The Sun.
London, England, 1845-01-29 00:00:00

Manor, a pittui7:77.•••
ption Chieflyfeetin of portraits of the most emincut men of
the p day. His present collection of pictures at
pets
the manor is already among the largest, if not the lar-
of modern date in this country, and it is constantly
tieing extended. The new
est manner with c gallery will be fitted up in the
noir preparing.
Ile/larced oak and polished marble,

LONDON AND YORK RAILWAY.

authority of the most eminent engineers of the day,
that it will effect any saving of time—in fact, the
distance gained is mostly, if not entirely, gained
between London and Peterborough. In order to
understand this part of the case clearly it should be
viewed solely with reference to a direct communica-
tion between London and York, that is, irrespective
of branches, regarding the main line from London to
York on the one hand, and the direct extension of
existing lines on the other.
The direct line from London to York will be 188
miles. Its cost (of this main line alone), in the esti-
mation of the most eminent engineers, cannot be less
than the whole of their assumed capital of 5,000,0001.
The extension of the Northern and Eastern line
from Cambridge to the York and North Midland at
Monk Frysbone, will be 132 miles, the cost 1,950,0001.
It should be borne in mind that to complete the
chain of railway communication between Ipswich,
Harwich, Colchester, Stowmarket, Bury St. Ed-
mund's, Newmarket, and Cambridge, a line must be
made from Cambridge to Peterborough ; whilst from
the north, to give the desired communication between
the manufacturing districts and Lincolnshire, a line
must also be made from Bawtry to Lincoln ' • there
would still be wanting a line from Lincoln to Peter-
borough, to perfect the entire chain of railway com-
munication ; and that line must be made in order to
accommodate the heart of Lincolnshire.
Again I must refer your readers to the map; they
will perceive at a glance that there must be one
line of continuous railway from Bawtry, by Lincoln,
through the heart of Lincolnshire, by Peterborough
and Cambridge, to Lond m, and I am sure, if they are
not Proprietors in the Witham Navigation, or unfor-
tunate Shareholders in the London and York, they
will acknowledge that another new, expensive, and
entirely competing line from Bawtry to London can-
not be justified on any ground of national importance,
and cannot hold out any reasonable prospect of return
to the Proprietors.
The third point of inquiry in the memorandum
issued by the Board of Trade is, as to the amount of
advantage afforded to the towns and districts more
immediately affected.
If we take up the London and York line from its
London terminus, and trace the route to Peterborough
in connexion with other existing and projected lines,
we find that the towns and districts which it would
accommodate may be otherwise provided for at much
less expense, and, consequently, to their much greater
advantage Hitchin and Biggleswade may be accom-
modated by the Eastern Counties projected extension
from Ware to those places; Bedford by the projected
branch to that town from the London and Birming-
ham Railway; St. Neot's and Huntingdon by the
projected line from Ely to Bedford, which will inter-
sect the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lincoln
at St. Ives ; Peterborough, by the Cambridge and
and Lincoln line ; proceeding northwards from Peter-
borough we find that Stamford will be accommodated
by the Syston and Peterborough line, and the branch
from the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lincoln,
uniting it with its ancient natural port of Spalding;
Newark, by the projected extension line from Not-
tingham to Lincoln, leaving Grantham the only place
of any note which will not be accommodated by lines
actually projected and now under the consideration
of the Board of Trade ; surely no man in his senses
Kill say that a parallel and competing line of railway
from Bawtry to London is required for the accom-
modation of Grantham, which might be united by a
branch to the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lin-
coln line.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sir,—The Times of the 24th inst. contained an
advertisement on the part of the London and York
Railway Company directing the attention of its
readers to a statement of the merits of their under-
taking to be published in Herapath's Railway Journal
of Saturday last; that statement, as embodied in a
leading article of the journal, headed London and
York Railway, is now before the public, and deserves
the most serious consideration on the part of those who
have embarked their money in any one of the
various projects for accelerating the communication
between the metropolis and the north.
lam surprised that the writer of the article in ques-
tion should have felt it difficult to enter on a matter
of :;0 tai,eli importance as a new line of railway to
York, when he was able to demonstrate so clearly as
he has done the necessity which exists for a new line
of railway, east of the existing lines, to accommodate
the extensive and productive district lying to the
north of Cambridge; his difficulty was not to demon-
strate the necessity for such new line of railway, hut
to show that the project of the London and York was
the one best adapted for the purpose ; this was the
difficulty with which he had to grapple, and that he
felt it to he no inconsiderable one is clear from the
candid admission he afterwards makes, viz.—" We
could have wished, and so we have repeatedly said
in this journal, and to the promoters of the London
and York line privately, that it had started from Cam-
bridge or Ware, and gone into the York and North
Midland at Burton Salmon."
I freely admit that a new line of railway to the
east of the existing lines north of Cambridge is re-
quired, and I could wish, with the writer of the article
in question, that it should start from Cambridge and
go into the York and North Midland. I never could
see why the new line should start from London and
terminate at York—why an immense outlay of capi-
tal should be made and important existing interests
be most deeply and injuriously affected, for objects
which can be much better attained at less than halt
the cost and without detriment to any interests ; it is a
case which more than any other-demands the dispas-
sionate consideration of an impartial tribunal, and I
am confident that no array of names, no extent of in-
fluence, no tact in getting up deputations or memo-
rials, will operate on the minds of the Railway Com-
missioners of the Board of Trade, or withdraw their
attention from the real merits cf the case, and a just
appreciation of the many important interests involved
in it.
In the memorandum issued by the Board of Trade
to the public several points were enumerated as those
into which inquiry would be made. It may not be
unprofitable to your readers, at least to that portion
of them who are interested in the question, to advert
to those points, and to consider in how far the scheme
of the London and York Company is calculated to
satisfy the inquiries of the Board of Trade.
The first point is as to the ability and bona fide in-
tention of the promoters to prosecute their application
to Parliament in the next session fora Bill to autho-
rise the undertaking.
I will assume, as I have no doubt is the case, that
the ability and bona fide intention of the promoters
of the Bill to prosecute their application to Parlia-
ment in the next session, is unquestionable.
The second point is, as to the advantages to be ob-
tained in a national point of view, in completing or
extending important lines of railway communication.
The scheme of the London and York Company is
neither the completion nor the extension of an im-
portant line of railway communication ; on the con-
trary, it involves the construction of 3.i0 miles of
railway, wholly independent of; and to a great extent
competing with, other existing lines, whilst, from the
vast amount of capital which must be expended in its
construction, the number of tunnels, viaducts, high
embankments, and deep cuttings, which are requisite
to give it a gradient of one in 200, it cannot hold out
any commensurate advantages to the public.
In a national point of view, we may consider the
scheme under three di-tinct heads :-
1. As a new and independent line from London to
Peterborough.
2. As connecting the fertile districts of Lincoln.
shire with the southern and eastern parts of the king-
dom, and with the manufactures and coal fields of the
north and west.
3. As facilitating the communication between the
iitetroplis and the north of England and Scotland.
As a new line from London to Peterborough it is
wholly unnecessary; no one can trace its route be-
een the London and Birmingham Railway on ti.e
one side and the Northern and Eastern on the other,
without involuntarily exclaiming, why did it not start
from Cambridge ? It is evident from the nature of
the country it will traverse, that it must be most ex-
pensive and difficult in its construction ; the first 30
miles from London will require an enormous outlay of
capital, then it will pass through some of the finest
garden land in England, and, after all, it will be a
competing line with an existing and important rail-
way, which has the strongest and most unequivocal
claims to the protection of the Board of Trade and of
Parliament.
In short, any one who takes a map of the country
in his hand, and traces the proposed new line between
London and Peterborough, must perceive that it is
wholly uncalled for by local wants, and cannot be re-
garded otherwise than as a wanton interference with
private property, and an unjustifiable invasion of the
rights and interests of others, without affording any
adequate advantages to the public. The promoters of
the undertaking may disregard the wishes and the
private remonstrances of individuals, but they cannot
escape the control of public opinion and the calm and
deliberate judgment of a competent and impartial
tribunal.

