The Sun.
London, England, 1844-01-16 00:00:00

THE CURRENCY.
sir,—. TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.
It may possibly be correct, as you state, that I
sun not able to find out when lam beaten. Napoleon
trough t a sin War charge against the English army at
Water' .00. lam willing to take my full share of this
nation al obfr.seness; but I hope you will allow me to
sugg it that it is possible that a small portion of it may
attack also to rmrself. The current circulation of bills
of ex' h
an'se must certainly have been a little older than
the r Jigr, of
1811, Charles 11. ; for I find that James 1., in
of tile .Po'.nted a Committee to inquire into the causes
FAr ;ovation of gold and silver money, and that the
Conan
,ee reported that one of the causes was the use of
exchange.bills of
33:i,4 lam well content to leave these questions of legal
ertitu' Lion concerning the ancient circulation of ac-
kn°' vledgments of debt, upon the footing on which you
I•I" a placed them. Whether the circulation of such in-
Sty uments has existed only from the reign of Charles 11.,
°I in the more remote periods of our history, when mo-
netary debts themselves were only of a trifling amount,
I 3 a question of very little importance, when compared
with the present state of things, in which nearly all the
complicated and innumerable transactions of life
are effected through the agency of monetary debts,
and when the transfer and exchange of acknowledg-
ments of debt for each other has literally become
vital to the existence of society among us. I would
say to you, as I said to Mr. Cobbett in my letter pub-
lished 21 years ago, " Let us leave the dry bones of our
ancestors to moulder amidst the errors and the crimes,
the effects of which have long since passed away, and let
us take care that the present generation of living men is
not precipitated to an early tomb, by measures which
a re far more 'unjust and infinitely more ruinous than any
wvich the m-addest of tyrants have ever attempted or de-
vise d before."

In yoizr journal of the 4th instant you are pleased to
• use a veiry harsh, and not very gentlemanly term, as
applicable to any future reduction of the standard of
value. Tl ae old proverb of " glass houses" should not
be forgott en. The charge of " rascality" should not
be preterced upon light or unjust grounds. Surely,
you do not mean that the 4 per cent. juggle of
1819 is to be made permently a cent. per cent.
fraud upon the r,eople ? The means of the people are cut
down. to the metallic level ; are their burdens to be kept up
at the paper !eve 1 ? The late Lord Liverpool told the
Housss of Lords that their rents•had. been doubled and
trebl rd in paper money. The national debt had been
quaCtrupled.. All the taxes, salafies, and expenses of the
(ro• 'eminent, including the pay of the soldiers, have
be en doubled. Under these doubled oppressions, and
'ceder the paralysis of industry consequent upon the con-
ttiaction of the circulating 5) stein, the people are crushed
down into worse than Egyptian slavery. Mr Cobbett's
Tprophecy, that .‘ without an equitable adjustment,
:2,000,000 of men would die of hunger before the pre-
-sent standard of value could be carried into full effect,"
:is at this very moment being literally fulfilled. Is
• there to be no limit to human cruelty on the one side, or
to human endurance on the other Let us not deceive
-ourselves. This giant fraud is too terrible, and too
mortal to be successful. When the dire agony of the
people shall have carried a free trade in corn, which it
-certainly will do, how long, do you think, it will then be
,before tree trade is carried also in sugar, coffee, tea,
tobacco, and in all the other articles the restrictions
upon which now provide the revenue by which the
national debt is supported ? I can tell you. Under
our pr.-!sent monetary system, just six months.
Then the national debt comes suddenly tumbling
upon our heads. This terrible catastrophe has been
postponed for many years, by all manner of tamperings,
tricks, and contrivances, which are now drawing to an
end. -Under our present system we may now almost
count the months which precede the breaking up of the
tremendous debacle. Something must be done to arrest
aids mortal ruin. What then is best for the fund-
sowners and tax-receivers?—to cut down the standard of
rvalue, and thereby to secure safety, justice, prosperity,
-and contentment to them and to all classes? or to reduce
the monetary burdens of the people correspondently with
the reduction of their monetary means? or to leave the
fundowners and landowners, tax-receivers and tax-
Payers, to perish all under one common ruin? Un-
doubtedly, the first of these operations is the easiest and
the best for all classes. Perhaps you think, that the
confiscation of the land will save the national debt.
Vain hope. The landowners have yet the main political
power of the State in their own hands. They will all
become free traders in their own defence; and the mort-
gagees, a most formidable body of men, will most cer-
tainly throw their weight into the landowners' scale.
Be assured, Sir, that if the Jews and lawyers persist
in demanding payment of their " Jewish bond" in a
quarter of an ounce of gold for every poand sterling of
Inglish tax, rent, debt, and obligation, there is but one
gray in which nature will allow them to enforce it with-
out bringing down ruin upon their own heads. They
must substitute totally the use of paper-money in the
place of gold and silver coin in England; and they
must prevail upon France and America to act upon a
asimilar policy. By these means only can they occasion
much a depreciation in the value of gold and silver
:throughout Europe as will enable them to keep down
the market prices of gold and silver at their present
level, whilst all other prices rise to that remunerating
level which is absolutely necessary to the prosperity of
industry and to the very existence of society in England.
Paper Money has carried our country through many a
trying scene. With wisdom, fortitude, and justice at
our head, it may yet carry us through a more formidable
scene that has ever yet presented itself in the history of
England before.—l am respectfully, Sir, your obedient
bumble servant, THOMAS ATTWOOD.
Birmingham, Jan. 9.

