The Sun.
London, England, 1821-07-07 00:00:00

THE CORONATION.

It has been generally understood that the Co-
ronation of King JAMES the SECOND, which by
order of that Monarch was so minutely detailed
ill SANDFORD'S Work, would be the exact pro-
totype of the present one; but this will not be
the case. Lord GWYDIR and the Noblemen who
superintend the solemn ceremony hale indeed re-
ferred to SANDFORD'S account upon many dubious
points, and the more general plan of that Coro-
nation will be preserved; but in other very ma-
terial respects the ensuing Coronation will de-
cidedly differ from that of JAMES. The Lord
Mayors of London and Dublin, the Heads of the
Universities, and a number of other Commoners,
were then present at the dinner in the Hall ; but
it is now fully determined that no other person
whatever than Peers shall dine in the presence:of
his MAJESTY; and that the Peers shall not sit
down to table until his MAJESTY has done din-
ner, and it about to partake of the dessert. For
the Commoners, who will attend the Coronation,
tables are to be prepared in the various Courts of
Law, and the spacious rooms connected with the
Hall. The following is a sketch of the general
form that has recently been determined upon :--
" His Majesty will leave the Speaker's house
(where he will sleep) in the same dress that he
has hitherto worn upon State occasions, and take
his seat upon the Throne erected under the
South window. Before him, on the Royal table,
will lie the regalia. About three feet distant on

his right hand will sit his Royal Highness the
Duke of York, and on his left the Duke of Cla-
rence. and the other Dukes round the table.—
The different persons who are entitled to bear
the regalia will then individually advance, ac-
companied by Heralds, and receive their respect-
ive burthens from his Majesty's' table. The
whole procession will then marshal and proceed
to the Abbey. The Ladies of rank, who will be
accommodated in the galleries, will go by the
covered way. Upon arriving in the• Abbey his
Majesty will immediately proceed to the pri-
vate Chapel at the back of the Altar, and there
change his dress. St. Edward's Crown, or the
Crown of England, will also there be placed upon
his head by the Archbishop of Canterbury.--
By this time, all persons having •taken their
places in the" Abbey,. his IMiajesty will come
forward in public and kneel before the Altar.
—The Archbishop will then take St. Edward's
Crown from his head again, and place it upon
the Altar, and after the prayer, supply its place
by the new Crown, and place an additional robe
upon his Majesty's shoulders. His Majesty will
next take his Seat in St. Edward's Chair, which
is elevated upon a platform in the centre of the.
Abbey Cross. At the four corners of the Cross,
immediately against the pillars, will stand four
Heralds superbly apparelled. Th e sermon will
be preached from a pulpit which is erecting at
the north-east corner. After the service, his
Majesty will return in procession with•the new
Crown upon his head to Westminster -Hall, and
there dine.—The Peers, and all persons except-
ing the Royal Familv, who partake with his
Alaiesty, will stand while. The remaining
forms in regard to the Champion, &G. are the
usual ones and are well knoWn.. "

[Farther Particulars ofyesterdag's Proceedings.]
Mr. BROUGHAM proceeded with the continua-
tion of his argument. He did not feel any neces-
sity for reminding their Lordships of the histo-
rical facts and arguments which he bad thought
proper to adduce the day before, because with
a very little attention to his statement, and with-
out having gotre through any very material por-
tion of his arguments, every one who heard him
must at least have been acquainted with what his
inferences and dedOctions were, because they bore
o immediately upon the question. It was, there..
fore, barely necessary for him to remind their
Lordships what these inferences were. The
first proposition which they went to establish
was. that the Queen Consort had been crowned
in all ages ; or at least that there was no instance
where a monarch bad been crowned when mar-
ried, and his wife living in this country, and she
not partaking in the ceremony. Of course he
laid out of consideration the Consort of Charles
the First; and the reasons which he had yester-
day given, appeared to him to have sufficiently
explained that omission. He had, therefore, a
right to assume the larger proposition, that all
Queens Consort of England had been crowned.
It was quite manifest that, if in a long succession
of aces, one or two instances sh.ould occur, in
which he was not able to prove that the cere-
mony occurred ; or, if supposing, which probably
might. be the case, that there were some instances
of a Queen Consort becoming such by marriage,
after the Coronation of her husband, and the ce-
remony not afterwards being performed, he
would say that such instances, according to all
the rules of probability under which men acted,
and still more particularly according to all the
rules of strictly legal proceedings, could not pre-
vail against his general proposition. Their Lord-
ships would observe, that he was not referring
to any case about which there was no doubt with
respect to the right withheld or deferred ; still
*less to any case of the right claimed, refused, and
then adjudicated against the claim. And if he
could show 99 instances out of 100 in which the