PLANDEI7IBH-ir-AIL.
(RECEIVED THIS DAY.)
, BRUSSELS, JAN. 95.—The general discussion of
nthe
?nadget of' the Minister or the Interior has been cossrtsi-.
~ned to -day in the chamber of Representatives. Me •
and
b4o,frachmidt,Verbsegen, anci the Ministers ofvcs.
Finance
'llelle Works successively addressed the Chamber; the
het of the sitting was taken up
IPectin.g personal matters. with explanations re-
o_Tileir "Loyal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of
laze Cobonrg will leave the Ito,n! Palace of T.ncken or
Monday evening at six o'clock: by a SpkTial train, for
Valenciennes, and arrive at Paris the following day.
„Letters from Vienna, of the 18th January, say that
~13 rfighness Duke Ferdinand of Saxe Cobourg, brother
i'.:t2;e King of the Belgians, fatlur of the King of Poe-
i 840., who resides in this capital, has been for some
dr_ . . es
1 #is ser onsly ill, and that even fears were entertained
rle't b. lif T"' la 0. xapresses have been sent to the sons of the
.Ignst patient, at Paris and Lisbon ; Prince Leopold,
.18 YoUngest son, is the only member of his family now
iwith bio.
, It seeing that the traffic on the railway, which is ini
e*titriltapiteedh,hy.,the falling of the earth in the Tunnel 0
•.n as expected.
measures , wvlll. not be resumed
so
foods and Passen
gers bt,
~,a,ae been taken to convey t,
tapalec.,cuaar means till the tunnel shall be cleared and
...Cosistr,,,
h --11Nons. j it.: 8 The negotiations relative
twictrh_ettransit of EnglishAle.tt:n; and passengers tharocuoenh.
ei'branare at length
„ht to a conclusion, by
114,1 bae "ten Slehetnet Ali anti ?Jr. Bourne.,. which.
mai it itti
to to the
~_,r
office for ratification.
London Post
traei,transif tea
een.,,t_ be in furce for five years from Slay-, 1845.
ii'al'ug to.the conditions of this convection the con-
!).11/flish las-7Pt, founded by Alehemet Ali, and the
being, on the one hand, the Egyptian
b.eh:4l,h °-aL„A'ciLue,,e on the other, the English Mail bags
„'"'Lea b 8:„-'4 tor the sake of security, and accorne-
‘-onve,ydb"'" offieer of the English Post office, and to b
I.,„rote Ale xf„,t,1:19 tgyptien Company, and at its expense,
", Alez,,,,""ria to Suez, in 58 hours, and from Suez
;about t„--,,-',"a in 52 ht; rs. Forty
sitiit
07 R knell francs) are to be paid for every pound
Egyptian piastreds
Pi ' toglish letters, and five paras for every news-
il l/tellers° tt OP!, tian Post-office engages to forward tra-
ill 6°, a-,,°,iug,_b ,e,B alicedily and safely as the means a
• tarollk„
~... snau permit. The latter to have the righnte,
liteatte4req,9 not with to go by the Egyptian Post-offi_ r
bkareysaireni Alexandria to Cairo, to take any other
.I,_.9f9ptitt,ep, they think proper ; but it is reserved to the
'twee - Company to provide alone for the conveyance
slaetvn Cairo and Sez. This monopoly which con-
stttletulAYiiicreases the expense of the travellers, Me-
'e tray.it Iltnta to his corn mn only because he says
detroseartt.h.eleeftoneroeunildniTst
they one
duly protected
of. elle transit
veyance
bee., ett throu ' dtles onelYill giogohdts meet
nwointh in the
Nee
,g.a Lgypt is confided to the Post-office,
,thle i ti,,,,,ept, are reduced to one-half per cent. of the
11--111133ellrelittrtr°e1 3 Fr cent fixed by the English-Turkish
„'wtleair,, a iitttY in 1843, a concession which shews
6L''' his po-tut"..c:r
_hetnet Ali is to promote the advantage
"41.11eed h.. increased but which will be nearly
.ri) nereased charges for carriage. counter-
Actual/71)T:
2/"%ui1318.-AusTE.DAm, Jas. 24.
Money. Bills.
, 64%
itto 3 ' per
Cent.... ... ••• • • 641,
,n •
bitto. • l'er Cent ..••••••• • • • • • • • • . 781 i •::
Ditto' ; Der Cent..• . ..... •
.. ...... .. 9334 '3'
4,,,,,rt per Cent.. ..... .. •.. ....... 99% 100
Ditto )311191e' 4% Der Cent ......... 99% I°%
Coria,ie:, 0 Per cent.... • • ......•
ceh,..katt tudcaLeoraPany, 4% per Cent . • 147% 147%
~,1ea....-uan. per Cent— •••• . • • • ____
20
. .111,knrnelonn, one tnonth ..... • 11.! 15
~.-kt alah°t..th..':: :::::-. - -
Hamburgh......
c.p:zuis-......
....,,,,,,..
, • • • • ..... • • • •
"4 Dap% 'two montn. . .
, , Jan. 25. •• " "
5 'ITSTRIAIi F ••
Der cent ,41 ITNDs.-vissNA, JAN. 21. •
4 Per ce„t• ' etalueues.....• ... ....... It i%
p„,. et_ • (1!tto . • • .... .. .. .. •• • • .... lot %
Leto 1844 aat0...........
.....
........ 78
L tot 1839............... .................... 7
h$ yea ............... .... ••• . .. 1624
.w,.ne ztt"Y a Loitn
..
.....
..
___
.... tAnig, Jan. 24. .....
• ...
....
cstj4QTA
Actkal ic, N. FIYNI)B.-riarSSEL$ Jew. 25.
Loito.
of
11;3 Loan, Five
hottisewilt' 2% Per cent ......'.....
per cent ........ -
bitt„„, ttY Millons, Four per Cent .. • • 98%
bate;
Ditto ~„.ee Per Cent. ..... ..........
Ditto ,tift37-seven Millions, ditto ..... . 77%
.itto, 1840. .... ... ..... ........ 103%
DittDitto 4 0,1842.... •• . ....... .... • ... 102%
o 1 the City. 1843 . ..... .. • . ...... 103
`,trek, ta . 832
.......
RI Pap,,°rll,ekintn ••• • "
r
'ea. 27 . ..... - " • • ' • '
1' ea , •
fit. sell N PITXDB.--13111iLIN, JAN. 21.
ki'''l34. Eld B'll, a% D C
"tilt, -/eh aglish 3i Per ..... •... tot ,
,ti 99%
Bin.. Money
Iraq pi, Je op London 2,401 4 per Cent.. _ .
-.alien a Janoil .....•• • 6 24 Xj
Azette . 22.
P
to *Zit kat.
tstS'teeti,,,°ra all 4°l' EtatoPE.---Alr. 1V .id, of the Strati,
Y with 4,,ZllErs owe a dt•bt of gratitude for tli
teatt.sll),,,lllilie,lti 1 h routes are laid down in his au.
i'cl Re, "erripe"s' has just sent forth a p-st mar, of
'',., stie,,tP with
.°4 a large B.llle, Leamifull) engraved,
with t mislol„,, mich carp, that reliance can be put upon
, tifety. is ala ti bearings calculated with ease and
!he 44'1111 disci/30 Posts, roads, railways, packet routes,
ti.:earobEr
a,•actly marked and laid down, and though
411161. 'tees and tt.
this tb e, Of
- ...e number of names are almost
it kt all eo f 3". are so well defined end so clearly set
4ts, t 1) before'l !talon is avoided. The inquirer, with
tiff:t.sulltevottli-,,0, bitnl,o.san plainly trace any road he may
ellttill ,I ibPare rah '!lcb he may design to travel upon.
, ~*li.t is ative distances, and form a just no-
ef ft of at
Places, best route for his progress. The
tliilkicieolll,ll.--°,ot.?? importance stand-out-in bold re
tie Pepe tse pE;ititners of less conseqeer,ce,
ti at are cora 1"8 nf the great cities and towns of
and thus at
ilttilt,eesaittoductZiadecl by the eye. The meridian lines
uv'evei.l4l•Y basks 41.3c1 the map is, therefore, free from
IN,. karkett a In the surface ; the degrees are,
'adititli b °a the sides, se that the longitudinal
Po ...z. earings may easily be calculated, if it be
tl,4llkkow 14'el.
vtklivy 0111014. Es
ale .auneit , ."--The Lords of the Committee of
i,ti pm,re or T.rade having had under considers.
122,4,as ..f 0 eatations addressed to them and to the
,:ttitt4Poste 80;1.111:3' from the importers of Vegetables
14. N 'lt 07, k coatiiii)lekling them for home conuption,
t,,,,,,,i . sew , uance of the duty of 5/. per cent. ad
vkli:.4 1p saltvegetableS 110 t otherwise enumerated,
2,, on, knd w
Iltlt kith-4 pipiti t.er, or slightly salted for the
14 Ait °Ned glee in this country, their Lordships
4*tt tetlp the (to . . ,
er4,.plki etiot, of
,1 • nartussioners of the Customs to
tp:itlp Itlg With "my on pickles preserved in vinegar,
101.1,e,0f the
~t, . that made last session on the im-
Olt thr INN,' tiele of vinegar itself, v:z., from is. 6d.
a„Ptrite,'o 4nyeh4l4l to levy upon vegetables preserved
%,,,N te t, ed,;,„lrged on cucumbersio reserved, viz ,
4.),,14ttpa tile iy`ereat. These ap licatiPons have been
I,lti °Nat e4sntY and BoardP of Trade in eon-
Nllls ehl44 tioeol,4tti.der issued by the Customs authorities
Ipis!Nettatbctl witilillt cauliflowers in salt and water were
4A 4 Oth le° so i tit/ as " pickles" per gallon, and
IptitlN i *Nig, InPorted to be chard. ed accordingly,
k,lsrit k •tated, 8„,4,
.g
chile,,e '0 the `',..10
so 41.. as citron, cucumbers., &c.,
kl`kkttiel,.l3raetioc, "(11Strued in their regard in op-
lel a al4 ou,,_. PreVioUsly observed with respect
jiv op h. 84 /4 g,vauo,
ilLhll,7l,l,lLreftla4cltitrAltir Fort IRELAND --Viscount
,c„.-,,,p1bi.„.,
oflerleotSee.re,taryship of Ireland, on the
-I I, tl test j • wls.nng to plunge Liverpool in
IRELAND.--
b tat. At t,..,... fps now 6
1,,1t ,tii4(ti tti4 ti.,, s,tlid, with every semblance
It
,at ad teat
appoint n• Sir Thomas Promantl,-- hr:.s
44:14iti at Ith e IlleAt 1). 84' It ola.rt Pel. 11 e
Ntletkiititl 444 e xpress was forw rd d t Sir Robe t
qt,ll:l\s° thnketle, List evening, fro na °Sir Thomas
, 419 p_44l iteeett few hours will set at rest all specu.
vitib ape?. ptiag of the
Irish Secretaryship.-
114.eNe4 lit 4
tote its, lad , D0c..... c,
kilt elpti .quabie bland oaturday last, a fine
I‘4,IANI t 4. 'ag to la og, of the Newfoundland
kti/1° pitll6calli' by dr7l:. Floyd, solicitor, Holmfirth,
0,414 biltetipa,ek uf its %_'lling, itself in the river which
cZeilop olhe ttrii,..?sivil r s habitation. For some
Tl'iattif.'46 Pattie sZ seemed less animated than
Tt Ilk lis 1144 the war °ccasion he was noticed to
, !szt pa, tall,
ter and eedeer(,
is‘VlNbitt trot th ' I4ess of the 1p ur to sink by
e stre.
legs and feet. Being
SNI 4 1,41 40 coo Bain, the dog was tied up for a
qa, kif ~.),,,Iviit,,,,
..!_iheen
.released than he again
ItiZeV.,p,r.t 4ein Thi.'"iLleuttgain tried to sink, and was
;Ili litkr!ll Viio:,:ie rred many times, until at
itt4,l4/11:t odor°Y dint ot,P,!ated efforts appeared to get
kt is a t„,
."elni,g his head determinedly
.. lh.t NAj!et, f.w. talnutes succeeded at last in o
NI,: ";_. 11, caserAllen taken out tl •he •
I, rti„" ti„ is
as
't4:l(ti `".../. ' gatie,, ,worth recording, as affording
1114,,, eeri, /74
,;1! sheet and bagacity of the
ij"' To 1,11 c',igencer.
kt
ki
,tit pori_ II LA.s.r 1...._8*
t4`i!ete! Ij. ''ses to a . • ir James Graham's
'l4 'Are •sl, ' tteetioo „ PPOlnt a " Council Of Health
tps_llt
ties l'ltit,t)!ir trot,‘ , tb consist of the folloaing
1 AttittaalNitted; It'gißnd, four fro rn Scotland,
'tilellts'lti
40:7114veritihe.tit arnalraev°in!,olEven this
most could
I.:iikilcill.ill zi Sp, 111tY for Irela e.nt and gr-
i,kl,_ 4 ~-ittel, tehl Seho, 1 , Pa. Because we have
,i, -sti ,J L 1,,h • • ' winch stand in European
itt t iese countries,
lot ,a pi, tap oe, er then
any . I
'llt,,Nttiii (Veil (x! t"naher letsslaiinotihe Council than
I.'kte-ittkiikels% iog;eatlatid i.
f!lN))tat,'lta forrir!itY hose Ministe;leh'343; Iiii"i:11.
lit t'it 1! Y•- ttiA! -.Dublin Pilot. a
tpt I‘,.)iyi,,':-,tt To 4ILLEGEI) Vi
44'44:04
~,,,uatti r.,
arses a ,•,... • . oLIaNcE AT
h,, 63% yetctiasl ok -tirtFr, the ~,,,ig inquir took place
~,.! h, Nth g the 4.,(*Ster I,llv ~oroner fortas Surrey-,
lt‘ l' I, , ‘vil . meath n ern,
.On-ro w N ''
kl.,s,erif tilt le:lllllll4vitivia°tilit
wwaos
aTitergaar.et 4,(!nefs, a'getlefilfitlyg
vili,),,
ulitt:,topelitt is gel:to: cliildi
ed
srteorca.violeAlee
lottill..,,tlllii Q.,:,iittritteted...„,the shine II -/
evidence- * adduced
eAst:! 147' Ni,,N
eair Lambeth Policeeourt,on,
of
v• 11140 de Worth. Ftl kr. Barn
!de„,"ltntil or ii;:kd tht.°4l, Ote 'f the ard BL9dady, of
,0
thtam 4, et 4,
.L0dy.dt....., bad
1111 e paaroo,•,titi 1
tur..
kr'R-4 v'llt44 04Pdting the 1119 re were no oct 13 ' 114°1. em
fir}4l)g licetkt ditkrititl4, tll'`ilp ariliffritictsi cif a recent belrinsateri.narl la
It.irlT
~ttkiejtr3,l4.,....,e4brs,,ii,, 41nichuf lymph and water
~let,, t ~.. . ••,.., ad r.. w4s the result of
•411...;01\otql'ae Rota'
~ t all attributable to any-
‘t alt
ttlue,!amresth :kitekv 15' the brain tnight arise
ki.:all, Lao* it.elti tiotullrt*, The jury returned a
444.011t.e1rq• the fo:l4astpdy 7.01 eauses.”
L.
tt, 1)014.°P of th, sr ,t.b.o supposed mu rder
situate
ien",,,t)
,1 t*,:r the gene
`l"llP'l'Place, Great

