The Sun.
London, England, 1828-04-05 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 5, 1828.

THE NEW ROYAL BEAVER HATS,
sanctioned by his MAJESTY'S ROYAL LET-
TERS PATENT, for their Texture and Gentlemanly ap-
pearance, are decidedly superior to any hitherto offered
to the patronage of the Nobility, Gentry, and the Public.
They combioe every recent improvement ; the nap or
covering iv shortened upon the French principle, and has
the feel and appearance of Genoa velvet. The body being
made of very fine materials, they can be manufactured of
the curious lightness of four and five ounces. It will be
the study' of the Patentees to produce a succession of no-
velties, in style and shape, and the utmost attention will
be paid to the trimming, in order to give ease to the head.
Extra Superfine quality 24s.
Extra Superfine, Spanish Trimmings
ROBERT FRANKS AND CO.,

Manufacturers and Patentees, 140, REGENT-STREET,

and 62, RED CROSS-STREET.

The Best SUPERFINE BEAVER HATS for 218.
The Best DRAB BEAVER HATS for 21s.
The Best SILT HATS
Ditto, of a peculiar richness and lightness for 14s.
riOVINTON and Co., No. 1'32, CHEAP-
SIDE, LONDON, and DILE-STREET, LIVER-
POOL—The Public are recommended, previous to pay-
ing the present high prices, to examine COVINTON'S
SUPERFINE BEAVER HATS for 218., as from the
elegance of their shape— of which every imaginable variety
is constantly on sale--their beautiful appearance, the nap
being of real and the finest Beaver, and their astonishing
lightness, some of them weighing only Five Ounces, they
obtain universal approbation, awl are acknowledged to be
decidedly superior to any thing ever before offered to the
public.
SILK HA TS at 12s. and 145., on the same improved plan.

On Monday, in 4 vols. Bvo.
HISTORY ofthe LATE WAR in SPAIN
and PORTUGAL.

By ROBERT SOUTHEY.

*4,4 The ThireVolume, in ,tto., and Vols. 5 awl 6, Bro.
are in the Press, and will complete the work.
Printed for John Murray, Albemarle-street.

This day was published in Svo., price 12s.

IRELAND ; its EVILS, and their REME-
DIES; being a ?,efatation of the ERRORS of the
EMIGRATION COMMITTEE, and others, relating to
that Country.
" Dwell in the Land, and verily thou shalt be fed."
By MICHAEL THOMAS SAILER.
Printed for John Murray, Albemarle-street.

Published this day, price Eightpeuce, No. IV. of
THE NEW LONDON RAMBLER'S
MAGAZINE, or Annals of Gallantry, Glee, Plea-
sure, and Bon Ton. Embellished with a peculiar Engrav-
ing on Steel of a Lady at her Toilet.
Principal Contents are—Saloon Voluptuaries—Life of
Mrs. Henderson, the East Indian Beauty—Private Amours
of Lord Byron—Helen of Glenshiles, or the Miseries of
Seduction—the Twelve Sides of Woman explained—
Cuckolds' Chronicle--Madame Vestris and the Polar Na-
vigator•.. Love's Petticoat and Breeches—Movements of
Love—Signor Curioni and leetel Girl—Miss Love's Elope-
ment—the Countess of Lieven.-Loose Fish—Peggy's Court
Petticoat—the Drama and its Votaries, &c. &c.
Published by J. Mitford, at the office, 19, Little Queen-
street, Holborn.

Second Edition, price Is. 6d., revised and enlarged. De-
dicated, by Permission, to the Lord Bishop of London,
rrHE OMNIPRESENCE of the DEITY.
A Poem.

