The Sun.
London, England, 1828-05-06 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

The Duke of Wellington,' it appears by the pro-
ceedings of the, House of Lords last slight, grants a
committee on the wool trade, but intimates that his
opinion is. fully made up on the injustice impolicy
of preventing the introduction of foreigtiwoof under
the present, or under atly proper tegulation*.'
His
Grace acts with perfect proptity as a practi6al
statesman, though be seems to violate the rules of
logic, in suffering a committee:Wdeliberate on that
Particular, they can
which, in the most impost
only decide one wok-. They may find reasons for
Strengthening his Grace's conclusion, but ought not
to- find any which can have-the effects& invalidating
it. The wool-growers, if the term be not inappro-
priate,, appearr to " have sent their wits a wool-
gathering,' or- they would know that we must haVe
foreign wool of a particular kind, either in a mane=
factored or an unmanufactured state. If in a manu-
factured State,: then British looms sink into a state
of amiable repose. If freely in an, unmanufactured
state, thdn are we able not only to supply home con-
sumption, but to export woollen cloths.—Times.

' A 'pamphlet has appeared by Mr. Deuglas,' of
GlasgoW,upon the necessity of introducing ai poor-
.law 'system into Ireland. It is no reproach to the
people of this country that the languid attention
which they formerly exhibited to all proposals having
for their object an improvement in the condition of
the Irish Poor, has been succeeded by a great and
eager interest. upon the same important subject,
since the connexion began to be acknowledged every
where between -the rapidly accumulating nutrias;
and wretchednes4 of the lower orders in Irs-
Mud, and the sensible multiplication of pat:pers.-I
and consequent increase of poor-rates, amongst our'.
selves. Since the effect of a never-ceasing matt s
of Irish labourers into England has shown itself
in a corresponding decline of comfort as well
as prudence in -.the British workman, ' there can i
scarcely be named a question' which stale been
more willingly entertained' by Country Genii&
men in Parliament, or discussed with more activity
by the Press, than the nature of, the remedy to be
applied to the coninton disorder. So long as hands
were wanting in England and labour plenty, thile
existed a regubif bounty upon the production and
exportation of iible-bodied men from the other side
she Channel. The Irish eMigranta, were then ab-
sorbed with ease into the mass. of English inhabitants,
and the poor-rates were not otterleaded; or, if they
were, the 'cause was sought for elsewhere than in
the accession of hard-working men :from .the west.
'The productive power of living creatures in Irelatid
has (as is the case in other walks of merchandise)
outstripped the demand; and survived it. The.sulp~lis
vistop of land, the exorbitancyof rent, sand, the
Alverfloieof insolvent Irish labourersfrom their OWn
country, have gone, on without, intermissions and
the question has at last arisen, whether, the
landlord,who crested the animal surplus, and hitherto
supplied the cravings of the British market for men,
is wholly to escape the consequences of that
revulsion in a trade by which he had hitherto
been so immense a gainer, or to take frorn'the-
shoulders of the English gentleman a share of his
exclusive burden. This, is not so simple kit' Ties:
tion as it seems. If poor-rateS be established le
tseland, and her paupers., or klarge portion of then:,
retained at home,. the poor-rates of England will be
lowered, the condition of the English tabourer will
be gradually Improved; but to'tbat end. there must
Lea rise in the rate of wages. Itsdoes not there-
fore seem to be all clear.profit to the British agri-
calturist, if the Irish shottid he condemned 'to find
sabsistenee for his own paupers; With reference;
-iowever, to the good of Ireland herself, we are diss
posed to try the experiment. 11.*ult it would be
at the outset, and productive, not alone of &is:fel-pus
p:essure, but. of extreme confusion. In time it is.
probable that the process would work itself clear,
and that the growth of an improvident and destitute.
populatinn would he beneficially retarded : .but as an
iturn.,diate cure for any of the thousand evils which
biset the state of Ireland, and in a manner distract
the eye that meditates them, there is great
folly in supposing that poor-laws would have_
Lhe slighte4t operation. We are apt to argue is
a riffle 'on the nature and treatment of Irish.
