The Sun.
London, England, 1828-10-17 00:00:00

WARWICK SESSIONS-(YESTERDAY.)

William Parr Pope, the younger, was indicted
for having falsely pretended to Mr. Davis, of A ther-
stone, that he was the agent of Mr. F. C. Westley,
of the Strand, London, and that he had called upon
the said Mr. Davis for the amount of an account due
to the said Air. Westley, by means of which he ob-
tained from Mr. Davis a five-pound note. There
were several counts in the indictment, varying the
same charge.
The prisoner, on being arraigned, pleaded Not
Guilty, with much confidence.
The evidence was then gone into, which clearly
craved the offence charged against the prisoner.
Mr. REYNOLDS (Counsel for the prisoner) urged
two objections against the form of the indictment,
but they were over-ruled by the Court. He then,
in an ingenious speech, attempted to work upon the
feelings of the Jury, but called no witnesses, and did
not throw any discredit upon the testimony of the
witnesses for the prosecution, who swore most posi-
tively to the person of the prisoner.—Guilty, sen-
tence twelve months' imprisonment.
There was a second indictment against the pri-
soner for a similar offence, but it was net gone into,
im hopes that the punishment awarded to him on the
first may have the effect of reforming him.

DON PEDRO'S BIRTH-DAY.
Sunday last being the anniversary of the birth-
day of the Emperor Don Pedro, was observed as a
grand festival by the Portuguese in this neighbour-
hood. In honour of the day high mass was celebrated
at the Roman Catholic Chapel, Stonehouse, in the
presence of an immense congregation, composed
of Portuguese, and the inhabitants of these towns,
Protestant as well as Catholic. A sermon in the
Portuguese language was delivered from the pulpit
by the Rev. Marcos Pinto Soares Vaz Preto, Knight
of the Military Order of St. Jago, and Prior of the
Mother Church of Altros Vedros, who spoke for
upwards of an hour with great eloquence, energy,
and zeal. He held up to admiration the conduct of
Don Pedro in giving liberty to the Portuguese ; and
which entitled him to the gratitude, not only of his
subjects, but of all free nations. He argued that in
the hopeless state to which the Portuguese were
reduced, the arrival of the Queen, Donna Maria 11.
was an event to be hailed with joy, as a mani-
festation that the Divine Being would soon put an
end to their sufferings. He dwelt with great feeling
upon the unfortunate state of Portugal, and at this
portion of the discourse drew tears from the officers
around him.

On Monday evening, in honour of the Emperor's
birth-day, the houses in which the Portuguese reside,
as well as those of the several tradesmen with whom
they deal, were illuminated. The house of the Bra-
zilian Consul, Wm. Fox, Esq. was decorated with
variegated lamps, forming a crown surmounting the
letter P. In front of this house, a number of rockets
and other fireworks were displayed.
Mr. E. Hall, music-seller, in Whimple-street,
being disappointed of a transparency, which he had
ordered, displayed as a substitute in one of his win-
dows a stuffed figure representing Don Miguel .de-
corated with all his orders, and hanging by the neck I
A label appended in front of this effigy contained the
words " Don Miguel done."
The streets were of course excessively crowded,
but good order prevailed except in one or two trifl-
ing inqatices.
On Tuesday night also a partial illumination took
place. The house of Mr. Toms, brazier, in Bilbury-
street, in particular, presented a gay appearance.
Sunday last being the birth-day of Don Pedro,
the Brazilian frigate linperatriz, Vice-Admiral
Faunha, laying at Falmouth, fired a roal salute at
sun-rise, noon, and sunset.—Plymouth Journal.

THE QUEEN OF PORTUGAL.—Her MA-
JESTY remained at Grillon'a Hotel yesterday, but received
a number of presentations in the course of the day, among
which were—The Princess LIEVEN, the lady of the Rus-
sian Ambassador, by the Marquis de BARBACIENA, her
MAJESTY'S Chamberlain. Count and Countess MUNSTER,
also by the Marquis de BAREACENA. M. de MONTE..
ZUMA and his lady, by the same Nobleman. Together
with a numerous assemblage of Portuguese Ladies and
Gentlemen, who were severally presented to their youthful
Sovereign. The Brazilian Minister and the Marchioness
ale PALAIELLA visited her MAJESTY yesterday, the former
wan accompanied by Dr Pants, who was presented to her
MAJESTY by his Excellency.