COOPER'S ARTHRITIC LINIMENT.
FOR RHEUMATIC AFFECTIONS, &C. &C.
FROM the very high esteem in which the
above Remedy is held in the East, and its tried good
effects in numberless instances in this Country, it is likely
to be of the most essential service in removing that pain-
ful affliction Rheumatism, which from the changeableness
of our atmosphere is so prevalent in this Country. The
utility of the Arthritic Liniment is not confined to
Rheumatic Complaints only, but will be found useful in
all internal Inflammations of Joints, and possesses an in-
fluence peculiar to itself, in addition to its effects as a
counter-irritant. These characters induce the Proprietor
to be sanguine of its proving a valuable application in
cases of White Swelling, &c.
Sold in Bottles at 2s. 9d. and 4s. 61, by Messrs. But-
ler, Chemists, Cheapside, corner of St. Paul's, London ;
Princes-street, Edinburgh ; and Sackville-street, Dublin ;
and by the principal Dealers in Patent Medicines in the
Kingdom.

There will be a Levee at -the Castle of Dublin
on MOnday, the 14th of April, at one o'clock ; and a Draw-
ing room on Thursday, the 17th of April, at nine o'clock.
The Duke and Duchess of St. A LEAN'S give
a splendid quadrille ball, on Fiiday next, at their residence
in Piccadilly.

DREADFUL AND DESTRUCTIVE FIRE,
SUPPOSED THE WORK OF AN INCENDIARY.—OR Sunday
morning last, about two o'clock, the extensive premises of
Messrs. JOSHUA Loc}moon and Co. manufacturers of
cotton and wot'lie❑ cords, &c. in Manchester-street, Hud-
dersfield, were discovered to he •n fire, and such was the
rapidity with which the devouring element pursued its de-
vastating course, that in about twenty minutes the roof of
the principal mill fell in, and shortly afterwards all the
floors in succession. Two fire-engines arrived on the spot
as soon as possible, and by dint of unremitting exertions,
the remai•.ing parts of the premises were nearly all pre-
served, without material injury. Fortunately, the morn.
ing was calm, but had there been a moderately strong west
wind, the whole of the premises, and probably a great part
of Manchester-street must have fallen a sacrifice to the
flames. This is the most dreadful conflagration that has
happened iu the town or neighbourhood of Huddersfield,
for a number of years. The loss, it is said, will be about
10,0001., and we are sorry to add, that there is very little
doubt, but that this dreadful calamity is the diabolical act
of some incendiary, as the fire broke out in a new unfinish-
ed building, adjoining the mill, in which there had never
been any light or fire, for the floor was not finished, and
no door was put in ; and Mr. Locxwoon states that no
light had been in the mill, (to his knowledge) since Thurs-
day last, and that all was sate at half-past ten o'clock on
Saturday night.—Leeds

CATHOLIC QUESTION.

(From an interesting Pamphlet on the subject which we

lately noticed.)

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN TIIE T,ATE POPE PIUS VII. AND

FERDINAND KING OF NAPLES, ON THE SUBJECT OF AN
ACT OF HOMAGE IMPLYING A SENSE (ON THE PART OF
FERDINAND) OF 111, HOLINESS'S SUPREMACY.
(TRANSLATION.)

SlRE,—Notwitbstanding that the silence of your Ma-
jesty, who never replied to our letter of the 18th of October
last, and the open declaration of your ministers had au-
nounced to us, that, on the anniversary of the Festivity of
St. Peter, the presentation of the census and hackney, due
to this Holy See, would be withheld, yet we confess to
your Majesty, that such a proceeding appeared to us im-
possible.