The usual line of Qb.ervatip n is this.—
Tranquillise Ireland, and then capital will AOW into
• • itc —and then she will he prosperous,--and then
she will be, .what ? "-tranquil" again; .hut' this as-
sumes that tAvards producin, an ultimate effect,
through the intrOduction of capital, it is possibiesto
begin by accomplishing- the" 'same purpose-4viz. '
quieting the country) before capital has been intro-,
duced. In one view of the :gut a speedy'ame:'
Notation Might be 'administered-;-early, in so 'far
as the disturbed state of Ireland remits from politi-
cal causes. In so far, for 'instance, as the- people are
lleliberately stirred, up to disaffection on the ground
of their country or the majority of its inhabitants-
being; aggrieved—pacify, we say, the instigators of
the people—satisfy those of the upper class who are
now violent through 'exasperation, and whose. policy;
it is to incite the people, .and you remove at once
whatever is of an artificial or voluntary character , in;
the whole range of Irish disturbance. Emancipate
the Catholics, leave thero'not the ?earful office' of
forcing that measure for their own' security and by
their own power. Let them at length. have rights
to: defend, in common with, their fellow-subject 4,
not wrongs to ',indicate at our expense.--Ibid.

Ministers have main declared that they do not
intend to propose any duty on the importation of
foreign' wool. In the' Mouse of Commons, last
night, Lord Milton, alluding to the alarm which had:
been produced throughout the manufacturing
tricts, by the bare mention of such a measure, said,
he hoped.' tha his, Majesty's Ministers were Pen-
sible that the time had come when it was necessary
fol.; them, by a distinct declaration on the subject
to-allay the apprehensions which had been thus ex-
tensively excited." Mr. Charles Grant, in answer,'
-
observed, "that he had no difficulty in saying, that
in _ the opinion . of. his Majesty's Government, it
wOuld.be exceedingly unwise at the present moment
to inipose aoy additional duty on the importatiOn: of
foreign wool. Such a measure would be most in-
jurioua to other highly important interests in the
country." In thePease of Lords the Duke of
Richmond moved, '` that a Select Committee be 4-
pointed to inquire iet<s the present condition of.the
wool trade, and report tbt4e eoriditlOn to"tho House..
—His Grace entered into a variety of kate,
meats, and urged various arguments in , sup.l
poet of -the propoSition, that the destructionH
of the woollen manufacture is essential to
'the, prosperity of-the British Wool-groWer. We say, ,
in support of than because we are at
losi.what other interpretation to put on hie endea--
vour ift show that, notwithstanding the reduction of.
the duty, " there had 'been no increase in expor-
tation of 13ritisb woollens during the last three
years." We know not whether. his Grace is aware
(for many of their .Lordships, who think only of
length of credits, must be aware that there are
people who uouble themselves about prices) that a
purchaser, when he can obtain an article" of the same
quality from one sever, at a lower priae,,than he .can
obtain it from another, will prefer the
.low,priced-
article, and that the owtiel:.of the'high priced article,
if he cannot furnish his can;modities at the same
price as his competitor, must- quit the field. If
there has ,been. no increase in the exportation-di
British woolle,ns daring the last three yovs, does his
Owe imagine that- this is attributable ,to the
woollens being too low priced, and that if a sivinghig'
tax were laid on the wool imported, so ae to raise?
the price of the wool to the manufacturer, and can:,
sequently force him to raise the price of. hisgoßds,
the -additional price would procure him additional
customers ? His .Grace must, therefore, either
sup-
pose that to raise the price of goods is a sure way
to attract additional customers for . them, : or he
must suppose that to raise the price is lily to pro-
duce the opposite effect—nainely, to diminish the
sale,. If be suppose an increase of price will di.
minish exportation, then we, in turn, may suppose
that his proposition is to diminish the exportation of
woollens, and ruin the woollen manufacturer,, in

order to enrich the sellers of wool. We are distrust-
ful of Nate Dukes on such a soft subject as wool ;
their wits are bui too apt to be a wool-gathering.—
At one time the land-was to go out of cultivation,
because a remunerating price could not be obtained.
