The Sun.
London, England, 1845-12-23 00:00:00

HAYTI.

By the arrival of the Sea we have news from Hayti
to the 18th ult. The news is interesting, particularly
at this time, when the recognition of the independence
of one of the republics en the island is in contemplation
by the United States.
By a proclamation, dated October 5, the Haytian Go-
vernment calls upon all foreigners residing in the eastern
(that is, the Dominican, part of the island), to with-
draw within a month's time from that section of the
country, under pain of being considered accomplices of
the insurgents, and punished assuch, should they remain.
The Council of State having proceeded to Cape Hay-
tiea, in order to be able to assist the President with their
counsels—that functionary being obliged to absent him-
self from the seat of Government.

The President complains, in a proclamation dated
November 4, that the Dominicans have been stirred up
to rebellion by the enemies of the African race, and are
protected by the same, adding, that they meet with
this protection, because, " with retrograde ideas, not-
withstanding 22 years of confraternity with us, they
have again established slavery among them, and hold
coloured people in the shameful chains of bondage.' "
The proclamation concludes by enacting that every per-
son who shall speak any words tending to sow division
among Haytiens, and to arm the citizens one against the
other, shall be arrested, cast into prison, and given up
to the tribunals, to be dealt with according to law. Au-
thority is given, in the same document, to the military
commanders of the departments, to see that this order is
executed. Hence it may be perceived, that the nature
of the power of the Haytien President is the same with
that of an unlimited despot, since he can make laws as
he pleases, by mere proclamation, and also, that the
people are subject to the most complete slavery, since
military men may cast them into prison fur whatever, in
their judgment, may appear to be the .4 tendency" of
their conversation. . _

—...—
By another proclamation of a prior date, the cutting
of mahogany wood is forbidden by the President, in
order to interrupt all communication with the insurgents
of the east. The cutting is required to be suspended
within twenty-four hours after the proclamation is issued,
which will be published and placarded in all proper
places, and any one found engaged in it, whether master
or labourer, is to be immediately arrested, and " incor-
porated in the troops of the line."

RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS
LIVERPOOL, Dae, 22,
STOCK EXCII,OZON.—The sales are—Bolton, Wigan, and
Liverpool, 2 p.—Derby and Crewe, 1 'Zp.—Glasgow, and
Dumfries, 10s. dis.—Grand Junction, 237—Ditto, Quarter
Shire. s, 43 p.—Ditto, Eighth Shares, 151,4,—Iludilerstield
Canal and Railway, 3VI p.— Huddersfield aid Sheffield, 8 p.
—7,iverpool and Leeds Direct. I,k Liverpool, Ormskirk,
gad Preston, 11,,i p.—London and Birmingham, Fifth Shares,
201/ p.— Leeds and Dewsbury, 9 p.— Mancliestt r and Leeds,
Fifth Shares, 101/2 p.—Midland, 142—Ditto, 401. Shares, 14
—Mold Junction, 15s. dis —North Union (A), 207—Ditto
(B), 143—North Staffordshire, 23,4 P.—Preston and Wvre,
New Shares, 3 p.—Sheffield and Manchester, 115—Ditto,
Quarter Shares, No. 3 (scrip), 34 P.—South-Eastern and
Dover, Consolidated Thirds, Half Shares, 10s. p.--ITest
Riding Union, 4 p.
MANCHESTER, DRC. 22.
STOCK ExcnANGE.—The sales are—Cambridge and Lin-
coln, 3 7-16—Cambridge and Oxford, I%—Coventry and
Leicester, 174,—Eastern Counties, 191/2—Ditto, New, 121.
16s.—East Lancashire, No. 2, 81/—Exeter and Exmouth
13s. Gd.—Fleetwood, Preston, and West Riding, 22s.—Hud-
dersfield and Sheffield Junction, 1111—Lancashire and North
Yorkshire, 43s.—Manchester and Birmingham, 70t/2—Man-
chester and Leeds, Fifths, 111A—Manchester and Southamp-
ton 2%—Northumberland and Lancashire, 26s.—North Staf-
fordshire, 97s.—North Western, 52s.—Nottingham and Bos-
ton, I.:‘,—Oxford, Southampton, &c., 328.—Sheffield and
New Carlisle
Manchester, 115—South-Eastern and Dover, No. 2, 9_
Ditto, Consolidated Thirds, Halves, 3—West Riding Union,
GI. ''s.—Whitehaven and Furness, 3s,
LEEDS, DEC 22.
S-rocx EXCNANGE.—The sales are—Leeds and Bradford,
18—Ditto, Extensions, 48—Leeds and Thirsk, 91„....Nevr.
Branch,castle and 2
—Oxford,
frowridc,k
vv.,
olrOc-
p.—Wakefleld and Har.
West Riding Union,
Manchester, Buxton, Matlock, and Midland, 3;s. P.—Nerth
Western, 214—South Midlands, 21, 5
_34 t—eeir:,e7:strieitrcillaln%"dolN ,e British,r
h a
Ledford,m p tlosn. ,6dl 2. ;)2...:
rogate, 2s. Gd. p.

