The Sun.
London, England, 1844-12-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNING,. DECEMBER 10, 1844,

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. extent. They think, moreover; that men pursuing a
FROSI THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY. common end must pursue that end by the same means.
GLOBE.—In looking back over the multifarious A very short experience, however, of public affairs, and
records of last session's legislation, the bulky blue more particularly in a complicated state of society,
book of evidence on " Commons Inclosure," the result I un leceives them in one or more of these respects.
of the labours of the Committee which sat, on the It is always, however, easier to self-love to
withdrawal of Lord Worsley's Inclosure Bill, contains conclude that others are false and treacherous
several matters worthy of attention. The first reflec- than that we have duped ourselves ; hence the
tion it suggests is, how little pains have been taken, middle period of the lives of men occupied in tubs
till lately, to obtain accurate statistical information serving public affairs is usually clouded by the de-
respecting the most important branches of our national lesion that all men are hypocrites or " humbugs."
industry. Of late, however, something has Age and experience offer another lesson to candid
been done in this way—manufacturing distress minds—and it is both gratifying and profitable
brought on inquiries into the extent, cha- to know that the testimonies of aged public men
racter, and subdivision of the vast population en- are nearly unanimous in favour of the general
gaged in manufacturing industry. A special legisla- honesty of our species—they teach that if in early
tion for the young, and for females, was founded on youth we form too favourable an opinion of man-
another and more careful series of investigation. It kind (which is not always the case), at a later period
is now the turn of agricultural labour, propped up as we are disposed by disappointment of our hopes
• it has been by artificial laws ; a vast deal of informa- of them, sometimes from others, to judge much too
tion as to the condition of the occupier and labourer is harshly ; but it is only when men can judge with
coming out by instalments, and we do not despair of temper and fairness that their judgment is worth
seeing the information for which Mr. Cobden vainly anything. When, therefore, Mr. Ferrand,
applied, in his admirable speech last session (motion " the guiltless head with random censure
for a committee to inquire into the effects of import strikes," we appeal from himself to him.
duties on landlords and tenant-farmers), arrived self--wiser by a few of those many years
at in detail, and bit by bit. The Committee on in- which we hope he will be spared to his country.
closure reported in favour of a general Act for that Meanwhile we warn him against the flattery of
purpose, and a Central Board of Commissioners, those who have flattered, insulted, and betrayed
The bulky mass of evidence published, extending to almost every party and every public man in the
above 6,000 questions, contains much information re- country panders to all spiteful feelings —on
lative to the statistics of land, which all classes may whatever side to be indulged—who have, indeed,
refer to with advantage, whether agreeing with an interest in denouncing as " humbugs " all
or dissenting from the conclusions in ques- who are not prepared to imitate the profligate im-
tion. We shall cast a restropective glance pudence of their own habitual tergiversation. The
over a few of its leading features. The fact that flattery of such is a contamination which prudent
there exist in England and Wales large tracts of men will shun as they would the plague. This,
common which might be, as to some portion however, brings us to another subject. If there
at least, profitably cultivated, is established by a large is in England one public ' man above
body of respectable evidence ;as to its precise amount, the suspicion of hypocrisy, that man is,
we look in vain for any accurate information. Mr. assuredly, Lord Ashley—his refusal of office when
Jones's estimate of common and waste land at pressed upon him—his obscure labours for the bene-
-8,000,000 acres tells us little or nothing, since all fit of the forgotten and neglected—obscure until
witnesses admit, and indeed it is a notorious fact, that his genius and energy dragged into day the
a large portion of this would not repay the expense. sufferings of the mine and the mill. These
even of inclosure. A variety of classes of land is treated surely prove Lord Ashley sincere if ever man was
of in the evidence, from absolutely uncultivated coin- sincere, yet Lord Ashley has not escaped calumny in
,mon- to that which is in regular farm occupation, but, that quarter in which Mr. Ferrand's proposition that
from its inconvenient position, unsusceptible of the "England has become a nation of humbugs,'lsreceived
most efficient cultivation. Admitting the evidence with applause ; probably in some degree, because
given as of competent authority, there are, however, the conduct of Lord Ashley and of those who
no means of shirking the conclusion that much land firmly support him, presents a standing rebuke
remains which would repay capital laid out on it in to the slander that would charge all Englishmen
inclosure and regular cultivation. This fact was in- with hypocrisy; but, in part, also, from a recollection
deed pretty well known before; it remains to be con- of the Noble Lord's opposition to the Oxford Trac-
sidered what would be the social influence of such a tarians some years ago, when his Lordship's calum-
measure. Supposing it a desirable result, there can be niator was the organ of that party. So tenaciously
no mistake as to the inefficient nature of the present do ill habits and ill dispositions adhere, that Lord
mode of inclosure by separate Acts. The expense and Ashley continues to be insulted by the late Tree-
jobbing attending such Bills are proverbial. As Mr. tarian organ, even -after the Tractarians have been
Graham says—" A private Bill being promoted by aso • deserted and reviled by his Lordship's insulter.
licitor, the Commissioner is in most cases his nominee,
and the former is appointed clerk to that Commis-
sioner. Thus the solicitor has the whole control of
the matter. Of the expenses some precise data are
given. Mr. Hayward, a Parliamentary agent, states
the average of fees alone on five Bills passing
both Houses was 2301. When a common is in
two parishes these are doubled. The expenses of
the Llangerniew Act, 1840, amounted to 7731. Under
the Common Fields Act, parties have been put to
an expense of 51. per acre. As these charges often
exceed the value of the land in question,
it is evident that applications for inclosure
cannot be numerous under the existing laws. With
respect to the advance of value to be expected in
land thui brought under cultivation, the evidence
leads to the conclusion that it would be considerable.
Mr. Keen speaks decidedly as to what has taken
place in the neighbourhood of Godalming and Gu'.ld-
ford. Land, which before inclosure was not worth
10s. per acre now maintains a large population, and
has given employment to a vast number of labourers.
Other witnesses affirm the low moral state of
the inhabitants of uninclosed rural districts.
Chicanery, broils, and fraud, are rife ; in fact,
nearly all the social irregularities which lain
and opinion seek to correct are prevalent,
Those locally near the common use that advan-
tage to overstock, and become the practical possessors
of the land. Squatting. to borrow the colonial term,
is by no means rare. Mr. Graham says :---" The
improvident dependence of cottagers on the common
is a check on their industry, and crime is difficult of
detection." The great social question remains,
how far inclosures would diminish the pri-
vileges of the labouring classes ; and all parties
admit that extreme caution must be used in deal-
ing with their rights, and special reservations of
land set apart for this purpose in case of a general
Inclosure Act being-passed. We fear that these safe-
guards against the diminution of the poor cottagers'
rights would be more specious than real. Commis-
sioners acting for the parties interested would probably
only amount to representation of the large, and ex-
• elusion of smaller interests, though more important
relatively to the means and condition of the parties.
Are, then, these objections so great as to be impos-
sible to overcome ? and would a certain amount of eco-
nomical advantage be counterbalanced by social evils
and injustice, such as no legislature has a right to
unction ? Such is the great question suggested by the
large body of evidence submitted to the committee of
last session. It is a question that will again be brought
before our Legislature. IVe prefer leaving this matter
for fsir and dispassionate consideration, and before
returning to the subject, will for the present mention
two or three incidental topics suggested by the
volume before us. This may be considered-Ist, as
a statistical inquiry into the condition, value, and
social state of certain agricultural districts : 2dly, as
preliminary to an effort to extract more subsistence
out of the soil : and, thirdly, as evidence of a desire
to substitute more compact and central legislation
in place of the partial operation of special Acts. The
two first of these caaont but be productive of good :
information as to the capabilities of the soil, and
the economical and social condition of labourers and
farmers (and, however, by a side wind, the body of
evidence on inclosures does bear upon these topics)
tends to promote sounder legislation respecting
landed produce. It is startling to hear, that at a
period when redundant capital seeks every possible
outlet, there should remain much wild land (after
allowing for all drawbacks), which only awaits
enitivation to yield considerable returns. Yet
the fact seems fully established. The evidence
of Mr. Davies is, perhaps, the strongest on this
point. He says, " Land which, as it now stands,
Is hardly worth 2s. 6d. per acre, I should value at
from 20s. to 40s. after inclosure." The merits of
centralised legislation are perhaps more specious than
real ; what advantages it has appear at once on the
surface—it is expeditious, compact, and uninfluenced
by local interests; but it is, as we see in its work-
ing, often superficial and hasty. Skimming over a
vast surface, it dives deeply into no parts of a ques-
tion—the machinery of form becomes an end instead
of- the means. For example, a Central Board of
Inclosure Commissioners might do their work
cheaply, expeditiously, and with a sincere desire to
promote justice ; but it would inevitably sacrifice
local interests to the carrying out a general theory ;
and when such is the consequence of rapid legis-
lation, public opinion will force it to retrograde
in a way that will ultimately enhance the labour.
In taking leave for the present of the inclosure evi-
dence, we feel sure that should the plan there proposed
be ever carried into effect, it must be in a very mo-
dified form, and with some element introduced which
will he a real and honest equivalent for any losses
incurred by the humbler residents in the neighbour-
hood of our commons ; and we shall recur to the
subject, and endeavour to investigate more especially
how this might be accomplished.
STANDARD.—We have a great respect for Mr.
Busfield Fercand—we admire his talents and courage,
and we love his enthusiastic philanthropy, and
though he has lately made a speech of which we en-
tirely disapprove, we respect him nothing the less on
that account. The Hon. Member for Knaresborough
has a great deal of ability, of spirit, and of zeal,
butt he wants one quality which never yet was
found united with so very energetical a character
in a young man ; he wants—we should, grieve to
he supposed-to say it- in an ill-sense—he wants wis-
dom. A few years will, in so honest and can-
did and acute a person, supply this defect, and
when it shall be supplied in Mr. Ferrand, he will
be a most useful public man—we know of no one
likely to be more useful. In the speech to which we
have referred, Mr. Ferrand summarily disposes of the
character of the present generation of Englishmen as
follows :—" It is a fact that England has become a
nation of humbugs." Now we can assure Mr. Ferrand
that except the homeliness of the epithet applied, there
is nothing new in this charge. The young and ardent
of each generation always apply it to their con-
temporary age, and each succeeding generation
discovers, that it has been unjustly applied to the
time of their fathers—Shakspere, Milton, Marvel,
De Fee, Pope, Churchill, Southey, are all witnesses
against the hypocrisy (or humbug, as Mr. Ferrand
calls it) of the times in which they lived ;
so that if England is to be convicted of being a
nation of humbugs, upon even the most respectable
testimony, it has been a nation of hutnbugs for
nearly three centuries, if not from the beginning.
The charge is, however, wholly unfounded. Sin-
cerity is a national characteristic ; and we believe
that the virtue was never more largely or more gene-
rally diffused than it is at this moment in this country.
Ferrand's error is, however, the error of all young
men of his temperament. Such
with an m
earn eat n enter upon life
and therefore the nr pupose ofgood, ande with the most single
tion. They arrowest view of every public ques-
attach themselves to parties or to individuals
whose opinions they
own
fidently believe to correspond
precisely with their cThedeetaril, because they corre-
spond in principle.
or fear the same
value the same objects witi; the Y, too, that all who
dangers, value the one or fear the ses otlaer• t. 4v.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
PRIVY COUNCIL, Dec. 9.
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat to-
day at the Council Chamber, Whitehall. 'the Lords
present were the Master of the Rolls, Mr. Baron Parke,
the Chancellor of the Duchy of Cornwall, and the Judge
of the Admiralty Court.
The further arguments in the part-heard case of Jones
v. Guldnett, which came before their Lordships upon
appeal from the Prerogative Court, occupied their Lord-
ships the whole day.