right claimed to be enjoyed had been enjoyed,
the case of one in the hundred could not weigh
against the greater number. Every thing being
proved in the majority of cases, he_ had-a right
to rely on that circumstance. He did not expect
it would be contended, that those who might
have to oppose him had only to bring forwaYd
one instance of contention, confiscation, and
adjudication, to overset the right established
by all the other precedents; but if, after
making all possible concessions, his opponents
were unable to show that there was one single
instance of the kind just mentioned, he had
a right to assume, that having proved his case in
99 instances out of 100, the claim could not be
barred, because either from ignorance or neg-

lect of his own, or from any other circumstance
whatsoever, he was unable to explain the cir-
cumstances which had Jed to the exception.—
The right itself remaining as it was before,
though not in that single -instance exercised, ac-
cording to all legal decisions and rational infe-
rences, it must be perfectly clear that, were he

possession of the circumstances, he could satis-

faciorily explain the causes, which made the case
an exception. He had clearly, made out his first
proposition, that every married King when
crowned had his Consort crowned with him, ex-
cepting the case of Henrietta Maria, the Consort
of Charles 1., and that case he had satisfactorily
explained. But suppose he had not explained

—or suppose he had offered no explanation of

it, or that he had failed in explainink it, yet he
might rely upon a decision in his favour; the
legal presumption would be, that if he knew all

ie circumstances he should have succeeded in

the explanation, and the general rule would he
unaffected. That this was the ground of the
practice in all the Courts, he need no; stop to
affirm. They all proceeded on it, and Judges
and Juries thereby abided. But supposing the
want of uniformity made by this case—suppos-
ing the. explanation which he had to give the
most unsatisfactory and inadequate to the pur-
pose, still he would have a right to rely on what
he had proved; every thing ought to be assumed
in hid favour to prevent that one exception from
being of any avail against the general rule, to
bring it within the general rule, and to make it
agree with the uniform current of cases. This
was the principle by which all proceedings in
Courts of Justice were regulated. Suppoe a
question as to the right of way or common—the
two cases would be joined in issue as the most
proper method of determining it. Suppose the
evidence to extend as far back as living me-
mory—suppose that, with the exception of one
month or one year, the right was prayed by
exercise or enjoyment during_ the whole period,
the want of proof as to that particular period
could not be supposed to invade the right. The-
party might not be able to prove the exeli,:e of

the light for a particular month, as he might not
be able to explain the causes why Henrivtta
Maria was not crowned. But the Court would
hold, if he proved ancient and continued right
and present possession, the exception to be per-
fectly explained. But even the abStinence frOm
enjoyment was. no proof of non-existence in the
right. Their Lordships well knew .that, in prov.:
ing right frown immemorial usage, there were
three sorts of cases which:the parties might. pro-
duce :—First, That of simple usage or enjc%) -
went, which was evidence .of so sliglit a charac-
te-r, that only a number of cases,- bearing.•all one
way, were of any. avail. The second order W ZiS
of-rights whichlixd bee:, contested and.yet were

enjoyed;, and any one instance of this sort was
worth a whole crowd of the first. The 'third
class was, that of rights claimed being confiscated.
or adjudicated, or cases of refusal without adju-
. dication ; and he was ready to admit that accord-
ing to law one successful
,refusal of ,a right claimed
. would be more fatal to that claim than a nuniber
of the • first-mentioned cases would benefit it.
These bore on ihe present question thus :
Agreeably to the first) he had shewn the uni-
form and uninterrupted enjoyment of the
right ;—second, the absence of .an instance
under the third head ;—and third. there being
an instance under the second. head of re-
fusal of the right which was afterwards
granted. In the case of the wife of 'Henry IL,
which he bad quoted yesterday, and where-oc-
curred the first interruptionwas there an ac-
quiescence hi that case ? No ; but on thecon,
trarysiLouis of France, the father of the Queen)
had claimed for his daughter the observance-of
the uniform ceremony, which, according to Mar-
garet of Burgundy, every Queen in Fin land had
enjoyed since the Conquest, and lienry was com-
pelled to acquiesce, and the Queen was then
crowned with great pomp at -Winchester... There
was, in fact, no other possible way of sheaving
the existence of the right, but the manner in
which , he was assuming, proving, and, as he
thought, establishing it. How else, before the
Court of Claims,
,were rights of service at the
ceremony of the Coronation established ? How
else did the Barons of the Cinque. Ports show
their right to carry the canopy over the Zing)
and to have a part of that canopy for their ser-
vice ? Suppose any instance in which the Barons
should, for the want of specific proof, in the lapse
.of ages fail to shew that they had exercised that
privilege—would that counterveil the validity •of
their claim, founded 'on repeated usage? Certainly
not. He would venture to say that there were
at least half a dozen instances in which the
Barons could not shew they had exercised their
asserted right ; and 'would any of these instances
where that proof failed, shake the firm hold of
their long and undeniable usage. There was,
the other day, before the Court of Claims, a• righ t
admitted, which for a long course of yvars iatd
lain dormant, and not been in any way exercised