The loop from Bawtry by Gainsborough, Lincoln,
Boston, and Spalding, to Peterborough on the one
hand, and to Sheffield and Wakefield on the other, is
designed to connect Lincolnshire with the manufac-
turing and mineral districts. The writer in the
Journal in reference to this loop says—" Its great
merit appears to be, that it furnishes a direct commu-
nication north and south for the chief towns of Lin-
colnshire, and at the same time affords them the
means of sending their produce to the largest markets,
and furnishes an outlet for the extensive manufactur-
ing districts through and to which the Manchester
and Leeds, and Sheffield and Manchester Railways
go; we look, therefore, upon the line, without the
loop, to be an imperfect work, and but very indiffe-
rently filling up the great chasm left, or we may
rather say made, by the establishment of the present
railways."

••• • • 35 81
56

Thal the line, without the loop, would be imper-
fect, every one must admit—whether the loop will
give the most direct and the cheapest communica-
tion between Lincolnshire and the Manchester and
Sheffield and Manchester and Leeds Railways, and
whether it will aflbrd that accommodation to the traf-
fic between Lincolnshire and the manufacturing and
mineral districts which its great imporance demands,
are questions of serious moiLent, and it behoves those
who have embarked theic money in the London and
York scheme to ponder them well.
Facts and figures are stubborn things. As I have
before stated, the London and York Company, with
a view to connect the manufacturing districts with
Lincolnshire, propose to make the following branch
railways, viz.— .
From Bawtry to Sheffield .
From Doncaster to Wakefield l9 mi'es.
From the Wakefield branch into the York
and North Midland,to communicate with
Leeds . . 4 miles.

'••••••• 610

43 miles

The Midlands attain the same
object by two short branches
into existing lines, one from
Doncaster to Swinton.... 8 miles
The other from the North
Midland into the Manches-
ter and Leeds . 4 miles 12 miles

31 miles.
thus affecting a saving of 31 miles of railway without
materially, if at all, increasing the distance to be
traversed.

But this is not all—a single line of rails between
Lincoln, by Boston and Spalding, to Peterborough,
will not be sufficient for the traffic which, if it be the
only line through Lincolnshire, must come upon it. The
through traffic from Gainsborough and Lincoln, as
well as that from the fertile and populous district of
country to the north and south of the Witham, would
have no other outlet to the southern parts of the king.
dom, and persons going to and from London would
be taken round by Boston and Spalding; whilst,
after all, the heart of the country, the district along
which its population is chiefly collected, would derive
no advantage whatever from the line.
Of the two principal towns on the route between
London and York, Cambridge and Lincoln, one is
wholly disregarded, and the other hut very imper-
fectly accommodated, by the proposed scheme of the
London and York Company. Cambridge, including
its University, containing 29,000 inhabitants, but the
population of Cambridge gives a most inadequate idea
of the passenger traffic of the place; it is the fre-
quent resort of visitors from all parts of the kingdom,
anti three-fourths of the members of the University
being from the northern parts of the kingdom it has
especial claims to the most direct and the cheapest
lines of railway communication with the north. This
important town and University are altogether disre-
garded by the London and York Company, and with
respect to Lincoln, the advantages to be conferred,
are of a very secondary kind—a circuitous communi-
cation with the metropolis, and by a single line of
rails to Peterborough, crossing the important drains
and navigations which intersect the fen lends at right
angles, and affording no communication with, or ac-
commodation to, Deeping, Bourn, Folkingham, Slea-
ford, and the numerous and populi us villages which
occupy the margin or table land which separates the
high ground on the west of Lincolnshire from the fen
n the east.

