The Sun.
London, England, 1817-04-09 00:00:00

FRENCH TI I EAT': S.

P.Otts, MAttcn 2. —There has been established
bet ween france and England a new kind- of com-
merce, of which few speculators suspect the exist-
once. Certain Managers of the English 'Theatres
keep an agent at Paris for the purpose of nego-
elating with our authors of 'the Boulevards, for
the purchase of their melo-dramas before they
are. epresented. These are afterwards fashioned
ACCordillg to the English taste, into novelties,
which arc not despised at Drury-lane and Covent-
:garden. It is' remarkable that it hissed :melo-
drama is not considered in this negociation as a
retttrnable coati-n(oi' " The Barber of the City."
which could scor-..:ely escape dattmation at the
Boulevards, is now in' England, where they are
very busy in prepariog it to appear with advatt-
tage before the good folks'of . Loudon. It is %yell
..known that ihisnmelo-draina is by the author of
". The wltiell was so
ceived by our neighbours. We oh see if "- The.
Barber of the City" will be as lucky tts that same
which- has established the fame of its
author,• and
.matle the fortune of La Porte St.
I‘ll'tio.!--(French Paper.).
Nit B. JONES.—We are exceedingly gratified
to Observe the name of Mr. It. 'ES, nof
Covent-Garden
.Theatre, aotionnced for an ap-
pearance at crow• Street, on Tuesday next••••... 141111
we are sure the Piddle wilt not feel less interested
on the occasion we do. 'Mr. JONES has. been
trained on our own Boards, and we have some va-
'nity to indulge in the excellence lie has attained
under our tuition, besides the other causes of par-
tiality which exist tor him. NVltether he received
some portion of the qualification which he exem-
plifies in private life from Irish instruction, we
-know no. ; but of this we are stilt, that. there is
-not in society-a man of more est unable character,
nor one whose attachment to Ireland. nod to Irish
friends, has been manifested more warmly or more
kindly, on every..possible occa&nn. These are
pointslhat, thrown inn) the scale of professional
merit, must have their value; and 'in that Scale
Mr. JONES would, independently of private re-
gard, claim from -the public the 'respect due to the
best actir in his line on the Witisti Stage.. His
comic powers. are .91 the first rate. The pleasant
leritpind nonchalance with which be displays mop
c
dern foppery, has nn' competition. Matured by
experiettce, he hay reached the acme of this
Irb east.
of character.' 'I-Ic has been nitre years absentil)
Or Irish Stage.- turet that -his engagement
is a short one.—(publin Corresporalent.)-

.Stitulay eveningolnringthe absence of the family,
the hottse of Mrs. MARY 11
:RNDALL,
wßas obinsroke
on.
street, Grange•road, .13ermondsey, b
open, and rolibt.tl of several articles of plate,
jewellery, trinkets, pictures, looking
glasses and
wea`Fing apparel to a great amount.
StinditY morning, whilst the Bev, Dr. RIPPON
%vas., pet forming Divine Service At the Baptist
Carter-lane, Touley.strcet, some 01-evcs
U4)iLt: 1.1110 his house in Grange•road,. Ber-
mondsey, and robbed it of plate, tVitielles, rings,
&v. to the rvilie of op irarcli'of 1501.

PERMANENt riwsr OF THE POUR.

Ma. OWEN'S' RCPORT

To THE 00:6I1T7EK di? ASSOCIATION t hit TUE

OF THE MAIitIi'A.CTUEII4G AND LABOUR*

ING PoGR.

My LOAD; AND 4:3r. been
requeited by you to draw n detailed_ Report of
}flan for' the general Relief of the Manufactur-
ing and labouring Poor; I have the honour to
inhinft 'he follderitift

In order to do justice, to this interesting stib
ject; it i.neti•c:Aary tO.:trace the operation of thoie
leading tallies to Which the distress'nOw exist-
lug to no unprecedented extent iii thiS.country,
And in Other countries iit no very slight degree, is
to he ascribed : the evil will be found to flow froth
a state of things to which the progress of society
has gieetibi'rth ' ; ' a deVelOpment' of this will there-
fore suggest the mesas of counteracting it.-
The immediate cause of. the present distress is
the depreciation of human labour; and which has
been OccasiOncd by ale general intrminciion.of
mechanism into the minnfactures of Europe and
America, bat principally into those of Britain,
Where the change was greatlyacceWrated 4y the
inverlThint of Ark wright and Watt.