HULL, DEC. 22.
STOCK EXCHANGE.—SOMO of the projected lines have
given up part of their deposits ; it is to be hoped others will
do so to as great an amount as ever prudence will admit.
Their doing so speedily is of the utmost importance ;,,the
little that has been done has afforded to many seasonable
relief. The sales are—Grand Union, 278.—North British
(Carlisle), 2—East Lincolnshire 2.—South Midlands, 2.1 f p.

YORK, DEC. 22.
STOCK ExcnANor —The sales are—York and North Mid-
land Extension, 253/4—Newcastle and Berwick, 11—North
British, Dalkeith, 51/2—Ditto, New Carlisle Branch, 2.
London and York, 3%—Manchester, Buxton, Matlock, and
Midland, 31. 19s. 6d.

BRISTOL, DEC. 22.
STOCK EXCITANGE.—The sales are—Bristol and Exeter.
New, 674—Birmingham and Gloucester, Quarter Shares,
30%—Caledonian, 1211—Midland, New, 2514.

expressed
that SOCIETY OF ARTS.—The first meeting of the 92(1
session was held on Wednesday evening in the large room of
the society, in the. model phi, when the chair was taken by B.
Bond Cabbell, Esq. Mr. J. Russell, the secretary,
report from the council on some proposed alterations which
it was intended to make in the future regulation and conduct
of the society. These wore chiefly in the granting of special
premiums for the encouragement of a higher degree of genius
in even the most familiar and simple works of productive
industry; the augmentation of the model department; and a
more rapid communication of the proceedings of the society.
For the former of these objects. several liberal offers had been
made by the members, and a confident hope was ex.
that the. adoption of the proposed suggestions would infuse a
fresh spirit into the operations of a society which was the
parentodene or foilliea the
ybarlol
aodtlafenrds,
narrowand hadgeaxuge
pen, ded nearly 100,0001.
in the prosecution of its objects. A paper was read from Mr.
B
and some improve-
ments connected with steam-engines for locomotive purposes
were exhibited to the meeting, which was very numerously
attended.

CHELSEA IMPBOVEMENTS.—A correspondent of the
Builder writes, respecting these improvements, as follows:
" My object in writing is, to say there are strange whispers
abroad that many of the alterations are projected solely with
the view of improving the estate of my Lord Cadogan, and
that parish money will actually be spent in doing that which
his Lordship should himself do for his own benefit. There are
several things which seem to confirm this, and I do hope, for
the sake of numbers of the ratepayers who read your now in-
fluential journal, that you will inquire into this matter.

ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF COM-
MON COUNCIL.—(YESTERDAY.)
CRIPPLEGATE
A Wardmote was held this day, till a hap hour, at the
School-rooms, Philip-lane, for the purpose of returning
representatives to the Court of Common Council.
After the eight members vv ho had filled the office
• had been severally proposed,
Mr. HUTCHINSON (the father of the ward) rose to pro-
pose Mr. Bennoch, of Wood-street. He (Mr. H.) had been
an inhabitant of that ward for fifty years, and he had great
pleasure in proposing his adopted son, Mr. Bennoch, for
Common Councilman. He would make up for any de-
ficiency under which he might labour in addressing the
wardmote, and for his own part he was very sure that
if returned by the electors he would be found a faithful
representative.
Mr. LIGGINS seconded the proposition, and in a few
, but pithy expressions inculcated upon the ward the im-
portance of sending at the present juncture into the
Common Council only thorough-going free-traders, to
the exclusion of those who might be inclined to curry
favour with those in power, and at the same time feed
the poor on mangel wurzel and curry powder.
A show of hands was then taken, and one of the pre-
ceding Common Councillors (Mr. Barnard) was de-
clared by the chairman to be excluded.
Mr. BARNARD demanded a poll.
The gentlemen whose names had commanded the show
of hands then addressed the meeting seriatim. Mr.
(Toole, Mr. Smith, Mr. Brown, Mr. Lart, Mr. Cash, and
Mr. Brass, were known to be Liberals, and spoke in fa-
vour of an immediate abolition of the corn-laws, and
other measures of concession. Mr. Lee Wilson's address
was of a Conservative character.
Mr. BENNOCH then came forward, and said that, not
having had the pleasure of representing them in the
Court of Common Council, and therefore unable to claim
for himself any servitude to which he could refer as a
warrant of his future conduct, or as in part expressive
of his principles, he should be obliged to trouble them
with a few remarks illustrative of the course he
should adopt, and the line he should advocate,
if fortunate enough to be returned as one of
the Councillors from that ward. Personalities
in cases of this kind he abhorred, and he would therefore
avoid them as far as he consistently could with the duty
he had to perform; and, therefore, in questioning the
principles of any one not of his own opinion, he hoped
they would attribute his observations to public duty, and
not to any private animosity.—(Hear, hear.) The first
measure to which he would allude was that most
obnoxious and iniquitous one—the present corn-
law—(Hear)--of which he had endeavoured to give
them a specimen of his opinions in a short address he
had published to the electors of the ward. He would
add but a few facts to the statements in that address,
and he thought the meeting would deem them of suf-
ficient importance to justify his troubling it with them.
fie held, then, in the first instance, that it was most pre-
sumptuous and unrighteous that man by his laws should
presume to stop the bounty of the Creator, by standing
between him and his creature, interfering with the bounty
of the one and the benefit to the other. He referred
more particularly to what had occurred in America—the
result of these cruel laws. There, in the state of Ohio,
not more than some three or four years ago, the crops of
corn upon the ground had been literally consumed.
Why ? Because there was no market fur the produce ;
while at the same time in other parts of the same
state the inhabitants were suffering severely from
the want of crops.—(Hear, hear.) They, in Britain,
would have taken that corn in exchange for their own
manufactures, but these laws stood in the way. The
state of Ohio contained 25,000,000 of acres, and of this
number of acres 20,000,000 were capable of growing
wheat. This was nearly one-third more than the entire
surface of England, including its rivers, its rocks, and
its barren mountains.—(Hear, hear.) Now, how much
better, he would ask, would it not have been if they had
exchanged with a population, evidently intended
by nature for an agricultural population, the produce
to which their eountry was peculiarly adapted, giving
them in return the manufactures which their peculiarly
fortunate position had enabled them to cultivate with
such industry and success ? How much better, he re-
peated, would it have been for both_ countries, if this
country had encouraged America to pursue her agri-
cultural capabilities, instead of driving her labourers
to the manufacture of stockings and nightcaps, which
they could get from England at one-tenth of the cost.
Labour, they were all aware, was wealth, and could any-
thing be so highly absurd as that the Legislature should
compel the poor and famishing workman to give his
labour for twelve hours per day for two shillings'-worth
of corn, when, by adopting another principle, he might
get for the labour of six hours an equal amount of
food. If the real interests of the labouring classes
were consulted, they should give to other countries
that which they produced most cheaply, receiving from
those countries in return those articles in which they
most excelled.—(Hear.) But, perhaps, some of those
opposed to those opinions did not calculate the immense
increase in the population of the United Kingdom. It
was on all hands admitted that the present growth of
the country, taking the average of every year,
was barely sufficient to supply the wants of the
population. The increase, by the statistical re-
ports, were proved to be at least one thousand per
day, or above 360,000 a year, so that in some twelve
years the population would have increased four or five
millions. Thus, then, they saw the working of the
obnoxious corn-laws. If they were to he supported, what
would beCome of the multitudes added every year to the
population?—(Hear, hear.) There was no more corn than
at the present time sufficed to satisfy the country, and
yet an obstruction was placed in the way of the repeal
of a law which prevented the additional increase of
mouths to be fed. It was absolutely monstrous that any
one could be found to defend them. There was one
question to which he had referred in his address, and
that was the question of national education. It was a
question which involved the happiness, the morality,
and the comfort of every man in this great
empire. The speaker then proceeded to argue,
in the most eloquent manner, that neglect was attri-
butable to the Corporation of London, inasmuch that they
had, not long before, curtailed some of their shows and
dinners of some of their unfair proportions, and with the
fund annually saved, some 5,0001. or 10,0001., founded
schools, that it might be said over the world that, how-
ever ignorant the extremities of the country might be,
London, the soul—the centre—could boast that all its
inhabitants could at least read.—(Hear, hear.) He then
advocated the introduction of railway communication into
the City, and he particularly referred to the expression
of one of the candidate that " this was not the place to
introduce controversial subjects."
Mr. LEE WILSON—I never said so.
Mr. BENNOCH said that he had the words in
writing, and here they were. He said, " This
is not the place to introduce controversial • sub-
jects." The Hon. Gentleman might not have meant
that ; but what then did he mean ? If he (Mr. B.) were
honoured so far as tobe sent to the Court of Common Coun-
cil,he would go there determined to wage war with whatever
bigotry, or prejudice, or despotism he might find in that
small high place.—(Hear.) It was new to him to suppose
that in that deliberative assembly a gentleman should
have only to announce, as if he had been an oracle, "Listen
to me, hearken to the voice of wisdom, and be edified,"
and that he would be obeyed—that the assembly would
arise with loud acclaim and confirm the oracle. The
thing was absurd. The speaker concluded by assuring the
electors that they should find him in the Council bear-
ing and forbearing, but always ready to defend the rights
of the ward, and the country, against any and every
attack made upon either.—(Hear, hear.)
The poll then proceeded, and at the closing hour this
day the nnmbers were :----

LIBERALS.
Hoole 27 Bennoch
Smith
Brown 26 Brass
Last, 25 Barnard
CONSERVATIVE.
Lee Wilson
The poll will not finally