—he alluded to the allowed claim of John Moyn,
who, as Lord of four Manors in Essex, clai:ned
to be caterer to the King's kitchen, and larderer
to the King's and Queen's. This was 'a claim
recognised by the Court—and it could not apply
to Queen regnants, for it was to be found in the
close roll at the Tower so far back as the time of
Henry the Fifth, and before there had been a
Queen regnant, so it clearly referred to Queens
Consort. Yet that claim of iloyn's now admitted
had not been exercised from the time of Edward
V. untirafter several subsequent reigns. There
was a, distinction between the Larderer fm- the
King and Queen, and the Caterer for the king's
Kitchen. That distinction, and, in fact, the
whole formula of the ceremony, as laid down in
the Records, she wed that the solemnity of crown-
ing the Queen was not an auxiliary or tuere ap-
pendage upon that of the King, but a substantive,
independent, and principal right. So essential
was it, in point of fact,
.that the solemnity of
crowning the Queen should take place; that seve-
ral rights of service and tenure were attached to,
and dependent upon it. He had to remind their
Lordships of the cases which he had yesterday
adduced, of the Coronation of Queens by them-
selves singly.—There were nine Crowned with
the King, or where the King had 'been crowned
a second time with his Queen when he married
after his own original Coronation. In addition to
these were the cases of six Queens, those of Ed-
ward 111., Richard 11., Henries 111., V.,and
Who were crowned alone, and unattended by
their Kings in the solemnization of the ceremo-
nies. In all cases the Coronation of the Queen
Consort had been held so necessary a ceremony as
touching the Crown and the Royal rights as well
as those of the country, that whenever it had been
performed in respect to the King alone, it was
afterwards performed again in respect to the
Queen, he - bearing no part therein. • These cir-
cumstances :hewed that there was scale:ll4g,--
what it was he should presently attempt to shew,
and if he did not succeed,. still the facts would
be in his favour—these circumstances shelved that
there• was something which required that the
Queen should be crowned apart from the King,
heving not been crowned with him,,and he hearing
no part in the second ceremony. Now, if he
were called upon to shew that the Coronation of
a Queen Consort was not merely accessary to the
same solemnity in respect to the King—if he
were called upon to shew the tests to prove the
existence of a right—e.if he was so' Called •upen—
he should answer upon these twogroands. First,
that there was, bi!sides this separate enjoyment,
• - •
an-appointed ceremonial for tnet sow:natty inde-
pendent of any other, which proved a real and
substantial right. In the second place, there had
arisen in the course of time various rights iese-
parable from it, and that was proved by the -ne-
cessity ,of having the solemnity performed for the
Queen alone: These together, shewed.clear and
uninterrupted usage, and.upoa nu other grounds
had they a right to say-that the'King's COrooe-
tion was founded.. The• Queen's. rit:ht, rested
upon the same basin. Thi,re was a eermonial for
her and necessary rights.- connected • with
respect to that- ceremonial; he had already
citud passages from the Siton._ history
.whkh
clearly bore upon it... It wae aieo described in
the Lilfeir RE'galis about which so neachilad,b4a
said.. And :here he most in jitstice,, remar)Cto
their Lordships, that there was a statute ':.of
tiieabeth, of whose exisrenee he had•beea-:itic-
-
rant, impasing a necesAty Upantuli 'Dean atiJ