As a means of connecting the fertile districts of
Lincolnshire with the southern and eastern ports of
the kingdom, and with the manufactures and the coal
fields of the north and west, the London and York
line is badly conceived, and cannot stand in com-
parison with other projects fer attaining the same
objects.

It wholly disregards Cambridge, the most important
and populous town between London and York, which
has always been the centre of traffic for all the sur-
rounding districts, and ought to be on the direct line
of any railway communication between the metro-
polis and the north, and between the fertile plains of
Lincoln and the parts of Ipswich and Harwich;
moreover, in a national and commercial point of view,
the metropolitan terminus of the London and York
line will be in no respect equal to the termini of the
Eastern Counties Railway. The Tottenham and
Farringdon-street Junction will afford the most cen-
tral and convenient terminus in London, its well for
passengers as for the traffic of the agricuitur.l coun-
ties, whilst the Thames Junction Railway and the ex-
tension of it to the river side, opposite Woolwich,
" will afford to the Government the terminus of a rail-
way placed practically at the doors of Woolwich
Arsenal ;" in addition to which a junction could be
readily effected between the Eastern Counties and
Blackwall Railways, so as to connect the manufactur-
ing districts with the docks.

As regards the communication between Lincoln-
shire and the manufacturing districts and coal fields
of the north, the promoters of the London and Yoi k
Company have entered into a conditional agreement
to buy up the Witham Navigation, and to construct
singlea line of railway along the banks of the river
Witham, from Lincoln to Boston, and from Boston
across the fen land, through Spalding, to Peterbo-
rough; from Lincoln by Gainsborough, Bawtry, and
Donca-ter, the line is common both to the London
and York and the Midlands; but to communicate
with the manufacturing districts and coal fields the
London and York propose to make a branch from
Bawtry to Sheffield of twenty miles, another from
Doncaster to Wakefield of nineteen miles, and a third
of four miles branching out of the Wakefield branch
into the York and North Midland, to communicate
with Leeds—in all forty-three miles of railway;
whilst-the Midlands propose to attain the same objects
by a branch of eight miles from Doncaster to Swin-
ton, and another of near four miles from the North
Midland to the Manchester and Leeds—in all twelve
miles of railway.
I am most anxious to avoid any mis-statement, or
o rive rise to any misconception on this most impor-
tant subject, but I ask your readers, who are inte-
rested, to refer to the published plans of the Company
and to judge far themselves. 1 maintain that a single
line of rails carried transversely across Lincolnshire,
from Lincoln to Boston, and thence by Spalding to
Peterborough, will not meet the wants, or accommo-
date the traffic, of that most fertile and productive
county; and that the proposed communication by the
London and York lines with the manufacturing and
mineral districts will be unnecessarily expensive, and
consequently disadvantageous to the community at
large. Neither the Board cf Trade nor the Houses
o. f Parliament can disregard these considerations, for
It there is one principle more than another which, in a
national point of view, should govern their decisions in
respect of competing lines of railway, it is that the
most direct and least expensive line, in connexion with
existing interests, should be preferred.
As facilitating the communication between London
and the north of England and Scotland, I admit at
once that the London and York scheme will-save.
eight or nine miles in the entire distance over any
route which can be laid down as an extension of the
Northern and gaatern line; but I deny, on the

I will reserve any remarks on the engineering cir-
cumst tnces of the line, and the cost of construction
and et traffic, and of working expenses, which cora-
' prise the rmnaining points of inquiry to be made by
the lit and of 'Trade, until the public has been fa-
voured with the promised observations on the charac-
ter and works of the London and York Railway. It
is nutter of notoriety that these works are of no
ordinary character, and I shrewdly suspect that the
author of the article in the Journal " who could have
wished that the line had started from Cambridge or
Ware, and gone into the York and North Midland at
Burton Salmon," and yet tells us " that he does not
see how under any circumstances it can be mended,"
will not be grievously disappointed if the publication
of the report of the Board of Trade on the Northern
and Eastern lines, in the course of the present week,
should relieve -him from the further prosecution of the
difficult task he has undertaken.
I have seen and read the memorial of the promoters
of the Cambridge and Lincoln Railway to the Board
of Trade, and the documents which accompanied it,
and I shall be glad to see them printed and submitted
to the test of public opinion, from a firm conviction
that they embody the strongest case which can be laid
before Parliament. The Cambridge and Lincoln line
does start from Cambridge ; it is the extension of
an important line of railway communication, one that
was contemplated by the Legislature when the Act
for making the Northern and Eastern Railway was
obtained; that Act, the 6 and 7 William IV., cap.
93, is thus entitled " An Act for making a Railway to
form a communication between London and Cam-
bridge, with the view of its being extended hereafter
to the northern and eastern counties of England."
It is not my intention, on this occasion, to set forth
the merits of the Cambridge and Lincoln line, or the
deep and lasting injury which the carrying out of
the London and York scheme would inflict on the
Eastern Counties proprietary ; I will merely observe
that the Cambridge and Lincoln line is the natural
trunk line for the district it will traverse ; that it
will form part of -a complete chain of railway -coin-
munication between London and York, much shorter,
in point of time, than by the existing railways, and
atterding the greatest amount of public accommoda-
tion with the least expenditure of capital; that whether

TFIE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 29, 1

viewed as an extension of the Northern and Eastern
Rai!way, or as a natural and proper line whereby the
Northern, Midland, and Eastern Counties may be
connected with each other, or as forming a connecting
link between the various railways, of which Cam-
bridge, St. Ives, Peterborough, and Lincoln will be
the respective centres, or as part of a cheap and in-
dependent line of railway between the metropolis and
the north, or as connecting the ports of the eastern
coasts and the metropolis with the markets, manu-
factures, and coal-fields of the north, it presents, from
its non-interference with existing interests, and the
small cost at which, from the nature of the district
traversed, it may be made, maintained, and worked,
advantages of paramount national importance, and
will afford a greater amount of public accommoda-
tion, for the outlay of capital, than any existing or
projected railway. It has, moreover, the cordial sup-
port of the Eastern Counties and Midland Companies,
who see in it the direct and cheap extension of their
own important lines of rail way communication, and
who have mutually entered into an arrangement with
the promoters of the Cambridge and Lincoln line,
which, whilst in every other respect it leaves each
company perfectly free and independent, provides in
the most complete manner for the regulation and for
speedy and cheap transit of the traffic over the entire
line from London to York. The time occupied in the
journey from London to York, including stoppages,
will not exceed seven hours, and the cost of transit
will he less than by any railway which can be con-
structed between the same termini.--I am, Sir, your
obedient servant,
OBSERVER.
Jan. 27, 1 8 4,5 .

THE ROYAL NAVY.
HER MAJESTY'S SHIP ALBION.
(From the Morning Poa.)
We are enabled to give the most unqualified contra-
diction to the gross misrepresentations that have been
made respecting this ship by the Morning Herald and
one or two other publications.
The following official report of her various capabilities,
signed by her captain, commander, master, and carpenter,
is a perfect refutation to the calumnious statements put
forth by these papers against her.—

HER MAJESTY'S SHIP ALBION.
A report of the sailing and other qualities of this ship,
ascertained under various circumstances, and from
strict observations, between the Ist of January, 1844,
and the 31st of December, 1844.
The draught of water which was estimated by the
constructor to be her best trim?—Forward 23 ft.
Aft 24 ft.
The draught of water found on trial to be her best
sailing trim, with three mouths' provisions and stores on
board ?—Forward... 23 ft.
Aft ...... 24 ft. 2 in.
The draught of water found on trial to he her best
sailing trim, with as much provision on board as she can
conveniently stow ?—Forward... 23 ft. 5 in.
Aft 24 ft. 7 in.
The rake of her masts from a perpendicular ?
Foremast....,. in. in a fathom.
Alaininast 111 ditto.
Atztnrnast ... 11 ditto.
The necessary quantity of iron ballast for her ?
Thirty tons.
The quantity of water she stows in her fore and main
holds ?-396 tons in iron tanks.
18 tons in casks.

CO UIRT CIRCULAR.
WINDSOR, TuzsDAY.--The Queen and Prince Albert
took their usual early walk in the grounds adjoining
the Castle and in the Home Park this morning. On
the return of her Majesty and the Prince his Royal
Highness left the Castle on a shooting excurson in the
royal preserves, accompanied by the Marquis of
Douro, and attended by Mr. Anson, Colonel Bouverie,
and Captain Meynell.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the
Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, were taken
for walking and pony exercise this morning. His
Royal Highness Prince Alfred has also been taken
an airing to- day.
The Right Hon. Sir R. Peel left the Castle early
this morning for town, and returned this evening to
dinner.