A number of men were employed during
Wednesday and yesterday in enclosing the north front of
the Duke of Cuss6EILAP D'S apartments, in Cleveland -row,
the wall having bulged to such a degree as to endanger the
roof, to remedy which a thorough repair will be necessary.

The Dowager Queen of WURTEMBEIIG had
been afflicted with the dropsy fur some years past,
which was the cause of her extraordinary size. Her
afflicting malady was one principal iuducement for her
MAJESTY visiting her native country last year, being of
opinion that the English faulty could give her relief.—
Sir ASTLEY COOPER and others were called in to attend
the QUEEN, and, by Sir ASTLEY'S advice, her MAJESTY
underwent the operation of tapping, while residing in St.
James's Palace, which was performed by Sir ASTLEY with
very great privacy. There were very flittering hopes
that the operation would lead ultimately to a perfect cure.
Her MAJESTY frequently experienced great difficulty in
breathing, and was obliged to be carried up stairs in an
easy chair. When she entered a carriage, her MAJESTY
was obliged to be assisted by two domestics.—Morning
Paper.

His Excellency the LORD LIEUTENANT has
contributed the munificent donation of 100/. to, the Mendi-
city Association, and has settled an annual sum of 60/. to
be paid to the Treasurer.—Dublin Evening Mail.

HIS MAJESTY'S PALACE.-It appears,
from an extraordinary oversight in the clerk of the works
at his MAJESTY'R new Palace, that it has beer found ne-
cessary to pull down a great portion of the ornamental part
of the central entrance of the building, the pediment of
which was ornamented over the centre by a figure of Nep-
tune with his trident; on his right stood a figure of Plenty,
and on his left Navigation. Other figures have been exe-
cuted, which were to be placed in the entablature beneath
the above figures ; but it has been discovered that suffi-
cient height had not been left to admit of them ; to
effect which the workmen are now employed in the remo-
val d
the
et hsea,stial
et uoesr
efeonr
ttrhe
epk.
eu lea
stsvi
elolfas the whole of what
is called the blocking course, must be taken down. In
order to prevent the prying eye of JOHN BULL front seeing
the demolition which is going forward, an immense tar-
paulin has been suspended over the whole centre of the
works, so that the building appears to be in a sort of
mourning. The number of workmen employed amount
to nearly three hundred, over whom the greatest vigilance
is exercised, they not being permitted to have their cus-
tomary watering time, nor is any liquor allowed to be
brought to them, so that they only relax from their labour
at breakfast and dinner time. There are also six clerks of
the works, and the superintendence of the central part of
the building is under the surveillance of Mr. JOHNSON.—
With the utmost activity being used, it is said that the
building cannot be completed for upwards of two years.—
Morning Paper.

INTRENCHED CAMP OP THE TURKS.
sTiumLA—WITII A PLAN, BY VALENTIA.

(From the Munich Journal Das 'lasland.)