Chapter not to give that book out of their
hand Nvithout: sufficient :au thoeity.- There was
likewise the MS. of -the reign of Richard the Se-
.. ,
•cand, written in the year 1739, in which an
account of three different ceremonies was ascer-
tained. First, there_ war the ceremonial of the
solemnity for the King, in which the Queen was
kept apart'. Then there was another for both—
" Si Regina cum liege sit coroizandnm ;"—and
here it was laid down that the Bishop should
give the gospel to each. -Then came the cere-
monial for the Queen,—" Si Regina sit corn-
: nand;em ;" evidently going upon the supposition
that the .Queen should be crowned alone.- It
appeared in the red book of the Exchequer,
that at the Coronation of Henry the Third's
Queen, one Gilbert de Sandford claimed, by an-
cient right of his progenitors, to be Chamber-
lain to the Queen, and to keep the door of her
chamber upon the day of her coronation, and
afterwards to have her bed, and all its appur-
tenances, as the fees belonging to his office. This
right was mentioned in another place, where,
.speaking of the • same Gilbert de Sandford, it
• was stated that by virtue of his holding certain
manors—" he be Chamberlain to the Lady the
Queen on that day ;" meaning the day of the
Coronation. It fui ther appeared, in the red
. book of the Ex-chequer, folio 232, that Robert
Vere, Earl of Oxford, son of Alice de Vere, at
the Coronation of the Queen of Richard the Se-
cond, held this-office from his ancestor, Gilbert
• de Sandford. Similar rights were recognised by
the summonses and proclamations, which-corn-
_
• rnanded all those to attend who claimed services
or appointments at the Coronation of the Queens.
—This would'-be found in the summons for the
Coronation of Catherine, the Queen of Edward
the First, and of .Phillippa, the Queen of Henry
the Third, who had been previously crowned
• alone. At the Coronation of Richard's Queen,
there was also an order to the Sheriffs, to make
the same proclamation. Another claim was also
noticed here, namely, that of Reginald Grey de
• Rufo, to be Caterer to the Queen. The procla-
mation of the Coronation of Elizabeth, the
Queen of Henry VII. also commanded the at-
tendance of those who had to perform services to
• the Queen.
The LORD CHANCELLOR.—Where do you find
that ? We have not a copy of it before us I
think.
Mr. BROUGHAM observed, that it was in Ry-
mer. It was not the Proclamation for the Coro-
nation, but for the attendance of all persons who
had services to perform, or otherwise bore parts
in the solemnity. And their Lordships would
bear in mind, that in the case of the last Queen,
a second Proclamation was issued for her Coro-
nation owing to the intervention of the Royal
Nuptials. This Proclamation commanded the
attendance of all persons claiming the right of
services at such Coronation, namely, the Coro-
ration of the Queen Consort.
The Earl of LIVERPOOL.— " Mr. Brougham,
what is the date of the earliest document you
have regarding the Coronation of a Queen Con-
sort, and does it refer to a separate one, or where
the King and Queen were crowned. together ?
Mr. BROUGHAM said, he could inform their Lordships in
a few moments, but he was not prepared to give an answer on
the instant. At any rate it was as far back as the Coronation
of Phillip, Queen of Edward the Third. Thus it would be
seen, that there were the _rights of others interwoven with the
right of the Queen—rights which they could only enjoy when
toe Queen exercised her right. There were the services, there
were the claims, and the separate and distinct proclamations ;
and could the whole mean nothing, absolutely nothing ? Was
all unsubstantial form? Was all what might, or might not, be
performed ? Was that which had always been an integral part
of the Coronation, when the King was married, unimportant
and insignificant ? When the Queen's right was connected with
the legal rights of other persons, could any one pronounce it to
he possible that a right so used and connected was absolutely
notning ? Of all suppositions, that he thought would he the
most violent one. He might not be able to divine how the right
had originated—he might not be able to show what was the in-
teridment of a coronation—he might not be able to point it out
as a principle of the Constitution, as far as documents were
concerned ; but if he could demonstrate what had been the
facts, the presumption would be in favour of the principle
This inability to adduce evidence in some points, ought to be
no argument against him here. He would therefore again ask,
could such a solemnity, which had been performed with so
little interruption, be a matter so indifferent as to'render it of
no consequence whether it was enjoyed or not ? They who.de-
Pied the existence of such a right, were bound to show how
it had existed at all. If it were optional with the King, whe-
ther the right should be enjoyed or not, it meant nothing. This
he would lay down with the greatest confidence, as a principle
of Constitutional law. There was, he maintained, no usage of
any magnitude that existed at the Sovereign's pleasure. To
11.31;27t the contrary would be to say that the King reigned not for
the realm's benefit, but for his own private ends. The law held
that such important ceremonies were for the realm's benefit ; and
evereesol -enmity, the origin of which waslost in antiquity, and the
o'eeervance of which occupied a eereat share in the annals of the
country, must on that account be considered aright of the realm
and not an appanage of the King. He held that a Coronation
eras of this nature. Long before the. Act of William and
Mary, regarding the Coronation Oath, Sec. it was taken to be
a argil and ancient ceremony, with which the King could not
dispense. It was a right not of the person but of the Sovereign,
to be exercised for the benefit of the realm, and as a Sovereign
only he was only known in that solemnity. The Sovereign
was the mere creature of the law, as those solem-
nities were the creatures of the law; and the Sovereign
had only- to execute those solemnities of the realm for
the benefit of the realm. Those who said that the Queen's
Coronation depended upon the King's pleasure, must be pre-
pared to go another step, and say of the King's Coronation that
et alsa depended upon his will, and that it wets a mere vain and
empty ceremony,.—an insignificant, an unmeaning pageant; for
it must be so, it it depended upon his will whether it should be
or not. He was at a loss to know how this ceremony could be
considered as the mere personal right; as belonging to theman
and not to the Sovereign. How could it be said that he was
not there in his political capacity, when perhaps, of all other
occasions, it was then that his political capacity stood most
. forward, and that his personal existence was most deeply
merged. The Coronation of the Queen rested precisely upon
the same feeling; it was a right as ancient, and as constantly
• exercised as that of the King. With respect to the principle
itself, though not bound to show it, still he would deal a little
with that part of the question, because he thought that the
reasoning would throw much • ight upon the subject:- It was,
he said, likely that, in ancient times, the Coronation was much
more than a ceremony—it was an acknowledgment, or probably
the election of the Monarch—at which the King and Queen
were shown to the people for their approbation : when the King
was held up for the approbation of the people, every one would
discover a good. reason for holding up. the Queen also, on ac-
t:eel:A of her place, her natural connexion with the King. The
necessary-connection with the rest of the Royal Family made
her an important and necessary figure in the Royal ceremony.
He then referred to a Charter of the fifth year of the reign of
John, in which there was a giant of dower to his daughter
Isabella, referring to the Coronation of his -Queen. It stated
that she had been crowned with the common consent of the
Jiaeons, Clergy, and the People. He proceeded to show the
Importance of acknowledging in every public manner the
rights of the Queen of England—the necessity of holding her up
not only as pure, but with conduct above suspicion. It was
from her that the rightful successors of the Crown were to
issue"; and it was above all things necessary that the legitimacy
of that issue should be. without taint or suspicion, in order
to Erevent the greatest domestic calamity—a disputed Suc-
cession : Upon an undisputed 'Succession, the peace and
prosperity of the Crown depended. It was with that view
_that the Law of Treason, as far as related to the conduct
of the Queen, depended. The Law made no distinction be-
tween a young Queen and a Queen advanced in life -between
a Queen of eighteen and of eighty years of age—the law

