Italy ? It is only surprising that
°Press—ritre can submit so long to hopeless misery and
bet takiL"Lthout end, and that a general rising does
horrid `place to put down the most barefaced and
41411re.8'1,"7111 of imposture that ever disgraced human
!le earth -"PcPe would rule all the other kingdoms of
tetty 'yet cannot preserve in tolerable order his own
1014443n5, either by Austrian bayonets, or Roman
e
4)40 er the terrors of his ecclesiastical power. T
I,.,tibieetlvilligaltract, from an excellent article on these
Rein 'll the present number of the Westminster
Ntr; ,shows that the state of religion in that fine
bvern even more deplorable than the temporal
ed in 1831, the de facto rulers of the Roman States
Ole In' abolishing the Pope's temporal power, not a
throughoutl their breadth uttered a protest.
bud men seize mmon malefactor, violent hands were
tletilli°4 the Cardinal a
noLegate Benvenuti, who came to foment
ed the Army o. the Insurrection, not a single mouth
4,44 citt-hatlerile And when the Transtiberines, whose
1,4 tfaiebt- SOge. much extolled, discover that bread is too
f„"f !send a loaf with their rims, into the stately equi-
'Nth " Holiness • the y treat him as the savage treats his
kh.4l the AO the world. of Italy knows, and nowhere so well
prom, from how much intrigue results the no-
btt° t ,mitn who as the repiesentative, we say not of
re, an-- °' humanit' should be one filled with all intent-
t.tllll aitl all love, hailed by the Church, by the wel.come
kl4fei`ufLll. All the world knows how the inspiration of
rn:e - Spirit (shame that we must so word it) posts to
cal ion ambassador'sportmanteau ; how the reco9l-
- ti 1,11,13 f Gaetaninoor his like, is more efficacious with
b'ety ze° „J -rather than' sentiments of eternal justice ; how
ati tY of enactments for the observance of the Sab-
the Friee..ete_s be.fore the Fair of Sinegaglia—it's so profitable
toeleoperiutteLtshoor in
esrhaolrt,ewaelir. spirituality has fallen
And how, then, can
for its existence temporal
ng) the subjects of that power?
rettti,„Y a blind reaction, and estimating religion by its ap-
ett• ht",_" under their eye's, the educated youth for the moste
i'tsl_por'epipto materialism; the people, save a portiorenfesofstmhg
the lialf fra_t_ionl are without belief, even tmhoauygshtilp
freq
uent
teolletircheusTmfeaar,
bhalf fror
gazing
h
ttait,blit with 'Curl% curiosity, onythe pomp of cere-
;ea llation may unnof with reverence ; their south-
_besie4ited but the heart is untouched..
4:7l.eketh 2411 dePew.er,. then, not only hated for the evil it
11448tYlatel (e.as an imposture, for the sources whence
tttzli. Y. persists in deriving the a.uthority by whose
•.existant ; and it may be conceived what degree of
The 3 this feeling adds to reaction."
149 8,"„ele on " Railway Investment" disposes, in a
„, • the-"factory and summary manner, of the theories
lllNlinetirreucY doctors and the alarmists on railway
Noi -an' The commencing paragraphs, which we
44 %til; Ishevr the principles on which the writer founds
4tiele*B ; and for his illustrations we refer to the
1/4 The f
4,444:11Y eat. simple of- the resources of the prittlishaseanmpdirme
is
! The circulation
by statistical writers t.
ic,il-
aotge_circulation of the Bank ofnEsigiand is twenty
The real and personal property, ntherefore, held
notes
71iree7Jects is to the amount of Bank of England
11/0 ‘andred to one!
44.elto;t11._er. words, for every five poundsnrepresaennlendinbeytya..
Romet4loXf)tiZtotd e, theenrteeadr,eofrrter heu dred
fid property, consist-
-1
taredls4l,4 housesp, rselisips, agricultural produce, and manu-
belonging to the people of this realm.
y theenn"etild re q request the attention of all persons interested
Pop l'estion of • stment to this fact, and its bearings
lie
theerie:foflcurrency alarmists."
J-

THE GIFTED.
Oh, wo for those whose dearest themes
Must rest within the bosom's fold;
Oh, wo for those who live on dreams,
Unheeded by the coarse and cold.
They have a hidden life akin
To nothing in this earthly sphere;
They have a glorious world within,
Where nothing mortal may appear—
A world of song, and flower, and gem,
Yet wo for them—oh, wo for them.
Such his perplexing wo, who seek,
A refuge upon stranger shores ;
In vain to foreign ears he speaks,
In vain their sympathy implores;
The same sad fate a barque might prove,
Laden with gold or princely store,
Without a guiding star above
And an unmeasured deep before.
The world dothe scorn them, jibe, contemn:
Wo for the gifted, wo for them!

The tale of Whychcots is continued ; and we hare, more-
over, two political articles, one on " Ireland and her
Church," and the other entitled " Protestant Union,"
in both of which Sir Robert Peel, Oaf former object of
the almost idolatrous admiration of the writers in the
Dublin University Magazine, is attacked with the most
envenomed bitterness. We cannot say that we pity him.
Born of the people, his natural position was that of a
popular leader. He chose, however, not to stand by his
order. Like Georges Dandin, he must needs seek to
ally himself with the aristocracy, and the political M. de
la Dandiniere, finds, like his prototype, when it is past
remedy, that he has paid too dear for his whistle—but
vous favez voulu Georges Dandin—vous Cavez voulu.