for corn. It would seem that we are threatened
with a worse calamity now; for *his Grace seems to
be, of opinion, that the sheep will no longer be pre-
vailed, on to eat grass pr heath, if better prices be
not obtained for their fleeces. "If the -farmer,"
says his Grace, " who grew wool,. could not
obtain a remunerating. price for his labour—and
at the present moment no Such price could be ob-
tained—it was obvious that a great portion of the
light lands must be thrown altogether oat of culti-
vation." The labour performed by the Sheen.. in
nibbling the sward, is a labour, one shoUld think,
that might always be.performed;; and it is difficult
to see exactly by what process his Grace arrives at
the conclusion, that it would be more profitable to
leas:e the South ripwps, to the undisturbed posses-
sion of the rooks, than to allow the sheep to feed,
and increase and multiply on them. Not a word ef
rents from. his Grace. But we observe the occu-
piers of the light lands who have petitioned Parlia-
ment, do. say Something about rents. " A Petition
of the Owners and Occupiers of Land in that Dis-
trict, lying between the Counties of EaSt Lothian
and Berwick, commonly known by the name of
LamMeraniit, was presented and read ; setting
forth that the petitioners, considering . that more
ihan one-half of the extent of Scotland is excht+
sively occupied in the rearing of Cheviot and
lalack-hced sheep, and that upon an average
moreithcii one-half
.of the rents of such lands
ought to be Told from the .firoduce of the fleece.;
-hat the occupiers of such lands in Scotland did not
the L,Tislature in 1524, in support of their
sa in England, but waited to ascertain what
Ares, -`she reduction of the' ditty oh 'wont would
have 'ipou their interests; but now
,seeing
that Enc.+ reduetion haS been the means of
lowering the price of short wool in such a
degree as to render it impossible for the petitioners
and others in their situation to meet their present
engagements, they are autder the necessity," &c.—
The farmers of this district of Lammermuir, which
we will venture to say is not surpassed in England,
Ireland, or Scotland, for bleakness end barrenness,
would find their business exceedingly remunerating
if his Grace would only 'contrive tooase their minds
about rents: Half the rents they say, ought
,to be
paid from the fleece; and, they cannot at the present
price of wool meet their present engagementss that is
they cannot pay theirpresent rents. We will answer for
it, if his Grace will only guarantee the tenants against
the claims of the landlords, there is not a moun-
tain itt.Breadalbane, or Lochaber, or any other wil4
region, on which sheep will not contrive to remune-
rate the trouble of tending them. So mild' for
this sample of hereditary wisdom ! The Duke of
Wellington consented toan inquiry, 'but "while he
did. so.,:lse.beggedit to be understood that-it was not
the intention, of his Majesty's Government to con-
sent to the imposition of any further tax on foreign
wool." His Grace, it would seem, does not coincide in
opinion with the Duke of Richmond, that the destruc-
tion Of the woollen manufacturer would contribute to
the prosperity -of the wool grower. In explanation
of an apparent diminittiOn of the- export orfine-
clothi, it was stated. by. the. Earls of Harewood,
that " by, a regulation of the Cestornshousessell
sloths froth "3s. up to 10.5.. are enteredas coarse, and
all above 10s. are catered as fine. By.the alteration
in the duty upon foreign wool; and,by the changes of
the trade, these prices are now very much reduced,
and the consequenceis; that a. very large quantity of
fine cloths are exported under the denomination of
coarSe.." We confess we do wit see the wisdom of
entering 'on an inquiry,' when it has been pre-deter.
mined that no alteration in, the duty on importation
ain't. take plane, whatever May transpire in the
course tif . such inquiry.. ; The Manufacturers will be
but too apt to distrust Minicters—to believe that
some trick is intended. If Ministers had not made
up their minds, arid wished to govern themselves by
the evidence adduced in the inquiry, then we could
understand why it was allowed; but inquiry after
decision is like the old Scotch way of hanging first
and trying afterwards. We expect to hear next of
Juries giving in their verdicts when they enter the
boxes, azd amusing themselveS,. afterwards -with.
Itedring evidence,-7.ffornin4. Chronicle.

