The Sun.
London, England, 1844-05-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, ONDON„ ISIONDA,Y EVENING, MAY 6, 1844.

giv J. GRAHAM §aid that his attention had been
called to the case and he had referred to the magistrate,
and asked for his explanation. It was true as had been
stated, that the soldier was intoxicated; that some signals
had passed between him and the woman ; that she
had returned home and locked the door ; that he had
broken down the door and offered violence to her ; that
she had screamed, on which her neighbours entered and
rescued her ; the soldier had been given into custody, and
the charge had been brought before a police magistrate.
The charge entered on the sheet was that of Mary
Brown, 4, street, Westminster, for breaking in her
door, value one shilling. The magistrate on heariag
the case was satisfied that the man was intoxicated, and
that he had misunderstood the woman entirely in con-
sequence of what had passed between them in the street.
The door was an extremely slender one, and the lock
was so worn as t) offer no resistance. The magistrate
was not satisfied as to the extent of the violence com-
mitted, and therefore did not feel justified in dealing with
the prisoner as for a graver offence. He might certainly have
committed the prisoner for an aggravated assault, but
under all the circumstances of the case—especially re-
ferring to what had previously taken place in the street,
and that the actual damage was valued only at a shilling
—the magistrate considered the justice of the case would
be met by the penalty. imposed. With respect to the
charge that the magistrate had made drunkenness a
plea in extenuation of the offence, the Hon. Member for
Cockermouth (Mr. Horsman), taking his information
from the newspapers, had been greatly misled.
A statement he held in his hand from Mr. Jar-
dine distinctly denied this,' and asserted on the
contrary that he (Mr. Jardine) could not allow such a
plea to weigh for one moment with him in the adj udica-
tion of punishment.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. HORSMAN considered the explanation of the
Right Hon. Gentleman was perfectly satisfactory, and
that from the latter portion of it especially great public
good would accrue.
Messengers from the Lords brought down several
Bills.

