The Sun.
London, England, 1844-08-27 00:00:00

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

INVENTORS and other GENTLEMEN in the
possession of INTERESTING MODELS or WORKS of ART,
who intend to deposit them at the ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTI-
TUTION, are respectfully requested to forward them on or before
the 31st inst., in order that they may be inserted in the REVISED
CATALOGUE. All such works arc received gratuitously, and the
depositor has fYee admission to the Institution. Working Models are
Daily Explained, and, where the subject admits, are described in a
Lecture. R. J. LONGBOTTOM, Secretary.

N.B. The Institution is open Daily, as usual

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
96, CORNHILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,006.
Empowered by Act of Parliament.
DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has
enabled the Directors, z the last annual investigation, to declare a
second Bonus, averaging 60 per cent. on the amounts invested on each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.

i
~~
_~ _.
~I

EXAMPLES.

mm-1 Bentui
Premium g I added.

60 1000

X 8. e.

e. J.

1337 170 9 3
74 3 4 1838 144 2 2
1839 116 16 •

Bonne In g g
Cash.
.£ s. d.
77 5 1
61 5 6
51 5 11

s. d.
12 3 9
9 16 4
7 11 9

0..
IS .r: g
pv ,_, 0- ri2
E. 0,-1 0
•:li Ft

£ s. ds
346 2 3
296 13 4
247 4 6

The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De-
cember of the present year.
This institution offers many important and substantial advan-
tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without ex-
pense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the prensiam paid,
(see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances
Mr terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FERGUSON CANIROUX, Sec.

DISEASED AND HEALTHY LIVES
ASSURED.
MEDICAL, INVALID, and GENERAL LIFE
OFFICE, 25, PALL-MALL, LONDON.
TRUSTEES.
Charles Hopkinson, Esq., Regent-street.
Sir Thomas Phillips, Temple.
Alfred Waddilove, D.C.L., Doctors' Commons.
Diaccvoas.
Edward Doubleday, Esq., 249,
Great Surrey-street.
George Gun Hay, Esq., 197,
Sloane street.
J. Parkinson, Esq., F.R.S., 80,
Cambridge.terrace, Hyde-park.
Benjamin Phillips, Esq., F.R.S.,
17, Wimpole-street.

C. Richardson, Esq., 19, Bru.
ton-street, Berkeley-square.
Thomas Stevenson,Esq., F.S. A.,
37, Upper Grosvenor-street.
Robert Bentley Todd, M.D.,
F. H.S., 26, Parliament.street.
Alfred Waddilove, D.C. L.,
Doctors' Commons.
'ORB.
J.

Avo
John Pursord, Esq., 7, York- Stirling Taylor, Esq
terrace, Regent's-park. 14, Upper Gloucester-place,
Joseph Radford, Esq., 27, Dorset-square.
Cambrlige-terrace, Hyde- Martial L. Welch, Esq.. Wynd-
park. I ham-place Bryanston-square.
STANDING ComrsEL—John Shapter, Esq., Lincoln's Inn.
BAN KE R s—Messrs. C . Hopkin son and Co., Regent-street.
SOLICITORS—Messrs. Richardson and Smith, 28, Golden-square.
DEPARTMENT OP MEDICAL STATISTICS—WiIIiam Farr, Esq.,
General Register Office.
Acruaav—F. G. P. Nelson, Esq.
This Office is provided with very accurately constructed tables,
by which it can assure unsound lives on equitable terms.
Similar tables enable the Society to grant increased annuities on
unsound lives, the amount varying with the particular disease.
Members of consumptive families assured at equitable rates.
Healthy lives are assured on lower terms than at most ether
offices.