414
Her draught of water with three months' provisions
and stores on board ?—Forward 23 ft.
Aft
Height of ports with three months' provisions and
stores on board ?—Midship port, 6 ft. 9i in.
Draught of water with as much provisions and stores
on board as she can conveniently stow ?-110rward
23 ft. 5 in. ; Aft 24 ft. 7 in.
Height of ports, with as much provisions and stores
on board as she can conveniently stow ?—Midship port,
6 ft. 6 in.
How many days of the following articles can she con-
veniently stow for her complement of men ?
Provisions 6 months.
Spirits
Water
Coals 8 ditto
How armed ?—On lower deck 28 guns, 32-pounders,
56 cwt., 9 ft. 6 in. in length ' • and 4 guns, 68-pounders,
65 cwt., 9 feet in length. Main deek, 26 guns, 32-
pounders, 56 cwt., 9 ft. 6 in., and 6 guns, 68-pounders,
65 cwt., 9 feet. Quarter deck, 16 guns, 32 pounders,
42 cwt., 8 ft. 6 in. ; and 2 guns, 68-pounders, 56 cwt.,
8 feet. Forecastle, 8 guns, 32-pounders, 42 cwt., 8 ft. 6 in.
Does she ride easy at her anchors ?—Very easy.
Inclination of the ship ?—Under storm stay-sails or
try-sails, 3 degrees ; under storm stay-sails and main
topsail, 3 degrees ; under storm stay-sails and reefed
fore-sail, 3i degrees ; under close-reefed topsails and
courses, 4 degrees ; under treble-reefed topsails and
courses, 4 degrees ; under double-reefed topsails and
top-gallant sails, 4 to 5 degrees ; under all sail except
royals, 31 to 4 degrees ; under all sail when just able to
carry royals, 3 degrees.
How does she carry her lee ports?—Very well.
Does she roll easy or uneasy in the trough of the sea?
She rolls quick, not uneasy.
Does she pitch easy?--Very easy indeed.
Is she, generally speaking, an easy or uneasy ship ?
Easy, though quick in her motions.
How does she generally carry her helm by the wind,
with all sail set, with treble-reefed top-sails and courses?
—One-half to three-quarters and one turn aweathcr.
How does she steer off the wind?—Withthree months'
provisions very easy.
How does she stay ?—Like a cutter.
How does she wear?—Very quick.
Is she weatherly or leewardly, compared with other
ships in moderate weather?—Very weatherly.
Is she weatherly or leewardly, compared with other
ships in a gale?—The same.
How does she behave lying to?—Very well.
She has run by the log with as much wind as she could
carry the following sail to :
Close hauled with smooth water, under whole or single-
reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 8 knots 6 fathoms;
under double-reefed topsails, 10 knots 2 fathoms; close
hauled, with a head sea, under double-reefed topsails and
top-gallant sails, 7 knots 4 fathoms ; wind abeam, under
treble-reefed topsails and courses, 12 knots 4 fathoms ;
under double-reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 13
knots; in moderate weather, unable to carry royals, 11
knots 2 fathoms; in moderate weather, with all sail set,
11 knots 6 fathoms; wind on the quarter, in a gale, 12
knots; in moderate weather, with royals and studding
sails, 10 knots ; before the wind, in a gale, 11 knots ;
in moderate weather, with all sail set, 10 knots 6
fathoms.

The Marquis of Ormonde has relieved Viscount
Sydney from his duties as the Lord in Waiting on
the Queen, and Major-General Sir Frederic Stovin
has succeeded the Hon. Nelson Hood as the Groom
in Waiting on her Majesty.
In the afternoon her Majesty and Prince Albert
walked out for some time.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Douro, Lady
Peel, the Hon. Amelia Murray, and Lucy Kerr, took
an airing in a carriage and four this afternoon.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady
Fanny Iloward, and the Countess Wratislaw, joined
the royal circle at dinner.
The band of the Royal Horse Guards wa3 in
attendance during dinner.
Her Majesty's private band afterwards attended at
the Castle.

The Chairman of the South Sea Company and the
Deputy Chairmen, Messrs. Franks and Buuverie, had
an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer
yesterday, at his official residence in Downing-street.
Mr. Roebuck, M.P., had an interview with Lord
Stanley yesterday, at the Colonial-office.
Sir Robert Peel arrived in town yesterday, from
Windsor Castle. Sir Thomas Fremantle, the Earl of
Dalhousie, the Right Hon. H. L. Corry, and the
Hon. Sidney Herbert, had interviews with the Right
Hon. Baronet. In the afternoon Sir R. Peel left
town, on his return to Windsor Castle.
Mr. Wickham, Chairman of the Stamps and Taxes,
had an interview with the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer yesterday. Captain Boldero, M.P., also had
an interview with the Right Hon. Gentleman.
Dispatches from the Governor of the Cape of Good
Hope were received yesterday at the Colonial-office.

LORD JOHN RUSSELL ON THE
TAXING OF MACHINERY.
At a large meeting of the Spitalfields Weavers' Union
last week, an interesting correspondence between the
sawyers of Oldham and Lord John Russell was read by
Mr. Sherrard, secretary of the Weavers' Union. The
sawyers' letter, dated September 17. 1844, refers to his
Lordship's memorable speech at the close of last session
as a ju:tification of the liberty of addressing him on the
subject of tlwir grievance, with a view of sobriting his
advice. The following is his Lordship's reply :
" Unsted Wood, Gotialming, Sept. 24, 1844.
" Gentlemen,—l beg to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter, signed by your secretary, of the 17th instant.
I wish I could bring my opinions to some accordance
with your own, but I fear that it is impossible. While
you seek to put fresh restrictions on the skill and inge-
nuity of mechanical inventions, it will not be in my
power to assist your endeavours for the benefit of the
sawyers. If I were to do so, I could not stop with your
trade. Nailmakere are in a similar situation, owing to
the new machinery for the manufacture of nails ; other
artisans and agricultural labourers will pray for te like
interference, to prevent the use of new machines which
interfere with manual labour.
" Now, my belief is, that those inventions tend to the
improvement of our condition as a people, and enable us
to support the great weight of taxation to which we are
subjected. Ever since I hare known this country
machinery has been in progress towards perfection, per-
forming more and more the task of human hands, and,
at the same time, a great number of people have found
profitable employment.
" I know, and I deplore, that while this progress is
going on, many a workman loses the wages which skill
and experience have enabled him to gain. But, instead
of the perilous course of laying duties on machinery,
which would soon enable foreign nations to outstrip us
in the score of competition, I am of opinion that we
ought to give greater freedom to trade, and, if possible,
so extend the demand for labour, that our population,
greatly increased as it is, may obtain a good price for
their day's work.
" I do not mean to pronounce any opinion on the late
tariff, so far as regards timber. If the sawyers of this
country are subject to unfair competition, they have a
a cause for redress so far as colonial timber is concerned.
—I remain, your most obedient servant,
" " J. RUSSELL.
Mr. Samuel Eastho pe, White Lion, Oldham."

How does she scud in a heavy gale?—Very well.
What is her best point of sailing?—Wind abeam.
Comparative rate of sailing with other ships?—Very
superior.

Is
she, generally speaking, a well-built and strong
ship, or does she show any symptoms of weakness?—
Very strong.
Has the ship been ashore, or has she struck the
ground, at any time during the period of this report ?
If she has, mention the time and place, and the date of
the report of the circumstance, and to whom made ?
No.

NICHOLAS LOCKYER, Captain.
W. W. CHAMBERS, Commander.
S. G. J. NORTCOTE, Master.
W. SEWELL, Carpenter.
Dated Jan. 1, 1845.

ROYAL MARINES.
Woomica, JAN. 28.—A general court-martial, com-
posed of the following members:—Colonel Mercer,
Royal Marines, President; Lieut. -Colonel Powell, Royal
Marines; Major Andrews and Major Armstrong, Royal
Artillery; Captain Phillips, Royal Marines; Captain
Dupuis, Captain Grant, and Captain Frazer, Royal
Horse Artillery ; Lieut. M`Killop, Lieut. Congdeu,
Lieut. Fraser, Lieut. Marriott, and Lieut. Louis, Royal
Marines, assembled at eleven o'clock Aatt. to-day, in the
officers' mess-room of the Royal Marines, in the west
square of the Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich;
Lieut. and Adjutant Varlo officiating as Deputy Judge-
Advocate.
On the opening of the court, the following charges
were preferred against Sergeant Zechariah Baker 36th
company of the Royal Marines:—
First Charge—For disgraceful conduct in having, at
Woolwich, between the let of November, 1844, and
the Bth of January, 1845, embezzled or fraudulently
misapplied, or caused or suffered to be embezzled or
fraudulently misapplied, certain sums of public money,
as hereinafter stated, intrusted to his care, for distribu-
tion in payment, or to be otherwise accounted for by him
in his capacity as pay-sergeant of the second grand di-
vision, or third and fourth parade companies of the
Woolwich division of Royal Marines, and for which the
said sergeant was receiving a pecuniary allowance from
Government, in addition to his military pay, the said
sums of money being more or less as follows :-
1. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of third parade
company for December, 1844, 9L 4s. lid.
2. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the fourth
parade company for December, 1844, 121. 9s. 3d.
3. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the third pa •
rade company from the Ist to the 7th of January, 1845,
inclusive, 81. I ls. op.
4. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the fourth
parade company from the Ist to the 7th of January,
1845, inclusive, 81. Is. 44d.
5. By arrears overdrawn for Dec., 1844, 1/. 12s. 7kd.
6. By cash received from Sergeant William Johnson,
of 36 M company, on account of division, and not re-
turned to paymaster, 1/. los.
7. By amount of stoppages supplied between the
30th of November, 1844, and the Bth of January, 1845,
12L 6s. 1 lid.
8. By cash received from private Philip Dailey, 32d
company, and private John Hicks, 24th company, for the
purchase of slope and not accounted for, 21 19s. Zid.
9. By cash received from private John Clark, 28th
company, for slops issued to him, and the amount nut
credited to the quarter-master, 11. 15s. ld.
Second Chat ge—For having, at Woolwich, on or about
the 7th of January, 1845, when the accounts of the
second grand division were called for by the Paymaster,
absented himself from his duty without leave, and con-
tinued to be so absent until on or about the lOth of the
same month, when he re appeared and was placed in
confinement.
The whole of the witnesses were examined to-day, but
it would be premature to give the proceedings until the
decision of the Court is promulgated in orders.