which I allude. I am afraid there is not an universal
agreement as to what is in this country the standard,
and what merely constitutes the measure, of
value. I invite discussion on that first and
preliminary question, the foundation of all value.
I want to ask what is, by the law and practice of this
country, its measure of value ; what is that which de-
termines all contracts ? I strip this question of all
merely technical phrases, I want to consider it in a
popular point of view. The denomination of value is a
pound; I will not talk of measures of value, I speak only of
that with which your are in the everyday. occurrences
of life perfectly familiar, and my first question is, what
is a pound, and what is the engagement to pay a pound?
and unless you are agreed upon that, it is in vain to
attempt to legislate upon this subject. If a pound is a
mere visionary fiction, a fiction which does not exist
either in theory or value, in that case another
class of measures relating to paper currency will
be necessary. But if the word " pound," a common
denomination of value, signifies something more than a
mere visionary fiction ; if a pound mean a quantity of
the precious metals, of certain weight and certain fineness ;
if that be the definition of a pound, another class of mea-
sures relating to paper currency will be requisite. Now, the
whole foundation ofmy measures rests upon the assumption
that according to practice, according to law, according
to the ancient monetary policy of this country, the
meaning of a pound is neither more nor less than a cer-
tain definite quantity of gold, with a mark upon it to
define its weight and fineness, and that the engagement
to pay a pound means nothing, and can mean nothing
else than the promise to pay to the holder on demand
a definite quantity of the precious metal.—(Hear, hear.)
Therefore, I ask, what is the meaning of a pound ac-
cording to the ancient monetary policy of this country ?
The origin of the term was this :—ln the reign of Wil-
liam the Conqueror a pound of silver was the pound of
account. The pound represented both the weight of
metal and the denomination of money. By successive
debasements of the currency a great alteration was
made, not in the main, but in the intrinsic value of the
pound sterling ; and it was not until a late period of the
reign of Queen Elizabeth that silver, then being the
standard of value, received that determinate weight
which it retained, without variation, with constant refusals
to alter it, until the year 1716, when gold was substituted
for silver as the exclusive standard of value. But the
standard of value observed up to the year 1716 was that
fixed in 1567. In the year 1717 the value of the guinea
was determined to be 215., and for a certain period
both gold and silver constituted the standard of value.
But in the year 1774, it was enacted that no debt should
be discharged in silver for more than 25/., and
then, in some measure, gold became the standard
of value, and continued so until the year 1797,
when that fatal measure, the Bank Restriction Act,
was passed—(Cheers)—and parties were permitted to
issue paper at their discretion, not convertible into coin.
That led not only to a new course of practice in
monetary:affairs, but to new theories and notions as
to the standard of value.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.')
From the year 1797 to 1810 the public mind was satisfied
with these theories ; and it was not until the latter year,
that men of sagacity, observing that the exchanges had
been for a considerable period unfavourable to this coun-
try—more so than could be accounted for by what was
called the balance of trade—invited the attention of the
Government and the Parliament to the subject,- and
a Committee was appointed by this House to investi-
gate the matter. Various opinions were suggested
by the persons examined • but it was generally main-
tained that the pound sterling meant a definite quantity
of the precious metals, and that those persons who pro-
mised, in their issues of paper, to pay a pound sterling,
were bound to pay that definite quantity of gold or
silver.—(Hear, hear.) That opinion was very much
contested, and the House of Commons was not very wil-
ling to acquiesce in it. From 1797 up to that period
(1810) the prevailing opinion of the public was
that the opinion was a mere visiouary speculation, and
that something other than a particular weight of the
precious metalse must be understood by. a pound sterling.
Mr. Horner, and those who agreed with him, published
their opinions ; but, Sir, I must do them the justice to
say, that they did state what they meant by a pound
sterling. They gave their definition; which, I
must also say has not been the case with gentlemen
who have published pamphlets upon the monetary
question of late years. They never tell us what
they mean by a pound sterling.—(Hear, hear.)
One of thema said, a pound may be defined to be " a
sense of value in reference to currency as compared
with commodity."— (A laugh.) Now as that did not
appear to be a very intelligiole definition, another writer,
who fancied that some better definition was needed
a pound, than that it was " a sense of value in reference
to currence as compared with commodity," gave this
definition. The standard, (said he,) is a unit, and the
numerical value of that unit is the interest of 33/. 6s. Bd.
at three per cent.—(Laughter)--Ithat- being aid.
and that which being paid in a bank-note :nay be styled
money of account." I will only trouble the House with
one more quotation, the last definition with which I skall
trouble the House, of the standard of value as given at
that period is this, " the standard is neither gold nor
silver but something set up by the imagination
to be regulated by public opinion"—(Laughter)—and it
was supposed at that time that the doctrines propounded
by the Bullion Committee were visionary theories,
which had never been acted in the foriner mone-
tary history of the country. This, however, was
not the case, as any one will perceive who
will refer to the works of writers on the currency
who flourished before the year 1797. Mr. Locke, Sir
William Petty, all those who wrote before 1797, and
who had never been familiar with an inconvertible paper
currency, advocated the same principles that were advo-
cated by the Bullion Committee. Mr. Harris, an
officer of the Mint, who wrote about one
hundred years since, said—" All countries have
established a certain standard of weight and fineness for
their several species of coin. In England a certain
quantity of fine silver is appointed to be the standard."
He was writing at the time when silver was
the standard in England, " and all payments abroad
are regulated by the course of exchange that is
founded on the intrinsic value of the metal and not on
the name." Thus this gentleman, who wrote nearly a
hundred years ago, laid down the
atnrutieeipparitnhcmipelef
trheespeeecnt--
day. He inH e said, " 'We may alter,
,We may break
iti
frn con-
troversies
ee thersi
esplease,ef measureo theur
presentodenominationof value. d,
public faith if we like, but foreigners will make
ample allowances for whatever we may do in that way."
And however we may rob and cheat one another, they
will secure themselves, and make an advantage of our
distress by causing the exchanges to be against
us." That was written one hundred
I have and fifty
quoted
yyeetaed
years
ago,ntaian nsd
wwyhnoPleinit°rnue
ticiepassage
doctrine of the standard
contains
tihne
of value.—(Hear, bear.) I wish I could say these
elementary principles were generally accepted. But it
has been my duty to read different publications, and I
am perfectly convinced that whilst there is an universal
discussion of this question, there is no agreement
as to what constitutes the standard of value. Men
surely give proofs of their knowledge and sincerity
when they publish octavo volumes.—(Hear, and
laughter.) Here is a book published in Bir-
minghain—(loud laughter)—and dated the 25th of Jan.
1844.—(Continued laughter.) I wish to do justice to all
that I really do believe
than Birmingham you
pthaarttiesin and
any thereforeether ltow san
might in vain look for such a publication.—(Great
laughter.) And further I will __
Say that until
book was published I did not believe it was in the
power of any one man to write such a quantity of non •
sense.—(Cheers, and great laughter.) The production
is genuine.— (Laughter.) It is because such non-
sense" as this is published, that I am most
anxious the] different principles contended for
should be thoroughly tested and understood. The writer
of such books as this laughs at the notion that
we are to have the standard of value now which we had
three hundred years ago. They sayi the commercial
and mercantile transactions have so increased now to
what they w ere in the time of Elizabeth, that we show a
great want of knowledge in maintaining the standard as
it is. Why there would be just as much sense in saying
that, with our increased pcylation, our various railways,
and the many new circumstances which attend
our position, that we now ought to have six-
teen inches to a foot.—(Laughter and cheers.)
There is no more reason why you should not say that
the pound should be the standard of value than you
should say that a foot should be a foot and a half. But
then it is said that it is a great injustice to allow the
Bank to issue gold at '3l. 17s. lOid. an ounce. What is
the meaning of their doing so ? Why, it is no more or
less than this, that it was the relation that silver
bore to gold with respect to value. If a calculation
was made it will be fouud that the relation that gold
bears to silver is 15 and 2-13ths to one. But, then, it
is said, why skould not tho Bank issue gold at the rate
of 5/. the ounce—that is to say that 5/. should be equiva-
lent to 3t. t 75.101 d., but when you came to tell the foreigner
that an ounce of gold represents 51. The foreigner will
sal he will not be bound by such a medium'. You might
raise the value of the sovereign to two or three and twenty
shillings, but there will be no corresponding value in other
parts. The present market value of gold to silver differs
very little now to what was established in the reign of
George the Third. Silver is ss. per ounce, certainly
not ss. 2d., but the relative value of gold to silver differs
very little from what it has been. Those who
contend for a relaxation of the currency, contend, and
rightly, that an abundance of the precious
metals, though it would not alter the value of gold to
gold, yet it would have an influence on prices which
would act in favour of the debtor. But 1 very much
doubt, looking at the increased supply of gold from
Russia and other places, that even if they took off the
pressure altogether, they would procure a relaxation of
contracts by adopting silver for our currency instead of
gold. The third objection is this—that it it most unwise
to take so considerable an article as gold to serve for
the purposes of coin, because it is also an article of
commerce. And wise men write pamphlets to show that
we have taken gold as our coin, and to serve as our
measure of value, which es bullion and as an article of
commerce it is likely to bo taken out of the country.
Now I maintain that it is
,just because
gold is an article of commerce—(Hear, hear)--
subjected to the same laws which govern other articles of
commerce that it is fit to be made the standard. Because
precisely the same laws as regulate the import
and the possession of all other articles of com-
merce regulates the import and the possession
by this country of gold. Bullion is distributed
according to certain laws which we may not well under-
stand. It is distributed over several conntries, according
to the several necessities of each country ; according
to principles which the people of those countries do not,
perhaps, dive into; but in general I contend that the
supply of bullion is regulated by the same principle
which governs other articles of trade. Some say when
we have a deficient harvest, and there is a great demand
for corn, all our corn leaves the country because we have
no other manufactured article at the time to send in
exchange for it, But I believe that bullion has rather a