The int rodit'ction of •tter•haniyns into the Tharlit.
facture of objects of desire in society reduced their
puke ; the reduction of, price increased the de-
mand for them, and generally to so great an ex-
tent, as to occasion ••pore human labour to be
employed after the introduction of machinery than
had:been employed before.
The first eifecti of these new mechanical
com-
binations were to increase individual wealth, and
to give a, new stimulus, to further inventions.

Thus one tuechanic►►l improvement gave rise to
windier in rapid succession, and in a few years
they were not only generally introduced into the
mattufactures of these kingdoms, but were eagerly
adopted by other nations of Europe, and by

Individual wealth soon advanced to national
prosperity, as that term i 4 generally understood
and the cottony, during a war of 25 years, de-
mantling exertion and an amonnt of gipenditure
unknown at any former period, attained to a
height of political pourer which confounded its
foes and astonished its friends both were alike
unable to assign the real cause. So stehdily, yet
rapidly, did nor country aVlnce tai this envied
state, that there appeared to be no limit to its
acquirement of riches, and the kind of power
which wealth creates., lite war itself, when it
hathext.pnied-itt ravages veer Eortipe to. Asia and
to America, seemed but a new stimulus to draw
forth mir exhaustless resources ; and in its effects
the war did so operate. The destruction of hu-
man life in its prime, which it caused throughout
the world, and the waste of all the materials ne-
cessary for war on so large a scale—perhaps un-
paralleled in ancient or modern times—created a.
demand for various productions, which the over-
strained industry of British manufactures, aided
by alrthe mechanism they could invent and bring
into action, %vas hardly competent to supply.
But peace at length followed, and found Great
ft it titk iu possession of a new power in constant
action, which, it may be safely stated, exceeded
, •
the labo.ur of one hundred millions of the most,
industrious human beings, in the. full strength of
manhood.*

Thus our country possessed, at the conclmion
of the Will', a productive power, which operated
to the same effect as if her poptilation had been.
actually increased fifteen or- twenty fold ; and this
had been chiefly created within the preceding-25
years. The rapid progress made by Great II: it,
•
during the sear, in wealth and political influence.
can therefore no longer astonish the cause was
quite adequate to the effect.
' NuW, however, new circumstances have arisen.
The war demand for the. productions of labour
having ceased, tnatkets could no longer be found
for them ; and the revenues of the world were.
inadequate to purchase that which a power so
commons in its effects did produce : a diminished
demand; cousequeotly, followed. When,
fore, it became necessary to contract the sources
of supply; it..soon proved that mechanical power
was much cheaper than labour; the for-
mer, in .cousequence, was continued at woe lc,
while the latter was superseded ; human la-
bour may nox be obtained at a price far less than
is absolutely neeissnry for the subsistence of the
individual ordinair comfort. t
A little reflection will she.' that the working
claSses have now 00 adequate means of contend-

power, there is machinery at
m..4lo,T;llso'7:72,;!,T,lii'sileneie°fift cumitn, aided by n point-
iafion not.exceeding -2,6n0 souls, witiCh prodnoes 4,4 tilltell
the ,xi,titic pOpulation of S. colt:lull con hl tnanttfacttire after
the made in common practice iO. rears ago ! And Great 116-
tain gotitAitl3 ilereral ant b
.estabh4l,o,llt,
t Homan labour, hitherto the great source of wealth in
nations, being thux diminished" itt value, at the tate'of not
se33 than from two to• three millions Stet ling per week in
Great Britain alene, that stint, or whatever more or It.S3 it
may he, has coosequently been withdrawn from e
tht country: Mid has necessarily been the m ,os by
which the farmer, tradesman, nvinefActurer, asierchant,
have been '0 greatly icapurcrislied.

•
itig With irtincirnmod -power ditar of ttice re.
suits oitit thererniv ell stir
tit, The tiSe bf metlith-tisni whit be 0-ditt4;;l;ministiell; nr,
2d, Millions.6l.-huoian beiugc must tit; surveil, pci wit its
exitrric to tlie preient extent: or, .
Adtriri:ageaus occripzitiolf iiittst for poor and
unemployed wO, Ling classics, to whoAe lahntir lorchApi*lti
must lie reudered suhsert lent, iUgedd of bving appliva,
as at Pre3ent, to sitriede it.