COURT OF CHANCERY, Dec. 9.
The Lord Chancellor sat to-day in Lincoln's Inn Hall
shortly after eleven o'clock. His Lordship heard ap-
peals to-day, after disposing of some short petitions;
but no case of interest came before his Lordship during
the morning.

His LORDSHIP addressed some most appropriate re.
marks to the prisoner, and sentenced him to six months'
imprisonment in the House of Correction, with hard
labour.

George Swainson was indicted for haring, on the 22d
of July le4, at Cawthorne,, feloniously cut and wounded

mendous explosion, and in about half an hour after-I George Dyson, with intent to do him some grievous
wards William Prince, who slept in a kind of cabin at bodily harm.
the net uth of the pit, called him up and took him to ex- Tne Wan yrt pr),:t.ciir.p: 1;',- f . p,-
amine the boiler. On reaching there he found all the when
brick-work blown down and scattered about. The boiler Mr. HALL, who to for the Cs ewe, intinsetee that e,
happened to be filled with water, but no water had es- thought it. would be eseeess to ere. e the eltar;ee. and the
caped. The steam-pipe, however, had broken away jury, therefore, ueder h's Lordship' e dieserieee at seee.
from the steam-chest ' • the pipe for the conveyance of Acquitted the prisoner, and his Lordship refthetleo
water to the boiler had also been broken, and a small the prom-cuter e costs.
shed over the boiler had been blown down, so that the This man, who '.sas ev:dently innocent of the charge
steam-engine was put out of working condition. On re- , laid to his account, and was much •I* more sinned against
moving the debris witness found two caps and a hat very than sinning, was committed to prison in July last, and
much damaged, as well as a tin case containing a collier's there he would have remained until next March but for
cartridge and some loose gunpowder. In the firehole ; these Winter Assizes.
were found several portions of a barrel, and everything
smelt strongly of gunpowder.
Cross-examined by Mr. GIIAINSIER—The pit had been
worked twenty-two years. The boiler was about three
yards from the steam-engine. Was quite sure that two
caps were found. The cartridge found in the tin cane
was such as colliers commonly employed in the opera-
tion of blasting, and gunpowder was occasionally used
for that purpose in some of the pits near Sheffield.
William Prince remembered the 25th of August last.
He was in bed in the cabin at the mouth of the pit, and
shortly after eleven o'clock he saw some men peeping
into the cabin, through a small crevice in the door. In
a few minutes after he beard an explosion. He thought
there were about six men altogether.
Cross-examined—The night was dark. Could not see
the faces of the persons who looked in at the door.
Mrs. Ledger deposed that she resided about half a
mile from the colliery. The prisoner Bolton was her
brother, and _ had dined at her house on the 25th of
August. About twelve o'clock oil that night she was
awoke from her sleep by a noise at the door, and she
heard a moan apparently proceeding from a man in
great bodily pain. ' She opened the door, and found her
brother crouched down at the door. Ile was very much
burnt on his head, face, neck, and hands, and was covered .MIDLAND CIRCUIT.—Leicester, Dec. 7.
with black, and his clothes were torn. Witness obtained f (Before Mr. Justice Palvescier.)
assistance, and put him to bed, when Mr. Shaw, a sur- Thomas Berresford, a venerable-looking old-man, sta-
geon, was immediately sent for, who attended him for 14 ted to be 74 years of age, was charged on the coroner's
days whilst be remained confined to bed at her house. inquisition with the manslaughter of a boy named Wit-
Cross-examined—The prisoner appeared very much Hain Harrison, about 18 years of age, by etiootine him
intoxicated when he got to her house, and be vomited a with a gun.
quantity of spirits and ale. He was delirious also during The circumstances of the case created considerable in-
the night, and continued so for several days. tereet, and a very .general sympathy was excited tar the
John Shaw, jun., a medical student, who was called in prisoner.
to see the prisoner, confirmed the last witnese's state- Mr. MaLLOR, in stating the case to the jury, expressed
ment as to his condition at that time. Witness asked the great pain he felt in, being called upon, in the exer-
him how he had received the injuries about his person, : rise of his professional 'duty, to conduct the present pro-
and he, replied by firedamp. A woman present said it secution. The prisoner was charged with the shooting
would be beat to tell the doctor all they knew about the of the deceased ; but, although the act was fatal, yet, as
matter, and they then said they had heard a great explo- he acted under strong influences, created by the conduct'
sion, and that they suspected the prisoner had been con- of the deceased, the offence did not amount to murder,
cerned in blowing up a steam-engine. The woman but to the minor offence of manslaughter. There was
begged of witness not to mention the circumstance to no doubt the prisoner was the sport of the ruffianly boys
any one, and the prisoner joined in that request. of the neighbourhood in which he lived, and that he was
John Shaw, surgeon, of Attereliffe, corroborated the at the time he fired the gun much excited by the out-
greater part of this testimony, and detailed a statement rages which were committed upon him. It would, how-
made to him by the prisoner wherein he confessed his ever, he thought, be impossible to reduce the offence
participation in the act with which he was charged. below the crime of manslaughter. The jury would have
They put some gunpowder in a barrel which they placed to determine whether or not the prisoner by his own act
in-the fire-hole, and setting light to a fusee, one end of caused the death of the deceased. If the discharge of
which communicated, with the powder barrel, they ran the gun was accidental, of course the jury would acquit
away to await the effects of the explosion ; but as this the prisoner I but, if intentional, however great the pro-
did not take place so soon as they had anticipated, they vocation, and however unpleasant the duty might be to
went to the fusee to blow it up. He had just reached the gentlemen whom he was addressing, they must find
the spot where the engine was when it did happen, how- . the prisoner guilty of the charge imputed to him in the
ever, and he remembered little or nothing further. The , indictment.
prisoner Bolton had made this statement to witness on The circumstances of the case, as proved in evidence,
several different occasions. were shortly as follow ea-The prisoner, an eccentric old
Cross-examined—The prisoner told him that he had man, together with a maiden daughter, between forty
met with two men before the occurrence, who would not and fifty years of age, lived a secluded life upon a little
let him go till he had had a certain quantity of some- freehold of about fifteen acres, at Martinshavv-wood,
thing to drink. He did not say that he was very drunk. ' near Ratby, in this county. He was considered a harm-'
William Maybury, a tailor, living in Todd-street, lets man, but in consequence of his peculiar habits, he
Manchester, deposed, that he met the prisoner Crirch- ,! has been the constant sport, and subjected to the great-
low with two men, named Dixon and Stocks, on Tues eat annoyance, of the village boys in the neighbourhood,
day, the 27th of August. The skin was then all off his It was their habit to assemble in numbers,- and not only
face. He said that he had the wet scurvy, which ac- to' jeer and aSsault the old man, but even to beat his
counted for that circumstance. He met the same per- daughter. On Sunday, the 27th of October last, the de-
sons together soon after in the Coach and Horses public- 'ceased, with ten
_other lads, went to Martinshaw-wood,
house, and he heard SOON ask Critchlow if he had been and engaged themselves in their accustomed practices of
to a doctor, to. which Ciitchlow replied no, he wash annoyance. The deceased, Harrison, went into the yard
frightened to go to a doctor lest he should be found out, of the prisoner's house, and, to use the expression of one
Critchlow then asked Stocks. if he had seen that day's of his companions, " teased him out." The prisoner
paper, and if there was anything particular in it. Stocks i presented himself with a gun, when the deceased beat
answered, that be had seen the paper, and that a cap him with a briar about the head. The prisoner re
had been found. Critchlow said that that was his cap, I quested him and his colleagues to go away, when the
and he then proceeded to detail the circumstances at- deceased replied they would, if he would shake hands
tending the explosion, adding, that he had before very with him. The old man did so, when the deceased left
large whiskers and a good head of hair, but when the , the yard. No sooner, however, had he got into the lane,
powder went off it flashed in his face, and scorched it all than he and his companions commenced throwing stones,
off. He was otherwise also a good deal injured. - several of which struck the arms and body of the pri-
Cross- examined—Have not got much above tailoring Boner. Under the influence of this provocation, he pre-
yet. There was a rat-den at Davis's public-house. Wit- sented his gun and fired .the contents lodging in the
mess did not provide the rats or the dogs. He assisted breast of the deceased. The blood gushed out of his
Davis sometimes in keeping and obtaining the rats. He mouth, and he shortly 'afterwards expired. The pri-