An opinion had generally gone abroad, that
owing to the long preparations and decided su-
periority of Russia, as well as the apparent inac,
tivity of the Turks at the breaking out of the
present war, the Russian army would, in the
very first campaign, advance under the walls of
Constantinople. Experienced warriors advised
them not to delay their progress by besieging
the fortresses on the Danube, or to tarry in the
Harrow passes of Mount Balkan ; but to circum-
vent both by a landing near Bourgas, on the
Black Sea, or at some point still nearer to the
capital, thus cutting short all difficulties. How-
ever, all the impediments opposed to the execu-
tion of this plan seem to have been greater than
what had been calculated upon, those calcula-
tions having been solely founded upon the indi-
cation of maps. Perhaps the Commanders of
the Northern Legions had before their eyes the
fate of the great Emperor, who boldly advancing
on a small basis, pushed forward to their capi-
tal, where, in place of victory, he met with the
destruction of his army, and the setting of the
star of his fortune. The high walls of the Bal-
kan, in the hands of the enemy, would un-
doubtedly render all retreat by land impossible in
case of any adverse event ; and undoubtedly
would the desert, treeless, and shrubless plains
of Rumelia, become as pernicious under a
burning sun as the snow flakes of the icy north.
At all events, it was safer again to take the old
and formerly beaten track, as earlier mistakes
had been appreciated, in consequence of which
it was now attempted to attain the object in view
by avoiding them. The fortresses on the Danube
are partly besieged, partly taken, and the Rus-
sian main army is again, as in two former wars,
before Shumla --the Thermopyla! of the
Turks—on the road between Rudschuck
and Constantinople. About 10 German miles
from the Danube (50 or 60 English), and 40
ditto from Constantinople (200 or 240 English),
Shumla is situated ; the key of the mountains
which separate the plains of Bulgaria from Ru-
melia. However easy it may appear to con-
struct, by the assistance of engineers, passable
roads through the mountains, which, according
to the nature of their position, would not be
liable to any particular difficulties, still the state
of the roads is at present of such a description,
that even single travellers cannot cross it without
danger ; and a hostile army might, under any
intelligent resistance on the part of the Turks,
meet with insurmountable impediments. In all
late wars Shumla was the point where the Turks
concentrated their principal forces. To leave
this point unguarded in the rear, and to pass
the Balkan by bye-roads, in order to penetrate
into Rumelia, would be tantamount to going to
meet certain destruction, as the Turks are solely
intent upon defending their strong holds, and to
cut off the enemy's communications with what-
ever magazines he may have in the rear, in order
to annihilate them in the desert plains of A dria-
nople without striking a blow. It would be
strange, therefore, if the fortification of so im-
portant a point as Shumla is, in a strategic point
of view alone, had not been attended to with
gaeater care than what travellers, who saw the
place, report. Its irregularly built town, con-
taining, according to Walsh, 60,000 Turkish
inhabitants, and according to Valentini and
others only 30,000, is half a mile long, and
about a quarter of a mile broad, being sur-
rounded by a deep ditch, and a high turf
rampart, where, from distance to distance,
small turrets of brick, for five or six sharp-
shooters, are constructed by way of col-
lateral defence. These would be but a
wretched sort of defence ; and although, in the
hands of the Turks, they would probably em-
ploy a considerable army, still they would not
hold out longer than other Turkish fortresses,
which always fell, during the late wars, after a
shorter or longer resistance. But the strength
of Shumla consists less in the insignificant for-
tifications of the town itself, although it would
compensate its weakness by a gallant defence of
the garrison and inhabitants, than in the in-
trenched camp adjoining the town. - This is
surrounded by the steep and brushwood-covered
promontories of Mount Balkan, in the shape of
a horse-shoe, and affords, as long as the comb of
these heights has not been taken, a (from the
enemy's batteries) well• secured space, sufficient
for all the wants of a numerous army. Even
vineyards and gardens are cultivated within the
intrenchment. A rivulet, which meanders through
it in several branches, supplies the camp with
water and time most indispensable necessaries.
Even during the last war with the Russians, the
Turks followed the salutary plan of avoiding, as
long as possible, every battle in the open field
with the Russians ; whilst, on the other hand,
they defended every in any way tenable point
with the utmost obstinacy, places that were most
imperfectly fortified, and wherein European
troops would have deemed a long defence wholly
impracticable, and would therefore have gladly
accepted time offer of an unimpeded departure
without any hesitation, were thus obliged to be
bought by a great sacrifice of blood and time.
The love of repose and inhabitiveness which cha-
racterises the Turks, who are loth to stir from
any given spot, and therefore persevere for weeks
in an excavation or hole in the earth, and who,
resigned to their unavoidable fate, remain un-
concerned about what passes around them, or
what to-morrow may produce, may be the cause
of this state of things. Nothing short of a pa-
nic terror, which acts ever powerfully upon un-
disciplined and passionate multitudes, can bring
about events in favour of the assailants. Thus
a Turkish garrison, once terrified in this manner,
abandons a place in despair if there be any road
open for flight. But, in general, it may be re-
lied upon that the Turks will, in their defences,
await the last extremity ; partly for this reason,
because .a great number of their defenders con-
sist of the inhabitants themselves, who fight for
their harems and all their property. An assault
is, therefore (owing to their generally consider-
able numerical force, and the expensive condition
of their armaments), always as murderous as
dangerous. Every well-armed Turk is provided,
exclusive of his musket, with, at least, one pair
of pistols, and two ‘, armes blanches that is to
say, with (besides his sabre) a long and some-
what curved poniard, called " kimshall,” used
particularly for the cutting off of heads. The
blade is about two feet in length, and may be
compared to the short sword of the Romans,
having been, during the brilliant times of the
Osmans, not less formidable than the short
weapon by which the Roman legions subdued
the world. Notwithstanding all the bravery
which the Turks even then exhibited, they would
perhaps have scarcely maintained themselves, in
1810, at Shumla, if the Russian Commander,
the Count Kamenskoy, had known how to take
advantage of his successes, which he had already
obtained with a trifling loss. The Grand Vizier,