preference over coin for that purpose ; because the ex-
porters have a guarantee that it is of a
certain weight and fineness Depend upon it,
coin will never be sent out of the country,
unless it is more profitable to send it. When
corn is dearer compared with other :articles, the fact
that the laws which govern it, are exactly the same,
is proved by this, that when there is a
sudden demand for corn or anything else ; if it
is more profitable to send woollen, or cot-
ton, or other manufactures in exchange for it,
they will be sent out of the country instead of gold.
Therefore coin and bullion are identically the same,
and there is no reason why coin should be exported in
exchange more than any other article whatever. I have
now stated the great elementary truth which I apply to
the measure. Now. if there are contradictions I want
them to be pointed out by a clear and definite
statement on the other side.—(Hear, hear.)
I do not bewilder you by any measures
of value. I have taken a pound. But I object to the
obligation which Hon. Gentlemen might impose upon
me of reading a pamphlet, or perhaps an octavo, stating
what the definition of a pound is ; the real fact is, that
though these are great truths, yet occasionally there are
small occurrences which appear to be contradictions of
them ; and if there are small facts and circumstances
which are not easily explained, ingenious writers take
advantage of them, and say ". these do not conform to
your great principles, and therefore your principles are
not true." Why, when Sir Isaac Newton deduced the
truth that the great planetary- movements were owing to
the great principles of gravitation, there came slight
phenomena and disturbances which he could not recon-
cile; in the course of time, subsequent philosophers
detected his slight errors, and reconciled all those
phenomena and disturbances to the original of the
principle. So that that which at first appeared to be a
contradiction, turned out to be a confirmation of the
truth, and so it will be here too.—(Hear.) Depend upon
it, if you had every cirumstamce—everything tending to
some apparent deviation fully- explained you would find
it would not clash with the great truth originally laid
down. If these principles are correct, it would be con-
sistent with them to establish some other measure of
value than that which you have taken. You might con
sistently with those principles, if you were at li'
berty to decide f.r a new state of society, adop
a silver instead of a gold standard. You might, if
you thought it desirable, adopt a new metal