BRITISH MUSEUM-NEW MODEL

OF THE PARTHENON RESTORED.

It must have often entered into the minds of enthu-
siastic lovers of Grecian sculpture, to wish the attempt
to be made by some bold and judicious hand to raise a
model of the original Parthenon, presenting it, as far as
possible, in all the fullness of its ancient beauty and
splendour. The attempt has been made by Mr. Lucas,
the sculptor, who, availing himself of all existing re
cords and authorities on the subject, material and spe-
culative, has, with the aid of a well-disciplined judg-
ment andi fine taste, prepared a complete model of that
most perfect and beautiful of Grecian temples. He has
now furnished what has always been wanting to the pub-
lic, viz., a text-book to the "Elgin-room." To those
who are unacquainted with the history of Greek sculp-
ture, or who have not investigated that of these fragments
in particular—and thus it is with multitudes who visit
them—the marbles have appeared in no other light
than a very odd and mysterious assemblage of broken
statuary. But now they cannot fail to excite an in-
terest in the mind of every observer. It will be seen
at once that these colossal figures are portions of two
groups that once occupied and adorned the pediments
of a temple, the pediment being the framework
in which the Greeks delighted to display those great
mythological and historical representations, so interest-
ing to their religious and patriotic feelings. In the present
instance, the subjects of the pediments are—in the
eastern, the Advent of Minerva ; in the western, the
Victory of Minerva in her contest with Neptune for the
territory of Attica. The drawings of Carrey, made
when the latter pediment was nearly perfect, have en-
abled Mr. Lucas to re-produce this group as originally
composed. With regard to the subject of the eastern
pediment, it is known from the record of Pausanias,
who saw the temple when perfect, that it related to
the birth of Minerva ; but in consequence of the
early destruction of the central portion, the precise
mode in which the subject was treated by the sculptor
became a matter of speculation. It has been sup-
posed that the central figure in the pediment (Jupiter)
was represented as being supported by two goddesses,
while a small figure of Minerva was seen issuing from
his brain. Homer is the authority for this idea. " But
(observes Mr. Lucas) although Homer describes the
glorious image of Minerva as rising from the brain of
Jupiter, and all Nature struck with awe at the splendour
of her form and golden plumage, yet, in the adap-
tation of that moment to sculpture the glorious form
of Wisdom, sinks into an insignificant puppet." Hecce
he rejects the notion that Phidias adopted this mode
of representation ; but rather, as would be far more
fitting in a temple peculiarly dedicated to her honour,
"by the introduction of the goddess to the august
assemblage of the gods on Olympus—a subject in the
highest degree imposing, and admitting of a sculptural
treatment of the greatest majesty." A view of the
matter in which Mr. Lucas is supported by several ex-
cellent authorities. The sculptor's reasonings for the
manner in which he has employed and connected the
fragments that remain of the central group in this
eastern pediment, are remarkably acute, and the re-
sult is, that he has reconstructed the whole into a
splendid composition—thoroughly Grecian, and strictly
harmonising with what remains of the ancient de-
sign. The ninety-two sculptured Metopes are re-
stored, and the beautiful frieze also, representing
the sacred procession to the Temple, which was cele-
brated every fifth year in honour of Minerva, and which
embraces in its composition all the external observances
of the highest festival of the Athenians. The frieze
extends completely round the Temple, placed imme-
diately below the ceiling of the porticos. Here a beau-
tiful effect has been produced by a light blue ground
to which the white carving is attached. The ori-
ginal frieze occupied, slab after slab, a space of 524
feet in length. As a connected subject, this was the
most extensive piece of sculpture ever made in Greece.
A restoration of this frieze adorns our own = Athe-
neum. The shields of gilt metal, of which traces re-
main on the original walls, are here replaced, together
with the inscriptions between them, and even the
minutest embellishment has been executed with the
highest finish, that nothing may be wanting to convey
the general effect of ;the whole. The interior of the
Temple is restored in the same exquisite manner. In
the eastern compartment stands the Goddess in her
garment of ivory and gold, wearing her golden helmet
crested with a sphynx, and bearing in one hand a
figure of Victory, in the other a golden spear. Next
to the first impression of grandeur and sublimity
which fills the mind of the spectator in look-
ing at the Parthenon, is the unity of thought
which pervades its composition. Dedicated by the Athe-
nians to the worship and glory of their tutelar goddess,
the genius of the great sculptor has made every de-
tail expressive of homage and honour to the Athe-
nian deity, or descriptive of the renown of her wor-
shippers. Thus in the eastern pediment we have
the advent of Minerva. In the western, her victory
over the god Neptune, in their contest for Attica.
The Metopes relate to actions of Minerva herself,
and of the principal Athenian heroes, including the me-
morable contest between the Centaurs and the Lapithas.
The worship of the goddess expressed in the frieze has
been mentioned. The restoration of this work is es-
pecially useful, as it furnishes the finest example ever
given to the world of the use and beauty of sculpture,
combined with architecture. In it these sister arts
are so wonderfully blended that the sculpture
is an essential element in the architectural com-
position. It has been said with truth—" Nowhere
does the genius of sculpture seem so great as in the
Parthenon." And never did we feel the truth of Mr.
Haydon's eloquent comparison of three great master so
forcibly as when contemplating this model. Speaking
of Raphael, Michael Angelo, and Phidias—" Raphael,"
said he, " was an angel, Michael Angelo was a giant,
but Phidias was a god,l" A companion model, re-
presenting the Parthenon in its dilapidated state in the
17th century, is in progress by the same artist. The
one we have described has been purchased by the
British Museum, and will stand in the Elgin room.
Each model is twelve feet long, by nearly six in width.