did pay for his board and lodging at Davis's. Was not seller, when apprehended, stated that he had fired the
in t.e habit of attending prize. fights. Had never been gun in self-defence.
at one. Didn't teach boxing ; put the gloves on some- J A large bagfull of stones was presented in the Court
times, for a little bit of amusement. Had been in trouble to-day, all of which It was sworn had been thrown into
once, about six years ago, for hitting a man in the shop the yard, and premises of the prisoner by his youthful
where he then worked. Had never seen Critchlow pre- assailants.
vious to the first interview which he had referred to. . • Mr. MACAULET, in defending the prisoner, said the
Several other witnesses corroborated the main features jury must undoubtedly convict him of manslaughter,
orthe evidence already given. unless he (Mr. Macauley) could convince them that he
Mr. GRAINGER addressed a long and ingenious speech shot the deceased in defence of his life, or that the dia-
.
to the jury on behalf o; the prisoners, commenting chiefly charge of the gun was accidental. He purposed to adopt
with regard to Critchlow's case, on the want of all evi- the latter course of defence. He would show that the
deuce connecting the prisoners together. prisoner fired the gun When a shower of stones was rat-
Mr. Justice COLERIDGE summed up, and laid the case tling about his head, and that he was struck and severely
before the jury in the clearest manner, who retired fora bruised upon the right arm: The trigger would not have
few minutes, and then returned with a verdict of Guilty been. pulled if the armeli.sd -not been struck. He (Mr.
against Bolton, and of Acquittal as regarded Critehltm. Macaulay) should call before them the old man's dsugh-
His LonnantP, in passing sentence, observed upon the- ter, who was a witness' to' the outrages committed lima
magnitude of the crime of which the prisoner had been her father on the day in question, and would also put
found guilty. It was especially a crime in a county like intothe box the surgeon who attended the prisoner after
that, where property of incalculable value was often in- the assault committed upon him on that occasion.
vested in engines of the description alluded to, which, - Ann Berresford was then sworn, and deposed that
valuable as they were, were particularly liable to the when her father fired the gun he was struck upon the
attacks of vicious persons. In a moral point of view, arm; head, antibody with stones. His right arm was
the crime was very great, for, if people chose to leave quite black the next day.
their work, and band themselves together, and go out at Mr. J. Sketchley, surgeon, proved the injuries the pri-
night, taking barrels of gunpowder with them for the soner had received upon his arms, and spoke to his ex-
purposes of mischief—people who went so far as that cellent and peaceable character.
would require very little inducement, he feared, to go Mr. Meenou, shortly replied, contending that the
much further. The prisoner had, however, suffered prisoner's declaration to the policeman, "'that he did it
already in his person very severely for what he had done, in self-defence," showed the act of firing to be inten-
and it appeared that one of his unhappy companions on aortal.
that night had paid a severer penalty still. When he Mr. Jiestice PAT'rEION, in summing up, said there was
should recal that to his remembrance, it might prove no doubt the prisoner was uses exceedingly ill, and that
to him, perhaps, a more bitter recollection, and give he received gross provocation, but that did not justify
him a great deal more pain than he was likely to sutler him in the use of firesarms. lie ought to have appealed
at the hands of the law. The sentence of the Court was, to the civil authorities, and had his assailants properly
that the prisoner be imprisoned for eighteen calendar and deservedly punished. He left 'the jury to say
months, with hard labour. whether the act was accidental or intentional. If the
A man named Thomas North Stochs was next indicted former, the prisoner was not guilty ; but if the latter,
for harbouring John Critchlow, well knowing that he he was guilty of the crime of manslaughter.
had committed a felony. As Critchlow had been ac- The jury found a verdict of Guilty, but strongly re-
quitted, however,: by the jury, the charge against Stocks commended the prisoner to mercy.
was, of course, abandoned. Mr. Justice Parresoet, in passing sentence, said, had
December 7.
the jury not accompanied their verdict with a recom-
At the sitting of the Court this morning his'Lordship mendation to mercy, he certainly should have passed a
butin
announced that, is consequence of the heavy state of the
ovr:ay verylenient
serlous offence, sentence. The
he had already been prisoner had been convicted
calendar, it was determined to open another Court on
Tuesday next, to assist in the trial of the prisoners, prison a considerable time ; -and, morever, he had re-
James Tassey was charged with manslaughter, for that ceivedthe greatest provocation from deceased and his
he, on the 23d of September last, at Halifax, in the Weit companions. The sentence was, that he be imprisoned
Riding. feloniously did kill and slay one Daniel Martin,
gaol, without hard labour, for four calendar
in the
by stabbing him with a knife in .and upon the left side The Learned Judge then turning to the lade
of the neck. months.
litho had been examined as witnesses, said, " Boys, you
have been the real cause of all mischief. You all de-
Mr. Hall and Mr. Boothby conducted the prosecution,-
serve punishment, and.l, do hope you. will each of you
and Mr. Dearsley defended the prisoner.
be prosecuted for. the assaults upon the old man. I Those of our readers who are acquainted with Halifax
sure you, if it was in mrpower, you should not only be
as-
well know that there is a quarter of the town called Hat-
otherWise punished, but der should be severely whipped."
The other cases trieding the day do not deserve a
ters'-yard, and Gardeners'-square, which is principally
inhabited by the lower class of Irish—a spot notorious
for the constant recurrence of misdemeanours and as-
saults; and the scene not unfrequently of more serious particular report.
affrays, ending sometimes only with the death of' one or
other of the parties concerned. In this quarter resided
the deceased, Daniel Martin, and the prisoner, James
Tansey, both of whom were Irishmen. About mid day
on the 23d of September the deceased, a powerful and at
the same time a violent and intemperate man, was seen
in pursuit of a woman, his sister, whom on reaching he
struck with great force, accompanying the blow with
the remark that" he would teach his sister to be a w—
for any man." The woman rushed for safety into the house
of the prisoner, whither she was pursued by the deceased.
The prisoner at that time was seated in the kitchen
in his own' house, paring a sheep's head with a
knife. Into this room the deceased entered, and struck at
his sister, when a man named Rocks' interposed, and
him the deceased felled to the ground. Upon this the
prisoner rose from his seat with a knife in his hand, and,
saying that he would have no row in his house, attempted
to turn the deceased out. It appeared that the deceased
however, struck the first blow. A scuffle ensued between
the two, who ultimately made their way into a corner,
and there, by some means or other, the deceased was
struck under the left ear by the knife in the hand of the.
prisoner, and from the wound thus inflicted Martin's
death resulted in a few hours after. It was contended
for the prosecution, that the prisoner deliberately raised
the knife to strike the deceased, and some mention was
made of another knife, a most formidable weapon in ap-
pearance, which it was insinuated had been substituted
by the prisoner for the one with which he was eating his
dinner. There was no evidence, however, to support
this view of the case, except that a policeman produced
two knives which he had found in the house, and the
blades and hafts of which were both covered with blood.
For the defence it was contended, that the prisoner rose
suddenly from his dinner to turn out an unwelcome in-
httt
hrhaueedd
bkie
it in
iiwtrne
%hha.
jaanitsdhi accidentally
nit
gdhhe atenhxdac vi tteeh g
imba
eteveneni
given.
eh
vemtehnnree..
ug
scufflenl tnesde
Dearsleyti thoouae Istxa
pytehl
nadasiotnuwehe
ddne
to the jury,that Where a man killed another on a sudden
rencontre in his own defence or in that of his children,
wife, or servant, that was justifiable homicide. The case
before the jury, he contended, came within that cate-
gory, and the prisoner was therefore entitled to an ac-
quittal But this view of the case was somewhat inter-
fered with by the evidence of two apparently respectable
witnesses, one of whom deposed, that after the deceased
had been struck with the knife, and whilst the blood was
yet gushing out and bespattering the walls around, the
prisoner raised his fist again to strike the deceased, but
" The other .ealWali
deoerftpsrteriveknetetdhebymathneagaaiitnn,ehssessadyeaindgi,
t-
ness referred too imputed to the prisoner the words, "If
I haven't killed him, I will do it." There were some
slight discrepancies in the minor details, but the above
were the principal facts generally corroborated.
Mr. Justice COLERIDGE having summed up,
The jury retired to consider their verdict, and after a
h ss
iaourgt h
te absencer,
with
afo
recommendation
e°
mthe e n
dprisoner Guilty
to
Inerc ~
on o account
c c3of tar nn
of
ha
having received considerable provocation in his own
house.