18
dose until Wednesday.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
ROLLS' COURT, Dec. 22.
The Court was occupied during the greater portion
• of the day in hearing unopposed petitions, none of
1 which possessed any public interest.
BX PARTE COTTON.
his was a petition, in which the petitioners, Messrs.
Cotton, solicitors, of No. 4, Lothbury, applied to the
Court under the following circumstances :—lt appeared
' that the petitioners had had a conference with Mr.
Tinney, a barrister of the Court, and tendered the de-
feodant, Mr. Lewis (Mr. Tinney's clerk), a ten-pound
mte, desiring him to deduct 21. 75., which gave 21. 2s.
for the counsel, and ss. for the defendant, but that the
defendant retained 2L 9s. 6d., alleging that he was en-
titled to 7s. 6d.
Mr. J. Corrox (one of the petitioners) said that he had
been induced to appear in person before his Lordship,
in consequence of not having been able to procure the
assistance of counsel, who had refused to act under the
circumstances. He further stated that the petition was
presented to the Court from a conviction that the con-
duct of the defendant was opposed to the views of the
Court, as laid down by the answer given by Lord Cot-
tenham in his Lordship's reply to a question from
the incorporated body of solicitors in 1841, to the
effect that they considered five shillings was a
sufficient fee to the clerk. He had applied to
Mr. Tinney, who had refused to interfere in the matter,
and he then summoned the defendant before the Court
of Requests for the recovery of the money, when the
Learned Barrister who presided in that Court stated
that the case was without his jurisdiction, and he sub-
sequently brought him up to Bow-street, when the Ma-
gistrate expressed himself to the same effect. Under
these circumstances, he conceived the only alternative
left him was to appeal to that Court. Before concluding,
he deemed it just to the defendant to state that the de-
fendant had offered to return what was alleged to be an
overcharge, which they (the petitioners) would not ac-
cept, and that he he had tiled an affidavit.
The MASTER OF THE ROLLS expressed his wish to see
the affidavit.
Mr. COTTON read the affidavit, which stated that the
charge the defendant had made was what was usually
given in these cases, and contained three letters from six
most eminent solicitors, stating that his charge was only
what had been usually given.
Mr. TURNER appeared for the defendant, and con-
tended that the case was without the jurisdiction of the
Court, that there was no order of the Court on the sub-
ject, and that the defendant was justified in making the
charge he did in conformity with the practice on such
occasions, laying great stress on the offer that had been
made by his client to return what the petitioner alleged
to be an overcharge, as well as a remuneration for the
trouble to which he had been put, and concluded by
calling on his Lordship to dismiss the petition with costs.
Mr. COTTON replied at some length.
His LORDSHIP said that this was a very important
case for the profession, and before making any decision
he would consult with the other Judges, and with re-

ference to the opinion that had been expressed by the
Lord Chancellor and himself (Lord Langdale) then, it
was four years before any answer had been given to the
question that had been put to them by the body alluded
to, from the difficulty that existed in recognising any
fees to lawyers' clerks at ail. If he acted upon his im-
pression of the merits of the case, he should make an
order in conformity with the petitioner's application, but
he did not feel justified in adopting that course. He
would consult his Learned Brethren, as he had already
stated, and wished to have the affidavits handed in.

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT

OLD COURT.

The following is a complete and correct return of the
result of all the cases contained in the calendar of the
recent session

The following persons were sentenced to death, and
are left for execution :—Samuel Quennell and Martha
Browning,

Transported for Fifteen Years—Edward Jones, 22,
John Radbone, James Lloyd.
Fcr Fourteen Years—Peter Schmidt, Knut,Bull.
For Ten Years—William Harding, Jane Langston,
William Wright, Adolphus Joyce, William Pocock,
Thomas Archer, George Clark, Mary Sweeny, Mary
Cummins, John Williams, alias Stephen Parrott, John
Watson, John Samuels, George Barron, Anne Glaze.
For Seven Years—George Richards, John Francis,
George Ilanslip, Andrew Daniels, Henry Mallows,
James Lay ton, John Self, Charles Rogerson, Richard
Campbell, alias Gifford, Charles Beaumont, Thomas
Carsh, John Birch, Charlotte Brown, William Jones,
William Bull, Eliza White, John Edwards, John Pelham,
alias Edward Smith.

To be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for Three
Years, and afterwards enter into recognizances for five
years—Thomas Lane, alias Brown, fora nameless offence.

The following prisoners were ordered to be kept to hard
labour for Two Years—Samuel Evans, alias Joseph Ede,
William Fletcher, James Tubbs, Edward Thomas Yeukill.
For Eighteen Months—James North, Elizabeth
Clayton.
For Twelve Months—John Studd Weeding, James
Farrow, John Bubington, Benjamin Brown, Philip
Watson, Thomas Hare, George Rose, John Pratt, Sa-
muel Arnold, William Brand, Anne Morgan, Samuel
Perkins, William Couchman, Caroline Cummins, James
Perry, Richard Fensom.

For Nine Months—Anne Burley, John Stevens, 19,
Henry Kent, Dennis Driscoll, Henry Cook, John Brown,
Robert Sawyer, William Smith, 25.
For Six Months—Dennis Downey, Patrick Bowlan,
Mary Woodland, James Brown, Thomas Jones, John
Barham Salter, John White, 28, James Mackgready,
Anne Mitchell, George Thompson, Thomas Rafferty,
Mary Anne Salter, James Mapp, Richard Pheby, Mar-
garet Carroll, Henry Holman, John White, 25, Francis
Allen, William Nunn, John Robinson, Wm. Davison,
George Jefferies, William Matton, Lewis Moses, John
Ainsworth, Richard Fairchild, Hannah Lloyd, John
Stanley, William Thompson, alias M'Bean, alias Wil-
liams, alias M'Dempsey, Rosetta Scudamore, Thomas
Appleford, George Whitten, William Chilton, Frederick
Turton, Edward Ward, Frederick Howard.

