The Sun.
London, England, 1844-07-12 00:00:00

TERMS.

CURRENT ACCOUNTS.—Parties keeping current or drawing ac-
counts will be credited on the first day of every month with a month's
interest, at the rate of two per cent. per annum, on the smallest
balance at the' credit of their account at the close of business on any
day during the past month, provided that such balance shall not be
less than £lOO. The total amount of interest will be passed to ac-
count every six months.

DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS.—The rate of interest at present allowed on
money placed on deposit, at ten day's notice, is 21 per cent. Sums
under £l5O may be withdrawn without notice. Receipts for the sums
so deposited will be granted to the parties, or, for the convenience of
depositors going abroad, Bills or Promissory Notes, at not less than
six months' date, including interest. till maturity, will be issued.
Sums of 1,0091. and upwards will be received on such terms as may
be agreed upon.

GENERAL BUSINESS.
The Agency of Country and Foreign Banks, whether Joint-stock or
Private.

Circular Notes and Letters of Credit issued for all parts of the con-
tinent of Europe and elsewhere.
Purchases and Sales effected in all the British and Foreign Stocks
said Seceritics, and the Dividends received without charge.
W. W. SCBI3IG.EOLTR, General Manager.

›. E.,.
Banes Beans is Pretniam. 0
a g added. Cash. a =0
ao4
, IEI- •8 a
£ £a. d 4 X s. d. £s. d. a. d. £ a. ds
11837'170 9 3 77 5 1 12 3 9 346 2 3
60 1000 74 3 4 1838'144 2 2 64 5 6 9 16 4 296 13 4
.1839,116 16 0 51 511 711 9 247 4
The division of profits is =anal, and the next will be made in De-
cember of the present year.
This institution offers many important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both t• Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.

The a
cember
This
tages
The asst
pense or
(see tab;
of his ins
for to-

Institution offers many important and substantial advan-
•ith respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
Lired has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without ex-
• forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid,
le) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
terests to meet other conveniences or Necessity. Assurances
a of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FDRGUSON CAMROUX, Sec.

DISEASED AND HEALTHY LIVES

ASSURED.

MEDICAL, INVALID, and GENERAL LIFE
OFFICE, 25, PALL-MALL, LONDON.

TRUSTEES.
Charles Hopkinson, Esq., Regent-street.
Sir Thomas Phillips, Temple.
Alfred Waddilove, D.C.L., Doctors' Commons.
DIRECTORS.

Edward Doubleday, Esq., 249, C. Richardson, Esq., 19, Bru-
Great Surrey-street. ton street, Berkeley.square.
George Gun Hay, Esq., 127, Thomas Stevenson,Esq.,F.S. A.,
Sloane street. 37, Upper Grosvenor-street.
J. Parkinson, Esq., F.R.S., 80, Robert. Bentley Todd, M.D.,
Cambridge.terrace, Hyde.patk. F.R.S., 26,Parliament.street.
Benjamin Phillips, Esq., F.R.S., Alfred Waddilove, D.C.L.,
17, Wimpole.street. I Doctors' Commons.
AUDITORS.

John Pursord, Esq., 7, Yerk. I
J. Stirling Taylor, Esq ,
terrace, Regent's-park. 14, Upper Gloucester-place,
Joseph Radford, Esq., 27, I Dorset-square.
Cambridge-terrace, Hyde. Martial L. Welch, Esq.. Wynd-
park. I ham.place Bryanston.square.
STANDING COUNSEL—John Shapter, Esq., Lincoln's Inn.
BANKERS—Messrs. C.Hopkinson and Co., Regent-street.

SOLICITORS—Messrs. Richardson and Smith, 2S, Golden square.
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SransTics—William Farr, Esq.,
General Register Office.
ACTUARY—F. 0. P. Neison, Esq.

This Office is provided with very accurately constructed tables,
by which it can assure unsound lives on equitable terms.
Similar tables enable the Society to grant increased annuities on
unsound lives, the amount varying with the particular disease.
Members of consumptive families assured at equitable rates.
Healthy lives are assured on lower terms than at most ether
offices.