We cannot forget how warmly we were urged by your
Majesty himself, from Palermo, in the letter you caused
to be presented to us from yourself, by the Duke of Gravina,
to effectuate in that year the said presentation of the sub-
,idy and steed. May your Majesty recollect what you
wrote to us from that city, and what is more, may you re-
member the vows you there made to God !
Not because the times of tribulation are changed, can our
duties change; rather should we find in the change of the
times reasons to be grateful for the mercies of the Lord,
and to redouble our zeal in the discharge of our obligations.
In the letter alluded to,•we tell your Majesty, with apostolic
frankness, that if you should intend to fail in the perform-
ance of your oaths, we shall not fail in ours. The recollec-
tion of the pending treaty of ecclesiastical affairs, and the
desire of not interrupting its conclusion, which is so im-
portant to religion, and which so strongly excites our
a?ostolie solicitude, furnish us with a notice to tranquil-
lize our. conscience, and to withhold us this once snore
from the execution of what we had already declared to
your Majesty. But if, from the above-mentioned con-
siderations, we abstain from taking any steps, we will not,
however, incur the reproach of not having spoken openly
to your Majesty. Sire, we are now upon the edge of the
tomb ; we tremble at the idea that we must soon appear
at the tribunal of that God, before whom also your Ma-
jesty must one day appear. The non-execution of duties
incurred, the violation of oaths, will not be excusable before
him for worldly considerations. Upon the bed of death,
and by the light of that fatal candle, your Majesty will see
with different eyes, that which human interests and
the enemies of your real welfare now show you under
false colours. Your Majesty cannot think that our in-
terest makes us speak thus. We shall be neither greater
nor less, if the hackney is or is not offered to us. But may
your Majesty reflect whether it will one day be equally in-
different to you, the not having presented it to us. Should
our voice, whirls, although unworthy, is still the voice of
the Vicar of Jesus Christ, have the misfortune not to find
its way now to the heart of your Majesty, you will hear it
resound one day at the tribunal of God. May your Ma-
jesty be convinced that these sentiments, which may per-
haps displease you, come from the heart of a father who
loves you, and who desires your eternal salvation, anti with
all the affection of the soul, we remain, giving you the pa-
ternal apostolic benediction,

PIUS P. P. VII.
From the Vatican, 28th June, 1816.

Naples, 26th July, 1816.
To THE Horx FATHER—The letter which your Holi-
ness vouchsafed to write to me on the 28th of last month,
has deeply grieved me, both by the reproach you therein
make to me, for not having answered your letter of the
18 th October last year, and by the subject on which you
write.

First, I will excuse myself from the reproach, and then
with the most profound respect, which I shall profess as
long as I live, towards the Vicar of Jesus Christ, I will
openly discuss with the immortal Pius VII. the subject of
the steed ; a right purely political and temporal, which
the Church of Rome believes to he founded, and which the
King of the Two Sicilies (even putting aside critical and
diplomatical disputes,) cannot and ought not to make good,
without injuring bis independence, the first and essential
right of every sovereignty.
With regard to the excuse: your Holiness's letter, re-
specting the steed, of the 19th October, was delivered to me
by the Cardinal Caracciolo; and after having considered it
with the most scrupulous-attention, I replied to it on the
21st of November, and I ordered my Minister accredited
to your Holiness to deliver my reply into yoar own hands ;
and, as your Holiness in that letter had informed me
that you had commissioned Cardinal Caracciolo to speak
also -upon the presentation of the steed, I ordered my Ple-
nipotentiaries not to refuse to discuss this subject in the ne-
gotiations of the Concordat ; and they afterwards informed
we that they had debated upon it with your Plenipoten-
tiaries, uniting this pretension with the inconvenience for
the two bordering States, of the possession of Benevento
and Pontecorvo ; thus to make it an object of pecuniary
indemnification, as treating of a doubtful and disputable
right : the only means by which contests have ever been
decided between neighbouring, Sovereigns or individuals;
on one side to avoid litigation, and on the other the
annoyance of bad neighbourhood. My plenipotenti-
aries even informed me moreover, that your plenipoten-
tiaries made a metnoramlum in writing of this dis-
cussion, which was read at the ensuing sitting, and then
sent to your Secretary of State, without and• further
answer having been made
.to it. Your Holiness will
perceive, therefore, that I neglected not to answer your'
letter, and if amongst your papers, my answer was lost,
it is not my fault: In the mean time, that your Holiness
may be aware of the terms in which -I wrote my reply, I
send you a copy thereof, and also as a justification of an in-
conceivable neglect towards your Holiness, equally sacred
from his character, and venerable froth the' virtues that
adorn him.