For Four Months—Catherine Warwick, Margaret
Coleman, Timothy Davis, George Western, Robert
Graves, John Hickman, John Webster, Sarah Hoare.
For Three Months—Henry Sherwin, Mary Ferguson,
John Lee, William Swayne, Eliza Daniels, Emma Wil-
son, James Sullivan, James Foley, George Blarney,
Thomas Richards, Anne Godbeer, James Burlington,
Alfred Hayward, James Chissell, Susanna Stacey, Eliza-
beth Roberts, Henry Lewis, William M'Carthy, James
Briggs, James Morgan, Richard Allway, William
Thompson, Wiliam Smith, 19, Thomas Foley, John
Sullivan, 15.

For Two Months—Caroline Tagg, Daniel Tarling,
James Keeming, Elizabeth Sears.
For One Month—Henry Cook, Edward Gamble, Wil-
liam Carman, Rosina Eliza Waite (in Newgate), Wil-
liam Sutton, John Webb, Charles Turner, William Smith,
17, Henry Collins.
The bills against the following persons were ignored
by the grand jury :—William Hide, John Holmes, Adam
Hay, Isaac King, William Dunmow.
Acquitted by the petty jury—William Lawson, James
Buckley, Charles Cushion, Oliver Hanslip, Charles
Yates, James Phillips, 21, John Poncia, William
Knife, Mary Maloy, Mary Anne Barnett, Henry Ed-
wards, Mary Tagnor, George Ralph, Frederick Green-
wood, Daniel Cruikshank, Richard Lambert, James
Barnes, Benjamin Budgen, Utting Maboon, Joseph
Valentine, Joseph Reddington, George Carroll, Henry
Pollock, Ellen Frank, Catherine Speed, William Powell,
John Cummins, Bridget Lloyd, George Whittington,
John Wood, Caroline Johnson, Timothy Iredale,
William Hoare, Richard Ruff, George Roach Maish,
James M'Clutchell, Charles Potter, Bridget Plant.
Acquitted on the ground of Insanity—Eliza Huntsman.
Remanded till next Session—George John Ford,
Henry Spicer, Frederick Bunyon.
The Court, at the close of the business, adjourned
until Monday, Jan. 5.

EDUCATION IN FRANCE.
(From the ScOtsnian.)
In the Epoque of the 2d December, we find an inte-
resting account of the number of primary schools, teachers,
and pupils in France. The Government of Louis Phi-
lippe is the first which has been really friendly to edu-
cation in that country. The Directory passed magnifi-
cent decrees, but left them to execute themselves. Na-
poleon hated all knowledge that could not be made sub-
servient to his plans of conquest. The elder Bour-
bons gave up the charge of schools to the priests, who
were, generally speaking, hostile to secular instruction,
and taught what they could not help teaching by the
most operose methods. Their budget of education
amounted to 200,0001., but of this Dupin informs us that
only the miserable driblet of 50,000 francs, or 2,0001, was
allotted to that department which had the strongest claim
to support, namely, primary schools, the rest being ab-
sorbed by colleges and other high seminaries.
France has at present a population of 34,230,000, of
whom 33,000,000 are Catholics, 1,100,000 Protestants,
and 80,000 Jews. The kingdom is divided into nearly
28,000 communes or parishes. The number of communal
schools is 58,838, and has increased 4,496 since 1841.
The population, divided by the number of schools, gives
one school for 570 inhabitants. But there are at present
2,460 communes, containing 1,150,000 inhabitants, which
are still without schools. Of these, 542, though poor,
are expected to obtain schools by and by ; 936 others,
still poorer, will only be able to procure schools by unit-
ing themselves to other communes; and 982 are so small,
so poor, and have their population so scattered, that the
establishment of schools in them is deemed hopeless.
The number of pupils is 3,164,297 of both sexes, or one-
eleventh part of the population. In 1826, instead of
2,460 communes unprovided with schools, there were,
according to Dupin, 14,100, and the number of pupils
was only 1,116,777, or about one thirtieth part of the
population. The amount of primary education has,
therefore, been trebled since 1826.

All teachers in Franco must produce a brevet de ea-
puede, or certificate of confidence, from Commissioners
appointed by the Government, before they are permitted
to teach. The number of teachers is 75,353, and they
are thus classified:—

Lay male teachers and sub-teachers
female do. do.

58,577

Religious male teachers and sub-teachers
female do. do.