The first Life Assutance Society commenced business in 1705,
and the principles of life contingencies, understood at that time to
a very limited extent only, have repeatedly undergone important
changes and improvements; but till the establishment of this So.
ciety in 1841 no attempt had ever been made to assure the lives of
persons who suffer from disease.

The ecience of statistics has only within a recent period been
successfully applied to the duration and mortality of disease, and
hence tables on the probability of these results could not have been
formed ; and it would evidently have been unsafe and hazardous
for any society to have undertaken the risk of assuring the lives of
persons afflicted with any particular malady. The statistical in-
formation, however, now collected, and in possession of this office,
is of so great an extent as fully to warrant the extension of life
assurance to such cases, and, in fact, to place the application of life
assurance on diseased lives on a mere secure basis than even that
on healthy lives.

It is hoped that while kept clearly in view that this Society, in
common with other offices, will assure the lives of healthy persons,
it is as yet the only one established to assure the lives of persons
labouring under disease ; and to this latter feature particular atten-
tion is directed.

In the first place, because it opens a larger field for business than
all other offices can have unitedly; and in the
Second place, because that branch of assurance must, from its
own nature, be less hazardous, and its principles rest on a more
permanent foundation.
These are two highly important facts, and we shall enter into an
explanation of each ; and first, as to the prevalence of disease.
The period of life most important to an assurance office is that be-
tween 15-60 years of age, and in the fallowing remarks we refer
exclusively to this period of life.
It will be found that the deaths in the metropolis for the two
years preceding 1842 were, from all causes, 30,518 ; and from
consumption alone, 10,688 ; showing that mere than one-third of
the total deaths in that period of life takes place from the preva-
lence of a single disease ; and If the same inquiry were instituted
with respect to other disease?, such as asthma, dropsy, diseases of
the head, heart, Erc., it would be found that more than one-half
of the whole population would, on medical examination, be refused
admission into an assurance office. If the inquiry be carried to
the principal towns in England, like facts are elicited—ln Bir-
mingham, Liverpool and Manchester, the deaths from all causes,
per annum, are about 5,023, while those from consumption are
1,988, forming considerably more than one-third of the whole. The
same thing will be found to hold good in the large towns In Scot-
land, in six of which the deaths in a given period, from all causes,
amounted to 23,078, those from consumption alone to 6,359, and
from six important diseases, 9,754; in the latter case forming more
than 42 per cent. of the deaths from all causes. On reference to
the returns from the city of Glasgow for 1836-1840 It will be
found that the deaths in that period, from all causes, were 14,107,
from consumption 4,087, and a list of five diseases, 6,423, being
more than 45 per cent. of the deaths from all causes.

The d;seases here alluded to arc such as exist in general in a
chronic form, frequently for many years prior to death, but which,
on a strict medical examination, would effectually exclude the
persons so affected from the benefits of life assurance ; and since
it thus appears that a majority of the population is included in this
class, the value and importance of the new feature of this society
cannot fail to be justly appreciated.
The second point to be explained is the fact that there is
much less risk in assuring diseased lives. This is a feature of
paramount and vital importance to the interests of this society, and
deserves to be carefully considered.
The real risk incurred in all assurance transactions consists in
the chance to which an office is liable of experiencing a different
degree of mortality from that expected by the tabjes on which its
caculations are founded. This difference is termed the fluctuation
of mortality, and will be found to be much less among diseased
lives than over the general population, and among selected lives.
The deaths from consumption in the metropolis per annum are
sufficiently near the annual number which takes place in Glasgow,
from all causes, to admit of a comp;rison, and by reducing the
matter to figures it is found that while the fluctuation per annum
in the latter case is as high as 45 per cent., in the former it is only
9 per cent., or, in other words, the fluctuation of mortality in
consumption was only one-fifth of the other; and in Manchester,
Liverpool, and Birmingham, even with the disadvantage of
smaller numbers, the fluctuation does not exceed 3 per cent.,
showing a remarkable uniformity in the law which determines the
mortality of this disease, and that it is more positive and absolute
in its results than that which regulates the general population.
Consumption has here been selected, not because it was consi-
dered more favourable in its results, but simply on account of the
larger numbers affording a more satisfactory proof of the question
under consideration; but the same test has been applied to a great
number of other diseases, and like results obtained. Among nine
diseases in the metropolis, including asthma, dropsy, rheumatism,
disease of the liver, of the heart, of the nervous system, &c., the
fluctuation was only 7i per cent., and in five diseases in a different
district the fluctuation was about 7 per cent., while among eleven
in another locality, and even with small numbers, the fluctuation
did not exceed 6.2 per cent.; and taking the principal towns in
England, including Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Leeds,
Sheffield, &c., the fluctuation over eleven of the more important
diseases was 6,1 per cent.

