The Sun.
London, England, 1826-05-02 00:00:00

Horses and Colts -
Oteu, Cows, and Calves
Sheep, and Lambs -
Swine - - -

1 to 42 acres.
1 to 18 do.
1 to 10 do.
1 to 35 do.

1 to 106
1 to 24
1 to 24
1 to 52

If it he considered, that since the year in which the facts ex-
hibited in this statemenrwefiallected,-Vstraiitfrry liUs suffered
severely from being the theatre of war, ifrom three changes of
sovereigns, and from the low prices of allroduce, it Will scarce-
ly appear probable that it has so increased In wealth as to have
added materially to its stock of cattle, or even to have kept np
that stock to the standard which it bad reached before those visi-
tations. It appears by the statistical account of the lordship of
Pulaway and Konskowk, in the province of Lublin, which is
considered to be one of the best managed estates in Poland, con-
sisting of 119,232 English acres, that 'dke.stock of cattle, Includ-
ing those of the proprietor and his subjects or tenants, is some-
what below what the Prussian accounts show of the average of
the provincn.of Plock in the year 1803. It appears to be (see
Appendix, No. 18), thus--

I Om or 01 to •
1 Sheep of Lamb to -
1 Horse to .
1 Yig to

Atth4.
- SlBl
- 19
166
- 140

No country can be much better adapted for the breeding of
sheep than the greater part of the kingdom of Poland. Where-
ever it is attended to Arith due skill, it is found to be beneficial;
but the poverty of the landholders, and their want of know-
ledge of the advantages to be derived from that kind of live-stock,
keeps them from devoting their land to their propagation.
A very intelligent physician, a native of Germany, whose ac-
quaintance I hail the pleasure to make in Poland, and who devotes
the money acquired by his medical practice, to the purchase and
the cultivation of land, told me that he purchased, four or five
years before, a flock of fine-woolled sheep of the Saxon electo.ral
breed; that he had already sold in fleeces and lambs as much as
had replaced the whole capital expended, and had at present double
the number which he bad originally purchased. This striking
instance of success, in an experiment in rural economy, is known
to most of the cultivators; and yet it has been able to produce
such few followers, that I was assured there were yet in Poland
only two other flocks of unmixed fine-woollecl Merino sheep. This
gentleman was one of the first that hail cultivated green crops on
an extensive scale for feeding sheep; and though the benefit of it
was obvious, both in the produce of the wool, and the increase of
the quantity and quality of his corn, it has had but little influence
hitherto on the conduct of others, and that little is confined to a
small spot near the capital.
Of the sheep in Poland, the best are those it the province
of Lublin ; but they are very far inferior to the breed of Saxony.
The cows are a smallish race, and generally kept in bad Condi-
tion, both as to food and cleanliness. They are for the most
part stall-fed, but from negligence yield very little butter and no
tolerable cheese.

With the exception of a part of the two-southernmost pro-
vinces, as before noticed, the soil of Poland is of such a thin
nature, that where it is moderately farmed, it can scarcely be
made to bear a medium crop of wheat more frequently than
once in nine years. 1 examined a farm in the province of
Lublin, the proprietor of which is in easy circumstances, and
possesses several' other estates. The extent of this farm is about
5,500 acres. The Nye stock consisted of 60 milch cows, which
are let to dairymen at about 19s. per year each ; some few young
cattle, eight or nine horses, and between five and pie hundred
sheep. The ploughing is performed by two oxen, for which and
for hiseown labour, 2 days in each week,
the peasant has a house,
firing, and about forty acres of land, to which the manure made
by his oxen is.applied. About 2,000 acres is in this way in the
[ occupation of the peasants. The Manure, therefore, of the cows,
sheep, and horse*, is applicable to the lord's portion of some-
what more than 3,000 acres, and supplies it with more liberality
than is practised on any other land ,near it. The whole is under
3 or 4 times ploughed ;
the plough; there is neither meadow nor permanent pasture.
the second
year potatoes are planted ; the
The rotation of crops is as follows z......the first year a clean fallow,
third year wheat is sown, and in the following spring, clover
amongst it. The fourth and fifth years the clover is either made
into hay, or used for the stall-fed cows and the horses), or feel on
the land by the sheep ;
the sixth year pease, or buck-wheat, are
grown ; then it is for a year; and the Bth year a crop of
rye is grown : and the ninth or last year of the course, the land
is sown with barley, oats, and buck-wheat. •
On this, which is considered a paitern farm, on which I have
reason to believe the increase is greater than on any Other sit
the district, the seed and produce is an follows :—Potatees, about
20 bushels to the acre,
from 16 to 20 toyed ; rye, 2 bushels
planted, and about 200 bushels raised ;
wheat 2 bushels "Wtxl:and
And from 12 to 15 harvested. The barley and oats scarcely
yields four times she eiitantlty sowed; manure i$ aPpliod after the
sowed, and from 12' to 15 reaped ;, buck-wheat, 3 bushels sowed,