16,958
Of the schools, 52,248 were conlucted by lay persons,
and 7,590 by persons belonging to religious communities.
It appears, then, that only a small part of primary edu-
cation is in the hands of persons belonging to religious
communities. We were told, however, about a year
ago, when in the country, that the proportion was in-
creasing. It was found that persons bred in religious
societies were better disciplined than lay persons, more
patient, and less apt to abandon their situations. It will
be observed, also, that four-fifths of them are females.
They are ranged under four classes. Ist class ; 74 in
the 100 of the lay male teachers conducting pay schools
hare emoluments, from fixed and incidental sources,
averaging 485 francs per annum, or 191. Bs. ; 25 have
241.; and 1 had 481. 2d class: 25 in the 100 of religious
male teachers in pay schools have 241 Bs.; 72 have 38/4
and 3 hare 75/. 4s. 3d class: 58 in the 100 of lay
teachers in schools where education is gratuitous have
201.; 29 have 321. 45., and 33 have 461. 4th class: 3in
the 100 of religious teachers in gratuitous schools have
only 131. 45. (or 335 francs); 34 have 281.; and 64 have
28/. Bs.

Education ie France is not compulsory as in some
parts of Germany ; and is not gratuitous except to the
very poor. The public money destined to the support
of primary schools is not stated in the article before us,
but in 1839 it amounted to fully 220,000/., of which
about one-half was furnished by the communes and de-
partments, and the other half by the Government. The
schools are not like ours, under the control of church
courts or other ecclesiastical authorities, but managed
by committees appointed by the municipal councils,
which are selected by the inhabitants, and upon a widely-
extended scale of suffrage ; for, according to a work be-
fore us, the municipal electors in all France amount to
2,880,000, and must include more than one-fourth of the
male adults.

No correct data for ascertaining the state of education
in England exist. Mr. Baines, of Leeds, after careful
inquiries, estimated the children attending school in
Yorkshire and Lancashire at one-tenth of the popula-
tion. In the agricultural counties it probably does not
exceed a fifteenth, and for the whole country it may
amount perhaps to a twelfth or thirteenth. In the eighteen
years between 1826 and 1844 the amount of educa-
tion in .France has been trebled. In England we doubt
if the increase has exceeded 50 per cent. in the same in-
terval. Though France is still a good deal behind Scot-
land, Prussia, and Wirtemburg, things are now in such
a train, that in a few years her people will be the best
educated in Europe.

IMPORTATION OF CATTLE, PRO-

VISIONS, &c.
The arrivals of provisions, generally, from abroad, for
consumption in this country, during the last three or
four days have been of an extensive and, in some in-
stances, of a novel nature, The General Steam Naviga-
tion Company's ship Columbine, from Rotterdam, which
arrived at the Brunswick-wharf, Blackwall, on Friday,
brought the extraordinary and unusually large number
of 278 packages of fresh fish, in addition to 26 hampers
of poultry, 43 packages of yeast, 300 of butter, a large
quantity of seeds, cheese, and an extensive cargo of
every other description of produce usually brought here
&Om Holland, This vessel did not bring any live cattle,
the owners doubtless considering that their presence
might prove inconvenient to the passengers, and probably
retard the voyage, the company's ship Attwood being
specially dispatched for that purpose, which also arrived
the same day, from Rotterdam, at Blackwall, with 33
vixen, 47 cows, and the large number of 352 sheep on

board, which were landed and delivered with all possilAS
dispatch. The same company's vessel, Countess
of Lonsdale, from Harnhurgh, brought on the
same day 12 oxen and 4 heifers, 11 hampers
of fresh beef in prithe condition, the importations of
which, in joints and ready for immediate use, has, We,
understand, perceptibly increased ; several packages of
grapes, and other articles, the produce of that place and
the immediase neighbourhood. The City of Boulogne'
from Boulogne, brought no less than 75 packages or
hampers oepoultry, the produce of France, for the
supply of our markets at this festive, season, the whole
of which, a great portion being turkeys, are of a very
superior description. Numerous other importations, of
various articles have taken place, but it will be sofa'
cient to particutarise a few of the most important of
them. The Jean and Jessie, a sailing vessel froze
Havre, brought 40 tons of potatoes and 75 tons of po-
tato flour. The Neptune, from Gravelines, also France,
a large quantity of poultry, eggs, &c. The Auguste, from
the same place, a large quantity of each of the same
description of articles. The Triton st, amen, from 03'
tend, an extencive variety of poultry, butter, eggs, S6C"
the produce of Belgium. The American line or packet'
ship, the • Hendrick Hudson, from New York, nestle
300 bushels of apples, known as the American new'
town pippins, a much-esteemed description of fruit'
in addition to an immense cargo, consisting of cheese,
beef, potatoes, and other descriptions of raw veget-
ables,`, flour, and every other kind of articles, brought
from the United States for consumption in this cons'
try. The James Watt steamer, from Havre, brought 18
hampere of live poultry, a quantity of eggs, seeds, See.'
and 160 packages of the various kinds of dried fruits
usually brought from France at this season, and which
are so much esteemed for their nutritious and excellent
qualities. A sailing-packet, the Day, arrived at Liver;
pool, on the same day, from Jersey, with 3,200 bushels
of apples, the produce of that island. The Princess
Victoria, from Antwerp, which has been placed on the
station for the winter season, in lieu of the Antwerpen'
to and from St. Katherine's Wharf, brought 41 batkets
of smelts and other articles, The Tourist steamer, Not
Calais, brought 25 cases; and a sailing-packet, the Coq,
from Cherbourg, 12 cases of live poultry, and nearly 208
packages of French eggs; and the No Joke, from Jer"
sey, brought 25 tons of potatoes, the produce of that
island. The Dolphin, from Ivadesella, had 2,800, and
the Industry, from Villa vicinsa, 3,000 bushels of nuts'
In addition to these, a large number of vessels have sr-
rived with cargoes of oranges and other, seasonable fruits,
from the south of Europe, and a great many 'tress!!
laden with grain, of various kinds, and flour, he"'
wheaten and potato, many of which, in addition to the
Continental states usually supplying such articles, hag
been from France and America, which do not usuil
traffic to any great extent in the exportation of suc
produce.