The first Life Assurance Society eommenced business in 1705,
and the principles of life contingencies, understood at that time to
a very limited extent only, have repeatedly undergone important
changes and improvements; but till the establishment of this So-
ciety in 1841 no attempt had ever been made to assure the lives of
persons who suffer from disease.
The science of statistics has only within a recent period been
successfully applied to the duration and mortality of disease, and
hence tables on the probability of these results could not have been
formed ; and it would evidently have been unsafe and hazardous
for any society to have undertaken the risk of assuring the lives of
persons afflicted with any particular malady. The statistical in.
formation, however, now collected, and in possession of this office,
is of so great an extent as fully to warrant the extension of life
assurance to such cases, and, in fact, to place the application of life
assurance on diseased lives on a more secure basis than even that
on healthy lives.
It is hoped that while kept clearly in view that this Society, in
common with ether offices, will assure the lives of healthy persons,
it is as yet the only one established to assure the lives of persons
labouring under disease; and to this latter feature particular atten-
tion is directed.
In the first place, because it opens a larger field for business than
all other offices can have unitedly; and in the
Second place, because that branch of assurance must, from its
own nature, be less hazardous, and its principles rest on a more
permanent foundation.
These are two highly important facts, and we shall enter into an
explanation of each ; and first, as to the prevalence of disease.
The period of life most important to an assurance office is that be.
tween 15-60 years of age, and in the following remarks we refer
exclusively to this period of life.
years preceding 1842 were, from all causes, 30,518 ; and from
consumption alone, 10,688 ; showing that more than one-third of
the total deaths in that period of life takes place from the preva-
lence of a single disease ; and If the same inquiry were instituted
with respect to other diseases, such as asthma, dropsy, diseases of
the head, heart, &c., it would be found that more than one-half
of the whole population would, on medical examination, be refused
admission into an assurance office. If the inquiry be carried to
the principal towns in England, like facts are elicited—in Bir-
mingham, Liverpool and Manchester, the deaths from all causes,
per annum, are about 5,023, while those from consumption are
1,988, forming considerably more than one.third of the whole. The
same thing will be found to hold good in the large towns in Scot-
land, in six of which the deaths in a given period, from all causes,
amounted to 23,078, those from consumption alone to 6,359, and
from six important diseases, 9,754; in the latter case forming more
than 42 per cent. of the deaths from all causes. Oa reference to
the returns from the city of Glasgow for 1836-1840 it will be
found that the deaths in that period, from all causes, were 14,107,
from consumption 4,087, and a list of five diseases, 6,423, being
more than 45 per cent. of the deaths from all causes.
The diseases here alluded to are such as exist in general in a
chronic form, frequently for many years prior to death, but which,
on a strict medical examination, would effectually exclude the
persons so affected from the benefits of life assurance ; and since
it thus appears that a majority of the population is included in this
class, the value and importance of the new feature of this society
cannot fail to be justly appreciated.
The second point to be explained is the fact that there is
much less risk in assuring diseased lives. This is a feature of
paramount and vital importance to the interests of this society, and
deserves to Le carefully considered.
The real risk incurred in all assurance transactions consists in
the chance to which an office is liable of experiencing a different
degree of mortality from that expected by the tabjes on which its
caculations are founded. This difference is termed the fluctuation
of mortality, and will he found to be much less among diseased
lives than over the general population, and among selected lives.
The deaths from consumption in the metropolis per annum are
sufficiensly near the annual number which takes place in Glasgow,
from all causes, to admit of a comparison, and by reducing the
matter to figures it is found that while the fluctuation per annum
in the latter case is as high as 45 per cent., in the former it is only
9 per cent., or, in other words, the fluctuation of mortality in
consumption was only one-fifth of the other; and in Manchester,
Liverpool, and Birmingham, even with the disadvantage of
smaller numbers, the fluctuation does not exceed 3 per cent.,
showing a remarkable uniformity in the law which determines the
mortality of this disease, and that it is more positive and absolute
in its results than that which regulates the general population.
ConsumPtion has here been selected, not because it was consi-
dered more favourable in its results, but simply on account of the
larger numbers affording a more satisfactory proof of the question
under consideration; but the same test has been appied to a great
number of other diseases, and like results obtaincd. Among nine
diseases in the metropolis, including asthma, dropsy, rheumatism,
disease of the liver, of the heart, of the nervous system, &c., the
fluctuation was only 71 per cent., and in five diseases in a different
district the fluctuation was about 7 per cent., while among eleven
in another locality, and even with small numbers, the fluctuation
did not exceed 6.2 per cent.; and taking the principal town■ in
England, including Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Leeds,
Sheffield, &c., the fluctuation over eleven of the more important
diseases was 6,1 per cent.
The remarkable uniformity in these results cannot fail to pro.
duce a conviction of the positive character of the law of mortality
in disease; indeed, there seems to be nothing within the whole
range of the doctrine of probabilities so well defined as the mor-
tality of diseased lives. The mortality of the general population
has frequently been referred to by writers as an example of the cer-
tainty of common events, but the preceding remarks must show with
how much greater certainty the mortality of diseased lives can be
depended on.
It is perhaps right to state, that, in applying the test of
fluctuation to disease, it has not been confined to one place or
class of lives, but has been extended to the principal towns in
England and Scotland, as well as to many rural districts in Eng-
land, and included the experience • one or two large societies of
select lives. This has afforded an opportunity of judging of the
effects of locality and its sanatory condition on the duration of
life, and a remarkable fact has thus been developed, viz.,
that the value of life generally is much greater in the coun-
try districts than in large cities; but that of these persons
who suffer from disease the value of life is nearly the same. As
an example of this—the expectation at the age of 30 in the country
districts is 36.7 years ; ir. cities (viz., Glasgow) 27.6 years—diffe-
rence 33 per cent. nearly; but take the case of persons of that
age in whom the consumptive tendency is developed, and who will
ultimately die of consumption, and their expectati, Qs of life in the
counties of Essex, Suffolk, an 4 Norfolk, will be found to be 14'5,
in cities (Glasgow) 14.4, and in the metropolis, Manchester, Bir-
mingham, 13'9 ; difference •017 per cent. (or 1.57 per cent.) It
therefore appears that while the difference between country and
town life in the former ease is about 33 per cent., that In the latter
instance (consumption) the difference is almost nothing, and the
results nearly uniform. The same thing holds good with some
other diseases, which have been investigated in this manner. This
fact, although not generally understood, is only what might have
been expected by a careful consideration of the conclusion formerly
arrived at—that the fluctuation of the law of mortality in disease
is confined within a very narrow limit, and consequently little in-
fluenced by external circumstances.
It hence appears that the fluctuation in the mortality of diseased
lives is much less than among select lives and the population gene_
rally, and therefore the risk of assuring diseased lives must also be
less.
To apply this conclusion to the afthirs of an assurance effice, it
may be stated, that supposing the number of lives in a society,
►aking only select lives, was such that the table of mortality would
indicate 100 deaths per annum, it would be necessary to have
always sufficient funds at immediate command to meet 145 deaths ;
on the other hand, an office assuring only diseased lives need not
provide for more than 109 deaths per annum; that is to say, the
risk of assuring diseased lives is to that of average lives as 9 to 45,
or only one.flfth. This fact is highly important to the interests of
this Society, and establishes beyond doubt the safety and correctness
of the principles on which it is founded.
For further information, reference is made to the prospectuses
and other published documents of the Society, which may be ob.
toned en application at the Society's offices.
F. G. F. NEISON, Actuary.