Kara iussuir, had formed an intrenched camp
near Shumla. In May, the Russians passed the
Danube with about 60,000 men,--occupied by
A flank corps Kavarna, and other places on the
Black Sea,-.-and descended, with their main
force, into the valley of Dobruza, which flows
Thewo mdaring
Grandaiid intrepid
Vizier
(pl
e%s
BannNf,raonm Bazardjik.
p
acha ,
sent with 5,000 cavalry to meet them, obtained,
in the commencement, some advantage ; but,
when his men suddenly diminished, retired
in
upon Bazardjik, and fortified itgreat
haste. The Russians then divided their army
into four divisions, one of which besieged Tur-
tukay, the second Silistria, the third marched
against Bazardjik, and the last served by way of
reserve. The two former places surrendered,
after a short siege, and Bazardjik was taken
by storm, after an obstinate resistance, on the
3d of June. During the time the third corps,
which had taken Turtukay, turned against Rud-
schuk, the Russians from Bazardjik took Jeni-
hazar, on the road from Shumla to Varna and
Provodi. Even Varna, this important port on
the Black Sea, was but imperfectly fortified ; but
secured on the land side, 11 solid walls, against
any coup de main. Still it was unsafe ; and the
garrison, weakened by the fall of Silistria, would
have opened its gates, if the Russian Com-
mander had not insisted upon a surrender at
diScretion. During the latter part of June, the
Russians advanced at last against the camp of
the Grand Vizier ; and, on the 23d, they took
up a position in six columns before Shumla.
Two of these columns or divisions took post
before a small wood, occupied by the Turks,
opposite the batteries of Ibrahim Nazir. •
Three other divisions were posted in the valley
of Tekie, opposite the village of Strazza, and
the sixth division occupied the heights on the
Tekie that command the Castle of Ibrahim.
Whilst the Turks, who marched out of Shumla
with 4,000 men, were engaging in skirmishing,
they were turned by a detachment of 1,000
Chasscurs, sent to capture the heights on the
other side of the Tekie, which commanded the
Turkish camp, but was not included within the
entrenched camp. In an obstinate engagement,
during which they were reinforced by 5,000 men
of infantry, and two pieces of cannon, they
succeeded in maintaining themselves in the pos-
session of the heights, as at night-fall the Turks
retreated into their intrenched camp, and into
the town. They availed themselves of the night
to clear a small plateau on the heights of the bushes
which covered it, 50 yards in length and 25 in
breadth, where they mounted two pieces of can-
non, and constructed some stone intrenchments

for the protection of their Chasseum. A de-
tachment of troops of the line maintained the
communications with Strazza, where two guns
were likewise mounted. In vain did the Turks
sacrifice a great number of their best men, in a
series of obstinate engagements, which lasted all
next day, to regain the lost eminences, the im-
portance of which they then only learnt to ap-
preciate. From hence the flank of their camp