All the writers of authority on the subject—Sir W.
Petty, Mr. Locke, Mr. Harris, and Lord Coke—were all
decidedly in favour of a single standard of value.
Mr. Locke was of opinion that silver ought to
be the metal selected for the standard of value. He
assigned reasons which appear to me to be erroneous,
why silver instead of gold should be taken as the stand-
ard of value. But as your transactions have been for
so long a period of time founded upon a single
metal, and that metal gold, and as you have determined
that it should perform the functions of the lower order
throughout at least England and Wales, I do hope that
nothing will induce this Rouse to disturb that monetary
system. That which we have now is in exact conformity
with the opinions of the ablest writers on the subject, and
who wrote under a different system, and in conformity with
the opinion of the greatest recent authority on the sub-
ject relative to coin—l mean the first Earl of Liverpool,
and he, in his letter to the Kink, which, I think, contains
as much truth and sound sense on the subject as any
publication that ever ernanat,ql from the press.
k LEFT SPEAKING.)

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
CONSISTORY COURT, May 4.
LORD DYSART V. LADY DYSART.

This case craw on for hearing on Saturday, before
Dr. Lushington, and the arguments, no doubt, must
occupy some days longer. Lord Dysart sues his wife
for restitution of conjugal rights. Lady Dysart pleads
cruelty in many forms as a reason why she ought not to
be compelled to return to cohabitation. The libels on
both sides are voluminous, and set forth the complaints
of the several parties. They were married in 1819, and
lived together, with intermissions, until 1837. The alle
gations of Lady Dysart plead a variety of circumstances
in proof of cruelty; that though at first the husband had
3,0001. a year, and when he came to his title 30,0001. a
year, he lived in a manlier not suited to their rank ; that
his residences, in more than one instance, were almost
without furniture ; that in one house there was
no bedstead, her Ladyship being compelled to
sleep upon a mattress upon the floor. The pro-
visions were served out by his Lordship, and the
Earl and a boy servant had on various occa-
sions, washed the clothes. There were many items, such
as these, and in some oases extreme viol-nce is asserted
to have been used by his Lordship towards his wife. In
replication, Lord Dysart denies those charges, and asserts
that he was anxious for retirement, that the conOuct of his
wife had compelled him occasionally to restrain her, and
that the evidence in support of the charges was sustained
principally by one witness. The Counsel for Lord Dy-
sart had not yet been heard; but, in opening, they stated
that the husband was compelled to adopt the course he
had dime in order to proitet himself from debts con-
tracted by the wife. During the whole of the day the
junior counsel was heard for her Ladyship against being
compelled to return to cohabitation, and the evidence of
the witness in support of her suit was commented upon
at very considerable length, and with a small portion of
acrimony. In consequence of the length to which the
case is likely to extend, and as the other side has not
yet been heard, the charges against Lord Dysart being
all denied, time must be given for the case to proceed to
its termination.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
(SATURDAY.)
MANSION-HOUSE.