13to (tinier the :existing commercial systent, me-
chanical flower 17.811601 in one country be ditwon-
tinned, and. in others remain io action, _witkostit
ruiti to that co.ni;:t.y ill which it, diienntinned.
No one. natinit therefore will d6continne it ; .at:tl
althonk.,b Stich all act AVOI: possible, it wonld.he d. •
sure Si4ll of. b irharisin in t htise who iltitond make
theattetupt,.. It w0c.1,d,. littwever, be at far ti.',ore-
evident sign Of barbarism, anti an act Of gross iv'.
ranny,, elle. ,sy goverunieut to permit mechani-
cal power..to, starve Millions of human beings.—
The thought yin nut admit of one Moment's con-
templation.; it would inevitably create unheard of
misery to all ranki. The last result therefore
alone deserves to be considered, tt hich is e that
advantageous occupation mast he found for the
unemployed working classes, to whose labour t»e-
chanism Must be rendered subservient, instead of.
being applied, as at present; to supersede it."
To conduCt a change se important, and of web
vital necessity Co our well-being, dem;inds a cern.;
prehensive view, and an accurate kno,v ledge atthe
real state of society.
Tlte meainie should be well censidere.l with re-
spect to its present bea't logs nod. cow?tions.lnui ,
its donsetponces traced by winds uninfluenced by
Prejudices of parry or of class.
The cilcionstances of the dines render is chan;..Te
in oar internal policy respecting the poor
..entl
working classes, absolutely neceSsary , and the pfSk
tinestion tti be decided by every man of all ranks
'is, shall the alteratian be made tinder the gin/lance ,
of moderation anti wisdom, foreseeing and gradually
preparing each Step, one regularly after another,
thereby pr6,eueing a single premature advance
or shall the change.be effected. by ignorance end
prejudice, under the baleful influence of the an-
gry and violent passions ? Should these
then will the truly dis:nterested—thoSe teho+e
ht'clent wish is to 'ameliorate the condition of man-
kind, withdraw, from the contest, and'stieiet y he
involved in confusion. Lint, steely, the experience •
of past ages, and partieldarlyof the lust 2 years,
will have taught men wisdom, and reputed the
Minds of all for u calm and dispassionate inquiry.
bow the evils which at present afflict society can
best be rentedled. •

I proceed,: therefo're, with the subject, And shall
endeavour to show in what manner advantageous
employtnent nLe found for all the pour and
woi king classes, Under an arrangement %Oki'
‘vill permit meelninicA On/novena:tits to be carried
to any extent.
Under the existing laws the unemployed work-
ing.classes are moiwained by, and consume r;,,rt
of, the property and prodocc of the wealthy awl
industrions, while their no,ters of arid
remain unproductive, They
.trequcutly acquirkt
the bad habits which igomunce tul i4lkitesi never
It) produce ; they Itol3l4aMtite with 11(11
kir poor,.und become a nuisance to sticiet y.•
Most .of the poor have received bail Fool vicions
habits from their .parents ; and so Inns; tt", ~
pt....awry tEICVIT-CUM tl ttloSe bait ;1611 vleion9 v
hdbits will he transmittod to their children, and
through them to succeeding generations.

Any pion, thtn, to ameliorate their condition
prevent bail and vicious habits froni being
taught to their children, and provide the tuvan3
by xvhich only good and useful ones may he g.vcn
to them.

The labour.of some imlividuals is far more va-
luable than that, of qicliers ; • and this arises prin-
cipally from the training and lastElletion they re.

;Nlehtis shoniti therefore be devised to give the
most nsettil .traiiiing and instrocion to the chit-
tken of the poor. ,
The e titia wily and gnality of labour tinder
tine direction, will product: a 111110.1 Mal C valuables
result than tinder anothir.

It is.neeesstit y then that the labour of the poor
should be exerted under the hest.

One mode of management as to their expernli.
ture will create many more adrantages dud emu.'
forts than another.