EXPLOSION OF A LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINE—THREE LIVES LOST.
MANCHESTER, TUESDAY MORNING.—This morning a
most serious accident occurred on the Manchester and
Leeds Railway, by which three unfortunate men lost
their lives, and four others were seriously wounded. The
extraordinary state of confttsion which now exists on the
line precludes the possibility of obtaining the whole of
the particulars, but the following account will be found
correct :
At an early hour this morning the engineer and fire-
man attached to the Irk engine proceeded to the engine
shed, about a mile from the station, at Hunt's Bank, and
commenced getting it in readiness to take the quarter to
seven a.m. train to Leeds. The fireman put on his fires
about half-past four A.M., and in about an hour the steam
was up, or nearly so. The engineer then went under the
engine to examine the working parts, and the fireman to oil
them. They bad not been there long before the accident
occurred. Exactly as the clock struck six a tremendous
explosion was heard by several men on the premises, and
unmediately an alarm was given. Mr. Craven, the resident
inspector of the works, on proceeding to the works,
found that the explosion bad killed three of his work-
men, and injured four others, and done much damage to
the building. He thus describes the whole affair:—The
engine to which this accident has happened was to have
taken out the quarter before seven train to Leeds, and
was in course of preparation for that purpose. The
engineer and fireman were both under it ut the time of
the accident, examining the works. The roof of the
tirebox seems to have given way, and the steam rushing
against the ground blew the engine through the roof of
tie shed, which is nearly sixty feet high, carrying with
it more than twenty yards of the roof, and distributing
the fragments in all directions for upwards of one hun-
dred yards distance. At the moment of the explosibn
the tender seems to have become detached from the
engine, and was turned over on its side, but was not
materially injured. The engine was on the middle line
of rails, in the shed where the men were at work, with
the firebox towards Manchester ; but when it
alighted it was completely turned round, and on
the outsi,le rails, at a distance of twenty yards
from the place it was first standing. In its
way it passed over another engine, carrying with it the
chimney, whistle, and domes. The poor fellows who
were at work under the engine were dreadfully muti-
lated, both being severely crushed and burned to a cinder
—their heads and brains being completely crushed to a
jelly. The inspector was also much disfigured, and
killed on the spot. -The names of the sufferers are
George Mills, engineer ; Allcock, fireman
William Stone, inspector. James Neilson, John W/'ain-
wright, John Hall, and another, aro seriously injured.
The engine was built by Mr. William Fairbairn, of this
town, and was first set to work in January, 1840, since
which time it has travelled a distance of 76,860 miles. It
cost 1,4301., and was considered a first-rate engine. The
damage done to the engine will not exceed 250/. At
the present moment the valves are in good worki©g con-
dition, and one of them is protected from being tampered
with by any of the servants, being shut up in a box con-
structed for that purpose.
There is at present no possible means of accounting
for the accident ; but Mr. Fairbairn, and the practical
gentlemen are examining the machinery, with a view of
entering into detail before the Coroner, who will hold
his inquest to-morrow. The unfortunate men have left
wives and families to lament their untimely end.

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH ON THE
SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY.
The first trial of the electric telegraph on this line,
constructed by Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone, the pa-
tentees, for the joint use of the Admiralty and the South-
Western Railway Company, between Nine Elms and
Gosport, a distance of 88 miles, took place on Friday
last. Several of the Directors of the Company and
scientific gentlemen were present fon the occasion. On
hearing that the suspension of the conducting wires was
completed, Mr. Cooke left London by the three o'clock
train, and stopped at Bishopstoke, 72 miles. He then
proceeded by the next train, and the hour was occu-
pied in carrying the wires into the office at Gosport,
on the branch line ; so that it was only at a little
before ton o'clock that, all things being ready, be dis •
patched the first si,snal to London. Four or five minutes
of anxiety elapsed before any reply was obtained,
when his assistant in London excused his inatten-
tion on the ground of having fallen asleep before the fire!
The signals passed with the utmost precision, and a long,
conversation passed with kis London correspondent over
the intervening distance of 88 miles. Confidence in the
system of insulation was thus proved ; the experiment
never having been before tried until 72 miles were com-
pleted, when the apparatus was applied at Bishopstoke
about a fortnight back. Directions to his London
assistant to start for Gosport by the first morning's train
closed the correspondence for the night. Professor
Wheatstone joined, by appointment, at Nine-elms, about
twelve next morning, and some thousand signals took
their flight between London and Gosport. In Mr.
Wheatstone's experiments no perceptible time was occu-
pied in transmission. Among many others the following
inqtairies and answers, preceded by the ringing of the
alarm, occupying about four minutes, were made at the
request of one of the company's officers:—" Q. Have you
any mackerel for to-nights goods train? A. No, they can-
not catch them now. Q. IN by not? A. Because the nights
are moonlight, and the fish see the net." Other com-
munications respecting the shipping took place. Subse-
quently the professors new magneto-electric telegraph
Iva* brought Into a long circuit of wire, and worked to

FOLKESTONE.—On and after Monday, the 27th
instant, letter:, &c., for London will leave the Folkestone
post-office at 9.30 a.nt. The box will be closed at 9.15
A.M., after which time letters and newspapers will be
received by one penny extra being paid till 9.25, when
the bags will be immediately dispatched. A day mail
will also leave our post-office for Dover at 1.50, There
will be no day-bags to and froin London on Sundays.
The number of letters passing our post-office has, since
the opening of the railroad to the town, increased to not
less than five times weekly to that of former yeurs,
Naidetone Gazette.

845.

perfection through 288 miles. The apparatus dispenses
with the batteries altogether, a steel magnet being the
source of power. The Admiralty are to have a pair of
these machines, and a pair of Wheatstone's pointing
telegraphs for their distinct use. For railway purposes
Ur. Cooke prefers his " two -needle telegraph," and in
this opinion Professor Wheatstone agrees, as its rapid
colloquial questions and answers character is perfectly
adapted for railway exigencies. There is a good deal
of painting to be done on the line, which will require
fine weather and some days to complete. As soon as
that is done the apparatus will again be worked, and
two wires placed at the command of the Lords of the
Admiralty; the other two, with the branch telegraph
to Southampton, will remain in the Company's hands
for their own railway purposes and the use of the
public. The result of Friday night's experiments were
considered rather unsatisfactory, as the state of the
weather was most unfavourable to insulation, the posts
thoroughly wet, and the wires strung with myriads of
drops of water, sparkling like gems. The following day was flue, and though the points of connexion were
all wet, nevertheless the insulation was excellent. With
the last experiment Mr. Cooke is prepared to accept a
challenge to lay down a telegraph from London to Fal-
mouth, Liverpool, or Edinburgh, without any inter-
mediate stages. The last practical difficulty is overcome
by the present system of insulation, and Mr. Wheatstone
need only add a letter folding and sealing apparatus to
his printing machine to prepare the communications
for the Post-office. This is the result of Messrs.
Cooke and Wheatstone's invention, after eight years'
perseverance,
and it would bo idle to suppose
that the commercial world will long neglect the
power this invention is capable of conferring on the
commercial capitals of Great Britain, by laying their
closer contiguity as regards their commercial intelligence
and transactions, seeing that by it may be made known
on 'Change, at Liverpool, or in London, every fluctua-
tion of price and every bargain in stack or shares, within
two minutes of the transaction being closed in either
place. The entire cost of the telegraph between;London
and Portsmouth, is 24,0001., to be paid in equal propor-
tions by the Admiralty and the Company, and negotia-
tions are being entered into with Government for laying
down sections of it on the Chester and Holyhead line,
now in course of construction. Last evening, at the
annual conversazione of the ','Society of Arts, the ap-
paratus was exhibited, worked by Mr. Cooke and Mr.
Rowland, his assistant. In the course of conversation
Mr. Cooke stated that the invention, by a slight
modification of the symbols, might be adapted to an
almost endless variety of uses : that by means of the
galvanic process conversations might be sustained unin-
terruptedly between Liverpool and London, that musical
compositions might be transmitted with exactitude from
one place to another, and that even games of chess might
be conducted between players in two distant districts.
Last evening, the words " Liverpool" and " Adelphi"
were described by the manipulata on the dial, and tele-
graphed by means of the wires, to an assistant operator
at the other end of the room, who immediately an-
nounced the import of the communication. In cases
where express accounts of public events are required, the
invention promises to be invaluable, since it is calcu-
lated by the patentee that were a telegraph to be, laid
down between Liverpool and London, accurate reports
of speeches might be transmitted from either place, and
tbreampuctoiunldtyppoessaibly cmircakuelaiteudarlroinvagl.before any express