FIXCIIL r,
TO BE LET, UNFURNISHED, at a very
moderate rent, and entered upon immediately, et compact
FAMILY HOUSE, with flower and kitchen gardens, small stable,
chaise-house and harness-room, delightfully situated at Church-end.
The house contains a dining-room and two parlours, entrance-hall,
and handsome oak staircase ; front and back drawing-rooms, com-
municating by folding-doors, and fled bed-rooms on the upper floor ;
large kitchen, scullery, and wash-house, and ample collaring. The
premises are well supplied with excellent water from an hydraulic
pump. An omnibus goes front Finchley and returns three times
a day.

For tlirther particulars, apply to Messrs. Adam Murray and SODs,
survey-ors and land agents, 47, Parliament-street.

CONVEYANCING.—A SOLICITOR, of seve-
ral years' practice, PREPARES CONVEYANCES on the fol-
lowing terms, viz. :—Leases, 21. 10s.; Assignments, 21. 2s. ; Bills of
Sale, I/. 10.1. ; Wills, Bonds, and Deeds in general, on equally mode-
rate terms. Purchasers of property at public auctions will find a
saving of 50 per cent., and the title thoroughly investigated, by ap-
plying at the Offices, 1, Bouverie-street, Fleet-street. Letters for
11. M. attended to. Debts recovered, free of all charges to creditor,
for a commission of 10 per cent. Unexceptionable references.

Now ready, Nos. I. to IX. of

[if U N T'S LONDON JOURNAL.
The Lest New Novel,
1...1-
The Last New Play,
The Last New Book of Travels,
The Last New Poem,
The Last Now Music,
the best of the Old, and the newest of the New, in Literature, the
Arts, mid Science ; with a fearless commentary on Men and Things,
and a faithful reflex of the Spirit of the Passing Hour. Sixteen
Quarto pages. Price Three Half-pence. Part 11. will be ready with
the Magazines, price Eightpence-halfpenny, containing more matter
than an Octavo volume.
Omen, 10, Bolt-court, Fleet-street, where select advertisements
will be received.

LAME tiT ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, ANI9 ALL
DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c.
" He who in pleasure's downy arms
Ne'er lost his health or youthfulcharina,
A hero lives, and justly can
Exclaim, in use behold a man!"
Just published (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price !s. 6d.,
or sent by post, free, to any address, Ss. 6d..
QELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on
V,7 these concealed disorders originating in youthful excesses,
and terminating in Nervous bebility, Local and Constitutional
Weakness, and all those Sinking., Anxieties, and Tremors, which
afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical
Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and
Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for
their perfect Restoration.
By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon,
9, BEDFORD-STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary
Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of

Apothecary's Hall, London,&e.
'• The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in-
herent privileges of mankind, are frequently marred and prevented
through the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such,
among others, this Essay addresses itself; and by its perusal many
questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of ne appeal even
to the most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette.
"The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from its title,
and we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are
euffering from nervous debility and general weakness."—Wakefield
Journal.
Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and
52, Paternoster-row; Starie, 23 Tichberne.screet, Quadrant, Regent
street; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; Noble, lid, Chancery..
lane; Gordon, 196, Leadenhall-street ; and by all Booksellers.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERS ALL'S—YESTERDAY.
The return of several of the subscribers from York
did not lead to any improvement in the St. Leger bet-
ting ; the only horses in any real demand were The
Cure, Ithuriel, Red Deer, and Foig-a-ballagh, and upon
them the outlay was inconsiderable. No disposition
whatever was shown to back Godfrey, Joe Lovell, or
Lightning. The closing quotations were-
-3 to 1 agst Lord Stanley's Ithuriel—take 7 to 2
3 to 1 agst Mr. Salvin's The Cure—take 7 to 2
8 to 1 agst Mr. J. Scott's Bay Momus
9 to 1 agst Duke of Richmond's Red Deer—take 15 to 1
10 to 1 agst Mr. Vane's Valerian
13 to 1 agst Col. Anson's The Princess—taken
13 to 1 agst Mr. Irwin's Foig-a-ballagh—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Meiklam's Godfrey
5 to 4 agst Ithuriel and The Cure—taken.
THE GREAT YORKSHIRE HANDICAP.—Mr. Jaques's
A British Yeoman and Semiseria were left in this handi-
cap through an omission of the clerk of the course, and
will not run. The Artful Dodger was inquired after at
12 to I, but no business done.
EGIIAM RACES.
The following is an outline of the stakes and plates to
be run for at these races this day:—
arwThe Cup.—Elegance filly, 4 yrs—Pergolaria, 3 yrs—
Gaper, 4 yrs—Misdeal, 5 yrs—Miss Wilfred filly, 3 yrs
—Emilian, 5 yrs—Subduer, 4 yrs—Moque, 6 yrs.
Queen's Plate.—Gaper, b g by Hindoo, Moustache,
Pergolaria, Young Lochinvar, Velocipede filly, Campa-
nero, Misdeal, Pine Apple, Dean Swift.
New anti Old Windsor Stakes.—Heats.—Audrey,
Tub Thumper, Hashed Venison, Radnor, Vol-au-Vent,
Llangollen.

