The Sun.
London, England, 1826-06-19 00:00:00

were absolved _from obedience to their lords. The
Manifesto further declares that both classes of peasants
most submit to the obligations hitherto imposed on
them, or he. punished with the utmost seventy of the
law

_ .
New York Papers to the 24th May, have come to 1
hand, but their contents are uninteresting. It appears
that Congress was on the point of adjourning to the
month of December
Yonx.=Accounts from Alaranham to the 17th ult.. re-
present that the markets at that place were low for American pro-
duce ; cotton ind hides very scarce.. - Freights so low that a num-
ber of English vessels, after lying there three or four months, were
obliged to leave without any, not being worth the expente of
loading. Letters received from the 'southern port, end from Para,
stated the markets to be very dull for all kinds of American
produce. .

It i,3 amusing to observe the difficulty which fo-
reigners find in their 'endeavours to understand the
inconsistencies between the theory and the practice of
many parts of our national system, and to reconcile
the apparent departures from the spirit of our Con-
stitution, with that wonderful stability which they
perceive that it possesses, and of which indeed the
trials of the last thirty-five years have given pretty
strong proof. •They are generally unable to appre-
ciate the effect of the mellowing hand of time,- if time
he allowed to work ; and the vast difference between
the application of the same theoretical principles, by
rude beginners, or by long habituated practitioners.
It is wirticUlarly to the
,composition and organization
of the third estate, that most trying portion of a
mixed Government, that these remarks apply. In all
the countries which have sought to follow the example
of England, and to adopt, at least in part, the con-
stitution under which she has attained so unequalled
a degree of prosperity, some uniform rules have been
laid down for the Elections of the Representatives of
the Peole, throughout all the parts of the realm ;
and in France, for instance, there can be no variety

in the different bodies of electors beyond the local one
existing between the inhabitants of large towns and
those of the country. This is perfectly natural, and
the wisdom of man would probably never have ima-
gined the expediency of the " tesselated pavement,"
as our House Of. Commons has been called.' Hap-
'pity, however, for England, time and circumstances
have done for her what it would be too presumptuous
to ascribe solely to the wisdom of her children. No
other system has yet stood the test of experience.
A third eitate, formed upon uniform Kinciples, has
either been the tyrant and destroyer, or the tool and
victim of the other estates ; and we are still to learn
whether the rule may not be a lasting one. In our
happy island, that exquisite variety winch would have
been so little thought of by a theorist, guards alike
against' each extreme ; every interest and every in-
fluence is introduced into our third :estate ; and the
equilibrium which all legislators have so much desired,
and which Montesquieu and many others have fancied
to exist in the balance of our three estates, has in
reality been attained in the internal balance existing
in the third., It is' with a strong sense of the im-
mense advantages actually resulting front such a system,
that we now turn to a lighter consideration of the sub-
ject, and indulge a smile at the variegated hues of our
electors and elected. In more places than one, in.
higher representations than boroughs, we see many
elected who are shrewdly suspected of owing their re-
turn to the good wishes of certain Members of the
Upper House, who are, of tonne, excluded from all
intefference in the selection of the Members of the
Lower ; in sonic placei, it is riot a Peer indeed, who
is charged with prompting the return, but some rich
commoner, whose voice is most potential in the road
to the senate ; in others, a sung little knot of gentle-
men form it corporation, carefully locked up against
new comers, and compose a body of electors as --here-
ditary as that of the. old German Empire (the three
spiritual ones excepted). In some places, where the
people reight really be supposed to be the-constituents,
it turns' out that a
,dozen of tradeimen lay their heads
together and give the law to a herd of humble fol-
lowers ; whilst, lastly, in many other •'quarters, we do
see the pure spirit of the law and constitution, exerted
in the free votes of respectable freeholders or citizen:,
without observing much difference between the repre-
sentatives of these latter electors and, those of the other
constituent bodies (or individuals) before alluded to.
FrOrm such modes of nomination,. an' agreeable variety
occurs in the nominees. The Nabob, arrived from
India last month, may get a seat in the House as well
as the country gentleman whose ancestors have , for
ages represented the same county : the banker, the
merchant, the lawyer, the military or the naval officer,
those who have money without talent, and those who
have talents without money, all may get in. Every
party and every interest is represented, and, to use the
words of the.most distinguished' Member of the House
in question, the system works

The prevalence of a malignant species of small-pox,
in the course of last year, and the number of cases
which. proved fatal,,gave rise, both in this country and
in France, to an unfounded alarm in the minds of
many pers,ons, regard to the benefits of Vaccination
notwithstanding the opinions in its favour so often ex-
pressed by all the most eminent medical men. In
England, the matter, was fully discussed, and the
merits of Vaccination:conclusively asserted, in the last
Annual Report of the National Vaccine Board to the
Secretary of State. At Paris, it appears that three
Physicians undertook to make personal enquiries, at
every house in which a person, who had fallen a victim
to the small-pox, had resided; they have lately pub-
lished a report of their visitation, accompanied by six
large sheets, containing the names and residences of
all the individuals ; and the result is pronounced to
be, an additional assurance, that if Vaccination does
not, in every case, altogether preclude the possibility_
of receiving the infection of the small-pox, its efficacy
is Certain in deprivingthat fatal disease,of all dangerous
malignity.

ll‘leBti ,instant,rleeiveti iiatnburghper
paps,' this, nagroing to
the
. bringing accounts frotn St. Pettus-
burgh tottbe 31st May, by which it ppears, that the
(Uovemor,. of the. Military ColOrties, and the Poet
X
Sell"""KY, the tutor of the young Duke A/4 -
4--" R, hftveboth gone on,their trellis for the titte.
fit Of their health,
.tboughn'Ot,::tor the satisfaction of
their feel in OS.
~1: iP They are. going to tape the baths for
their recovery, ami , *ttip. their:soises in forgetful.
1 ness." if ambition (1t) n, •

Jot
ert4 tlOll, t lingering Mob behind."
It appear; twit the slibsetio,ion.-.Bedin :ttle,
Greeks amounted to 100, pllivs;4 fortikigbMg?.
Great damage 1 1
Jac. bAen Flo yy thunder P.ollll* I
the 111. 01.111t41111i Of StleSial by,ri44,llol,4oromUlliCitiOni
• •