CHARGE AGAINST A MOTHER FOR ATTEMPTING
TO MURDER HER CHILD.—A mother stands charged with
no less a crime than that of endeavouring to murder her ille-
gitimate male child, not three weeks old, by leaving it quite
naked and uncovered. in a field, exposed to the cold wind
and pittiless storm of Saturday evening last. Between five
and six o'clock on the evening of Saturday, the 29th ult., as
John Staßari and his wife, of the parish of Bosbury, in this
county, were returning from Castle Froome, when crossing a
field near the " Races," (the residence cf the Rev. Edward
Higgins), they thought they heard the cry of a child, and,
proceeding to the spot, found a male child under the hedge.
The rain was then descending heavily, and the poor deserted
infant was very cold and wet. On Tuesday Harriett Bowkett,
the mother of the child, was fully committed to take her trial
at the next assizes at Hereford, for the intent to commit
murder.—Hereford Times.
RUSSIA AND THE CAUCASUS.—The Government
continues to make the greatest efforts to extend and develop
the commercial relations between the Russians and the
different tribes of the mountains of the Caucasus, especially
on the eastern shores of the Black Sea, which are now occu-
pied by the most warlike savage tribes of those countries.
The Government considers that commercial relations with
those districts are the surest means of softening their man-
ners and spreading civilisation amongst them. Symptoms
converts
Gerretesk and their
of disturbance iad been manifested in Livonia in conse-
qwuheincchehoafvtehele4ntuomceorollsioconsnvbweertsioenesn to
ohe thenv
Protestant neighbours. A Cossack regiment has been sent
to restore tranquillity. —Augsburg Gazette.
CAUTION TO YUBLISHERS.—Henry Paterson, sta-
tioner, Auchtermuchty, pursued the Rev. T. Martin, Strath-
miglo, for the value of the Penny Cyclopsedia from July.
1841, to December, 1543, amounting to 21. ss. The Sheriff-
Substitute assoilmed the defendant, the publishers having
pledged themselves, in the first volume, to complete the
work in twenty volumes, whereas it extended to twenty-
seven volumes. The Sheriff held that the publishers were
bound to complete the work, and that the subscribers and
purchasers were not bound to
.pay for more than twenty
volumes, in terms of the publishers' pledge.— Scotch Re-
formers' Gazette.
ANOTHER MATCH BETWEEN CLASPER AND PO
COCK. —Many of Pocock's admirers being needlessly doubtful
as to whether the l has ch eerfully issueda a challenge
Glasseron the lyne aft9rded fair trial of
tthoeppocaorteike,s,
100 to 200 soya. a side, 20
folira"aiot hyierrceptral of his strength. The challenge
is,
to row a sculler's match for
sous. each •to be deposited immediately, to come off on the
one within eight mouths. This spirited offer of the uncoil.
querable son of the " canny cealy Tyne ' will at once test the
sincerity of those who at present are so clamorous about Po-
cock's abilities.
EARL FITZWILLIAM.—We regret extremely that
the absence of this patriotic nobleman from England will
prevent him from taking part in the proceedings for the
establishment of those principles of free-trade which his en •
lightened mind began to advocate when other statesmen
were only feeling their way to truth and sound policy. And
our regret for his Lordship's absence is the stronger, because
he will not be present to give the sanction of his
.name and
station to the approaching meeting for the opening of the
ports and the repeal of the obnoxious corn-laws) In the west
Biding of this county.-Leedi Mercury.

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNTG, DECEMBER 9, 1845.

CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN

INDIA.

(From the illanchcaier Guardian.)
We are exceedingly glad to be eLahted to communi.-

cate to our readers some facts of a very encouraging
nature, derived from the report of a deputation from the
Manchester Commercial Association, appointed to confer
with the Directors of the East India Company, on the
importar.ce of an increased and improved supply of cotton
from India. Tho deputation consisted of the Chairman
of the Association, James Aspinall Turner, Esq.; Wil-
liam Steuart, Esq. ; James Atherton, Esq. ; and John
Peel, Esq.; and we learn from their report, made to the
Directors of the Commercial Association on Thursday

last, that having obtained an appointment with Sir Henry
Willock, the chairman, and Mr. Hogg, the deputy-chair-
man, of the Court of Directors, they waited upon these gen-
tlemen at the East India House on the 28th ult., and were
received by them in a manner which showed the import-

ance attached by the Court to the object of their mission.
The deputation, after referring to the interest manifested
about five years ago by the East India Company in the
improved cultivation of cotton, and the visits made by
the chairman, deputy-chairman, and other members of
the Court, to Liverpool and Manchester, for the pur-