WEDNESDAY.
The Surrey and Middlesex Stakes.—Pine Apple,
4 yrs, Bst 71b—The Whaler, 4 yrs, 7st 41b—Subduer,
4 yrs, 7st—New Forest Deer, 3 yrs, 6st.
The Runnymede Stakes. ---The Devil-among-the-
Tailors, Epaulette, Young Lochinvar, Isieworth, Dean
Swift.
The Members' Plate.—Heats.—The Devil-among-
the-Tailors, Epaulette, Radnor, Arathusa, Young
Lochinvar. .

The Egham Stakes closes this afternoon.

THE CHARACTERS IN " CONINGSBY."—A key that
fairly unlocks the mystery of the various real characters
who figure in " Coningsby," must certainly be considered
a desideratum by the reading public ; for though the
Tapers and Tadpoles of that " true fiction" are so well
known as to have already passed into a proverb—though
the Earwigs, the Jugginses, the Jawster Sharps, and the
Guy Floueceys are more than guessed at—though the
Earl of Monmouth, the Earl of Eskdale, Lord Henry
Sidney, and Lord Vere are staring likenesses (to use an
artist's phrase)—and though the great Mr. Rigby him-
self—the chef d'reuvre of this unique gallery of portraits
—is as clearly defined as if his " Right Honourable"
name had been written under it—though all these por-
traits have been universally assigned to the original
worthies who have unconsciously sat for them, there still
remained at least fifty more, drawn from the life, which
to the uninitiated must have continued nothing more
than so many of those anonymous and annoying puzzles
which perplex the visitors to the Royal Academy Exhi-
bition under the mysterious titles of " Portrait of a
Gentleman." Which of all the half-dozen Hebrew mil-
lionaires is the brilliant and accomplished Sidonia ? Is
it he of Naples—or he of Brusseles—or he of Paris ?
Which of the reigning belles of the hour is the beautiful
Edith ? Is it the exquisite Miss M—h ? The Duke of
Agincourt—is he or is he not identical with " The
Farmers' Friend ?" The proud,•stately, and forbidding
Princess Lucretia—is she no other than the celebrated
Madame Z—y ? Mr. Cassilis, with his corkscrew curls,
his cosmetic complexion, and consummate waistcoat—
can it be any other than George W-1 ? All these, and
similar questions which people have been asking them-
selves, and one another, ever since the production of
this extraordinary work, may now he considered as solved
by " The Key to Coningsby," which has at length ap-
peared.
CORK AND CASHEL RAILWAY.—We have just re-
ceived a communication from a gentleman in Dublin,
from which we take the following :—" * * * I am
sure you will be happy to hear that the Directors of the
Great Southern arid Western Railway have agreed to un-
dertake the extensions to York and Limerick, whereby
the whole line from Dublin will become one property.
It is proposed to offer 8,000 shares at Par to the counties
of Cork, Limerick, Tipperary, Clare, and Kerry, if ap-
plied for before the 15th of next month.—Cork Examiner.
The Eastern Union Railway Company have actu-
ally set about their surveys for the continuation of their
line to Norwich by Diss, with a branch to Bury. An Ips-
wich paper states that the proprietors of the Brandon line
are at the same time contemplating aline to branch off at
Atleborough to Diss, by which the distance from Nor-
wich to London will be reduced, as compared with the cir-
cuitous route by Ely, from 128 to 112 miles, and that the
survey for this direct line is being made by Mr. Locke.—
Crelms.ford Chronicle.
A FACT FOR LORD DEVON.—We have a pretty
little fact for the Commissioners—of 90 human beings
turned off lands within twelve miles of this city.— Cork
Examiner,

PEEL'S ~ PILOT BALOON."