The remarkable uniformity in these results cannot fail to pro.
duce a conviction of the positive character of the law of mortality
in disease; indeed, there seers to be nothing within the whole
range of the doctrine of probabilities so well defined as the mor-
tality of diseased lives. The mortality of the general population
has frequently been referred to by writers as an example of the cer-
tainty of common e►ents, but the preceding remarks must show with
how much greater certainty the mortality of diseased lives can be
depended on.
It is perhaps right to state, that, in applying the test of
fluctuation to disease, it has not been confined to one place or
class of lives, but has been extended to the principal towns in
England and Scotland, as well as t• many rural districts in Eng-
land, and included the experience ea one or two large societies of
select lives. This has afforded an opportunity of judging of the
effects of locality and its sanatory condition on the duraticn of
life, and a remarkable fact has thus been developed, ♦iz.,
that the value of life generally is much greater in the coun-
try districts than in large cities; but that of those persons
who suffer from disease the value of life is nearly the same. As
an example of this—the expectation at the age of 30 in the country
districts is 36.7 years; in cities (viz., Glasgow) 27.6 years—diffe.
rence 33 per cent. nearly; but take the case of persons of that
age in whom the consumptive tendency is developed, and who will
ultimately die of consumption, and their expectation of life in the
counties of Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, will be found to be 14'5,
in cities (Glasgow) 14'4, and in the metropolis, Manchester, Bir-
mingham, 13'9 ; difference 'Ol7 per cent. (or 1.57 per cent.) It
therefore appears that while the difference between country and
town life in the former case is about 33 per cent., that in the latter
instance (consumption) the difference is almost nothing, and the
results nearly uniform. The same thing holds good with some
other diseases, which have been investigated in this manner. This
fact, although not generally understood, is only what might have
been expected by a careful consideration of the conclusion formerly
arrived at—that the fluctuation of the law of mortality in disease
is confined within a very narrow limit, and consequently little in.
financed by external circumstances.
It hence appears that the fluctuation in the mortality of diseased
lives is much less than among select lives and the population gene-
rally, and therefore the risk of assuring diseased lives must also be
less.

To apply this conelusion to the affairs of an assurance eftice, it
may be stated, that supposing the number of lives in a society,
taking only select lives, was such that the table of mortality would
indicate 100 deaths per annum, it would be necessary to have
always sufficient funds at immediate command to meet 145 deaths;
on the ether hand, an office assuring only diseased lives need not
provide for more than 109 deaths per annum; that is to say, the
risk of assuring diseased lives is to that of average lives as 9 to 45,
or only one.fifth. This fact is highly important to the interests of
this Society, and establishes beyond doubt the safety and correctness
of the principles on which it is founded.
For further information, reference is made to the prospectuses
and other published decumnts of the Society, which may be ob.
tamed ou applioation at the Society's offices.

P. G. P. ItTEISON, Actuary.

D AKIN and CO., No. 1, St. PAUL'S CHURCH-
YARD.
To the Inhabitants of the Metropolis, the Noblemen, Gentlemen,
and Families throughout the United Kingdom.
TEAS.

