The Sun.
London, England, 1826-01-03 00:00:00

DE PItADT'S CONGRES DE PANAMA.

(Contitutedfrom the S'isr of Friday WO

". Le genre humain. est en merche, et rien tie Ic fernetro.
' Wader."
•
prognossive extension of Russia has long
been viewed by politicians with gloomy forebod-
ings as to the future safety and IndepentlenCe of
'Kurope. None have contemplated this subject
with more apparent 'conviction than Napoleon,
who even assumed it as an apology for his inva-
sion of that Power, end asserted that his prement
subjugatimi of the North might perhaps put back
the evil day for a century, although he foresaw
its inevitable occurrence at some future period.
M, tie Plt/DT seems equally satisfied on this
point, as lie. does not endeavour to establish the
position, but alludes to it as a Burt of self-evident
and acknowledged fact :
" Spain is completely neutralized as to the policy of Europe :
she is no longer a living member of the European system : the
latter cannot fail to suffer from the defection of a supporter
who might have filled an important place. Europe to Ito con-
stituted, that in her defensive system Against Busses, (4 enneny
forms the carps de dataille, France the reserve, the Netherlands
the left wing of this reserve, Spain the right wing, and England
is the Treasurer of this Protecting Federation. The place of
Spain is at present empty, she, bate as it were, deserted Europe,
and the latter is enfeebled by this defectiou, which is partly
produced by the war Against America, in which Spain obsti-
nately persists, contrary to all reason.
" Should the war continue, the Congress of Panama ought
to form and cement in the moat' solemn manner, a perpetual
league between all the New States of America. Slliat can
Spain effect against a coalition united by all interest so power-
ful and soereneral ? She was unable to resist each separate
State, and she would oppose the conshinett eflOrt of their
great body, of wl•ich no internal obstacle will obstruct the dee
velopement, strong •in its, successes, its experience, and its
instruction ! But would not the greatest hiss to Spain be in
her exclusion from a participation In the advantages which
America will iffer to all those who cultivate commercial tele-
tions with her ? By her mad . oppoeitiote, Spain exposes her-
self to be deprived of them, if slot for ever, at least for it long
time ; and it is very evident, that America alone, by her corn-
theme. might become the healer of the miseries of Spain, and •,
pour new bloods ruin title emaciated body. For seveneand-
twenty years, I cry to Spain as to the rest of Europe—you
have but one line of conduct to pursue with respect to-Ame-
. rice : as to her, leave politice, properly so tidied, out of the
question, and think only of the profits of her coin erce
you abuse yourselves unceasingly in 'regard. to America.—
Pursuing your old ideas, and your routine, you , absolutely •
wish to malice America a field of political speculations, and, in
point of fact, she is only afield for commercial speculation. On
this subject a general mistake preVails, 'and one of a most in-
jorious deacription ; it is such 'errors as this which spoil an en.
tire system, and the consequences of which are felt so long
afterwards. America is unconnected with every sort of politics,
for or against Europe ; on the other himde she enters most pro.
fousdly into her intertste as 'to fortune and • riches, and dime
are the soul and sinews,nf poliey. The distance which divides
America and Europe being so great as to render it difficult for
them to attack each other; the richer party has an immense ad-
vantage over the poorer needs no arms against her, it is
sufficient for her (the richer) to open or shut herself up for or
against her poorer an tegonist ; this is the true curb to be put
on the hostilities of which -'sire may become the object. I.et us
suppose America elixsatisliedavith England ; . would she have
any occasion to item herself:and have recourse to positive force ?
assuredly not; it would be enough for her to suspend her
trade; England is not in a position to auppart this sus-
pension ; on: all sides of the Brit;sh empire would rise a
oowerful voice demanding'that the wrong should be re-
'dressed' which had caused this interdict; America would
speak lii the assemblies •of Westminster, and would drown
the voices which might be raised .against her. By a simple
negation America is snore powerful against Europe, than
Europe with rill her forces would he ngalnttt her ; this is an
elementary ; which cannot be too strongly insisted upon, and
which I am desirous to impress on all, for the common advan-
tage of all. Apply this theory to, Spain, and see to what she
exposes herself by voluntarily incurring the anathema of com-
mercial exclusion with which .America may strike her . .
Spain exposes herself to this punishment
by the continuance of the war, and, already extremely poor, she
from wantosiness'of heart, provokes what will complete her min.
This emery is so little advanced with respect to her habitual
councils, that the most simple ideal have not yet been able to
penetrete them, and they are still dreaming of grandeur,
power, and policy, in the way that might have suited the age
of Clutriee v." • .