A broker, of the name of Brown, who resides at No.
95, Long-alley, Thshopsgate, was summoned before the
Lord Mayor for having extorted the sum of ss. 6d. from
a poor young woman, named Ellen Myers, who earns a
livelihood by hard application to shoebinding.
The defendant appeared very confident of throwing
the girl over the bridge.
Ellen Myers said, that unfortunately she had con-
tracted a debt with her landlord for rent to the amount
of 45., and Mr. Brown was sent to distrain. Capel, the
defendant's man, called at nine o'clock and told the com-
plainant that if she could contrive to pay the amount in
twenty minutes no expenses would attach. She imme-
diately ran off to borrow from her friends, and returned
within the time specified; but a sum of ss. 6d. addi-
tional was demanded, and Brown threatened to sell off

all her goods if she refused to pay the whole sum of
9s. 6d. With the utmost difficulty she raised the amount,
and paid it to Brown, who would not deduct a farthing
from his demand. Being in great necessity, it occurred
to her that the Lord Mayor would interfere to get back
the amount of the unjust demand.
The LORD MAYOR—Let me have it proved that the
broker's man presumed to make any extra demand if
you paid the original sum in twenty minutes.
A lodger in the house, to whom the complainant had
applied for a small loan, stated that the complainant
told her that the broker's man had made her the
promise, and that she had returned within the period
specified. The witness, however, did not hear the agree-
ment made.

The defendant said he had given directions to dis

train, at the desire of her landlord, and as she had been
too late, by nearly five minutes, it was proper to demand
the expenses.—(Here several persons in the justice-
room expressed their most contemptuous indignation.)
The Complainant—He was not satisfied my Lord, with
making me pay, but a little while ago he said he would
be even with me, and do for me, and I am afraid he will.

Capel, the broker's man, said he acted entirely by the
direction of his employer.
The LORD MAYOR—Did you not tell this poor woman
that if she brought the rent to you in twenty minutes
there should be no expenses ?
Capel—Certainly I did, but she was three minutes
too late.—(Loud expressions of resentment.)
Complainant—l solemnly declare that I was back
within the time. I ran fit to kill myself.
Capel—Her landlady showed me that she was three
minutes and four seconds too late, and I was obliged to
make the demand.

Brown—My Lord, the landlord wants to get rid of
her, for she is a bad 'Mn.

Complainant—l refer you to the respectable gentle-
men, my Lord, who have employed me for years for my
character. I had paid my landlady four shillings but
the night before, and I never expected such cruel treat-
ment.

The LORD MAYOR —This broker has acted with great
ialeueeminity to you, soul I very much regret that Lea.nuot.
punish him upon this charge. However, I think I can
secure you from the apprehension of any violence. I
call upon you, defendant, to find bail to keep the peace
towards this poor woman for twelve months.
Defendant—Find bail for what !

The LORD MAYOR—For having threatened the com-
plainant; and if you do not find bail you shall go to
prison.—(Laughter.) His Lordship then gave ss. 6d. to
the complainant to relieve her, and the advance of rent
for a week, at the end of which he desired she would
remove to some place in which there was no such inhu-
manity existing.