SIR CHARLES F. WILLIAXt- , b.-
The late Sir Charles Frederick Williatus, *talk; ,
senior Commissioner of the Court of Bankr , ant*
„‘ s , •
r
many years have elapsed since he entered , 4,,..thek., : •. ,
profession of the law. It has been suppos ;thistAii ' . .-,.
was a person of humble origin; at leas Itplittlet : , knowledge was ever current in society wi lreapeeti,„' --. -e,..-.....e.
to his descent, that it was assumed he could n. ..:11 ,‘el;
~.;
,`.i
of very dignified ancestry; for most men take • ..
to make such advantages well known, and Sir Charlet
Williams was the least likely person in the world' to
omit the publication of anything that could redound
to his own honour. Nevertheless, the subject of this
memoir was a man of respectable
parents.• His father
was Richard Williams, Esq., of Duraley, in Glou.
cestershire, of which pece it may be presumed that
Sir Charles was a native. He did not possess the ad-
vantages of a university education, and he came to the
bar not very eminently qualified for the duties of the
legal profession ; he managed, however, in one way or
another, to attain a certain degree of success ; but the .
practice which he did enjoy was principally as a Foe
vincial counsel, his business at Westminster Hall
being of moderate extent. He went the Western. •
Circuit, and for many years practised at the Somerset
and Bristol Sessions. That he displayed unbounded
zeal in the support of every client's interests is
universally acknowledged, and that if perseverance
and care could command success no client of his
would ever have been defeated.
Sir Charles had passed the mature age of forty
before be found it prudent to incur the responsibilities
of married life, but he thought that the time had then
arrived when such a step could no longer be advan-
tageously delayed. On the 22d of April, 1822, he
married . Elizabeth, the fourth daughter of Ralph
Broune Wylde Broune, Esq., of Glazeley, in tho
county of Salop, by Mary Anne Whitmore, sister cf
Thomas Whitmore, Esq., of Apley Park, in tile same
county. This event had of course a tendency rather
to increase than to diminish his professional zeal; his
business increased, and in the year 1828 it had
reached so respectable an amount, that by the Govern -
rent of that day he was deemed worthy to be in-
vested with the dignity of " one of his Majesty's
counsel learned in the law ;" but as a leader at nisi
Arius he was not much distinguished. For one pt.
culiarity he • was however noted ; a solicitor might
prevail on him to name the junior counsel with whom
he liked to be associated, with high professional
delicacy he always shrunk from the appearance of a
making any such suggestion ; but even twenty years
ago he was accustomed to say to his clients:that there
could be no better junior counsel in any cause than
young Follett. Even then Mr. Williams had the sa-
gacity to discern the great powers of the present Ate
torney-General.
For four years after, having obtained a silk gown, Mr. Williams continued at the bar ; but at the end of
that period he was appointed one of the Commissioners
of the Court of Bankruptcy under Lord Brougham's
Bill. In discharging the functions of that office, he
evinced great quickness of apprehension ; but was
rather ostentatious in displaying it. His judgments
were therefore often hasty ; and his manners were by
no means distinguished for the dignity, moven the
decorum which ought to be observed by Isvery mut
who occupies a judicial seat. So eager was he to
show that he saw at a glance the tendency of questions
put to a witness, that he would spoil a piece of evi- •
dence by taking an examination out of a solicitor's or
counsel's hands, as well as putting ill-considered
questions, and making extra-judicial observations;
but he was perhaps one of the most obliging films.
tionaries that ever lived. If stopped in the street—if
called away from an agreeable party—nay, if called
out of bed—he would kindly and cheerfully transact
any business if required. He once met with an ac-
cident, when riding on horseback, which confined him
some weeks and so anxious was he to avoid encroach..
ing upon the time of his brother Commissioners, that
his bed-chamber was converted into a court of bank-
ruptcy. He scarcely or ever omitted an opportunity
of making a civil observation or paying a personal
compliment
1 "He browbeat none, nor bore a being odium ;
But fairly blazoned every man's eulogium."
He received the honour of knighthood July Is,
1838 ; and was for some years Recorder of Ipswich,
but resigned that office in 1842. Sir Charles attained
to a good old age, but of the precise year in which he
was born we have not met with any authentic trace;
it is believed, however, that he could not have been
less than 75 or 76 years of 'age. The further he ade
vanced in life the greater was the interest which he
seemed to take in the causes and the influence et
longevity. No elderly witness ever escaped him, and
the most important proceedings were often delayed La
order that Sir Charles might have opportunity of in.
quiring into the habits of life and the constitutionei
peculiarities of any curious specimen of the last age
who might happen to enter the witness-box. In this
respect the columns of this journal would have been a great source of consolation to him. iie was a ma.
gistrate for Hampshire, and for some years had si-
residence in that county.—Historical Register.

.ONEY MARKET and CITY NEWIc,
FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
CITY, TUESDAY EVENING.
TIMES.—The premium on gold at Paris is 124 per milk,
which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. lOid, per
ounce for standard gold gives an exchange of I's
46 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short
being 25 621, it follows that gold is 0.65 per cent.
dearer in London than in Paris.
By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 434
per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 31.175. 10Id.
per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 94;
and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short
being 13 104, it follows that gold is 0.57 per cent. dearer
in London than in Hamburgh.
The course of exchange at New York on London is
1104 per cent., and the par of exchange between Eng-
land and America being 109 23-40 per cent., it follows
that the exchange is 0.68 per cent. in favour of England.
But the quoted exchange at New York being for bills
at 60 days' sight, the interest must be added to the
above difference.
The Railway Share Market is still very buoyant, and
a good deal of business continues to be transacted. New
projects are every day starting up, and the success of
other Irish schemes has brought forward one called the
Armagh, Coleraine, and Portrush Railway, having for
its object the connexion of the ton from Blackwater
right through to Portstewart, the ditance being 63 sta-
tute miles. It appears to be considered that the junction
of this line with the harbour of Portrush will give a
facility of communication from this point to Glasgow
and Liverpool, as there are already steamers on the sta-
tion. The settlement in this market at the and of the
month will give some evidence of the real stability of
the quotations ; and should money, as there is reason to
expect it will, command a high rate of interest, we
shall then have the opportunity of judging of the cha-
racter of the late extensive operations. In some Of the
provincial markets it is asserted that they have even been
on a larger scale than in London. It' this be the case,
the brokers of Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Hull, and
Glasgow, must have been driving a profitable business.
Her Majesty's ship Dido has arrived from Singa-
pore, having made a quick passage, the run from the
Cape being completed in the short space of about forty
days. By this opportunity we have received files of
Cape papers to the 15th of December ; and these are
about one month later than previous advices. They
contain little information as respects the progress of
affairs in the colony, except the mention of the im-
pulse given to industry by the establishment of agri-
cultural societies, and the subject treated at the greatest
length, as most important at that period, was the ex-
traordinary state of the. weather. Since 1820, when
the district of Graham's Town was first established,
there had not been known such heavy rains as those
experienced within the last few months. During the
last year scarcely a week had elapsed without heavy
showers, the rain in many instances continuing for
several days. The humidity was now felt to be super-
abundant, and the farmers were said to be anxiously
looking for settled weather, required both for harvest
work and for sheep-shearing, The rust had made its
appearance in some of the corn-fields, but not till the
crops were sufficiently advanced to protect them from the
full ravages of that fatal disease. In some few cases the
ear had been entirely destroyed, but on the whole the
result of the harvest, it was expected, would be beyond
the usual average. The country in the neighbourhood
of Sneeuwberg was in fine condition, especially about
Brumtjes Hoogte, Somerset, the Kaga, and Fort Beau-
fort. In Sneeuwberg the harvest had already commenced.
SUN.—The English Market appears to close firmer.
Consols for Money at par, and for Account at 1004.
Exchequer Bills touched 675. premium. New Three-
and-a-Quarter per Cents. were 1044.
The value of Spanish Stock remained about the same
as in the morning, 27,i to 28 for the Five per Cents.,
ane 394 to 40 for the Three per Cents. Mexican im-
proved to 344 and 35. Brazilian, New, were at 88 ; and
Colombian at 144. Peruvian realised 28. Portuguese
Converted were at 60. Venezuela obtained 444, and
Belgian Four-and-a-Half per Cents. were 1014.
The additional transactions in Railway Shares have
been these : Birmingham and Gloucester were 11 ;
Ditto, New, 9 ; Caledonian, 144 ; Churnet Valley,
44 ; Cornwall, ato * ; Dublin and Mullingar, 14 ;
Eastern Counties, 34 to 4 ; Eastern Union, 54 ; Great
Southern and Western (Ireland), 54 ; Ditto, extension,
3! ; Great North of England, New, 224 ; Hull and
Selby, 734 ; Birmingham, Thirds, 44 ; Ditto, Quarter,
254 to 26 ; Brighton, 2 ; London and York, 2 ;
Manchester and Birmingham, 14f ; Midland, 27 ;
Ditto, New, 7 ; Newcastle and Berwick, 104; Norwich
and Brandon, 6 to 54 ; South-Eastern, 141 ; Trent
Valley, 74 to 84; Waterford and Kilkenny, ; York and
North Midland, Half, 284 ; Ditto, Selby Extension, llf
to 12 ; Great Northern of France, 14 ; Orleans and
Vierzon, 8i ; Orleans and Bordeaux, 54 ; Paris and
Rouen, 224 ; and Rouen and Havre, IS premium.
Blackwell have been 94 ; Greenwich, 14 ; and Midland,
Birmingham, and Derby, 5 discount.
In the Exchange,upon the principal Continental Cities
there was this afternoon no essential variation. Ant-
werp might be called a trifle lower, and Trieste a shade
higher.
The following is the official return of the exports of
Bullion from the port of London, for the week ending
Thursday last :
Silver coin to Hong-Kong, 8,000 ounces.