It was clear, on the evening when Sr Robert Peel,
in the course f the debate brought onby Mr.Villiers's
motion on the corn-laws, pledged himself in plainer
terms than is his wont, to stand by the sliding-scale
as it is at present constituted, that the country
gentlemen were not altogether satisfied. Either
there was something in the matter or the manner
of the Minister which engendered doubts of his sin-
cerity at the very time when he appeared to be most in
earnest ; and it is clear, from their organs of the press,
that such feelings have been on the increase among
them ever since. They have a strong conviction on
their minds that their honest leader is busily at work
preparing a mine beneath their feet, although it is
still a problem to them when and how it may be
sprung; and, for our part, we think that there is
decidedly room for such doubts when we look at
what is going forward at some of the agricultural
meetings. Our readers will probably recollect the
name of Mr. Christopher, once the too famous Mr.
Dundas, of Ipswich, who earned for himself the JlM-
briquet of Peel's " Pilot Balloon" immediately after
the last election. The circumstances were these :
Amongst the loudest of the hustings pledge-givers to
stand by the then corn-laws was this Mr. Christopher.
He had even the calm effrontery—it was effrontery
in a man who derives all his standing in society
from having been lucky enough to marry a good
fortune—to tell his constituents that, if Sir Robert
Peel dared even to breathe a hint against the corn-
laws, down he should go again into private life with-
out ceremony. Well, this cool gentleman. was elected
by the farmers, who were taken in by his matchless
intrepidity. He was sent to Parliament to watch
over the Tory Ministry, and to put it out, like a
farthing rushlight, should it ever look treason at the
corn monopoly. Not many months, however, elapsed
before Mr. Christopher again made his appearance
among the rural swains. What, in the meantime,
hbsetirwßeeonbehrtim,
aanndd
wthhaet Pm ißero,
bwerhtathhade
leadad saidpass edt
o
said to him, no one knows ; but, at all events, he as-
tonished the farmers, at this second meeting, by prophe-
sying of things to come, and assuring them that they
would not be so bad, after all, for the agricultural inte-
rest. Hence his name of "the Pilot Balloon," inasmuch
as the event, when Parliament again met, amply jus-
tified the surmise, launched at the moment by the
Times newspaper, that Mr. Christopher was commis-
sioned by Sir Robert Peel, who, from the prefer-
ments showered upon his family, it is certain, had
taken a strong liking to him, and had a very high opi-
nion of his judgment, to prepare the way among the
country gentlemen and their tenantry for the changes
which he was proposing. But what of all this ?
IVho is Mr. Christopher, that we should so long
dwell upon the doings of such a nil in public estima-
tion ? Only this. When we see a shadow, we fancy
that the substance to which it belongs cannot be far
off. When we hear the howling of the jackal, we
expect that the roaring of the lion will presently
begin. Mr. Christopher has again been talking, and
in a style which makes us believe that he is again the
avant courier and " utensil " of his worthy
master. He is reported to have made the fol-
lowing ominous remark at the Horncastle agricul-
tural meeting, held last week :—" Improvements
like those which this society promoted had reduced
the price of wheat in forty years thirty per cent.,
leaving as good a profit to the cultivator as at the
higher rate. This was the true way of promoting
the welfare of all classes, which hurried and ex-
travagant legislation could never do." This is to be
" the ticket," good Mr. " Pilot Balloon," is it ?
Sir Robert is presently to tell the agriculturists,
that the time for a further change is at last
arrived ; that, judging of the future by the past, and
calculating what improvements in agriculture can do
by a reference to what they have effected, the British
cultivator will be able still, as Mr. Christopher says,
with fair profits, to sell his corn at such reduced
prices that he need not fear the competition of
foreigners. The wind points in that direction,
we feel sure, and, before long, we shalt see the
great " monster balloon" borne along by the same
current in which "the pilot" is now sailing. Mr.
Christopher is not a very clever person, but he has
just small cunning enough not to commit himself to
such things as we have quoted without having some-
body at his back to bear him through all scrapes
into which his valorous marchinFr in the van of Mi-
111bLe1 Lill LCI 8-11 f eI32ILIVII 0,11.
We cannot say of the parties now before us, that
Ulysses spoke, but Minerva prompted. We must
rather put it, Christopher found the words, but Peel
inspired the thoughts.—Liverpool Albion.