LAMBETH-STREET.
Dennis Driscol, was brought up for final examination
on a charge ofcommitting a murderous assaulton his wife.
The wife exhibited much reluctance at being sworn,
saying it was more her own fault than " Denny's," and
that she would not hurt him for the wealth of the
" Inges." She was at length sworn, but made all sorts
of evasions to avoid answering those questions the re-
plies to which must affect her husband, and kept fre-
quently repeating that it was more her own fault than his.
Mr. NORTON told her she deserved a much better
partner than the man at the bar. The offence was as
bad as any that had come before him for some time, and
_ _

it was alinost a miracle he had not killed her with the
desperate blow he had inflicted with the poker while she
was in bed. It would, however, be useless to send him
for trial after the reluctance exhibited to give evidence
against him by his wife ; but yet he should not escape
the utmost punishment that the law allowed him, Mr.
Norton, to inflict.
The prisoner was then convicted in the penalty of 51.,
or in default of payment to two months' imprisonment
in the House of Correction.—The prisoner, not being
able to pay the penalty, was locked up.

TUE MONSTER BELL.—Subscriptions amounting
to about 800 i have been received towards the great bell
at York, which is to be christened the Great Peter Bell.
It is to weigh ten tons and not eight, as at first intended.
A gentleman subscriber has offered an additional sub-
scription of IL for every cwt. above eight tons, con-
sequently by this alteration he will have 401. more to
pay.—Leeds Times.
Cumous CIRCUMSTANCE.—An old tea kettle having
been thrown away into the plantation belonging to Mrs.
Batten, of this town, was, last week, found to contain a
robin's nest, with five healthy young birds in it.--
Somerset County Gazette.