As to the right of Spain lo the possession of
her fortify!' ecilonies, 1110 writer observes
contest the t;ghts .of America, it would be necessary
to begin by extithlislong that'her first conquest was legitimate,
that America was tTeated for eipain, and that nations, without
any ether riglits than those of 'levying, •require none from ex-
cessive end irremediable suflaing In 'the causes which produce
it. The natural consequence of this system ii, to divide the
world into irresponsible masters aid slaves without hope.
Panama will not, assuredly, be an cello of- Laybach, and will
ant with it nay it &imp to Princes alone to modify in-
stitutions by spontaneous acts of their will, and that they ogre
nu account but to God. It the powers prevailing in Europe have
' found their principles in, the interests of their position, America
will also seek fleet, there, and will maintain them by her power,
•as the European powers maintain their supremacy by their
force; each 'hun the serve right, end applies it according to his.
situation. 'ln 'Europe, they any what they like—when they can;
• why enfold they "not do the satne•in America ?
If it were permitted for an instant to lend thoughts and
word. to America,—if there were not too touch presumption in
serving' her momentarily as an interpreter, one would say: all
the policy of America toward Europe is reduced to these words:
‘• liftmen all to the banquet which I prepare for you; whoever
shall bring to it a friendly heart, shall partake of this feast;
whoever shall nourish hostile dispositions shall he excluded ; I.
have nothing to fear, nor to desire ;• but I know my own worth,
I will open or shut my bosom, accordingly as you arc well or
ill disposed towards the ; take your.choice. I reward or punish
by opening or Ain tting my gates, end my most powerful weapon
is a simpler negation." .
With regard to the Colonial System, and the •
inevitable Emancipation of all Colonies when a
rived at maturity, ril. De PltotrYr observes—
" Europe has nothing to lose by this disposition, and she
has no greater interest than to encourage the prosperity of her
ancient colonies, that is, by giving them up to theniselves,
twin to find them again more fruitful in thie state of liberty;
as England finds the United States, as all Europe will find
South America. The old Colonial theory is destroyed by facts,
convinced of the impossibility of -maintaming itself, by expo.
rience, and called upon to give way to new methods, by the
common effort of all the civilization of the globe. England no
longer defends the system but in the half of the Antilles and in
India; some time longer and her colonies will be um open as
are the three Kingdoms. Such is the natural march of things,
the honour belongs to him who is the first to recognize.it, to
proclaim it, and- to apply it; anti this , honour will belong to
America. •

" The chief attribute of the Arneritan State* will be maxi.
time and commercial Mout.; the greater part of the American
population will be established upon a row of Ans. Monsand
miles in extent, and upon the hanks (Wilms(' innumerable rivers,
which water America in all directions—immense cities will be
formed at the mouths of the great rivers. Titus New York,
New Order's:a, and Buenos Ayres, are destined to become in:.mecca centres of population. To convince ourselves of this,
one need only follow in thelnap the oursce of the rivers, and
the of luents which swell then: out, of which these cities Occupy
the mouths. The maritime cities which have not long courses
of water, as well as the continental cities, will never equal them:
thus, Linta and Rio Janeiro, although favoured by the pre.
sence of a great government, and.by the sea,—thus Sank Fe
dc Bogota, although the centre of a powerful government—will
never equal the cities first named, to which the excellencies of
their position assign advantages that nothing can compensate.
It is thus, that Paris, with its modest stream and its meagre
affluents, will never equal Loudon, whatever inequality there
may otherwise be between the countries of which these two
cities arc the capitals In America, the Western More will
ever be frOrior to the Eastern, for the reason just assigned ; it
will consequently be much lcsi maritime
N. de Pradt considers successively the several
important topics which must form the subjects of
discussion and arrangement at the Congress of
Panama ; such as—the exact definition of the
maritime and commercial taw of nations—the re.
lations of South America with the Court of Rome
—the permanent military establishment—the