guarded with equal anxiety- the Royal hechto the last hour of
the Queen's existence.. The Learned Gentleman then next pro-
ceeded to.combat the argument that the Coronation of the
Queen depended entirely utvin the Proclamation of the King
—the right of the subject depended, upon.the Crown, issuing
a writ. of right in some cases,. a Royal Proclathation in others.
`Here he referred to the usstel summons issued to an Earl's el-
dest son, to the issuing of a Proclamation in the case of prize.s,
'and lastly, to the issuing. of. a PrOclamation for the call-
ing of Parliaments. These different tights depended up-
on the Crown issuing, its Proclamation ; . they could 'not be
excused or enjoyed without that Proclamation or. .aummons
but then the question was, was the Crown bound to issue Pro-
clamations in the one case, or its writ, or its summons in the
other ? He contended that it would be monstrous to say that
the Crown was not bound, strictly bound, to issue such writ,
sununons, or Proclamation. In case the crown delayed or re-
fused to do so, he was not bound to say what mode was to be
taken by the aggrieved subjects. Possibly impeachment would
be the remedy. It was enough for him to say that the Crown
was bound—that it could riot refuse to issue its Writ or
its Proclamation ; and that with respect to the Coronation
of her Majesty, the right was equally clear and the necessity
equally obvious and imperative. Pitt the Queen's Claims
upon the same grounds as the rights of the people, and he
was satisfied. Ile had heard it said that' the Queen was no
corporation, and had no right of prescription. She was
-as much a- corporationas the 'King. And he would say that '
she -could - prescribe as a functionary, and• by virtue of
•the dignity and authority of her office. Lord Chief Baron
Comyn laid it down that officers could prescribe, and in-
stanced the right of a Chancellor so to.do. In the Second
Roll, 2G4, it was also laid down that a Sergeant, Attorney, and.
Under Sheriff; might presCribe as for themselves, and all per-
sons holding such. offices. .He should not now detain their
Lordships further. These were the legal arguments which he
had to submit to the Council as to the rights of the Queen.—
With all the questions connected with the facts, lie had now no
concern. All the circumstances of the times lie had carefully
avoided: He had confined himself 'strictly to the legal ques-
tion, and he had been happy to know that he was addressing
himself to lawyers. Toe circumstances under which their
Lordships' decision would 'be given ,and the various contentions
by which the country had been distracted, would hereafter
cease to operate upon men's minds ; unless, indeed, they should
be resorted to, to-explain an otherwiae inexplicable judgment.
In distant ages men might be occupied, as they had been, in
searching into all the monuments of Saxon justice, and in en-
deavouring to penetrate the. feudal obscurities of Norman ty-
ranny ; and then they would also sit in judgment upon the
great Lawyers of the Intli century. And it was his earnest hope
that finding no 'difficulty, they would not have to seek as we
had done, but to look to the first decision that will have been
given, with all-that confidence which the great names that Must
descend with it were calculated to inspire ; and most anxiously
did he hope that there would be nothing in that judgment which
would tend to derogate from their confidence, or to lessen its
Authority.
Mr. DENMAN,- in addressing their Lordships after his
Learned Friend," expresSed his fear, not that the claim of his
illustrious Client was not already aatablislied, but that he might
injure that claim by attempting to throw any light upon a sub-
ject made so clear already. • If he asked the establishment of
this claim as a grace and favour, he would compromise the
right of his Client ; and if he spoke in. terms approaching too
much towards boldness, he might be accused of presunipuon,
anticipating their Lordships' judgment. He should, therefore,
'in the few obserVations he had to make, endeavour to take a
middle course ; on the one hand disclaiming all favour, and on
the other merely submitting the authorities upon which he re-
spectfully but confidently advanced her Majesty's claims.—
The ceremony of the Coronation of the Kings and Queens ,of
England was to be viewed in various lights. It was a solemn
compact between the King and his people; it was a religious pro-
mise frOm the King to his God. [Toon that part of the solemnity
which might be considered as. purely ceremonious,he shouldoffer
nothing.which might be considered disrespectful, and he confi-
dently affirmed that nothing of that nature had ever fallen from
him an any other place. This august solemnity he thought was
likely to engage future recollections in the minds of tie peo-
ple; and there was much in these which contributed to bind
the people more closely in attachment to their ancient Institu-
tions. As the compact in question referred to the whole Peo-
ple, every man felt an individual dignity in the consciousness
of his share of the engagement. From advantages of this na-
ture it was a misfortune to deprived; and he had observed,
that an American traveller of celebrity, in remarking upon the
advantages which, in his opinion, attended the American form
of Government, had not failed to observe the defect which re-
sulted from the absence of that degree of , solemnity in their In-
stitutions, which at once created respect for the Government,
tend confidence in the execution of its functions. The import-
ance of this solemnity had not been overlooked by the extraa
ordinary individual whose death had been so recently announc-
ed, and whose life was the theme of anneral conversation. Al-