LITERARY ASSOCIATION OF THE
FRIENDS OF POLAND.
The annual general meeting of this Association was
held on Friday, at their rooms, Sussex Chambers, Duke-
street, St. James's, and was numerously attended.
Amongst the noblemen and gentlemen present were Lord
D. C. Stuart, Vice-President ; Lord Robert Grosvenor,
Lord Foley, Lord Kinnaird, the Hon. Mountstuart
Elphinstone, the Hon. Col. L. Stanhope, R. M. Miles, Esq.,
M.P. ; Wynn Ellis, Esq., M.P., G. A. Young, Esq. ;
Frederick Pijou, Esq. ; Edward Beale, Esq., and Samuel
Rogers, Esq., the venerable poet.
On the motion of Col. L. STANHOPE, seconded by W.
A. SMITH, Esq.,
Lord DUDLEY C. STUART took the chair, and called on
the Hon. Secretary to read the report of the Council,
which congratulated the Association on the increasing
interest of the country in the cause of Poland, and
stated that their efforts for the assistance of the refu-
gees during the last year had not been unsuccessful.
The ball at Guildhall, on the 15th of November, which
was attended by a brilliant assembly of the rank and
beauty of the land, had produced 620/, after paying all
expenses. An occurrence had taken place in the mean-
time which the Council could not refer to without re-
gret. Whilst Lord Dudley Stuart was engaged in the
preparations for the ball, he received a letter from
Major Beniowski, informing him that there was
a design to take his (Lord Stuart's) life. But it was the
opinion of the Council and of the Noble Lord himself
that the threats to which Majorßeniowski referred were
less the result of a deliberate conspiracy than the ebulli-
tion of feeling on the part of an irritated individual.—
His Lordship was assailed in coming into the Sussex
Chambers by a Pole, whose application for assistance to the
Association had not been as successful as he had sup-
posed it ought to be. The ball, however, in spite of the
attempts which had been made to disparage the Asso-
ciation and its objects, by persons who put forth the
claims of our own poor in an invidious contrast with
those of the refugees, was nearly as numerously attended
as that of the previous year. The Association could not
express in terms too strong its gratitude to the eminent
artists who gave their gratuitous assistance on that oc-
casion.—(Applause.) The ball, as we understood, took
place on the three-hundredth anniversary of the Coper-
nican system, which Colonel Szyrrca, had proved to be
not of German, but of Polish origin. The report then
alluded to the case of the Polish seamen, who availed
themselves of the opportunity which was afforded them
of escaping from the Russian naval service, into
which they had been impressed, when the ship
of war, the Laertes, was driven into an English
port by stress of weather. Out of the whole number of
fourteen impressed men, ten had escaped ; and although
the Council of the Association had not interfered to
prevent their being given up to the Russian captain,
yet they were prepared, if they had seen it necessary,
to move the Court of Queen's Bench to protect these
men.—(Applause.) In reference to the recent cruel
proceedings of the King of Prussia towards the Polish
emigrants who had settled in his dominions, the Council
expressed their conviction that the King was deceived
by the machinations of Russian agents, and that the day
was not far distant when he would see that it was not
best for Prussia to continue in her thraldom, and that it
would be wise to sacrifice some portion of his dominions
(such as the Polish provinces) to secure her indepen-
dence. The report next proceeded to review the late
occurrences in Servia, where the intrigues of Russia
had been frustrated by the independent spirit of the
people. Through the interposition of Lord Sandon the
Chancellor of the Exchequer had consented to take
upon the Government grant one of the refugees de-
pendent on the Association for every three that fell off.
In the course of the last year the Association had
lost two of their most valuable supporters—Mr. C. B.
Sheridan and Sir Francis Burdett.—(Hear, hear.) An-
other friend also had died last year (Mr. Handley, we
understood), end left to the Association 4001. The re-
port concluded by expressing the warm gratitude of the
Council to the Lord Mayor and Corporation of London,
to Lord D. C. Stuart, their Graces the Duke and
Duchess of Sutherland, and other noble and generous
friends of Poland.
On the motion of Mr. MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE,
seconded by Mr. MONCETON MILNES, the report was
adopted, with great applause.
Col. LEICESTER STANHOPE then moved the second
resolution, which was a vote of thanks to the Duchess
of Kent, the Duke de Nemours, and the other distin-
guished personages who had patronised the ball at
Guildhall. The Hon. and Gallant Gentleman heartily
concurred in the sentiments expressed in the resolution ;
and he felt that it was matter of the highest congratu-
lation to the Poles and their friends that the cause of
Poland was so warmly taken up by the persons who
held the most distinguished rank in this country,
Lord FOLEY seconded the resolution, which was car-
ried with much applause.
Mr. T. CHISHOLM ANSTEY moved the next resolution,
which vas one of thanks to the Noble Lord in the
chair, Lord Dudley Stuart, and the other noblemen and
gentlemen who superintended the arrangements for the
ball in January in so judicious and successful a manner.
Captain TOWNSHEND, R.N., in seconding the resolu-
tion, said that it was not necessary to offer any argu-
ment in that place to enforce the sentiment expressed
in that resolution.—(Hear, hear.) Every member of the
Association was well aware how much the Poles and the
Polish cause owed to the ardour, zeal, and perseverance
of the Noble Chairman.—(Applause.)
The resolution was passed unanimously, and with
great applause.
Lord ROBERT GROSVENOR next moved a resolution,
to the effect that the thanks of the Association be cor••
dially given to the Lord Mayor and Common Council
of the City of London, for the use of the Guildhall in
November last, and other kin3ness and aid to the friends
of Poland.
Mr. ADAMS SMITH seconded the resolution, which,
like the preceding, was carried unanimously, and with
applause.
Mr. WYNN ELLIS then moved, and Mr. JOHNSON
seconded, a resolution of thanks to the professional ladies
and gentlemen who gave the Association the powerful
aid of their distinguised talents at the late ball.
The resolution was passed by acclamation.
T. W. BEAUMONT, Esq., M.P., was then unanimously
re-elected President; and the Vice- Presidents, Lords Pan-
:mire, D. C. Stuart, Scarborough, and Breadalbane were
re-elected ; and the following Noblemen and Gentle-
men were elected members of the Council in the room
of those members who retired, according to their rota-
tion :—Lord Elphinstone, Milner Gibson. Esq., M.P.; C.
Dickens, Esq.; Viscount Sandon, M.P.; Lord Kinnaird,
David Ross, M.P.; 11. M. Milner, M.l'.; llon. Spencer
Cowper, Hon C. T. Clifford, Captain James Towns-
hend,
The meeting was then addressed in eloquent speeches
by Lord Dudley Stuart, Captain Jatlonski, the Cheva-
lier Wierewski, and other gentlemen, who referred in
strong terms to the expected visit of the Emperor of
Russia to this country, and concurred in the opinion that
it would be the most becoming course to be pursued by
the friends of Poland here to refrain from any strong
expression of feeling towards that Sovereign whilst he
remained the guest of our Sovereign.
The meeting separated at a late hour, having passed a
cordial vote of thanks to the Noble Chairman.