pose of obtaining information on the h u i)j ec t, expressed
their full belief that that interest continued unabated ;

than a million of pounds of American cotton will be
produced. The culture has been taken up by the na-
tives, who find it more profitable than any other, as
they get more of it per acre, and obtain a higher price
for it, without extra expense in culture. The seed, in-
stead of deteriorating, seems to Mr. Mercer to improve,
and to re-assume more of its Mexican character, and
he has no doubt of the complete success and extended
culture of American cotton in this district, especially as
a few of the natives have bought and are using the
American gins. It only requires eapital to be applied
to it by those interested in the improvement and ex-
tension of cotton culture in India. As the climate of
Dharwar is favourable, there is no doubt that there
is much of very similar climate throughout Central India,
where so much cotton is already grown by the natives,
and which tract the present experiments seem to have
avoided, for the sake of keeping near water carriage.
The favourable soil and climate may be found in various
parts of the Souther Mahratta country—Deccen, Can-
deish, the territories of Nagpore and Hydk rabad, ex
tending almost to Cuttack and to Burallecund. above
the G bents, and to Malwa. Guzerat may also be fa-
vourable. Hence there is ample space for the continued,
almost unlimited extension of cotton culture in India.

OCCASIONAL SKETCHES-HERE

but observed, that they could not help expressing some
disappointment that so long a period had elapsed without.
any appearance of the expected improvement, as the
cotton imported from India was as defective as ever, both
in quality and cleanliness. They observed that this dis-
appointment was strongly felt in the manufacturing
district, more especially at the present time, owing to
the critical position of our relations with the United
States. After pointing out at some length the deficiency
in the staple of the different varieties of East India
cotton, which were illustrated by samples, and adverting
to the loss and inconvenience sustained by cotton spin-
ners from the dirty and unmerchantable state in which
East India cotton was too frequently received in this
country, the deputation expressed a desire to obtain in-
formation as to the prospects of an improved culture of
cotton in India, and to be favoured with the opinion of
the Court of Directors as to the ultimate success of the
efforts Which they understood to have been used for that
purpose.
Ihe CHAIRMAN, in reply, expressed his satisfaction
that the deputation had done the Court of Directors the
justice to believe, that their attention and efforts had
already been directed to the important subject of im-
proving and extending cotton cultivation in India. He
assured the deputation that the Court was fully aware of
the importance of this subject both to this country and to
India, and that their continued efforts might be fully de-
pended on. He begged to remind the deputation, that
the East India Company were prevented now by law
from becoming either cultivators of the soil, or from
engaging in mercantile transactions ; that such occupa-
tions and undertakings must be conducted by private
capital and industry, aided and encouraged by the Com-
pany ; that the Company bad not ceased, by all the
means in their power, to foster and promote such im-
provements as were practicable. That they had sent
out, at considerable expense to themselves, persons
competent to conduct experimental farms, and to in-
struct the native population in the better cultivation and
cleaning of their cotton; that they have provided a great
number of machines which had been lent to the natives;
that large quantities of uncleaned cotton had been pur-
chased from the growers, and resold to them, after hav-
ing been cleaned by the Company's machines, in order to
encourage them to procure and to use such machines
themselves. That the culture of cotton from American
seed had been carried on to a considerable extent; and
although it appeared that suck cottoa deteriorated in
quality in the Bengal and Madras districts, owing to the
want of a proper degree of moisture (an evil, however,
which might probably beremedied by proper irrigation),
it had been found that on planting the same seed in the
Dharwar district, the cotton produced retained its
American character ; and that, moreover, the seed
raised from the plant grown in that district produced
cotton better than even that produced from the Ame-
rican seed originally planted. That it had been ascer-
tained, that this district of Dharwar was admirably
suited for the culture of cotton from American seed ;
that the climate there had been compared with the dis-
trict of the Mississippi ; that a very large surface of
land was available for the purpose ; and that, at the pre-
sent time, upwards of 15,000 acres were under cultiva-
tion, and producing cotton of superior quality. That it
appeared that this cotton being found to be of so su-
perior a quality to that usually grown, was eagerly pur-
chased by the native manufacturers, and that conse-
quently little of it comparatively bad yet found its way
to this country. Anxious, however, that the English
spinners should have an opportunity of fairly testing its
qualities in comparison with American cotton, the Court
of Directors had sent out orders that 5,000 bales of the
best and cleanest cotton which could be procured, should
be purchased in each of the three presidencies, and
shipped to this country. The deputation were reminded
that all that came within the province of the Company
was to foster and encourage the efforts of others ;
aria:, this they were most anxious to do, being per-
fecry aware of the importance of the object, both to this
country and even more to India, inasmuch as success
must very materially increase the revenues of the Com-
paq. It was recommended, that enterprising men in
Mtinchester should turn their attention to the subject ;
thie they should form establishments for buying the
cotton from the natives, cleaning and exporting it to this
country ; and the chairman felt confident that more
would be accomplished by Manchester heads and Man-
chester cash than anything that could be done by the
Court of Directors.

AND THERE.

No. 11.

A MASS MEETING, AND DANIEL WEBSTER.