• Mr. Liddell, last night, presented a petition from
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and one from North Shields,
• 'respecting. the issue' of I/. promissory notes by
country bankers. It might be supposed, that after
the strong declaration made "by some of his Ma-
jesty's Minist,ers upon 'the' subject, it would be in
vain' to press upon their ,consideration a revision of
their judgment. The continued existence of country
bankers, however, is a matter of too much impor-
tance, and- the interests of the trading, eemmunity
bootildnp in their existence, are too.imperative not
to call for another effort in their behalf. Besides,
we have already seen his Majesty's' Government
give tip' opinions longer entertained, and upon
better .ground 4, rather than disturb ' the reli-
glous peace of the country; it io not, therefore,
.without something like confidence, that we ex-
pect from their patriotism a similar sacrifice to its
commercial pew. The progress of our . national
prosperity is no longer of that slow, undecided cha-
racter, which it exhibited for many months after the
dreadful check receive in l8.?4, We ;are most
happy to be able to give our testimony to, its reno-
vation, of which, even at its lowest ebb, we nit only
never despaired, but never donbted., And we have
'the better right to-recal. that fact, because, though
most of our contemporaries aye now of the same
way of thinking, it was •not unti they had ,ope,-
*viction forged, upon them, that they were com-
pelled to adopt R. language which we bad held
•
tipm the beginning, The wound • inflicted on
our Commerce, has been heeled, not by, but in
• • • •
spite of the irritating plasters spread upon it.—
The contemplated ,suppression of the wall notes
has acted as is drag aain on. its,progt,ess to, soto-
- ; and had that measure been earned into effect
.in one year
.as it was at first intended, :there can be
no doubt that no such progress w0,n).1. have taken
place., If we wish that it should condone, tve must
remove instead of adding to the checks which have
so grievously impeded it hitherto. To establish al
gold currency in the whole of the "Empire is impos-
sible. It would,- if practieable; -be meat expensive
and inconvenient in any state, however contracted
its internal dealings. Situated as we are,' it would
be most ruinous. But if the establishMent of a gold
currency in the whole of the Empire is tobe deprecated,
what is to be said to the anomalous'attempt to have a
gold currency in one part of the kingdom and a paper
currency in another ? w ask Mr. Peel, who is na-
turally more attached than many c./ his colleagues to
the Small Notes Repeal Bill, if his firm intention
was not to extend it to Scotland, and if he was not
driven from his intention by the famous letters of
Bir Walter Scott, bacicgd by the petitions of the
Scotch people? And can it be said that less at-
. tendon is dtie to the welfare of ten millions of Eng-
lishmen, than of two millions of Scotehmen, merely.
because they have not so powerful an adVoeate to
state their case 2 Rither the small notes 'do evil,,
or they do. good, or they. -do •neither: On the last
hypothesis the Act is .useless;
on tli. 2e.cond perni-
ciews : on the first it ought to be universal. What,
is Scotland that• it shoo?.d 'be excepted from the ail.
vantage or the disadvautage oi'the measure ? IS it
a colony ? Ilas it, a legislature, of itso,7, ? Is it
any thing else. thon, thirty-three counties of the
eighty-five that constitute Great. Britain? What
would-Ministers say if the Borough petitioned to be
exempted from the Suppression Act ? Would they
propose a law prohibiting its paper from passing the
Thames ? What are the .TWced and the Solway
more thanthe Thames that they slio,o interpose to
• check a measure which, if we take from it, its uni-
versality, does not ..retain even a Illeartical re,cout
metulation?---Xew Tithes. - •

It is rernarleci 'in the Chiistian: Ob.seiNeTr for
March, 1R25, page 016, " that WESLEY Fojeptcd a
Itntnicia pump for extracting the poimi of 9risino

ST.PETERSBURGH and GERMAN PAPERS.
(.I.'
Viztasa, Aram. 25.—8 y a decree of the 17th of Fe.-
bruary, the President of Greece has appointed sixaiew
Merribers of the Panhellenion, viz.:—For' the Feet* of
the Finances, 11: :Delijanni and T. Martina; for the
Interior, Andri Mettxa and ;Spiridion'Kalogeropulo ; for
t'ae War :Department, Nicholas Charles J. Mexi and Apoa-
tolus Nicholas A postale.