I now come to your Holiness's letter of the 28th ult.--
Your Holiness therein speaks of the•subsidy and steed; of
my letters written to you from Palerma,•and delivered by
the Duke of Gravina; of the vows I made to God ; of the
Oaths taken ; of the non-performance of nay promises.—
Your Holiness summons me to the tribunal of God; re-
!nimbi me of the sacred light which burns by the couch of
the dying, to whom God grants the boon of having lived,
and of dying in the bosom of the church ; and at last you
address to me these holy and memorable words :—" Should
our voice which, although unworthy, is still the voice of
the Vicar of Jesus Christ, have the misfortune not to find
its way now to the heart of your Majesty, you will hear it
resonod one day at the Tribunal of God." • - Oa reading
these words I was filled with holy awe, and humbling my-
self before 6.1, I besought him, with the greatest fervour,
to enlighten me with a knowledge of my citifies, and above
all I desired to recall to my remembrance, if I had made
any vow during my residence in Sicily ; and after the most
scrupulous examination, I could not find that I had made
any, excepting that (which was not a solemn vow) of erect•
ing a clmrch to St. Francesco di Paola, as soon as I should
have recovered my kingdom of Naples. I never vowed to
offer a subsidy and steed, nor could such a vow ever enter
into my mind; because, if justice had obliged me to this
homage, it could not be matter of a vow ; if, on the other
hand, it was not owing, or even, I go further, if there-
existed any doubt of right as to the offering, I should
have failed in my duty had I paid it, as I should thereby
have subjected my State and my subjects to the feudal
bond; and from thence would have arisen the absurdity,
to the detriment of religion, of a person vowing to God to
neglect his duty to his own country. If, from momentary
hesitation in a well-poised judgment, I had Allen into
such an error, I say that not only your Holiness, who is
all-powerful in spiritual affairs, but any confessor would
have absolved me from it. The tremendous menace of
rendering account to God has led me to examine and in-
vestigate
,the nature and character of the question, aril
with the understanding which it has pleased God to give
me, I have firmly convinced myself of the soundness. of the
following statement, independently of the investigation of
ancient writings, which have at all times demonstrated this
pretension of the Church of Rome to be void of all legal
foundation.

There was a time when every thiog in Europe as-
sumed the feudal forms. The chain of nobles and of
vassals had so manv links, that the Kings of France,
the Emperor of Germany, the Church itself, on one side
rose to the highest link of lords, arid on the other de-
scended to that of vassals. In fact, feudality was the
constitutive principle of political economy ; every coun-
try, every State, every person, either considered himself
as lord or vassal; and sometimes from different possessions,
the same state, or the tame person, represented and endured
in greater or .less degrees, thetwo:qualities:of lordship and
feudal, subjection. This same principle of feudality gave
rise to the feuds oblate, a species of voluntary servitude,

PRICE 7D.