FLANDERS AND DUTCH MAILS.
BRUSSELS, DEC. 18.—The Chamber of Represents;
tives, in its sitting yesterday, agreed to the prejce,teca
law relative to the treaty of commerce with the Unite
States, by a majority of 73 to 3. One Member decline'
voting.
In the Chamber of to-day, on the discussion of the
Budget of Ways and Means, Messrs. de Breynei
vart, and Eloy de Burdinne, expressed tbeir opito°
that the estimates of the Budget were too favourable._
They dwelt on the necessity of reducing the tiOccl
which bear on the middle and necessitous classes, and,
of laying the burden of the taxes on the great Is° je
holders. M. Eloyde Burdinne drew a most deplore
picture of the condition of the farmers, and announce'
his intention of proposing an amendment to several sr.
titles of the Budget.
M. Delfosse and M. Verholgen made many objectionl
to the Budget and the actual system of taxation an
expenditure, but no practical measure was formally pro.
posed in support of their theories.
Several Members insisted on measures for relic/4%
the poor, and lightening the burdens of the taxes
the middle classes of the town and country.
The Minister of Public Works announced that t._ll.
works on the iron railways, which have been delayed
the formalities of expatriation, will be shortly proccede,f
with, and stated those which were already in course
execution.
Several Members called the attention of Goverlrej
to the deplorable condition of Flanders, which Mu

spec dy and energetic measures for its relief.
THE HAGUE, DEC. 16.—The First" Chamber of THE
States-General met to-day, and received several PP:a
jects of law that have already passed the Secou
Chamber. 0111
In the Second Chamber reports on several Pot'
were brought up.
We have further accounts from several
coast of the damage done by the hurricane on the I
and 12th of this month. bee,
AMSTERDAM, DEC. 18.—The Minister of Financeflosi
given notice that the half-years' interest of the Nstrjr
Debt, at 21 per cent. per annum, due on the Ist 0'
unary, 1846, will be paid in that month.
UTRECHT, DEC. 17.—Yesterday evening,
o'clock, we had another hurricane from the 11."'',;. bt-
a violent thunder-storm and hail. The flashes of am,
ning, immediately succeeded by loud claps of theAl3,
proceeding from a cloud which was very low,
.lebeti,"-ing
apprehend some serious damage. In fact, the Ilg.„, "oe
struck the tower of the Cathedral, but on exsell",,"-ttirio
flnouiddasmeeamgeedaptopehaarveed
bteoenhacvaerribeede;ffdboyneth;e
wtphaaetrotrse:poa-thittitlitilie
We understand that a conductor is to be affixed to
cathedral.

BELGIAN FUNDS.—Banssm.s, DEe. 20.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent
Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent .......
Loan •
of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent - ..•
Ditto Three per Cent •
Ditto Thirty-seven Millions, ditto ••• • ..
Ditto, ditto, 1840 •••• • • • • ......... ..... 99%
Ditto,ditto,lB42.• • •
98
Ditto, 1844..• •• •• •• " •• „ „,,,
Ditto, 1836.. ••• • • • '• • • •• • •
.. .. .. ...
Ditto, 1838 .... • • • • " ' • • • • •
... 102%
Ditto of the City, 1833 • • • • •'lOO
Ditto, 1843 .... ••• • • • ... ••
..
Bank ofßelgium.• • • ..... •
—Brussels Papers. DEC. 21.
54
pp AUSTRlANrrcceenntt
te: FUNDS.—VIENNA'
u.Ue.
:D: V:
• I:E.. N: N: A:
..E c .1100711613 it
3 per Cent. ditto ..... ••••••••• • • • • • • • • 160
Loan, 1834 ••••••• • • • • • ** 123
Ditto, 1839 ...• ..
Bank Shares
Esterhazy's Loan ...• • • . •
••••••• • • • • •• ••••• • • • • • "
RAILWAYS.
191
The Northern, or Ferdinand • • • • • • • • • • '•
13431
Gloggnitz ........... ..... .. • • • • • • • •
Vienna—Milan ..................... 121%;
Leghorn 117 ~{
Sienna
Grosetto . . . ..•
—Allgemeine Zeitung, Dec. 16.
DUTCH FUNDS.•—•AMSTERDAM' DEc. /3010.
ey.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent........... 60 604
bitto, 3 per Cent . . 73 g 4.1(
Ditto, 4 per Cent..
Amort Syndic, 434 per Cent . . 151 9434
Ditto, 334 per Cent........ .. 94 1594
Commercial Company, 4% per Cent .. 158%
East India Loan, 4 per Cent 17 5
Exchange on London, at sight •• ••• • • • 12 07 6
Two m0nth5............... 12 62
On Hamburgh, at sight •• • • 35 16 76
Two months ••.• • • 3b •••-•
On Paris .
Two mouths. •• • • •• ••• • ••
—Dutch Papers, Dec. 20.
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BEnLIN, DEc. 15.
-r oll'
Bills. 97%
Bt. Schuld Sch., 8% per Cent 964
truss. English Bonds, 1830, 4 per Cent.. •• • •
Foreign Exon London,
.
Exchange £l Sterling, 2 Months. 6 z.
Hamburgh, 300 Marks, 2 Months. 149,it