Stich arratigementi should therefore by made iii
this department as shoalti produce the largest he-
nefils at the snottiest apenee.
Most of ~the and misery of the poor arise
from their being, placed. tinder,eircumstauees,
which their apparent interest, and ;heir iippa:ent
thtty,,are oppoaed to each other,; and in coli6V-
qtrence of their being surrontided by ‘iiineretsetry
temptations, which they had not been trained to
Overcome.

mould therefore be n material intprovement
in the management of the p to place them
under such circumstances as would obvionslyamito
their real interest and duty, and remove them front
unnecessary temptation.
Under this view of the. subject, any plan for the
amelioration of the poor should combine means,to.
prevent th,eir children from acquiring bad habits,
and to give thent good onci—to provide useful
training. and instruction for them—to provide
proper labour for, the adults,e-to direct their labour
Mid expenditure, so as to provide the greatest he-
nefit to themselves and to society; and to place
them under, such circumstances as shall remove,
them from ttnnecessary temptations,: and closely
unite their interest, and duty..
These atlvrintages eiinnot be given either to in«
diViduali, or fatniii, s, separately, or to large curt.
gregated nonobeli.
They can be eifectUally introduced into me.
lice only under taratigernents that would unite in
one ettahlishinent a Popt,;ation 0; front 500,C0
1500 persons, averaging about 10,00'.
1 now SUblllll to AIR". Committee the followillg
'phut (Minded Oti the toicgoing ',tint:4)les, which,
it is prestoned,, will con...blue all the n!lvantages
that have hceit enumerated, aw), in pto;;ress
time, le,„1 (0, !many others of equal iniptArtanee,
As the se: wing novelty of the plan Might 1)0-
Sibly induce, a hasty of pretnalm
speeting it on the vest those who 10%ti Hot rout
much 1,140ie.tl ..experience among 111.' poor, or
svliu may be under the Outs Livtll.llLe
theory of 'political Crotiottlyt,. t6.kkllieh it wight
kiprefir to be opptoetirrl,begjo sti:nui‘ it us the

retilt of daily CN llce among, tilt'., pair .411,
working classes, on an extensive scale, .for twenty-;
five vears; and during which the most unceasing
attention has been direetedt&disCov'er theprimary
causes of their poverty and misery, and the best
Means of providing a remedy for:hoth.
'A casual or superficial consideration of the plan"
now proposed car Mot he expected to impart a suf-
cient k'noWledge thevariritts lieneficial results
of 'such a'. Natubination, 'or to'fOrm the ground of
a.teasottable Opinion as to its practicability.
I now beg' leave to solicit the attention of the
Committ,ee to the drawings and explanations
which accompany this. Report.
They are intended to • represent a square of
buildings sufficient to acciiinmodate• about 1200
Persons, and be surrounded by a quantity of land_
from to acres., Within 'the square are
public buildings, which divide it into two paral-
lelograms. The central building contains a pub-
11c kitchen, mess rooms, and all the accomrnotla-
tion to economical and comfortable'
choking and eating. To the • right of this is a
building of which the first floor will form the in-
fant school, and the other a lecture room and
place of worship.
The building to the left contains a school for
the older children and a 'Committee-room on the
first floor ; above, a library and a room for adults.
In the .vacant space within the square are inclosed
grounds for exercise and recreation ; these inclo-
sures to have trees 'planted in theM. It is in-'
tended that three -sides of the square shill 'be
lodging-houses for the married pour, consisting
of four rooms in each. Each room to be stall-
cieotly large to accommodate a man, his 'wife,
and two children. The fourth side is designed
for dormitories for all the children: exceeding two
in a family, or above three years of age. In the
centre of this' site of the square are apartments
for those who superintend the dormitories ; at one
extremity of it the infirmary, and at the other, a
bidding for the accommodation of strangers who
may 'come from a distance to see their friends and
relatives. In the centres of two sides of the
squares are apartments for general superintead-
cots,' and in the third are store rooms for all the
articles required for the use of the establishment.
On the outside and at the. back of the houses
around the square are gardenS, bounded, as the
drawings represent, by roads.
Immediately beyond these on one side, are
buildinp for mechanical and.manufacturing pur-
poses,. slaughter-house, separated from the
establistment by plantations.
At thefot !er side are offices for washing., bleach-
ing, &c. an I at a still greater distance from the
• square arc two farming establishments, with coo-
reuiences for malting, brewing, and corn mills,
&c. around these are cultivated inclosures, pas',
titre hinds, &c. the hedge rows of Which.to be
planted with fruit trees. .
The plan represented ?s on a scale considered
to be sufficient to accommodate about 1200 per-