which
gnla na ntdh oTi sniei
et timesh
eChurch, u
disciplinee
eiamplyrnh
tie
inherent
nnt a
tnodtcompensatedhine invariable
daorghi
amy
balgreateign ad-
vantages.
0 all'they
wise in temporal affairs, constantly conformed to the times
and systems of political economy with regard to her posses-
sions and temporal rights ; hence, while the Roman Empire
governed the world, she was in temporal matters a sub-
ject ; when the Roman Empire was dissolved, she became
by just title a political Power. She adopted the feudal
system in her states, because every thing was then feudal;
her temporal power increased and diminished by treaties
and conventions; in short, by taose different means, by
which sovereignties rise and fall. It is in consequence of
those political and diplomatical conventions that she has ob-
tained the possession of her states, always subject to those
necessary vicissitudes which the general system of the age
brings upon governments.
In fact, was not the glorious predecessor of your Holi-
ness obliged, by a solemn treaty, to cede the Legations ?
and has not your Holiness regained, with a slight diminu-
tion, their possession by a political convention which the
powers assembled in Congress at Vienna sanctioned, is
order to give peace to the world? There is, therefore, no-
thing invariable, save the dogma, because revealed by God.
In temporal affairs the church conforms to the times and to
circumstosices. Feudality, Holy Father is over in Europe.
Germany, which retained it the nearest to its ancient form ;
France, Poland, Italy, the,Low-countries, are no longer
fiefs, have no longer vassals. The Emperor of Germany,
the King of France, have solemnly abdicated every feudal
right ; Italy, full of imperial fiefs, already remembers not
their name. Is the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, then,
alone to remain a vassal ? Is it, after the treaty of Vienna.
the foundation and principle of every existing sovereign
possession, to hear speak of homage and a steed; whilst in
that treaty no mention is made amongst those possessions
in which the Holy See has been reinstated, of the right of
lordship over the kingdom of Naples ? Would it not be
equally absurd if the King of France were now to pretend
to be lord of the country of Flanders, or if the Emperor of
Austria should attempt to assume his feudal rights in Ger-
many and Italy?
Holy Father, permit me, with profound and filial re-
spect, to say that neither the offering of homage, nor of a
steed, are subjects for which I can be called to the tribunal
of God; a tribunal which I greatly fear on account of ms
sins, nor can I hope for pardon excepting in the precious
blood of Jesus Christ. Homage and the presentation of a
steed are political rights which are acquired and lost by
treaties, by conventions, by prescription ; in short, by those
means by which dominions are acquired and lost, always under
the general law of nations, of whose rights sovereigns are,
in the name of God, the sacred depositaries. I shall, therefore,
ever be the most obedient son of the Holy See ; I shall listen
to its voice with profound submission, whensoever it calls
me to my spiritual duties : but in temporal affairs, I shall
weigh the rights of the Sovereign of Rome with those
principles of independence which are adapted to my king-
dom. I will add another reflestion. This distinction be-
tween the Sovereign of Rome and the High Pontiff is so
sacred and holy, that I took no umbrage at the Pontiff,
when the Secretary of State of the Sovereign of Rome
wrote to I3uonaparte, that, if the Papal States were gua-
ranteed, there would be no difficulty in recognising Joseph
Buonaparte King of the Two Sieilies. I repeat it ; the
Pontiff was Sovereign of a State, and it was his duty to
make every species of sacrifice to save her subjects from the
aggression of the enemy, and to maintain them in a state
of peace ; and perhaps it may be even granted, that, in a
political sense, your Secretary of State acted wisely ; hence
if Buonaparte had given the guaranty, your Holinesg, in
your character of Vicar of Jesus Christ, would have wept
over the political vicissitudes causing my perdition ; but,
as Sovereign of Rome, would have sanctioned it, impelled
by the irresistible law of force, and the no less sacred ob-
ligation of preventing bloodshed, and the changing of the
government of your subjects.