The recent speech of Mr. Daniel 'Webster on the subject of
Oregon having again placed him prominently before the
British public, a slight sketch of him may not be uninterest-
ing. In the month of August, 1844, T had the pleasure of
hearing the celebrated American orator on American ground,
and, as the occasion and the scene were of a novel character,
I will endeavour to describe both.
At the time to which I have referred the Presidential elec-
tion was going on, and Mr. Clay's friends were sanguine in
their expectations that " HARRY OF TILE Eat" would fill
the chair at Washington. To make, however, assurance
doubly sure, Mr. Webster was engaged to visit some of the
principal cities of the Union, for the purpose of delivering
Whig orations; and it was whilst I was residing at Phila-
delphia he visited that place.
As soon as it became known that Mr. Webster would visit
the city of Brotherly Love, many and vast were the prepara-
tions which were made to give him a hearty reception, for
the Americans are justly proud of their greatest orator.
Flags were unfurled in every direction—new banners were
painted, transparencies almost covered the fronts of some of
the houses, and ash poles, as if by magic, sprung out of the
ground in front of every 'Whig public-house. " Protec-
tion to American Industry," in letters a yard long,
met the eye at every turn, and caricatures of Mr.
Polk, in the character of an auctioneer, disposing
of articles of foreign manufacture, to the great grief
and dismay of American artisans, whilst Mr. Clay
proudly waved the " stars and stripes" over a batch
of mechanics, indicating that a tariff would protect
them, were rife. " Coons" in very victorious attitudes over
dead "cocks," or "roosters," as our transitliatic friends mo-
destly call them, were plentifully, displd, and every
draper's window was filled from top', to shWom with little
portraits of Mr. Clay on slips of riblfitn, with which gentle-
men decorated their coat-lappels. Even pocket-handker-
chiefs became political, and exhibited Mr. Clay's portrait,
which, by the by, formed a pleasing contrast to that of his
rival, Mr. Polk, inasmuch as the latter was universally re-
presented as a fierce, almost ferocious, and absolutely a very
gtim gentleman, whilst Mr. Clay figured as a smiling senator,
and the very pink of politeness and future presidents.
The Market-street of Philadelphia is an immensely long, very
straight thoroughfare, and lined on either side by the stores of
merchants who were, almost to a man, the supporters of Mr.
Clay, and the tariff which their candidate advocated. On this
occasion they did not neglect to show their zeal by deco-
rating their houses from the summits to the basements; and
really a prettier sight could scarcely be imagined than that
which Market-street presented on the day of the meeting.
large number of these stores belonged to dry-goods merchants,
or wholesale linendrapers, as we should call them ; and these
gentlemen had selected pieces of goods of the most brilliant
and showy colours, with which they festooned the fronts of
their houses, or wreathed them around triumphal arches,
which spanned the broad street. Not a chimney was to be
seen without a bright flag surmounting it, and not a window
which had not a bright face peeping out of it. And over all this
gay scene was an American blue, cloudless sky, and a clear trans-
parent pure atmosphere, which, like varnish on a picture,
brought vividly out all the colours ; and as from the countless
chimneys issued no smoke to cast its pall over the city, it
well may be supposed that Market-street was the brightest
of streets, for that day at least; and as every now and then
a cannon would boom from a house-top, or a six-barrelled
Colt's revolving pistol would show its smoking muzzle from
a window, it would have been no easy matter to have found
a noisier one.
The Mass Meeting was appointed to be held in a field
about a mile distant from the city, and, anxious to secure a
good place, in which I might see and hear all, I repaired
thither, instead of waiting in Market-street to witness from
one of the windows the procession which was to
escort Mr. Webster. The spot was a very suitable one
for the purpose. In front of a sloping piece of ground,
covered with the greenest and softest grass, on which row
above row thousands of people might sit, each having a full
view of the speaker, was erected a large platform roofed with
shingles, in order to shelter the speakers from the fierce rays
of the sun, which was almost raining down heat. In front of
the stage, or stand, was a little projecting place, somewhat
resembling a pulpit, for the orator; on either side of it were
desks for the reporters, and behind it, the chairman's seat,
and benches for the prominent personages who were to be
present. Anxious to obtain a seat on the platform, I pro-
ceeded to the staircase leading to it, when I was prevented
ascending by a gentleman with a roll of paper tied with
blue ribbon, to represent a marshal's baton, in his
hand, who politely informed me that the platform
was reserved for the members of Mr. Clay's committee and
the reporters of the public press. I said I wished to go up ;
but the gentleman was firmly courteous, and I was about to
wheel round to the front of the stand when I encountered one
of the committee of arrangements, whom I knew to be so
by the ribbon in his button-hole, and to him I applied for
permission to occupy the desired seat on the stand, informing
him that I was a stranger, and wished much to enjoy a fa•
vourable opportunity of hearing Mr. Webster before I re-
turned to England.
" Oh 1 you are from England, are you?" observed the gen-
tleman. " Well, Sir, I shall be happy to do all in my power
to get you up." And then he sent to another gentleman, by
whom I sfas passed to a third, who very courteously con-
ducted me to one of the very best seats, and seemed anxious
to make me comfortable, it appeared to me, just because I
was an Englishman. I declare I never met with more
gentlemanly treatment anywhere, and I very much question
if, at a political meeting in my own country, I should have
been similarly well treated. And I would observe here,
that this was not a solitary instance of American courtesy,
fur wherever I went I received the most polite attention and
the readiest service. In one instance, indeed, I thought
politeness was pushed over the verge of patriotism ; for, on
the occasion of my visiting a town in Massachusetts, on a
4th of July celebration, just before the "Declaration of Inde-
pendence" was read, in which occur some very strong remarks
on the conduct of King George the Third, the gentleman
who was to read it, and who happened to sit next to me,
smilingly hoped " that I should not feel offended at what was
going to be said about the King."
About three o'clock in the afternoon the booming of cannon,
the blasting of trumpets, and the deep roll of drums, mingled
at intervals with the flourishing of fifes, the reedy sounds of
clarionets, and the growlings of bassoons, proclaimed that
the procession was approaching ; and not long afterwards
two very busy-looking gentlemen, in cocked hats, with blue
scarfs, and having paper batons in their hands, gallopped
fiercely up to the stand, round and round which they cur-
vetted and cantered, giving orders, arid then they gallopped
back again to meet the corning procession, the head of which
was to be seen entering the field, whilst the tune of " Yankee
Doodle" was played with tremendous energy by the band.
It was a two-mile long procession, almost as lengthy as
the sea-serpent which, according to veracious chroniclers, is to
be seen every year off Nahant. On, and on, and on it came,
winding round the field, the cheers of the vast multitude
every now and then proclaiming that some popular personage
had been recognised by the mob. Like a monstrous snake
of many brilliant colours, it was seen winding its sinuous course
through the dense crowd, a part of it now flashing in the bril-
liant sunshine, and other portions of soberer hues being
scarcely distinguishable from the dense crowds by which it
was surrounded and hemmed in. About thirty bands,
placed equi-distant from each other, sent forth in turns their
music, and what with this, the firing, the huzzas, the enthu-
siasm of the men, and the excitement, heightened beauty of
the women, a more inspiriting sight could not be well ima-
flirted.
The most distinguished members of the procession were
received by the committee, who stood at the head of the
platform stairs, and directed them to their allotted seats. Of
course I cannot even allude to a twentieth part of these
favoured individuals, who were either judges, senators, mem-
bers of Congress, or of the State Legislature, or well known
Whig orators. I, however, had my particular attention
drawn to one, who, from the cheers with which he was
greeted, I judged must be some one of consequence.
He rode a white horse, very richly caparisoned, and on his
alighting from it and ascending the platform-stairs, very
great deference and respect was shown him. He was some •
what advanced in years, for his hair was snow-white, and he
seemed somewhat feeble. His face was florid, and he had a
pair of bright, keen, grey eyes, which now seemed lighted
up with pleasurable excitement. He was short of stature,
stout, and punchy in frame, and looked mere like a com-
fortable English gentleman-farmer than an American. In
his hand he held a beautiful bouquet; several wreathes
of flowers hung on his arm, and a brilliant floral
scarf was thrown carelessly around his portly person. These
tokens of admiration had been bestowed upon him by fair
ladies during his progress to the place of meeting; and to ex-
plain why, it may be as well to state that he was the popular
Whig candidate for the governorship of the state of Pennsyl-
vania, which high and honourable post, however, he failed to
obtain, a more fortunate gentleman, who professed democratic
principles, and rejoiced in the euphonious name of Shunk,
having beaten General Markle by many hundred votes.
" That's him ; yonder's Black Dan ; here he comes !" And
the shouting, which before was loud enough, is increased ten-
fold as the man of the day is recognised. "Three cheers
for old Massachusetts !" " Three good-'uns for the old Bay
State !" " Three cheers for Dan Webster !" are proposed
and given with hearty good-will, as the observed of all ob-
servers mounts the staircase with slow and almost solemn
steps, looking right a-head, and seeming to pay no more
attention to the noise than if he was deaf as a post. On
reaching the floor of the stand he half turns round,
and slightly bends his body, and then retiring be-
hind the foremost row of gentlemen, coolly divests
himself of his huge worsted comforter, shakes hands
with one or two friends, and then pulling down his hat over
his brows, he seats himself on a bench, and folding his arms
on his broad chest, quietly surveys the vast audience, which
rise row above row, to their natural amphitheatre, until first
features, then forms become indistinct, and, at length, far up
and away, a dense many -coloured mass above is to be seen,
bounded by a line of flags,which flutter gaily, against a back-
ground of sky which, it is no exaggeration of description to
say, is " richly, deeply, beautifully blue."
The proceedings commenced by a very good, but a very
long, prayer, by a clergyman; then followed speeches which
were listened to with manifest impatience, and at length it
was stated that Mr. Webster would move the next resolution.
The cheering which followed this announcement was, as
the theatrical people say, " immense." Men flourished their
hats, women waved their handkerchiefs, and the voices of
thirty thousand people hailed the orator's name with a noisy
welcome. After a few minutes he rose, slowly divesfedohenmc;
self of his brown over coat, and then waiting untilo s
could be obtained he stood uncovered, svith f mass
gazing with those marvellous eyes of hisdru_soos.n tlpilehadnl
human beings whom he was about to ad e
flowers to decorate his person— no ornaments, indeed, of any
kind. I should as soon expected to have seen a giant attained
aed
with coral and bells, as to have seen Daniel Webster
bouquet in his button-hole.
He was a man rather above than beneath the ordinary
werfully built, baying a broad,
height, very strongly, even po