though he had acquired fame by the most illustrious efforts in
war, he thought he could not but act wisely in securing his
power by the performance of a solemnity essential to the very
character of monarchical Government. - The Learned Gen-
tleman then proceeded to argue in favour of his Majesty's
claims, placing the weight of lila argument upon Custom; upon
which the Coronation itself was chiefly. /onside& Custom, he
observed, was die basis of the Common Law ; by syhfeli alone
many of the highest crimes were punishable, and by which
property was secured and transferred. This custom was clearly
in favour of the Coronation of a Queen Consort, and it there-
fore became a perscriptive right. He admitted there were in-
stances of a departure from this custom ; but in each of those
instances there were intrinsic circumstances to account for that
departure. If these .instances were satisfactorily explained,
the right was not only left untouched, but became strengthened
by the explanation. The first authority to which he should re-
fer was that of the great and learned Sodden, who had consi-
dered this subject of importance enough to be worthy the exer-
cise of his extraordinary taints. The Learned Gentleman here
referred to the second edition of " Selden's Titles of Honour,"
page 172, in which the Coronation of the Empress Queen is
described with a minuteness which the Learned Counsel con-
tended led to a fair inference that the Coronation of the Queen
was a matter of' necessity ; and referring to a similar account of
the Coronation of the French Queen, collected from the Ritual,
he submitted that it led to a similar inference. A case, how-
ever, was mentioned of a Saxon Queen who was debarred the
right of Coronation for misconduct, and it was said her enor-
mity was so great, that she had actually rendered the name of
Queen unpopular and odius. The consequence, it is stated,
was, that some of her successors were deprived of this right.—
The depriving practice, however, grew obsolete ; as was shewn
by all the authorities of cases since the Conquest. Now, when
it was found that the learned Selden had applied himself care-
fully and minutely to this subject, was it not, he asked, astrong
authority in favour of the claim, that he had not said a word
in contravention of the right of the Queen Consort, whose
privileges he had so carefitlly described ? Was it not a fair
conclusion that, as he had not described the right as being in-
herent in the Crown, the right was in the Queen herself ! He
submitted the conclusion was irresistible. He should now pro-
ceed to shew the custom or usage as it prevailed almost without
interruption since the Conquest ; first touching upon the prin-
ciple which he conceived governed the custom. The principle
was, that the mother of the future Kings might be legally and
constitutionally pointed out, lest disputes might arise with re-
spect to the succession. On this part of the subjectbe might,
without offence, refer to the early habits of princes to spew the
necessity of this certainty. In ancient times, princes and prin-
cesses were betrothed at an early age ; and a power remained to
both parties at a mature age to dissent from the contract. The
frequency of dispensation from the See of Rome must also have
! led to much difficulty upon points of succession ; and all these
subjects naturally suggested the propriety of certainty in this
respect. The case which he thought it necessary to notice chiefly
was that of the first wife of King John, who certainly was- not
crowned. The unfavourable appearance which this circum-
stance-presented at the first view against her Majesty's claim,
was .removed by a reference to Matthew Paris, the- historian.
From him it appeared that the Archbishop who crowned John,
declared the marriage to be mill, on the ground of con-
sanguinity... This clearly accounted for the omission of the
custom. The case of the wife of George the First was so clearly
distinguishable from the principle, that he scarcely thought
it necessary to notice it. She had been divorced before the
accession of her husband to the Throne. Had George the
'First - married again with any Princess .of the Continent,
there could be no doubt her relatives Would have insisted on.
her Coronation, in order that all question on the subject might
be _removed. The great body of authority was in favour of the
right, with the exception of -the cases he hid mentioned, and
that of Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, to which
he should refer in the course of his argument. If the case of
the wife of John were pressed against the present claim, it
would be answered by the fact he had cited from Matthew Paris ;
but there was another circumstance which rendered this part of
the argument conclusive, and put the case of John's Queen alto-
gether out of the question. It was this. John was mania I
again, and his second wife was 'crowned—a circumstance I er.
fectly'consistent with the present claim, and with the fact rinn-
tioned by
.Paris, that the first marriage was very doubtful.- It
was not nis desire to allude to rumours ; but certain it was
that rumours had gone abroad respecting a supposed private
marriage in the present case; and by a partial analogy to the
case of John, it might probably be thought proper, even on the
ground of expediency, to have her Majesty crowned, in order
to put an end to such rumours. To return, however, to the ar-
gument arising out of the custom. From the time of the Conn
quest there were twenty-seven instances of the Coronation of
English Queens; and down to the time of Henry the Eighth the
custom Was unbroken, with the exception he had already men-
tioned. These Queens, were those of William the Conqueror,