F.n^c

OXFORD ClRCUlT.—Shrewsbury, Dec. 7.
The commission for Salop was opened yesterday
evening, and Mr. Justice Coltman having attended
Divine service this morning; at St. Chad's church, took
his seat in the Crown Court at eleven o'clock, when a
full jury of 23 gentlemen was empannelled, Viscount
Clive, M.P., being the foreman. The calendar contains
the names of 38 prisoners, whose offences may be thus
classed :—Murder, 1 ; manslaughter, 1 ; arson, 3 ; sheep
stealing, 9 ; horse stealing, 1 ; highway robbery, 8 ;
burglary, 6 ; maliciously stabbing, 1 ; concealment of
birth, 1 ; and larcenies, 6.

Hannah. Westwood, aged 19, an idiotic and miserable-
looking girl, was placed at the bar on the charge of un-
lawfully concealing the birth of her female child, at
llalesowen. The prisoner exhibiting evident proofs that
she was labouring under.weakness of intellect, the jury
was sworn to deterzoine Whether she was then of sound
mind and understanding, so as to be capable of pleading
and taking her trial. The matron of the county prison
was then examined as to the mental capacity of the pri-
soner, and the jury having returned a verilict of incara-
citv, she was ordered to be confined during !Int. Ma-
jesty's pleasure.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
(YESTERDAY.)
111ARLBORDUGH-S7'REET.
John Williams, a very' powerful young man, was
placed at the bar on thefollowiag charge
Police-constable, No. 36 of the A division, stated that
between ten and'eleven o'clock on Saturday night he was
on duty in Pall-mall in Plain clothes, and saw the pri-
soner accost several gentlemen and solicit alms of them,
and to the last one he heard the prisoner say in a
menacing manner, " D--n your eyes, give us some
money, for I must have some.' Witness directly seized
him,•but he broke from his grasp and commenced a most
furious attack upon him. He also struck a gentleman
who was standing by, and, he afterwards repeatedly as•
saulted 'another constable- who was assisting in secur-
ing him.