Various samples of cotton were exhibited, to show
the progress which had been made, both in improving
the quality of cotton grown in India, and in the mode of
cleaning it. Those samples, which were grown in
Madras and Bengal, had the same short and tender
staple which has always characterised the cotton im-
ported from those districts ; whereas the samples grown
in the Dharwar district, from American seed, were very
superior, as were also some samples of indigenous
cotton, grown also in Dharwar ; and to whatever extent
such cotton can be produced, the deputation feel no
doubt, it would form a substitute fur a similar quantity
of middling and fair American cotton.
The CHAIRMAN, in conclusion, intimated to the depu-
tation, that the Court of Directors would be glad to
communicate again with the Manchester Commercial
Association, and to give attention to any information or
suggestions which might be brought before them on this
important subject.
During the interview, the chairman and deputy-
chairman of the Court of Directors were attended by
their secretary, Mr. Melvill, and the botanist of the
Company, Dr. Royle, both 9f whom showed an intimate
acquaintance with the cultivation of cotton in India.
.
Dr. Royle. particular, is well known to have paid
great attention to the subject, and he has since trans-
mitted to the deputation a report upon the progress of
improved cultivation in India, which was read at
the interview with the chairman and deputy-chairman
of the East India Company, which we are enabled to
subjoin, and which, though it repeats, to some extent,
the statements of the chairman, will be interesting to
many of our readers:--
OBSERVATIONS ON THE COTTON EXPERIMENTS IN