FARMING EXPERIMENTS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Having read in your paper of Mon-
"lay last a letter addressed to you by " an expe-
xiinental farmer," giving the results of some
Pexperiments with different manures, made by
klaiiiiself on a farm in his occupation in Cheshire,
:from which it appears that the use of guano was
productive of injury to his pasture, and loss of
crop, I am induced to offer a few observations,
With a view to place the true cause of failure
before your readers.
I used guano last year to a considerable extent,
in top-dressing wheat, oats, ano. pasture ; and,
;also, as the only manure for Swede turnips, and
a portion of my potato crop, and found it emi-
nently successful in all these cases. On the
Pasture 1i cwt. of guano per statute acre, with
an equal weight of ashes were strewed on the
3401 of March, and produced an excellent crop,
allowed on the 3d and 4th of July. The wheat
was dressed with similar quantities on the 17th
March, and the oats with 1 cwt. of guano per
acre, mixed with an equal quantity Of coal ashes,
which much facilitates even spreading. Both
Sorts of corn were strong in growth, of a vivid
Peen, and yielded well. The potatoes were
planted in rows, two feet apart, covered lightly
with earth and guano, at the rate of 3 cwt. per
acre, then strewed along the rows, which were
afterwards fully covered in. The produce in
nest
case rather exceeded that raised from the
dung from fatting pens. The turnip seed
was drilled in, and 4 of guano per acre,
With equal bulk of ashes, were then strewed
1,11-P5ll the land, and the manure harrowed in
" Lth the seed. The crop was more than an
average one, though the field was of very in-
ferior
The real cause of " experimental farmer's"
i43ilare was excess of guano, which contains
07100th of ammonia, and therefore no wonder
at
of his pasture was burned, by an application
5 cwt. per acre. Guano is a most valuable
manure, but it requires to be used with judg-
ment, and where much is required should be put
ill moderate quantities, at different times.
One cwt. applied to pasture land in February,
another in March, and the third in April, would
highly beneficial, but the 3 cwt. applied at
re time would do harm. The work is best done
.14 showery weather.—l am, Sir, &c.
-Batt), Jan. 12, 1844, PHILO JUSTITI2E.

AIR. 'WALLACE, M.P.—lt :affords us pleasure to
Late that the resolution come to by the Town Council
nel_ Paisley, some time ago, for presenting the freedom of
burgh to Mr. Wallace, is likely soon to be fulfilled.
ZThe reason of the somewhat unaccountable delay that has
r`irred regarding the Walling of this duty is, that
Members of Council to whom the task of cor-
'esPonding with Mr. Wallace was allotted, were
Unanimously of opinion that some appropriate token
respect from the inhabitants in compliment to
Ltr- Wallace for his valuable services in securing the
17Y postage, should accompany the freedom voted by
Council. Many gentlemen unconnected with the
'Council having concurred in the this view, the most ap-
ropriate accompaniment that occurred to them was a box
or the burgess ticket, composed of the Wallace oak and
Queen Mary's yew. On application to both Sir
nhil Maxwell and the Elderalie family, the best selec-
lions that could be obtained of cuts from these two
he; famous in the history of Scotland, were most
tyeerfully granted, although considerable difficulty was
-perieneed, and a good deal of search and delay
as necessary before a proper piece of the oak
-nuld l)a% be found. All diffieukies of this kind
16,1; however, now been surmounted, and on
obtained a beautiful design from
Via' li`Clure, artist, Glasgow, the design and classical
tv,_aterials alluded to, have been put into the hands of Mr.
oc'el inre, carver, Exchange-square, who has now got the
vhe n a considerable state of forwardness, and which,
441?finiabed, will be a most appropriate gift for the
, esentative of the Wallace family, as well as a splendid
bc:44s'oorate piece of art. Amongst other devices, the
with will be embellished with the arms of Wallace, and
those of the town, placed ,in conspicuous places.—
4iu 1.90tv Evening Post.
the"g ladies who indulge in bed too many hours
orning would do well (divested of curl-papers of
Course)titkto copy the example of their youthful Sovereign,
IGgenerally breakfasts at eight o'clock.
*t'!I,arIEtICI.ILTUAL IMPROVEDIENTS.—Arronst the many
Iloln!ed improvements progressing in the district of South
toicolawdov!ry gratifyit.ig to observe that the systetn or
r sub-soil draining is exciting general attention, and
when its admirable effects arc more widel known and ap-
PBlse.cluatecl, secure its universal adoption In:
atre7"'Mß, Moulton, Long Sutton, Kirto; F tkhe
Frampton,
of
feat 14‘dInder-draining is carried on with grtearspirit,):radmrep m?,
etreetuavrage. It is quite a mistake to suppse heant it isannin.
is n.tode of draining a flat or level district ; the tie
voull estienably the best, but as it is new in this distlricte, we
these, recommend a trial of some of the cheaper plans. Of
than;:seth_eo the grass sod or wedge for strong grass, and
eket.l r arable lands ;or the Mvertieen mole plough, Which is the

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