M. HARDWICK said .this was a new feature in
mendicant audacity, and closely approached toinducing
persons to give alms by threats of violence. If such
things were permitted the public would not be able to
walk .the streets in safety. lie wished it to go forth that
all such offenders would be punished with the utmost
severity; and, as an instance of it in the present case,
he'should commit the prisoner for three mouths to hard
labour.

....--......._ _____------.,„1
DREADFUL MURDER. . I 'MEL ANC HOLY CATASTROPHE. I MARKET NEWS•—(YESTERRAL
_. ...
(FROM A. COD RESPONDENT.) !On Vrilay I ..-t Mr. T. T. Do Lasaux, one of the i CORN EV..c.a.aznseer . .015"
;: . , _ i. ...1;
r,..1'-,:',,z Pf:.._:. 7.--1. -,. z;d. ywa 1,-;rtictlars of one of oorr.n,;-.. .f f-:,.1f ht7i.tl c. 3.1 irluest, at Whitstable, ou the ! _Jill-,-.'_,- ‘ht• \-ef-•-,- 'e,•l,--ng rya '.'R,t.tir,l,l,Y, 11'151. 0-
1 ;-he rac,,,t: ford -:_nurd-:,;.3 ,;••.- have tit 1, le•-.-;•,1 ~f; and \vbien b.,,,1rs ..' 1.:,,,-ara. Pufl.ii!, uyed thirty-fortr, Williou F:ngli:4l Wheat and F.,arley were tolerably good
"•':! lr. !.' '• ',.:,-f- 7u'd:*-•:'•:-. 1 ~,1: ,';'':l •:,''.-i•.oa Poi/Wl, al.-4,2(lt,y,:nty-five, t .c,f,l.g:? MO e.:, need thirty-two, ' the imports of Foreign &a le,: end Oats were 0 „-•
. ! e-- 2, -;:: eee Jen i.l :', :.,!-1, .r.iny z•l,i '.ii, ,i/•?.ili John "..',1,:.•:-.-1, ,•,-,' v: --e and 11 -Pry '',••,-- - d er-.-0• Of all other i;rtici,-sof Grain the rueir'es
eo.ee t `girt ~...„ t . . L , ....1, ate • - -
,tre I"
'••,, ,", ,', 1,, L ••,..-..' HI, ~ -nri 0. ",.:,' provi- ' thirtv-thr ,: ~ .11, .-. of -nom hat, 11,:et. antoctunmelv . 0.111, arstiveiv swan. 1;%-.,11. ,Ip, a fair aVer-o. •.e t
i sion, 10
.f. : ~icTr, ~,;.) .;1, ~,;,;- -1,.-!: . :,.••', •,a t. kin - drowuce ei ,e.- e.. .e of '‘.,- , et:)e,4ilay List, ',via, pessing tity of borne-grown Wheat e:-irne to hand, cossoviii' eri
11, LI ti, k,,, L'on 0i..--;e...- fr ~,:•. ; ';,,t /i 1,.,•: i., t ',ffen , 1.2:11 V- 1,,,,--:.;,:, ,• . -: I: '''• :: '.7,.:.r),--3:. . well as by land carriage and sqtr,r,T,,,;, from Essill ke
i!ompelied .!i) iravei :.-,:: ,ery ;Lao i;,i.‘ur,i' (4 nip,iiii, Z.O iiir:id Vi-,., 1.. !II ':: ~:: ;.1. !:.t ii., i, Zifili ier some years occupied i and Cambridgeshire. consequernly the ?bow of eau'sel
the payment of beck toile, which in. ;hie eeighbourhoad 'an extensive farm At Le jsdoWn, in Sheppey, but had in which, arising from the present seasonable We,
are enormously heavy, it being 9d. fur a single horse and i recently retired from business, and at the time of his . great improvement was noticed, was, on the whole ,
1!
cart. The poor victim alluded to eas one of these men, ' melancholy death resided at Bridge, near Canterbury. ; Having a large number of buyers in attendance,- le
He bad sold his butter, and was returnin to Cardigan- His companions in misfortune were men engaged in the ; improvement was noticed in the demand for all kind
shire. He left this town about eight o'clock on Friday . Coast Guard service, stationed at Whitstable, and were , English Wheat. The hest kinds were held at soiree i
evening ; he was in one cart. and his eon a lad about ail highly respected 'by their companions in the service, •more money, but the general value of that descriptir
thirteen years of age, was driving another. It appears . as well as by the inhabitants of Whitstable and Seasalter, i, produce remained ab ,ut stationary, at which 1
to
from the statement of the lad, that about two miles from :by when their untimely fate is much regretted. E. ; clearance was effectel. On a comparison of qOO
this town, they overtook a men, woo u.ked his father Polhill and G. Miles have each left widows, with five the quotations were more in f'lvour of the gr 2.41
what he would take him to Lampeton for, and they young chilnren ; and J. Mason; also a married man, has There was only a mortis- ate quantity of fine 1"7,-0
agreed as to the price. When about half.way to Tri- left a widow and oue child ; the other two—viz., W. Wheat on offer. H dders, as for some time pest,
castle, the man, himself, and his father, got out and Polhill and IL Pym, were unmarried, very few, and would not sell except at very
,h'170,, tr
walked a little way. The man asked if they were near The jury having been sworn, proceeded to the Coast rencies, which were paid in the few tranlae"deld
Tricastle, and his father said they were but little more Guard station-house to view the bodies, which presented ported. In Corn wrier lock very little was ot
than half-way (the distance is more than twelve miles). the melancholy spectacle of five human beings, in the yet the prices were quite as high $s 114 ~
He then paid his father what he bad agreed to pay fir prime of life and full of health, hurried into eternity Notwithstanding the greet increase in the 8,,
00
taking him, arid advised the boy to get into the front without a moment's warning, as may be conceived by the of Barley, both English and foreign,: that
cart, and let him cover him over with some straw and evidence adduced. especially the best making kinds, was in better regtien
tarpaulin,- which he did, and he went to sleep. The Mr. Aldridge, Chief Officer of the Coast Guard Ser- but we can notice no alteration in the qu°tsenol
horses went on, until they came to the turnpike-gate, vice at the Seasalter station, stated, that shortly after Nearly the whole of the late arrivals from
.11,- 01
about a quarter of a mile from Tricastle. The boy four o'clock in the afternoon of Wednesday he directed have been entered for home consumption ea: er
might have been here some little time asleep, when a E. Polhill, chief boatman, and his companions W. Pol- 3s. duty. The quantity of Malt brought bas'
man with a waggon came up in the opposite direction,, hill, G. Miles, and J. Mason, to proceed to sea in the wird was small. In Chevalier qualities a fat din
and woke up the gate-keep...r. This awoke the boy, " four-oared gig" on duty, to watch the various craft Den was doing, but all other kinds were very
who who immediately inquired for his father, but he was not that might be rounding the Sliellness point, and also to The supply of Oats was again limited. As Inoso.-;
to be found. The poor boy was much distressed, and proceed to the station at Shellness, and communicate large dealers are short of stock, the best potatee F;;1
rte toll -gate-keeper took -him to an inn in the village• with the chief officer there. Mr, Pym, who was at Whit- ea, indeed, most other kinds, were in ready recitiet 01
It was now about twelve o'clock. In a very short time sable at the time, asked his permission to be allowed to a
trifle more money.- Our Irish letters state 010
the waggoner returned riding one of his horses, saying pass over in the boat to the Isle of Sheppey, which he shippers in Ireland are still demanding extrenhee ott
he bed found the man about a mile on, lying by the assented to, and the five left the beach on board the Deans and Peas, the supplies of which were in
side of the road murdered. Assistance was given, and boat for the above destination. He (the witness) saw no moved off slowly at previous currencies. The
the body was brought „in. At that time he was quite more of thew; but the men not returning all night, fears trade was heavy, at the late decline in value. esti
warm. His death was occasioned by a pistol-shot, which were entertained for their safety, and he on the following and Rape-cakes were in active request. In seed' ,
passed through his hat, and. entered his head just over day went in search of them, and between one and two to nothing was passing.
the right ear. The bail lodged in the head, and has o'clock in the afternoon of Thursday found the bodies of CURRENCY PER IMPERIAL MEASURE- ap
since been extracted. D.-ieh must lisve been instants- E. and W. Polhill, Pym, and Miles, lying on the Ponard WissAT-Essex & Kent, I DIALT-Chevalier.....l 6l
0
red... ..... .... 40s to 56' Was—Yorkshire 50" optop
neous. There is not the slightest. mark of any struggle. Sands, and the boat a short distance from them, lying on Ditto, white
, e