lay exposed and defenceless, and as soon as the
intervening bushes had been cleared by the axe,
a gallant attack, properly supported by the fire
of a well-directed artillery, would have thrown it
into the hands of the Russians, notwithstanding
the most valorous resistance. But, fortunately
for the Turks, Kamenskoy overlooked the im-
portance of this position, as, in his opinion,
those incessant engagements in the woods would
avail nothing. He exclaimed " Cela m'ennuye !"
(I am weary of this), and therefore resolved to
confine himself to a protracted blockade of the
Turkish camp, and to reduce the Grand Vizier
by famine. The Turks were not a little asto-
nished on the 25th of June, to find the heights
of the Grotto abandoned by the Russians. They
hastened to re-occupy the same, and, to prevent
a hostile attack, erected new redoubts. On the
morning of the 26th the whole of the Russian
army had retreated to the other bank of the
Tekie, and encamped on the heights running
along the course of the same. The Russian
outposts intersected the road to Constantinople ;
part of their army marched to the left through
the valley of the Tekie, across the eminences
which separate it from the brook of Shumla.—
They occupied the castle of Bekir, and con-
structed at the same time a battery on the
road to Tschenguelkoy, before the bridge
over the river. Such were the measures
that had been deemed sufficient to cut off the
supplies of the Turkish camp ; the whole
blockade had, however, only lasted three weeks,
when the Commander-in -Chief had the mortifi-
cation to see some hundred camels laden with
stores of every description, coining from the
Adrianople road, entering Shumla. Instructed
and corrected by this event, he raised the vain
blockade of the Turkish camp, and retreated
with the greatest part of the army to besiege
Rudschuk, where he was again baffled in his
expectations of finding another Oczakow. The
principle of avoiding every battle in which the
superiority of European tactics might tell, has
not been neglected by the Turks in the present
war. However considerable the forces may be
which they have collected near Shumla, they
never made an attempt to march against the
enemy en masse from their intrenched camp.—
Even those small places that were defended
during the campaign of 1810, the Russians
found now unoccupied, as experience had
proved them untenable. On the other hand, the
heights of Shumla, which they then took pos-
session of, with a comparatively trifling loss,
were now comprised within the circumference of
the Turkish intrenchments ; and if the Turks de-
fend these with their usual perseverance, it may
*easily hgppen that .the Russian army, which has
hitherto not yet ventured upon any attack, may
find here the limits of its operations during the
present campaign. The slightest glance at a
plan will show how far Shumla need apprehend
any thing in the shape of a bombardment,
though this has been announced by the news-
papers. The eminences which form the already
, mentioned promontories of Mount Balkan, sur-
round Shumla in the shape of a horse-shoe on
three sides. The Russians themselves will
hardly take it into their heads to attack and
ssitioireten
it tihiaiss,
beenby mnantruenrev,er
unassailablei
position,
strengthened by n.
trenchments. The only opening to this moun-
tain kettle is in the valley on the Con-
stantinople road, where the rivulet of
Shumla runs towards the Tekie : and here,
near Ibrahim Nazir and Bekir, it is
pro-
bable that the Russians were astonished to find
those redoubts and bastion-works of the en-
trenched camp of which their bulletins make
mention. Here, likewise, the Turks have the
advantage of the heights, exclusive of their for-
tifications,
aille
ofirnogekt os, tahse
appears andfrm lnel the.t n
coursehlac
of the water. The Russians have hardly, up to
the present moment, passed the Tekie, although
this was done during the campaign of 1810 on
the very same clay when they arrived before
Shutnla. Their camp, in which they have com-

menced intrenehing themselves, is" on an emi-
nence on this side of the river, on the same spot
where Kamenskoy—encumped in 1810. The
distance of this point is 2,500 yards front the
wall, and would certainly not render a bombard-
ment of the town impossible. But another cir-
cumstance that might materially diminish its
effect is, that Shumla is situated on the declivity
of a bill, and that the eminence on which the
besieging Russian army is posted lies consider-
ablyfand armySh Ht
mo shouldi Shumla to
0 sb be
fercoumr onlye
lower than the town itself. To cause the
and weaker divisions of the army, whilst the
ellnara,mtirinplthence,t observedie possession a
s bya
( p inferior
onat
d'appui) fulcrum, the Balkan, would be an act
of temerity and desperation, as we have pom • t
out in the commencement, in which the party
• risking the same would run a greater chance of
defeat than of success. Hannibal, who is al-
leged as an instance, it is trie, climbed ant!
crossed the Alps, and des end td into the plains
of Italy without keeping tl e p tsses thereofoccu-
pied by his troops; but, when
doing so, he
knew full well that it was fruitful Italy which lay
before him, and that the bare aspect of its
smiling and well-cultivated fields would infuse
new life into his army : whilst on the other hand,
in Rumelia an enemy's army would not be able
to maintain itself, even after gaining battles ; for
in deserts the sword is not the most dangerous
enemy.'