ARON DE BODE.—On the 2d instant the Lord
Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench, appointed
the hearing of the trial at bar, in this long pending
case, for the 20th of June next. This is an appeal of
the Crown against the finding and verdict of the Com-
missioners end the jury, given in favour of the Baron
de Boda, on the 13th of June, 1842, concerning his large
claim against the Crown, and which finding and verdict
was confirmed by Lord Lyndhurst (the present
Lord Chancellor's) judgment, on the 24th of July, 1842.
It may be remembered, that the above commission was
appointed the 15th of July, 1840, by Lord Cottenham,
the then Lord Chancellor, to inquire into the merits and
rights of the Baron to the claim he made, in compliance
to the petition of right he had presented in 1838, and
which was at that time endorsed by the Sovereign, with
" Let right be done."

THE —UNITRD SERVICE MAGAZINE for May comes
recommended to both professional and nonprofessional
readers, by the genuine interest that attaches to its
contents. Officers of the highest authority in both ser-
vices appear to have united tJ render the number one of

the inO;t attractive of the series. We particularly
allude, as a fair example of the talent that pervades its
pages, to the able introductory paper on " The Waterloo
Campaign and its Historians," by Major Jackson ; a
subject that can never diminish in interest with any
class of British readers ; but the striking manner in
which it is now handled, the new light thrown upon it
by the author's skill and research, and the very enter-
taming character of the details he has furnished, cannot
but render it one of the most gratifying narratives ever
published in connexion with the profession of arms. We
must also direct attention to the remarkable account of a
"Conspiracy of the Russian Nobility, and Revolt of part of
the Army," and to the able Memoir of the late Sir
Hudson Lowe. Both papers contain very singular dis-
closures, quite new to the general reader.
CAUTION TO SPORTSMEN.—An attorney's clerk,
who is passionately fond of a gun, and who frequently
amuses himself by shooting at a target, was practising
the other day in a field at Castle Donington, and being
suddenly called, in the absence of the principal, to leave
his sport and give advice to a client in waiting, in the
hurry of the moment placed the loaded pistols in his
pocket, with the muzzles downwards. Having intro-
duced himself to the :gentleman, he was in the act of
seating himself down in an easy chair, when the pistols
went off, setting fire to his coat, and nearly blowing the
chair to pieces.—Nottingham Review.
LAMENTABLE OCCURRENCE.—Last evening a
lamentable accident occurred near Chelmsford, by which
Miss Mary Mg-lardy, daughter of the highly respected chief
constable of the county police, and Miss Gace, the governess
in the captain's family, lost their lives. It appears that
about seven o'clock Miss Gace was walking in the fields
leading from Chelmsford to Springfield, with the two Miss
M'Hardys, the deceased, aged eleven years, and Malvina,
aged nine. They seem to have quitted the path, and the
young ladies while playing near the edge of the Chelmer, at
a part where the force of the current had considerably un-
dermined the bank, it is believed that the eldest Miss
M‘Hardy ventured too near the edge, when the overhanging
path gave way, and she was precipitated into the water,
which at that part is from ten to fifteen feet deep. Miss
Gace, in her anxiety to save her charge, immediately jumped
in, and both perished.—From the Chelmsford Chronicle.
AN ERRAND BOY'S EDUCATION.—A boy of thir-
teen or fourteen was about to be sworn to give evidence at
an inquest held last evening, at the Golden Lion, Dean-street,
Soho, when be said, as if he feared he was unfit to take an
oath, that he could not read. He, however, said that he was
in the habit of going to chapel, and was accordingly sworn,
Having given his evidence in a tolerably clear manner.
he, much to the surprise of the jury, wrote his name
in a clear, legible hand, at the end of the depositions. A
juror thought it a rather strange mode of education to teach
a boy to write before he could read, and felt curious to
ascertain how he learnt. The boy said that he had learnt to
write nothing but his name ; and a juror informed the
Coroner that it was a common thing for errand boys who had
to sign their names frequently to be taught to write their
autographs and nothing elm