I entreat your Holiness, in the plenitude of Your judg-
ment, to agree with me in considering whether I can, in
conscience, allow the existence, to the injury of my suc-
cessors, of this touchstone of census, and the offering of
Vie hackney, which, supposing that in the course of time,
Vte .policy of the Papal States should find itself in critical
circumstances, might engender the fatal risk of the loss of
their sovereignty.
Your Holiness, who, amongst the various qualities that
adorn you, so eminently possesses that of justice, will see if
I can waver in my firm determitiation, never to consent to
the offering of homage and a steed ; whilst I declare my-
self ready, for the sake of peace, whenever this question
shall be amalgamated with that of Benevento and Ponte-
corvo, to agree to a pecuniary compensation according to
the memorandum delivered to you by your Plenipoten-
tiariee ; the only means of terminating our temporal dis-
agreement; and allow me to say, means which are in
conformity to the principles of the Ecclesiastical laws.
I will remind your Holiness, that, according to the
canonical principles, not only arc doubtful rights to be dis-
cussed, but, if useful to the Church, the foundation of
them may be set aside. The Holy See has pecuniary
obligations, both on the Mont Napoleon and for the in-
demnisation of Prince Beauharnais ; a certain sum would
relieve the Papal Government from the affliction of op-
pressing its subjects. Benevento and Pontecorvo are of
no advantage to your temporal possessions; they are, en
the contrary, of the greatest injury to my kingdom : the
benefit, therefore, would be mutual. An excellent neigh-
bourhood would be formed ; both sovereigns would be-
come, for their reciprocal interests, the most faithful allies,
to resist every inimical aggression. Peace would reign
amongst our subjects, and the Church would be relieved
from a possession useless to her, and extremely injurious to
a neighbour, who would look up to your Holiness as the
giver of tranquillity to his country.
Have 1 deserved, Holy Father, with these holy
and pious intentions of submitting the census and the hack-
ney (since they would be accompanied with the eradica-
tion of all discord between neighbours) even to a calcula-
tion of pecuniary compensation ; notwithstanding the last
public right fixed by the congress of Vienna ? Have I de-
served, I repeat it with satisfaction, to be menaced iu the
venerated letter of your holiness, with the judgment of
God ? Although I am perfectly calm, and have a pure
conscience, yet as it must ever cause me heartfelt grief to
oppose, in the slightest degree, whatever your Holiness
suggests to me, I entreat you, with the most profound and
filial respect, to give due consideration to this answer of
mine, and to add to the many favours which you daily heap
upon me, that of remembering me in your holy prayers, to
implore for me, from God, the grace to govern my subjects
according to the spirit of his divine word ; and I remain,
beseeching the holy apostolic benediction,
(Signed) FERDINAND.

POOLE.—We are assured that it is under the
serious consideration of many of the leading individuals of
this town, to erect a new Theatre during the ensuii,g sum-
mer : this desirable object is to be accomplished by shares.
—Dorset Chronicle.

A few days since were dug up in an orchard
at Kingston Deverill, Wilts, (about two feet from the sur-
face,) the bones of an adult human body; and as from
various circumstances it is thought that they were placed
there by murderous hands, considerable interest has been
excited by the discovery. The medical gentlemen who
have visited the spot, give it as their opinion that, judging
from the nature of the soil as well as from the state of the
remains, they cannot have been in the earth less than 40
years, which opinion is also considerably strengthened by
the circumstance of a brass buckle having been found with
the bones, such as old men used at that period to wear
affixed to their girdles. It is remarkable that the person
who made the discovery was induced to do so by the fre-
quent repetition of a dream, which had warned his uncle
that money was buried in the spot where the bones were
found, which spot was particularly marked by a thorn bush
growing thereof., —Dorset Chronicle.
AMICABLE `VAR.-The Prince of (Ennui-
cast dying in 1805, without issue, several Princes and
Nobles of the 'holy empire laid claim to the inheritance.
Formerly this circumstance would have led to a very beau-
tiful law suit, which might have lasted half a century or
so. But in those pugnacious times a war was resolved
upon, and military demonstrations actually took place. The
withparties,trulyhowever,
(3
e 1)e and,(.
firiiagdh toein.d
ordered
another, ,
tive soldiers not to fire ; it is even said that the men (Aus-
trians expressly enlisted for the occasion), had received a
hint that they might desert if they chose ; but this they did
aonn goodlw' shed
nature, to
not hurry themselves to do, as their pay in these pocket ar-
mies was better than in one of 300,000 men. Not a drop
of blood was shed ; and, after a little mte
anuvrinv, the
parties agreed to an amicable division. —Loncltta Mask
Review.