" THE DUKE."—A veteran officer of the Peninsu-
lar war, and native of the town of Dunbar, applied lately
to his old commander, the Duke of Wellington, for pro-
m idol' to his son, who had served a considerable time
as ensign in the Regiment of Foot. In his letter
he reminded the Duke of some particular action when
he had signalised himself—in fact, fought many of their
battles oer again. By return of post he received a letter,
regretting that it was not in his Grace's power to meet
his wishes at the present time, as there were no vacan-
cies, but to be assured that nothing would afford him
more gratification than to serve an old friend. The
Duke kept his word, for in two posts after he received
another letter, intimating his son's promotion to a Lieu-
tenancy in Regiment of Foot. Instances of this
kind (which, we believe, are numerous), should be told.
They are certainly as honourable to his Grace as they
aro creditable to the officers who receive and deserve
them.—Edinburgh Evening Post.
WIIAT IS A MAN'S BODY WORTH.—This question
was put 137 the Secondary, on Friday, in the course of
a trial which took place before him, under the following
circumstances :—A surgeon of the name of Buchanan,
residing at Ratcliff-cr.ss,' brought an action
a person of the name of Clark, to recover a sum of about
41. for surgical attendance and medicine. As the money
was not forthcoming, the plaintiff's solicitor sent his
clerk with a copy of against a
a writ, when Mr. Clark candidly
said to him, " It is of no use your leaving me the copy
of a writ, for I have two executions now in the house,
and my body is all you can have." The Secondary,
upon this, asked the plaintiff's attorney what was now
the value of a man's body ? it seemed that they were
only going to a great expense for nothing. The at-
torney said he feared such was the case, but the action
had been commenced when the new law came into ope-
ration. In the same case a certificate was produced by
the beadle of the Apothecaries' Company, in order to
show Mr. Buchanan's right to practise, and upon which
the. Secondary observed a very
unusual endorsement, and
inquired what it meant. The beadle said it was an
authority to practise in the city of London. The Se-
condary thought all certificates were the same. The
beadle said that certificates generally did not give per-
mission to practise nearer than ten miles of London, but
the endorsement could be obtained upon the payment of
a fee. The Secondary smiled at the business-like
habits of the Apothecaries' Company,
and the matter
ended.

--AP FGHANISTAN REPTlLms.—During the rainy
season we were much annoyed by the number of snakes
and rats which infested our bungalows. These vermin
every description, apartment.
aud The
bheedsn course,a It
exceed-
ingly wered
oa ri
smo ne do
ums
aolfmt,h-Aeutitystswp
dangerous. I killed several in me
throughi n her bat thhe- rd-oroami
n.
my wife was much alarmed two or thYree timmeosinby; ;and
Teannocme
venomous
a reptilelarge cobra t do iecoamp: 1
il
no
which was made for carrying off the water, and she
therefore desired the ayah to stop the aperture up. This
lailfeeaN
was done; but a day or two afterwards, on goingp. to
take the customary morning bath, she was much fright-
ened by the appearance of the snake standing erect, Nvith
his hood extended, in a corner of the room. On hear-
ing her scream, I rushed to the place, and soon with a
stick dispatched the intruder. The opening of the drain,
it appeared, had been partially stopped up
by small
•
pieces of brick; but the reptile had still managed to
' squeeze himself through. When inside, he had caught
and swallowed a musk-rat, which so considerably in-
creased his bulk that he could not make his retreat by
the small hole through which he had entered, and thus
lost his life through his gluttony. It is seldom that an
European is bitten, although instances of very narrow
escapes are constantly occurring. . . , . The common
rats are nearly as great a plague [as the musk-rats.]
During the whole night they will scuttle and scramble
about the house, disturbing everybody by their
gambols.
Their depredations, also, are Tost daring, and quite in
the wholesale line. I remember onceing, at Ghazeepore,
after a review, taking off my coat and accoutrements,
and throwing them down on a sofa. From among the
things a silk handkerchief and my dress sash were
speedily missing. As the natives are very fond of silk
articles, I naturally suspected that the servants had
apprised stolen them; and, accordingly, they were A L,unt,
if the missing things were not found, their wages would
he stopped to replace them. Some lays after this oc-
currence I discovered a rat-bole through the false screen
in front of the fireplace, snd, on removing it, found not
only the missing handkerchief and. sash, but about half-
a-dozen napkins and towels,
which had been lost from
time to time. These were all evidently carried thither
and made into a bed by the rats. They must have taken
the towels from off a wooden horse in my dressing-room,
and dragged them across two other apartments to their
hiding-place.—Lieut. Greenwood.
MORE AMALGAMATIONS--"THE LEEDS AND BOL-
TON LINES.—We understand that negotiations are already
far advanced for a union of the Manchester and Leeds
and Manchester and Dolton Railway Companies by
atnalgation. The rumour of such arrangement has caused
the shares of both companies to advanee'considerably.—
$ Railway Record. ' -

INFLUENCE of BURYING-CLUBS in
AUGMENTING the MORTALITY.

PREMIUMS ON THE DEATH OF CHILDREN.

In the evidence of one of the physicians examined
before the Commissioners of Inquiry into the state of
large towns, &c., whose first report has just appeared;
we observe these words :—" I used often to observe
great apathy in a certain class about the death of
their children. They did not seem to look on the
death of the young as the great evil which it is com-
monly regarded ; they said, ' God took care of young
children who died; that their death did not matter
much ; that life was full of hardships and-misery, and
that the child was provided for when it died.' This
feeling I found to be rather c0mm0n."—(3,313, yr.
203). The picture here presented is true to nature
so far as it goes ; but the shades in which it must be
finished, we regret to say, are of a much deeper grain
than those yet laid on. 'There is not merely indif-
ference among the labouring population of England
in regard to the death of their children ; in some
places there is a positive premium upon the
event, and that to such an amount that instead of
Dog-stealers' Bilis, and Chimney-sweepers' Bills, and
Blacklegs' Bills, we shall, next session of Parliament,
have to get some intelligent legislator to introduce a
Bill to prevent English men and English women
from being accessory, in cold blood, to the destruc-
tion of their own offspring!
The new sacrifice to Moloch is perpetrated in this
way : soon after a child is born, it is entered on the
books of as many burying-clubs as the parents can
command funds to pay for. The sums subscribed to
each is but a few pence, or even half-pence, weekly ;
so that parties being in full employment can some-
times afford to have the name on the register of ten
or a dozen of these societies. And the investment
may always be made a profitable one : the hapless
child has but to be killed by exposure, by neglect and
worse treatment, to give these unnatural "parents a
claim upon the several societies of which they have en-
rolled their infant a member, to the extent in all, per-
haps, of 301., 401., and even 50/.!
We feel the hot blood rising to our cheek, as the
outward sense follows the pen that is fixing indelibly
such statements as these, which will soon be before
the public in all their revolting details, authenticated
by the Commission whose first report is referred to
above.