On the 22d of June, 1844, we OPENED the extensive PRE-
MISES, No. 1, St. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD, for the purpose
of SELLING TEAS, COFFEES, SPICES, Sm.
On occasion of our doing so, we are anxious that the advantages
we hold out, and the system generally on which our business will
understood; and we will convince you,
conducted,bneotby
specious
l but by truth stamping our assertions,
and our assertions being borne out by our actions, that It is the
arguments,
be clearly
interest of all who want good and pure teas to purchase from us.
We will first establish the fact that we will sell none but good
teas; secondly, we will pledge ourselves to keep none but pure
teas ; and thirdly, the prices of our teas shall be on a scale of libe-
rality hitherto unequalled.

Firstly, then, "we will sell none but good teas." 'We have
capital to purchase good teas—we have been long celebrated for
our ability in discriminating good teas—we have an anxious de.
sire to select good teas—we have an inflexible determination to
supply good teas—and we have, beyond all these powerful motives,
our best interests to consult in selling good teas.
Secondly, " we will pledge ourselves to keep none but pure teas,"
and we would particularly desire attention to this fact, the vast im-
portance of which our subseqiient remarks will show.
We would refer you to our opening circular, for a statistical
account of Three Millions Four Hundred and Seventeen Thousand
Nine Hundred and Fifty Pounds of trash, dignified by the name
of " Tea," that has been purchased at the Tea Auctions in
Mincing-lane, at the average rate of Three-pence Halfpenny per
Pound (duty excluded), and after passing through various hands,
has at length reached the canisters of the retailer, and finally
the teapot of the consumer.
To stay this gigantic evil and to protect you from this long.
hidden grievance shall be our study, and with your co-operation,
Will be our privilege.
Our position in the market enables us at once to possess our-
selves of the best teas imported; and we fearlessly assert that the
prices of our teas, coupled with the excellence of their quality,
shall be on a scale of liberality hitherto unequalled.
We bring to our undertaking proved experience, discriminating
judgment, and inflexibility of resolve. With integrity toi uphold
us, we pledge ourselves, by well directed energy, untiring industry,
and unvarying courtesy, to merit the patronage we now solicit.
BLACK TEAS PER POUND.
No. 1, ss. 2.d. A particularly agreeable Tea, replete with goodness.
No. '2, 45. 6d. This is an old-fashioned fine Tea, such as the East
India Company used to bring over.
No. 3,4 s. Pd. A matured Tea, with plenty of strength and good

flavour. .
No. 4,3 s. 6d. A n acceptable Tea to the Public in general.
GREEN TEAS PER POUND.
No. 1,7 s. Od. This is in the highest perfection both for strength
and richness of flavour.
No. 2,6 s. Od. A very desirable Green Tea, and will be greatly
approved of.'
No. 3, ss. Od. This is a good Hyson Tea.
No. 4,4 s. 6id. This Tea will give satisfaction.
We have lower priced Teas, but the above are what we can re.
commend.

Forty to Fifty Chests of different sorts of fine and rare Teas will
be always open for inspection in the Upper Rotunda, where ladies
and the heads of large establishments may make their selections,
and give their orders apart from the ordinary bustle attendant on
business.

LAMEST ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, ANA ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c.
" He who ih pleasure's downy arms
Ne'er lost his health or Touthfu lcharms,
A hero lives, and justly can
Exclaim, in me behold a man !"
JusCpublished (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price 2s. 6d.,
or sent by post, free, to any address; 3s. 6d.,
QELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on
those concealed disorders originating in youthful excesses,
and terminating In Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, and all those Sinkings, Anxieties, and Tremors, which
afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Restoration.
By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon
9, BEDFORD-STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of
Apothecary's Hall, London,&c.
" The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent privileges of mankind, are frequently marred and prevented
through the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
among others, this Essay addresses itself ; and by its perusal many
questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even
to the most confidential friend."—Staford Gazette.

" The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from Its title,
artd we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are
suffering from nervous debility and general weakness."— Wakefield
Journal.

Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
52, Paternoster-row; Starie, 23, Tichborne-street, Quadrant, Regent
street ; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street ; Noble, 114, Chancery-
lane; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; and by all Booksellers.
At home every day till Three, and from Five till Ei ht.