It is to be hoped that the s: ranger is known, though he her larboard side. On further search the body of Mason Norfolk and Lin- Potatoe ..... ......-.• 0
coin, red
is not yet apprehended ; and a person answering his de- was found in the water with an oar under him, appa- Ditto white . 42s to 50s black ..........• q4410'0
scription bought a pair of pistols of a tradesman in this rently as though he had attempted to save his life by its Irish, red -5 to -s Cork, white ........ dit/d town a few days since. It is aupposed the deceased had assistance. The whole of the men were perfectly sober Ditto, white
Res—old
about 70/ with him, the prticeeds of his two loadsof but ter, when they put to tea, and were well known as being New 35s to 36s' Pigeons ..... .......• 041.4
but there was not a farthing in hie pockets when he was steady and careful men. Witness believed that their BAst6Y-Grinding - Grey ..........." %IWO
found.
,I should add that the boy says he saw the same deaths were caused by the capsizing of the boat, caused Malting
Min in •Brecon, in the afternoon, and he then asked by a heavy swell of the sea, which often takes place by eienCeh-lalgorik and Nor- 38s
to
Ws
11V0it1eitre5............."'": 3911
What time his father would- leave for Tricastle. tie the meeting of two tides near the place where the bodies folk sBs to 625, FLoSa-Town muds ....8, Si
told him about eight o'clock. This proves that this was were found. Brown.-- ... No'k.... y_..
off..
....1: "ti
"
a most deliberate, coldeblOoded murder. Charles Foreman, a dredger, Kingston and Ware 63. tools Stockton & of Whitstable, stated FOREIGN GRAIN AND FLOUR IN BONm•got/i
that he was in a punt near the Pollard oyster-grounds WHEAT—Dardzic
on Wednesday last, shooting wild fowl, and saw a boat BARLEY .....
rs tt°o 793 s R0A:r.......A."...."--."..." gild
FLOUR—American •••••• 0.
crossing towards Shellness, and noticed that she was OATS—New
going at a fast rate, and shortly after he lost sight of Fee 1.............«
her, when he supposed those who were in her had lowered SMITHFIELD. SOV
the sails. On the following day he found the body of As the great Christmas market will be held oa .4
Miles, arid gave information of the fact, and shortly after day next, no little curiosity was manifested by ntY
the other bodies were found. When he first saw the and butchers to ascertain the quality of the ilecrecveltll
boat on Wednesday, there was no other vessel of any bited for sale to-day, by way of a criterion to 0001
description on the water with which it could have come their future transactions ; but with the exeePte, or
in collision by accident or otherwise. there being a few well made-up Dcvons, See
Captain Blair, RN., inspecting officer of the district, Runts amongst the Bullock supply, a nerlitn!,
was in attendance, and at his suggestion several guys- and almost unprecedented deficiency of noTe4etr
Lions were put to the above witness, as to whether it was apparent ; in fact, at least a moiety of it wag leB'
prudent to allow a boat of the description to go to sea in half fat. From the numerous attendance of 11,160%:
the then state of the weather ; and also as to whether and the near approach of Christmas, we were le! eon
the men who had charge of the boat were proceeding to peat an improved demand ; but such was not Ono'
their ' destination in a proper direction ? To which still, however, the primest Beef was in geed Te/r4jfil
fully last week's quotations, viz., from 4s to. 49_,001,'
questions the witness replied, that there was nothing in
the weather that would prevent any one going to sea for i Bibs ; but in all other kinds exceedingly littler/P.4nd
such purpose in a boat of that kind, and had he been and ,in some instances, the rates had a downward te,',4.
~
going, he should have proceeded in the same direction The imports of live stock from abroad during L" !,
as he saw the boat, without any idea of its being week have been again liberal, they having erne hell
i I;
unsafe to do so ; but he stated that at times the passage 105 Oxen and Cows, and 60 Sheep at Hull l e
across was a difficult one, arising from what was termed Beasts, together with 163 sheep into London, the OA
by the seafaring men of Whitstable a "hollow," or being from Rotterdam by steamers. The supplYrefir
" counter sea," occasioned by the general tide and be to-day consisted of 44 Oxen and Cows, and In:0,
the water flowing through the " East Swale," which With respect to quality of the former, we inal-1.1!;
divides the Isle of Sheppey from that part of the coast that it exhibited a slight improvement coniPs;;A:
previous importations, while the latter were in tie,
of Kent. Captain Blair explained that he had merely '
required those questions to be put to the witness, who, condition. The Beasts found purchasers at fro",elre
191, and the Sheep from 39s to44s per head. Vire:',noi
being a seafaring man of the place, might be better able
the foreign Beasts are still in good favour aln,olo
to show if danger was to be apprehended at the time
the boat went to sea, and not that he (Captain Blair). butchers, while the Sheep are somewhat eager'Lae
considered there was, as, in fact, he himself was at sea after. The bullock droves from our northern grad
in exactly the same description of boat at the same hour tricts consisted of about 1,800 short horns. Froni,fea. 5
on Wednesday, in which they stretched out full three ,Suffolk, Essex, and Cambridgshire, we reeel'eert
miles, passing on from Reculver to Whitstable. Scots, &c.; from the Western and Midland counnes!
No other evidence being adduced, Herefords, Runts, Devon!, &c. ; from other rif
i England, 700 of various breeds ; from Sno1•18$170
The CORONER addressed the jury, calling their at-
tention to the facts elicited ; and remarked, in the ab- horned and polled Scots, and from Ireland, inn tenni j
sence of further evidence, and almost certainly with the 40 Beasts—the remainder of the supply beirv. delyZei "
whole that could ever be produced, he felt justified in say- the neighbourhood of the metropolis. The ifilege;seof
Sheep was somewhat on the increase, and a ,5,41
ing that the deceased had come by their deaths by purely
age quality. Prime old Downs were in gooa•
accidental circumstances ; in which opinion the jury
concurred, and returned a verdict of " Accidentally at full prices ; but all other kinds were with ~li,
disposed of at late rates. In Calves exceedie/0100105
drowned," levying a small deodand on the boat.
was doing, at previous currencies. We hen f
144 Pigs, by sea, from Ireland. All description° °
were heavy, yet prices were supported. i
Per Bibs. to sink the offal. OP
s. d. to s. d f. 4
.0
Inferior Beasts . ... ... 9 6 2.101 Second qualityclittOw ! • 11
Second quality ditto... 8 0 3 6 Coarse.woolled ditto. f (1. ',,
Prime large Oxen..... 3 8 4 0 Southdown Wethere v .„,i i /
Prime Scots, 5ec...„.. 4 2 4 4 Ditto out of the WWI I i
Large coarse Calves.. 3 0 3 5 Large Wks .......... . • sPrime small ditto 3 8 4 0 Small Porkers......ra, 0
Suckling Calves, each IS 0 32 ii Quarteroldrigs,eace.% • •
Inferior Sheep
...........
SUPPLY AT MARKET.
141$
Beasts. I Sheep. I
4,120 1 30,140 t Car i
zrzwasTla AND zataxonsf Emstwelj
Since this day se'nnight a fair average tin:kr-en t
supply of slaughtered meat has been receive:ll'l'ooA
markets from Scotland and different parts 0f.r4.1',,i,
in good condition. Although the quantities ofloil toie'
killed meat offering have been larger, the getd,
mand has improved, and the best qualities of
.7.010
Mutton have found buyers, at somewhat insproneuties
In the value of other qualities we have no site/ boe!
report. Several carcases of foreign Beasts and '
have sold at fair prices.
ARRIVALS DURING THE PAST WEEK
ft
Beasts. Sheep. Calve.' P'..,,
Scotland ..... •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 380 -•• V'',,,
Yorkshire ......................... 28 400 •-• rdN0rf01k........... ................. 12 150 -- rd
Suflblk .. . ..... ... ....... ............... 16 100 ....
f°
Cambridgeshire -
Essex 22 :80 40 gen
Surrey. ...
Devonshire ............ .......
Wiltshire .......... ..............
Other parts
„,..e.,"
—_ —......- Ix