William Rufus, Henry the First, Stephen, Henry the Second,
Richard the First; (the case of John's Queen he had already
exanain,ed) Henry the Third, Edward the First and downwards;
as regarded all the married Kings down to Henry the Eighth.
'The Queens ofall these Kings had been crowned either with or
after their husbands. He touched upon the case of Ileary the
Eighth with .some reluctance, as it was not a desirable precedent
in looking at the conduct of husbands towards their wives.
however be conceded nothing which might be contended from
this preceeset. The strongest observation to be made upon it
arose out of the unsettled state of the Church. Whether Eng-
land had a Church, or whether she was under the ecclesiastical
dominion of the See of Rome, were casuistical points which no
man dared to discuss but at the hazard, and often the for-
feiture, of his life. Besides three of the four wives whom
he took after he had beheaded Anna Boleyn were his subjects
before marriage, and it was not likely that they .would be dis-
posed to press a right they had acquired by the condescension
of their husband. The fourth (Anne of Cleves) was his wife
for a very short time, and was exceedingly -glad to get • rid of
that eke; she lived in retirement, and was called .and de-
meaned herself as Henry's sister. He now came to the case of
Henrietta Marie, the Queen of Charles the First. It was a
very strong circumstance in favour of the right that the pro-
clamation for the ceremony included the Queen ; but, she was
a Catholic; she was in other respects unpopailar, and it was
generally understood that frOm respect to her husband she
waived her right: The peculiar unhappiness of her present
Majesty was, that she could not waive the right without eapos-
ing herself to imputations which were falsified by every act of
her life. He believed that all the instances of waives were to be
traced to that attention which it is the duty of a wife to pay to
the wishes of her husband in all cases not affecting her own ho-
nour ; and the general performance of which duty was so honour-
able to the female sex. The Learned Gentleman here entered
in to an examination of the legal meaning of the word " Custom." ,
The Law, as generaily spoken of, consisted of the Common Law, !'
the Statute Law, and the Law of particular Custoins ; the last i
being in fact a branch of. the first. Whether the present was a
peculiar right, or a general custom, was perfectly immaterial,
as the usage was a proof of its existence. He really thought
that to submit a clearer case was impossible, and that he was un-
intentionally led to some repetition. In matters of rark and pre- •
cedence the King was almost omnipotent, but the King, never-
theless, must be - guided by custom as a part of the Law. In
this respect the King could neither create nor take away a
right; but independent of custom, the Coronation was a so-
lemn compact sealed by the obligation of an oath. A part of
that oath. was.the administering of justice; and would it be
said that the King should violate his oath on the very occasion
of his taking it ; and that too with respect to the first of his
'subjects ? Suppose the King Were to ineke an order for the
exclusion of all the Peers whose 'attendance was essential—
would not this destroy the force of a ceremony which, deriving
its weight from custom, would in this case be a departure frcro
it ? This, however, was a religious ceremony. Neither the Earl
Marshal nor the Lord High Constable could be excluded ; and
yet lie submitted that these were comparatively only ornamental
persons. The ceremony was attended by the receiving of the sa-
crament, and nothing should be done which could remove from
the King those feelings of humility which ought to possess him
on the performance of so sacred a duty. He was quite sure their
Lordships would feel much relieved if they could come to a
decision, which might relieve them from the possibility of a
Suspicion that their feelings had influenced their judgment._.
Nothin ' a that-he had been able to collect in his researches on the
subject had brought him to suppose that this was a favour, and
not a right. There was a degree of rank attendant upon all •
persons whe'assisted at the performance of the ceremony ; and i
it might not be generally known, that every person so assisting
was entitled as of, right to the rank of Esquire as long as he
lived. It was, therefore, highly necessary for those who dis-
puted the right to' -shew some authority from which it might
be collected, that this- was a favour, or a proof of conjua
gal affection. He thought that when his late Majesty signed
the contract, by which. her. Majesty became the Princess of
Wales, it implied that when Ilea, husband succeeded to the
Throne, she was to be Crowned.' SheladalmWever, no relatives,
and there was no foreign Court to support her rights ; but be
was sure that the Assembly lie was addressing had too much
English feelings in their bosoms, not to consider her right with
the same attention as' if it were seconded by those advantages.
Would to God that she were in a condition either to ask the fa-
your, or to give up the right ! But her peculiar situation pre-
cluded