I:LIGET TIDE AT DOVER. DESTRUCTION or PRO.
PERTY.—DovEn, JAN. 27. This morning, about °et
o'
em
clock a.m., one of the highest tides ever remberetic occurred here. At the entrance of the harbour the
water was above twenty-ono feet in depth, while the`
actual rise from low water was not less than twenty-five
feet The quays and piers were almost all covered, anti
the area of the harbour presented an uninterrupted sheet
of water. At the height of the tide a portion of the now
harbour works, now going on under the Duke of Wet.
lington and the other Harbour Commh!sieners, gave
way, from the great weight of water in the pent. A
stronri• granite wall, about sixty feet in extent and many
feet in thickness, was forced down, when a mighty
rush of water, carrying all before it. burst into a larger
open space behind, which is being excavated for the
enlargement of the harbour. Blocks of granite, anti
masses of brickwork, from two to six tons in weight,
were rolled along ten or twelve yards ; and the Lord
Sidmouth fishing vessel, that happened to be lying along-
side of the quay close to the beach, was torn from her moorings and swept into the space with great force IT
the resistless current, and laid up at the extreme en
where, in ordinary tides, she will be " high and dry.
An attempt was made at high water this afternoon to
float off the vessel with casks, which proved abortive,
as the tide did not rise so highl as in the morning by
several feet. She has sustained, it is feared, irreparable
damage, by rubbing her bottom against the large stones
she passed over during the accident. It is very fortunate
the accident occurred, in the night, fur, had it taken
place during the day, while the workmen wero (engaged
in the excavations, it must have been attended with fatal
consequeeces.
Although fresh fish, such as flounders, cod, ling,
haddocks, and whitings, are got in abundance on the
west coast, still, soles and turbots are remarkably scarce,
and appaiantly cannot be had either on the east or west
coasts, which is altogether unprecedented in the annals of Scotch fisheries. A number of orders for these fish
were received here by our principal fishmongers for
supplies to any extent, for the Edinburgh, Dublin, anti
Liverpool markets, which could not be executed,*
Greenock Advertiser,
DEATH IN THE REGENT'S CANAL.—A PREDICTION
IN JEST FULFILLED.—Yesterday the body of a corpus.
lent and rather aged person, named Portington, was
found in the Regent's-canal, near the Camden-tows
lock. Five-and-twenty years ago deceased was is
master tailor, 'in extensive business in Tavistoeke
street, Covent-garden. Latterly he held the shuts.
tion of collector of rents and general over-looker
on the Agar estate, Camden-town. A week since,
meeting Lamb, an occasional summoning officer for the.
parish of St. Pancres, serving summonses for an inquest
on a person who had died suddenly, he remarked that
such a way of dying was the pleasantest, and added,
jokingly, that some day or other the officer would hare
to summon a jury to inquire into the cause of his dealt.
The prediction has been verified, and Lamb applied yes-
terday to 3lr. Wakle, for a warrant to summon a jury.
SUICIDE OF A 11 HERMAN AT NORTHUMIIIIRLANE
Housu.—Last evening Mr. Higgs held an inquest at thin
Prince's Head, Buckingham. street, Strand, on the bodyclit
John Henry Rollick, aged fifty-seven, in the employs!
Mr. Hughes, upholsterer to the Duke ofNorthumberlantl
It appeared that deceased and others were engaged on Sea.
turdey forenoon in preparing the furniture and rooms c}!
asemal,renhottorebteurmnam
Northumberland House for the reception of its noble occus
pants. past eleven o'clock he left the dining.
after him. In a few minutes afterwards ho was disco,
irnoohmalfinaAiwl
vered in one of the water-clotets at the basement
ht
cohhuari,hf-toh he
a foremand been
working,caused
of the mansion, partly suspended (his feet resting oz
the floor, and his arms en the seat of the closet'
from a service water-pipe by means of a piece
r. Briroanws 67.
cut
to pna, ek -
takenthre a
idn
totietdherek,nintedhehni,s a
nntel ekth
Cooper called in, who said that deceased had been deatt
Deceased was a temperate/
of the witnesses considerot
aanbdoustteaaqdir
mtteur),u:naan
shootnu re.
that his mind was affected by an attack of lness he had
three months since, and others that it was affected by the
breaking up of a benefit society, called the. St. James's
Union, to which he had7fsoT, years belonged. haft
paid,
Verdict,
different times,
insanit. into the above society.
" Temporery
..013,41NG A 50CL1.T.41.1.± LEY{:TTIEER IN EDINBURGH.
•.•
—lt appears that an abandoned -creature has lately prt;te
fesscd to deliver infidel lectures in a chapel on the south
side of the town; which have-been attended by ninnberea
mainly from curiosity. it is stated that the most dis,
graceful scenes are enacted within the building, one part
of the audience indulging in vociferous applause, au:
another in equally- clamorous disskt.- Last Sabbath
evening this riotous spirit came to a head, the female ex •
hibitor being followed from the chapel by an infuriate('
crowd, some of whom attempted to lay violent hawks upon her. She was ultimately taken under the proteca
tion of the police.—Edinburgh Past.
WRIT or INQUIRY.—The writ of inquiry'et Penrith
to assess the damages sustained to the Calthwaite eststS
by the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway, was brougL&
a close on Saturday, when the jury awarded the sum:
2,1501. for land taken, severance, and damage. As On
suns was less than the compensation offered 'Ey the C0n....
pany, the defendants will have to pay their own costs.
The Duke and Duchess of Alontrose have arrive')
in 13elgrave--square, from his Grace's spores seat
Selby Mill, Northamptonshire. The Duke wchesa
are expected to remain in town until after her Grace
approChing confinement. Lord William Graham issue
staying on a visit to

THE ROYAL PALACE AT HOLYROOD.—Some im-
provements have lately been made near the Royal
Palace at Holyrood, and negotiations have been pending
for the purchase of other property in Ann's-yard, near
the Palace, with the view of making further improve-
ments in the locality. It appears that the Com-
missioners of Woods and Forests have negotiated with
the Earl of Haddington tbr the surrender of the office
of Hereditary Keeper of the Palace, which office
was originally created by charters from the Crown,
and became invested in his Lordship and his heirs
of entail. In June, 1843, an award was mado, whereby
the price to be paid by the Commissioners on behalf of
her 111-ajeAy to the Earl of Haddington, for the said
office of Keeper, and the whole profits, claims of pro-
perty anti other rights thereunto annexed, or apper-
taining thereto, and all other estate, right, title, and
ilaterest of the said Earl connected therewith, and for
the surrender of the said office, was fixed at the sum of
30,6741. Is. Bd. ; and the term of Candlemas then fol-
lowing (the 2d of February last) was fixed as the term
of entry from which the office rights,interest, and
properties should be vested in her Majesty. The money
was invested in the Bank cf Scotland, to be re-invested
in the purchase cf lands to be settled in the same line of
entail. The Commissioners of Woods and Forests in
their recent report state that " the several purposes
of
the Act (6th and 7th Victoria, c. 64), as far as we
are
terms
concerned, have been carried into effect; but, as i
thereof they could not be completed before the h
will 2e dr
bro
ef
February, the conclusion of these transactions
inci‘luidEeTdßoinpoaLfturtAuNre riexpoprEtt .0"v
EEMaEsNt Ts.% Y terday se-
veral houses were sold in Smithfield, rear the
East
by order of the C
London Docks, by
sinners of the'Wocds and Forests,
Commis-
the new line of atrect,toto cleared away for Whitechapel, pass across High-
fr 'Spitalfields Church to the
Docks. In connexion with these improvements in White-
chapel, a new street is being formed from Houndsditch
to Petticoat-lane, in the construction of which a large
number of very old houses had been removed. _Among
0-16 number was'one, in which resided the Ambassador
from the Court of Spain, in the reign of Elizabeth, the
foundation walls of which were in some part about three
feet in thickness ; adjoining which were discovered some i
very large vaults.

the Earl nnri ii,,,,..4-.._ _,