What comment shall we make, what comment can
he made, upon a state of society so horrible—a state
of society in which one of the first and most power-
ful impulses of the human heart is set at nought ?
Tigers and wolves give suck, and laying their savage
natures by, tenderly wait upon and cherish their
young. Man and woman, made more than wolf or-
tiger by force of circumstances, beget children in the
prospect of deriving pecuniary advantage from their
death I

The difficulty of living, the recklessness that is en-
gendered by the pressure of vice and misery, and the
daily and familiar contact with them, lead men first,
to despise the laws of God, which are also those of,
nature, and then to defy the laws of man—to set fire
to the rick that contain the harvests which their own
hands have toiled for and gathered, and so to de-
stroy in an hour the bounty of a year—to smother
natural affection in their hearts, and doom their own
flesh and blood to premature death, that they may
have a fuller meal and a draught of beer the more !
Great God! is it not horrible ? What may be done
to abate the fast accumulating load of guilt and in-,
famy under which we must needs be whelmed if we
sit supine ? We put it to our brethren to meditate
this subject, and to use the light and information they
so commonly possess for the illumination of those'
among our men of rank and influence with whom, in
the course of the holidays, so many of them aro
brought into contact. Let them remind these our
leaders that the time is not long gone by, when de-
fective
legislation raised the price of a perishable hu-
man carcase to such a height, that it became a tempta-
tion to commit murder ; and that at one time sub-
jects were selected for the dissecting-room in the
streets, just as sheep and oxen are selected for the
shambles in the fields.—Medical Gazette.

MEDICAL PROTECTION
ASSEMBLY.

A general meeting of the members of the Medical
Protection Assembly was held yesterday afternoon
at Exeter Hall, for the purpose of taking into consi-
deration the clauses of the Medical Reform Bill,
lately introduced into the House of Commons by Sir
James Graham.

Several of the most distinguished members of the
medical profession were present.
J. C. CARPUE' Esq., M.D., was called to the chair.
lie said that he had been a teacher, and had lived it)
dissecting rooms and theatres for upwards of half a
century.—(Cheers.) He hail attended colleges and
schools of surgery in every part of Europe, and in all
his travels he had not found any body of medical men
so highly qualified as in England, and he thought
that. properly qualified practitiQners should receive
that protection to which they were entitled.--(Cheers.)
The SECRETARY then read a report, from which it
appeared that the council of the College of Surgeons
refused to receive a deputation of the members of the
medical profession on the subject of certain grievances
in the constitution of the college.
The adoption of the report was then moved, se
conded, and carried unanimously. A vote of thanks
was passed to the Committee. After the ;transaction
of some other business,
Mr. WAKLBY, M.P., who was received with the
most enthusiastic cheering, rose to address the meet-
ing. He severely censured the conduct of the Col-
lege of Surgeons as arbitrary and unjust. The me-
dical professioi knew what would ensue if they
longer submitted to the domination which
it had exercised, and which the Act,
if passed, would give them -the power of exercising.
They had been insulted by the Council of the Col
lege, and he would refuse, if he were in practice, to
meet any one of its members in consultation ; and if
he felt that that man could save his life, he should not
enter his (Mr. W.'s) bed-room. You (added the
lion. Gentleman) have not a house of your own ; you
cannot meet in the College of Physicians; and at
Apothecaries Hall there is no place for you.—
(Laughter.) If you are suffering injustice in your
profession, to whom can you appeal ? To no one.
Although you have colleges, you dare not enter them.
You cannot—you dare not exercise any function in
any of these colleges, without asking permission of
the ruling powers, who are not of your choosing.
If they manifested their hostility against the Bill
which he held in,his hand, it would never become the
law of the realm. He regretted that the House of
Commons was disinclined to hear anything relating
to the medical profession. In conclusion, he called
upon the profession to attend the meeting which
would be held on Tuesday next at Exeter Hall.
Several other gentlemen then addressed the meet-
ing, after which the assembly went into committee
on the Bill, and proceeded to discuss the clauses
seriatim, which occupied them a considerable portion
of the evening.

MANCHESTER UNITY OF ODD
FELLOWS.