both ; and she maintained her right, borne out as it was
by the custom of the country : a custom which 'protected dig-
nity as well as property, and the violation of which would II
enfeeble the security of both.
.Why did we. submit to a
Kingly Government? Because it was the custom from time im-
memorial to do so., The custom therefore must be taken with all
its incidents and all its inconveniencies. Why did Jurymen, in
many cases of the highest Crime, sit in judgment on the lives of
their fellow-subjects ?—Because the law, founded on custom,
gave them a right to do so. Upon what authority did the House
of Peers sit as a Court of Law ?—Upon that of custom. Why
did the Commons sit in Padtarnent ?---Because it was a custom
to assemble them for that purpose by the King's Writ. Custom
hadhnade not oily the Law itself, but the makers of the
Law; for it was custom shine which enabled, the three
Estates of King, Lords, and Commons, to make Laws -for the
GovernMent of the Country. Remade these remarks not to de-
rogate from, but to add- to the dignity of the Crown ;, for its
dignity -would be violated by a departure from that custom on
which its dignity in some measure depended. It was impossi-
ble to take the benefit and reject the condition; to take the prin-
ciple and reject the accessary. Allegiance itself, the comple-
tion of winch was intended by the ceremony, would be weak-
ened by a violation of the established custom. The present
Claim was advanced as a right on the authority of that custom;
and if it was no right, it was not asked as a grace or favour. If
the right of any individual were inaaded,thatright existing upon
legal custom, the property-of no man in the country would be
safe. In defence of that customary law, the Queen stood before
their Lordships for herself, her successors, and the people of
England, in defence of rights which could not be withheld with-
out injustice to all. He contended, that a case had been laid
before their Lordships, which, in a Court of Law, it Would be
impossible for any ability to get over. By -analogy to • any
Zither right founded upon custom, this would be seen in a
moment. In the case of a right'of way, for instance, enjoy-
ment so long uninterrupted would-establish the right, 'and the
slight interruption, being satisfactorily explained, would confirm
rather than weaken it. He really did not wish to go over the
exceptions ; but he could not refrain from again reminding their
Lordships that the case of the Queen and George I. mast be put
out of view. Upon the whole, he really saw but one decision
to which he thought their Lordships could come ; and that was
favourable to his Illustrious Client. The right, he repeated,
was claimed on the custom which being part of the law the
Barons in the reign of Henry the Third had declared should not
be Changed ; and still less could they be changed in part, and
retained for the remainder, as it was proposed to do, by exclud-
ing her Majesty. He should have troubled their Lordships
with smite observations on the ceremony of the Coronation ;
but he declined doing so, after the able manner in which the
subject had been discussed by his Learned Friend; and lie was
unwilling to go over ground already so often touched. The
case he submitted was clearly established on all the grounds
which had been taken for its support; and he left it with
the fullest satisfaction- for their Lordships' judgment. The
claim was put forth by, her Majesty in self-defence;_ • be-
cause she could not forego it without sacrificing her honour,
dearer to her than life itself. Had she been content to pur_
chase tranquillity with the loss of that honour she might have
done so ; but she refused, with that magnanimity so peculiar to
her character. He rested her case with confidence in the
hands of their Lordships. Her Majesty looked forward to
their decision with equal confidence, and without suspicion ;
and she would in any event meet their, judgment with perfect
resignation.

The Court was tberi adjourned until to-morrow, (this day),
it being first understood that in the interim, her Majesty's
Couns) w2re to be furnished with Copies ~of certain Records,
the inspection of whiCh they considered necessary.

CARMARTHEN, JULY 4.--STATE OF THE POLL,
9TH DAY.—JOHN JONEs, Eig. 300 ; Sir WM.
PAXTON, 273 ; majority for Mr. JONES, 27. The
poll, even for the last eight days, it is expected,
will close this day, and Mr. JONES returned.

FAIRLOP FAIR.-Yesterday being the first
Friday in July, and the day on which Fairlop
Fair, on Epping Forest, is kept, at an early hour
every preparation, was made, by John Bull and
his family, to enjoy it. The line of march was
crowded with every description of
_vehicle, from
the pea.rcaft to the barouche and four. A num-
ber of furniture caravans had a very pleasing ap-
pearance, being literally moving groves, in.which
were a number of well-dressed persons of both
sexes, accompanied with music, . From the
judicious arrangements made by. the Lord of the.
Manor (Sir EDWARD IliasE,) in conjunction
with the Magistracy of the County, it.was ex-
pected
that the rural fete would terminate with-
out.any of those unpleasant circumstances:which
have lately atteudedfairs flear.town. ' .