The 7J,iiversal Gazette of Greece, of the 28d February,
containa•alleciveof the President; of the I'9th of the same
month, by which the pirectors of the Bank are charged
for the present With the Ministry of the Finance. Ano-
ther decree of the 20th of February, fixes the value of the
43 different kinds of coin that are current in Greece.
'The following is the form of the shares :
" The National Bank receives to-day the of
of Mr. the sum of -- Spanish piastres.
" It engages to repay it to him according to the decree
No. 7,•the' day of 'the month of —, in the year
—, with Sum of for interest, by virtue of the said
deCree acid ordinance 134: Given the -..--- of
-
" ,Signature and Seal of the President.
" Signature of the Probulos.
Signature of the Assistant."
Yesterday the Metalliques were at 98 27-32 ; Bank
Shares., 1,0064'
Excnawats the LoNnow.---Hamhargh, May 2, one
month 18 11 ;. two mbiltha, "13 94,-,--Leipsic, April 28,
three months, 6 April 29, three months,
Petersburgh, April 18, 10 5-32.—Arnsterdam,
May 2, 12 021; twei motiths,.ll 971.
ST. PEiEßSßlntali;-Ai4LII. 15:--His Majesty the .r..m-
peror hai—generously' granted an annual pension of
10,000 rubles, besides his present • salary, to Baron
Von Albedyll, and hair sent " snuff- boxes, ornamented
with his portraif and' cypher, to Sir James Wylie, and
to Scuatortßesalirasaw, Civil Governor of this capital._
An Ukase to the Senate orders that the provinces of Eri-
van and NakitietiVan, heeled by Persia, 'shill be called in
all public documents the Province of Armenia, and toiler'
iueluded inhisMajesty's titles.
. Letters from Astrachan of 10th March say, the wintet
there had set in late (towards the end of December), but
was very severe in January'; the thermometer of Reaumur.
indicated 29 degrees below zero.
STOCKHOLM, APRIL 22.—Yesterday afternoon his Ma-
jesty set out on his journey to Norway, accompanied by
Counts Brake and LoVenhaupt. It is Said, his Majesty
will remain' in Norway till the beginning of July. The'
Queen is expected to set out for Christiania on the 15th of
May.- ''

Cnairriattla,.Arart. 21.—The day, before yesterday,
the deputation of the Storthing, Consisting of nine members,
waited on the members of the Government, who were as-
sembled, to announce that the extraordinary Storthing bad
now constituted itself according to Art. 74 of the Con-
stitution, and Yieuested that his Majesty might be
pleased to open the Session. It was intimated to the De-
putation; that his had commissioned Count Von
Platen to 'do this, and that the opening was to take place
today (21st).'. '
Doaxtrz, Aran 18.—The inhabitants of the banks of
the Elbe are kept in alarm for"fear of inundation, thelitter
being uncommonly high. yappily the dykes have not. yet
received any freab injury.
A ship froth flavelburg was lately plundered near this
town by the Elbe pirates, who infest these Parts ; the sails
and other things haVe been found in a house in this town.
SWITZERL ND, APRIL 17.—The seventeen Greek
youths (from twelVe to sixteen years of age) who are
educated at Beuggen, near Basle, come every year to
Berne in order to keep Easter at Richenbask, where
divine service is performed according to the Greek Church;
they are always lodged in the Orphan-house. This year
the Grand Duchess Anne. (the divorced wife of the Grand
Duke, Constantine) Sent. for, them to •her country seat at
Effenau, 'where, they (with other petsens) were treated
with'princely magnificence, and dismissed with valuable
presents. The: Russian Charge d'Affaires also made a
present to their tutor, a native-of Wurtemberg, and pro-
miSed to go. to Bsuggen himself. One of the boys, a na-
tive of 111isso1onghi,,beati the honourable marks of several
wounds received in ennibiting the. barbarians : twelve
more'Greekyoutha.are eXpected at Beuggen,