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
PORTSMOUTH, DEC. 7.—The Cambrian, 36, Commo-
dore Chads, left Bombay for Madras on the 24th of
October.
The Columbia steam-sloop, Lieutenant-Commander
Shortland, was at St. John's refitting on the 11th ult.
The Harlequin, 16, Commander the Hon. G. F. Hast-
ings, left Singapore for England on the sth of Sept., with
nearly a million dollars on board.
The Pilot, 16, Commander W. H. Jervis, was at Cal-
cutta on the 30th of Sept., last from Moulmien.
The Savage, 10, Lieutenant-Commander J. Booker,
has been daily expected at Spithead from Gibraltar to be
paid off.
The Serpent, 16, Commander W. Neville, was at Bom-
bay on the Ist of November.
The Vixen steam-sloop, Commander G. Gifford, was at
Sir gapore, repairing damages, on the 13th of Sept.
The Wolverine, 16, Commander Clifford, had replaced
the Harlequin at Singapore prior to the 30th of Sept.
DETONPORT, DEC. 6.—The brigs forming the experi-
mental squadron have arrived in the Sound ; but no au-
thentic information repecting their sailing qualities has
transpired, from the cause stated in The Sun of Mon-
day last.
The Amethyst, 26, is reported t,o be launched to-
morrow. We believe her dimensions to be somewhat as
follows : Ft. In.
Length between perpendiculars
Extreme breadth
Breadth moulded
Breadth for tonnage 4O 0
Length of keel for tonnage
10 9
Depth of
Bhoulrdden
in
tons,
911
37-96.
The Canopus, 84, is reported for speedy commission,
and extra hands have been put upon her to expedite her
fitting.

The Daedalus, 20, Captain P. M'Quhae, arrived from
Woolwich on Wydnesdly, to receive her advance wages.
The Penguin. 6, Limiter'lnt-Commander Leslie, left
yesterday for Falmouth, to carry out the neit mail to
the Brae's.

The Snipe cutter, Li( tttenant-Commander Raymond,
arrived on Wednesday from Portsmouth, with supernu-
meraries.

The Albion, 90, Commodore Lnckyer, we believe, i
ordered to this port to repair defects.
In Harbour—The Caledonia, flagship, San Josef
Swift packet, Snipe cutter, and Confiance steam-vessel.
In the Sound—The Medallic

- -
THE STEAM-ENGINES OF THE
RETRIBUTION.
(FURTHER PARTICULARS.)
After some preparatory trials the engines were set to
work on Friday, and several persons distinguished for
scientific acquirements or mercantile eminence, received
invitations to witness the performance. No inconsider-
able number of gentlemen attended, and several ladies.
We are glad to see such a deep interest taken in the suc-
cess of our steam navy, for one of greater national im-
portance hardly exists. There was no pleasant trio on
the occasion to give excitement, for the vessel was lying
the whole time fast bound to the dock pier, but so far
from it as to permit the paddle-wheel freely to revolve.
The mere performance of the machine, and wonderful it
was, excited the highest interest.
As we approached the vessel we saw the immense
wheel, 34 feet in diameter—the paddle-boxes which
cover theta standing high above the top sides of the ship,
and looking, we must say, unsightly—throwing the
water away with great rapidity, and though that was no
index to the rate at which the vessel would move were
she at liberty, the velocity with which the water was
thrown past the ship was a sufficient test of the vast
power which was at work within. It has been said, is
depreciation of man's faculties, that he " dashes the
water to hasten the speed of the cataract ;" but each of
the mighty wheels of the Retribution, as it revolved,
gave rapid motion to a body of water that may be ap-
propriately styled a river. It made as much ferment as
a little cataract, and it raised the water to which it gave
an impetus. The wheels, however, were not at full
work, for only half the float boards were on, yet the
rush of the water filled us with astonishment. So dis-
turbed and so aerified the usually still waters of the
dock probably nevsr were before.
We entered the ship, expecting to find her trembling
with the exertion. She was perfectly still. Not a
vibration was felt. We descended into the engine-room.
convinced that so great a power could not be exercised
without considerable clatter, but it was working almost
as noiselessly as the heavenly orbs. It did not tick as
loud as an eight-day clock, and yet it was raising and
sending astern, on either side, a long stream at the rate
of eightor nine miles an hour. We saw cranks, weighing
each thirteen tons, moving backwards and forwards, and
they were perfectly silent. Such great power, combined
with such a total absence of every kind of noise, as is
exhibited by these two noble engines, is, perhaps, no-
where to be found, except in the works of nature.
We were astonished, too, at the large space prepared
for the machinery, and at its compactness. The two
ergines, with their boilers, which occupy the whole
breadth of the ship, weigh no less than 540 tons. They
occupy nearly one-third of the tonnage of the ship; but
they are as compact and well arranged as thee are
powerful, and every part of them is easily accessible. It
any man get entangled with the machinery it must be
by his own fault ; he can move about amidst it as com-
fortably as in a parlour. The whole, too, is as simple as
it is compact and gigantic.
Four cylinders, two to each engine, each cylinder 72
inches diameter, occupy the hold of the vessel; and the
double cylinders giving motion to one beam must work
identically. The smallest deviation would cause a waste
of power. The two legs, though they each contribute
equally to move forward the body, do not work so pre-
cisely together as Messrs. Maudslay's double cylinders.
By their invention a great power is obtained in compa-
ratively small space, and the immense wheel receives its
impetus from a short and slow stroke. Abaft the cy-
linders, but with an ample space betwixt, the boilers are
placed, and the stoker's-room seemed no more confined
orkheated than a well-warmed kitchen. With all this
power and ingenuity great neatness is combined. The
cylinders are cased with mahogany, and instead of the
places about the engine being like a dirty smithy, they
resemble rather a ladies' drawing-room.
After admiring this wonderful union of power, s'mpli-
city, order, compactness, and neatness, remembering that
the Retribution is to be what the Victory and the Queen
Charlotte were, the means of ensuring the safety of the
nation, we could not help asking ourselves how many
generations of small farmers and spade husbandry men,
whose gradual disappearance it is at present the fashion
to regret, and whose restoration is the object of so many
prayers and wishes, it would require to construct such a
model of skill ? By similar instruments has Great Bri-
tain in past times been made triumphant—by such in-
struments must she he henceforth defended; and they
are blind admirers of her great maritime superiority,
and her national independence, who would impede the
increase of those classes who construct such admirable
machines.