INDIA, BY DR. ROYLE.
The experiments on the culture of the American cot-
ton in India, and of the native cotton, according to the
American method, as well as on the cleaning of cotton
with American gins, were commenced in 1840 by ten

American planters ; three of whom, however, very
shortly gave up their engagement.
The experiments on the cleaning of cotton seems to
have been completely successful, as the work was done
effectively, quickly, and cheaply, with very little injury
to the staple, as is evident by the reports of brokers, and
by the prices at which the cotton was sold at Liverpool.
The native weavers also bought the native cotton at an
increased price, as more valuable to them on account of
its cleanness, &i.

Groups of gins established in favourable situations
would afford a large supply of very good cotton for the
English manufacturer, and the undertaking would yield
a good profit, especially if the same parties could ex-
port it.
The culture of American cotton in India has not been
so successful. It failed in the northern part of the Ben-
gal presidency from two very dry seasons, and also from
the general dryness of the soil and climate at particular
times ; and apparently owing to the American planters
not employing irrigation at these times, as is done in the
similar climate of Egypt.
The culture of American cotton failed at Broach and
at Goruckpore and Rungpore, from the excessive heat
and dryness of the weather immediately the rains ceased,
that is, late in September and early in October ; like-
wise from the depredations of innumerable insects. But
even. in these situations, the cotton plants recovered
themselves and yielded some cotton, It is probable that
a little irrigation, even at the end of September or be-
ginning of October, might save the plants, by enabling
them to support the enormous evaporation caused by the
great dryness. Too much moisture, however, causes the
plants to run too much into leaf.
Bengal side considered the
improvement. On
In all these situations the culture of the native cot-
ton was much improved by tse partial adoption of the
American method, that is, as far as suitable to the cli-
nalttiev.atiTonheas ibplsaunsteeerpstonleo
the
fgreat
the Bombay side the native culture is more, indeed by
some highly, approved of. Mr. Mercer states that the
cotton of Centrallndia is generally of good quality, and
some of it long in staple, when grown in good black
lands. It requires only more careful picking, cleaning,
and packing.
At Coimbatore, though the climate is not alto ether
g
favourable, the culture of American cotton has now pro-
ceeded for some years, and though with occasional draw-
backs, yet upon the whole with success. The draw-
backs have been a few storms and occasional droughts ;
but cotton, which has been highly approved of by Man-
only attended the ex-
perimentaland it is remarkable
chester manufacturers, has been produced ; and Dr.
an cotton was produced
Wight, the superintendent, is of opinion that he can carry
on the culture with profit.
that
h aC o
smopml t ee
oc
culture
lsuccessttuhree
best
ehf
sats , however,Ame
rDharwar,ic
here in 1834 (the specimens are still in the India House,
and were seen by Mr. Mercer and other planters when in
London). showing that there must be some permanent
cause for this uniform effect. The cause is no doubt the
climate, which Mr. Mercer says is more like the Missis-
sippi climate than any he has been in in India. The
elevation (being above the Ghauts) modifies the climate,
which also feels the influence of both monsoons and
rains, so that it never becomes excessively dry, and
is never inundated with too much rain, as the force
of the moonsoon is broken on the Ghauts or mountain-
ous range. The culture of American cotton has
here been yearly increasing in quantity, from 600
acres the first year (1842), to, it is calculated, 15,000
acres this year, when Mr. Mercer thinks that not less