The third annual dinner of the North London Dis-
trict of this society took place yesterday, at the
White Conduit-house Tavern, Pentonville. About
400 persons sat down to dinner, which was furnished
in very excellent style, and ample justice was done to
it on the occasion. An excellent band was in attend-
ance under the direction of Mr. Byrne. James
Duncombe, Esq., presided.
After the cloth had been removed,
The CumumAN gave the health of the Queen, which
he prefaced with very appropriate observations.
Drank with three times three. Air, " God save
the Queen."

The CHAIRMAN next gave the health of his Royal
Highness the Prince of Wales, Which was drank with
enthusiasm.

His Royal Highness Prince Albert, and the other
members of the Royal Family, was next proposed, and
drank with three times three.

The CHAIRMAN next proposed the health of her
Majesty the Queen Dowager, the patroness of the
Widow and Orphan Society. The toast was drank
with all the honours.

The CHAIRMAN then rose and said, the next toast
he had to propose was " Prosperity to the Board of
Directors, and the Independent Order of Odd Fel-

other day offered by one of thp stewards a book cm-
taining the laws and regulations of the Society. He
read it with great pleasure • and though he had fre-
quently read the laws and orders of many benefit
societies, he had never met with any equal to theirs.
It was an equitable code from beginning to end, and
was worthy of the perusal of all those who had the
power of making laws.—(Hear, hear.) If they would
peruse the laws of that Society, they would derive
great instruction, and the public would not have to
complain of the passing of so many unjust laws.—
(Hear, hear.) Their laws were such that a bad
member could not long remain amongst them.—
(Hear.) Everything done tended to promote kind-
ness, fellow-feeling, and morality.—(Hear, hear.)
Not only were there pecuniary advantages derived
from the Society, but all cases of accidents and sick-
ness were immediately attended to. The parties re-
ceiving its benefits were exonerated altogether from
applying for parish relief.—(Hear, hear.) Each
member had a claim for relief under a contract, as a
right, and not as a charity. That was the position in
which he wished to see the whole country placed,
and he believed, when the benefits which the Society
conferred became more generally known, it would
receive large accessions to the vast numbers which it
already embraced.—(Hear, hear.) They not only
provided for the wants of the living, but
there was also an ample fund provided by the So-
ciety for the burial of distressed members. In the
hour of death, that time of greatest distress, there was
121. allowed to the wife for the burial of her husband,
and 71. allowed the husband for the burial of his wife.
—(Hear, hear.) They, moreover, gave encourage.
ment to industry, for they paid the travelling ex-
penses of a member when he had no work, and wished
to go elsewhere, where there was a likelihood of ob-
taining it. It was, therefore, a Society which every
well-thinking man ought to join, for it was the duty
of every good member of Society to relieve the dis-
tressed.—(Hear, hear.) He wished that it might be-
come a rich and a great body, and that it might rea-
lise the most sanguine expectations of those who were
most interested in its prosperity and success.
Mr. ROWE corresponding secretary, spoke to the
toast. He thanked the Committee for selecting him
to speak to the toast. He returned his best thanks for
the manner in which the toast was proposed, and for
the enthusiasm with which it was received. He
looked on this as a pledge of the continued
prosperity of the Society of Odd Fellows.
A few years ago the Society was little known, or
only known as a subject of ridicule. It was said it
would prove a curse instead of a blessing to join
their ranks ; but the public mind was now disabused
of that impression ; and amongst the other means of
aid given to produce that effect, that of the public
press was not the least.—(llear, hear.) They had
many obstacles to contend with; yet they had now
340 districts, above 4,000 lodges, and not less than
250,000 members.—(Cheers.) rom accounts which
he had received during the last week, he was con-
vinced that their numbers were now still larger.
They wished to say nothing derogatory of any other
society ; on the contrary, they held out the hand of
good fellowship to all. But as a benefit society they
(the Manchester Unity of Odd Fellows) were second
to none in existence.—(Hear, hear.) They relieved
the distressed, the poor traveller, and the sick. They
gave funeral donations, and they had the Widow and
Orphan Fund.—(Hear, hear.) A great amount of
good was done by the Society, and a still greater
amount of evil was prevented. The Society was cal-
culated to promote good and useful objects, and every
member should use his utmost exertions in FO good a
cause. But they attended not only to the phy-
sical wants of the members ; they also sup-
plied intellectual food—(Hear, hear)—for they
had established classes for mutual instruction, and
schools for the gratuitous education of orphan chil-
dren.--(Hear, hear.) Surely such a Society was
calculated to elevate man in the moral scale ; and
after all it was not surprising that so mang thousands
of all classes had united themselves under the ban-
ner of " Friendship, Love, and Truth."—(Cheers.)
They desired that the improvement of the Society
might advance with the times, and that when they
saw a fellow-man in any part of the world, they
would only see the face of a brother.—(Cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN then proposed the health of the
Army and Navy. Drank with three times three.
The CHAIRMAN next proposed the increased suc-
cess and prosperity of the North London District of
the Manchester Unity of Odd Fellows, which was
drank with all the honours.
Grand Master LANCASTER spoke to the toast. The
North London District now contained 74 lodges, and
4,300 members, and the state of their funds was most
flourishing.—(Hear, hear.) He had lately planted a