178 1,640
Previous week's arrival 228 1,700

Naval victories, it is conclusively shown in the present
number of Blackwood's Magazine, are far more decisive
of the fate of empire than lane battles. Those who
form a contrary opinion derived it from contemplating'
the naval battles of something less than a century ago.
But the writer in Blackwood only described half the
value of our great naval victories. They were obtained
at a uomparatively small cost of human life. The great
battles won by Lord Howe, Lord Duncan, Lord St. Vin-
cent, and Lord Nelson cost the country less than 5,000
men, or less than fell in each of several of the battles in
the Peninsula. The reason is, that disabling machinery,
instead of slaughtering human beings decides the fate of
naval warfare, and the more machinery is used the less
bloody will be nrtral encounters. The more it is used
the more time and labour it requires to equip a fleet, and
the more decisive will be those victories which destroy
it. At the same time, the more complete is the machi-
nery the more certain will be the success. We look,
therefore, on this invention, and such works as those of
Messrs. Maudslay, as h►wing a greater value than merely
strikes the eye, impressive •as they are. They are the
means of securing the national independence and the
notional superiority.

150 a
150

Difference since our last 5O 60
At per stone, by the Carcase.
s• d'
3. d. tot. d.
mief, ...... 2 6 210 Mutton, inferior 2
.... 3 0 3 2 .-- 6
prime large ...... 3 2 3 4 prime......... 9 6 '
ptime sivial 3 6 3 8 Pork, large ........ ••••••• 6
Vital ........»....„ 3 4 4 0 ----small -
BOROUGH now BLANKET. eirim
Since our last report exceedingly little beriitto''
been doing in pockets, either new or old, yet Went 0$
!ions have ruled *bout stationary. The supply A
of the present year's growth, is moderately
the sales effected toe mostly at full currencies.
11016'3UG1I AND sPrrazrizsal-,* JO A
tb
Full average supplies of Potatoes have arrived
water-side coastwise during the week; while theL6i:/
from abroad have consisted of about ninety
whole of very inferior quality. The demand I°
kinds is steady at our quotations.
WOOL MARKET. upeti
All kinds of foreign and colonial Wools haverpfro
improved inquiry since this day se'nnight, anOrly
have been steadily surported. English Wool is ja
better request, but we can notice no altersti°, bed
quotations. The imports for the- last week lino Pv
333 bales from Seville, 100 from Hamburgb,
Calcutta, and 385 from Odessa.
tl?
TALLOW. • flet/
There is no alteration to notice in prices do 0
week. The demand has been a little better, ellolo
expected to continue so, therefore no further 0744111
anticipated for the present. Home Tallow l 5
so abundant ; the nett price is 41s.
COAL IVIAIZIMT.
Prices per ton at the close of the market : old pro,
Wrest Hartley, 19s ; Hasting's Hartley, 195 ;
top, 16s 9d ; Towney, 18s ; W. E., Clark ag3511,,
I9s 6d ; W. E , Heaton, 23s ; W. E., Belmon
W. E., Braddyll's Hetton, 24s 3d to 243 65
Haswell, 24s 6d ; W. E., Hetton, 24s 6di;
' Hytton, 22s 6d • IV. E., Lambton, 24i 3" sq,,s
' Stewart's 24s 6d ; W. E., Heselden, 223 ;.,,51.:/,
Stockton West Hartley; 18s ; W. E., Richardechfisi;a
22s ; W. E., Tees, 23s 6d ; Clackmannan, 163 ;sijaq
20s ; Hartley, I9s ; Lewiss Merthyr, 21s 3cl ;
Hartley, 19s.—Ships arrived since last day, 11' tots
A gentleman of Newcastle lately underc,co
wager of 501., to walk three miles on ther° 0;05
near that town, in thirty minutes, and 101 r
se'nnight he accomplished .the task with ease
and 30 sec.—Durham Advert iser.

The Hon. H. T. Liddell, M.P., has arrived at Ha-.
vensworth Castle from Ealington House, on a visit tc his
noble and venerable parents, Lord and Lady
worth. During Christmas holydays Ravenswoe:a Castle
will be full of viathora, and old English hospitto , Wit •,1
be dispensed in bounteous profusion..

BIRTH of°
& the i
On the 4th inst., at Haughend, Yorkshire, lScl web
11
K. Clarke, Esq., of a daughter. 13*
On the 4th inst., at Hampstead, the lady of 1' T,
Esq., of a daughter. Ar Atibe°
On the sth, nst., at Lecroft Lodge, Hurst, •—rs" ttis
Creasy, of a daughter. - +9s.Perl4 ,j,
On the 6th inst., at Omega-terrace, 'lgen:a,. ~ p-.
lady of R. T. Swinnerton Dyer, Esq., of a &ugh.' of
Camp if,
On the 6th inst., at Grove-hill-terrace, Y
,
wife of Alfred Sadlow, Esq., of a son. Alicireif
On the 7th inst., at Sise-lane, the lady 0'
Brandram, Esq., of a daughter. ird, 00
On the 7th inst.,at Stamford-hill, Mrs. J. Bern the P'''
On the 7th inst., at Barnsbury-park,
the Rev. Daniel Wilson, of a son. of AP
Islingt°°' .AO
the lad,
On the 7th inst.. in Lowndes-square,
Walford, Esq., of a son

iii°
MARRIED. gl.gter
On the sth irst., at All Saints, Southanipt°ll...,e t,,
Ellis, to Mr. CI larks C. Luckombe, of Doughty-0- foie
lenbrgh-sua'e, Londo. ~, Ige ntr f
0,
Onu q f
the sth inst., atn Trinity Church, Gra4ar, e
Felicia EMMP, only daughter of the late 11.1&0140, 044
12th Bengal Native Infantry, to Evan D. iv
Union-street, Southwark. Of
land and N ova : DIED. th egos'/#
JaChlmestiihreor,th nit., at Moffat, Dumfriegadre' onat °f
t $
ens°
On the Ist of October last, in India, Liegt _goat
21. wrhg."
Maxwell Irving, of the Madras ArtillerT, aged
litincto.t,ißa.aron of Colstoun, and a 13ar
dota
On al e 26th ult., at Hastings, _gn 944
late of the 42d Highlanders. 'th )I°6 ,
On ti te 30th ult., at Henfield, Nelson Sall .. f,44
.il,
litiete
st-,trgeoi 1, aged 46. 5 •,.
k:)n the 2d inst., Harriot, the wife of Jarne _,
of p. ark-lane, Piccadilly. .160 V)
~^..' OVP 19/
''.
. '.'''.."......"....^'."--
. INV- 01$O. 1 ft
Major Maar
Loplz,in, Printed Ind Published by AlLy. oiiice,t/
, 11., s `;,-TST, ft, Printer. at Tle ,!`?, ", to -
.r ,t I tie Proclitzel; ....t tt.c :4:lt'crl• 1"
---, 1,
Dliddi ce 2,37 1 Tuesday, December 10, 1844