cape, ions chest and limbs, of sturdy and yet by no means
clumsy formation. But his head was what attracted and
rivetted attention—and such a head as Daniel Webster's, I
believe, was never before placed on mortal shoulders. It is
peculiarly large ,and so prominent about the temples, that it
seems as if an immense quantity of brain had been packed
into the cranium whilst it was soft in those regions, and
had caused it to bulge out. The forehead is massive
and ample, and protrudes somewhat in front. It is sur-
mounted by carelessly arranged darkish brown hair, slightly
streaked with grey. His eyebrows are very large, and ascend
from within outwards. His nose is short, somewhat nobbed
at the end, and looks as though it were grafted on his face,
rather than grew there ; and his mouth is thin-lipped and
compressed. Slight whiskers appear on either cheekbone,
and his complexion, dark and swarthy, has earned for him
amongst his countrymen the soubriquet of " Black Dan."
But the most remarkable features in Mr. Webster's face
are his eyes. Carlyle (I believe) said they were like blast
furnaces blown out, when in repose. They are large, dark,
and deeply-situated in cavernous openings, the roofs of which
are formed by the upper portions of the huge orbits, the shaggy
brows forming a species of pent- house lids to them. Dark
and shadowed as they are before he commences speaking, they
are objects of attraction ; but when the blaze of his own elo-
quence kindles them, they glow like living coals, and are dia-
bolically beautiful. He commences his speech in a low,
deep, yet perfectly distinct tone, and silence instantly per-
vades the vast multitude. As he proceeds, the volume of his
voice increases, until, like a majestic stream, it flows onward
in its deep charnel with resistless power. He does not
deal largely in tropes or metaphors; and yet, occasionally,
lie delights with the most poetical passages. His style of
oratory is not the ornate, but the massive, and he is rather
clear and forcible than florid or captivating. Appealing
to reason and good sense, rather than to feeling and pas-
sion, he produces almost marvellous effects. He softens
his audience by the beauty of his style and dic-
tion, and then, down he comes with the pon-
derous sledgehammer of his eloquence, and moulds
them to his will. His eloquence, contrasted with that
of another distinguished American orator, Mr. Choate, is as
the simple grandeur of a pyramid in opposition to the ele-
gance of a Corinthian temple. The effect of his speech on
the occasion to which I am especially referring cannot be
better described than by adopting the unconsciously correct
criticism of a Yankee from Connecticut, who-stood near me,
and exclaimed at its conclusion, " Well, I guess, as every
word in that ere speech weighed a paound." Sidney Smith,
when asked what he thought of Mr. Webster, after hearing
a speech which the American made at an agricultural dinner
in Oxford, expressed the same astonishment in a different
manner—" What do I think of him, Sir?" said the witty
canon, " why, he is a steam-engine in breeches, Sir."
Mr. Webster is unquestionably the foremost man of Ame-
rica, and well may the citizens of the Old Boy State, as well,
indeed, as those of the entire Union, be proud of him. His
name is never mentioned but with admiration, and seldom by
Massachusetts men without enthusiasm, and he deserves the
almost universal homage which he receives. As a debater he
has not his equal on the floor of the Senate, and
his crushing defeat of Mr. Hague who was, a few years since,
pitted by the South against him, will long deter any new arts
tagonist from entering thelists with him. An American writer,
with whom we only disagree when he places him above
Burke, says of our subject—
" Daniel Webster has written his name in our history. He
has graven it indelibly on the rocks of our hills. He has as-
sociated it in some way with all that is grand and peculiar
about us. 'Whatever may be the effects of Time upon his
reputation as a politician, unless the world return to barba-
rism, it cannot destroy his fame as an author. If I were to
compare him to any foreigner, it would be to Burke. But
he is a far greater man than the Irish Colossus. His genius
is more universal. He is more chaste. His style and argu-
ment are more compact. His learning is more various and
profound. The literature of the language has no more
splendid rhetoric or faultless logic. Born almost contempo-
raneously with the nation, he has grown with its growth,
strengthed with its strength, and become an impersonation
of its character."
As of all other great men, many amising anecdotes are
related of Mr. Webster. I will only inflict one upon the
reader, who will, I think, agree with me that it is not a bad
one. The distinguished man, just before Lafayette's last visit
to America, formed one in a fishing-party in Massa
chusetts Bay. He had been selected to deliver to
the welcoming speech to the Frenchman on his ap-
proaching visit, and during his occupation of hauling
up cod-fish and tantog, he was observed to be very abstracted.
It appeared afterwards that he must have been studying
that part of his speech in which he afterwards addressed
Lafayette, for a gentleman who was fishing next him ob-
served him pulling in his line, hand over hand, with some
difficulty, as if a large fish was hooked, yet without exhibit-
ing any satisfaction on his face at having captured a prize.
At length the fish was seen approaching the surface and
gleaming through the green waters, like a lively bladder of
quicksilver; still Webster'a face gave no smiling welcome;
but just as the fish came to the surface, he burst out with
" Venerable man ! the representative of the two hemispheres,
welcome to our shores," and down flopped the " monster
cod" on the deck !
The recent speech of Mr. Webster, in Boston, has added
new lustre to his already bright reputation. It has been
hailed with as much satisfaction by politicians on this side of
the water, as to the men of Massachusetts in Faneuil Hall;
and from a personal knowledge of the latter, I hesitate not to
say that a more high-minded and enlightened race of men
nowhere exists. Well would it be for America if, in her high
places, were seated such clear-headed politicians as Daniel
Webster; and higher than it is would be her position in the
scale of nations were all her citizens as just and as generous
as those of the " Old Bay State." WHIZ.

REMINISCENCES OF OUR