Paris, 300 fr., 2 Months ...... •• . -
-Universal Prussian Gazette. Dec. 17.

WEST KENT AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIAT!jai t th,e,
Thursday a meeting of the above society was l'e':;dlieralui"
Star Hotel, Maidstone. There were present a on—ja
number of gentlemen connected with the agricultot west
rest, including Sir Edmund Fisher, Bart., M.P. f°terr th°
Kent ; James D. S. Douglas, Esq., M.P. for Rockiest
Hon. Colonel Stratford ; Captain Marsham R.N.; - Ptl';
J. Marsham, of Abingdon Castle; C. G. W'
and James Selby, Esq., of Mailing. Colonel Austen,. ..?r,
the Members for West Kent, on being called to the e'iiioto
served that that meeting had been assembled to is Aiwa
consideration the peculiar position in which they we,r,enrzisa,tll
hittaker,
one of
by the strange conduct of the Prime Minister of '-;ioni"
who had been raised to power on the belief that he a the
protect the interests of the agricultural population i 35 he
country, but who had deserted the principles on tr oes
had taken office. After briefly detailing the cirewm" the
connected with the crisis which was impending ov e
ally
beads of the farmers, the Hon. and Gallant ChairmaProolu-
on the Hon. Colonel Stratford, who moved the first
tion, pledging the meeting to support no measure ded to
should tend to reduce the protection at present afford
agricultural produce. This resolution having been Oen or
by Mr. Hatch, was carried unanimously. It was tb"
AO'
solved, on the motion of Mr. Osborne, seconded b
eta
Knowles, a tenant-farmer, that a petition founded t
F rho"
should be prepared, and presented to both Houses of gA 0.41
ment. Thanks were then voted to the Chairman °rotor
county Members for their adherence to the cause of P dired
tion. After which, most of the leading men present
together. gs
THEATRICALS AT NEW YORK.--MiSS Pet 7
completed a second engagement at the Park, with triensiser
brilliant success. She has appeared in the Bride of lAA foal
moor, the Sonnambula, Cenerentola, and Fra Diavalo; 511- 'oar
the numerous critiques that have appeared in the leadlngJeo
nals, has established a reputation as an actress asWtai'
singer, that has never been equalled since tbt days c'•
bran and Pico.
BIRTHS. Lirr
On the 22d inst., in Whiteiall-pluce, the Countess of
coin, of a son. IV'
On the 21st inst., at Gra:age-terrace, Brompton, Airs'
H.oono
tohke, o2foat daughter.
hinst.,at North
the Vicarage, Bangor, ale*
h
the lady of Thomas Maude, Esq., of a daughter.
On the 22d inst., •..'tStratfo rd-place, the lady of 30110
Wingfield Stratford, 'Esq., of a daughter.

MARRIED. g or°
On the 16th inst., at Bandinan House, Perthshire, —e to,
.
Smyth Pigott, Esq., of the Royal Scots Greys, to
third daughter of J J. D. Nairue, Esq., of Dunsivane• ~.,, Wog'
On the 18th of November, at St. Luke's Mural, Iv 4.'" 110
to E 00,
ton-square, Canada, Hugh Cossart Baker, Esq.,
eldest daughter of Henry Wyatt, Esq., late of Long Vit
. Surrey
Elizabe

DIED. of
On the 18th inst., at Edinburgh, in the 76th yeareotot
age, George Munro, late of Culrain, in the county 0,1, tat
Esq., presumptive Baronet of Fowlis and lineal descenua, tbe
Lieutenant-General Sir George Mu7riro commander the
forces in Scotland after the restoration of King Charles
Second.

On the 15th inst., at Brighton, Dirs. Frances Martin.
On the 1 6th inst., at Inyerness, George Stockwell, Eliot
On the 19th inst., in Regent-street, Susanna Snell, W
John Foreman, Esq., aged 70.
eltle° On the 19th inst., at Hastings, Harriett Emma, -
daughter of the late Alderman Venables.

London: Printed and Published by 31151iD0 Y0U1,114
No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, Na
Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the Cow"
Middlesex, Tuesday, December 23, 1845.

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